Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-16-2095 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, November 4, 2016

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — OCTOBER 2016

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 161,000 in October, and the unemployment rate was little 

changed at 4.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment continued to 

trend up in health care, professional and business services, and financial activities. 

Hurricane Matthew

Hurricane Matthew affected parts of the East Coast during the October reference periods for the 

establishment and household surveys. For information on how severe weather can affect 

employment and hours data, see Question 8 in the Frequently Asked Questions section of this 

news release. 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, October 2014 –

October 2016

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Oct-14 Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16

Percent Thousands

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Oct-14 Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

October 2014 – October 2016
- 2 - 

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate, at 4.9 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 7.8 million,

changed little in October. Both measures have shown little movement, on net, since August 2015. (See 

table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Hispanics declined to 5.7 percent in 

October, while the rates for adult men (4.6 percent), adult women (4.3 percent), teenagers (15.6 percent), 

Whites (4.3 percent), Blacks (8.6 percent), and Asians (3.4 percent) showed little change. (See

tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs declined by 218,000 over the 

month to 3.7 million. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was 

unchanged at 2.0 million in October and accounted for 25.2 percent of the unemployed. (See tables A-11 

and A-12.) 

In October, both the labor force participation rate, at 62.8 percent, and the employment-population 

ratio, at 59.7 percent, changed little. These measures have shown little movement in recent months, 

although both are up over the year. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (also referred to as involuntary parttime workers) was unchanged in October at 5.9 million. These individuals, who would have preferred 

full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they 

were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.)

In October, 1.7 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 216,000 from a 

year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 487,000 discouraged workers in October, down by 178,000 

from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.2 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in October had not searched for work for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 161,000 in October. Thus far in 2016, employment growth 

has averaged 181,000 per month, compared with an average monthly increase of 229,000 in 2015. In 

October, employment continued to trend up in health care, professional and business services, and 

financial activities. (See table B-1.) 

Health care employment rose by 31,000 in October. Within the industry, employment growth occurred 

in ambulatory health care services (+19,000) and hospitals (+13,000). Over the past 12 months, health 

care has added 415,000 jobs. 
- 3 - 

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in October (+43,000) and has 

risen by 542,000 over the year. Over the month, a job gain occurred in computer systems design and 

related services (+8,000). Employment in management and technical consulting services continued to 

trend up (+5,000). 

In October, employment in financial activities continued on an upward trend (+14,000), with a gain in 

insurance carriers and related activities (+8,000). 

Employment in other major industries, including mining, construction, manufacturing, wholesale 

trade, retail trade, transportation and warehousing, information, leisure and hospitality, and 

government, changed little over the month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours in 

October. In manufacturing, the workweek edged up by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours, while overtime was 

unchanged at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 10 cents to 

$25.92, following an 8-cent increase in September. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 

2.8 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees

increased by 4 cents to $21.72 in October. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised up from +167,000 to 

+176,000, and the change for September was revised up from +156,000 to +191,000. With these 

revisions, employment gains in August and September combined were 44,000 more than previously 

reported. Over the past 3 months, job gains have averaged 176,000 per month. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, 

December 2, 2016, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Change from:

Sept. 2016-

Oct. 2016

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 251,541 253,854 254,091 254,321 230

Civilian labor force........................................................... 157,096 159,463 159,907 159,712 -195

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.5 62.8 62.9 62.8 -0.1

Employed................................................................... 149,197 151,614 151,968 151,925 -43

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.3 59.7 59.8 59.7 -0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 7,899 7,849 7,939 7,787 -152

Unemployment rate.................................................... 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.9 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 94,446 94,391 94,184 94,609 425

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.9 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.6 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 15.8 15.7 15.8 15.6 -0.2

White.......................................................................... 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 9.2 8.1 8.3 8.6 0.3

Asian.......................................................................... 3.5 4.2 3.9 3.4 -0.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 6.4 5.6 6.4 5.7 -0.7

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.0 -0.2

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 7.3 7.2 8.5 7.3 -1.2

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.5 0.3

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.3 4.3 4.2 3.8 -0.4

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.6 0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,944 3,791 3,967 3,749 -218

Job leavers...................................................................... 790 885 893 949 56

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,435 2,271 2,333 2,354 21

New entrants.................................................................... 812 861 805 793 -12

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,339 2,290 2,574 2,397 -177

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,295 2,329 2,234 2,296 62

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,227 1,056 1,157 1,165 8

27 weeks and over............................................................. 2,132 2,006 1,974 1,979 5

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 5,761 6,053 5,894 5,889 -5

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,289 3,727 3,618 3,505 -113

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,189 1,929 1,969 2,118 149

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,179 20,523 20,688 20,691 3

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,916 1,713 1,844 1,700 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 665 576 553 487 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 176 191 161

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 132 188 142

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 -26 14 0

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 -4 -1 -2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 -6 23 11

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -16 -8 -9

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 -16 -7 -5

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 -3.4 -2.2 -0.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 0 -1 -4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 158 174 142

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 3.4 11.9 6.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 16.8 22.2 -1.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6.6 18.9 -3.1 7.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 -0.7 0.2 0.9

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 -1 1 4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 18 4 14

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 28 78 43

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 -2.8 31.0 6.4

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 56 39 52

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.6 37.6 21.8 39.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 10 7 10

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 9 13 6

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9 44 3 19

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 233 206 176

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 197 180 154

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 49.7 49.7 49.6

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 48.2 48.2 48.2

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.3 82.3 82.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.3 34.4 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25.21 $25.74 $25.82 $25.92

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $869.75 $882.88 $888.21 $891.65

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.4 105.4 105.8 106.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 -0.2 0.4 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.8 129.6 130.6 131.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 -0.1 0.8 0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (262 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 58.6 57.1 59.2

Manufacturing (79 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.8 46.2 41.8 48.1

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 146,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 623,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from 

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251,541 254,091 254,321 251,541 253,397 253,620 253,854 254,091 254,321

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,313 159,636 159,783 157,096 158,880 159,287 159,463 159,907 159,712

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.8 62.8 62.5 62.7 62.8 62.8 62.9 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,716 151,977 152,335 149,197 151,097 151,517 151,614 151,968 151,925

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.5 59.8 59.9 59.3 59.6 59.7 59.7 59.8 59.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,597 7,658 7,447 7,899 7,783 7,770 7,849 7,939 7,787

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,228 94,456 94,539 94,446 94,517 94,333 94,391 94,184 94,609

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,703 5,753 5,613 6,039 5,692 5,886 5,833 6,088 5,912

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,474 122,775 122,889 121,474 122,427 122,539 122,656 122,775 122,889

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,572 84,996 84,991 83,505 84,766 84,826 84,906 85,084 85,034

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.8 69.2 69.2 68.7 69.2 69.2 69.2 69.3 69.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,579 80,952 80,966 79,225 80,596 80,548 80,674 80,755 80,722

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 65.9 65.9 65.2 65.8 65.7 65.8 65.8 65.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,993 4,043 4,025 4,279 4,169 4,278 4,232 4,329 4,312

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.8 4.7 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,902 37,779 37,898 37,969 37,662 37,713 37,750 37,691 37,855

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,049 114,289 114,401 113,049 113,951 114,058 114,173 114,289 114,401

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,817 82,020 82,065 80,660 81,788 81,834 81,838 82,019 82,004

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.5 71.8 71.7 71.3 71.8 71.7 71.7 71.8 71.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,258 78,459 78,538 76,857 78,127 78,048 78,143 78,195 78,233

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.3 68.6 68.7 68.0 68.6 68.4 68.4 68.4 68.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,559 3,561 3,527 3,803 3,661 3,786 3,695 3,825 3,771

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,232 32,269 32,337 32,389 32,163 32,224 32,335 32,269 32,398

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,067 131,317 131,432 130,067 130,969 131,081 131,198 131,317 131,432

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,741 74,640 74,791 73,591 74,115 74,461 74,557 74,823 74,678

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 56.8 56.9 56.6 56.6 56.8 56.8 57.0 56.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,137 71,025 71,369 69,971 70,501 70,969 70,940 71,213 71,202

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.9 54.1 54.3 53.8 53.8 54.1 54.1 54.2 54.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,604 3,615 3,423 3,620 3,614 3,492 3,617 3,610 3,475

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,326 56,677 56,640 56,476 56,855 56,620 56,641 56,493 56,754

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,880 123,066 123,179 121,880 122,728 122,835 122,949 123,066 123,179

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,093 71,902 72,061 70,833 71,303 71,572 71,630 71,893 71,811

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 58.4 58.5 58.1 58.1 58.3 58.3 58.4 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,885 68,709 68,997 67,624 68,107 68,508 68,415 68,723 68,716

