14

Table 7, WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED):
industry workers, by bargaining status, region, and area size

Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dac. 1994
Workers, by bargaining status
Union ... 115.7 118.6 119.1 08 09 0.4 3.0 3.3 29
Blue-collar occupations. 114.5 117.3 117.6 7 9 3 29 32 27
Goods-producing industries 1. 114.8 117.5 117.9 9 7 3 28 33 27
Service-producing industries 2 116.8 120.1 120.6 7 12 4 33 35 3.3
115.9 118.5, 119.2 Wt 6 6 3.0 34 28
115.7 118.3 118.9 Wd 6 5 29 3.4 28
115.5, 118.6 119.0 5 WwW 3 29 3.2 3.0
116.6 119.2 119.8 & 8 5 31 28 27
115.0 117.7 118.3 5 3 5 28 29 29
116.7 119.5 120.3 & 8 7 3.0 3.0 a4
116.6 119.0 119.5, 6 8&8 4 3.2 27 25
117.9 120.5 121.5 8 8 8 3.2 3.0 3.1
116.7 119.1 120.0 6 8B 8 26 27 28
116.1 118.7 119.1 5 8 3 3.0 28 26
117.3 120.0 120.2 4 1.0 2 3.2 27 25
116.0 118.5 119.1 6 9 5 29 28 27
116.5 119.5 120.1 1d 1.0 5 3.6 3.7 34
115.7 118.1 119.0 3 2 8 26 24 29
Workers, by area size
Metropolitan areas ... | 116.5 119.1 119.7 6 8 5 3.2 28 27
Other areas ... -| 115.8 118.6 119.0 7 4 3 27 34 28
1 includes and manufacturing. Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest—Ilinois, indiana,

2 mining, construction,
Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail
trage; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast—Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsyivania, Rhode Island,
and Vermont; South—Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,

South

Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma,

lowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South
Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West-Alaska, Arizona, Califomia, Colorado, Hawaii,
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and ‘Wyoming.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the
aggregate, occupation, and industry series.


Table 1. SEASONALLY ADJUSTED:
industry and occupational group

Employment Cost Index for total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefit costs, by

Indexes (June
Percent changes for 3-months ended
Series 1989=100)
Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1993 | June 1993 Sep. 1993 } Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994 Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
” COMPENSATION
Civilian workers ... 123.0 123.8 09 0.9 0.8 08. 07 08 0.8 07
State and local government.........] 124.6 125.4 7 8 5 7 9 8 6 6
Private industry workers 122.8 123.6 1.0 9 8 8 8 8. 8&8 7
White-collar occupations 123.4 124.3 1.0 8 a a 8 9 7 7
Blue-collar occupations 122.2 122.9 1.0 9 9 8 5 7 a) 6
Service occupations .... 121.9 123.0 9 a) 7 & 8 5 7 9
Goods-producing industries 1...) 123.7 124.5 12 a 8 8 7 1.0 8 6
Construction 121.2 121.1 8 7 7 2 16 at 1.0 .
124.5 125.4 14 1.0 8 8 & 9 9 7
125.1 126.0 15 1.0 & a 5 9 1 7
123.3 124.1 9 a 8 7 7 9 & 6
122.1 122.9 3 8 a a 7 7 8 7
121.3 122.4 8 1.0 7 a 1 5 13 9
120.8 121.4 1.0 5 5 a 3 Wa 1.2 5
120.2 120.3 Ww A 6 a 7 9 11 a
118.5, 118.9 12 4 23 6 Ww 0 7 3
125.8 126.7 8 a a) 8 8 7 & 7
Nonmanufacturing industries ...] 122.2 122.8 8 9 a 8 8 8 8 5
WAGES AND SALARIES
Civilian workers ..... oo 119.6 120.3 08 07 08 0.7 07 08 08 06
State and local government .... 122.2 123.2 7 7 5 7 8 7 8
Private industry workers... 119.1 119.8 8 6° a9 7 8 a) 7 6
White-collar occupations... 120.1 120.9 8 7 1.0 9 6 8 7 7
Blue-collar occupations 3 117.5, 118.0 8 6 8 6 7 8 9 4
Service occupations .. 117.6 118.8 5 6 5 4 9 5 6 1.0
Goods-producing industries 1.3 | 118.9 119.6 9 6 z 7 7 a 8 6
Construction 114.3 114.9 5 me) 6 3 1.0 1.0 7 5
Manufacturing 3 120.0 120.8 9 7 7 a) 6 8 8 7
Durables 3 .. 119.8 120.8 9 & 7 Ww 5 8 a) 8
Nondurables... 120.4 121.0 8 7 6 7 4 9 2 5
Service-producing industries 2 119.1 119.7, 7 7 1.0 8 6 7 8 5
‘Transportation and public
utilities ..... 118.8 119.7 9 o 6 8 8 7 14 8
Wholesale trade 119.0 119.8 6 5 3 1.0 A 1.2 a 7
Retail trade ... 117.7 118.0 8 5 6 9 3 1.0 9 3
Finance, insurance, and real
estate 3 113.8 114.2 9 0 27 5 7 “4 5 4
Services .. 122.1 123.0 7 8 8 7 9 7 5 7
Nonmanufacturing industries ..) 118.6 119.2 & 7 1.0 7 6 8 8 5

‘See footnotes at end of table.


