Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-15-0838 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 8, 2015 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — APRIL 2015 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 223,000 in April, and the unemployment rate was 

essentially unchanged at 5.4 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains 

occurred in professional and business services, health care, and construction. Mining employment 

continued to decline. 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, April 2013 – April 2015

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Apr-13 Jul-13 Oct-13 Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan-15 Apr-15

Percent Thousands

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

Ap r-13 Jul-13 Oct-13 Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan-15 Ap r-15

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

April 2013 – April 2015

Household Survey Data 

In April, both the unemployment rate (5.4 percent) and the number of unemployed persons (8.5 

million) were essentially unchanged. Over the year, the unemployment rate and the number of 

unemployed persons were down by 0.8 percentage point and 1.1 million, respectively. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Asians increased to 4.4 percent. The rates 

for adult men (5.0 percent), adult women (4.9 percent), teenagers (17.1 percent), whites (4.7 percent), 

blacks (9.6 percent), and Hispanics (6.9 percent) showed little or no change in April. (See tables A-1, 

A-2, and A-3.) 
- 2 - 

The number of persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks increased by 241,000 to 2.7 million in April. 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) changed little at 2.5 

million, accounting for 29.0 percent of the unemployed. Over the past 12 months, the number of longterm unemployed has decreased by 888,000. (See table A-12.) 

In April, the civilian labor force participation rate (62.8 percent) changed little. Since April 2014, the 

participation rate has remained within a narrow range of 62.7 percent to 62.9 percent. The employmentpopulation ratio held at 59.3 percent in April and has been at this level since January. (See 

table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 6.6 million in April, but is down by 880,000 from a 

year earlier. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time 

because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See 

table A-8.) 

In April, 2.1 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little changed over the year. 

(The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were 

available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as 

unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See 

table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 756,000 discouraged workers in April, little different from 

a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently 

looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.4 million persons 

marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work for reasons such as school 

attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 223,000 in April, after edging up in March (+85,000). In 

April, employment increased in professional and business services, health care, and construction, while 

employment in mining continued to decline. (See table B-1.) 

Professional and business services added 62,000 jobs in April. Over the prior 3 months, job gains 

averaged 35,000 per month. In April, services to buildings and dwellings added 16,000 jobs, following 

little change in March. Employment continued to trend up in April in computer systems design and 

related services (+9,000), in business support services (+7,000), and in management and technical 

consulting services (+6,000). 

Health care employment increased by 45,000 in April. Job growth was distributed among the three 

major components—ambulatory health care services (+25,000), hospitals (+12,000), and nursing and 

residential care facilities (+8,000). Over the past year, health care has added 390,000 jobs. 

Employment in construction rose by 45,000 in April, after changing little in March. Over the past 12 

months, construction has added 280,000 jobs. In April, job growth was concentrated in specialty trade 

contractors (+41,000), with employment gains about evenly split between the residential and 

nonresidential components. Employment declined over the month in nonresidential building 

construction (-8,000). 
- 3 - 

In April, employment continued to trend up in transportation and warehousing (+15,000). 

Employment in mining fell by 15,000 in April, with most of the job loss in support activities for mining 

(-10,000) and in oil and gas extraction (-3,000). Since the beginning of the year, employment in mining 

has declined by 49,000, with losses concentrated in support activities for mining. 

Employment in other major industries, including manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail trade, 

information, financial activities, leisure and hospitality, and government, showed little change over 

the month.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 34.5 hours in April. 

The manufacturing workweek for all employees edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours, and factory 

overtime edged down by 0.1 hour to 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and 

nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 

and B-7.) 

In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 3 cents to 

$24.87. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 2.2 percent. Average hourly 

earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees edged up by 2 cents to $20.90 in 

April. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised from +264,000 to +266,000, 

and the change for March was revised from +126,000 to +85,000. With these revisions, employment 

gains in February and March combined were 39,000 lower than previously reported. Over the past 3 

months, job gains have averaged 191,000 per month. 

 

The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 5, 2015, at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

Change from:

Mar. 2015-

Apr. 2015

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 247,439 249,899 250,080 250,266 186

Civilian labor force........................................................... 155,420 157,002 156,906 157,072 166

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.8 62.8 62.7 62.8 0.1

Employed................................................................... 145,724 148,297 148,331 148,523 192

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 58.9 59.3 59.3 59.3 0.0

Unemployed............................................................... 9,696 8,705 8,575 8,549 -26

Unemployment rate.................................................... 6.2 5.5 5.5 5.4 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 92,019 92,898 93,175 93,194 19

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 6.2 5.5 5.5 5.4 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 5.9 5.2 5.1 5.0 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 5.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 0.0

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 19.1 17.1 17.5 17.1 -0.4

White.......................................................................... 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 0.0

Black or African American.................................................. 11.4 10.4 10.1 9.6 -0.5

Asian.......................................................................... 5.9 4.0 3.2 4.4 1.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 7.5 6.6 6.8 6.9 0.1

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 5.2 4.5 4.4 4.5 0.1

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 8.8 8.4 8.6 8.6 0.0

High school graduates, no college........................................ 6.3 5.4 5.3 5.4 0.1

Some college or associate degree........................................ 5.6 5.1 4.8 4.7 -0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 3.3 2.7 2.5 2.7 0.2

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 5,153 4,180 4,189 4,136 -53

Job leavers...................................................................... 786 884 875 828 -47

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,631 2,655 2,689 2,685 -4

New entrants.................................................................... 1,052 972 815 868 53

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,451 2,431 2,488 2,729 241

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,346 2,223 2,312 2,307 -5

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,509 1,335 1,253 1,139 -114

27 weeks and over............................................................. 3,413 2,709 2,563 2,525 -38

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 7,460 6,635 6,705 6,580 -125

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 4,517 3,847 4,069 3,885 -184

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,624 2,426 2,337 2,374 37

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 18,915 19,837 19,733 20,056 323

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 2,160 2,159 2,055 2,115 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 783 732 738 756 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 266 85 223

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 261 94 213

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 20 -21 31

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 -14 -12 -15

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 31 -9 45

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3 0 1

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6 1 -1

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 3.4 -0.7 6.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 -3 -1 2

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 241 115 182

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 10.4 9.9 -4.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.7 23.1 24.5 12.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.9 9.4 8.1 15.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.8 0.9 1.0 1.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7 0 3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9 7 9

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 49 35 62

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 -4.4 13.2 16.1

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 61 35 61

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.7 38.7 30.6 55.6

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 61 -6 17

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 10 1 6

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5 -9 10

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 265 184 191

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 261 186 189

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 49.3 49.3 49.3

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 47.9 47.9 47.9

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.7 82.5 82.5 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.6 34.5 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24.34 $24.78 $24.84 $24.87

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $839.73 $857.39 $856.98 $858.02

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.5 103.1 102.8 103.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 -0.3 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.8 121.9 121.9 122.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.3

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (263 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 62.0 59.5 57.0

Manufacturing (80 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 54.4 45.6 50.6

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 143,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 588,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 105,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -55,000 to +155,000 

(50,000 +/- 105,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from 

-0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2014

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247,439 250,080 250,266 247,439 249,027 249,723 249,899 250,080 250,266

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,845 156,318 156,554 155,420 156,129 157,180 157,002 156,906 157,072

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 62.5 62.6 62.8 62.7 62.9 62.8 62.7 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,767 147,635 148,587 145,724 147,442 148,201 148,297 148,331 148,523

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.9 59.0 59.4 58.9 59.2 59.3 59.3 59.3 59.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,079 8,682 7,966 9,696 8,688 8,979 8,705 8,575 8,549

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.6 5.1 6.2 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,594 93,762 93,712 92,019 92,898 92,544 92,898 93,175 93,194

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,088 6,065 6,096 6,173 6,445 6,358 6,538 6,369 6,258

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,488 120,738 120,831 119,488 120,301 120,559 120,647 120,738 120,831

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,104 83,229 83,358 82,580 83,210 83,771 83,772 83,694 83,805

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 68.9 69.0 69.1 69.2 69.5 69.4 69.3 69.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,086 78,275 78,996 77,329 78,400 78,869 79,006 79,014 79,203

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.5 64.8 65.4 64.7 65.2 65.4 65.5 65.4 65.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,018 4,954 4,362 5,251 4,810 4,903 4,766 4,680 4,602

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.0 5.2 6.4 5.8 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,384 37,509 37,473 36,908 37,091 36,787 36,875 37,044 37,026

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,027 112,304 112,400 111,027 111,875 112,117 112,209 112,304 112,400

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,571 80,533 80,670 79,837 80,271 80,804 80,831 80,752 80,884

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.7 71.7 71.8 71.9 71.8 72.1 72.0 71.9 72.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,059 76,122 76,749 75,163 76,026 76,496 76,588 76,653 76,805

