20

Table 15. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
health services workers, by industry and occupational group, March 2000

Benefit costs
Total. | Wages
Series compen- | and Supple- Retirement} Legally | Gihor
sation | salaries Paid | mental and | required oe,
Totat | eave | “pay” | 'suance | savings | benefits | benefits
Cost per hour worked
Health services $21.87 | $1619 | $5.68) $1.89 | $0.43 | $1.20 $0.56 $1.66 (2)
Professional specialty and technical 3103 | 2291 | 812] 289 69 152 78 | 223 (2)
Professional specialty 3701 | 27.19 | 982) 3.81 7 1.69 1.01 252 (2)
Nurses 2990 | 21.87 | B03] 241 98 155 74 2.34 (2)
Technical 2173 | 1625] 548] 147 55 1.26 42 1.79 (2)
Administrative support, including clerical 16.70 | 1207 | 4.64] 4.30 23 1.23 60 1.27 (?)
Service occupations 11.61 a71} 291 87 23 7 22 4.04 (?)
Hospitals eae7 | 1685 | 682} 2.00 88 472 62 1.82 (2)
Professional specialty and technical 23.46 | 2042 | 804} 239 95 4.80 72 2.18 @)
Professional specialty 31.60 | 2280} ssi] 269| 1.07 1.83 81 2.41 (2) i
Nurses aie¢ | 2273 | g91] 269) 1.24 1.81 7 2.42 (2) i
Technical .. 276 | 1537 | 6840} 1.75 69 172 53 1.70 (2)
Administrative support, including clerical e084 | 1163 | 5.21) 1.42 30 1.70 Bt 1.27 (?)
Service occupations ... 13.85 983} 492] 101 38 147 32 412 (2)
‘Nursing homes .. 14.12 | 1067 | 3.46 89 30 76 1B 1.32 (2)
Professional specialty and technical 202s | 1552 | 473] 121 52 82 27 1.90 (2)
Professional specialty 2269 | 1748 | S2t| 1.39 St 91 33 2.07 (2)
Technical .. 10.03 | 1374 | 429] 1.06 53 74 21 1.75 (2)
Service occupations .. 10.99 ais | 281 68 25 69 43 1.07 (2)
Percent of total compensation
Health services . 1000. } 740 | 260 84 20 |. 55 26 76 (3)
Professional specialty and techni 100.0 738 | 262 93 22 49 25 72 (3)
Professional specialty 100.0 735 | 265) 103 24 46 27 68 (@)
Nurses 100.0 731 | 269 at 33 52 25 78 @)
Technicat 400.0 748 | 252 68 25 58 19 82 (3)
Administrative suppor, including clerical .. 100.0 723 | 278 78 14 TA 36 76 (3)
Service occupations .. 100.0 75.0 | 25.4 58 20 64 19 9.0 (3)
Hospitals 100.0 71.2], 208 | 84 28 73 26 77 (3)
Professional specialty and technical .. 100.0 717. |,-283 | 94 33 63 25 72 (3)
Professional specialty 100.0 {> 722,279 | a5 34 58 26 78 &)
Nurses 100.0 718 | 282]. 85 38 57 24 78 (3)
Techinical 100.0 706 |: 294 80 32 79 24 78 (3)
‘Administrative support, including clerical 100.0 69.1 |" 309 84 18 10.1 3.0 75 @)
Service occupations . 100.0 68.8 | 312 7.3 27 106 23 at (3)
Nursing homes 100.0 75.6 | 24.5 63 24 54 13 93 () |
Professional specialty and technical 100.0 7e6 | 234 6.0 28 40 13 94 (3)
Professional specialty .. 100.0 7.0 } 23.0 61 22 40 15 of (3)
Technical 100.0 7e2 | 238 59 29 at 12 97 ()
Service occupations 100.0 744 | 2561 60 23 63 12 97 (3)

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
3 Less than .05 percent.



14

Table 9. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by major occupational and industry group, and full-time and part-time status, March 2000

