For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, June 21, 2017 USDL-17-0857 

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY: LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS — 2016 

In 2016, 17.9 percent of persons with a disability were employed, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 

reported today. In contrast, the employment-population ratio for those without a disability was 65.3 

percent. The employment-population ratio for both persons with and without a disability increased from 

2015 to 2016 (by 0.4 percentage point for persons with a disability and by 0.3 percentage point for 

persons with no disability). The unemployment rate for persons with a disability, at 10.5 percent, was 

little changed from the previous year, while the rate for those without a disability declined to 4.6 

percent. 

The data on persons with a disability are collected as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a 

monthly sample survey of about 60,000 households that provides statistics on employment and 

unemployment in the United States. The collection of data on persons with a disability is sponsored by 

the Department of Labor’s Office of Disability Employment Policy. For more information, see the 

Technical Note in this news release. 

Highlights from the 2016 data: 

• Nearly half of all persons with a disability were age 65 and over, about three times larger than

the share of those with no disability. (See table 1.)

• For all age groups, the employment-population ratio was much lower for persons with a

disability than for those with no disability. (See table 1.)

• For all educational attainment groups, jobless rates for persons with a disability were higher than

those for persons without a disability. (See table 1.)

• In 2016, 34 percent of workers with a disability were employed part time, compared with 18

percent for those with no disability. (See table 2.)

• Employed persons with a disability were more likely to be self-employed than those with no 

disability. (See table 4.) 
-2- 

Demographic characteristics 

Persons with a disability tend to be older than persons with no disability, reflecting the increased 

incidence of disability with age. In 2016, 47 percent of persons with a disability were age 65 and over, 

compared with 15 percent of those with no disability. Women were more likely to have a disability than 

men, and Blacks and Whites had a higher prevalence of disability than Asians and Hispanics. (See table 

1.) 

Employment 

In 2016, the employment-population ratio for persons with a disability increased from 17.5 percent to 

17.9 percent. For those with no disability, the ratio increased from 65.0 percent to 65.3 percent. The 

lower ratio among persons with a disability reflects, in part, the older age profile of persons with a 

disability; older workers are less likely to be employed regardless of disability status. However, across 

all age groups, persons with a disability were much less likely to be employed than those with no 

disability. (See tables A and 1.) 

Among persons age 16 to 64, the employment-population ratio rose for both persons with a disability 

(27.7 percent) and those without a disability (72.8 percent) from 2015 to 2016. The ratio for persons age 

65 and over with a disability, at 7.1 percent, increased in 2016, while the ratio for persons without a 

disability, at 23.4 percent, changed little. (See table A.) 

Persons with a disability are less likely to have completed a bachelor’s degree or higher than those with 

no disability. Among both groups, those who had attained higher levels of education were more likely to 

be employed than those with less education. Across all levels of education in 2016, persons with a 

disability were much less likely to be employed than were their counterparts with no disability. 

(Educational attainment data are presented for those age 25 and over.) (See table 1.) 

Workers with a disability were more likely to be employed part time than those with no disability. 

Among workers with a disability, 34 percent usually worked part time in 2016, compared with 18 

percent of those without a disability. The proportion of workers who were employed part time for 

economic reasons continued to be slightly higher among those with a disability than among those 

without a disability (6 percent versus 4 percent). These individuals were working part time because their 

hours had been cut back or because they were not able to find a full-time job. (See table 2.) 

In 2016, persons with a disability were more concentrated in service occupations than those with no 

disability (21.3 percent, compared with 17.6 percent). Workers with a disability were more likely than 

those with no disability to work in production, transportation, and material moving occupations (14.6 

percent, compared with 11.6 percent). Persons with a disability were less likely to work in management, 

professional, and related occupations than those without a disability (31.7 percent, compared with 39.5 

percent). (See table 3.) 

The proportion of persons employed in government was about the same for both persons with a 

disability and persons without a disability in 2016 (14.0 percent and 13.6 percent, respectively). 