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 55.8 56.0 55.5 55.5 55.8 55.6 55.8 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,209 3,193 3,064 3,209 3,196 3,065 3,215 3,169 3,094

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,787 51,164 51,117 51,047 51,425 51,262 51,319 51,173 51,368

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,612 16,737 16,741 16,612 16,718 16,728 16,732 16,737 16,741

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,403 5,714 5,656 5,603 5,789 5,881 5,995 5,995 5,898

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.5 34.1 33.8 33.7 34.6 35.2 35.8 35.8 35.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,574 4,810 4,800 4,715 4,864 4,961 5,056 5,050 4,976

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.5 28.7 28.7 28.4 29.1 29.7 30.2 30.2 29.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 904 856 887 926 920 938 945 922

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 15.8 15.1 15.8 16.0 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,209 11,023 11,084 11,010 10,928 10,847 10,737 10,741 10,843

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197,271 198,509 198,633 197,271 198,132 198,253 198,380 198,509 198,633

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,572 124,689 124,779 123,375 124,551 124,793 124,756 124,873 124,739

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 62.8 62.8 62.5 62.9 62.9 62.9 62.9 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,474 119,465 119,677 117,978 119,133 119,426 119,281 119,427 119,333

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.1 60.2 60.3 59.8 60.1 60.2 60.1 60.2 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,098 5,223 5,102 5,396 5,418 5,367 5,475 5,446 5,406

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,699 73,820 73,854 73,896 73,581 73,460 73,624 73,636 73,894

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,711 65,326 65,359 64,563 65,112 65,232 65,226 65,310 65,292

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 72.0 72.0 71.7 71.9 72.0 72.0 72.0 71.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,280 62,834 62,886 61,921 62,526 62,556 62,546 62,608 62,614

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 69.3 69.3 68.7 69.1 69.1 69.0 69.0 69.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,431 2,491 2,473 2,642 2,586 2,676 2,680 2,703 2,678

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,631 54,883 55,014 54,431 54,869 54,948 54,863 54,888 54,859

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.6 57.5 57.6 57.4 57.6 57.6 57.5 57.5 57.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,541 52,789 52,993 52,284 52,682 52,913 52,720 52,809 52,776

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 55.3 55.5 55.1 55.3 55.5 55.3 55.3 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,090 2,094 2,021 2,147 2,187 2,035 2,144 2,080 2,082

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,230 4,480 4,406 4,381 4,570 4,613 4,666 4,674 4,588

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 36.3 35.7 35.6 37.0 37.4 37.8 37.8 37.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,653 3,842 3,799 3,773 3,925 3,957 4,014 4,010 3,943

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.7 31.1 30.8 30.7 31.8 32.0 32.5 32.5 31.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 638 608 608 645 656 652 663 645

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.6 14.2 13.8 13.9 14.1 14.2 14.0 14.2 14.1

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,518 31,987 32,028 31,518 31,866 31,904 31,945 31,987 32,028

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,502 19,789 19,904 19,402 19,532 19,522 19,768 19,825 19,797

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 61.9 62.1 61.6 61.3 61.2 61.9 62.0 61.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,734 18,168 18,222 17,623 17,854 17,885 18,165 18,174 18,104

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.3 56.8 56.9 55.9 56.0 56.1 56.9 56.8 56.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,768 1,620 1,682 1,779 1,678 1,637 1,603 1,650 1,693

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 8.2 8.4 9.2 8.6 8.4 8.1 8.3 8.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,016 12,199 12,124 12,116 12,334 12,382 12,178 12,163 12,231

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,809 9,021 9,046 8,770 9,000 8,994 8,947 8,998 9,011

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 67.7 67.8 66.9 67.8 67.7 67.3 67.5 67.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,038 8,306 8,284 7,964 8,262 8,254 8,264 8,259 8,228

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 62.3 62.1 60.8 62.3 62.1 62.1 62.0 61.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771 716 762 806 738 740 683 739 783

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 7.9 8.4 9.2 8.2 8.2 7.6 8.2 8.7

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,018 10,069 10,160 9,956 9,799 9,831 10,026 10,066 10,073

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 62.4 62.8 62.5 60.9 61.0 62.2 62.3 62.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,180 9,361 9,419 9,154 9,088 9,114 9,314 9,362 9,359

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.6 58.0 58.3 57.5 56.5 56.6 57.8 58.0 57.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838 708 740 802 711 717 712 704 714

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 7.0 7.3 8.1 7.3 7.3 7.1 7.0 7.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675 698 698 677 733 697 795 761 713

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.1 27.7 27.7 27.2 29.2 27.7 31.6 30.2 28.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 502 518 505 504 518 587 553 516

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.7 20.0 20.6 20.3 20.1 20.6 23.3 22.0 20.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 196 180 172 228 179 208 207 196

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.6 28.1 25.8 25.4 31.2 25.7 26.1 27.2 27.6

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,440 15,310 15,344 14,440 15,032 15,211 15,304 15,310 15,344

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,867 9,717 9,717 8,955 9,504 9,651 9,702 9,764 9,807

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 63.5 63.3 62.0 63.2 63.4 63.4 63.8 63.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,561 9,350 9,393 8,637 9,172 9,281 9,290 9,381 9,470

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.3 61.1 61.2 59.8 61.0 61.0 60.7 61.3 61.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 367 324 318 332 369 412 382 337

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.8 4.2 3.9 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,573 5,593 5,627 5,485 5,529 5,560 5,603 5,547 5,537

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 39,916 40,919 41,011 39,916 40,646 40,732 40,825 40,919 41,011

Civilian labor force................................ 26,223 27,019 26,954 26,200 26,675 26,785 26,987 27,064 26,922

Participation rate............................... 65.7 66.0 65.7 65.6 65.6 65.8 66.1 66.1 65.6

Employed....................................... 24,643 25,366 25,482 24,535 25,136 25,347 25,468 25,327 25,381

Employment-population ratio............... 61.7 62.0 62.1 61.5 61.8 62.2 62.4 61.9 61.9

Unemployed.................................... 1,580 1,653 1,472 1,665 1,539 1,438 1,519 1,737 1,541

Unemployment rate......................... 6.0 6.1 5.5 6.4 5.8 5.4 5.6 6.4 5.7

Not in labor force................................. 13,693 13,901 14,057 13,716 13,971 13,947 13,838 13,856 14,089

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,494 14,837 14,902 14,464 14,751 14,842 14,897 14,837 14,865

Participation rate............................... 80.5 80.4 80.6 80.4 80.5 80.8 80.9 80.4 80.4

Employed....................................... 13,819 14,109 14,208 13,723 14,095 14,141 14,184 14,035 14,120

Employment-population ratio............... 76.8 76.5 76.8 76.2 76.9 77.0 77.1 76.1 76.4

Unemployed.................................... 675 728 694 741 656 701 713 803 744

Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 4.9 4.7 5.1 4.4 4.7 4.8 5.4 5.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,654 10,988 10,917 10,643 10,750 10,797 10,957 10,999 10,905

Participation rate............................... 58.6 58.8 58.3 58.5 58.0 58.1 58.8 58.9 58.3

Employed....................................... 9,996 10,278 10,344 9,961 10,067 10,226 10,322 10,292 10,307

Employment-population ratio............... 54.9 55.0 55.3 54.7 54.3 55.0 55.4 55.1 55.1

Unemployed.................................... 659 710 573 682 683 571 635 707 598

Unemployment rate......................... 6.2 6.5 5.2 6.4 6.4 5.3 5.8 6.4 5.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,074 1,193 1,135 1,093 1,175 1,146 1,133 1,227 1,153

Participation rate............................... 28.9 31.4 29.8 29.4 31.1 30.3 29.9 32.3 30.3

Employed....................................... 828 979 930 851 974 980 963 1,000 954

Employment-population ratio............... 22.3 25.8 24.5 22.9 25.8 25.9 25.4 26.3 25.1

Unemployed.................................... 246 215 205 242 201 166 170 227 198

Unemployment rate......................... 22.9 18.0 18.0 22.1 17.1 14.5 15.0 18.5 17.2

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,511 10,763 10,450 10,729 10,522 10,638 10,809 10,828 10,678

Participation rate.................................. 44.8 45.4 44.4 45.7 45.2 47.0 46.5 45.7 45.4

Employed.......................................... 9,795 9,939 9,753 9,946 9,734 9,969 10,035 9,902 9,895

Employment-population ratio................. 41.7 41.9 41.5 42.4 41.9 44.0 43.2 41.8 42.1

Unemployed....................................... 715 824 698 784 787 669 774 926 783

Unemployment rate............................ 6.8 7.7 6.7 7.3 7.5 6.3 7.2 8.5 7.3