18

comparable to those for the aggregate, industry, and occupation series. A fuller explanation of the
calculation of index numbers appears in an article, "Estimation procedures for the Employment

Cost Index," in the May 1982 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

Beginning with the March 1990 ECI release, indexes were rebased to June 1989=100. A
description of the rebasing is included in the article "Employment Cost Index Rebased to June
1989," in the April 1990 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

Beginning with the December 1990 ECI release, seasonally adjusted data are available for
selected ECI series. Seasonal adjustment removes the effects of events that follow a more or less
regular pattern each year. These adjustments make nonseasonal patterns easier to spot. ECI series
are seasonally adjusted using either direct or composite seasonally adjusted estimates. Industry and
occupational series, such as construction and service occupations, are adjusted directly. More
aggregate series, such as civilian or private industry workers, use composite estimates. The
composite estimates could be obtained by aggregating either the industry or the occupational
components, and the results may differ depending on which method is used. The aggregate
seasonally adjusted ECI series are estimated by aggregating the component seasonally adjusted
industry series, so they are not necessarily a weighted average of the component occupation series.

The.costs per hour worked of compensation components, based on March 1993 data from
the ECT, are published in a separate news release titled "Employer Costs for Employee
Compensation - March 1994." A description of the cost levels is provided in the article "Analyzing
employers’ costs for wages, salaries, and benefits" in the October 1987 issue of the
Review. The cost levels, which are published annually in mid-June, are calculated with current
employment weights, rather than the fixed 1980 Census weights used in computing the ECI.
Therefore, year-to-year changes in the cost levels will usually differ from those in the ECI.

More detailed information on the ECI is available in several sources. These include an

annual bulletin, Em le: ind 1 -94, (Bulletin 2447); a chapter in the

bo Me Gulletin 2414), "The Employment Cost Index;" and several articles
published in the ithh Review. ‘The annual bulletin is available from the Superintendent
of Documents, U:S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Publications Sales Center, P.O. Box 2145, Chicago, Hlinois 60690. Reprints of the
articles plus other descriptive pieces and a complete historical listing are available upon request.
ECT historical data are also available on data diskettes.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon
tequest. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, Telecommunications Device for the Deaf (TDD) phone: 202-
606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone Number: 1-800-326-2577. :


Table 4. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUST! ED):
workers, by bargaining status, region, and area size

J}: Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
Workers, by bargaining status
Union ....... ee | 120.9 123.8 124.2 08 07 0.3 43 32 27
Blue-collar occupations .... 120.6 123.1 123.4 8 6 2 44 28 23
Goods-producing industries 1 121.9 124.4 124.7 . 7 5 2 47 28 23
Service-producing industries 2 119.6 122.9 123.6 8 9 6 3.8 3.6 33
Manufacturing ....... 123.0 125.3 125.8 9 4 4 5.2 28 23
Blue-collar occupations 122.9 125.4 125.6 3 4 4 5.2 27 22
Nonmanufacturing 119.3 122.6 123.0 7 a) 3 3.6 35 34
119.5 122.7 123.2 6 8 4 35 3.3 34
118.2 121.7 121.9 rm Ww 2 34 3.3 34
Goods-producing industries 1 .. 119.9 123.6 124.1 4 8 4 34 35 3.5
Service-producing industries 2 119.2 122.2 122.7 7 a) 4 3.5 3.2 _ 29
Manufacturing ...... 120.6 124.0 124.8 5 a & 3.6 33 3.5
Blue-collar occupations 119.9 123.0 123.5 4 9 4 3.2 3.0 3.0
Nonmanufacturing .... 119.0 122.2 122.5 6 9 2 3.4 3.3 29
Workers, by region 3
120.7 124.0 124.3 4 1.0 2 3.7 3.2 3.0
118.8 121.8 122.5, 6 8 & 3.5 3.1 34
121.2 124.6 125.0 9 8 3 44 37 34
118.1 121.3 121.7 3 7 3 28 3.0 3.0
119.8 122.9 123.4 & 8 4 3.6 32 3.0
119.7 123.2 123.5 8 6 2 35 3.8 3.2

2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
2 includes transportation, communication, and public utities; wholesale and

retail

Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest—ilinols, indiana,
lowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,

trage; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries,
‘The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast—Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsyivania, Rhode Island,
and Vermont; South—Alabama,- Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South

Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West—Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii,
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and ‘Wyoming.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the
‘aggregate, occupation, and industry series,