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.6 67.8 68.3 67.7 68.0 68.2 68.3 68.3 68.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,512 4,411 3,921 4,674 4,245 4,308 4,243 4,099 4,079

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 5.5 4.9 5.9 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,456 31,771 31,730 31,190 31,603 31,313 31,379 31,552 31,516

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,951 129,342 129,434 127,951 128,726 129,165 129,252 129,342 129,434

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,741 73,089 73,196 72,840 72,919 73,408 73,230 73,211 73,267

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 56.5 56.6 56.9 56.6 56.8 56.7 56.6 56.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,680 69,360 69,591 68,395 69,042 69,332 69,291 69,317 69,320

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.7 53.6 53.8 53.5 53.6 53.7 53.6 53.6 53.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,061 3,729 3,605 4,445 3,878 4,076 3,939 3,894 3,947

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.1 4.9 6.1 5.3 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,210 56,253 56,238 55,111 55,807 55,756 56,023 56,131 56,167

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,760 121,152 121,246 119,760 120,557 120,970 121,060 121,152 121,246

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,100 70,374 70,509 70,041 70,111 70,558 70,370 70,330 70,419

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.1 58.2 58.5 58.2 58.3 58.1 58.1 58.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,452 67,022 67,303 66,076 66,632 66,983 66,901 66,874 66,935

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 55.3 55.5 55.2 55.3 55.4 55.3 55.2 55.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,648 3,352 3,206 3,964 3,479 3,575 3,469 3,455 3,483

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.8 4.5 5.7 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,660 50,779 50,737 49,719 50,446 50,412 50,690 50,823 50,828

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,652 16,624 16,619 16,652 16,595 16,636 16,630 16,624 16,619

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,174 5,411 5,375 5,542 5,747 5,817 5,801 5,824 5,769

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.1 32.5 32.3 33.3 34.6 35.0 34.9 35.0 34.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,256 4,491 4,536 4,485 4,784 4,722 4,808 4,804 4,784

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 27.0 27.3 26.9 28.8 28.4 28.9 28.9 28.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918 920 840 1,057 963 1,096 993 1,021 986

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.7 17.0 15.6 19.1 16.8 18.8 17.1 17.5 17.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,478 11,213 11,244 11,110 10,849 10,819 10,829 10,800 10,849

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2014

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195,210 196,482 196,574 195,210 196,091 196,307 196,392 196,482 196,574

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,659 123,196 123,089 123,085 123,058 124,119 123,875 123,739 123,510

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 62.7 62.6 63.1 62.8 63.2 63.1 63.0 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,536 117,178 117,642 116,602 117,186 118,035 117,992 117,886 117,719

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 59.6 59.8 59.7 59.8 60.1 60.1 60.0 59.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,123 6,018 5,448 6,483 5,872 6,084 5,883 5,853 5,791

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.9 4.4 5.3 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,550 73,286 73,484 72,125 73,033 72,189 72,517 72,743 73,064

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,216 64,674 64,613 64,396 64,392 64,871 64,920 64,899 64,764

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 72.1 72.0 72.3 71.9 72.4 72.4 72.4 72.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,097 61,538 61,870 61,161 61,551 61,953 62,015 62,023 61,919

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 68.6 69.0 68.7 68.8 69.2 69.2 69.2 69.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,119 3,136 2,744 3,235 2,842 2,918 2,906 2,876 2,845

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.8 4.2 5.0 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,358 54,239 54,238 54,309 54,223 54,683 54,401 54,256 54,198

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 57.4 57.4 57.9 57.5 57.9 57.6 57.4 57.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,984 52,027 52,115 51,761 51,824 52,267 52,105 51,998 51,912

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 55.1 55.1 55.2 55.0 55.4 55.2 55.0 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,374 2,212 2,123 2,547 2,399 2,416 2,296 2,258 2,286

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.1 3.9 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,085 4,283 4,239 4,380 4,443 4,565 4,554 4,584 4,548

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.0 34.7 34.4 35.3 36.0 37.0 36.9 37.2 36.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,455 3,613 3,657 3,680 3,811 3,814 3,872 3,865 3,888

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 29.3 29.7 29.7 30.9 30.9 31.4 31.3 31.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630 670 582 701 632 751 682 719 660

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 15.6 13.7 16.0 14.2 16.4 15.0 15.7 14.5

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,755 31,257 31,293 30,755 31,040 31,188 31,222 31,257 31,293

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,675 19,020 19,380 18,728 19,037 19,040 19,101 19,055 19,397

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 60.8 61.9 60.9 61.3 61.0 61.2 61.0 62.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,682 17,117 17,648 16,595 17,050 17,071 17,122 17,129 17,529

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 54.8 56.4 54.0 54.9 54.7 54.8 54.8 56.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,993 1,902 1,731 2,133 1,986 1,969 1,979 1,926 1,868

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 10.0 8.9 11.4 10.4 10.3 10.4 10.1 9.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,080 12,237 11,913 12,027 12,003 12,148 12,122 12,202 11,896

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,391 8,714 8,868 8,444 8,717 8,676 8,710 8,711 8,926

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.1 67.2 68.3 66.5 67.8 67.1 67.3 67.2 68.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,520 7,810 8,095 7,543 7,756 7,757 7,805 7,841 8,109

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 60.2 62.3 59.4 60.3 60.0 60.3 60.5 62.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872 904 773 901 962 919 905 870 817

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 10.4 8.7 10.7 11.0 10.6 10.4 10.0 9.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,626 9,714 9,868 9,578 9,598 9,667 9,665 9,703 9,792

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 61.5 62.4 61.7 61.2 61.3 61.3 61.4 61.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,722 8,853 9,067 8,606 8,812 8,824 8,809 8,807 8,928

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.1 56.0 57.3 55.4 56.2 56.0 55.8 55.8 56.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903 862 801 972 785 843 857 895 864

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 8.9 8.1 10.2 8.2 8.7 8.9 9.2 8.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658 591 643 706 722 697 726 642 678

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.2 23.7 25.8 28.0 29.0 27.9 29.1 25.7 27.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 455 486 446 482 490 508 481 491

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.5 18.2 19.5 17.7 19.4 19.6 20.4 19.3 19.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 137 157 260 240 207 218 161 187

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 23.1 24.4 36.8 33.2 29.7 30.0 25.0 27.5

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,841 14,296 14,290 13,841 13,886 14,253 14,291 14,296 14,290

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2014

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,782 8,967 9,023 8,803 8,771 8,899 9,038 8,934 9,038

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 62.7 63.1 63.6 63.2 62.4 63.2 62.5 63.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,283 8,685 8,644 8,287 8,398 8,540 8,680 8,646 8,644

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 60.7 60.5 59.9 60.5 59.9 60.7 60.5 60.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 282 379 516 373 359 358 288 394

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 3.1 4.2 5.9 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.2 4.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,059 5,329 5,267 5,038 5,115 5,355 5,253 5,363 5,251

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2014

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 38,203 39,323 39,405 38,203 38,839 39,165 39,244 39,323 39,405

Civilian labor force................................ 25,028 25,991 26,092 25,159 25,644 26,047 25,962 26,087 26,167

Participation rate............................... 65.5 66.1 66.2 65.9 66.0 66.5 66.2 66.3 66.4

Employed....................................... 23,343 24,177 24,443 23,268 23,988 24,305 24,238 24,319 24,354

Employment-population ratio............... 61.1 61.5 62.0 60.9 61.8 62.1 61.8 61.8 61.8

Unemployed.................................... 1,685 1,814 1,650 1,891 1,656 1,742 1,724 1,768 1,813

Unemployment rate......................... 6.7 7.0 6.3 7.5 6.5 6.7 6.6 6.8 6.9

Not in labor force................................. 13,175 13,332 13,312 13,044 13,196 13,118 13,282 13,236 13,237

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 13,869 14,407 14,442 13,926 14,264 14,479 14,465 14,465 14,484

Participation rate............................... 80.3 81.3 81.3 80.6 81.1 82.1 81.8 81.6 81.6

Employed....................................... 13,080 13,519 13,646 13,047 13,507 13,647 13,601 13,627 13,614

Employment-population ratio............... 75.7 76.3 76.8 75.5 76.8 77.3 76.9 76.9 76.7

Unemployed.................................... 789 888 796 879 757 832 864 837 870

Unemployment rate......................... 5.7 6.2 5.5 6.3 5.3 5.7 6.0 5.8 6.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,136 10,453 10,556 10,152 10,168 10,344 10,309 10,435 10,526

Participation rate............................... 58.7 58.4 58.8 58.8 57.9 58.0 57.7 58.3 58.6