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,675 35,955 36,168 35,354 35,260 35,547 35,793 35,704 35,852

Participation rate.................................. 57.6 57.8 58.3 57.1 57.2 57.1 57.1 57.4 57.8

Employed.......................................... 33,930 34,171 34,314 33,492 33,480 33,758 33,985 33,857 33,895

Employment-population ratio................. 54.8 54.9 55.3 54.1 54.3 54.2 54.2 54.4 54.6

Unemployed....................................... 1,744 1,784 1,854 1,861 1,780 1,789 1,808 1,847 1,958

Unemployment rate............................ 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.5

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,467 37,820 38,196 37,464 37,804 37,791 37,571 37,900 38,158

Participation rate.................................. 66.2 66.9 66.5 66.2 66.0 66.2 66.5 67.0 66.5

Employed.......................................... 35,860 36,258 36,773 35,838 36,231 36,182 35,970 36,296 36,706

Employment-population ratio................. 63.3 64.1 64.1 63.3 63.2 63.4 63.7 64.2 64.0

Unemployed....................................... 1,606 1,562 1,423 1,626 1,573 1,609 1,601 1,604 1,452

Unemployment rate............................ 4.3 4.1 3.7 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2 3.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 52,784 54,279 54,179 52,697 54,102 54,100 54,068 54,341 54,101

Participation rate.................................. 74.3 74.1 74.3 74.2 74.4 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.1

Employed.......................................... 51,476 52,916 52,801 51,366 52,723 52,741 52,618 52,967 52,709

Employment-population ratio................. 72.5 72.3 72.4 72.3 72.5 72.1 72.1 72.3 72.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,308 1,363 1,378 1,331 1,378 1,359 1,450 1,374 1,392

Unemployment rate............................ 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.6

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2016

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,120 20,808 19,119 18,789 2,001 2,019

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,772 10,678 9,535 9,362 1,237 1,316

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.0 51.3 49.9 49.8 61.8 65.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,349 10,218 9,180 8,976 1,169 1,242

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.0 49.1 48.0 47.8 58.4 61.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 460 355 387 67 74

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.3 3.7 4.1 5.4 5.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,348 10,130 9,584 9,427 764 703

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,774 3,932 3,047 3,258 727 674

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,068 3,258 2,539 2,730 529 528

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3 82.9 83.3 83.8 72.8 78.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,926 3,105 2,435 2,601 491 504

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.5 79.0 79.9 79.8 67.5 74.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 153 104 130 38 24

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.7 4.1 4.7 7.2 4.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 674 508 527 198 147

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,323 3,381 2,876 2,847 447 534

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,672 2,701 2,341 2,290 331 411

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.4 79.9 81.4 80.4 74.0 77.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,578 2,603 2,265 2,217 314 386

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.6 77.0 78.8 77.9 70.2 72.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 98 76 73 17 25

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.2 5.2 6.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651 680 535 557 116 122

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,783 8,373 8,471 8,073 312 300

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,284 2,089 2,224 2,005 60 85

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.0 25.0 26.3 24.8 19.2 28.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,208 1,998 2,156 1,921 53 77

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 23.9 25.4 23.8 16.9 25.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 91 69 84 7 8

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 4.4 3.1 4.2 – 8.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,499 6,284 6,247 6,068 252 215

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,240 5,122 4,725 4,611 515 511

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,748 2,629 2,431 2,337 317 292

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.4 51.3 51.5 50.7 61.5 57.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,637 2,512 2,325 2,237 312 275

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.3 49.0 49.2 48.5 60.6 53.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 117 106 100 5 17

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.3 1.4 5.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,492 2,493 2,294 2,274 198 219

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221,487 224,455 97,773 99,594 123,715 124,862

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,641 147,077 73,090 74,701 71,552 72,376

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 65.5 74.8 75.0 57.8 58.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,774 140,458 69,620 71,247 68,153 69,211

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 62.6 71.2 71.5 55.1 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,868 6,619 3,470 3,454 3,398 3,165

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,846 77,379 24,683 24,893 52,163 52,486

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2016

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,026 30,227 221,515 224,094

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,811 6,052 151,502 153,730

Participation rate..................................................................... 19.4 20.0 68.4 68.6

Employed............................................................................. 5,199 5,454 144,518 146,881

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 17.3 18.0 65.2 65.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 613 598 6,985 6,849

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.5 9.9 4.6 4.5

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,215 24,175 70,013 70,363

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,443 2,662 76,128 77,065

Participation rate..................................................................... 31.9 34.1 82.0 82.5

Employed............................................................................. 2,163 2,406 72,574 73,511

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 28.2 30.8 78.2 78.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 280 256 3,554 3,555

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.5 9.6 4.7 4.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,217 5,143 16,732 16,362

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,291 2,265 67,429 68,387

Participation rate..................................................................... 28.3 28.5 70.3 70.8

Employed............................................................................. 2,010 1,991 64,232 65,381

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 24.8 25.1 67.0 67.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 282 275 3,197 3,006

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.3 12.1 4.7 4.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,815 5,675 28,509 28,222

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,077 1,125 7,945 8,278

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.6 7.8 24.3 24.3

Employed............................................................................. 1,026 1,057 7,711 7,989

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.2 7.3 23.6 23.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 51 68 234 289

Unemployment rate............................................................... 4.7 6.0 2.9 3.5

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,182 13,357 24,772 25,779

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2016

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 40,074 41,785 19,463 20,153 20,610 21,632

Civilian labor force.................................................. 26,267 27,060 15,262 15,485 11,004 11,575

Participation rate.................................................. 65.5 64.8 78.4 76.8 53.4 53.5

Employed.......................................................... 25,120 25,965 14,688 14,913 10,431 11,051

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.7 62.1 75.5 74.0 50.6 51.1

Unemployed....................................................... 1,147 1,096 574 572 573 524

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.7 5.2 4.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 13,807 14,725 4,201 4,668 9,606 10,057

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 211,468 212,536 102,011 102,736 109,457 109,799

Civilian labor force.................................................. 131,047 132,722 68,310 69,506 62,737 63,216

Participation rate.................................................. 62.0 62.4 67.0 67.7 57.3 57.6

Employed.......................................................... 124,597 126,370 64,891 66,053 59,706 60,317

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.9 59.5 63.6 64.3 54.5 54.9

Unemployed....................................................... 6,450 6,352 3,419 3,453 3,031 2,899

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.9 4.8 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 80,421 79,814 33,701 33,230 46,720 46,583

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,518 2,526 2,408 2,394 2,516 2,388 2,520 2,441 2,321

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,683 1,623 1,575 1,568 1,651 1,605 1,617 1,530 1,496

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 810 879 810 804 840 766 873 886 816

Unpaid family workers........................... 25 24 23 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 147,198 149,451 149,927 146,864 148,640 149,155 149,118 149,560 149,637

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 138,477 140,780 141,123 138,182 139,777 140,468 140,431 140,812 140,856

Government..................................... 20,667 20,708 20,746 20,597 20,186 20,430 20,670 20,798 20,654

Private industries............................... 117,810 120,073 120,377 117,509 119,592 119,988 119,736 120,046 120,142

Private households.......................... 791 715 757 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 117,019 119,358 119,620 116,711 118,837 119,250 118,982 119,293 119,390

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,660 8,607 8,748 8,639 8,772 8,660 8,621 8,574 8,715

Unpaid family workers........................... 61 64 57 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,536 5,550 5,648 5,761 5,843 5,940 6,053 5,894 5,889

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,179 3,376 3,321 3,289 3,443 3,642 3,727 3,618 3,505

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,147 1,921 2,085 2,189 2,062 1,981 1,929 1,969 2,118

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,754 20,782 21,265 20,179 20,505 20,717 20,523 20,688 20,691

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,495 5,468 5,567 5,702 5,745 5,846 5,931 5,790 5,789

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,161 3,316 3,269 3,264 3,377 3,566 3,641 3,536 3,440

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,145 1,914 2,079 2,176 2,052 1,965 1,911 1,956 2,100

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,352 20,419 20,930 19,817 20,101 20,337 20,185 20,333 20,369

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,716 151,977 152,335 149,197 151,097 151,517 151,614 151,968 151,925

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,574 4,810 4,800 4,715 4,864 4,961 5,056 5,050 4,976

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,593 1,867 1,659 1,577 1,839 1,811 1,829 1,843 1,667

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,981 2,943 3,141 3,130 3,032 3,149 3,225 3,189 3,283

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,143 147,168 147,535 144,481 146,234 146,556 146,558 146,918 146,949

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,080 13,883 13,895 14,034 14,023 13,865 14,139 14,006 13,886