Table 2, COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, civilian and state and
local government workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Dec. 1993 Sep. 1994 | Dac. 1994
Civilian workers... 120.2 123.3 123.8 0.6 1.0 04 35 3.2 3.0
Excluding sates .. 120.5 123.7 124.2 6 Ww 4 35 3.3 34
Workers, by occupational group
White-coliar occupations .. | 120.6 123.9 124.4 & Ww 4 3.4 3.3 3.2
Excluding sales .. 121.2 124.5 125.1 6 Ww 5 34 3.3 3.2
Professional speci 122.5 125.7 126.2 4 12 4 29 3.0 3.0
Executive, administrative, and
managerial .... 119.4 122.9 123.6 7 WA 6 38 3.6 35
Administrative support, including
clerical ...... 121.3 124.6 125.2 7 a) 5 3.9 35 32.
Blue-collar occupations 119.4 122.4 122.7 5 a 2 3.6 3.0 28
Service occupations ......... 120.5 123.5 124.3 5 Ww 6 3.3 3.0 3.2
Workers, by industry division
Goods-producing 1... 120.6 123.9 124.4 5 7 4 38 3.3 3.2
Manufacturing ... 121.3 124.4 125.1 & 7 6 41 32 3.1
Service-producing 120.0 123.1 123.6 6 1.2 4 3.3 32 3.0
ic 122.9 125.8 126.4 6 13 5 34 29 28
125.4 127.8 128.5 8 e:] 5 3.4 27 25
125.0 127.5 128.4 9 9 7 3.3 29 27
122.9 126.0 126.4 2 19 3 27 28 28
120.0 123.7 124.2 6 12 4 32 3.7 35
119.8 123.0 123.4 5 Ww 3 3.3 32 3.0
‘State and local goverment workers ..........| 121.9 125.0 125.6 4 15 5 28 3.0 3.0
Workers, by occupational group .
White-collar occupations ....... 121.9 124.9 125.5 3 1.6 5 25 28 3.0
Professional specialty and technical ...} 122.0 125.0 125.5 2 1.9 4 23 27 29
Executive, administrative, and
121.6 124.7 125.3 5 Ww 5 3.2 341 * 3.0
a 121.6 124.9 125.6 5 13 6 26 3.2 3.3
Blue-collar occupations .. 121.4 124.2 124.7 7 1.2 4 31 3.1 27
Service occupations ... 122.4 126.0 126.6 6 17 5 3.5 38 37
Workers, by industry division
Services .... woes 122.6 125.6 126.1 3 1.8 4 25 28 29
Excluding schools 3 121.9 124.9 125.6 4 1.3 6 28 29 3.0
Health services .. 123.1 127.2 127.7 7 1.6 4 34 41 3.7
Hospitals .. 123.3 127.0 127.7 141 2.0 6 3.3 41 3.6
Educational services .. 122.7 125.5 126.0 3 1.9 4 25 26 27
122.9 125.9 126.3 3 2.0 3 25 28 28
123.6 126.3 126.5 5 2.0 2 24 27 23
120.7 124.5, 125.5 oa 2.0 8 3.0 34 4.0
Public administration 120.0 123.7 124.2 6 1.2 4 3.2 3.7 35
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. trade: finance, insurance, and real estate; service industries; and public administration.
2 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail Formerly called hospitals and other services.


Table 1. SEASONALLY ADJUSTED: Employment Cost Index tor total compensation, wages and salaries,

industry and occupational group — Continued

and benefit costs, by

Indexes (June
Ser 1989=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended
aries:
Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1993 | June 1993 Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994 Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
BENEFIT COSTS
Civilian WOrk@rS oss. 132.2 133.1 15 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.9 09 09 -- 07
State and local goverment .......] 129.8 130.3 6 1.0 3 a 8 12 4 4
Private industry workers 132.8 133.8 15 14 9 11 9 1.0 1.0 8
132.8 134.0 14 1d 9 at 1.4 Ww WW a
132.5, 133.2 2.0 15 a WW 5 8 a 5
134.2 135.0 2.0 15 9 1.0 & 4 8 &
134.7 135.8 24 15 9 1.0 8&8 1.0 ci 8
133.9 135.3 24 17 Ww 1.0 2 dt 9 1.0
Service-producing industries 2 131.2 132.0 12 Ww 1.0 12 1.0 9 1.2 6
Nonmanufacturing industries 132.2 132.9 Wt 1.2 1.0 WW 1.3 9 11 5

2 Includes mining, construction, and manut

includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

im

finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

No identifiable seasonality was found for this series.


Table 3. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry
workers, by industry and occupational group — Continued

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
117.8 120.6 1215 1.0 08 07 3.0 34 3.1
118.7 121.3, 122.0 a 8 & 3.3 3.1 2.8
116.8 120.4 120.1 5 1.0 “2 3.0 36 28
116.3 118.7 119.3 7 6 5 26 28 26
118.3 120.3 120.0 1.0 2 2 28 27 14
Finance, insurance, and real estate 116.4 118.5 118.9 & 7 3 46 24 24
Excluding sales occupations ... 118.2 121.5, 121.8 6 1.0 2 46 3.4 3.0
Banking, savings and loan, and other
117.8 120.8 120.5 8 1.2 “2 57 3.3 23
119.7 121.5 122.3 2.0 8 7 3.9 35 22
122.7 126.0 126.5 _7 8 4 47 34 34
123.1 125.9 126.6 7 8 6 35 29 28
118.6 122.4 123.0 4 2 5 23 36 37
126.0 127.9 128.7 8 & 6 3.4 23 24
125.6 127.7 128.6 a 5 7 3.3 2.6 24
- - - a 6 5 39 37 3.3
124.1 128.2 128.4 2 22 2 34 3.6 35
Colleges and universities .. 125.3 128.5 128.8 2 2.0 2 37 28 28
Nonmanufacturing industries 119.0 122.3 122.6 5 9 2 34 33 3.0
White-collar occupations 119.9 123.1 123.5 8 8 3 36 34 3.0
121.4 124.7 125.1 8 a 3 38 3.6 3.0
117.4 120.5, 120.5 4 12 0 3.3 3.3 29
Service occupations .. 119.1 121.3 122.4 4 5 9 29 23 28
1 This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly 8 Includes transportation, communication, and public utties; wholesale and retail
Earpings index, which was discontinued in January 1969. trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. ~ Data not available.


