For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, September 8, 2016 USDL-16-1808 

Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • ncsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ect 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • pressoffice@bls.gov 

EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION – JUNE 2016 

Employer costs for employee compensation averaged $34.05 per hour worked in June 2016, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries averaged $23.35 per hour worked and 

accounted for 68.6 percent of these costs, while benefits averaged $10.70 and accounted for the 

remaining 31.4 percent. Total employer compensation costs for private industry workers averaged 

$32.29 per hour worked in June 2016. Total employer compensation costs for state and local 

government workers averaged $45.14 per hour worked in June 2016. 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC), a product of the National Compensation Survey, 

measures employer costs for wages, salaries, and employee benefits for nonfarm private and state and 

local government workers. 

Retirement and savings in private industry

In June 2016, average costs in private industry for retirement and savings benefits were $1.27 per 

hour worked, or 3.9 percent of total compensation. The average cost per hour worked for defined 

benefit plans–retirement plans that specify a benefit typically based on age, years of service, and 

earnings–was 55 cents or 1.7 percent of total compensation. The average cost for defined contribution 

 Cost per hour worked 

Chart 2. Employer retirement and savings costs per 

employee hour worked by selected establishment size, 

private industry, June 2016 

Cost per hour worked 

Chart 1. Employer retirement and savings costs per 

employee hour worked by selected private industry group, 

June 2016 
- 2 - 

plans–retirement plans that specify the level of employer contributions and place those contributions 

into individual employee accounts–was 71 cents or 2.2 percent of total compensation. (See table 5.) 

 

Employer costs for retirement and savings plans are affected by several factors, including the percentage 

of employees that participate in the plans offered by their employer. (The National Compensation 

Survey produces comprehensive data on the percentage of workers with access to and that participate in 

retirement plans. Data for March 2016 are available at www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/ebs2.pdf.) 

Retirement and savings costs varied widely by major occupational group. Costs for management, 

professional, and related workers were $2.59 per hour worked (4.5 percent of total compensation), 

compared to $1.81 for natural resources, construction, and maintenance workers (5.3 percent) and 26 

cents for service workers (1.7 percent). (See table 5.) 

Retirement and savings costs were higher both in amount and as a proportion of total compensation for 

union workers averaging $4.34 per hour worked (9.0 percent of total compensation) as compared with 

97 cents (3.1 percent) for nonunion workers. Defined benefit plan costs were significantly higher for 

union workers at $3.12 (6.5 percent) as compared with 30 cents (1.0 percent) for nonunion workers. (See 

table 5.) 

Retirement and savings costs were higher per hour worked in goods-producing industries ($2.09 and 5.4 

percent of total compensation) than in service-providing industries ($1.10 and 3.5 percent). Retirement 

and savings costs across major industry groups ranged from $2.31 in the information industry to 24 

cents in leisure and hospitality. (See chart 1 and table 6.) 

Among Census regions, employer retirement and savings costs averaged $1.63 (4.1 percent of total 

compensation) in the Northeast, $1.11 (3.8 percent) in the South, $1.16 (3.9 percent) in the Midwest, 

and $1.33 (4.0 percent) in the West. (See table 7.) 

Establishments with 1 to 99 workers averaged 78 cents (2.8 percent of total compensation), the costs for 

establishments with 100 workers or more averaged $1.86 (4.9 percent). (See chart 2 and table 8.) 

Employer retirement and savings benefit costs for full-time workers in private industry averaged $1.61 

per hour worked (4.2 percent of total compensation), significantly higher than 34 cents for part-time 

workers (2.0 percent). Retirement and savings costs for full-time workers in service occupations 

averaged 46 cents per hour worked, compared with 10 cents for part-time workers. (See table 11.) 

For information on retirement and savings provisions, see National Compensation Survey: Employee 

Benefits in the United States, March 2015, at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/benefits/2015/benefits.htm and 

National Compensation Survey: Health and Retirement Plan Provisions in Private Industry in the 

United States, 2015, at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2015/ownership/private/ebbl0058.pdf. 

Other benefit categories in private industry 

Private industry employer costs for paid leave averaged $2.22 per hour worked (6.9 percent of total 

compensation), supplemental pay averaged $1.16 (3.6 percent), insurance benefits averaged $2.58 (8.0 

percent), and legally required benefits averaged $2.54 (7.9 percent). (See table A and table 5.) 
- 3 - 

Table A. Relative importance of employer costs for employee compensation, June 2016 

Compensation 

component 

Civilian 

workers1

Private 

industry 

State and local 

government 

Wages and salaries 68.6% 69.7% 63.3% 

Benefits 31.4 30.3 36.7 

 Paid leave 6.9 6.9 7.2 

 Supplemental pay 3.1 3.6 0.9 

 Insurance 8.8 8.0 12.1 

 Health 8.3 7.6 11.8 

 Retirement and savings 5.1 3.9 10.6 

 Defined benefit 3.2 1.7 9.8 

 Defined contribution 2.0 2.2 0.8 

 Legally required 7.5 7.9 5.9 

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and 

 workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

_____________ 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation for September 2016 is scheduled to be released on 

Thursday, December 8, 2016, at 10:00 a.m. (EST). 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data on total compensation, wages and salaries, and 

benefits in private industry are produced annually in the March reference period for 15 metropolitan 

areas. For further information about metropolitan area ECEC estimates see the September 2009 article: 

“BLS Introduces New Employer Costs for Employee Compensation Data for Private Industry Workers 

in 15 Metropolitan Areas,” at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/cwc/bls-introduces-new-employer-costs-foremployee-compensation-data-for-private-industry-workers-in-15-metropolitan-areas.pdf. 

Supplemental tables with occupational, establishment size, and bargaining status series by industry 

group are available at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuptc39.pdf and www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuphst.pdf. 

Relative standard errors for all cost estimates in the most recent news release and supplementary tables 

are available at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ececrse.pdf and www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/sp/ecsuprse.pdf. 

Historical ECEC data are available in three listings, all available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. The 

earliest historical listing covers data for the March reference periods from 1986 to 2001. These data use 

the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) and Census of Population occupational classification 

systems. A second listing contains data for the March, June, September, and December reference periods 

from March 2002 to December 2003. These data are also based on the SIC and Census of Population 

occupational classification systems. The most recent listing includes data from March 2004 to the 

current reference period. These are based on the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS) and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) systems. 

The Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) are defined by the 

Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 2003 area definitions. For more information on the area 

definitions, visit www.census.gov/population/metro/data/pastmetro.html. 

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request— 

Telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

BLS news releases, including the ECEC, are available through an e-mail subscription service at: 

www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 
- 4 - 

TECHNICAL NOTE 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) measures the average cost to employers for wages 

and salaries and benefits per employee hour worked. 

ECEC includes the civilian economy, which includes data from both private industry and state and local 

government. Excluded from private industry are the self-employed and farm and private household 

workers. Federal government workers are excluded from the public sector. The private industry series 

and the state and local government series provide data for the two sectors separately. 

Sample size 

Data for the June 2016 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 

28,700 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,800 private industry establishments 

and approximately 8,800 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,500 state and 

local government establishments that provided data at the initial interview. 

Comparing private and public sector data 

Compensation cost levels in state and local government should not be directly compared with levels in 

private industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work activities 

and occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part of private 

industry work activities but are rare in state and local government. Professional and administrative 

support occupations (including teachers) account for two-thirds of the state and local government 

workforce, compared with one-half of private industry. 

ECEC quarterly publication focus 

ECEC news releases are published quarterly, providing civilian, private industry, and state and local 

government cost per hour estimates as well as additional detail on a specific compensation cost topic of 

interest. This quarter focuses on employer retirement and savings costs in private industry. Topics of 

news releases for the upcoming reference periods are as follows: 

 September 2016—Compensation costs in state and local government 

 December 2016—Supplemental pay benefits in private industry 

ECEC detailed information and measures 

For detailed information on Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, see Chapter 8,”National 

Compensation Measures,” of the BLS Handbook of Methods at: 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf. 
Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: Civilian workers, by major occupational and industry group, June 2016

Compensation

component

Occupational group

All

workers1

Management,

professional,

and

related

Sales

and

office

Service

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $34.05 100.0 $56.66 100.0 $24.72 100.0 $17.78 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 23.35 68.6 38.64 68.2 17.43 70.5 12.67 71.3

Total benefits ........................................................ 10.70 31.4 18.02 31.8 7.29 29.5 5.11 28.7

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.36 6.9 4.51 8.0 1.62 6.6 0.91 5.1

Vacation ........................................................ 1.16 3.4 2.19 3.9 0.81 3.3 0.44 2.4

Holiday .......................................................... 0.71 2.1 1.30 2.3 0.49 2.0 0.28 1.6

Sick ............................................................... 0.35 1.0 0.73 1.3 0.21 0.8 0.14 0.8

Personal ....................................................... 0.15 0.4 0.29 0.5 0.11 0.4 0.05 0.3

Supplemental pay ............................................. 1.05 3.1 2.03 3.6 0.58 2.3 0.29 1.7

Overtime and premium4 ............................... 0.26 0.8 0.17 0.3 0.15 0.6 0.15 0.8

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.06 0.2 0.08 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.06 0.3

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.74 2.2 1.78 3.1 0.41 1.7 0.09 0.5

Insurance .......................................................... 2.98 8.8 4.56 8.1 2.36 9.6 1.43 8.0

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1

Health ........................................................... 2.84 8.3 4.32 7.6 2.26 9.2 1.38 7.8

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.02 0.1

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.03 0.1 5 ( ) 6 ( )

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.75 5.1 3.36 5.9 0.86 3.5 0.80 4.5

Defined benefit ............................................. 1.09 3.2 2.05 3.6 0.42 1.7 0.64 3.6

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.67 2.0 1.31 2.3 0.44 1.8 0.16 0.9

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.55 7.5 3.56 6.3 1.87 7.6 1.68 9.4

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.88 5.5 2.99 5.3 1.44 5.8 1.05 5.9

Social Security7 ........................................ 1.49 4.4 2.34 4.1 1.16 4.7 0.84 4.7

Medicare ................................................... 0.39 1.1 0.65 1.1 0.28 1.1 0.21 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.02 6 ( ) 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.2

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.17 0.5 0.17 0.3 0.16 0.6 0.16 0.9

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.47 1.4 0.38 0.7 0.23 0.9 0.43 2.4

See footnotes at end of table.