However, a smaller share of workers with a disability were employed as private wage and salary 

workers (75.4 percent), compared with those with no disability (80.1 percent), and a larger share were 

self-employed than were those with no disability (10.6 percent versus 6.2 percent). 

(See table 4.) 
-3-

Unemployment 

The unemployment rate for persons with a disability was 10.5 percent in 2016, about twice that of those 

with no disability (4.6 percent). (Unemployed persons are those who did not have a job, were available 

for work, and were actively looking for a job in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.) The unemployment 

rate for persons with a disability was little changed over the year, while the rate for persons without a 

disability declined by 0.5 percentage point to 4.6 percent in 2016. (See tables A and 1.) 

Among persons with a disability, the unemployment rates were similar for both men and women in 2016 

(10.1 percent and 11.0 percent, respectively). The rates for both men and women changed little from 

2015 to 2016. Jobless rates for persons with a disability also showed little change among major race and

ethnicity groups in 2016. As is the case among persons without a disability, the jobless rate for those 

with a disability was higher for Blacks (16.6 percent) than for Hispanics (12.5 percent), Asians (10.7 

percent), and Whites (9.5 percent). (See table 1.) 

Not in the labor force 

Persons who are neither employed nor unemployed are not in the labor force. A larger proportion of 

persons with a disability—about 8 in 10—were not in the labor force in 2016, compared with about 3 in 

10 of those with no disability. In part, this reflects the older age profile of persons with a disability; 

persons age 65 and over are much less likely to participate in the labor force than younger age groups. 

Across all age groups, however, persons with a disability were more likely to be out of the labor force 

than those with no disability. (See table 1.) 

Regardless of disability status, the vast majority of those not in the labor force do not want a job; in 

2016, 3 percent of those with a disability and 7 percent of those without a disability wanted a job. About 

1 percent of persons with a disability and 2 percent of those without a disability were marginally 

attached to the labor force. These individuals wanted and were available to work, and had looked for a 

job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not 

searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (Persons marginally attached to the labor force 

include discouraged workers.) (See table 5.)
Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and age, 2015 and

2016 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2015 2016

Total, 16

years

and over

16 to 64

years

65 years

and over

Total, 16

years

and over

16 to 64

years

65 years

and over

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 29,752 15,771 13,981 29,971 15,746 14,225

Civilian labor force.................................................. 5,813 4,812 1,001 6,005 4,919 1,086

Participation rate.................................................. 19.5 30.5 7.2 20.0 31.2 7.6

Employed.......................................................... 5,193 4,250 942 5,372 4,356 1,016

Employment-population ratio................................. 17.5 26.9 6.7 17.9 27.7 7.1

Unemployed....................................................... 621 562 59 633 564 70

Unemployment rate............................................ 10.7 11.7 5.9 10.5 11.5 6.4

Not in labor force.................................................... 23,939 10,959 12,980 23,965 10,827 13,139

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 221,049 188,521 32,528 223,567 189,757 33,810

Civilian labor force.................................................. 151,317 143,517 7,800 153,182 144,996 8,185

Participation rate.................................................. 68.5 76.1 24.0 68.5 76.4 24.2

Employed.......................................................... 143,641 136,119 7,522 146,064 138,164 7,900

Employment-population ratio................................. 65.0 72.2 23.1 65.3 72.8 23.4

Unemployed....................................................... 7,676 7,398 278 7,118 6,832 285

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.1 5.2 3.6 4.6 4.7 3.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 69,732 45,004 24,728 70,385 44,761 25,624

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Technical Note

 The estimates in this release are based on annual 

average data obtained from the Current Population 

Survey (CPS). The CPS, which is conducted by the 

U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS), is a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible 

households that provides information on the labor 

force status, demographics, and other characteristics

of the nation's civilian noninstitutional population age 

16 and over. 