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,062 133,285 133,640 130,518 132,251 132,756 132,464 132,869 133,133

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,112 98,580 98,806 96,721 97,793 98,042 97,870 98,204 98,444

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,919 34,094 34,015 32,793 33,662 33,812 33,947 33,989 33,914

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,521 31,736 31,758 31,360 31,543 31,627 31,404 31,557 31,601

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,672 32,750 33,034 32,568 32,588 32,602 32,520 32,658 32,929

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,951 34,705 34,834 33,796 34,459 34,714 34,594 34,666 34,690

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,579 80,952 80,966 79,225 80,596 80,548 80,674 80,755 80,722

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,321 2,494 2,429 2,368 2,469 2,500 2,531 2,560 2,490

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779 872 743 778 906 869 895 852 752

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,542 1,622 1,685 1,595 1,571 1,627 1,631 1,710 1,727

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,258 78,459 78,538 76,857 78,127 78,048 78,143 78,195 78,233

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,164 7,134 7,105 7,151 7,229 7,120 7,238 7,185 7,123

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,094 71,324 71,433 69,766 70,899 70,987 70,913 70,968 71,149

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,064 52,775 52,815 51,836 52,493 52,395 52,401 52,497 52,620

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,817 18,313 18,273 17,730 18,209 18,197 18,238 18,232 18,208

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,013 17,076 17,126 16,914 17,084 17,048 16,996 16,968 17,033

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,234 17,386 17,416 17,192 17,200 17,149 17,167 17,298 17,379

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,029 18,549 18,618 17,931 18,406 18,592 18,512 18,471 18,529

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,137 71,025 71,369 69,971 70,501 70,969 70,940 71,213 71,202

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,253 2,316 2,372 2,347 2,394 2,461 2,525 2,490 2,486

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814 995 916 799 934 942 934 991 915

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,438 1,321 1,456 1,535 1,461 1,522 1,594 1,478 1,556

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,885 68,709 68,997 67,624 68,107 68,508 68,415 68,723 68,716

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,916 6,749 6,790 6,883 6,794 6,745 6,901 6,820 6,763

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,969 61,960 62,207 60,752 61,353 61,768 61,551 61,902 61,984

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,047 45,804 45,991 44,886 45,300 45,646 45,469 45,707 45,824

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,103 15,780 15,741 15,064 15,453 15,614 15,709 15,757 15,706

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,508 14,660 14,632 14,445 14,460 14,579 14,408 14,589 14,567

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,437 15,364 15,618 15,377 15,387 15,453 15,352 15,360 15,550

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,921 16,156 16,216 15,866 16,053 16,122 16,082 16,195 16,161

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,992 45,872 45,445 44,858 45,562 45,532 45,478 45,678 45,347

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,340 35,675 35,608 35,146 35,171 35,316 35,350 35,493 35,406

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,852 9,958 10,034 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,466 124,728 124,588 122,054 123,586 123,892 124,301 124,296 124,193

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,250 27,250 27,747 27,209 27,445 27,595 27,207 27,637 27,727

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,620 7,846 8,050 7,452 7,207 7,361 7,562 7,863 7,776

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.1

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,283 5,734 5,704 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,469 9,486 9,558 9,443 9,612 9,426 9,495 9,461 9,532

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 7,899 7,939 7,787 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 887 945 922 15.8 16.0 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 347 385 407 18.0 17.0 15.3 16.7 17.3 19.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 542 573 513 14.8 15.5 15.9 15.2 15.2 13.5

20 years and over................................ 7,012 6,994 6,865 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,453 1,242 1,278 9.4 8.7 9.0 8.1 8.1 8.4

25 years and over.............................. 5,592 5,759 5,595 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.0

25 to 54 years............................... 4,412 4,446 4,286 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.2

25 to 34 years............................. 1,852 1,855 1,839 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.1

35 to 44 years............................. 1,349 1,363 1,287 4.1 3.7 3.5 4.1 4.1 3.9

45 to 54 years............................. 1,211 1,229 1,160 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4

55 years and over........................... 1,209 1,279 1,333 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.7

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,279 4,329 4,312 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1

16 to 19 years..................................... 476 504 541 16.7 17.1 16.5 17.5 16.5 17.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 197 197 210 20.2 18.3 15.0 17.9 18.8 21.9

18 to 19 years.................................. 284 316 335 15.1 16.9 17.4 17.5 15.6 16.2

20 years and over................................ 3,803 3,825 3,771 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.6

20 to 24 years.................................. 850 726 775 10.6 9.4 10.1 9.3 9.2 9.8

25 years and over.............................. 2,968 3,106 3,004 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.1

25 to 54 years............................... 2,334 2,355 2,248 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.1

25 to 34 years............................. 1,039 1,003 999 5.5 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.2

35 to 44 years............................. 669 723 665 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.8 4.1 3.8

45 to 54 years............................. 625 629 585 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.3

55 years and over........................... 634 751 755 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.9

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,620 3,610 3,475 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 411 441 381 14.9 14.8 14.8 13.7 15.0 13.3

16 to 17 years.................................. 150 188 197 15.8 15.6 15.6 15.5 15.9 17.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 258 257 178 14.4 14.0 14.2 12.8 14.8 10.3

20 years and over................................ 3,209 3,169 3,094 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 603 516 502 8.1 7.9 7.8 6.8 7.0 6.9

25 years and over.............................. 2,624 2,652 2,591 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.0

25 to 54 years............................... 2,078 2,091 2,038 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.6 4.4 4.3

25 to 34 years............................. 813 852 841 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.1

35 to 44 years............................. 679 640 622 4.5 4.1 3.5 4.4 4.2 4.1

45 to 54 years............................. 586 599 575 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.6

55 years and over........................... 560 550 570 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present...................... 1,272 1,345 1,320 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.8

Married women, spouse present.................. 1,075 1,101 1,091 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

Women who maintain families1

.................... 795 680 652 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.9 6.4 6.1

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2................................... 6,604 6,521 6,330 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.8

Part-time workers3.................................. 1,325 1,434 1,469 4.6 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.0

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,576 3,536 3,352 3,944 3,776 3,739 3,791 3,967 3,749

On temporary layoff.............................. 645 694 673 936 1,097 997 998 1,075 994

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,931 2,842 2,679 3,007 2,679 2,743 2,792 2,892 2,755

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,077 1,968 1,856 2,115 1,917 2,021 2,005 1,986 1,907

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 854 874 823 893 763 722 787 906 847

Job leavers........................................... 801 991 975 790 828 824 885 893 949

Reentrants............................................ 2,445 2,367 2,374 2,435 2,268 2,298 2,271 2,333 2,354

New entrants......................................... 775 764 746 812 902 826 861 805 793

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 47.1 46.2 45.0 49.4 48.6 48.6 48.6 49.6 47.8

On temporary layoff.............................. 8.5 9.1 9.0 11.7 14.1 13.0 12.8 13.4 12.7

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 38.6 37.1 36.0 37.7 34.5 35.7 35.8 36.2 35.1

Job leavers........................................... 10.5 12.9 13.1 9.9 10.7 10.7 11.3 11.2 12.1

Reentrants............................................ 32.2 30.9 31.9 30.5 29.2 29.9 29.1 29.2 30.0

New entrants......................................... 10.2 10.0 10.0 10.2 11.6 10.7 11.0 10.1 10.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.3

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6

Reentrants............................................ 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

New entrants......................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,160 2,562 2,218 2,339 2,418 2,160 2,290 2,574 2,397

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,136 2,092 2,142 2,295 2,140 2,266 2,329 2,234 2,296

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,301 3,004 3,087 3,359 3,108 3,170 3,062 3,131 3,144

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,211 1,083 1,157 1,227 1,129 1,150 1,056 1,157 1,165

27 weeks and over............................... 2,090 1,921 1,930 2,132 1,979 2,020 2,006 1,974 1,979

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 28.9 27.2 27.9 28.0 27.7 28.1 27.6 27.5 27.2

Median duration, in weeks......................... 11.7 10.2 10.5 11.1 10.3 11.6 11.2 10.3 10.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 28.4 33.5 29.8 29.3 31.5 28.4 29.8 32.4 30.6

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 28.1 27.3 28.8 28.7 27.9 29.8 30.3 28.1 29.3

15 weeks and over.................................. 43.5 39.2 41.5 42.0 40.5 41.7 39.9 39.4 40.1

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 15.9 14.1 15.5 15.4 14.7 15.1 13.8 14.6 14.9

27 weeks and over............................... 27.5 25.1 25.9 26.7 25.8 26.6 26.1 24.9 25.2

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2016

Total, 16 years and over1............................................. 149,716 152,335 7,597 7,447 4.8 4.7