- 5 -
Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: Civilian workers, by major occupational and industry group, June 2016 — Continued

Compensation

component

Occupational group Industry group

Natural

resources,

construction,

and

maintenance

Production,

transportation,

and

material

moving

Goodsproducing2Serviceproviding3

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $34.69 100.0 $27.27 100.0 $38.61 100.0 $33.26 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 23.23 67.0 17.94 65.8 25.61 66.3 22.96 69.0

Total benefits ........................................................ 11.45 33.0 9.34 34.2 13.00 33.7 10.30 31.0

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.88 5.4 1.63 6.0 2.52 6.5 2.34 7.0

Vacation ........................................................ 0.95 2.7 0.82 3.0 1.30 3.4 1.13 3.4

Holiday .......................................................... 0.61 1.8 0.54 2.0 0.87 2.3 0.68 2.0

Sick ............................................................... 0.21 0.6 0.20 0.7 0.25 0.7 0.37 1.1

Personal ....................................................... 0.10 0.3 0.07 0.3 0.09 0.2 0.15 0.5

Supplemental pay ............................................. 1.01 2.9 0.99 3.6 1.49 3.9 0.98 2.9

Overtime and premium4 ............................... 0.68 2.0 0.54 2.0 0.56 1.5 0.20 0.6

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.05 0.1 0.08 0.3 0.08 0.2 0.05 0.2

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.28 0.8 0.37 1.4 0.85 2.2 0.72 2.2

Insurance .......................................................... 3.22 9.3 2.94 10.8 3.60 9.3 2.87 8.6

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1

Health ........................................................... 3.07 8.8 2.78 10.2 3.41 8.8 2.74 8.2

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.08 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.05 0.2

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 2.03 5.9 1.23 4.5 2.13 5.5 1.69 5.1

Defined benefit ............................................. 1.44 4.2 0.72 2.6 1.20 3.1 1.07 3.2

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.59 1.7 0.51 1.9 0.93 2.4 0.62 1.9

Legally required benefits .................................. 3.31 9.6 2.54 9.3 3.26 8.4 2.43 7.3

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.96 5.6 1.52 5.6 2.17 5.6 1.83 5.5

Social Security7 ........................................ 1.58 4.6 1.22 4.5 1.74 4.5 1.45 4.4

Medicare ................................................... 0.38 1.1 0.30 1.1 0.43 1.1 0.38 1.1

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.25 0.7 0.19 0.7 0.24 0.6 0.16 0.5

Workers’ compensation ................................ 1.08 3.1 0.80 2.9 0.82 2.1 0.41 1.2

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding households and the public sector excluding the Federal government. 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational

services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except

public administration; and public administration. 4 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule. 5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 6 Less than .05 percent. 7 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 6 -
Table 2. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group, June 2016

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

Civilian workers1 ....................................................... $34.05 $23.35 $10.70 $2.36 $1.05 $2.98 $1.75 $2.55

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ....... 56.66 38.64 18.02 4.51 2.03 4.56 3.36 3.56

Management, business, and financial ...... 68.22 45.63 22.59 6.05 4.37 4.69 3.31 4.17

Professional and related ........................... 51.72 35.65 16.07 3.85 1.03 4.51 3.38 3.29

Teachers2 ............................................. 55.92 39.27 16.65 2.53 0.16 5.48 5.42 3.06

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers .............. 57.04 39.11 17.93 2.46 0.18 6.30 6.15 2.83

Registered nurses ................................ 52.04 34.90 17.13 4.59 1.58 4.70 2.65 3.61

Sales and office ............................................ 24.72 17.43 7.29 1.62 0.58 2.36 0.86 1.87

Sales and related ...................................... 23.94 17.98 5.96 1.35 0.62 1.57 0.59 1.84

Office and administrative support ............. 25.18 17.09 8.09 1.78 0.56 2.85 1.02 1.89

Service .......................................................... 17.78 12.67 5.11 0.91 0.29 1.43 0.80 1.68

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance ............................................... 34.69 23.23 11.45 1.88 1.01 3.22 2.03 3.31

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,

and forestry3 ........................................... 35.56 23.71 11.86 1.50 0.95 3.12 2.51 3.77

Installation, maintenance, and repair ........ 33.85 22.78 11.07 2.24 1.07 3.32 1.57 2.88

Production, transportation, and material

moving ........................................................ 27.27 17.94 9.34 1.63 0.99 2.94 1.23 2.54

Production ................................................ 26.66 17.73 8.92 1.63 1.16 2.85 0.93 2.35

Transportation and material moving ......... 27.84 18.12 9.72 1.64 0.83 3.03 1.50 2.72

Industry group

Education and health services ...................... 38.52 26.40 12.13 2.72 0.50 3.86 2.54 2.51

Educational services ................................. 47.03 31.89 15.14 2.77 0.19 5.19 4.35 2.65

Elementary and secondary schools ...... 46.16 30.97 15.19 2.35 0.18 5.54 4.68 2.44

Junior colleges, colleges, and

 universities ......................................... 52.35 35.67 16.69 4.09 0.20 4.99 4.24 3.16

Health care and social assistance ............ 33.37 23.07 10.30 2.70 0.68 3.05 1.44 2.42

Hospitals ............................................... 44.08 28.71 15.38 4.09 1.36 4.74 2.21 2.98

Percent of total compensation

Civilian workers1 ....................................................... 100.0 68.6 31.4 6.9 3.1 8.8 5.1 7.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 68.2 31.8 8.0 3.6 8.1 5.9 6.3

Management, business, and financial ...... 100.0 66.9 33.1 8.9 6.4 6.9 4.9 6.1

Professional and related ........................... 100.0 68.9 31.1 7.4 2.0 8.7 6.5 6.4

Teachers2 ............................................. 100.0 70.2 29.8 4.5 0.3 9.8 9.7 5.5

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers .............. 100.0 68.6 31.4 4.3 0.3 11.1 10.8 5.0

Registered nurses ................................ 100.0 67.1 32.9 8.8 3.0 9.0 5.1 6.9

Sales and office ............................................ 100.0 70.5 29.5 6.6 2.3 9.6 3.5 7.6

Sales and related ...................................... 100.0 75.1 24.9 5.6 2.6 6.5 2.5 7.7

Office and administrative support ............. 100.0 67.9 32.1 7.1 2.2 11.3 4.0 7.5

Service .......................................................... 100.0 71.3 28.7 5.1 1.7 8.0 4.5 9.4

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance ............................................... 100.0 67.0 33.0 5.4 2.9 9.3 5.9 9.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,

and forestry3 ........................................... 100.0 66.7 33.3 4.2 2.7 8.8 7.1 10.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ........ 100.0 67.3 32.7 6.6 3.1 9.8 4.6 8.5

Production, transportation, and material

moving ........................................................ 100.0 65.8 34.2 6.0 3.6 10.8 4.5 9.3

Production ................................................ 100.0 66.5 33.5 6.1 4.3 10.7 3.5 8.8

Transportation and material moving ......... 100.0 65.1 34.9 5.9 3.0 10.9 5.4 9.8

Industry group

Education and health services ...................... 100.0 68.5 31.5 7.1 1.3 10.0 6.6 6.5

Educational services ................................. 100.0 67.8 32.2 5.9 0.4 11.0 9.2 5.6

Elementary and secondary schools ...... 100.0 67.1 32.9 5.1 0.4 12.0 10.1 5.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and

 universities ......................................... 100.0 68.1 31.9 7.8 0.4 9.5 8.1 6.0

Health care and social assistance ............ 100.0 69.1 30.9 8.1 2.0 9.1 4.3 7.3

Hospitals ............................................... 100.0 65.1 34.9 9.3 3.1 10.8 5.0 6.8

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy excluding households and the public sector excluding the Federal government. 2 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors. 3 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of December 2006.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

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Table 3. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State and local

government workers, by major occupational and industry group, June 2016

Compensation

component

Occupational group1 Industry group

All

workers

Management,

professional,

and

related

Sales

and

office

Service Service-providing2

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $45.14 100.0 $54.32 100.0 $31.60 100.0 $34.79 100.0 $45.19 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 28.59 63.3 35.87 66.0 18.59 58.8 20.08 57.7 28.66 63.4

Total benefits ........................................................ 16.54 36.7 18.45 34.0 13.01 41.2 14.71 42.3 16.53 36.6

Paid leave ......................................................... 3.24 7.2 3.52 6.5 2.74 8.7 3.01 8.7 3.24 7.2

Vacation ........................................................ 1.20 2.6 1.13 2.1 1.21 3.8 1.30 3.7 1.19 2.6