Benefit costs
Total | Wages
Series compen- | and: aid Supple- Retirement! Legally | Ono,
sation | salaries id | mental and | required .
Total | eave | pay | Seance | savings | benefits | Peneftst
Cost per hour worked
All full-time workers in private industry .. $22.62 | $16.25 | $637] $1.56] $073 | $1.47 $0.72 $1.84 $0.03
White-collar occupations - 2692 | 1970 | 7.22| 207 78 1.59 82 1.92 04
Sales 2105 | 1637 | 468} 1.04 ST 98 AT 1.61 (?)
Administrative support, inchiding clerical aoa | 1280 | 524) 131 53 1.48 55 4.35 03
Blue-collar occupations 19.73 | 1358 | 614] 1.11 83 4.51 74 1.93 04
‘Service occupations 11.90 877 | 3.43 66 23 83 a 4.19 (?)
Goods-producing industries? 2390 | 1645 | 744] 1.55} 1.04 1.81 86 244 07
Construction .. 2375 | 1684 | 691 79 96 1.48 4.08 2.60 {?)
Manutacturing 2374 | 1621 | 753] 1.78] 1.06 1.89 7 1.94 09
Service-producing industries 22039 | 1647 | 592] 1.57 80 1.33 66 1.73 02
‘Transportation and public utilities 279 | 1904] B85} 217] 1.05 2.09 1.26 2.24 05
Wholesale trade 2204 | 1640 | 654] 146 82 1.56 15 4.92 02
Retail rade .... 1431 | 11.15 | 3.76 68 29 68 20 133 ()
Finance, insurance, and real estate 2950 | 2030] 820} 208] 1.32 1.79 wt 1.86 04
Services .. 22.18 | 1648 {| 569} 1.70 At 427 60 1.70 02
All part-time workers in privat 10.75 8.70 33 a7 28 16 4at (2)
White-collar occupations 1353 | 10.91 53 23 39 22 1.25 (2)
y .. B74 712 21 AB 25 13 90 (2)
ive support, 12.14 50 19 43 25 1.08 (2)
Blue-collar occupations .. 10.76 27 26 At 29 1.23 (2)
Service occupations 176 6.48 [se | 07 1 05 "92 (2)
Goods-producing industries? 12.25 995 | 26023 | TMs a8 | 35 AT 147 (2)
Service-producing industries 40.70 B67 | 2.03 SS 18 4.10 (2)
Retail trade 7.83 6.43 1.44 15 09 19 09 89 (2)
Service industries. 1317 | 10.76 | 2.41 47 20 29 17 4.27 (?)
- Percent of total compensation
All full-time workers in 100.0 718 | 22] 69 32 65 32 81 04
White-collar occupations 100.0 732 | 268 | 77 29 59 3.0 77 4
Sales .. 100.0 778.| 222 49 27 47 22 76 (8)
Administrative suppor, including clerical 100.0 71.0 | 290} 73 29 B2 3.0 75 2
Biue-collar occupations .. 100.0 638 | 314 56 42 77 38 98 2
Service occupations, 100.0 73.7 | 263 55 19 70 18 10.0 ()
Goods-producing industries®. 100.0 e388 | 311 65 4a 78 3.6 as 3
Construction 100.0 7o9 | 294 |/:33.). 40 62 45 10.9 (5)
Manufacturing 100.0 633 | 317] 7.5 45 80 32 82 4
Service-producing industries* 100.0 732 | 268 7A 27 60 3.0 78 A
‘Transporation and public utilities, 100.0 68.3 | 317 78 38 75 45 80 2
‘Wholesale trade 100.0 715 | 285 64 36 68 33 84 a
Retail trade .. 400.0 79 | 224 48 20 46 14 93 @)
Finance, insurance, and real estate 100.0 712 | 288 73 46 63 39 65 4
Services 100.0 743 | 257 77 18 57 27 17 a
All part-time workers in private industry 100.0 sos | 190} 34 1.6 26 15 10.3 (8)
White-collar occupations. 100.0 80.6 | 19.4 39 17 29 16 92 (8)
Sales 400.0 sis | 15] 24 15 29 15 10.3 (8)
Administrative support, including clerical . 400.0 798 | 202] 44 16 35 24 89 (8)
Biue-collar occupations 100.0 77.0 | 23.0 25 24 38 27 114 (3)
Service occupations .. 100.0 835 | 165 18 ) 14 6 149 ()
Goods-producing industries? 100.0 738 | 21.2 27 23 29 14 120 (8)
Service-producing industries4 100.0 81.0 | 19.0 34 15 26 15 10.3 (5)
Retail trade 100.0 82.1 18.0 19 14 24 14 1.4 (8)
Service industries 100.0 a17 | 133 3.6 15 22 1.3 96 (5)

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and

retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

5 Less than .0S percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



24 .
nonsampling errors are not measured, BLS quality assurance programs contain procedures for reducing such
errors. These procedures include data collection reinterviews, observed interviews, computer data edits, and
systematic review of reports on which data are recorded. Extensive field economist training also is conducted to
maintain high data collection standards.

Comparing private and public sector data

Aggregate compensation cost levels in State and local government should not be directly compared with
those in private industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work activities
and occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part of private industry
work activities, but are rare in State and local government. White-collar occupations (largely professional
occupations including teachers) account for two-thirds of the State and local government workforce, compared
with one-half of private industry.

A detailed examination of differences in compensation levels and trends between private industry and
State and local government may be found in, “Cost of Employee Compensation in Public and Private Sectors,”
Monthly Labor Review, May 1993, and “Compensation Cost Trends in Private Industry and State and Local
Governments,” Compensation and Working Conditions, Fall 1999. :

Obtaining information
Articles, bulletins, and other information may be obtained by.calling (202) 691-6199, sending an e-mail,

message to ocltinfo @bls.gov, or visiting the Internet site (bttp://stats.bls. gov/ecthome.htm) for the Employment
Cost Index.



Chart A. Relative importance of employer costs | | Chart B. Employer costs for retirement and
for employee compensation, March 2000 savings benefits, private industry, March 2000
Civilian |State and local] Private Defined Defined
workers | government |industry | Benefit Contribution
fages and salaries |72.6%] 70.8% 173.0%! Category
[Benefits 27.4 29.2 27.0 All workers
Paid k 7 7.8 6.4 Goods-producin i
mene 8 Service-producing | i
Suppiementalpay | 2.6 | 0.9 | 3.0 White collar Po
7 - Blue collar | i
Insurance 6.4 82 | 60 Service Ha | i o4
Health benefits 5.9 7.8 5.5 Non Znign i i
Relirementsavings| 3.6 | 6.3 | 3.0 Northeast
Midwest
Defined benefit | 2.0 5.6 1.2 West
- F 1-99 employees
Defined conti. | 1.6) O07 | 1.8 100-499 employees
500+ employees
Legally required 7.9 5.9 8.4
$0.00 $0.50 $1.00
—-|- Other. benefits —_.}..0,4.--] 0.2... 0.2. Cost per hour worked

Chart C. Employer costs for employee compensation, private industry, March 2000
HE Wages & salaries HI Benefits

Category

All workers

Goods-producing
Service-producing
White collar

Blue collar
Service

Union
Non-union

Northeast
Midwest

i
West
1-99 employees.
100-499 employees
600+ employees

Full time
Part time

80 83 36 39 $12 $15 $18 $21 $24
Cost per hour worked

Bureau of Labor Statistics OCLT/SDAP 202.691.6199 ocltinfo@bls.gov http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm 6/00



21

Table 16. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a Percent of total compensation: Private industry
transportation equipment manufacturing and public utilities workers, by industry and occupational group, March 2000