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 58,456 59,766 1,312 1,506 2.2 2.5

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 24,387 24,922 552 646 2.2 2.5

Professional and related occupations.......................... 34,070 34,844 760 860 2.2 2.4

Service occupations................................................ 25,890 27,013 1,800 1,749 6.5 6.1

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,273 33,538 1,688 1,474 4.8 4.2

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,330 15,757 858 730 5.3 4.4

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,943 17,781 831 744 4.4 4.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,036 13,993 887 873 5.9 5.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,106 1,037 137 78 11.0 7.0

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,773 7,933 592 594 7.1 7.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,156 5,023 158 202 3.0 3.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,061 18,025 1,112 1,078 5.8 5.6

Production occupations.......................................... 8,579 8,410 429 488 4.8 5.5

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,482 9,614 683 590 6.7 5.8

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2016

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 7,597 7,447 4.8 4.7

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,860 5,689 4.7 4.5

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 89 46 9.4 5.8

Construction.......................................................................... 534 512 6.2 5.7

Manufacturing........................................................................ 634 693 4.0 4.3

Durable goods..................................................................... 409 432 4.1 4.3

Nondurable goods................................................................ 225 260 3.8 4.3

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,006 898 5.0 4.4

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 269 251 4.1 3.7

Information............................................................................ 82 114 3.0 4.1

Financial activities................................................................... 227 264 2.4 2.7

Professional and business services............................................... 873 924 5.4 5.5

Education and health services..................................................... 791 795 3.4 3.4

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,080 928 8.0 6.7

Other services........................................................................ 275 263 4.2 4.0

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 130 85 7.4 5.3

Government workers................................................................... 506 470 2.4 2.2

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 326 456 3.3 4.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2015

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

June

2016

July

2016

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016

Oct.

2016

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.3

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.8 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.2

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 6.0 5.9 5.7 6.2 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.9

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 9.5 9.3 9.2 9.8 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.5

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2015

Oct.

2016

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 94,228 94,539 37,902 37,898 56,326 56,640

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,703 5,613 2,604 2,633 3,099 2,979

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 1,916 1,700 1,017 880 899 820

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 665 487 375 288 290 199

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,250 1,213 642 592 609 621

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,620 8,050 3,741 3,878 3,879 4,172

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.1 5.3 4.7 4.8 5.5 5.8

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,084 4,373 2,223 2,423 1,861 1,950

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,045 2,115 688 706 1,358 1,409

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 196 329 137 155 59 174

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,249 1,185 667 581 582 604

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Change

from:

Sept.2016

-

Oct.2016p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,689 144,413 145,029 145,928 142,595 144,600 144,791 144,952 161

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,284 123,288 122,886 123,328 120,568 122,387 122,575 122,717 142

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,845 19,974 19,884 19,861 19,581 19,601 19,615 19,615 0

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792 690 688 691 786 681 680 678 -2

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.5 51.3 50.7 50.7 50.9 49.1 49.1 49.0 -0.1

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738.9 638.8 637.2 640.0 735.4 631.8 631.0 628.7 -2.3

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.8 173.9 171.9 172.3 186.7 172.4 172.1 171.9 -0.2

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.8 185.2 184.3 184.2 194.6 180.4 181.0 180.9 -0.1

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 53.1 52.8 53.7 63.7 52.9 52.9 53.3 0.4

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 38.5 38.5 38.4 40.0 38.3 38.7 38.8 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.5 93.6 93.0 92.1 90.9 89.1 89.4 88.9 -0.5

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.3 279.7 281.0 283.5 354.1 279.0 277.9 275.9 -2.0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,713 6,919 6,890 6,888 6,484 6,645 6,668 6,679 11

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,450.4 1,505.2 1,499.0 1,498.0 1,412.8 1,460.4 1,462.7 1,464.5 1.8

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713.0 749.6 754.7 756.1 691.3 727.9 734.7 737.3 2.6

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737.4 755.6 744.3 741.9 721.5 732.5 728.0 727.2 -0.8

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,000.0 991.1 995.7 997.9 937.2 927.3 932.6 936.0 3.4

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,262.4 4,422.4 4,394.8 4,391.7 4,134.4 4,257.0 4,272.6 4,278.6 6.0

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,848.9 1,949.2 1,939.6 1,930.1 1,787.1 1,872.5 1,878.9 1,880.8 1.9

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,413.5 2,473.2 2,455.2 2,461.6 2,347.3 2,384.5 2,393.7 2,397.8 4.1

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,340 12,365 12,306 12,282 12,311 12,275 12,267 12,258 -9

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,748 7,705 7,670 7,662 7,745 7,669 7,662 7,657 -5

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.2 387.5 384.1 386.1 382.0 383.0 382.0 384.1 2.1

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.7 407.8 407.2 408.3 399.2 399.3 401.2 402.5 1.3

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386.5 372.7 372.5 371.4 386.6 372.8 372.2 371.4 -0.8

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,445.5 1,425.1 1,419.4 1,420.3 1,443.9 1,422.2 1,420.9 1,420.6 -0.3

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,107.7 1,083.0 1,077.7 1,072.8 1,107.8 1,080.0 1,079.0 1,072.8 -6.2

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,045.9 1,041.3 1,032.8 1,030.8 1,048.1 1,035.5 1,033.5 1,032.5 -1.0

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 161.5 163.7 162.2 161.8 161.4 161.8 162.3 162.7 0.4

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.7 84.7 83.9 83.8 86.7 84.5 84.1 83.9 -0.2

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365.4 361.9 357.4 356.1 366.5 359.7 357.9 356.6 -1.3

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397.4 396.2 394.4 393.9 398.7 394.6 394.2 394.1 -0.1

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.9 34.8 34.9 35.2 34.8 34.8 35.0 35.1 0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 384.1 382.7 382.8 381.7 383.9 381.3 382.5 382.2 -0.3

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,607.0 1,612.9 1,607.1 1,600.9 1,611.9 1,608.5 1,605.2 1,602.9 -2.3

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919.8 932.4 928.4 925.3 922.0 928.4 926.2 926.1 -0.1

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.3 392.0 387.7 388.7 386.7 387.9 386.8 388.0 1.2

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597.1 599.6 598.7 601.0 594.4 598.4 599.0 600.3 1.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,592 4,660 4,636 4,620 4,566 4,606 4,605 4,601 -4

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,517.5 1,575.1 1,556.5 1,549.3 1,501.7 1,538.3 1,533.6 1,535.9 2.3

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.2 112.3 111.6 111.9 115.1 112.4 112.2 112.2 0.0

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.9 115.3 116.6 115.1 117.1 115.1 116.7 114.3 -2.4

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.0 131.0 133.2 131.0 136.0 130.9 131.6 129.8 -1.8

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.5 372.0 369.2 367.5 373.1 370.4 369.1 368.2 -0.9

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 449.0 440.4 440.1 440.0 447.9 439.9 440.5 439.3 -1.2

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.9 117.9 117.0 118.1 116.3 115.6 115.6 115.4 -0.2

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.8 822.3 818.3 818.7 809.4 820.2 820.6 821.7 1.1

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687.9 693.5 690.8 685.1 687.3 690.4 690.4 688.2 -2.2

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.4 280.6 282.6 282.9 261.9 273.1 275.0 276.2 1.2

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,439 103,314 103,002 103,467 100,987 102,786 102,960 103,102 142

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,109 27,356 27,276 27,457 27,011 27,378 27,410 27,423 13

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,896.4 5,952.1 5,941.7 5,953.0 5,887.6 5,927.4 5,939.3 5,945.6 6.3

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,940.9 2,963.7 2,952.4 2,949.5 2,937.9 2,948.4 2,951.1 2,948.3 -2.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,049.4 2,073.5 2,076.5 2,088.5 2,044.0 2,066.4 2,075.5 2,083.5 8.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Change

from:

Sept.2016

-

Oct.2016p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906.1 914.9 912.8 915.0 905.7 912.6 912.7 913.8 1.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,759.2 15,965.5 15,839.4 15,994.0 15,702.4 15,971.5 15,993.7 15,992.6 -1.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,960.6 2,014.8 2,011.0 2,011.7 1,952.0 1,999.4 2,004.3 2,009.5 5.2

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,261.9 1,298.1 1,298.3 1,301.6 1,255.9 1,292.2 1,295.3 1,299.4 4.1

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.5 157.3 153.6 151.0 146.6 150.8 151.3 151.6 0.3

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 552.2 559.4 559.1 559.1 549.5 556.4 557.7 558.4 0.7

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 473.4 482.4 479.5 487.1 468.0 486.2 484.8 482.0 -2.8