United States
Department
of Labor

Washington, DC. 20212

Y

News

Bureau of Labor Statistics

Technical, historical contact: USDL: 95-28

Wayne Shelly 202/606-6199

TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN
THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL

8:30 A.M. (EST), TUESDAY, JAN. 31, 1995

Media contact:
Kathryn Hoyle 202/606-5902

EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX -- DECEMBER 1994

The Employment Cost Index (ECT) increased 0.4 percent before seasonal adjustment in the 3 months
ended in December 1994, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The
December 1994 ECT level of 123.8 (June 1989=100) was 3.0 percent higher than in December 1993. The ECI
measures changes in compensation costs, including wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

Quarterly changes, seasonally adjusted ;

: On a seasonally adjusted basis, ECI compensation costs rose 0.7 percent in the September-December
1994 period, compared: with 0.8 percent in the June-September 1994 period. (See table A below.) ECI wages
and salaries rose 0.6 percent in the September-December 1994 period, down from the 0.8 percent increase for

the June-September 1994 period. Benefit costs rose 0.7 percent, down from 0.9 percent in June-September
1994 and the lowest quarterly increase since March 1987. .

Table A. Percent changes in Employment Cost Index for civilian workers

Seasonally adjusted 3-months ended Unadjusted
Compensation Mar. June Sep. Dec. | Mar. June Sep. Dec. |12-months ended
component 19931993 19931993 | 1994 1994 1994 _ 1994 Dec..1994
Compensation costs... 0.9 - 09 08 08 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 3.0
Wages and salaries...} 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 08 0.6 2.8
Benefit costs............. 15 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 3.4

seasonal factors for 1995 will be p

Compensation and Working Conditions

This release includes annual revisions in seasonally adjusted Employment Cost Indexes for
compensation costs, wages and salaries, and benefit costs. Seasonally adjusted indexes for
1990-94 were revised to reflect updated seasonal factors and are available upon request. The
ublished in the March 1995 issue of the BLS periodical,



12

Table 6. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED):
industry workers, by industry and occupational group

Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec, 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dac. 1994 | Dac. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
Private industry workers 116.4 119.1 119.7 06 0.8 O5 3.1 29 28
i 116.6 119.4 120.0 6 9 5 3.0 3.0 29
117.5 120.2 120.8 7 8 5 3.3 3.0 28
118.2 121.0 121.7 7 9 6 3.3 34 3.0
119.5, 122.2 123.0 5 7 7 3.0 28 29
Executive, administrative, and .
managerial 117.0 120.0 120.5 7 1.0 4 34 3.3 3.0
SalOS ..cccssee 116.5 116.7 8 3 2 3.6 24 17
Administrative « ‘Support, including clerical | 118.0 120.9 121.6 8 8 & 3.5 32 34
Blue-coliar occupations 114.8 117.5 118.0 & 9 “4 29 3.0 28
Precision production, crat 114.7 117.8 117.9 4 Ww 2a 29 3.2 28
Machine operators, assemblers, .
and 115.6 118.0 118.8 8 7 7 28 29 28
‘Transportation and material moving 112.6 115.2 115.6 8 WW 3 26 34 27
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers ... 115.7 117.9 118.9 7 5 8 28 26 28
Service occupations ... eee 115.3. 117.6 118.8. 3 7 1.0 24 23 3.0
Production and ronsupervisory
occupations 1 115.9 118.5 119.1 5 9 5 29 28 28
Goods-producing industries 2 .. 116.1 118.9 119.6 7 8 6 29 34 3.0
Excluding sales occupations 115.6 118.4 119.1 6 a 6 27 3.0 3.0
118.2 121.1 122.0 8 7 7 3.5 32 32
116.8 119.8 120.8 3 8 8 27 29 34
114.9 117.5 118.1 7 8 5 27 3.0 28
116.9 120.1 119.7 1.0 2.0 3 3.4 3.8 24
W441 114.6 114.7 +2 ze) a 2.0 3.0 32
117.3 120.0 120.8 & 8 7 3.2 32 3.0
118.8 121.7 122.7 3 a 8 3.7 3.4 3.3
117.2 120.2 121.4 A a 1.0 28 3.0 3.6
116.2 118.7 119.5 a 8 7 27 3.0 28
117.3 120.6 120.6 Wd 2.0 0 3.4 4.0 28
117.2 119.8 120.8 Wd 9 8 34 34 34
117.5, 120.3 120.8 5 7 4 28 29 28
‘Service-producing industries 3 116.6 119.2 119.7 6 8 4 32 28 27
Excluding sales occupations .. 117.4 120.2 120.7 7 1.0 4 3.3 34 28
White-collar: opations - 117.3 119.9 120.4 7 8 4 3.3 29 26
Excluding sales .... ee 118.7 121.5 122.1 8 a 5 3.5 34 29
Blue-collar ‘occupations . 114.6 117.5, 117.6 4 WwW a 3.2 3.0 26
Service occupations .. 115.2, 117.3 118.7 3 5 1.2 2.0 24 3.0
‘Transportation and public utilities 115.4 118.9 119.6 6 15 6 3.2 37 3.6
Transportation .. “113.4 116.7 117.5 7 17 7 3.2 3.6 3.6
Public utilities 117.9 121.4 122.3 6 Ww 7 3.3 3.6 37
Communications 117.1 121.0 122.1 5 1.3 9 3.2 3.9 43
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 118.8 121.9 122.4 5 & 4 3.5 3.1 3.0
Wholesale and retail trade ... 115.4 118.3 118.4 6 8 A 28 34 2.6
Excluding sales occupations 116.1 118.7 118.8 8 8 a 34 3.0 23