Benefit costs

Total | Wages
Series compen- | and Supple- Retirement} Legally

f 4 a Other
sation | salaries Paid | ‘mental and | required 1
Total | eave | pay” | Insurance | 2" ngs | boveite | benefits
Cost per hour worked i

$34.51 | $21.51 | $13.01] $2.92] . $2.04 $3.35 $1.50 $2.78 $0.43

‘Transportation equipment manufacturing (SIC 37)

White-coltar occupations... 40.48 28.28 | 1221| 390 1.28 287 1.29 2.76 31

Professional specialty and technical . 45.26 31.62 | 1366] 4.73 115 2.88 1.47 312 29

Executive, administrative, and managerial ~ 50.67 36.83 | 13.64] 469 1.38 2.62 1.54 3.10 St
Blue-collar occupations ... 31.41 18.06 | 13351 2.41 241 3.68 1.59 279 48 i
Service occupations .. 35.58 18.23 | 17.35| 3.38 3.24 4.20 215 3.48 1.20 |
i
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 37.87 25.47 | 1239] 3.51 1.67 2.67 4.20 2.92 42 1
White-collar occupations . 40.76 20.31 | 1244} 4.04 81 269 1.32 2.99 59 i
Blue-collar occupations 33.33 20.94 | 1239| 266 3.13 264 1.02 2.83 13 |

Public utilities (SIC’s 48, 49) . wf 30.15 20.50 966} 271 4.21 2.29 1.29 2.06 W
White-coltar occupations 30.08 20.74 9.37 [ 2.70 1.20 2.25 1.05 2.04 AB
Blue-collar occupations 30.59 2026 | 1033] 278 1.22 237 177 2.12 07
Communications (SIC 48) 27.98 19.41 8.57] 247 1.18 2.05 87 1,90 10

White-collar occupations 28.00 19.49 851] 245 119 2.02 83 1.91 12
Blue-colfar occupations. 28.23 19.38 8.85] 2.57 1.46 2.47 98 1.91 07
Electric, gas, and sanitary services (SIC 49) 34.22 22.53 | 11.69} 3.15 1.26 2.72 2.06 237 12
White-collar occupations 35.32 2378 | 1153] 330 4.22 2.85 1.60 2.39 a
Blue-collar occupations 33.18 2123 | 14.95]. 3.01 1.28 259 2.63 2.36 07

Percent of total compensation

‘Transportation equipment manufacturing (SIC 37) 100.0 62.3 377 85 5.9 97 43 8.4 12
White-collar occupations ....... - 100.0 69.9 30.2 96 3.2 66 3.2 68 8
Professional specialty and technic 100.0 69.9 | 30.1] 105 25 64 3.2 69 6
Executive, administrative, and managerial 100.0 727 27.3 93 27 52 3.0 64 1.0
Blue-collar occupations 100.0 57.5 42.5 77 za WT 51 89 15
Service occupations 100.0 $1.2 48.8 95 94 18 60 89 34
Aircrait manufacturing (SIC 3721) 100.0 67.3 32.7 93 44 71 |. 32 77 ww
White-collar occupations 100.0 69.5 30.5 99 20 6.6 3.2 7.3 14
Blue-collar occupations 100.0 62.8 37.2 8.0, 94 7.8 34 85 4
Public utilities (SIC’s 48, 49) 100.0 68.0 32.0 9.0 40 7.6 43 68 4
White-collar occupations . 100.0 68.8 312 9.0 40 75 3.5 68 4
Blue-collar occupations 100.0 66.2 33.8 94 4.0 17 5.8 69 2
Communications (SIC 48) 100.0 69.4 30.6 88 42 7.3 3.1 68 4
White-collar occupations .. 100.0 69.6 30.4 88 42 7.2 3.0 68 4
Blue-collar occupations. 100.0 68.7 31.3 o4 ad 77 35 68 2
Electric, gas, and sanitary services (SIC 49) .. 100.0 65.8 34.2 9.2 37 79 60 69 4
White-collar occupations 100.0 67.3 32.6 93 35 84 45 6.8 5
Slue-collar occupations 100.0 64.0 36.0 9.4 3.9 7.8 7.9 7 2

* Includes severance pay and ‘supplemental unemployment benefits,

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



23
1997, but is thought to be minimal. For more information on the SIC coding changes, see “BLS Establishment

Estimates Revised to Incorporate March 1996 Benchmarks” in the June 1997 issue of Employment and Earnings.

For State and local governments, employment counts ranged from those for 3-digit industries, such as education
and health care, to those for major industry divisions, such as public administration.

Employment data from these 2-, 3-, and 4-digit industries were distributed to major occupational groups
(such as executives, administrators, and managers or machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors) using the
relative importance of the groups in the Employment Cost Index (ECD sample. Because the ECI establishment
sample is completely replaced over a period of several years, major occupational group employment counts from
the ECI are affected by the age of the sample. However, a few years’ difference in the age of the occupational
data within industries is likely to have a small impact on the estimates.

In contrast, the ECI, which measures the change in employer costs for employee compensation, is
calculated with fixed 1990 employment counts to prevent employment shifts among occupations and industries
from influencing the changes. Therefore, year-to-year changes in Employer Costs for Employee Compensation
will differ from those in the ECI.

More information on the cost levels, including how costs are calculated, appears in “Measuring Trends in
the Structure and Levels of Employer Costs for Employee Compensation,” Compensation and Working

Conditions, Summer 1997. An article on changes in employer compensation costs appears in “Tracking Changes

in Benefit Costs,” Compensation and Working Conditions, Spring 1999.

Relative Standard Errors

Because the ECEC is a sample survey, it is subject to sampling errors. Sampling errors are differences
that occur between the results computed from a sample of observations and those computed from all

observations in the population. The estimates derived from different samples selected using the same sample

in this publication are significant at a 1.6 standard error level or better, unless otherwise indicated. This means
that, for differences cited, the estimated difference is greater than 1.6 times the standard error of the difference.