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 536.3 514.8 518.1 517.8 528.3 524.6 525.5 514.6 -10.9

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,222.2 1,298.0 1,266.8 1,265.2 1,241.7 1,293.5 1,289.1 1,291.1 2.0

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,077.3 3,127.5 3,105.9 3,113.1 3,072.3 3,107.4 3,109.4 3,111.4 2.0

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,031.2 1,045.1 1,042.5 1,052.3 1,027.9 1,047.8 1,048.9 1,051.3 2.4

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912.3 938.6 936.6 933.9 910.3 923.0 930.9 931.5 0.6

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,385.0 1,372.0 1,340.6 1,358.8 1,369.6 1,372.5 1,381.4 1,365.8 -15.6

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621.7 615.6 612.0 622.4 616.4 627.8 625.8 627.0 1.2

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,153.3 3,172.5 3,155.6 3,224.5 3,165.9 3,209.3 3,217.5 3,227.3 9.8

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,314.0 1,294.4 1,280.7 1,315.6 1,326.9 1,320.0 1,322.9 1,325.7 2.8

Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . 1,839.3 1,878.1 1,874.9 1,908.9 1,838.9 1,889.3 1,894.7 1,901.6 6.9

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852.0 852.1 837.2 855.0 828.1 841.5 838.4 841.9 3.5

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533.9 532.1 533.6 552.2 521.9 538.5 537.7 539.2 1.5

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,892.9 4,871.4 4,930.7 4,945.9 4,860.5 4,915.0 4,911.9 4,919.4 7.5

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461.8 475.9 472.8 475.3 462.2 472.7 473.1 475.6 2.5

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236.4 217.4 217.0 217.0 236.5 216.8 216.3 216.7 0.4

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 65.0 62.6 60.5 62.6 62.5 61.7 60.6 -1.1

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,473.9 1,480.4 1,478.2 1,480.3 1,456.0 1,459.1 1,460.9 1,463.9 3.0

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.5 421.5 476.6 481.6 474.8 479.4 465.8 465.0 -0.8

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.0 48.0 47.7 47.7 50.0 48.0 47.9 47.7 -0.2

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 32.3 41.0 36.3 31.7 32.1 30.7 30.4 30.5 0.1

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 654.7 654.2 655.7 658.1 650.3 652.3 654.6 653.4 -1.2

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589.0 600.8 609.9 610.2 605.7 627.6 630.6 632.1 1.5

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839.3 867.2 873.9 883.5 830.3 865.9 870.6 873.9 3.3

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560.5 567.4 564.2 564.4 560.6 564.5 564.7 565.6 0.9

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,770 2,788 2,764 2,778 2,771 2,776 2,777 2,781 4

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 725.7 732.1 727.2 726.8 724.6 728.8 726.8 725.2 -1.6

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405.9 427.7 413.4 429.8 410.2 419.6 424.8 433.4 8.6

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279.2 276.6 276.4 277.1 278.5 277.5 276.7 276.7 0.0

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814.0 788.4 783.7 779.7 813.1 788.0 785.3 780.8 -4.5

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298.4 299.9 299.9 300.4 298.8 300.0 300.3 300.5 0.2

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.4 263.4 263.0 264.3 245.4 261.7 263.2 264.4 1.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,170 8,380 8,328 8,344 8,164 8,318 8,322 8,336 14

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,068.5 6,190.3 6,166.7 6,184.8 6,067.6 6,173.4 6,174.8 6,183.6 8.8

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 17.9 18.0 17.8 17.9 17.8 17.9 17.8 17.8 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,567.6 2,619.7 2,608.8 2,613.9 2,569.4 2,610.2 2,612.8 2,616.1 3.3

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,670.9 1,697.1 1,687.5 1,686.9 1,673.8 1,690.0 1,691.2 1,690.7 -0.5

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,260.4 1,272.0 1,265.6 1,263.2 1,263.8 1,267.9 1,268.0 1,266.1 -1.9

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 601.2 609.3 611.0 614.9 599.0 608.1 610.9 613.7 2.8

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 295.5 313.3 310.3 312.1 296.7 312.2 310.6 311.7 1.1

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 917.1 939.8 931.2 930.8 916.6 933.9 930.5 928.3 -2.2

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,565.9 2,612.8 2,608.9 2,622.2 2,563.8 2,611.4 2,613.7 2,621.4 7.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,101.1 2,190.1 2,161.5 2,158.8 2,095.9 2,144.1 2,147.5 2,151.9 4.4

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,533.5 1,594.7 1,580.2 1,584.0 1,529.4 1,569.0 1,574.2 1,578.4 4.2

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543.7 571.8 558.1 551.3 542.6 551.7 550.0 550.1 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Change

from:

Sept.2016

-

Oct.2016p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.9 23.6 23.2 23.5 23.9 23.4 23.3 23.4 0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,050 20,422 20,447 20,594 19,873 20,294 20,372 20,415 43

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,694.5 8,936.2 8,899.0 8,977.3 8,714.1 8,956.6 8,986.6 9,003.5 16.9

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,125.4 1,128.0 1,121.8 1,127.5 1,123.8 1,125.1 1,125.4 1,125.3 -0.1

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 938.7 960.5 959.6 975.4 998.3 1,026.2 1,033.1 1,036.6 3.5

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,431.6 1,460.8 1,447.8 1,454.5 1,423.0 1,443.3 1,444.9 1,447.9 3.0

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.7 145.8 143.4 146.2 136.1 145.3 144.9 145.0 0.1

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,952.5 2,020.2 2,008.6 2,032.5 1,945.7 2,009.1 2,016.0 2,024.3 8.3

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,294.5 1,352.9 1,361.4 1,379.2 1,282.8 1,349.7 1,364.9 1,369.6 4.7

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659.2 681.6 671.8 673.9 661.4 676.7 675.1 675.7 0.6

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 491.2 499.4 496.9 498.0 488.3 497.6 497.4 496.0 -1.4

Other professional and technical services. . . 663.7 687.0 687.7 690.1 654.9 683.7 684.8 683.0 -1.8

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,234.5 2,285.5 2,278.0 2,278.8 2,235.1 2,274.8 2,277.0 2,281.1 4.1

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,121.3 9,199.8 9,269.9 9,338.2 8,924.2 9,062.3 9,108.3 9,130.3 22.0

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,719.1 8,782.6 8,857.0 8,924.6 8,524.0 8,652.5 8,698.5 8,718.2 19.7

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.7 497.3 497.2 500.1 473.6 495.8 497.3 499.2 1.9

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.2 143.0 144.4 144.7 144.7 143.5 144.3 144.1 -0.2

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,696.4 3,620.2 3,713.5 3,763.9 3,579.8 3,592.3 3,626.9 3,635.0 8.1

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,018.1 2,942.2 3,025.1 3,071.4 2,918.5 2,920.1 2,951.1 2,957.5 6.4

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912.4 911.3 920.3 935.1 900.2 921.4 925.4 922.8 -2.6

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.4 207.7 205.1 204.6 203.4 205.4 204.8 205.0 0.2

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 885.4 902.6 904.5 909.7 872.9 900.0 897.2 900.4 3.2

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,081.8 2,176.3 2,141.6 2,131.0 2,035.1 2,069.1 2,074.8 2,082.0 7.2

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318.8 324.2 330.4 335.5 314.2 325.0 327.8 329.6 1.8

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402.2 417.2 412.9 413.6 400.2 409.8 409.8 412.1 2.3

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,470 22,424 22,731 23,060 22,270 22,770 22,809 22,861 52

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,642.2 3,217.5 3,518.6 3,740.3 3,482.6 3,543.6 3,560.0 3,573.5 13.5

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,827.9 19,206.3 19,211.9 19,319.9 18,786.9 19,226.8 19,248.6 19,287.7 39.1

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,261.9 15,608.7 15,604.4 15,675.5 15,232.6 15,588.1 15,617.4 15,647.9 30.5

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 6,973.3 7,167.1 7,172.1 7,227.7 6,951.7 7,160.6 7,184.1 7,202.6 18.5

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,566.7 2,619.3 2,622.3 2,639.7 2,560.1 2,618.1 2,626.1 2,629.6 3.5

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918.1 943.2 940.8 949.2 915.7 940.2 944.1 946.6 2.5

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 822.6 871.6 866.2 877.9 821.6 868.4 870.2 874.5 4.3

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754.4 785.7 789.7 795.6 753.8 785.7 790.6 794.8 4.2

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 259.7 258.9 258.0 260.5 261.1 259.2 259.5 260.4 0.9

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,356.0 1,393.5 1,400.6 1,409.4 1,346.8 1,395.6 1,400.2 1,404.2 4.0

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295.8 294.9 294.5 295.4 292.5 293.4 293.5 292.5 -1.0