‘See footnotes at end of table.



Table 5. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED):
and state and local government workers,

W

: Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, civilian

by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dac. 1994 | Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
Civilian workers. .... 117.1 119.8 120.4 0.6 1.0 05 34 29 28
Excluding sales 117.2 120.1 120.7 5 WW 5 29 3.0 3.0
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations 118.1 120.8 121.5 6 a 6 31 29 29
Excluding sales 118.7 121.5 122.2 6 141 6 3.1 3.0 29
Professional specialty and technical...) 120.0 122.8 123.5, 4 1.2 6 28 28 29
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 117.3 120.2 120.8 7 1.0 5 3.3 32 3.0
118.0 120.9 121.6 8 9 6 3.3 3.2 3.4
115.0 117.8 118.2 5 e) 3 28 3.0 28
116.6 119.4 120.4 4 41 8 25 28 3.3
116.2 119.0 119.6 7 8 5 29 3.1 29
117.3 120.0 120.8 3 8 7 32 32 3.0
117.5, 120.2 120.7 & Ww 4 31 29 27
120.0 122.8 123.5, 4 1.2 6 28 28 29
122.2 124.4 125.4 7 8 8 3.0 25 26
121.7 124.0 124.9 8 8 7 3.1 27 26
120.7 123.8 124.3 2 24 4 27 28 3.0
Public administration 116.6 119.9 120.6 6 1.2 6 26 35 34
117.0 119.7 120.2 5 1.0 4 3.0 28 27
State and local government workers ..... 119.7 122.8 123.4 3 17 5 27 29 3.4
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations. 119.9 122.9 123.6 3 Ww & 26 28 34
Professional specialty an | 120.7 123.6 124.2 2 1.9 5 26 27 29
Executive, administrative, and
managerial ....... 118.8 121.6 122.4 5 WwW 7 29 29 3.0
Administrative support, including
clerical ... 117.8 120.9 121.7 5 13 7 25 3.2 33
Blue-collar occupations 119.0 121.8 122.5 5 14 & 29 29 29
Service occupations .. 118.9 122.7 123.3 5 19 5 29 37 3.7
120.6 123.6 124.2 2 19 5 26 27 3.0
120.4 123.2 124.0 2 Wt & 2.6 26 3.0
121.0 124.7 125.3 5 15 5 3.1 3.6 3.6
120.7 124.2 125.1 7 1.8 7 34 3.6 36
120.6 123.6 124.2 2 21 5 26 27 3.0
Schools .... sen 120.7 123.8 124.3 3 21 4 27 29 3.0
Elementary and secondary 121.6 124.5 124.9 4 22 3 2.6 28 27
Colleges and universities 117.7 121.5 122.5 ol 1.9 8 3.0 3.4 41
Public administration 116.6 119.9 120.6 6 1.2 6 26 35 3.4
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. trae; finance, insurance, and real estate; service industries; and public administration.

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

Formerly called hospitals and other services.