 Questions were added to the CPS in June 2008 to 

identify persons with a disability in the civilian 

noninstitutional population age 16 and older. The

addition of these questions allowed the BLS to begin 

releasing monthly labor force data from the CPS for 

persons with a disability. The collection of these data 

is sponsored by the Department of Labor's Office of 

Disability Employment Policy.

 Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service:

(800) 877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

 Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both 

sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, 

rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is 

a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the

true population values they represent. The component 

of this difference that occurs because samples differ 

by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level 

of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will 

differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the 

true population value because of sampling error. BLS 

analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent 

level of confidence.

 The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness

of respondents to provide correct information, and 

errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

 Additional information about the reliability of data 

from the CPS and estimating standard errors is 

available at

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

 CPS estimates are controlled to population totals 

that are available by age, sex, race, and Hispanic 

ethnicity. These controls are developed by the Census 

Bureau and are based on complete population counts 

obtained in the decennial census. In the years between 

decennial censuses, they incorporate the latest 

information about population change (births, deaths, 

and net international migration). As part of its annual 

update of population estimates, the Census Bureau 

introduces adjustments to the total population 

controls. The updated controls typically have a 

negligible impact on unemployment rates and other 

ratios. The estimates of the population of persons with 

a disability are not controlled to independent 

population totals of persons with a disability because 

such data are not available. Without independent 

population totals, sample-based estimates are more 

apt to vary from one time period to the next. 

Information about population controls is available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.

Disability questions and concepts

 The CPS uses a set of six questions to identify 

persons with disabilities. In the CPS, persons are 

classified as having a disability if there is a response 

of "yes" to any of these questions. The disability

questions appear in the CPS in the following format: 

 This month we want to learn about people who have 

physical, mental, or emotional conditions that cause 

serious difficulty with their daily activities. Please 

answer for household members who are 15 years and 

older.

• Is anyone deaf or does anyone have serious 

difficulty hearing?

• Is anyone blind or does anyone have serious 

difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses?

• Because of a physical, mental, or emotional 

condition, does anyone have serious 

difficulty concentrating, remembering, or 

making decisions?

• Does anyone have serious difficulty walking 

or climbing stairs?

• Does anyone have difficulty dressing or 

bathing?
• Because of a physical, mental, or emotional 

condition, does anyone have difficulty doing 

errands alone such as visiting a doctor's 

office or shopping?

 The CPS questions for identifying individuals with 

disabilities are only asked of household members who 

are age 15 and older. Each of the questions ask the 

respondent whether anyone in the household has the 

condition described, and if the respondent replies 

"yes," they are then asked to identify everyone in the 

household who has the condition. Labor force 

measures from the CPS are tabulated for persons age 

16 and older. More information on the disability 

questions and the limitations of the CPS disability

data is available on the BLS website at 

www.bls.gov/cps/cpsdisability_faq.htm.

Other definitions

 Other definitions used in this release are described 

briefly below. Additional information on the concepts 

and methodology of the CPS is available at

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

 Employed. Employed persons are all those who, 

during the survey reference week, (a) did any work at 

all as paid employees; (b) worked in their own 

business, profession, or on their own farm; or (c) 

worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a 

family member's business. Persons who were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, 

bad weather, vacation, labor dispute, or another 

reason also are counted as employed. 

 Unemployed. Unemployed persons are those who 

had no employment during the reference week, were 

available for work at that time, and had made specific 

efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-

week period ending with the reference week. Persons 

who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which 

they had been laid off need not have been looking for 

work to be classified as unemployed.

 Civilian labor force. The civilian labor force

comprises all persons classified as employed or 

unemployed.

 Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate

represents the number of unemployed persons as a 

percent of the civilian labor force.