Holiday .......................................................... 0.94 2.1 0.97 1.8 0.85 2.7 0.94 2.7 0.94 2.1

Sick ............................................................... 0.85 1.9 1.07 2.0 0.54 1.7 0.61 1.8 0.86 1.9

Personal ....................................................... 0.25 0.6 0.34 0.6 0.14 0.4 0.16 0.5 0.25 0.6

Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.39 0.9 0.28 0.5 0.23 0.7 0.64 1.8 0.39 0.9

Overtime and premium3 ............................... 0.21 0.5 0.08 0.2 0.13 0.4 0.44 1.3 0.20 0.4

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.09 0.3 0.05 0.1

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.13 0.3 0.16 0.3 0.08 0.2 0.10 0.3 0.13 0.3

Insurance .......................................................... 5.47 12.1 5.95 11.0 5.09 16.1 4.65 13.4 5.47 12.1

Life ................................................................ 0.06 0.1 0.07 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.06 0.1

Health ........................................................... 5.33 11.8 5.80 10.7 4.98 15.7 4.54 13.1 5.34 11.8

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.1

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 4.80 10.6 5.71 10.5 2.99 9.5 4.19 12.0 4.79 10.6

Defined benefit ............................................. 4.44 9.8 5.23 9.6 2.76 8.7 3.95 11.4 4.43 9.8

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.36 0.8 0.48 0.9 0.23 0.7 0.23 0.7 0.37 0.8

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.64 5.9 2.99 5.5 1.96 6.2 2.22 6.4 2.64 5.8

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.98 4.4 2.38 4.4 1.46 4.6 1.43 4.1 1.98 4.4

Social Security4 ........................................ 1.52 3.4 1.81 3.3 1.15 3.7 1.09 3.1 1.52 3.4

Medicare ................................................... 0.46 1.0 0.57 1.0 0.31 1.0 0.33 1.0 0.46 1.0

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( )

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.08 0.2 0.08 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.08 0.2

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.58 1.3 0.53 1.0 0.43 1.4 0.72 2.1 0.58 1.3

1 This table presents data for the three major occupational groups in State and local government: management, professional, and related occupations, including

teachers; sales and office occupations, including clerical workers; and service occupations, including police and firefighters. 2 Service-providing industries, which include health and educational services, employ a large part of the State and local government workforce. 3 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule. 4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. 5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 6 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

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Table 4. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: State and local government workers, by occupational and industry group, June 2016

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

State and local government workers ........................ $45.14 $28.59 $16.54 $3.24 $0.39 $5.47 $4.80 $2.64

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ....... 54.32 35.87 18.45 3.52 0.28 5.95 5.71 2.99

Professional and related ........................... 53.26 35.38 17.88 3.14 0.28 5.95 5.67 2.85

Teachers1 ............................................. 61.24 42.12 19.13 2.75 0.17 6.41 6.69 3.10

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers .............. 61.93 41.97 19.96 2.64 0.20 7.07 7.11 2.94

Sales and office ............................................ 31.60 18.59 13.01 2.74 0.23 5.09 2.99 1.96

Office and administrative support ............. 31.78 18.65 13.13 2.77 0.23 5.15 3.02 1.96

Service .......................................................... 34.79 20.08 14.71 3.01 0.64 4.65 4.19 2.22

Industry group

Education and health services ...................... 47.15 31.09 16.07 2.84 0.25 5.65 4.79 2.55

Educational services ................................. 48.39 32.19 16.20 2.71 0.18 5.71 5.06 2.54

Elementary and secondary schools ...... 47.42 31.49 15.93 2.39 0.19 5.85 5.08 2.42

Junior colleges, colleges, and

 universities ......................................... 52.24 34.98 17.26 3.96 0.14 5.13 5.03 3.00

Health care and social assistance ............ 39.61 24.34 15.27 3.62 0.64 5.27 3.13 2.60

Hospitals ............................................... 42.20 26.11 16.09 3.88 0.79 5.60 3.17 2.64

Public administration .................................... 43.21 25.48 17.73 3.97 0.61 5.35 5.02 2.78

Percent of total compensation

State and local government workers ........................ 100.0 63.3 36.7 7.2 0.9 12.1 10.6 5.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 66.0 34.0 6.5 0.5 11.0 10.5 5.5

Professional and related ........................... 100.0 66.4 33.6 5.9 0.5 11.2 10.6 5.3

Teachers1 ............................................. 100.0 68.8 31.2 4.5 0.3 10.5 10.9 5.1

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers .............. 100.0 67.8 32.2 4.3 0.3 11.4 11.5 4.8

Sales and office ............................................ 100.0 58.8 41.2 8.7 0.7 16.1 9.5 6.2

Office and administrative support ............. 100.0 58.7 41.3 8.7 0.7 16.2 9.5 6.2

Service .......................................................... 100.0 57.7 42.3 8.7 1.8 13.4 12.0 6.4

Industry group

Education and health services ...................... 100.0 65.9 34.1 6.0 0.5 12.0 10.1 5.4

Educational services ................................. 100.0 66.5 33.5 5.6 0.4 11.8 10.4 5.3

Elementary and secondary schools ...... 100.0 66.4 33.6 5.0 0.4 12.3 10.7 5.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and

 universities ......................................... 100.0 67.0 33.0 7.6 0.3 9.8 9.6 5.7

Health care and social assistance ............ 100.0 61.4 38.6 9.1 1.6 13.3 7.9 6.6

Hospitals ............................................... 100.0 61.9 38.1 9.2 1.9 13.3 7.5 6.3

Public administration .................................... 100.0 59.0 41.0 9.2 1.4 12.4 11.6 6.4

1 Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education teachers; and other teachers and instructors.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 9 -
Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: Private industry workers, by major occupational group and bargaining unit status, June 2016

Compensation

component

Occupational group

All

workers

Management,

professional,

and

related

Sales

and

office

Service

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $32.29 100.0 $57.42 100.0 $24.14 100.0 $15.11 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 22.52 69.7 39.54 68.9 17.33 71.8 11.50 76.2

Total benefits ........................................................ 9.77 30.3 17.88 31.1 6.81 28.2 3.60 23.8

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.22 6.9 4.83 8.4 1.53 6.3 0.58 3.8

Vacation ........................................................ 1.15 3.6 2.53 4.4 0.77 3.2 0.30 2.0

Holiday .......................................................... 0.67 2.1 1.41 2.5 0.46 1.9 0.17 1.2

Sick ............................................................... 0.27 0.8 0.62 1.1 0.18 0.8 0.07 0.5

Personal ....................................................... 0.13 0.4 0.28 0.5 0.11 0.5 0.04 0.2

Supplemental pay ............................................. 1.16 3.6 2.61 4.5 0.61 2.5 0.24 1.6

Overtime and premium1 ............................... 0.26 0.8 0.20 0.3 0.15 0.6 0.10 0.7

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.06 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.05 0.3

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.84 2.6 2.31 4.0 0.44 1.8 0.09 0.6

Insurance .......................................................... 2.58 8.0 4.11 7.2 2.14 8.8 0.92 6.1

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.03 0.1 2 ( ) 3 ( )

Health ........................................................... 2.44 7.6 3.84 6.7 2.04 8.4 0.89 5.9

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.06 0.2 0.10 0.2 0.04 0.2 2 ( ) 3 ( )

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.1 0.09 0.2 0.03 0.1 2 ( ) 3 ( )

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.27 3.9 2.59 4.5 0.68 2.8 0.26 1.7

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.55 1.7 1.01 1.8 0.22 0.9 0.11 0.8

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.71 2.2 1.58 2.8 0.46 1.9 0.15 1.0

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.54 7.9 3.74 6.5 1.86 7.7 1.59 10.6

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.86 5.8 3.19 5.5 1.44 6.0 0.99 6.6

Social Security4 ........................................ 1.49 4.6 2.51 4.4 1.16 4.8 0.81 5.3

Medicare ................................................... 0.38 1.2 0.68 1.2 0.28 1.2 0.19 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.05 0.3

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.19 0.6 0.20 0.3 0.17 0.7 0.17 1.1

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.45 1.4 0.32 0.6 0.21 0.9 0.39 2.6

See footnotes at end of table.