Table 3. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation,

workers, by industry and occupational group

Private industry

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
. Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
119.8 123.0 123.5 0.6 08 0.4 3.6 3.3 3.1
120.2 123.4 123.9 6 9 A 3.7 33 34
120.2 123.5 124.1 7 8 5 3.7 3.4 3.2
121.0 124.4 125.1 7 3 6 3.8 3.5 3.4
122.9 126.3 126.8 & 8 4 33 3.4 3.2
Executive, administrative, and
118.9 122.6 123.3 7 Ww 6 3.8 3.8 37
116.5 119.2 119.6 8 3 3 3.5 34 27
trative support, including clerical 121.2 124.5 125.1 7 8 5 41 35 “32
Blue-collar occupations .. 119.3 122.3 122.6 5 e) 2 37 3.0 28
Precision production, cra! repair 118.9 122.5 122.5 2 Ww 0 34 3.2 3.0
Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors ....... 120.8 122.9 123.4 7 6 4 43 24 22
Transportation and material moving 117.0 120.3 120.6 x) 1.0 2 35 38 34
Handlers, equipment cleaners, .
helpers, and laborers .... 119.1 122.7 122.9 6 Ww 2 33 3.6 3.2
Service occupations ... 119.5 121.8 122.9 5 7 9 34 24° 28
Production and nonsupervisory
‘occupations 1 os 119.7 122.6 123.1 6 8 4 3.6 3.0 28
Goods-producing industries 2 ... 120.6 123.9 124.3 6 7 3 3.9 3.3 34
Excluding sales occupations 120.1 123.5 124.0 4 8 4 3.6 3.3 32
White-coliar occupations .. 121.1 125.1 125.9 5 & & * 3.8 3.8 4.0
Excluding sales .... | 119.9 124.1 125.0 2 7 7 3.2 37 43
Blue-collar occupations: 120.2 123.1 123.4 5 7 2 3.8. 29 27
‘Service occupations . 122.4 126.5 126.3 7 22 +2 42 41 3.2
116.5 121.4 120.8 3 10 5 24 3.9 37
121.3 124.4 125.1 & 7 & 41 3.2 34
121.3 124.9 126.0 7 8 9 4.0 37 3.9
119.9 123.6 124.9 3 9 Wa 35 3.4 42
121.3 124.0 124.5 7 6 4 42 29 2.6
122.7 127.0 127.0 8 23 0 43 44 3.5
121.9 125.1 125.8 7 V1 & 45 3.4 3.2
120.3 123.2 123.8 5 3 5 34 29 29
‘Service-producing industries 3 119.3 122.3 122.8 7 a 4 3.6 3.2 29
Excluding sales occupations .. wee} 120.2 123.3 123.8 8 1.0 4 3.7 34 3.0
White-collar occupations anes 119.8 122.9 123.4 7 8 4 35 3.3 3.0
Excluding sales 121.4 124.6 125.1 8 1.0 4 3.9 35 3.0
Blue-collar occupations ..... 117.2 120.6 120.7 5 1.3 a 3.5 3.4 3.0
Service occupations 119.1 121.3 122.5 4 5 1.0 29 23 29
Transportation and public utilities 117.5 121.4 122.1 6 1.3 & 35 3.9 3.9
Transportation .. 115.7 119.7 120.3 8 17 5 3.5 43 4.0
Public utilities .... 119.9 123.6 124.4 & 8 6 37 37 38
Communications 119.2 122.9 124.0 6 7 9 3.9 3.7 40
Electric, gas, and sanitary services . 120.8 124.4 124.8 5 1.0 3 3.5 3.5 3.3
Wholesale and retail trade ... 74 120.5 120.6 6 a a 3.0 3.5 3.0
Excluding sales occupations .. 118.0 120.9 120.9 9 9 0 34 3.3 25

‘See footnotes at end of table.


4

Employment Cost Index

Chart A. Changes in wages and salaries and
| benefit costs, private industry

Wages & salaries Benefits

12-month percent change
wr

12

Chart B. Changes in compensation, seasonally
adjusted and not seasonally adjusted,
private industry
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted

3-month percent change
3.5 i

"a
25

2
15E

1
0.5

FOREN PEWS PEWS EWEN EOWT POPE VES FETT PORN FETT FETT OTT PET

88 90 92 94

0
80 82 8 86 8&8 99 92 94

Chart C. Changes in compensation by
industry sector, private industry

12-month percent change
14+

122-

107

Chart D. Changes in compensation, by bargaining
status, private industry
Union Nonunion

12-month percent change
14h

12

10

6r 6
4r 4
26 2
0 TPSWE Sew SWS EWES PEWS FEDS EUSS FUSS SUES PUTS STOS FYE? FETT FTE

80 82 84 86 88 9 92 94

Bureau of Labor Statistics, Division of Employment Cost Trends, January 1995, 202/606-6199



Table 8. BENEFITS (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED)

private industry workers,

15

): Employment Cost Index for benefits only, civilian, state and local, and
by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
. Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
Civilian workers ... 128.1 132.3 132.5 05 1.0 0.2 46 3.8 34
‘State and local goverment workers: 127.0 130.3 130.5 & 14 2 29 3.2 28
Private industry workers .... 128.3 132.8 133.0 5 8 2 5.0 4.0 3.7
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations 127.6 132.8 133.3 6 3 4 46 47 45
Blue-collar occupations 128.9 132.7 132.5 4 o) 2 5.5 3.3 28
Service occupations 131.5 134.2 134.7 8 8 4 55 28 24
Workers, by industry division
Goods-producing industries 1 .. 130.3 134.8 134.8 ‘ 2 7 o 5.6 37 35
Service-producing industries 2 126.7 131.2 131.5, 8 12 2 45 44 3.8
Manufacturing .. 130.0 133.9 134.3 2 7 3 6.0 32° | 3.3
Nonmanufacturing 127.4 132.2 132.3 7 WwW A 44 45 38
Workers, by bargaining status
Union workers ... 130.6 133.3 133.7 7 3 3 66 28 24
Nonunion workers 127.4 132.6 132.7 Ww 1 43 45 42

1 inctudes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

2 includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

‘trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not
‘aggregate, occupation, and industry series.

strictly comparable to those for the


17

EXPLANATORY NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) is a measure of the change in the cost of labor, free from
the influence of employment shifts among occupations and industries. The compensation series
includes changes in wages and salaries and employer costs for employee benefits. The wage and
salary series and the benefit cost series provide the change for the two components of
compensation.

Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage rate or, for workers not paid
on an hourly basis, straight-time earnings divided by the corresponding hours. Straight-time wage
and salary rates are total earnings before payroll deductions, excluding premium pay for overtime
and for work on weekends and holidays, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses such as
lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases. Production bonuses, incentive earnings,
commission payments, and cost-of-living adjustments are included in straight-time wage and salary
tates. .

Benefits covered by the ECLare: Paid leave (vacations, holidays, sick leave, and other
leave); supplemental pay (premium pay for overtime, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses
such as lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases); insurance benefits (life, health,
and sickness and accident); retirement and savings benefits (pension and other retirement plans and
savings and thrift plans); legally required benefits (social security, railroad retirement and
supplemental retirement, railroad unemployment insurance, Federal and State unemployment

" insurance, workers’ compensation, and other legally required benefits such as State temporary
disability); and other benefits (severance pay and supplemental unemployment plans).

The ECI provides data for the civilian economy, which includes the total private economy
and the public sector--excluding farms, households, and the Federal government. The private
industry series and the State and local government series provide data for the two sectors separately.

Each quarter, straight-time average hourly wage and salary rates and benefit cost data
(cents-per-hour-worked) are collected from a probability sample of nearly 22,000 occupations
within over 4,200 sample establishments in Private industry and nearly 7,000 occupations within
1,000 sample establishments in State and local governments. Data are collected for the pay period
including the 12th day of the survey months of March, June, September, and December.

The sample establishments are classified in industry categories based on the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC),‘as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

Within an establishment, specific job categories are selected to represent broader
occupational definitions. Since June 1986, the jobs have been classified according to definitions
used in the 1980 Census. Prior to June 1986, they were classified according to the 1970 Census.
Differences between the two classification systems are slight, as indicated in the article
"Introducing new weights for the Employment Cost Index," in the June 1985 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.

Fixed employment weights are used each quarter to calculate the most aggregate indexes--
civilian, private, and State and local governments. These fixed weights are also used to derive all of
the industry and occupation series indexes. Since June 1986, employment counts from the 1980
Census have been used as weights. Prior to June 1986, employment counts from the 1970 Census
were used,

For the series based on bargaining status, region, or area size, employment data are not
available from the Census. The employment weights are reallocated within these series each
quarter based on the current ECI sample. The indexes for these series, consequently, are not strictly


3

Compensation cost gains over the year ended in December 1994 were higher for nonunion workers (3.1
percent) than for union workers (2.7 percent). Goods- and service-producing industries showed very different
patterns, however. For goods-producing industries, compensation costs rose 3.5 percent for nonunion workers
and 2.3 percent for union workers. Corresponding figures for service-producing industries were 2.9 percent
and 3.3 percent.

Beginning with the March 1995 news release, ECI estimates will be based on 1990 counts of
occupational employment by industry, rather than on 1980 employment counts.

BLS Data Now Available on the INTERNET

LABSTAT, the Bureau of Labor Statistics public database, provides current and historical data for
many surveys as well as numerous news releases. LABSTAT on the Internet is composed of
individual databases (in flat file format) corresponding to each of the surveys. Internet users should
use Anonymous FTP to access BLS data: stats.bls.gov. Non-Internet users should use the limited
dial-in service through a Bulletin Board Service to access BLS data; phone number (202)606-7060.

The Employment Cost Index and Employer Costs for Employee Compensation are identified by the
two-character survey name EC.

For each news release published by the BLS, the two most current issues are stored in the
pub/news.release directory.

If you have questions or comments regarding the LABSTAT system on the Internet, address e-mail to
labstat.helpdesk @bls.gov.

ECI data for March 1995 will be released on Tuesday, April 25, 1995, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).