The relative standard error is shown with the cost estimates for some series in the appendix. For a more
detailed explanation of relative standard errors, see “Measuring Trends in the Structure and Levels of Employer
Costs for Employee Compensation,” Compensation and Working Conditions, Summer 1997, For a detailed
explanation of how to use standard error data to analyze differences in year-to-year changes, see "Analyzing
Year-to-Year Changes in Employer Costs for Employee Compensation,” Compensation and Working
Conditions, Spring 1998. This article supplements an article from the Summer 1997 issue of Compensation and
Working Conditions, "Explaining the Differential Growth Rates of the ECI and ECEC," which examined how
differences in the construction of these measures contribute to differing trends.



18

Table 13. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by bargaining status, and major industry and occupational group, March 2000 .

Benefit costs
Total | Wages
Series compen- | and Supple- Retirement} Legally | Ouor
sation | salaries Paid | mental and | required 1
Total | eave | “pay. | msurance|| savings | benefis | benefits
Cost per hour worked
All union workers, privat $25.08 | $16.87 | $9.01| $1.75] $1.05 | $237 $149 | $225 | $0.10
Blue-collar occupations e7a7 |. 17.37 | 10009} 1.74] 131} 264 479 247 13 |
Goods-producing industries? ze6s | 18.01 | 1061] 1.75) 1.48 2.83 1.78 2.59 18
Service-producing industries? 2370 | 1596 | 7.74] 1.75 Wal 2.01 1.25 4.98 03
Manufacturing .. 2572 | 1593 | 979] 195] 1.69 2.57 4.14 2.23 22 |
Blue-collar occupations 25st | 1567 | 984] 190] 1.75 2.58 4.16 2.23 22
Nonmanvfacturing . 2696 | 17.34 | B62] 1.65 73 2.28 1.66 2.26 03
All nonunion workers, private industry 1907 | 14.18 | 489| 4.22 54 1.04 AT 159 02
Blue-collar occupations 4608 | 11.67 | 4.42 79 60 1.01 38 1.66 (*) |
|
Goods-producing industries? 2215 | 1577 | 6.38] 1.45 89 148 ST 1.95 04 |
Service-producing industries? 18.27 413.77 450 115 45 93 AS 1.50 (4) |
Manufacturing .. 2274 | 1604] 670]. 1.69 85 1.65 4 4.83 05
Blue-coliar occupations. 1721 | 1188 | 5.33} 1.05 83 1.42 43 1.58 {
Nonmanvfacturing 1943 | 1386 | 457] 1.13 49 94 a4 155 | (4)
Percent of total compensation
All union workers, private industry .. 400.0 65.2 | 348 68 44 92 58 a7 04
Blue-collar occupations 100.0 632 | 367 63 48 96 65 90 5
Goods-producing industries? .. 100.0 630 | 37.4 64 52 9.9 62 94 6
Service-producing industries? 100.0 673 | s27.} 74 3.0 85 53 a4 1
Manvfacturing 100.0 619 | 381 76 66 10.0 44 87 z)
Bive-collar occupatior 100.0 61.4 38.6 7A 69 10.1 45 87 9
Nonmanufacturing ... 100.0 668 | 332 64 28 88 64 87 a
Ail nonunion workers, private industry 100.0 744 | 256 | 64 28 55 25 a3 A
Blue-collar occupations .. 100.0 726 | 275] 49 37 63 22 103 (5)
Goods-producing industries? . 100.0 712 | 288 65 40 67 26 as 2
Service-producing industries? 400.0 754 | 246 | 63 25 5.4 25 B2 (5)
Manufacturing .... 100.0 7os | 295 | 74 37 73 2.8 8.0 2
Biue-collar occupations... 100.0 690 | 310] 64 48 83, fe 25. 92 4
Nonmanufacturing ... 400.0 752 | 2481 64 27 51 2. a4 (5)
1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 4 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. © Less than .05 percent.

3 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and
retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries. Note: The sum of individuat items may not equal totals due to rounding.



10 .

Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by major industry group, March 2000 .

sant a , .
Compensation AN workers: Goods producing! | Service producing? | - Manufacturing Nonmanutacturing
component
Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Gost | Percent
Total compensation . $1985 | 100.0 | $23.55 | 100.0 | $1872 | 100.0 | $23.41 | 100.0 | $1912 | 100.0
Wages and salaries * 44.49 73.0 | 16.25 69.0 | 13.95 745 | 16.01 604 | 14.18 742
Total benefits 5.36 27.0 7.30] 31.0 ATT 255 | 7.40 31.6 4.94 258
Paid leave .. 1.28 64 1.51 64 4.20 64 1.74 74 418 62
Vacation 63 32 76 32 59 32 86 37 58 3.0
Holiday 44 22 58 24 40 24 65 28 40 at
Sick 45 8 At 6 16 a 13 6 15 B
Other 08 3 08 3 05 3 10 4 05 3
Supplemental pay 60 3.0 4.02 43 AT 25 1.04 44 x) 27
Premiu 24 1.2 4 23 15 8 58 25 a7 9
Shift differentials ... 05 3 08 3 104 2 10 4 ‘04 2
Nonproduction bonuses 31 16 At WwW 29 15 38 15 30 16
1.19 6.0 177 78 1.02 54 1.85 79 1.06 55 H
‘04 2 06 3]. 04 2 06 3 04 2 |
1.09 55 4.62 69 92 49 1.69 72 96 5.0 |
Short-term disal 04 2 06 3 03 2 07 3 03 2
Long-term isabuy 03 2 03 1 03 2 03 A 03 2
Retirement and savings 59 3.0 83 35 51 75, 32 58 29
Defined benefit 23 12 At 17 18 1.0 34 15 24 WW
Defined contribut 36 18 a3 18 34 4 at 18 35 18
Legally required benefits . 1.67 84 2.09 89 1.54 82 1.92 82 1.62 85.
Social SecurityS 4.20 6.0 1.38 59 4.15 64 1.38 59 117 61
‘OASD . 97 49 1.12 48 92 49 114 47 94 49
Medicare .. 24 12 27 14 23 12 ca 12 23 42
Federal unemployment insurance 03 2 03 4 03 2 03 4 03 2
State unemployment insurance 10 5 12 5 09. 5 a 5 10 5S
Workers’ compensation 33 17 56 24 27 14 40 17 32 Ww
Other benefits® 03 2 o7 3] (7) (8) 09 A} (7) ()
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 5 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI
2 includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and... portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the. acronym for Old-Age, Survivors,
_ Fetal trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries, - and Disability Insurance.
3 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work Schedule 6 ‘Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment Benefits.
(such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 7 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
4 Short-term disability (previously, sickness and accident insurance) 8 Less than .05 percent.

includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide
benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans. Note: The sum of individuat items may not equal totals due to rounding.



7

Table 2, Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Civilian
workers, by occupational and industry group, March 2000

; Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series. compen- | and . ‘Supple- Retirement{ Legally Other
sation | salaries Paid } mental and Tequired ts!
Total | jeave | pay | insurance savings | benefits | benefits

Cost per hour worked

$21.16 | $15.36 | $580} $142] $0.55 $1.36 $0.77 $1.67 $0.03

Occupational group

White-collar occupations .. 2566 | 1891 | 675] 1.86 ST 1.56 93 1.79 03
Professional specialty and technical 3444 | 2559} B85} 255 54 2.00 143 2.28 05
Professional specialty -| 3685 | 2753 | 932] 271 50 2.13 1.58 2.36 05
Nurses .. 30.28 | 2206} a24] 248] 1.00 1.58 85 232 () i
Teachers .. 39.19 | 2993 | 927] 204 08 255 234 2.20 7 : |
Technical . 26.15 | 1894 | 722] 199 ‘7 158 92 2.00 05 i
Executive, administrative, and managerial 37.19 | 2697}. 1021] 318] 1.19 1.98 1.38 2.45 05
Administrative support, including clerical 1722 | 1226 | 4.96] 1.25 At 1.42 58 1.27 02
Blve-collar occupations ta95 | 13.11] 584} 1.08 14 1.43 72 1.84 04
Service occupations .. 14.70 acs | 306] 66 20 70 38 1.10 ()
Industry group
Services 2220 | 1662 | 558] 1.52 3 1.33 79 1.62 02
Health services 2205 | 1617.) 587} 1.88 a4 1.27 61 1.66 «)
Hospitals .. 2379 | 1677 | 7.03| 209 65 177 ea) 1.80 (?)
Educational services 31.03 | 2303 | 800] 1.94 30 2.33 1.80 1.79 05
Elementary and secondary education 30.46 | 2263} 783] 1.721.. o7 251 1.80 1.67 07
Higher education 3340 | 2471 | Bea}. 246 14 2.07 1.94 2.06 (?)

Percent of total compensation

Civilian workers. 100.0 726. 274 > 67 26 64 3.6 79 Ot
Occupational group |
White-coliar occupations ... 100.0 737 26.3 72 22 64 36 7.0 a |
Professional specialty and technical 100.0 743 25.7 74 1.6 58. 42 66 a |
Professiona! specialty .. 100.0 747 25.3 74 1:4 58 43 64 “A
Nurses .. 100.0 728 27.2 82 3.3 5.2 6. 28 a7 ( 3)
Teachers 400.0 76.4 23.7 52 2 6.55 8.0 5.6 2
Technical .. 100.0 72.4 27.6 78 26 6.0 B35 76 2
Executive, administrative, and managerial 100.0 725 275 86 3.2 53 37 66 a
Administrative support, including clerical 100.0 712 28.8 73 24 B.2 34 74 a
Blue-collar occupations .. 100.0 69.2 30.8 57 39 7S 38 o7 2 i
Service occupations 100.0 73.9 26.2 56 Ww 6.0 3.2 94 () 1
Industry group i
Services .. 100.0 74.9 25.1 6B 14 60 36 7.3 1
Health services 100.0 73.3 26.6 85 2.0 5.8 28 75 (3)
Hospitals: 100.0 70.5 29.6 BB 27 74 3.0 76 (3)
Educational services 100.0 742 25.8 63 3 75 58 58 2
Elementary and sex 100.0 74.3 25.7 56 2 82 5.9 55 2
Higher education 100.0 740 | 260] 7.4 4 62 58 62 «)

} Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benelits.
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
3 Less than .05 percent.



6 ean

Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:

workers, by major occupational group, March 2000 -
Compensation Civilian workers White collar Blue collar Service
component
Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent
Total compensation .. $21.16 100.0 | $25.66 100.0 | $18.95 100.0 | $11.70 400.0
Wages and salaries .. 15.36 726 18.91 73.7 13.11 692 8.65 739
Total benefits . 5.80 274 6.75 26.3 5.84 308 3.06 26.2
1.42 67 1.86 72 1.08 57 66 56
65. 34 84 33 54 28. 29 25
48, 23 62 24 39 24 22 19
21 1.0 30 12 10 5 nn 3
07 3 10 A 05 3 04 3
Supplemental pay ... 55 26 ST 22 4 39 20 17
Premium! .. 22 1.0 12 Ss 49 26 a )
Shift differentials ~ 05 2 04 2 07 4 04 3
Nonproduction bonuses 28 13 at 16 18 9 05 4
Insurance 1.36 64 1.56 6.1 1.43 75 70 6.0
Life 05 2 06 2 05 3 02 2
Health 1.25 5.9 1.43 5.6 4.33 70 68 56
Short-term disability? 04 2 04 2 04 2 02 2
Long-term disability 03 a 04 2 02 4 @) (4)
Retirement and savings .. 7 36 93 3.6 7 3.8 38 32
Defined benefit 43 20 48 19 43 23 31 26
Defined contribution 34 16° a5 18 29 15 08 7
Legally required benefits 1.67 79 1.79 7.0 1.84 97 1:10 94.
Social Security> 1,22 5.8 1.46 57 tt 5.9. 72 6.2
OASDI . 98 48 1.46 45 90 47 58 “5.0
Medicare 25 1.2 30 12 24 om] 14 412 °
Federal unemployment insurance .. 03 a 03 a 03 2 03" 3 a
State'unemployment insurance 09 4 08 3 14 6 08 7
» Workers” compensation 33 16 21 8B 59 34 27 23
Other benefits® 03 a 03 a 04 2 (?) (4) i
1 includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work 5 The total. employer's cost-for Social Security is comprised of an i
schedule {such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). OASDI portion. anda Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for i
2 Short-term disability: (previously, sickness and accident insurance) _Old-Age; Survivors, and Disability insurance. j
includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide 6 Includes severance pay and supplementat unemployment benefits.
benefits tor each disability, including unfunded plans. “
3 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. Note: The sum of individual iteris may not equal totals due to rounding.

4 Less than .05 percent.



Table 14. Employer costs per hour worked for employee comp
workers, by establishment employment size, and major industr

19

ensation and costs as a percent of total com
'y and occupational group, March 2000

pensation: Private industry

Benefit costs
, Total. | Wages
tndstry and ‘Occupational group, compen- | and ‘Suppie- Retirement] Legally | 6,
and employment size sation | salaries | 14.4) | Paid | mental ‘i and | required ne?
On" | teave | pay | Insurance | ootinos | potent. | benefits
Cost per hour worked
All workers in private industry Si985 | siaaa | $535] $128] soso! st1o | soso |. s167 $0.03
1-99 workers 17.16 | 1295 | 421] ~ 99 AT 89 40 153 | (2)
100 or more workers . 2281 | 1619 | sez] 167 75 1.54 80 1.82 05
100-499 workers 19.30 | 1405 | 525] 123 59 1.20 58 1.65 02
500 of more workers 2693 | 1870} 823] 218 93 1.93 1.08 2.02 09
Goods-producing industries? 2355 | 1625 {| 7.301 151] 102 177 83 2.09 07
1-99 workers: 1996 | 1438 | 558] a9 78 1.27 60 206 | (2)
100 or more workers 26.15 | 1760 | B54] 197{ 122 2.13 1.00 an an
100-499 workers 2208 | 1515 | 693] 4.43] 4.00 1.75 81 1.93 02
500 or more workers 30.28 | 20.09} 119] 252] 443 253 121 2.30 20
Service-producing industries 1972 | 1395 | 477| 1.20 AT 1.02 st 154 (2)
1-99 workers. . 1652 | 1262 | 390} (93 40 80 35 144 (2)
100 or more workers . 2148 | 1562 | ses] 155 86 1.30 72 1.70 03
100-499 workers 18.30 | 1365] 4e65| 116 a5 1.00 a7 1.55 02
500 of more workers . 2544 | 1808 | 737] 203 mm 1.66 4.02 1.89 04
White-collar occupations 24.19 | 1791 | 628} 1.76 67 1.34 70 1.78 03
1-99 workers 2086 | 1583] 503] 133 58 1.05 48 1458 | (2)
100 or more workers 27.56 | 20.02 | 754} 219 75 1.64 92 1.99 05
100-499 workers 2352 | 17441 608] 1.65 64 1.32 68 1.78 03
500 or more work: 3161 | 2261 | 900] 274 ‘87 1.96 1.16 2.20 08
Blue-collar occupations. 1873 | 1299} 573] 1.01 76 1.39 69 1.85 04
1-99 workers .. 17.19 12.51 468 74 5S 1,06 50 1.83 (7)
100 or more workers 20.39 | 1352 { 687] 131} 100 174 89 1.87 or
100-499 workers... 794 | 1235 | 559} 104 75 1.40 63 1.76 @)
2357 | 1503 | 354] 66] 139 219 1.22 2.01 M4
Percent of total compensation
All workers in private industry 100.0 730 | 270] 64 3.0 6.0, 3.0 84 02
1-99 workers 100.0 755 | 245] 54 27 52 23a 89 ()
100 or more workers 100.0 710 | 20] 73 33 68 35 80 2
100-499 workers 400.0 728 | 272 6a 34 62 29 a5 a
500 or more workers. 100.0 694° | 306] 91 35 72 40 75 3
Goods:producing industries? 100.0 69.0 | 310 | 64 43 75 35 as 3
4-99 workers 100.0 720'} 280 | 4's 38 64 30 40.3 ey.
100 or more workers 100.0 673° | 327] 75 47 81 38 84 4
100-499 workers 100.0 66 | 314] 65 45 79 37 87 4
500 or more workers 100.0 663 | 337] 383 47 a4 40 76 7
Service-producing industries4 100.0 745 | 255] 64 28 54 27 82 (8)
1-99 workers .... 100.0 764 | 236] 56 24 48 24 85 @)
100 or more workers 100.0 727 | 273} 72 26 61 34 79 4
400-499 workers 100.0 748 | 254] 63 25 55 26 85 a
500 of more workers 100.0 711 | 201 80 28 65 40 74 2
White-collar occupations 100.0 740 | 260 { 73 28 55 29 74 A
1-99 workers 100.0 759 | 241] 64 28 5.0 23 76 (a)
100 or more wor 400.0 728 | 24a! 79 27 60 33 72 2
100-499 workers . 100.0 741 | 259] 70 27 58 29 76 a
500 or more workers... 100.0 m5 | 25] a7 28 62 37 7.0 3
Blue-collar occupations 100.0 694 | sos] 54 44 74 37 99 2
1-99 workers .. 100.0 728 | 272] 43 32 62 29 106 ()
100 or more workers: 1400.0 66.3 33.7 64 49 B5 44 9.2 3
100-499 workers . 100.0 sas | 312] 58 42 78 35 98 (5)
500 oF more workers 400.0 638 | 362] 70 56 93 52 85 6