- 10 -
Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: Private industry workers, by major occupational group and bargaining unit status, June 2016

— Continued

Compensation

component

Occupational group Bargaining unit status

Natural

resources,

construction,

and

maintenance

Production,

transportation,

and

material

moving

Union Nonunion

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $34.26 100.0 $27.00 100.0 $47.94 100.0 $30.76 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 23.27 67.9 17.86 66.1 28.85 60.2 21.90 71.2

Total benefits ........................................................ 10.98 32.1 9.14 33.9 19.09 39.8 8.86 28.8

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.72 5.0 1.60 5.9 3.41 7.1 2.11 6.8

Vacation ........................................................ 0.88 2.6 0.82 3.0 1.73 3.6 1.09 3.6

Holiday .......................................................... 0.57 1.7 0.54 2.0 1.00 2.1 0.64 2.1

Sick ............................................................... 0.17 0.5 0.18 0.7 0.50 1.1 0.25 0.8

Personal ....................................................... 0.10 0.3 0.07 0.2 0.17 0.4 0.12 0.4

Supplemental pay ............................................. 1.04 3.0 1.01 3.7 1.48 3.1 1.13 3.7

Overtime and premium1 ............................... 0.70 2.0 0.55 2.0 0.87 1.8 0.20 0.7

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.3 0.19 0.4 0.05 0.1

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.30 0.9 0.38 1.4 0.42 0.9 0.88 2.8

Insurance .......................................................... 3.03 8.8 2.85 10.5 6.23 13.0 2.23 7.2

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.08 0.2 0.04 0.1

Health ........................................................... 2.87 8.4 2.68 9.9 5.87 12.2 2.10 6.8

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.08 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.16 0.3 0.05 0.2

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.12 0.2 0.04 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.81 5.3 1.15 4.2 4.34 9.0 0.97 3.1

Defined benefit ............................................. 1.19 3.5 0.62 2.3 3.12 6.5 0.30 1.0

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.63 1.8 0.52 1.9 1.22 2.5 0.66 2.2

Legally required benefits .................................. 3.38 9.9 2.54 9.4 3.63 7.6 2.43 7.9

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.97 5.8 1.52 5.6 2.36 4.9 1.81 5.9

Social Security4 ........................................ 1.60 4.7 1.22 4.5 1.87 3.9 1.45 4.7

Medicare ................................................... 0.38 1.1 0.29 1.1 0.49 1.0 0.36 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.26 0.8 0.19 0.7 0.24 0.5 0.18 0.6

Workers’ compensation ................................ 1.11 3.3 0.80 3.0 0.99 2.1 0.40 1.3

1 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule. 2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 3 Less than .05 percent. 4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 11 -
Table 6. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

workers, by major industry group, June 2016

Compensation

component

Goods-producing1 Service-providing2

All goodsproducing1 Construction Manufacturing

All

serviceproviding2

Trade,

transportation,

and

utilities

Information

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $38.59 100.0 $37.26 100.0 $39.10 100.0 $31.01 100.0 $26.60 100.0 $53.50 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 25.64 66.4 26.06 69.9 25.42 65.0 21.89 70.6 18.68 70.2 35.35 66.1

Total benefits ........................................................ 12.95 33.6 11.20 30.1 13.69 35.0 9.13 29.4 7.92 29.8 18.15 33.9

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.50 6.5 1.58 4.2 2.97 7.6 2.16 7.0 1.66 6.2 4.92 9.2

Vacation ........................................................ 1.30 3.4 0.83 2.2 1.53 3.9 1.12 3.6 0.88 3.3 2.53 4.7

Holiday .......................................................... 0.87 2.2 0.55 1.5 1.03 2.6 0.63 2.0 0.48 1.8 1.25 2.3

Sick ............................................................... 0.25 0.6 0.12 0.3 0.31 0.8 0.28 0.9 0.21 0.8 0.55 1.0

Personal ....................................................... 0.09 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.10 0.3 0.14 0.4 0.09 0.3 0.58 1.1

Supplemental pay ............................................. 1.50 3.9 0.99 2.7 1.69 4.3 1.09 3.5 0.72 2.7 2.25 4.2

Overtime and premium3 ............................... 0.56 1.5 0.59 1.6 0.53 1.4 0.20 0.7 0.27 1.0 0.25 0.5

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.08 0.2 0.02 4 ( ) 0.12 0.3 0.05 0.2 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.86 2.2 0.39 1.0 1.03 2.6 0.83 2.7 0.42 1.6 1.96 3.7

Insurance .......................................................... 3.59 9.3 2.83 7.6 3.96 10.1 2.38 7.7 2.25 8.5 5.14 9.6

Life ................................................................ 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.07 0.1

Health ........................................................... 3.39 8.8 2.72 7.3 3.73 9.5 2.25 7.2 2.13 8.0 4.73 8.8

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.08 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.09 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.04 0.2 0.25 0.5

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.09 0.2

Retirement and savings .................................... 2.09 5.4 1.92 5.1 2.13 5.5 1.10 3.5 1.03 3.9 2.31 4.3

Defined benefit ............................................. 1.15 3.0 1.19 3.2 1.10 2.8 0.43 1.4 0.48 1.8 0.84 1.6

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.94 2.4 0.72 1.9 1.03 2.6 0.67 2.1 0.55 2.1 1.47 2.7

Legally required benefits .................................. 3.26 8.5 3.88 10.4 2.94 7.5 2.39 7.7 2.26 8.5 3.53 6.6

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 2.17 5.6 2.15 5.8 2.17 5.6 1.80 5.8 1.54 5.8 3.01 5.6

Social Security6 ........................................ 1.74 4.5 1.74 4.7 1.74 4.5 1.44 4.6 1.24 4.7 2.40 4.5

Medicare ................................................... 0.43 1.1 0.41 1.1 0.43 1.1 0.37 1.2 0.30 1.1 0.61 1.1

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.24 0.6 0.33 0.9 0.20 0.5 0.18 0.6 0.16 0.6 0.19 0.4

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.82 2.1 1.37 3.7 0.54 1.4 0.38 1.2 0.52 2.0 0.30 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.

- 12 -
Table 6. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:

Private industry workers, by major industry group, June 2016 — Continued

Compensation

component

Service-providing2

Financial activities

Professional

and

business

services

Education

and

health

services

Leisure

and

hospitality

Other services

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $46.02 100.0 $39.39 100.0 $34.09 100.0 $14.32 100.0 $26.54 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 30.36 66.0 28.20 71.6 23.99 70.4 11.16 77.9 19.21 72.4

Total benefits ........................................................ 15.66 34.0 11.18 28.4 10.10 29.6 3.16 22.1 7.32 27.6

Paid leave ......................................................... 3.86 8.4 2.76 7.0 2.66 7.8 0.47 3.3 1.62 6.1

Vacation ........................................................ 2.01 4.4 1.46 3.7 1.34 3.9 0.25 1.8 0.78 2.9

Holiday .......................................................... 1.11 2.4 0.83 2.1 0.78 2.3 0.13 0.9 0.54 2.0

Sick ............................................................... 0.50 1.1 0.31 0.8 0.39 1.1 0.06 0.4 0.20 0.8

Personal ....................................................... 0.24 0.5 0.16 0.4 0.16 0.5 0.03 0.2 0.11 0.4

Supplemental pay ............................................. 3.34 7.3 2.00 5.1 0.62 1.8 0.14 1.0 0.36 1.3

Overtime and premium3 ............................... 0.18 0.4 0.25 0.6 0.18 0.5 0.07 0.5 0.15 0.5

Shift differentials ........................................... 5 ( ) 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 4 ( ) 0.19 0.5 5 ( ) 4 ( ) 0.02 0.1

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 3.15 6.8 1.74 4.4 0.25 0.7 0.06 0.4 0.19 0.7

Insurance .......................................................... 3.85 8.4 2.35 6.0 2.94 8.6 0.80 5.6 2.05 7.7

Life ................................................................ 0.06 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1 5 ( ) 4 ( ) 0.03 0.1

Health ........................................................... 3.60 7.8 2.18 5.5 2.79 8.2 0.77 5.4 1.96 7.4

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.13 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.1 5 ( ) 4 ( ) 0.03 0.1

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.06 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2 5 ( ) 4 ( ) 0.02 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.70 3.7 1.18 3.0 1.38 4.1 0.24 1.7 1.08 4.1

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.46 1.0 0.46 1.2 0.49 1.4 0.12 0.8 0.57 2.1

Defined contribution ...................................... 1.24 2.7 0.72 1.8 0.89 2.6 0.12 0.9 0.52 2.0

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.91 6.3 2.89 7.3 2.49 7.3 1.51 10.5 2.21 8.3

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 2.48 5.4 2.25 5.7 1.98 5.8 0.98 6.9 1.59 6.0

Social Security6 ........................................ 1.94 4.2 1.77 4.5 1.58 4.6 0.80 5.6 1.28 4.8

Medicare ................................................... 0.54 1.2 0.48 1.2 0.39 1.2 0.19 1.3 0.31 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.05 0.4 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.18 0.4 0.22 0.6 0.17 0.5 0.16 1.1 0.17 0.7

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.21 0.5 0.39 1.0 0.31 0.9 0.31 2.2 0.42 1.6

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and

leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health

care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 3 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule. 4 Less than .05 percent. 5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 6 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 13 -
Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:

Private industry workers, by census region and division, June 2016

Compensation

component

Census region and division1

Northeast Northeast divisions South South divisions

Cost Percent

New England Middle Atlantic

Cost Percent

South Atlantic

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $40.11 100.0 $39.11 100.0 $40.46 100.0 $29.38 100.0 $30.27 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 26.78 66.8 27.58 70.5 26.51 65.5 20.88 71.1 21.40 70.7

Total benefits ........................................................ 13.34 33.2 11.53 29.5 13.95 34.5 8.50 28.9 8.87 29.3

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.96 7.4 2.83 7.2 3.00 7.4 1.99 6.8 2.15 7.1

Vacation ........................................................ 1.51 3.8 1.50 3.8 1.51 3.7 1.02 3.5 1.11 3.7

Holiday .......................................................... 0.87 2.2 0.83 2.1 0.88 2.2 0.61 2.1 0.63 2.1

Sick ............................................................... 0.39 1.0 0.34 0.9 0.41 1.0 0.23 0.8 0.26 0.9

Personal ....................................................... 0.19 0.5 0.16 0.4 0.20 0.5 0.13 0.4 0.15 0.5

Supplemental pay ............................................. 2.46 6.1 1.12 2.9 2.92 7.2 0.91 3.1 0.83 2.7

Overtime and premium2 ............................... 0.25 0.6 0.25 0.6 0.25 0.6 0.30 1.0 0.24 0.8

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.07 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.08 0.2

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 2.14 5.3 0.78 2.0 2.60 6.4 0.54 1.9 0.51 1.7

Insurance .......................................................... 3.26 8.1 3.20 8.2 3.28 8.1 2.25 7.7 2.39 7.9

Life ................................................................ 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2

Health ........................................................... 3.06 7.6 3.01 7.7 3.08 7.6 2.11 7.2 2.23 7.4

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.09 0.2 0.09 0.2 0.10 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.06 0.2

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.05 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.2

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.63 4.1 1.50 3.8 1.67 4.1 1.11 3.8 1.22 4.0

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.73 1.8 0.60 1.5 0.78 1.9 0.48 1.6 0.54 1.8

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.90 2.2 0.90 2.3 0.90 2.2 0.63 2.1 0.68 2.2

Legally required benefits .................................. 3.03 7.6 2.88 7.4 3.08 7.6 2.24 7.6 2.29 7.6

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 2.16 5.4 2.18 5.6 2.15 5.3 1.74 5.9 1.79 5.9

Social Security3 ........................................ 1.69 4.2 1.73 4.4 1.68 4.1 1.40 4.8 1.43 4.7

Medicare ................................................... 0.47 1.2 0.46 1.2 0.47 1.2 0.34 1.2 0.35 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.30 0.7 0.26 0.7 0.31 0.8 0.11 0.4 0.12 0.4

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.54 1.4 0.39 1.0 0.59 1.5 0.36 1.2 0.36 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.