Employed....................................... 9,462 9,748 9,876 9,403 9,501 9,704 9,685 9,755 9,802

Employment-population ratio............... 54.8 54.4 55.0 54.4 54.1 54.4 54.2 54.5 54.6

Unemployed.................................... 674 705 680 749 667 640 625 680 725

Unemployment rate......................... 6.6 6.7 6.4 7.4 6.6 6.2 6.1 6.5 6.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,023 1,131 1,094 1,081 1,211 1,224 1,187 1,187 1,157

Participation rate............................... 28.0 30.6 29.6 29.6 32.9 33.2 32.2 32.2 31.3

Employed....................................... 801 909 920 818 980 954 952 937 938

Employment-population ratio............... 21.9 24.6 24.9 22.4 26.6 25.9 25.8 25.4 25.4

Unemployed.................................... 222 222 174 263 231 270 235 250 218

Unemployment rate......................... 21.7 19.6 15.9 24.3 19.1 22.1 19.8 21.1 18.9

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2014

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,946 11,113 11,544 10,796 11,031 11,439 11,126 11,089 11,338

Participation rate.................................. 44.9 45.2 46.6 44.2 45.4 46.0 46.3 45.1 45.7

Employed.......................................... 10,006 10,067 10,577 9,849 10,079 10,468 10,196 10,134 10,367

Employment-population ratio................. 41.0 40.9 42.7 40.4 41.5 42.1 42.4 41.2 41.8

Unemployed....................................... 940 1,046 967 947 952 971 929 955 971

Unemployment rate............................ 8.6 9.4 8.4 8.8 8.6 8.5 8.4 8.6 8.6

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,050 35,620 35,565 36,112 35,164 35,418 35,371 35,656 35,577

Participation rate.................................. 57.9 57.2 57.2 58.0 57.5 57.9 57.4 57.3 57.2

Employed.......................................... 33,890 33,591 33,712 33,854 33,310 33,492 33,464 33,752 33,639

Employment-population ratio................. 54.4 53.9 54.2 54.4 54.5 54.8 54.3 54.2 54.1

Unemployed....................................... 2,160 2,029 1,853 2,258 1,854 1,926 1,907 1,904 1,938

Unemployment rate............................ 6.0 5.7 5.2 6.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,176 37,411 37,715 37,389 37,140 37,479 37,490 37,558 37,755

Participation rate.................................. 66.9 67.3 67.3 67.3 66.9 67.2 66.8 67.6 67.4

Employed.......................................... 35,165 35,568 36,044 35,277 35,310 35,540 35,588 35,755 35,996

Employment-population ratio................. 63.3 64.0 64.3 63.5 63.6 63.8 63.4 64.4 64.2

Unemployed....................................... 2,011 1,843 1,671 2,112 1,831 1,939 1,902 1,803 1,759

Unemployment rate............................ 5.4 4.9 4.4 5.6 4.9 5.2 5.1 4.8 4.7

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 50,212 51,573 51,314 50,001 51,772 51,550 51,583 51,272 51,156

Participation rate.................................. 75.5 74.8 74.8 75.2 74.6 74.4 74.4 74.3 74.6

Employed.......................................... 48,684 50,333 50,013 48,357 50,290 50,084 50,172 50,007 49,758

Employment-population ratio................. 73.2 73.0 72.9 72.7 72.5 72.3 72.3 72.5 72.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,527 1,240 1,301 1,645 1,482 1,466 1,411 1,265 1,399

Unemployment rate............................ 3.0 2.4 2.5 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.7

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2015

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,239 21,274 18,992 19,281 2,247 1,993

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,727 10,783 9,337 9,539 1,390 1,244

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.5 50.7 49.2 49.5 61.8 62.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,124 10,277 8,815 9,089 1,308 1,188

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.7 48.3 46.4 47.1 58.2 59.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603 507 522 450 81 57

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 4.7 5.6 4.7 5.8 4.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,512 10,491 9,655 9,742 857 749

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,019 3,609 2,444 3,005 575 604

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,403 2,927 2,019 2,500 385 427

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.6 81.1 82.6 83.2 66.9 70.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,240 2,726 1,885 2,329 355 397

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.2 75.5 77.1 77.5 61.7 65.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 201 134 171 30 30

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 6.9 6.6 6.9 7.7 7.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615 682 425 505 190 177

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,421 3,380 2,704 2,827 717 553

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,764 2,695 2,246 2,309 518 386

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.8 79.7 83.0 81.7 72.2 69.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,635 2,620 2,144 2,251 491 369

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.0 77.5 79.3 79.6 68.5 66.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 76 102 58 27 18

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 2.8 4.5 2.5 5.2 4.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658 685 458 518 199 167

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,476 8,988 9,120 8,669 356 319

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,755 2,415 2,659 2,308 96 107

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.1 26.9 29.2 26.6 26.9 33.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,620 2,309 2,536 2,202 85 107

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7 25.7 27.8 25.4 23.8 33.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 106 123 106 11 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.4 4.6 4.6 11.6 0.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,721 6,573 6,461 6,361 260 212

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,323 5,297 4,724 4,780 599 517

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,805 2,746 2,414 2,422 391 324

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.7 51.8 51.1 50.7 65.3 62.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,629 2,622 2,251 2,307 378 315

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 49.5 47.6 48.3 63.1 60.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 124 163 115 13 9

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 4.5 6.8 4.7 3.4 2.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,518 2,551 2,310 2,358 208 193

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217,259 220,131 95,940 97,005 121,319 123,127

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,440 143,938 71,995 72,880 70,445 71,058

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 65.4 75.0 75.1 58.1 57.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,317 136,829 67,700 69,160 66,617 67,668

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 62.2 70.6 71.3 54.9 55.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,123 7,109 4,295 3,720 3,828 3,390

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 4.9 6.0 5.1 5.4 4.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,819 76,193 23,945 24,124 50,874 52,069

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2015

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 28,915 29,608 218,524 220,658

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,528 5,704 149,317 150,850

Participation rate..................................................................... 19.1 19.3 68.3 68.4

Employed............................................................................. 4,838 5,136 140,929 143,451

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 16.7 17.3 64.5 65.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 690 568 8,389 7,399

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.5 10.0 5.6 4.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,388 23,904 69,207 69,807

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,488 2,504 74,982 75,994

Participation rate..................................................................... 32.5 32.5 81.5 82.1

Employed............................................................................. 2,128 2,221 70,562 72,124

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 27.8 28.8 76.7 77.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 359 282 4,421 3,870

Unemployment rate............................................................... 14.4 11.3 5.9 5.1

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,172 5,199 17,038 16,576

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,057 2,240 66,893 67,015

Participation rate..................................................................... 26.4 27.9 70.2 70.0

Employed............................................................................. 1,782 2,026 63,250 63,745

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 22.8 25.2 66.4 66.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 275 214 3,643 3,270

Unemployment rate............................................................... 13.4 9.6 5.4 4.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,745 5,801 28,425 28,721

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 983 960 7,442 7,841

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.3 6.9 23.9 24.2

Employed............................................................................. 927 889 7,117 7,582

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.9 6.4 22.8 23.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 56 71 325 259

Unemployment rate............................................................... 5.7 7.4 4.4 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 12,470 12,905 23,743 24,510

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2015

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 38,391 39,997 18,592 19,286 19,799 20,711

Civilian labor force.................................................. 25,127 26,103 14,590 15,094 10,536 11,008

Participation rate.................................................. 65.5 65.3 78.5 78.3 53.2 53.2

Employed.......................................................... 23,713 24,819 13,828 14,406 9,885 10,413

Employment-population ratio................................. 61.8 62.1 74.4 74.7 49.9 50.3

Unemployed....................................................... 1,414 1,284 763 689 652 595

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.6 4.9 5.2 4.6 6.2 5.4

Not in labor force.................................................... 13,264 13,895 4,001 4,192 9,263 9,703

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 209,049 210,268 100,896 101,545 108,152 108,723

Civilian labor force.................................................. 129,718 130,451 67,514 68,263 62,205 62,188

Participation rate.................................................. 62.1 62.0 66.9 67.2 57.5 57.2

Employed.......................................................... 122,054 123,769 63,259 64,590 58,795 59,179

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.4 58.9 62.7 63.6 54.4 54.4

Unemployed....................................................... 7,664 6,683 4,255 3,673 3,409 3,009

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.9 5.1 6.3 5.4 5.5 4.8

Not in labor force.................................................... 79,330 79,817 33,383 33,281 45,948 46,535

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2014

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,048 2,405 2,294 2,167 2,358 2,419 2,430 2,559 2,435

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,265 1,490 1,463 1,393 1,506 1,566 1,572 1,628 1,610

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 773 881 799 768 815 835 833 893 794