 Not in the labor force. Persons not in the labor force

include all those who are not classified as employed 

or unemployed. Information is collected on their 

desire for and availability to take a job at the time of 

the CPS interview, job search activity in the prior 

year, and reason for not looking in the 4-week period 

ending with the reference week. This group includes 

individuals marginally attached to the labor force, 

defined as persons not in the labor force who want and 

are available for a job and who have looked for work 

sometime in the past 12 months (or since the end of 

their last job if they held one within the past 12 

months). They are not counted as unemployed 

because they had not actively searched for work in the 

prior 4 weeks. Within the marginally attached group 

are discouraged workers—persons who are not 

currently looking for work because they believe there 

are no jobs available or there are none for which they 

would qualify. The other persons marginally attached 

to the labor force group includes persons who want a 

job but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks 

for reasons such as family responsibilities or 

transportation problems.

 Part time for economic reasons. Persons classified 

as at work part time for economic reasons, a measure 

sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, are 

those who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 

34 hours during the reference week. Economic 

reasons include slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, and 

seasonal declines in demand. Those who usually work 

part time must also indicate that they want and are 

available for full-time work to be classified as part 

time for economic reasons. 

 Occupation, industry, and class of worker. The 

occupation, industry, and class of worker 

classifications for the employed relate to the job held 

in the survey reference week. Persons with two or 

more jobs are classified in the job at which they 

worked the greatest number of hours. Persons are 

classified using the 2010 Census occupational and 

2012 Census industry classification systems. The 

class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the 

following categories: Private and government wage 

and salary workers, self-employed workers, and 

unpaid family workers. Wage and salary workers

receive wages, salary, commissions, tips, or pay in 

kind from a private employer or from a government 

unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for 

profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, 

or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed are

included in the self-employed category. Selfemployed persons who respond that their businesses 

are incorporated are included among wage and salary 

workers. Unpaid family workers are persons working 

without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or 

in a business operated by a family member in their

household. 
Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and selected

characteristics, 2016 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Participation

rate

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Rate

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253,538 159,187 62.8 151,436 59.7 7,751 4.9 94,351

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,497 84,755 69.2 80,568 65.8 4,187 4.9 37,743

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,040 74,432 56.8 70,868 54.1 3,564 4.8 56,608

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,971 6,005 20.0 5,372 17.9 633 10.5 23,965

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,898 3,295 23.7 2,961 21.3 334 10.1 10,603

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,073 2,710 16.9 2,411 15.0 299 11.0 13,363

Age

16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,746 4,919 31.2 4,356 27.7 564 11.5 10,827

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654 161 24.6 103 15.8 58 35.8 493

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913 399 43.7 321 35.1 78 19.5 514

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,824 770 42.2 657 36.0 113 14.6 1,054

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,161 827 38.3 745 34.5 82 9.9 1,333

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,807 1,159 30.4 1,049 27.5 110 9.5 2,648

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,387 1,603 25.1 1,480 23.2 123 7.7 4,784

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,225 1,086 7.6 1,016 7.1 70 6.4 13,139

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,934 4,824 20.2 4,367 18.2 457 9.5 19,110

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,069 698 17.2 582 14.3 116 16.6 3,371

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795 138 17.3 123 15.5 15 10.7 657

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,124 684 21.9 598 19.2 85 12.5 2,440

Educational attainment

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,404 5,446 19.2 4,948 17.4 498 9.1 22,958

Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,633 585 10.4 507 9.0 78 13.3 5,048

High school graduates, no college1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,350 1,669 16.1 1,519 14.7 150 9.0 8,680

Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,457 1,798 24.1 1,620 21.7 178 9.9 5,659

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,964 1,394 28.1 1,301 26.2 93 6.6 3,570

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223,567 153,182 68.5 146,064 65.3 7,118 4.6 70,385

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,599 81,459 75.0 77,607 71.5 3,852 4.7 27,140

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,968 71,722 62.4 68,457 59.5 3,266 4.6 43,245

Age

16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189,757 144,996 76.4 138,164 72.8 6,832 4.7 44,761