- 14 -
Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:

Private industry workers, by census region and division, June 2016 — Continued

Compensation

component

Census region and division1

South divisions Midwest Midwest divisions

East South

Central

West South

Central Cost Percent

East North Central West North

Central

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $25.19 100.0 $29.96 100.0 $29.67 100.0 $29.82 100.0 $29.33 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 17.82 70.7 21.53 71.9 20.65 69.6 20.73 69.5 20.49 69.9

Total benefits ........................................................ 7.37 29.3 8.43 28.1 9.01 30.4 9.09 30.5 8.84 30.1

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.64 6.5 1.89 6.3 2.01 6.8 2.02 6.8 1.99 6.8

Vacation ........................................................ 0.84 3.3 0.95 3.2 1.10 3.7 1.10 3.7 1.09 3.7

Holiday .......................................................... 0.54 2.1 0.60 2.0 0.60 2.0 0.61 2.0 0.58 2.0

Sick ............................................................... 0.17 0.7 0.22 0.7 0.21 0.7 0.21 0.7 0.22 0.8

Personal ....................................................... 0.09 0.4 0.12 0.4 0.10 0.4 0.11 0.4 0.10 0.3

Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.70 2.8 1.15 3.8 0.83 2.8 0.85 2.8 0.79 2.7

Overtime and premium2 ............................... 0.30 1.2 0.42 1.4 0.26 0.9 0.28 0.9 0.23 0.8

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.04 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.07 0.2

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.37 1.5 0.68 2.3 0.50 1.7 0.51 1.7 0.50 1.7

Insurance .......................................................... 2.22 8.8 2.05 6.8 2.63 8.9 2.67 9.0 2.54 8.6

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1

Health ........................................................... 2.10 8.4 1.93 6.5 2.48 8.4 2.52 8.4 2.39 8.1

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.2 0.06 0.2 0.06 0.2

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.05 0.2

Retirement and savings .................................... 0.85 3.4 1.04 3.5 1.16 3.9 1.15 3.8 1.20 4.1

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.38 1.5 0.42 1.4 0.45 1.5 0.50 1.7 0.34 1.2

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.48 1.9 0.62 2.1 0.71 2.4 0.65 2.2 0.85 2.9

Legally required benefits .................................. 1.95 7.7 2.29 7.6 2.38 8.0 2.40 8.1 2.33 7.9

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.51 6.0 1.78 5.9 1.76 5.9 1.76 5.9 1.76 6.0

Social Security3 ........................................ 1.22 4.8 1.42 4.7 1.42 4.8 1.42 4.7 1.42 4.9

Medicare ................................................... 0.29 1.2 0.36 1.2 0.34 1.1 0.34 1.1 0.34 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.09 0.4 0.12 0.4 0.18 0.6 0.19 0.7 0.15 0.5

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.32 1.3 0.37 1.2 0.40 1.4 0.41 1.4 0.39 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

- 15 -
Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a

percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by census region and division,

June 2016 — Continued

Compensation

component

Census region and division1

West West divisions

Cost Percent

Mountain Pacific

Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $33.22 100.0 $29.23 100.0 $35.18 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 23.57 70.9 21.24 72.7 24.71 70.2

Total benefits ........................................................ 9.65 29.1 7.99 27.3 10.47 29.8

Paid leave ......................................................... 2.20 6.6 1.83 6.3 2.38 6.8

Vacation ........................................................ 1.12 3.4 0.95 3.2 1.20 3.4

Holiday .......................................................... 0.69 2.1 0.55 1.9 0.76 2.2

Sick ............................................................... 0.29 0.9 0.22 0.8 0.32 0.9

Personal ....................................................... 0.10 0.3 0.11 0.4 0.10 0.3

Supplemental pay ............................................. 0.83 2.5 0.73 2.5 0.88 2.5

Overtime and premium2 ............................... 0.22 0.7 0.20 0.7 0.23 0.6

Shift differentials ........................................... 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.58 1.7 0.50 1.7 0.62 1.8

Insurance .......................................................... 2.50 7.5 2.11 7.2 2.69 7.7

Life ................................................................ 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1

Health ........................................................... 2.39 7.2 1.99 6.8 2.59 7.4

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1

Retirement and savings .................................... 1.33 4.0 0.97 3.3 1.51 4.3

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.64 1.9 0.29 1.0 0.81 2.3

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.69 2.1 0.68 2.3 0.70 2.0

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.79 8.4 2.35 8.1 3.00 8.5

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.92 5.8 1.77 6.0 1.99 5.7

Social Security3 ........................................ 1.53 4.6 1.42 4.9 1.59 4.5

Medicare ................................................... 0.39 1.2 0.35 1.2 0.41 1.2

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.06 0.2 0.03 0.1 0.08 0.2

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.22 0.7 0.17 0.6 0.25 0.7

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.59 1.8 0.39 1.3 0.69 1.9

1 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New

Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South

Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and

West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin;

West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain:

Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California,

Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. 2 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work

schedule. 3 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 16 -
Table 8. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

workers, by establishment employment size, June 2016

Compensation

component

1-99 workers 100 workers or more

1-99 workers 1-49 workers 50-99 workers 100 workers or

more 100-499 workers 500 workers ormore

Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent

Total compensation .................................................. $27.69 100.0 $26.96 100.0 $29.99 100.0 $37.85 100.0 $32.34 100.0 $46.80 100.0

Wages and salaries .............................................. 20.12 72.7 19.86 73.7 20.97 69.9 25.41 67.1 22.35 69.1 30.38 64.9

Total benefits ........................................................ 7.56 27.3 7.10 26.3 9.02 30.1 12.44 32.9 9.99 30.9 16.42 35.1

Paid leave ......................................................... 1.59 5.8 1.50 5.6 1.88 6.3 2.98 7.9 2.35 7.3 4.01 8.6

Vacation ........................................................ 0.81 2.9 0.76 2.8 0.97 3.2 1.56 4.1 1.23 3.8 2.10 4.5

Holiday .......................................................... 0.51 1.8 0.48 1.8 0.59 2.0 0.87 2.3 0.70 2.2 1.14 2.4

Sick ............................................................... 0.19 0.7 0.18 0.7 0.24 0.8 0.37 1.0 0.26 0.8 0.53 1.1

Personal ....................................................... 0.08 0.3 0.08 0.3 0.09 0.3 0.19 0.5 0.15 0.5 0.24 0.5

Supplemental pay ............................................. 1.04 3.7 0.97 3.6 1.27 4.2 1.30 3.4 0.95 2.9 1.89 4.0

Overtime and premium1 ............................... 0.21 0.7 0.19 0.7 0.25 0.8 0.33 0.9 0.30 0.9 0.39 0.8

Shift differentials ........................................... 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 0.03 0.1 0.11 0.3 0.06 0.2 0.20 0.4

Nonproduction bonuses ................................ 0.82 3.0 0.77 2.8 0.99 3.3 0.85 2.3 0.58 1.8 1.30 2.8

Insurance .......................................................... 1.81 6.5 1.69 6.3 2.20 7.3 3.52 9.3 2.89 8.9 4.55 9.7

Life ................................................................ 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.06 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.07 0.1

Health ........................................................... 1.72 6.2 1.61 6.0 2.08 6.9 3.31 8.7 2.72 8.4 4.25 9.1

Short-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.09 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.12 0.3

Long-term disability ...................................... 0.03 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.07 0.2 0.05 0.1 0.10 0.2

Retirement and savings .................................... 0.78 2.8 0.62 2.3 1.27 4.3 1.86 4.9 1.28 4.0 2.79 6.0

Defined benefit ............................................. 0.30 1.1 0.20 0.8 0.60 2.0 0.86 2.3 0.55 1.7 1.37 2.9

Defined contribution ...................................... 0.48 1.7 0.42 1.6 0.68 2.3 0.99 2.6 0.73 2.3 1.42 3.0

Legally required benefits .................................. 2.34 8.4 2.32 8.6 2.40 8.0 2.79 7.4 2.54 7.8 3.19 6.8

Social Security and Medicare ....................... 1.63 5.9 1.61 6.0 1.69 5.6 2.14 5.7 1.87 5.8 2.58 5.5