Unpaid family workers........................... 10 34 32 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 143,718 145,230 146,293 143,566 145,101 145,743 145,880 145,699 146,111

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 135,119 136,563 137,371 134,918 136,415 136,949 137,447 136,830 137,148

Government..................................... 20,626 20,729 20,840 20,316 19,956 20,330 20,582 20,246 20,455

Private industries............................... 114,494 115,834 116,531 114,630 116,469 116,664 116,890 116,654 116,707

Private households.......................... 868 798 793 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 113,625 115,037 115,738 113,742 115,676 115,724 116,042 115,839 115,899

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,518 8,588 8,837 8,545 8,660 8,725 8,386 8,685 8,826

Unpaid family workers........................... 81 79 84 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 7,243 6,672 6,356 7,460 6,790 6,810 6,635 6,705 6,580

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,346 4,027 3,728 4,517 4,061 4,012 3,847 4,069 3,885

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,615 2,333 2,370 2,624 2,432 2,460 2,426 2,337 2,374

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,707 20,159 20,992 18,915 19,730 19,822 19,837 19,733 20,056

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 7,120 6,569 6,277 7,335 6,699 6,690 6,539 6,620 6,501

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,277 3,966 3,674 4,453 3,983 3,951 3,791 4,028 3,835

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,604 2,320 2,354 2,585 2,411 2,432 2,415 2,302 2,352

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,393 19,786 20,622 18,614 19,416 19,446 19,505 19,374 19,705

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2014

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,767 147,635 148,587 145,724 147,442 148,201 148,297 148,331 148,523

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,256 4,491 4,536 4,485 4,784 4,722 4,808 4,804 4,784

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,325 1,445 1,482 1,455 1,678 1,651 1,637 1,615 1,630

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,931 3,046 3,053 3,026 3,090 3,058 3,186 3,189 3,147

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,511 143,144 144,052 141,239 142,658 143,480 143,489 143,527 143,740

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,765 13,584 13,706 13,881 13,847 14,011 14,114 13,823 13,851

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,745 129,560 130,346 127,309 128,860 129,435 129,349 129,614 129,861

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,421 96,300 96,742 95,201 95,975 96,464 96,565 96,501 96,482

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,751 32,563 32,767 31,729 32,354 32,574 32,682 32,693 32,734

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,031 31,103 31,200 30,913 31,021 31,157 31,071 31,095 31,072

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,639 32,634 32,775 32,559 32,600 32,734 32,812 32,713 32,676

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,324 33,260 33,605 32,107 32,885 32,971 32,784 33,113 33,379

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,086 78,275 78,996 77,329 78,400 78,869 79,006 79,014 79,203

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,027 2,153 2,247 2,166 2,374 2,372 2,418 2,361 2,399

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 668 746 641 828 802 791 762 830

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,457 1,485 1,501 1,514 1,531 1,560 1,636 1,584 1,557

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,059 76,122 76,749 75,163 76,026 76,496 76,588 76,653 76,805

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,099 6,932 7,050 7,204 7,167 7,198 7,324 7,088 7,158

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,960 69,190 69,698 67,927 68,890 69,248 69,190 69,506 69,633

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,903 51,615 51,861 50,931 51,448 51,809 51,860 51,948 51,863

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,132 17,639 17,763 17,184 17,534 17,722 17,743 17,804 17,798

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,674 16,746 16,832 16,672 16,748 16,807 16,760 16,824 16,818

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,097 17,230 17,266 17,076 17,166 17,281 17,357 17,321 17,247

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,056 17,575 17,837 16,996 17,441 17,439 17,330 17,557 17,770

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,680 69,360 69,591 68,395 69,042 69,332 69,291 69,317 69,320

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,228 2,339 2,288 2,318 2,410 2,349 2,389 2,442 2,385

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754 778 736 814 850 849 846 853 800

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,474 1,561 1,553 1,512 1,559 1,499 1,550 1,605 1,590

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,452 67,022 67,303 66,076 66,632 66,983 66,901 66,874 66,935

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,666 6,652 6,655 6,677 6,680 6,813 6,790 6,735 6,693

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,786 60,370 60,648 59,381 59,970 60,187 60,159 60,108 60,228

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,518 44,685 44,881 44,270 44,527 44,655 44,705 44,552 44,619

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,619 14,924 15,004 14,546 14,820 14,852 14,939 14,889 14,936

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,357 14,356 14,369 14,241 14,273 14,350 14,311 14,271 14,255

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,542 15,404 15,508 15,483 15,434 15,453 15,456 15,392 15,429

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,268 15,685 15,768 15,111 15,443 15,532 15,453 15,556 15,609

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,449 45,103 45,042 44,477 44,588 44,934 44,951 45,304 45,023

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,830 35,232 35,045 34,795 34,645 34,843 34,910 35,106 34,974

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,602 9,443 9,706 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,073 119,981 120,402 118,458 119,934 120,711 120,834 121,024 120,772

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,693 27,655 28,185 27,251 27,506 27,546 27,471 27,301 27,738

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,162 7,264 7,000 7,100 7,285 7,485 7,059 7,158 6,986

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.7

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,384 5,514 5,378 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,290 9,469 9,636 9,313 9,475 9,560 9,220 9,579 9,620

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Apr.

2014

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 9,696 8,575 8,549 6.2 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 1,057 1,021 986 19.1 16.8 18.8 17.1 17.5 17.1

16 to 17 years.................................. 414 356 407 22.2 18.8 19.9 18.6 18.1 20.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 636 659 560 17.4 15.4 18.2 16.4 17.1 15.1

20 years and over................................ 8,639 7,554 7,563 5.8 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,638 1,599 1,466 10.6 10.8 9.8 10.0 10.4 9.6

25 years and over.............................. 6,927 5,932 6,054 5.2 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5

25 to 54 years............................... 5,366 4,559 4,687 5.3 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.6

25 to 34 years............................. 2,235 1,955 2,003 6.6 5.9 5.9 5.4 5.6 5.8

35 to 44 years............................. 1,575 1,346 1,387 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.3

45 to 54 years............................. 1,556 1,259 1,297 4.6 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.8

55 years and over........................... 1,560 1,356 1,377 4.6 3.9 4.1 4.3 3.9 4.0

Men, 16 years and over............................ 5,251 4,680 4,602 6.4 5.8 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.5

16 to 19 years..................................... 577 581 522 21.0 19.2 20.0 17.8 19.8 17.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 235 196 220 26.9 20.0 20.8 19.2 20.5 21.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 334 387 280 18.1 18.2 19.4 17.3 19.6 15.2

20 years and over................................ 4,674 4,099 4,079 5.9 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 974 893 844 11.9 11.6 11.5 10.9 11.2 10.5

25 years and over.............................. 3,664 3,184 3,207 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.4

25 to 54 years............................... 2,827 2,432 2,427 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.5

25 to 34 years............................. 1,211 1,053 1,011 6.6 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.4

35 to 44 years............................. 821 720 704 4.7 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.0

45 to 54 years............................. 795 660 712 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.0

55 years and over........................... 837 752 780 4.7 4.2 4.1 4.6 4.1 4.2

Women, 16 years and over........................ 4,445 3,894 3,947 6.1 5.3 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 481 439 464 17.2 14.2 17.6 16.4 15.2 16.3

16 to 17 years.................................. 179 160 187 18.0 17.6 19.0 18.0 15.8 18.9

18 to 19 years.................................. 303 272 280 16.7 12.4 16.9 15.4 14.5 15.0

20 years and over................................ 3,964 3,455 3,483 5.7 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.9

20 to 24 years.................................. 664 706 622 9.0 9.9 7.9 9.0 9.5 8.5

25 years and over.............................. 3,263 2,747 2,847 5.2 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.5

25 to 54 years............................... 2,539 2,127 2,260 5.4 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.6 4.8

25 to 34 years............................. 1,024 902 992 6.6 6.0 5.9 5.2 5.7 6.2

35 to 44 years............................. 754 626 683 5.0 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.2 4.6

45 to 54 years............................. 762 599 585 4.7 3.9 4.4 3.8 3.7 3.7

55 years and over........................... 712 604 602 4.5 3.7 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.7

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present...................... 1,601 1,309 1,392 3.5 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.8 3.0

Married women, spouse present.................. 1,401 1,107 1,222 3.9 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.4

Women who maintain families1

.................... 897 830 730 8.5 7.8 8.1 7.7 8.1 7.0

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2................................... 8,149 7,159 7,068 6.4 5.7 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.5

Part-time workers3.................................. 1,503 1,418 1,443 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2014

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 4,972 4,503 3,977 5,153 4,325 4,242 4,180 4,189 4,136

On temporary layoff.............................. 931 1,199 871 1,014 959 902 1,021 999 950

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 4,041 3,304 3,106 4,139 3,366 3,339 3,158 3,190 3,185