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,979.8 5,101.5 5,107.8 5,121.3 4,973.0 5,098.7 5,104.5 5,117.2 12.7

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,308.8 3,340.1 3,324.5 3,326.5 3,307.9 3,328.8 3,328.8 3,328.1 -0.7

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,658.8 1,661.8 1,657.2 1,656.1 1,657.1 1,657.2 1,657.3 1,655.0 -2.3

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 607.8 614.6 612.7 613.5 607.6 612.8 613.2 614.2 1.0

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880.8 899.4 890.8 892.5 881.9 895.7 894.2 894.5 0.3

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 161.4 164.3 163.8 164.4 161.3 163.1 164.1 164.4 0.3

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,566.0 3,597.6 3,607.5 3,644.4 3,554.3 3,638.7 3,631.2 3,639.8 8.6

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,177.3 2,232.7 2,223.6 2,241.0 2,180.4 2,234.5 2,237.8 2,244.9 7.1

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 155.5 159.6 158.4 158.4 156.1 159.8 159.0 159.0 0.0

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 334.3 336.4 332.2 333.4 334.3 333.7 334.3 335.6 1.3

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898.9 868.9 893.3 911.6 883.5 910.7 900.1 900.4 0.3

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,233 16,209 15,756 15,516 15,261 15,548 15,555 15,565 10

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,150.4 2,533.0 2,299.7 2,186.3 2,185.0 2,248.3 2,226.9 2,230.8 3.9

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 471.9 514.0 494.1 469.4 465.1 482.9 467.4 464.6 -2.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Change

from:

Sept.2016

-

Oct.2016p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.3 171.7 159.6 158.3 154.1 159.5 158.3 158.1 -0.2

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,524.2 1,847.3 1,646.0 1,558.6 1,565.8 1,605.9 1,601.2 1,608.1 6.9

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,082.1 13,675.5 13,456.0 13,330.0 13,076.1 13,300.1 13,327.9 13,334.2 6.3

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,909.1 2,068.1 1,971.8 1,914.7 1,920.0 1,929.0 1,930.5 1,926.9 -3.6

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,173.0 11,607.4 11,484.2 11,415.3 11,156.1 11,371.1 11,397.4 11,407.3 9.9

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,637 5,735 5,700 5,718 5,637 5,702 5,715 5,721 6

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,287.2 1,286.2 1,283.8 1,290.9 1,282.7 1,283.7 1,285.2 1,289.9 4.7

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,411.5 1,443.5 1,446.2 1,446.4 1,411.9 1,439.5 1,445.8 1,446.8 1.0

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,938.4 3,005.7 2,970.1 2,980.7 2,941.9 2,978.6 2,983.9 2,983.9 0.0

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,405 21,125 22,143 22,600 22,027 22,213 22,216 22,235 19

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,750.0 2,805.0 2,805.0 2,801.0 2,752.0 2,797.0 2,803.0 2,815.0 12.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,156.9 2,195.6 2,194.0 2,191.7 2,157.5 2,184.9 2,188.3 2,199.4 11.1

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593.0 609.0 611.1 609.7 594.3 612.2 614.2 615.1 0.9

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,280.0 4,813.0 5,157.0 5,288.0 5,114.0 5,116.0 5,120.0 5,123.0 3.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,609.9 2,126.6 2,485.4 2,620.7 2,435.7 2,440.8 2,447.9 2,449.6 1.7

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,670.4 2,686.0 2,671.7 2,667.3 2,678.0 2,674.8 2,672.4 2,673.2 0.8

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,375.0 13,507.0 14,181.0 14,511.0 14,161.0 14,300.0 14,293.0 14,297.0 4.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,071.5 6,907.5 7,767.0 8,124.9 7,821.4 7,889.1 7,877.9 7,874.9 -3.0

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,303.9 6,599.7 6,414.1 6,386.3 6,339.7 6,410.9 6,414.6 6,421.9 7.3

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.3 34.4 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.4 40.1 40.3 40.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.1 43.0 43.5 44.3

Construction....................................................................... 39.5 38.8 39.2 39.2

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 40.6 40.7 40.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.2 39.8 39.9 40.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.4 33.2 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.6 34.2 34.3 34.2

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.9 39.0 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.4 30.8 30.8 30.8

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.9 38.6 38.8 38.6

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.3 42.5 43.1

Information......................................................................... 36.0 35.9 35.9 35.9

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.5 37.5 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.2 36.0 36.1 36.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.8 32.9 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.3 26.0 26.1 26.1

Other services..................................................................... 31.9 31.9 31.9 32.0

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Total private............................................... $25.21 $25.74 $25.82 $25.92 $869.75 $882.88 $888.21 $891.65

Goods-producing....................................... 26.38 27.00 27.11 27.22 1,065.75 1,082.70 1,092.53 1,099.69

Mining and logging.................................. 31.39 31.75 32.05 32.56 1,384.30 1,365.25 1,394.18 1,442.41

Construction.......................................... 27.51 28.24 28.31 28.39 1,086.65 1,095.71 1,109.75 1,112.89

Manufacturing........................................ 25.46 26.08 26.19 26.29 1,036.22 1,058.85 1,065.93 1,072.63

Durable goods.................................... 26.75 27.39 27.44 27.52 1,096.75 1,125.73 1,130.53 1,133.82

Nondurable goods................................ 23.22 23.84 24.04 24.17 933.44 948.83 959.20 966.80

Private service-providing.............................. 24.94 25.45 25.52 25.61 833.00 844.94 849.82 852.81

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.03 22.44 22.46 22.55 762.24 767.45 770.38 771.21

Wholesale trade.................................. 28.91 29.64 29.69 29.75 1,124.60 1,153.00 1,157.91 1,160.25

Retail trade........................................ 17.70 17.91 17.89 17.95 555.78 551.63 551.01 552.86

Transportation and warehousing............... 23.03 23.42 23.49 23.55 895.87 904.01 911.41 909.03

Utilities............................................. 37.53 38.35 38.33 39.10 1,598.78 1,622.21 1,629.03 1,685.21

Information........................................... 35.47 36.77 36.88 37.32 1,276.92 1,320.04 1,323.99 1,339.79

Financial activities................................... 31.70 32.49 32.60 32.61 1,191.92 1,218.38 1,222.50 1,219.61

Professional and business services.............. 30.30 30.90 30.97 31.07 1,096.86 1,112.40 1,118.02 1,124.73

Education and health services..................... 25.44 25.73 25.83 25.89 834.43 846.52 849.81 851.78

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.45 14.98 15.05 15.12 380.04 389.48 392.81 394.63

Other services....................................... 22.63 22.97 23.01 23.19 721.90 732.74 734.02 742.08

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2016 -

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2016 -

Oct.

2016p

Total private..................................... 104.4 105.4 105.8 106.0 0.2 125.8 129.6 130.6 131.3 0.5

Goods-producing............................. 90.1 89.5 90.1 90.3 0.2 107.5 109.3 110.4 111.1 0.6

Mining and logging........................ 108.9 92.0 92.9 94.4 1.6 137.3 117.3 119.6 123.4 3.2

Construction................................ 88.3 88.9 90.1 90.3 0.2 105.5 109.1 110.8 111.3 0.5

Manufacturing.............................. 90.1 89.7 89.8 90.0 0.2 106.7 108.7 109.4 110.0 0.5

Durable goods........................... 89.4 88.7 88.9 88.8 -0.1 106.2 107.9 108.3 108.6 0.3

Nondurable goods...................... 91.6 91.5 91.7 91.8 0.1 107.9 110.7 111.8 112.6 0.7

Private service-providing.................... 108.5 109.8 110.3 110.5 0.2 131.5 135.8 136.8 137.5 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 101.6 101.8 102.3 102.0 -0.3 120.5 123.0 123.6 123.8 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 99.9 100.6 101.1 101.2 0.1 120.6 124.4 125.2 125.6 0.3

Retail trade.............................. 100.2 99.9 100.1 100.1 0.0 117.2 118.3 118.3 118.7 0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 108.2 108.6 109.1 108.7 -0.4 126.5 129.1 130.0 129.9 -0.1

Utilities.................................... 103.3 103.3 103.8 105.5 1.6 128.1 130.9 131.5 136.3 3.7

Information................................. 91.1 91.0 91.0 91.2 0.2 115.1 119.2 119.6 121.2 1.3

Financial activities......................... 100.5 102.2 102.2 102.1 -0.1 124.3 129.5 130.0 129.9 -0.1

Professional and business services..... 113.1 114.9 115.7 116.2 0.4 138.9 143.8 145.1 146.3 0.8