Social Security4 ........................................ 1.30 4.7 1.29 4.8 1.34 4.5 1.71 4.5 1.50 4.6 2.06 4.4

Medicare ................................................... 0.33 1.2 0.33 1.2 0.35 1.2 0.43 1.1 0.37 1.1 0.52 1.1

Federal unemployment insurance ................ 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.2 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.1

State unemployment insurance .................... 0.19 0.7 0.19 0.7 0.18 0.6 0.19 0.5 0.20 0.6 0.16 0.4

Workers’ compensation ................................ 0.48 1.7 0.47 1.7 0.49 1.6 0.43 1.1 0.43 1.3 0.42 0.9

1 Includes premium pay (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays) for work in addition to the regular work schedule. 2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 3 Less than .05 percent. 4 Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 17 -
Table 9. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private

industry workers, goods-producing and service-providing industries, by occupational group, June 2016

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

All workers in private industry .................................................... $32.29 $22.52 $9.77 $2.22 $1.16 $2.58 $1.27 $2.54

Management, professional, and related ............................. 57.42 39.54 17.88 4.83 2.61 4.11 2.59 3.74

Management, business, and financial ............................ 69.37 46.64 22.73 6.11 4.96 4.50 2.93 4.22

Professional and related ................................................. 51.06 35.76 15.30 4.15 1.36 3.90 2.41 3.48

Sales and office .................................................................. 24.14 17.33 6.81 1.53 0.61 2.14 0.68 1.86

Sales and related ............................................................ 23.91 17.99 5.92 1.34 0.62 1.55 0.57 1.84

Office and administrative support ................................... 24.30 16.89 7.41 1.65 0.60 2.53 0.75 1.88

Service ................................................................................ 15.11 11.50 3.60 0.58 0.24 0.92 0.26 1.59

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 34.26 23.27 10.98 1.72 1.04 3.03 1.81 3.38

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry1 35.34 23.95 11.39 1.30 0.99 2.92 2.28 3.90

Installation, maintenance, and repair .............................. 33.26 22.64 10.61 2.11 1.10 3.12 1.38 2.90

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 27.00 17.86 9.14 1.60 1.01 2.85 1.15 2.54

Production ...................................................................... 26.44 17.63 8.80 1.60 1.16 2.81 0.90 2.34

Transportation and material moving ............................... 27.55 18.08 9.47 1.60 0.85 2.89 1.39 2.74

All workers, goods-producing industries2 ......................... 38.59 25.64 12.95 2.50 1.50 3.59 2.09 3.26

Management, professional, and related ............................. 69.19 46.13 23.06 6.02 2.58 5.18 4.81 4.47

Sales and office .................................................................. 33.29 22.98 10.31 2.32 1.01 3.21 1.18 2.59

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 36.39 24.36 12.03 1.48 1.20 3.23 2.26 3.87

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 28.18 18.31 9.87 1.71 1.36 3.26 1.03 2.51

All workers, service-providing industries3 ........................ 31.01 21.89 9.13 2.16 1.09 2.38 1.10 2.39

Management, professional, and related ............................. 55.82 38.65 17.18 4.67 2.61 3.96 2.29 3.64

Sales and office .................................................................. 23.54 16.96 6.58 1.47 0.58 2.07 0.65 1.81

Service ................................................................................ 15.07 11.49 3.58 0.58 0.24 0.92 0.26 1.59

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 31.53 21.88 9.65 2.03 0.85 2.77 1.25 2.75

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 26.11 17.52 8.59 1.51 0.74 2.53 1.24 2.57

Percent of total compensation

All workers in private industry .................................................... 100.0 69.7 30.3 6.9 3.6 8.0 3.9 7.9

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 68.9 31.1 8.4 4.5 7.2 4.5 6.5

Management, business, and financial ............................ 100.0 67.2 32.8 8.8 7.1 6.5 4.2 6.1

Professional and related ................................................. 100.0 70.0 30.0 8.1 2.7 7.6 4.7 6.8

Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 71.8 28.2 6.3 2.5 8.8 2.8 7.7

Sales and related ............................................................ 100.0 75.2 24.8 5.6 2.6 6.5 2.4 7.7

Office and administrative support ................................... 100.0 69.5 30.5 6.8 2.5 10.4 3.1 7.7

Service ................................................................................ 100.0 76.2 23.8 3.8 1.6 6.1 1.7 10.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 100.0 67.9 32.1 5.0 3.0 8.8 5.3 9.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry1 100.0 67.8 32.2 3.7 2.8 8.3 6.5 11.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair .............................. 100.0 68.1 31.9 6.3 3.3 9.4 4.2 8.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 66.1 33.9 5.9 3.7 10.5 4.2 9.4

Production ...................................................................... 100.0 66.7 33.3 6.0 4.4 10.6 3.4 8.9

Transportation and material moving ............................... 100.0 65.6 34.4 5.8 3.1 10.5 5.0 9.9

All workers, goods-producing industries2 ......................... 100.0 66.4 33.6 6.5 3.9 9.3 5.4 8.5

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 66.7 33.3 8.7 3.7 7.5 6.9 6.5

Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 69.0 31.0 7.0 3.0 9.6 3.5 7.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 100.0 66.9 33.1 4.1 3.3 8.9 6.2 10.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 65.0 35.0 6.1 4.8 11.6 3.6 8.9

All workers, service-providing industries3 ........................ 100.0 70.6 29.4 7.0 3.5 7.7 3.5 7.7

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 69.2 30.8 8.4 4.7 7.1 4.1 6.5

Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 72.1 27.9 6.3 2.5 8.8 2.7 7.7

Service ................................................................................ 100.0 76.2 23.8 3.8 1.6 6.1 1.7 10.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 100.0 69.4 30.6 6.5 2.7 8.8 4.0 8.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 67.1 32.9 5.8 2.8 9.7 4.7 9.8

1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of December 2006. 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing;

professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and

social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 18 -
Table 10. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private

industry workers, by industry group, June 2016

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

All workers, goods-producing industries1 ......................... $38.59 $25.64 $12.95 $2.50 $1.50 $3.59 $2.09 $3.26

Construction ....................................................................... 37.26 26.06 11.20 1.58 0.99 2.83 1.92 3.88

Manufacturing ..................................................................... 39.10 25.42 13.69 2.97 1.69 3.96 2.13 2.94

Aircraft manufacturing2 ................................................... 70.85 42.75 28.10 6.30 3.79 7.40 6.28 4.33

All workers, service-providing industries3 ........................ 31.01 21.89 9.13 2.16 1.09 2.38 1.10 2.39

Trade, transportation, and utilities ...................................... 26.60 18.68 7.92 1.66 0.72 2.25 1.03 2.26

Wholesale trade .............................................................. 35.45 25.08 10.37 2.53 1.05 2.90 1.12 2.76

Retail trade ..................................................................... 18.49 13.94 4.54 0.89 0.38 1.26 0.40 1.62

Transportation and warehousing .................................... 38.82 24.73 14.09 2.75 1.22 4.23 2.37 3.51

Utilities ............................................................................ 60.57 36.18 24.39 5.20 2.46 6.23 6.25 4.25

Information .......................................................................... 53.50 35.35 18.15 4.92 2.25 5.14 2.31 3.53

Financial activities .............................................................. 46.02 30.36 15.66 3.86 3.34 3.85 1.70 2.91

Finance and insurance ................................................... 51.28 33.21 18.07 4.50 4.16 4.30 2.06 3.05

Credit intermediation and related activities ................. 40.58 27.21 13.38 3.62 1.75 3.84 1.53 2.63

Insurance carriers and related activities ..................... 47.20 31.39 15.81 4.13 2.06 4.31 2.30 3.01

Real estate and rental and leasing ................................. 30.27 21.83 8.44 1.96 0.87 2.50 0.64 2.47

Professional and business services ................................... 39.39 28.20 11.18 2.76 2.00 2.35 1.18 2.89

Professional and technical services ............................... 50.02 36.10 13.92 4.13 1.30 3.38 1.70 3.41

Administrative and waste services ................................. 22.83 17.78 5.06 0.94 0.56 1.04 0.31 2.20

Education and health services ............................................ 34.09 23.99 10.10 2.66 0.62 2.94 1.38 2.49

Educational services ....................................................... 42.38 30.84 11.54 2.96 0.21 3.44 1.92 3.02

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ................. 52.55 36.85 15.70 4.31 0.31 4.76 2.87 3.45

Health care and social assistance .................................. 32.85 22.97 9.88 2.62 0.69 2.86 1.30 2.41

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................ 14.32 11.16 3.16 0.47 0.14 0.80 0.24 1.51

Accommodation and food services ................................. 12.56 9.93 2.63 0.34 0.13 0.66 0.15 1.36

Other services .................................................................... 26.54 19.21 7.32 1.62 0.36 2.05 1.08 2.21

Percent of total compensation

All workers, goods-producing industries1 ......................... 100.0 66.4 33.6 6.5 3.9 9.3 5.4 8.5

Construction ....................................................................... 100.0 69.9 30.1 4.2 2.7 7.6 5.1 10.4

Manufacturing ..................................................................... 100.0 65.0 35.0 7.6 4.3 10.1 5.5 7.5

Aircraft manufacturing2 ................................................... 100.0 60.3 39.7 8.9 5.4 10.4 8.9 6.1

All workers, service-providing industries3 ........................ 100.0 70.6 29.4 7.0 3.5 7.7 3.5 7.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ...................................... 100.0 70.2 29.8 6.2 2.7 8.5 3.9 8.5