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,996 2,298 2,224 3,016 2,388 2,371 2,212 2,223 2,238

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 1,045 1,006 882 1,123 977 968 946 967 948

Job leavers........................................... 751 853 780 786 798 851 884 875 828

Reentrants............................................ 2,425 2,597 2,465 2,631 2,701 2,829 2,655 2,689 2,685

New entrants......................................... 932 729 745 1,052 971 1,033 972 815 868

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 54.8 51.9 49.9 53.6 49.2 47.4 48.1 48.9 48.6

On temporary layoff.............................. 10.3 13.8 10.9 10.5 10.9 10.1 11.7 11.7 11.2

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 44.5 38.0 39.0 43.0 38.3 37.3 36.3 37.2 37.4

Job leavers........................................... 8.3 9.8 9.8 8.2 9.1 9.5 10.2 10.2 9.7

Reentrants............................................ 26.7 29.9 30.9 27.3 30.7 31.6 30.5 31.4 31.5

New entrants......................................... 10.3 8.4 9.4 10.9 11.0 11.5 11.2 9.5 10.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3.2 2.9 2.5 3.3 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7

New entrants......................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2014

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 1,993 2,108 2,235 2,451 2,375 2,383 2,431 2,488 2,729

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,946 2,511 1,930 2,346 2,293 2,318 2,223 2,312 2,307

15 weeks and over.................................. 5,139 4,064 3,802 4,922 4,059 4,180 4,044 3,816 3,663

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,653 1,428 1,238 1,509 1,274 1,380 1,335 1,253 1,139

27 weeks and over............................... 3,486 2,635 2,564 3,413 2,785 2,800 2,709 2,563 2,525

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 37.1 31.3 32.8 34.8 32.8 32.3 31.7 30.7 30.8

Median duration, in weeks......................... 18.4 13.2 13.5 15.6 12.6 13.4 13.1 12.2 11.7

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 22.0 24.3 28.1 25.2 27.2 26.8 27.9 28.9 31.4

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 21.4 28.9 24.2 24.1 26.3 26.1 25.6 26.8 26.5

15 weeks and over.................................. 56.6 46.8 47.7 50.6 46.5 47.1 46.5 44.3 42.1

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 18.2 16.5 15.5 15.5 14.6 15.5 15.4 14.5 13.1

27 weeks and over............................... 38.4 30.4 32.2 35.1 31.9 31.5 31.1 29.8 29.0

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2015

Total, 16 years and over1............................................. 145,767 148,587 9,079 7,966 5.9 5.1

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 55,896 57,953 1,642 1,435 2.9 2.4

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 22,707 23,960 748 633 3.2 2.6

Professional and related occupations.......................... 33,189 33,993 894 802 2.6 2.3

Service occupations................................................ 25,755 25,419 1,777 1,733 6.5 6.4

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,873 34,129 2,079 1,852 5.8 5.1

Sales and related occupations.................................. 16,076 15,875 997 920 5.8 5.5

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,797 18,253 1,082 932 5.7 4.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,178 13,584 1,168 1,097 8.1 7.5

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 935 1,036 152 127 14.0 10.9

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,536 7,734 821 718 9.8 8.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,707 4,814 195 253 4.0 5.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,065 17,503 1,446 1,077 7.8 5.8

Production occupations.......................................... 8,184 8,505 671 494 7.6 5.5

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 8,881 8,998 776 584 8.0 6.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2015

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 9,079 7,966 5.9 5.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 7,105 6,078 5.8 5.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 39 83 3.8 8.7

Construction.......................................................................... 796 652 9.4 7.5

Manufacturing........................................................................ 790 609 5.2 4.0

Durable goods..................................................................... 441 381 4.6 3.9

Nondurable goods................................................................ 349 228 6.1 4.1

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,225 1,148 5.9 5.6

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 372 272 6.0 4.4

Information............................................................................ 175 84 5.7 3.2

Financial activities................................................................... 470 251 5.0 2.7

Professional and business services............................................... 1,062 838 6.8 5.3

Education and health services..................................................... 826 723 3.7 3.1

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,047 1,069 8.0 7.8

Other services........................................................................ 304 350 4.8 5.4

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 151 197 11.0 12.2

Government workers................................................................... 581 521 2.7 2.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 310 425 3.2 4.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2014

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015

Apr.

2015

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 3.3 2.6 2.4 3.2 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 3.2 2.9 2.5 3.3 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 5.9 5.6 5.1 6.2 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.4

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 6.3 6.0 5.5 6.7 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.9

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 7.2 6.8 6.4 7.5 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.7

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 11.8 11.0 10.4 12.3 11.2 11.3 11.0 10.9 10.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2014

Apr.

2015

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 92,594 93,712 37,384 37,473 55,210 56,238

Persons who currently want a job................................ 6,088 6,096 2,963 2,796 3,125 3,300

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,160 2,115 1,192 1,096 969 1,019

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 783 756 488 450 295 306

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,378 1,360 704 646 674 713

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,162 7,000 3,498 3,293 3,665 3,707

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.2 5.3 5.3

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,805 3,759 2,105 1,936 1,699 1,823

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,008 1,939 686 618 1,322 1,320

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 246 214 149 144 97 70

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,055 1,050 539 570 516 480

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Change

from:

Mar.2015 -

Apr.2015p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,377 139,519 140,284 141,462 138,385 141,059 141,144 141,367 223

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,107 117,317 117,996 119,126 116,542 119,153 119,247 119,460 213

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,923 19,034 19,139 19,388 19,131 19,560 19,539 19,570 31

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877 878 866 851 886 892 880 865 -15

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 52.4 52.2 50.4 51.6 54.2 54.5 54.5 0.0

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828.6 825.5 814.2 800.4 834.7 838.1 825.8 810.9 -14.9

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.6 196.8 196.7 192.1 194.6 197.6 197.7 194.4 -3.3

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205.7 196.7 197.6 200.6 207.7 205.0 203.8 202.4 -1.4

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.0 70.7 70.6 70.3 73.9 71.2 70.9 70.8 -0.1

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429.3 432.0 419.9 407.7 432.4 435.5 424.3 414.1 -10.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,966 5,926 6,014 6,265 6,103 6,347 6,338 6,383 45

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,314.5 1,342.8 1,358.8 1,374.6 1,347.2 1,408.2 1,410.0 1,405.0 -5.0

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635.9 651.7 659.9 675.3 652.4 687.8 690.8 693.6 2.8

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678.6 691.1 698.9 699.3 694.8 720.4 719.2 711.4 -7.8

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 885.3 834.1 854.7 926.3 911.6 939.8 936.3 944.7 8.4

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,766.6 3,749.2 3,800.2 3,963.9 3,844.5 3,999.0 3,992.0 4,033.0 41.0

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,612.7 1,621.0 1,638.3 1,723.9 1,646.2 1,742.3 1,737.5 1,758.3 20.8

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,153.9 2,128.2 2,161.9 2,240.0 2,198.3 2,256.7 2,254.5 2,274.7 20.2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,080 12,230 12,259 12,272 12,142 12,321 12,321 12,322 1

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,616 7,756 7,775 7,781 7,640 7,800 7,801 7,800 -1

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.3 373.1 373.3 378.2 369.9 378.8 379.0 379.0 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.7 382.0 389.1 398.5 381.3 397.6 398.5 397.4 -1.1

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396.6 405.0 405.6 404.8 396.7 406.5 405.9 406.1 0.2

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,445.1 1,466.6 1,468.5 1,469.7 1,449.2 1,475.7 1,475.2 1,476.2 1.0

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,120.4 1,140.0 1,139.1 1,132.8 1,121.2 1,141.1 1,138.3 1,133.1 -5.2

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,043.7 1,054.6 1,055.4 1,052.9 1,048.1 1,058.3 1,057.3 1,056.3 -1.0

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 158.7 167.9 168.2 168.2 159.9 168.7 169.4 169.6 0.2

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.6 90.3 90.1 89.6 94.9 90.6 90.1 89.8 -0.3

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.0 369.8 369.7 368.8 367.2 370.4 370.1 370.1 0.0

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387.1 389.8 390.3 389.0 388.4 391.2 390.1 389.2 -0.9

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 374.7 372.6 371.5 370.8 376.0 372.8 372.5 372.2 -0.3

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,543.9 1,598.9 1,602.2 1,598.2 1,547.1 1,598.1 1,598.6 1,602.2 3.6

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859.0 910.1 913.5 911.3 861.0 909.7 909.0 915.0 6.0

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.4 380.3 384.0 385.9 367.7 385.4 386.6 388.0 1.4

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580.0 583.0 585.9 588.8 582.5 586.1 588.6 589.4 0.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,464 4,474 4,484 4,491 4,502 4,521 4,520 4,522 2