1 Includes severance Pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 oF less
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

* Includes transportation, communication, and Public utilities; wholesale and

Fetal trade; finance, insurance,

Less than .05 percent.

and real estate; and service industries.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



9

Table 4. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State and
local government, by occupational and industry group, March 2000

Benefit costs
Total | Wages
Series compen- | and Supple- Retirement] Legally | oper
sation | salaries Paid } mental and | required 1
Tota! | eave | “pay |Isurance | savings | ponents. | benefits
Cost per hour worked
State and local government workers .. $29.05 | $2057 | $8.48} $226] $025 | $238 | $1.84 $1.70 | $0.05
Occupational group
White-collar occupations... 3217 | 2336 | 881] 233 14 251 1.98 4.82 05
Professional specialty and technical . 3815 | 2848] 967] 230 AS 2.68 237 2.10 07
Professional specialty 3941 | 2955] 986] 2.31 13 275 2.46 2.13 7
Teachers . 4218 | 3202 | 1016{ 218 07 2.90 274 2.20 09
Technical .. 2476 | 17.08 | 7.68] 225 40 1.92 1.38 1.70 08
Executive, administrative, and managerial 36.20 | 25.44 | 1076| 364 18 2.60 2.23 2.07 03
Administrative suppor, including clerica 1es2 | 1238 | 614] 1.70 10 2.14 1.04 114 03
Bive-collar occupations 2278 | 1505] 7.72] 218 36 2.28 1.31 1.57 03
Service occupations .. 22.05 | 1429} 7.76] 2.06 53 2.01 473 1.38 06
Industry group —
Services .. 3061 | 2237] 825] 2.04 16 2.44 1.84 1.73 05
Health services 2374 | 1603 | 7.70] 240 60 1.91 4.08 1.68 04
Hospitals .. 2431 | 1642 | ‘798| 247 59 1.96 aT 171 04
Educational services 31.86 | 2354] 832] 1.97 09 2.50 4.96 1.74 06
Elementary and secondary education 3123 | 23139] a10| 1.77 07 2.62 1.91 1.68 07
Higher education 3418 | 25.17 | 900], 252 AT 2.18 214 1.98 (?)
Public administration .. 26.26 | 1747} |79} 265 38 2.25 1.88 1.59 05
Percent of total compensation
State and local government workers ... 400.0 7oe | 292 7.8 0.9. 82 63 5.9 02
Occupational group
White-coltar occupations 726 | 274 72 4 78 61 57 2
Professional specialty and technical 747 | 253 60 4 7.0 62 5.5 2
Professional specialty 75.0 | 25.0 5.9 3 7.0 62 54 2
Teachers 759 | 244 52 2 69 65 52 2
~: Technical . 69.0" |>-31.0 a4 16 78 56%, 6.9. 2
Executive, administrative, and managerial 103 | 297 | 104 5 72 62's 57. (3)
Administrative suppor, including clerical 668° | 332 92 5 116 56 62 2
Blue-collar occupations .. 661 | 339 96 16 10.0 58 69 a
Service occupations ... 100.0 648 | 362 93 24 94 78 63 3
Industry group
100.0 73.1 | 27.0 67 5 80 60 57 2
100.0 675 | 324] 104 25 80 45 74 2
100.0 675 | 324] 102 24 84 46 7.0 2
Educational services 100.0 739 | 264 62 3 738 62 55 2
Elementary and secondary education 100.0 744 | 259 87 2 84 64 53 2
Higher education 100.0 736 | 263 74 s 64 63 5.8 (3)
Public administration ... 100.0 665 | 335} 101 14 86 72 61 2

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benelits,

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



|

25

Appendix. Employer costs per hour worked for components of compensation, and relative standard errors,’ by major industry and
occupational categories, March 2000

Benefit costs
Totat Wages
Industry or ,
x compen- | and Supple- Retirement! Legally
occupation category sation | salaries | yo. | Paid | mental insurance | and required caer
leave | pay urance | savings | benefits re

Civilian workers
Cost per hour worked
Relative error .

$21.16 | $1536 | $5.80} $1.42} goss} $1.36 $0.77 $1.67 $0.03
17 16 24 32 44 20 25 14 89

State and local government workers

Cost per hour worked .. $29.05 | $2057 | $a48| $226{ $251 $238 $1.84 $1.70 $.05 i
Relative error .. 15 16 19 | 20 74 24 35 23 23.9
Private industry workers
Cost per hour worked $19.85 | $1449 | $5.96] 128] $60] gi19 $.59 $1.67 $.03 i
Relative error .. 24 1.9 26 | at 47 26 35 12 8.4 |
Goods-producing industries? !
Cost per hour worked $23.55 | $1625 | $730] $1.51] $1.02 | g1.77 $.83 $2.09 $.07
Relative error .. 2.0 18 27 28 73 36 54 18 11.0 i
Service-producing industries4
Cost per hour worked $18.72 | $13.95 | $477] si20] $47 | $102 $51 $1.54 (8)
Relative error . 23 24 29 | 50 64 25 35 12 (8) |
Manufacturing
Cost per hour worked $23.44 | $16.01 | $7.40] $1.74] $1.04] $1.85 $75 $1.92 $.09 |
Relative error 2.0 20 23 | 29 38 26 42 16 11.4
Nonmanutacturing
Cost per hour worked $19.12 | $iaia | sac4} srie] $51] $1.06 $.56 $1.62 (3)
+= Relative-ertor ..... 23 24 34 49 67 34 42 13 (8) |
White-collas workers ; |
Cost per hour worked $17.91 | $6.28] $176] $67 | $1.34. $.70 $1.78 $.03
Relative error. .... 26 3.3 5.2 8.0 25 3.6 1.6 95
Blue-collar workers
Cost per hour worked $12.99 | $5.73] $101] $76] $1.39 $.69 $1.85 $.04
Relative error .... 1.2 24 26 3.2 35 5.4 1s 12.0
Service workers .
Cost per hour worked . $7.57 | $2.16] $39] $14 $45 [> '$.13 $1.05 @)
. Relative error .......1 15 26 44 53 5.5 68, WwW (8)
1 “The relative erroris the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost retail trade; finance, insurance, and reat estate; and service industries,
One can’ be 90-percent confident thal the interval around the cost estimate ® Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
bounded by 1.6 times plus and 4.6 times minus the standard error contains the Relative error is suppressed because cost per hour worked is less than
"true" cost. $0.01.