Wholesale trade .............................................................. 100.0 70.8 29.2 7.1 3.0 8.2 3.2 7.8

Retail trade ..................................................................... 100.0 75.4 24.6 4.8 2.1 6.8 2.1 8.8

Transportation and warehousing .................................... 100.0 63.7 36.3 7.1 3.1 10.9 6.1 9.0

Utilities ............................................................................ 100.0 59.7 40.3 8.6 4.1 10.3 10.3 7.0

Information .......................................................................... 100.0 66.1 33.9 9.2 4.2 9.6 4.3 6.6

Financial activities .............................................................. 100.0 66.0 34.0 8.4 7.3 8.4 3.7 6.3

Finance and insurance ................................................... 100.0 64.8 35.2 8.8 8.1 8.4 4.0 5.9

Credit intermediation and related activities ................. 100.0 67.0 33.0 8.9 4.3 9.5 3.8 6.5

Insurance carriers and related activities ..................... 100.0 66.5 33.5 8.8 4.4 9.1 4.9 6.4

Real estate and rental and leasing ................................. 100.0 72.1 27.9 6.5 2.9 8.3 2.1 8.2

Professional and business services ................................... 100.0 71.6 28.4 7.0 5.1 6.0 3.0 7.3

Professional and technical services ............................... 100.0 72.2 27.8 8.3 2.6 6.8 3.4 6.8

Administrative and waste services ................................. 100.0 77.9 22.1 4.1 2.5 4.6 1.3 9.6

Education and health services ............................................ 100.0 70.4 29.6 7.8 1.8 8.6 4.1 7.3

Educational services ....................................................... 100.0 72.8 27.2 7.0 0.5 8.1 4.5 7.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ................. 100.0 70.1 29.9 8.2 0.6 9.1 5.5 6.6

Health care and social assistance .................................. 100.0 69.9 30.1 8.0 2.1 8.7 4.0 7.3

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................ 100.0 77.9 22.1 3.3 1.0 5.6 1.7 10.5

Accommodation and food services ................................. 100.0 79.1 20.9 2.7 1.0 5.2 1.2 10.8

Other services .................................................................... 100.0 72.4 27.6 6.1 1.3 7.7 4.1 8.3

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 2 Data are available beginning with December 2006. 3 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing;

professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and

social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 19 -
Table 11. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private

industry workers, by occupational group and full-time and part-time status, June 2016

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

All full-time workers in private industry ................................. $38.04 $25.91 $12.13 $2.87 $1.50 $3.30 $1.61 $2.84

Management, professional, and related ............................. 59.88 40.66 19.22 5.26 2.85 4.48 2.82 3.81

Management, business, and financial ............................ 69.95 46.92 23.04 6.20 5.05 4.57 2.98 4.24

Professional and related ................................................. 53.46 36.68 16.78 4.66 1.46 4.42 2.71 3.54

Sales and office .................................................................. 28.91 20.20 8.71 2.08 0.81 2.82 0.90 2.10

Sales and related ............................................................ 34.31 25.05 9.26 2.35 1.03 2.51 0.96 2.40

Office and administrative support ................................... 26.50 18.04 8.46 1.96 0.71 2.96 0.87 1.97

Service ................................................................................ 18.69 13.31 5.38 1.05 0.41 1.69 0.46 1.78

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 35.11 23.67 11.44 1.82 1.10 3.20 1.90 3.42

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry1 36.27 24.40 11.87 1.38 1.05 3.09 2.39 3.95

Installation, maintenance, and repair .............................. 34.07 23.02 11.05 2.22 1.14 3.29 1.46 2.94

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 29.12 19.09 10.03 1.84 1.17 3.18 1.21 2.63

Production ...................................................................... 27.59 18.18 9.40 1.73 1.26 3.05 0.97 2.39

Transportation and material moving ............................... 30.99 20.19 10.80 1.98 1.06 3.33 1.50 2.93

All part-time workers in private industry ................................ 16.95 13.46 3.49 0.48 0.24 0.68 0.34 1.74

Management, professional, and related ............................. 40.47 31.81 8.66 1.91 0.89 1.56 1.03 3.27

Professional and related ................................................. 40.33 31.66 8.67 1.89 0.91 1.56 1.06 3.24

Sales and office .................................................................. 14.06 11.27 2.79 0.36 0.18 0.69 0.22 1.35

Sales and related ............................................................ 12.71 10.39 2.32 0.25 0.17 0.51 0.16 1.23

Office and administrative support ................................... 16.13 12.62 3.51 0.51 0.19 0.96 0.31 1.54

Service ................................................................................ 12.06 9.97 2.09 0.18 0.10 0.28 0.10 1.44

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 17.25 12.20 5.04 0.49 0.27 1.32 0.84 2.12

Transportation and material moving ............................... 18.11 12.28 5.82 0.56 0.30 1.66 1.09 2.22

Percent of total compensation

All full-time workers in private industry ................................. 100.0 68.1 31.9 7.6 3.9 8.7 4.2 7.5

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 67.9 32.1 8.8 4.8 7.5 4.7 6.4

Management, business, and financial ............................ 100.0 67.1 32.9 8.9 7.2 6.5 4.3 6.1

Professional and related ................................................. 100.0 68.6 31.4 8.7 2.7 8.3 5.1 6.6

Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 69.9 30.1 7.2 2.8 9.8 3.1 7.3

Sales and related ............................................................ 100.0 73.0 27.0 6.9 3.0 7.3 2.8 7.0

Office and administrative support ................................... 100.0 68.1 31.9 7.4 2.7 11.2 3.3 7.4

Service ................................................................................ 100.0 71.2 28.8 5.6 2.2 9.0 2.4 9.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ............ 100.0 67.4 32.6 5.2 3.1 9.1 5.4 9.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry1 100.0 67.3 32.7 3.8 2.9 8.5 6.6 10.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair .............................. 100.0 67.6 32.4 6.5 3.3 9.7 4.3 8.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 65.6 34.4 6.3 4.0 10.9 4.2 9.0

Production ...................................................................... 100.0 65.9 34.1 6.3 4.6 11.1 3.5 8.7

Transportation and material moving ............................... 100.0 65.2 34.8 6.4 3.4 10.8 4.8 9.4

All part-time workers in private industry ................................ 100.0 79.4 20.6 2.9 1.4 4.0 2.0 10.3

Management, professional, and related ............................. 100.0 78.6 21.4 4.7 2.2 3.9 2.5 8.1

Professional and related ................................................. 100.0 78.5 21.5 4.7 2.3 3.9 2.6 8.0

Sales and office .................................................................. 100.0 80.1 19.9 2.5 1.3 4.9 1.6 9.6

Sales and related ............................................................ 100.0 81.7 18.3 2.0 1.4 4.0 1.2 9.7

Office and administrative support ................................... 100.0 78.2 21.8 3.2 1.1 6.0 1.9 9.5

Service ................................................................................ 100.0 82.7 17.3 1.5 0.8 2.3 0.8 11.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ................ 100.0 70.8 29.2 2.8 1.6 7.6 4.9 12.3

Transportation and material moving ............................... 100.0 67.8 32.2 3.1 1.7 9.1 6.0 12.3

1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were combined with construction and extraction occupational group as of December 2006.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

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Table 12. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: Private industry workers, by industry group and full-time and part-time status, June 2016

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

All full-time workers in private industry ........... $38.04 $25.91 $12.13 $2.87 $1.50 $3.30 $1.61 $2.84

Goods-producing1 ............................................ 39.24 25.96 13.28 2.59 1.55 3.70 2.16 3.28

Construction ................................................. 38.42 26.68 11.75 1.69 1.04 3.02 2.05 3.94

Manufacturing ............................................... 39.49 25.62 13.87 3.01 1.71 4.02 2.17 2.96

Service-providing2 ............................................ 37.69 25.90 11.80 2.95 1.49 3.18 1.46 2.72

Trade, transportation, and utilities ................ 33.65 23.12 10.53 2.40 1.01 3.04 1.38 2.70

Information .................................................... 56.07 36.88 19.20 5.22 2.39 5.47 2.46 3.67

Financial activities ........................................ 48.75 31.99 16.76 4.18 3.64 4.10 1.82 3.01

Professional and business services ............. 43.00 30.18 12.83 3.29 2.30 2.79 1.41 3.04

Education and health services ...................... 36.79 25.24 11.55 3.13 0.71 3.54 1.63 2.53

Leisure and hospitality .................................. 19.88 14.28 5.60 1.12 0.31 1.83 0.55 1.77

Other services .............................................. 31.71 22.39 9.32 2.29 0.49 2.77 1.28 2.49

All part-time workers in private industry .......... 16.95 13.46 3.49 0.48 0.24 0.68 0.34 1.74

Service-providing2 ............................................ 16.82 13.36 3.46 0.48 0.24 0.68 0.34 1.71

Trade, transportation, and utilities ................ 14.44 11.02 3.42 0.38 0.21 0.89 0.43 1.50

Professional and business services ............. 22.92 19.22 3.69 0.38 0.64 0.33 0.11 2.23

Education and health services ...................... 26.77 20.59 6.18 1.41 0.38 1.31 0.71 2.37

Leisure and hospitality .................................. 10.89 9.24 1.65 0.06 0.04 0.16 0.05 1.34

Percent of total compensation

All full-time workers in private industry ........... 100.0 68.1 31.9 7.6 3.9 8.7 4.2 7.5