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,459.6 1,467.3 1,470.2 1,468.2 1,485.5 1,492.8 1,492.8 1,490.4 -2.4

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.6 118.5 118.6 118.7 117.6 119.0 118.7 118.7 0.0

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.0 113.1 113.3 113.6 113.8 114.6 114.2 114.7 0.5

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.6 138.1 137.7 135.1 141.6 137.3 137.0 135.6 -1.4

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.1 364.7 365.5 366.7 373.9 366.7 367.1 367.3 0.2

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 453.9 445.6 446.6 446.8 454.6 448.0 447.8 447.8 0.0

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.7 102.5 102.3 107.0 109.8 106.0 104.7 107.8 3.1

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797.0 808.8 809.8 809.1 798.9 810.6 810.4 810.9 0.5

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670.4 682.3 685.4 687.1 671.7 685.5 686.0 685.6 -0.4

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230.0 232.7 234.5 238.4 234.8 240.6 241.6 243.3 1.7

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,184 98,283 98,857 99,738 97,411 99,593 99,708 99,890 182

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,026 26,347 26,458 26,585 26,260 26,748 26,791 26,815 24

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,793.0 5,853.0 5,879.1 5,890.1 5,807.9 5,898.2 5,908.1 5,903.6 -4.5

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,892.0 2,928.8 2,936.3 2,939.8 2,901.2 2,944.4 2,946.5 2,948.9 2.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,008.9 2,017.7 2,031.1 2,039.0 2,012.8 2,040.8 2,046.6 2,041.5 -5.1

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892.1 906.5 911.7 911.3 893.9 913.0 915.0 913.2 -1.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,132.5 15,259.7 15,328.5 15,429.7 15,307.5 15,555.8 15,580.3 15,592.4 12.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,846.2 1,884.4 1,897.4 1,909.7 1,847.0 1,907.6 1,909.9 1,910.3 0.4

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,169.8 1,205.3 1,210.5 1,215.2 1,171.4 1,214.0 1,216.4 1,217.6 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Change

from:

Mar.2015 -

Apr.2015p

Retail trade - Continued

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 444.5 459.4 456.5 458.0 450.9 464.3 463.4 464.9 1.5

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 472.3 494.4 491.6 489.0 484.4 497.5 499.2 500.3 1.1

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,273.1 1,205.4 1,244.1 1,304.1 1,229.8 1,255.0 1,256.4 1,259.2 2.8

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,962.2 2,995.6 2,990.7 3,000.5 2,990.5 3,026.7 3,026.6 3,030.2 3.6

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,008.0 1,024.8 1,022.5 1,023.3 1,015.6 1,028.8 1,030.1 1,030.1 0.0

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869.4 879.7 884.8 893.4 877.6 896.4 898.4 900.9 2.5

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,333.6 1,325.4 1,325.8 1,324.0 1,382.7 1,376.3 1,377.0 1,373.7 -3.3

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.0 593.7 591.1 590.2 612.7 612.1 612.0 610.9 -1.1

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,045.2 3,076.6 3,108.5 3,109.8 3,100.8 3,146.1 3,155.9 3,157.6 1.7

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,310.2 1,307.5 1,304.4 1,297.2 1,350.6 1,339.0 1,339.6 1,333.2 -6.4

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800.3 804.5 797.7 809.7 815.6 820.1 822.2 823.0 0.8

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485.7 515.8 517.8 518.0 499.9 524.9 529.2 531.3 2.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,550.9 4,678.3 4,692.1 4,706.3 4,593.9 4,734.8 4,742.9 4,758.1 15.2

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439.1 441.3 442.3 445.4 439.5 444.6 443.6 445.3 1.7

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.2 243.3 244.4 245.6 231.7 244.5 244.9 245.6 0.7

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 64.7 64.7 65.3 67.1 66.4 66.6 66.5 -0.1

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,392.2 1,413.4 1,413.2 1,423.0 1,408.3 1,445.0 1,438.3 1,440.2 1.9

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.0 481.6 483.9 484.2 461.2 469.1 471.3 470.9 -0.4

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.8 47.9 48.2 48.8 47.1 47.9 48.3 48.5 0.2

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 27.0 24.4 24.9 28.1 30.0 31.0 30.6 30.8 0.2

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 619.7 630.7 639.7 646.6 620.8 634.8 643.4 648.2 4.8

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529.7 582.5 579.9 569.0 555.8 594.9 598.3 601.8 3.5

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722.9 748.5 750.9 750.3 732.4 756.6 757.6 760.3 2.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549.2 555.9 558.3 559.0 550.5 558.9 559.9 561.2 1.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,720 2,769 2,776 2,780 2,728 2,780 2,780 2,783 3

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 723.7 717.1 716.9 716.5 726.0 720.3 719.3 718.7 -0.6

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378.5 381.5 383.2 390.7 380.2 385.6 382.3 385.5 3.2

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.8 287.2 289.0 289.7 283.1 288.6 289.7 290.5 0.8

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847.4 862.1 863.2 856.3 849.7 861.6 863.2 861.5 -1.7

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276.5 290.6 292.2 294.6 276.1 291.5 292.6 292.7 0.1

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210.6 230.9 231.4 232.0 212.6 231.9 232.9 233.6 0.7

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,908 8,025 8,041 8,057 7,942 8,077 8,084 8,093 9

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,888.2 5,991.0 5,998.2 5,999.6 5,906.5 6,002.4 6,009.0 6,018.5 9.5

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 18.3 18.4 18.4 18.2 18.4 18.6 18.6 18.5 -0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,555.6 2,563.2 2,563.8 2,559.8 2,563.6 2,568.3 2,569.9 2,570.6 0.7

Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . 1,707.7 1,697.0 1,695.6 1,692.9 1,710.7 1,698.8 1,698.0 1,696.3 -1.7

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,296.0 1,281.8 1,279.6 1,275.7 1,297.8 1,281.7 1,280.2 1,277.8 -2.4

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 874.4 892.6 890.7 894.3 876.4 894.3 892.6 896.4 3.8

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,439.9 2,516.8 2,525.3 2,527.3 2,448.1 2,521.2 2,527.9 2,533.0 5.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,019.7 2,033.5 2,043.0 2,057.0 2,035.2 2,074.2 2,075.2 2,074.0 -1.2

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,472.3 1,481.7 1,488.4 1,499.9 1,481.0 1,505.5 1,508.1 1,509.7 1.6

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523.9 528.9 531.6 534.0 530.5 545.4 543.9 541.1 -2.8

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.5 22.9 23.0 23.1 23.7 23.3 23.2 23.2 0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,917 19,236 19,342 19,604 18,951 19,508 19,543 19,605 62

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 8,351.5 8,603.7 8,620.5 8,661.9 8,283.9 8,539.2 8,562.7 8,583.4 20.7

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,116.0 1,114.7 1,116.0 1,117.7 1,120.1 1,121.2 1,119.8 1,122.1 2.3

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,046.2 1,119.3 1,116.7 1,097.7 947.8 991.1 999.0 997.5 -1.5

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,356.8 1,388.9 1,396.0 1,411.6 1,367.8 1,410.5 1,415.6 1,419.3 3.7

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,761.0 1,825.9 1,821.7 1,844.7 1,764.7 1,829.9 1,834.2 1,843.3 9.1

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,218.2 1,280.7 1,284.1 1,294.6 1,224.2 1,292.0 1,296.2 1,302.2 6.0

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,158.1 2,182.3 2,191.9 2,189.8 2,167.0 2,193.8 2,198.8 2,198.4 -0.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Change

from:

Mar.2015 -

Apr.2015p

Professional and business services - Continued

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,407.6 8,450.4 8,529.4 8,752.7 8,499.9 8,775.2 8,781.9 8,823.2 41.3

Administrative and support services1. . . . . . . . 8,027.8 8,066.9 8,145.8 8,363.5 8,115.9 8,383.2 8,389.9 8,429.3 39.4

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,301.9 3,379.9 3,425.7 3,491.4 3,371.5 3,519.6 3,534.4 3,546.6 12.2

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,667.7 2,729.2 2,768.8 2,827.1 2,729.4 2,851.1 2,864.3 2,880.4 16.1

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869.5 912.6 908.4 913.9 877.9 910.6 912.1 919.3 7.2

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,924.0 1,801.7 1,831.2 1,970.1 1,928.0 1,962.2 1,954.3 1,970.0 15.7

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379.8 383.5 383.6 389.2 384.0 392.0 392.0 393.9 1.9

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,524 21,917 22,005 22,103 21,353 21,821 21,856 21,917 61

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,574.7 3,593.4 3,618.3 3,640.1 3,406.5 3,454.3 3,459.6 3,464.8 5.2