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,060 5,728 35.7 4,861 30.3 867 15.1 10,331

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,808 14,914 71.7 13,706 65.9 1,208 8.1 5,893

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,723 34,750 83.3 33,065 79.2 1,685 4.8 6,973

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,656 31,992 85.0 30,817 81.8 1,175 3.7 5,663

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,590 32,750 84.9 31,671 82.1 1,079 3.3 5,841

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,921 24,862 71.2 24,044 68.9 818 3.3 10,059

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,810 8,185 24.2 7,900 23.4 285 3.5 25,624

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174,281 119,834 68.8 114,946 66.0 4,888 4.1 54,447

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,820 18,939 68.1 17,400 62.5 1,539 8.1 8,881

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,326 9,424 65.8 9,090 63.5 334 3.5 4,902

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,573 26,113 69.5 24,651 65.6 1,463 5.6 11,459

Educational attainment

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186,699 132,539 71.0 127,497 68.3 5,042 3.8 54,160

Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,735 10,094 56.9 9,377 52.9 717 7.1 7,641

High school graduates, no college1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,672 33,979 65.8 32,282 62.5 1,697 5.0 17,693

Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,728 36,136 72.7 34,766 69.9 1,371 3.8 13,591

Bachelor’s degree and higher2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,565 52,329 77.5 51,073 75.6 1,257 2.4 15,235

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons

whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 2. Employed full- and part-time workers by disability status and age, 2016 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Disability status and age

Employed At work

part time for

economic

reasons1

Total

Usually

work

full time

Usually

work

part time

TOTAL

16 years and over........................................................................ 151,436 123,761 27,675 5,943

16 to 64 years.......................................................................... 142,520 118,357 24,162 5,712

65 years and over...................................................................... 8,916 5,403 3,513 231

Persons with a disability

16 years and over........................................................................ 5,372 3,564 1,808 299

16 to 64 years.......................................................................... 4,356 3,088 1,267 267

65 years and over...................................................................... 1,016 476 541 32

Persons with no disability

16 years and over........................................................................ 146,064 120,197 25,867 5,645

16 to 64 years.......................................................................... 138,164 115,269 22,895 5,445

65 years and over...................................................................... 7,900 4,927 2,973 199

1 Refers to persons who, whether they usually work full or part time, worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as

slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. Persons who usually work part time

for an economic reason, but worked 35 hours or more during the reference week are excluded. Also excludes employed persons who were absent

from their jobs for the entire reference week.

NOTE: Full time refers to persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week; part time refers to persons who usually work less than 35 hours per

week.
Table 3. Employed persons by disability status, occupation, and sex, 2016 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Occupation

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total employed (in thousands)....................................... 5,372 2,961 2,411 146,064 77,607 68,457

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 31.7 29.3 34.6 39.5 36.1 43.5

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 14.2 15.4 12.6 16.6 17.5 15.5

Management occupations.................................... 10.2 12.1 7.8 11.5 13.2 9.7

Business and financial operations occupations............ 3.9 3.3 4.7 5.0 4.3 5.8

Professional and related occupations.......................... 17.5 13.8 22.1 23.0 18.6 28.0

Computer and mathematical occupations.................. 2.0 2.8 1.1 3.1 4.3 1.7

Architecture and engineering occupations.................. 1.5 2.3 0.5 2.1 3.3 0.6

Life, physical, and social science occupations............. 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.9

Community and social service occupations................ 2.1 1.6 2.7 1.7 1.1 2.4

Legal occupations............................................. 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.3

Education, training, and library occupations................ 4.6 2.1 7.6 6.0 3.0 9.3

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

occupations.................................................. 2.1 1.9 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.1

Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations. . . . . . .. 3.8 1.7 6.3 6.0 2.8 9.7

Service occupations................................................ 21.3 18.0 25.3 17.6 14.3 21.3

Healthcare support occupations................................ 2.3 0.6 4.5 2.3 0.5 4.4