Goods-producing1 ............................................ 100.0 66.2 33.8 6.6 3.9 9.4 5.5 8.4

Construction ................................................. 100.0 69.4 30.6 4.4 2.7 7.9 5.3 10.3

Manufacturing ............................................... 100.0 64.9 35.1 7.6 4.3 10.2 5.5 7.5

Service-providing2 ............................................ 100.0 68.7 31.3 7.8 3.9 8.4 3.9 7.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ................ 100.0 68.7 31.3 7.1 3.0 9.0 4.1 8.0

Information .................................................... 100.0 65.8 34.2 9.3 4.3 9.8 4.4 6.5

Financial activities ........................................ 100.0 65.6 34.4 8.6 7.5 8.4 3.7 6.2

Professional and business services ............. 100.0 70.2 29.8 7.6 5.3 6.5 3.3 7.1

Education and health services ...................... 100.0 68.6 31.4 8.5 1.9 9.6 4.4 6.9

Leisure and hospitality .................................. 100.0 71.8 28.2 5.7 1.6 9.2 2.8 8.9

Other services .............................................. 100.0 70.6 29.4 7.2 1.6 8.7 4.0 7.8

All part-time workers in private industry .......... 100.0 79.4 20.6 2.9 1.4 4.0 2.0 10.3

Service-providing2 ............................................ 100.0 79.4 20.6 2.9 1.4 4.1 2.0 10.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ................ 100.0 76.3 23.7 2.6 1.5 6.2 3.0 10.4

Professional and business services ............. 100.0 83.9 16.1 1.6 2.8 1.4 0.5 9.7

Education and health services ...................... 100.0 76.9 23.1 5.3 1.4 4.9 2.6 8.9

Leisure and hospitality .................................. 100.0 84.8 15.2 0.6 0.4 1.5 0.4 12.3

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational

services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except

public administration.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

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Table 13. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: Private industry workers, by major industry group and establishment employment size and

bargaining unit status, June 2016

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

All workers, goods-producing industries1 ... $38.59 $25.64 $12.95 $2.50 $1.50 $3.59 $2.09 $3.26

1-99 workers ..................................................... 32.24 22.76 9.48 1.57 0.94 2.51 1.22 3.24

1-49 workers ................................................. 31.01 22.28 8.72 1.42 0.88 2.19 1.02 3.21

50-99 workers ............................................... 35.62 24.05 11.56 1.99 1.13 3.38 1.76 3.30

100 workers or more ......................................... 44.18 28.18 16.00 3.33 1.99 4.53 2.86 3.29

100-499 workers ........................................... 38.84 25.48 13.36 2.69 1.45 4.12 1.93 3.18

500 workers or more ..................................... 52.00 32.13 19.87 4.26 2.79 5.15 4.23 3.45

Union ................................................................ 49.14 28.42 20.72 2.67 1.95 6.72 5.20 4.19

Nonunion .......................................................... 36.58 25.11 11.47 2.47 1.42 2.99 1.50 3.09

All workers, service-providing industries2 .. 31.01 21.89 9.13 2.16 1.09 2.38 1.10 2.39

1-99 workers ..................................................... 26.92 19.68 7.24 1.60 1.05 1.70 0.71 2.19

1-49 workers ................................................. 26.30 19.47 6.84 1.51 0.98 1.61 0.56 2.17

50-99 workers ............................................... 28.92 20.38 8.54 1.86 1.29 1.98 1.18 2.23

100 workers or more ......................................... 36.29 24.73 11.57 2.90 1.13 3.27 1.61 2.66

100-499 workers ........................................... 30.82 21.62 9.21 2.26 0.83 2.60 1.13 2.39

500 workers or more ..................................... 45.41 29.91 15.50 3.95 1.64 4.38 2.40 3.12

Union ................................................................ 47.42 29.03 18.39 3.73 1.28 6.02 3.97 3.38

Nonunion .......................................................... 29.69 21.31 8.38 2.04 1.07 2.09 0.87 2.31

Percent of total compensation

All workers, goods-producing industries1 ... 100.0 66.4 33.6 6.5 3.9 9.3 5.4 8.5

1-99 workers ..................................................... 100.0 70.6 29.4 4.9 2.9 7.8 3.8 10.0

1-49 workers ................................................. 100.0 71.9 28.1 4.6 2.8 7.1 3.3 10.4

50-99 workers ............................................... 100.0 67.5 32.5 5.6 3.2 9.5 4.9 9.3

100 workers or more ......................................... 100.0 63.8 36.2 7.5 4.5 10.3 6.5 7.4

100-499 workers ........................................... 100.0 65.6 34.4 6.9 3.7 10.6 5.0 8.2

500 workers or more ..................................... 100.0 61.8 38.2 8.2 5.4 9.9 8.1 6.6

Union ................................................................ 100.0 57.8 42.2 5.4 4.0 13.7 10.6 8.5

Nonunion .......................................................... 100.0 68.6 31.4 6.8 3.9 8.2 4.1 8.4

All workers, service-providing industries2 .. 100.0 70.6 29.4 7.0 3.5 7.7 3.5 7.7

1-99 workers ..................................................... 100.0 73.1 26.9 5.9 3.9 6.3 2.6 8.1

1-49 workers ................................................. 100.0 74.0 26.0 5.8 3.7 6.1 2.1 8.3

50-99 workers ............................................... 100.0 70.5 29.5 6.4 4.5 6.8 4.1 7.7

100 workers or more ......................................... 100.0 68.1 31.9 8.0 3.1 9.0 4.4 7.3

100-499 workers ........................................... 100.0 70.1 29.9 7.3 2.7 8.4 3.7 7.7

500 workers or more ..................................... 100.0 65.9 34.1 8.7 3.6 9.7 5.3 6.9

Union ................................................................ 100.0 61.2 38.8 7.9 2.7 12.7 8.4 7.1

Nonunion .......................................................... 100.0 71.8 28.2 6.9 3.6 7.0 2.9 7.8

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming, and hunting sector is excluded. 2 Includes utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational

services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except

public administration.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

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Table 14. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total

compensation: Private industry health care and social assistance workers, by industry and occupational group,

June 2016

Series

Total

compensation

Wages

and

salaries

Benefit costs

Total Paid

leave

Supplemental

pay

Insurance

Retirement

and

savings

Legally

required

benefits

Cost per hour worked

Health care and social assistance .................... $32.85 $22.97 $9.88 $2.62 $0.69 $2.86 $1.30 $2.41

Management, professional, and related ....... 46.65 32.39 14.26 4.05 0.99 3.85 2.23 3.15

Registered nurses .................................... 52.27 35.02 17.25 4.71 1.69 4.68 2.52 3.65

Sales and office ............................................ 22.90 15.91 6.99 1.67 0.35 2.68 0.57 1.73

Service .......................................................... 18.58 13.37 5.21 1.10 0.43 1.61 0.37 1.69

Hospitals ......................................................... 44.46 29.22 15.24 4.13 1.47 4.58 2.02 3.05

Management, professional, and related ....... 53.66 35.55 18.11 5.19 1.74 5.04 2.52 3.61

Registered nurses .................................... 56.35 36.97 19.38 5.34 2.12 5.30 2.78 3.84

Service .......................................................... 23.59 15.02 8.57 1.66 1.06 3.15 0.89 1.80

Nursing and residential care facilities .......... 22.49 16.16 6.33 1.51 0.50 1.99 0.36 1.97

Management, professional, and related ....... 34.66 25.28 9.38 2.49 0.72 2.75 0.68 2.74

Service .......................................................... 17.02 12.12 4.90 1.04 0.42 1.59 0.22 1.63

Nursing care facilities1 .............................. 25.14 17.97 7.17 1.74 0.61 2.22 0.50 2.11

Management, professional, and related ....... 38.67 28.16 10.51 2.82 0.86 2.96 0.87 3.01

Service .......................................................... 18.24 12.80 5.44 1.16 0.50 1.80 0.32 1.66

Percent of total compensation

Health care and social assistance .................... 100.0 69.9 30.1 8.0 2.1 8.7 4.0 7.3

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 69.4 30.6 8.7 2.1 8.3 4.8 6.8

Registered nurses .................................... 100.0 67.0 33.0 9.0 3.2 9.0 4.8 7.0

Sales and office ............................................ 100.0 69.5 30.5 7.3 1.5 11.7 2.5 7.5

Service .......................................................... 100.0 71.9 28.1 5.9 2.3 8.7 2.0 9.1

Hospitals ......................................................... 100.0 65.7 34.3 9.3 3.3 10.3 4.5 6.9

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 66.3 33.7 9.7 3.2 9.4 4.7 6.7

Registered nurses .................................... 100.0 65.6 34.4 9.5 3.8 9.4 4.9 6.8

Service .......................................................... 100.0 63.7 36.3 7.1 4.5 13.4 3.8 7.6

Nursing and residential care facilities .......... 100.0 71.9 28.1 6.7 2.2 8.8 1.6 8.8

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 72.9 27.1 7.2 2.1 7.9 2.0 7.9

Service .......................................................... 100.0 71.2 28.8 6.1 2.4 9.3 1.3 9.6

Nursing care facilities1 .............................. 100.0 71.5 28.5 6.9 2.4 8.8 2.0 8.4

Management, professional, and related ....... 100.0 72.8 27.2 7.3 2.2 7.6 2.2 7.8

Service .......................................................... 100.0 70.2 29.8 6.4 2.7 9.9 1.8 9.1

1 Data are available beginning with December 2006.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

- 23 -