Compensation costs (not seasonally adjusted) increased 3.0 percent for the year ended in December
1994, down from the 3.5 percent gain for the year ended in December 1993. (See table 2.) That increase is the
lowest since the series began in 1981. Rates of increase in compensation costs and its components--wages and
salaries and benefits--have generally been declining since 1989, as the following table shows:

Table B. Percent changes in Employment Cost Index, by component

Percent change, 12 months ended in December
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

Compensation costs ‘

Civilian workers .. 3.6 3.6 49 5.0 49 4.3 3.5 3.5 3.0
Private industry .. | 3.2 3.3 48 48 46 44 3.5 3.6 3.1
State and local government.| 5.2 45 5.6 6.2 5.8 3.6 3.7 2.8 3.0

Wages and salaries :

’ Civilian workers ... 3.5 3.5 43 44 43 3.6 2.7 3.1 2.8
Private industry ... ~| 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.7 2.6 3.1 2.8
State and local government.| 5.4 42 49 5.3 5.3 3.5 3.0 2.7 3.1

Benefits

Civilian workers 3.8 3.7 70.6.6 6.7 5.6 5.3 4.6 3.4
Private industry ... | 3.4 3.4 6.9 6.1 6.6 6.2 5.2 5.0 3.7
State and local government . : : : : 7.0 3.9 5.4 2.9 2.8

A slowdown in compensation cost increases for private industry workers (3.1 percent in 1994,
compared with 3.6 percent in 1993) was evident in both wages and salaries and benefit costs. Wages and
salaries rose 2.8 percent, down from 3.1 percent for the year ended in December 1993, while benefit costs
increased 3.7 percent, down from 5.0 percent. This moderation in benefit cost gains reflected a continuing
slowdown in the rate of increase in health and workers' compensation insurance costs.

Compensation costs for state and local government rose 3.0 percent, up from 2.8 percent in the year
ended December 1993. Wages and salaries rose 3.1 percent, up from 2.7 percent in 1993. Benefit costs
increased 2.8 percent, about the same as the 2.9 percent gain in 1993. Benefit cost increases were held down
by decreases or temporary suspensions of payments into retirement funds by several jurisdictions.

For the year ended in December 1994, compensation cost increases in private industry were higher for
goods-producing industries than for service-producing industries (3.1 percent compared with 2.9 percent).
Among goods-producing industries, the gains ranged from 2.9 percent in nondurable goods manufacturing to
3.7 percent in construction. In the service-producing industries, the gains ranged from 1.4 percent for food
stores to 4.0 percent in both transportation and communications. (See table 3.)

Compensation cost increases in private industry were higher for white-collar occupations (3.2 percent)
than for blue-collar or service occupations (both 2.8 percent). White-collar gains ranged from 2.7 percent for
sales occupations to 3.7 percent for executive, administrative, and managerial occupations. Blue-collar gains
ranged from 2.2 percent for machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors to 3.2 percent for handlers,
equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.


13

Table 6. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUST! ED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private
industry workers, by industry and occupational group — Continued

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 } Dec. 1994 | Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
116.4 118.9 119.9 WwW 0.8 0.8 26 33 3.0
Excluding sales occupations .. 117.5 119.6 120.2 1.0 7 5 3.0 28 23
Retail trade ..... 115.0 118.0 117.8 4 ) +2 29 34 24
General merchandise stores 115.0 116.5 117.5 4 A 3 29 17 2.2
115.9 117.4 117.3 cc) 3 “A 19 22 12
112.9 113.8 114.2 ° 5 5 4 42 13 12
114.6 117.2 117.4 5 1.0 2 4.0 28 24
114.5 116.5 116.2 7 13 “3 5.0 25 15
116.6 117.7 118.6 2.4 8 8 35 33 17
119.2 122.3 122.7 8 7 3 37 3.4 29
119.6 122.2 123.0 6 7 7 3.0 28 28
115.7, 119.9 120.4 3 4 - 4 1.6 4.0 44
122.6 124.3 125.4 7 6 a 34 24 23
122.0 123.9 124.8 8 5 7 3.1 24 23
- - - 8 “8 & 37 3.8 3.6
120.9 124.9 125.4 2 22 2 3.2 35 3.5
121.6 124.5 124.9 2 19 3 34 26 27
116.0 118.7 119.1 5 8 3 3.0 29 27
117.2 119.7 1202 7 7 4 3.3 28 26
118.5 121.3 121.8 8 a 4 3.4 31 28
113.4 116.4 116.4 4 14 0 29 3.0 26
115.4 117.3 118.6 3 5 141 19 22 3.0
1 Tis series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly Includes transportation, communication, and public utities; wholesale and retail
1989, trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. > Data not available.


Table 9. AEROSPACE (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for workers in aerospace manufacturing, by

industry and occupation
Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994
Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Dec. 1993 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994

COMPENSATION
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 125.2 128.7 129.2 12 1.3 0.4 19 1.6 3.2
White-collar occupations .. 121.8 125.3 125.3 a 1.2 O 24 17 29
Blue-collar occupations 129.8 133.2 134.2 13 1.3 8 1.2 13 3.4

WAGES AND SALARIES

Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 121.6 124.0 124.8 0.9 0.6 06 38 29 26
White-collar tions .. 117.3 119.8 120.2 5 6 3 37 27 25
127.9 130.2 131.7 1.4 6 12 3.7 3.3 3.0

BENEFIT COSTS
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 133.1 138.7 138.4 5.0 25 02 AS 1.0 4.0
White-collar occupations 132.5 138.0 137.3 45 24 +5 4 +5 3.6
Blue-collar occupations 133.5 139.0 139.2 5.9 25 a 34 2.0 43

NOTE: SIC refers to the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification System code as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.