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,948.8 18,323.3 18,387.0 18,462.7 17,946.6 18,366.2 18,396.8 18,452.4 55.6

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,587.2 14,887.6 14,927.5 14,986.5 14,611.0 14,934.2 14,955.8 15,001.0 45.2

Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . . 6,577.1 6,784.3 6,809.8 6,849.1 6,586.1 6,807.6 6,826.4 6,851.7 25.3

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,451.6 2,518.3 2,525.0 2,536.1 2,458.2 2,523.7 2,529.0 2,538.3 9.3

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703.8 728.7 732.2 736.4 703.9 729.6 732.6 736.0 3.4

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,245.9 1,286.7 1,294.6 1,303.7 1,246.8 1,295.4 1,300.2 1,302.9 2.7

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,761.4 4,831.3 4,844.6 4,854.6 4,772.2 4,839.2 4,846.8 4,858.6 11.8

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,248.7 3,272.0 3,273.1 3,282.8 3,252.7 3,287.4 3,282.6 3,290.7 8.1

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,649.1 1,646.7 1,644.7 1,648.5 1,651.0 1,655.3 1,649.3 1,652.3 3.0

Social assistance1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,361.6 3,435.7 3,459.5 3,476.2 3,335.6 3,432.0 3,441.0 3,451.4 10.4

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869.8 876.0 886.0 890.3 847.9 863.1 865.5 867.5 2.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,527 14,415 14,636 14,980 14,610 15,033 15,027 15,044 17

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,036.6 1,917.4 1,983.0 2,087.8 2,088.2 2,128.8 2,133.3 2,131.1 -2.2

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 456.5 419.3 442.8 471.2 442.5 454.6 460.1 459.0 -1.1

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.3 133.2 137.3 143.8 145.2 144.4 144.6 145.0 0.4

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,436.8 1,364.9 1,402.9 1,472.8 1,500.5 1,529.8 1,528.6 1,527.1 -1.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,490.7 12,497.2 12,652.9 12,892.6 12,521.5 12,903.7 12,893.7 12,912.6 18.9

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,841.9 1,816.6 1,835.2 1,849.2 1,887.5 1,901.0 1,898.4 1,891.3 -7.1

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 10,648.8 10,680.6 10,817.7 11,043.4 10,634.0 11,002.7 10,995.3 11,021.3 26.0

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,562 5,574 5,599 5,629 5,567 5,626 5,627 5,633 6

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,244.4 1,255.6 1,264.0 1,270.6 1,240.6 1,265.8 1,265.5 1,265.3 -0.2

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,365.8 1,361.5 1,372.9 1,388.6 1,363.7 1,379.0 1,381.8 1,386.1 4.3

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,951.3 2,956.4 2,962.5 2,969.9 2,962.9 2,980.9 2,980.1 2,981.3 1.2

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,270 22,202 22,288 22,336 21,843 21,906 21,897 21,907 10

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,728.0 2,715.0 2,719.0 2,742.0 2,726.0 2,731.0 2,730.0 2,732.0 2.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,128.2 2,122.0 2,125.9 2,135.2 2,134.0 2,136.0 2,135.3 2,136.0 0.7

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599.7 593.2 592.8 606.4 591.6 595.4 595.0 596.0 1.0

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,224.0 5,216.0 5,239.0 5,247.0 5,060.0 5,086.0 5,082.0 5,083.0 1.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,573.6 2,582.3 2,600.3 2,607.3 2,408.7 2,441.6 2,438.2 2,441.5 3.3

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,649.9 2,633.9 2,638.3 2,639.3 2,651.1 2,644.6 2,644.2 2,641.4 -2.8

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,318.0 14,271.0 14,330.0 14,347.0 14,057.0 14,089.0 14,085.0 14,092.0 7.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,125.8 8,101.5 8,133.6 8,122.1 7,781.9 7,791.4 7,782.6 7,786.0 3.4

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,191.8 6,169.9 6,196.3 6,225.3 6,274.9 6,297.3 6,302.1 6,305.9 3.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.6 34.5 34.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.5 40.6 40.4 40.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.6 44.6 44.5 44.3

Construction....................................................................... 39.1 39.5 39.0 38.9

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.9 41.0 40.9 40.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.4 41.3 41.3 41.1

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.0 40.3 40.2 40.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.4 33.4 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.5 34.6 34.5 34.5

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 38.9 38.8 38.7

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.4 31.4 31.3 31.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.7 39.0 38.8 38.9

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 42.5 43.0 42.6

Information......................................................................... 36.8 36.5 36.4 36.4

Financial activities................................................................ 37.1 37.5 37.5 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.2 36.2 36.2 36.0

Education and health services.................................................. 32.7 32.8 32.8 32.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.2 26.4 26.2 26.2

Other services..................................................................... 31.8 31.8 31.7 31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Total private............................................... $24.34 $24.78 $24.84 $24.87 $839.73 $857.39 $856.98 $858.02

Goods-producing....................................... 25.57 25.92 26.05 26.08 1,035.59 1,052.35 1,052.42 1,051.02

Mining and logging.................................. 30.65 30.84 30.98 30.90 1,366.99 1,375.46 1,378.61 1,368.87

Construction.......................................... 26.57 26.95 27.23 27.28 1,038.89 1,064.53 1,061.97 1,061.19

Manufacturing........................................ 24.68 25.02 25.09 25.12 1,009.41 1,025.82 1,026.18 1,024.90

Durable goods.................................... 26.05 26.36 26.40 26.43 1,078.47 1,088.67 1,090.32 1,086.27

Nondurable goods................................ 22.29 22.64 22.76 22.81 891.60 912.39 914.95 916.96

Private service-providing.............................. 24.05 24.51 24.56 24.58 800.87 818.63 820.30 818.51

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 21.35 21.67 21.66 21.67 736.58 749.78 747.27 747.62

Wholesale trade.................................. 28.07 28.36 28.41 28.46 1,089.12 1,103.20 1,102.31 1,101.40

Retail trade........................................ 16.94 17.33 17.29 17.32 531.92 544.16 541.18 542.12

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.93 22.91 22.84 22.76 887.39 893.49 886.19 885.36

Utilities............................................. 35.29 36.65 36.94 36.97 1,492.77 1,557.63 1,588.42 1,574.92

Information........................................... 33.88 34.48 34.55 34.62 1,246.78 1,258.52 1,257.62 1,260.17

Financial activities................................... 30.56 31.22 31.31 31.37 1,133.78 1,170.75 1,174.13 1,179.51

Professional and business services.............. 29.11 29.74 29.83 29.89 1,053.78 1,076.59 1,079.85 1,076.04

Education and health services..................... 24.60 25.03 25.07 25.07 804.42 820.98 822.30 822.30

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.77 14.25 14.23 14.31 360.77 376.20 372.83 374.92

Other services....................................... 21.84 22.27 22.25 22.21 694.51 708.19 705.33 704.06

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2015 -

Apr.

2015p

Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2015 -

Apr.

2015p

Total private..................................... 100.5 103.1 102.8 103.0 0.2 116.8 121.9 121.9 122.3 0.3

Goods-producing............................. 88.3 90.5 89.9 89.9 0.0 102.0 106.0 105.9 105.9 0.0

Mining and logging........................ 124.2 125.0 123.1 120.4 -2.2 152.8 154.8 153.1 149.4 -2.4

Construction................................ 82.3 86.4 85.2 85.6 0.5 95.0 101.2 100.8 101.5 0.7

Manufacturing.............................. 89.3 90.9 90.7 90.4 -0.3 102.5 105.7 105.8 105.7 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 89.1 90.7 90.7 90.3 -0.4 103.0 106.2 106.4 105.9 -0.5

Nondurable goods...................... 89.9 90.9 90.7 90.7 0.0 101.6 104.5 104.7 105.0 0.3

Private service-providing.................... 103.8 106.4 106.6 106.4 -0.2 121.0 126.5 126.9 126.9 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 98.5 100.7 100.5 100.6 0.1 113.2 117.4 117.2 117.4 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 98.3 100.1 100.0 99.7 -0.3 115.2 118.5 118.6 118.4 -0.2

Retail trade.............................. 97.6 99.2 99.1 99.1 0.0 109.3 113.7 113.2 113.5 0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 101.8 105.7 105.3 105.9 0.6 118.4 122.9 122.1 122.4 0.2

Utilities.................................... 100.7 102.8 104.2 103.4 -0.8 117.5 124.4 127.1 126.3 -0.6

Information................................. 91.7 92.7 92.4 92.5 0.1 110.6 113.8 113.7 114.0 0.3

Financial activities......................... 96.5 99.2 99.3 99.7 0.4 115.0 120.8 121.3 121.9 0.5