Education and health services........... 119.3 122.3 122.5 122.8 0.2 145.9 151.3 152.2 152.9 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 114.5 115.3 115.8 115.9 0.1 133.5 139.4 140.7 141.4 0.5

Other services............................. 103.7 104.9 105.1 105.6 0.5 128.6 132.0 132.6 134.2 1.2

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Total nonfarm............................................. 70,404 71,835 71,892 71,966 49.4 49.7 49.7 49.6

Total private............................................ 57,797 59,043 59,137 59,210 47.9 48.2 48.2 48.2

Goods-producing.................................... 4,275 4,299 4,301 4,304 21.8 21.9 21.9 21.9

Mining and logging............................... 110 99 100 100 14.0 14.5 14.7 14.7

Construction....................................... 811 832 835 841 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.6

Manufacturing..................................... 3,354 3,368 3,366 3,363 27.2 27.4 27.4 27.4

Durable goods.................................. 1,801 1,800 1,800 1,798 23.3 23.5 23.5 23.5

Nondurable goods............................. 1,553 1,568 1,566 1,565 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0

Private service-providing........................... 53,522 54,744 54,836 54,906 53.0 53.3 53.3 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,939 11,155 11,163 11,159 40.5 40.7 40.7 40.7

Wholesale trade................................ 1,729.9 1,748.3 1,756.9 1,760.1 29.4 29.5 29.6 29.6

Retail trade..................................... 7,923.1 8,074.8 8,076.2 8,068.0 50.5 50.6 50.5 50.4

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,151.8 1,199.5 1,198.5 1,198.8 23.7 24.4 24.4 24.4

Utilities........................................... 134.2 131.9 131.2 131.7 23.9 23.4 23.2 23.3

Information......................................... 1,107 1,111 1,115 1,119 39.9 40.0 40.2 40.2

Financial activities................................ 4,659 4,733 4,739 4,741 57.1 56.9 56.9 56.9

Professional and business services............ 8,860 9,111 9,159 9,167 44.6 44.9 45.0 44.9

Education and health services.................. 17,138 17,566 17,576 17,622 77.0 77.1 77.1 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,881 8,080 8,082 8,095 51.6 52.0 52.0 52.0

Other services..................................... 2,938 2,988 3,002 3,003 52.1 52.4 52.5 52.5

Government............................................. 12,607 12,792 12,755 12,756 57.2 57.6 57.4 57.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Total private............................................................................... 99,387 100,779 100,931 101,037

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,124 14,088 14,098 14,092

Mining and logging.................................................................. 571 476 474 473

Construction.......................................................................... 4,891 5,013 5,032 5,039

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,662 8,599 8,592 8,580

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,338 5,261 5,255 5,252

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,324 3,338 3,337 3,328

Private service-providing.............................................................. 85,263 86,691 86,833 86,945

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,714 22,985 23,010 23,022

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,721.9 4,743.7 4,753.3 4,758.2

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,332.3 13,546.7 13,562.8 13,563.4

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,210.7 4,241.1 4,239.8 4,244.6

Utilities.............................................................................. 448.7 453.6 454.2 455.4

Information............................................................................ 2,249 2,236 2,234 2,242

Financial activities................................................................... 6,319 6,455 6,459 6,473

Professional and business services............................................... 16,299 16,590 16,670 16,707

Education and health services..................................................... 19,551 19,993 20,021 20,070

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,444 13,702 13,693 13,690

Other services........................................................................ 4,687 4,730 4,746 4,741

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.7 33.6 33.6 33.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.5 41.1 41.2 41.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.4 45.1 45.7 45.8

Construction....................................................................... 40.5 39.4 39.7 39.6

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.7 41.8 41.7 41.9

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.9 42.3 42.2 42.3

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.4 41.0 41.0 41.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.3 32.4 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.6 33.4 33.4 33.5

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.5 38.6 38.7 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.0 29.7 29.6 29.7

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.8 38.6 38.8 38.6

Utilities........................................................................... 42.1 42.5 42.7 43.3

Information......................................................................... 35.5 35.6 35.7 35.6

Financial activities................................................................ 37.2 36.9 36.9 36.9

Professional and business services............................................ 35.5 35.4 35.4 35.5

Education and health services.................................................. 32.1 32.2 32.2 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.0 24.8 24.9 24.9

Other services..................................................................... 30.7 30.8 30.8 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.4

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Total private............................................... $21.21 $21.62 $21.68 $21.72 $714.78 $726.43 $728.45 $729.79

Goods-producing....................................... 22.15 22.70 22.75 22.79 919.23 932.97 937.30 938.95

Mining and logging.................................. 26.65 27.03 27.03 27.04 1,209.91 1,219.05 1,235.27 1,238.43

Construction.......................................... 25.39 26.14 26.21 26.24 1,028.30 1,029.92 1,040.54 1,039.10

Manufacturing........................................ 20.06 20.56 20.57 20.62 836.50 859.41 857.77 863.98

Durable goods.................................... 21.08 21.57 21.57 21.58 883.25 912.41 910.25 912.83

Nondurable goods................................ 18.39 18.92 18.95 19.05 761.35 775.72 776.95 784.86

Private service-providing.............................. 21.01 21.40 21.46 21.50 680.72 691.22 695.30 696.60

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 18.82 18.99 19.07 19.08 632.35 634.27 636.94 639.18

Wholesale trade.................................. 23.80 24.23 24.36 24.37 916.30 935.28 942.73 947.99

Retail trade........................................ 15.01 14.99 15.02 15.01 450.30 445.20 444.59 445.80

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.80 20.99 21.10 21.10 807.04 810.21 818.68 814.46

Utilities............................................. 34.53 35.53 35.48 35.96 1,453.71 1,510.03 1,515.00 1,557.07

Information........................................... 29.10 30.26 30.37 30.45 1,033.05 1,077.26 1,084.21 1,084.02

Financial activities................................... 25.51 26.30 26.34 26.39 948.97 970.47 971.95 973.79

Professional and business services.............. 25.01 25.52 25.59 25.63 887.86 903.41 905.89 909.87

Education and health services..................... 22.27 22.55 22.58 22.63 714.87 726.11 727.08 728.69

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 12.50 12.93 12.98 13.00 312.50 320.66 323.20 323.70

Other services....................................... 19.14 19.28 19.30 19.40 587.60 593.82 594.44 597.52

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2016 -

Oct.

2016p

Oct.

2015

Aug.

2016

Sept.

2016p

Oct.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2016 -

Oct.

2016p

Total private..................................... 111.6 112.8 113.0 113.1 0.1 158.2 163.0 163.7 164.2 0.3

Goods-producing............................. 89.6 88.5 88.8 88.7 -0.1 121.5 123.0 123.6 123.8 0.2

Mining and logging........................ 137.8 114.1 115.1 115.1 0.0 213.5 179.3 181.0 181.0 0.0

Construction................................ 99.2 98.9 100.0 99.9 -0.1 136.0 139.6 141.6 141.6 0.0

Manufacturing.............................. 82.9 82.5 82.2 82.5 0.4 108.8 110.9 110.6 111.3 0.6

Durable goods........................... 84.0 83.6 83.3 83.5 0.2 110.6 112.6 112.2 112.5 0.3

Nondurable goods...................... 81.1 80.6 80.6 80.8 0.2 105.4 107.8 108.0 108.8 0.7

Private service-providing.................... 117.6 119.3 119.8 120.0 0.2 169.5 175.0 176.3 176.9 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 106.4 107.0 107.1 107.5 0.4 142.8 145.0 145.7 146.3 0.4

Wholesale trade......................... 107.1 107.8 108.3 109.0 0.6 150.1 153.9 155.5 156.5 0.6

Retail trade.............................. 101.2 101.8 101.6 102.0 0.4 130.2 130.8 130.8 131.2 0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 123.0 123.2 123.8 123.3 -0.4 162.3 164.1 165.7 165.1 -0.4

Utilities.................................... 96.6 98.6 99.2 100.8 1.6 139.2 146.2 146.9 151.4 3.1

Information................................. 91.1 90.9 91.0 91.1 0.1 131.3 136.1 136.9 137.3 0.3

Financial activities......................... 110.7 112.1 112.2 112.4 0.2 173.7 181.4 181.8 182.6 0.4

Professional and business services..... 129.7 131.6 132.3 132.9 0.5 193.0 199.9 201.4 202.7 0.6

Education and health services........... 133.8 137.2 137.4 137.8 0.3 196.7 204.3 204.8 205.8 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 123.1 124.5 124.9 124.9 0.0 174.8 182.8 184.1 184.3 0.1

Other services............................. 100.9 102.2 102.5 102.4 -0.1 140.7 143.5 144.2 144.8 0.4

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.