Protective service occupations................................. 2.0 3.0 0.8 2.1 3.0 1.0

Food preparation and serving related occupations.......... 5.9 5.0 7.1 5.6 4.9 6.4

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

occupations..................................................... 6.3 7.3 5.0 3.7 4.2 3.2

Personal care and service occupations....................... 4.8 2.2 8.0 3.8 1.6 6.3

Sales and office occupations...................................... 23.0 16.4 31.0 22.1 16.2 28.9

Sales and related occupations.................................. 10.5 9.3 12.1 10.5 10.1 10.9

Office and administrative support occupations............... 12.4 7.2 18.9 11.7 6.1 18.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 9.5 16.1 1.3 9.2 16.5 0.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.3

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 5.1 8.8 0.5 5.2 9.6 0.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 3.6 6.2 0.4 3.2 5.8 0.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 14.6 20.1 7.8 11.6 17.0 5.4

Production occupations.......................................... 6.9 8.7 4.7 5.5 7.5 3.3

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 7.7 11.4 3.1 6.1 9.6 2.1
Table 4. Employed persons by disability status, industry, class of worker, and sex, 2016 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Industry and class of worker

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total employed (in thousands)....................................... 5,372 2,961 2,411 146,064 77,607 68,457

Industry as a percent of total employed

Total employed......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries................................. 3.0 4.1 1.7 1.6 2.2 0.8

Nonagricultural industries.......................................... 97.0 95.9 98.3 98.4 97.8 99.2

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................. 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.2

Construction....................................................... 6.5 10.5 1.6 6.8 11.7 1.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 10.1 13.3 6.1 10.2 13.6 6.3

Wholesale trade.................................................. 2.2 3.2 1.0 2.4 3.2 1.5

Retail trade........................................................ 12.8 12.3 13.4 10.9 10.7 11.1

Transportation and utilities...................................... 4.9 6.7 2.7 5.3 7.6 2.7

Information........................................................ 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.6

Financial activities................................................ 5.4 4.8 6.2 6.9 6.2 7.7

Professional and business services............................ 11.2 12.5 9.7 12.1 13.4 10.7

Education and health services.................................. 21.2 11.1 33.6 22.7 10.8 36.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 9.9 8.5 11.5 9.4 8.7 10.1

Other services.................................................... 6.1 6.2 6.0 4.8 4.3 5.4

Public administration............................................. 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.4

Class of worker as a percent of total employed

Total employed1

........................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Wage and salary workers2

......................................... 89.3 87.7 91.2 93.8 92.7 94.9

Private industries................................................. 75.4 76.1 74.5 80.1 81.7 78.4

Government....................................................... 14.0 11.7 16.7 13.6 11.1 16.6

Federal.......................................................... 2.9 3.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.3

State............................................................. 4.9 3.6 6.4 4.6 3.5 6.0

Local............................................................. 6.2 4.8 7.8 6.6 5.1 8.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated.......................... 10.6 12.2 8.6 6.2 7.2 5.0

1

Includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.

2

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Table 5. Persons not in the labor force by disability status, age, and sex, 2016 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total,

16 years and

over

16 to 64 years Total,

65 years and

Total Men Women over

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Total not in the labor force.................................................... 23,965 10,827 5,097 5,730 13,139

Persons who currently want a job......................................... 734 506 242 264 228

Marginally attached to the labor force1

................................. 198 155 84 71 43

Discouraged workers2................................................. 52 39 27 12 13

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3............ 147 117 57 60 30

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Total not in the labor force.................................................... 70,385 44,761 16,339 28,422 25,624

Persons who currently want a job......................................... 5,115 4,527 2,099 2,428 587

Marginally attached to the labor force1

................................. 1,605 1,465 778 687 141

Discouraged workers2................................................. 502 446 280 166 56

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3............ 1,103 1,018 498 521 85

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.