Professional and business services..... 107.9 111.1 111.3 111.0 -0.3 127.2 133.8 134.5 134.4 -0.1

Education and health services........... 112.1 114.9 115.1 115.4 0.3 129.9 135.4 135.9 136.3 0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 109.2 113.2 112.3 112.5 0.2 121.3 130.2 129.0 129.8 0.6

Other services............................. 98.1 99.1 98.8 98.9 0.1 121.6 125.3 124.8 124.7 -0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Total nonfarm............................................. 68,344 69,549 69,627 69,695 49.4 49.3 49.3 49.3

Total private............................................ 55,869 57,018 57,105 57,169 47.9 47.9 47.9 47.9

Goods-producing.................................... 4,185 4,269 4,271 4,275 21.9 21.8 21.9 21.8

Mining and logging............................... 117 122 121 119 13.2 13.7 13.8 13.8

Construction....................................... 770 799 798 805 12.6 12.6 12.6 12.6

Manufacturing..................................... 3,298 3,348 3,352 3,351 27.2 27.2 27.2 27.2

Durable goods.................................. 1,758 1,805 1,808 1,809 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.2

Nondurable goods............................. 1,540 1,543 1,544 1,542 34.2 34.1 34.2 34.1

Private service-providing........................... 51,684 52,749 52,834 52,894 53.1 53.0 53.0 53.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,648 10,830 10,861 10,858 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.5

Wholesale trade................................ 1,717.0 1,729.8 1,737.7 1,736.9 29.6 29.3 29.4 29.4

Retail trade..................................... 7,712.1 7,844.3 7,865.0 7,858.9 50.4 50.4 50.5 50.4

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,085.0 1,121.7 1,123.8 1,127.8 23.6 23.7 23.7 23.7

Utilities........................................... 133.9 133.7 134.4 134.5 24.3 23.9 24.0 24.0

Information......................................... 1,094 1,117 1,118 1,113 40.1 40.2 40.2 40.0

Financial activities................................ 4,561 4,619 4,628 4,630 57.4 57.2 57.2 57.2

Professional and business services............ 8,467 8,672 8,695 8,709 44.7 44.5 44.5 44.4

Education and health services.................. 16,408 16,780 16,813 16,858 76.8 76.9 76.9 76.9

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,595 7,791 7,777 7,784 52.0 51.8 51.8 51.7

Other services..................................... 2,911 2,940 2,942 2,942 52.3 52.3 52.3 52.2

Government............................................. 12,475 12,531 12,522 12,526 57.1 57.2 57.2 57.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Total private............................................................................... 96,322 98,262 98,334 98,446

Goods-producing....................................................................... 13,807 14,108 14,084 14,102

Mining and logging.................................................................. 653 654 645 633

Construction.......................................................................... 4,620 4,780 4,766 4,809

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,534 8,674 8,673 8,660

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,260 5,372 5,372 5,364

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,274 3,302 3,301 3,296

Private service-providing.............................................................. 82,515 84,154 84,250 84,344

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,199 22,539 22,578 22,568

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,699.4 4,756.4 4,753.7 4,748.7

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,079.9 13,237.7 13,273.4 13,263.2

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 3,974.7 4,094.7 4,100.9 4,105.2

Utilities.............................................................................. 445.0 449.9 450.2 451.0

Information............................................................................ 2,212 2,253 2,253 2,255

Financial activities................................................................... 6,129 6,232 6,240 6,244

Professional and business services............................................... 15,687 16,074 16,082 16,123

Education and health services..................................................... 18,751 19,151 19,178 19,226

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 12,897 13,225 13,235 13,244

Other services........................................................................ 4,640 4,680 4,684 4,684

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.7 33.8 33.7 33.7

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.4 41.5 41.2 41.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 47.1 46.6 46.4 46.2

Construction....................................................................... 39.8 39.9 39.4 39.5

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.9 41.9 41.8 41.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.4 42.2 42.1 42.0

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.1 41.5 41.4 41.5

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.5 32.4 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.6 33.8 33.6 33.6

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.6 38.6 38.6 38.5

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.1 30.2 30.0 30.0

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.4 38.7 38.7 38.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 42.5 42.9 42.2

Information......................................................................... 35.9 36.0 35.9 36.0

Financial activities................................................................ 36.6 36.9 37.0 37.0

Professional and business services............................................ 35.5 35.5 35.4 35.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.2 25.2 25.0 25.0

Other services..................................................................... 30.7 30.8 30.7 30.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Total private............................................... $20.52 $20.82 $20.88 $20.90 $691.52 $703.72 $703.66 $704.33

Goods-producing....................................... 21.51 21.71 21.82 21.84 890.51 900.97 898.98 899.81

Mining and logging.................................. 26.53 26.46 26.43 26.26 1,249.56 1,233.04 1,226.35 1,213.21

Construction.......................................... 24.61 24.78 25.08 25.10 979.48 988.72 988.15 991.45

Manufacturing........................................ 19.49 19.70 19.76 19.78 816.63 825.43 825.97 826.80

Durable goods.................................... 20.60 20.79 20.84 20.83 873.44 877.34 877.36 874.86

Nondurable goods................................ 17.66 17.91 17.96 18.04 725.83 743.27 743.54 748.66

Private service-providing.............................. 20.31 20.63 20.67 20.69 658.04 670.48 669.71 670.36

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 18.23 18.50 18.56 18.55 612.53 625.30 623.62 623.28

Wholesale trade.................................. 23.24 23.43 23.52 23.55 897.06 904.40 907.87 906.68

Retail trade........................................ 14.34 14.63 14.65 14.67 431.63 441.83 439.50 440.10

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.51 20.72 20.76 20.66 787.58 801.86 803.41 801.61

Utilities............................................. 32.81 33.53 33.98 34.01 1,387.86 1,425.03 1,457.74 1,435.22

Information........................................... 28.59 28.63 28.52 28.69 1,026.38 1,030.68 1,023.87 1,032.84

Financial activities................................... 24.54 25.12 25.18 25.25 898.16 926.93 931.66 934.25

Professional and business services.............. 24.22 24.46 24.53 24.56 859.81 868.33 868.36 864.51

Education and health services..................... 21.54 21.93 21.92 21.92 689.28 701.76 701.44 705.82

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 11.97 12.34 12.34 12.38 301.64 310.97 308.50 309.50

Other services....................................... 18.42 18.77 18.78 18.76 565.49 578.12 576.55 574.06

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2015 -

Apr.

2015p

Apr.

2014

Feb.

2015

Mar.

2015p

Apr.

2015p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2015 -

Apr.

2015p

Total private..................................... 108.2 110.7 110.4 110.6 0.2 148.3 154.0 154.1 154.4 0.2

Goods-producing............................. 87.3 89.5 88.7 88.8 0.1 115.1 118.9 118.5 118.7 0.2

Mining and logging........................ 163.4 162.0 159.0 155.4 -2.3 252.2 249.2 244.5 237.3 -2.9

Construction................................ 92.1 95.5 94.0 95.1 1.2 122.3 127.8 127.3 128.9 1.3

Manufacturing.............................. 82.1 83.4 83.2 83.1 -0.1 104.6 107.5 107.5 107.5 0.0

Durable goods........................... 83.8 85.2 85.0 84.7 -0.4 107.8 110.6 110.6 110.1 -0.5

Nondurable goods...................... 79.3 80.7 80.5 80.6 0.1 98.9 102.2 102.2 102.7 0.5

Private service-providing.................... 113.9 116.5 116.3 116.4 0.1 158.6 164.8 164.8 165.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 104.0 106.2 105.8 105.7 -0.1 135.2 140.2 140.0 139.9 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 106.8 108.1 108.1 107.7 -0.4 146.2 149.2 149.7 149.4 -0.2

Retail trade.............................. 99.7 101.2 100.8 100.7 -0.1 122.5 126.9 126.6 126.6 0.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 114.9 119.3 119.5 119.9 0.3 149.5 156.8 157.3 157.1 -0.1

Utilities.................................... 96.3 97.8 98.8 97.3 -1.5 131.8 136.9 140.1 138.2 -1.4

Information................................. 90.6 92.6 92.3 92.7 0.4 128.3 131.2 130.3 131.6 1.0

Financial activities......................... 105.6 108.3 108.7 108.8 0.1 159.4 167.3 168.4 169.0 0.4

Professional and business services..... 124.8 127.9 127.6 127.2 -0.3 179.9 186.1 186.2 185.9 -0.2

Education and health services........... 128.1 130.8 131.0 132.1 0.8 182.0 189.2 189.4 191.1 0.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 119.0 122.1 121.2 121.3 0.1 161.8 171.1 169.8 170.5 0.4

Other services............................. 99.9 101.1 100.8 100.5 -0.3 134.1 138.3 138.0 137.4 -0.4

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.