2 Includes severance Pay and supplemental unemployment benefits,
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4 Includes transportation, communication, and public ulilities; wholesale and

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to. rounding,



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United States ’
Department &
of Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212

Technical Contact:

(202) 691-6199 ocltinfo @bls:gov
Media Contact:

(202) 691-5902 Hoyle_K@bls.gov
Internet address:
hitp://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm

USDL: 00-186

FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Thursday, June 29, 2000

Z |
EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION - MARCH 2000 |

In March 2000, employer costs for employee compensation for civilian workers

xt ‘State:and local government) in the United States averaged $21.16 per hour worked; the U.S. Department of- ~~

t | ies, which averaged $15.36, accounted for ~~ -
sts, while beriefits, which averaged’ $5.80, accounted for the rémaitiing 27

approximately 73 pércent of these co:
percent. (See table 1.)

Private Industry

In March 2000, private industry employer compensation costs averaged $19.85 per hour worked. Wages
and salaries averaged $14.49 per hour (73 percent), while benefits averaged $5.36 (27 percent). (See table 5.)

Compensation costs varied by industry, occupational group, region, establishment size, ‘and worker
characteristics (bargaining status and full-/part-time status).

Average employer compensation costs were $23.55 per hour in goods-pioducing industries and $18.72

per hour in service-producing industries, Among industry groups, average compensation costs ranged from

$10.99 in retail trade to $26.97 in finance, insurance, and real estate. (See table 10.)

Average compensation costs were $24.19 per hour for white
occupations, and $9.72 for service occupations. Benefits, however,


12

Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by

region and bargaining status, March 2000

Region? Bargaining status
Compensation Northeast South Midwest West Union Nonunion
component

Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent} Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent
Total compensation s22.67 | 1000 | $17.81 | 100.0 | 1922 | 100.0 | s208a | 1000 | $25.88 | 100.0 | st9.07 | 1000
Wages and salaties .. 1637 | 722] 1309] 73s | 1391} 724] 1545} 740] 1687] 652] 1418 | 744
Total benefits . 690} 278] 472 | 265] 522] 277] sas] 260] oor} sas] aso} 256
1.64 72 | 1.08 er] 1.19 62} 133 ea] 175 6s | 122 64
‘at 36 ‘s4 30 ‘s9 34 64 34 ‘91 35 ‘59 aa
85 24 ‘37 24 at 2A 47 23 58 22 az 22
20 ‘9 3 7 12 6 47 3 18 7 15 8
‘07 3 05 3 06 3 05 2 ‘08 3 05 3
‘Supplemental pay .. n 3a 53 30 64 33 54 26 | 1.05 44 54 28
Premium? 19 8 22 12 31 16 2 10 68 26 118 2
Shift differentials 05 2 ‘04 2 97 4 ‘4 2 18 6 ‘4 2
Nonproduction bonuses 46 2.0 27 15 27 14 ‘29 14 22 ec) ‘33 17
Insurance . 1.40 62 | 106 eo} 123 ea] 1.14 ss | 237 92] 104 55
Life 95 2 04 2 05 3 ‘04 2 08 3 ‘04 2
Heal 427 56 ‘96 sa} 112 sa] 1.05 so] 217 a4 ‘95 50
Short-term disability® 05 2 08 2 ‘04 2 02 a “08 3 03 2
Long-term disability .. ‘03 a ‘03 2 02 a 03 4 04 2 ‘03 2
Retirement and savings 67 3.0 st 29 8 32 61 29}. 149 58 AT 25
Defined benefit 25 ua 18 10 27 14 25 12 | 107 4a 12 6
Defined contribution. 42 19 33 19 34 18 36 17 ) 16 38 18
Legally required benefits 1.85 a2 | 153 as] 1.60 aa} 4.79 as | 225 a7} 159 83
Social Security 32 58 | 1.10 62] 117 61] 128 ea | 145 56] 117 64
OASDI 1.05 46 89 5.0 ‘34 ag} 102 ag] 1.47 45 ‘94 49
Medicare 2 12 22 12 23 12 25 12 28 "4 ‘23 12
Federal unemployment insurance 93 4 ‘03 2 ‘93 2 03 a 03 4 ‘03 2
State unemployment insurance 16 7 ‘06 3 ‘99 5 12 6 13 ‘S 10 5
Workers’ compensation . ‘34 15 38 19 31 16 37 18 64 25 29 15
‘Other benefits> 03 + 02 a 04 2 02 a 10 4 02 a

1 The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, 3 Short-term disability (previously, sickness and accident insurance) includes all

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,.
and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, . Florida,
Georgia; Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma,: South:
Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: llinois, indiana,
Iowa, Kansas; Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South’.
Dakota, ‘and Wisconsin; and West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii,
Idaho, Moritana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

2 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as
overtime, weekends, and holidays),

ingured, selt-insured, and state-mandated pans that provide benefits for each disabitty,
including unfunded plans.
4 "The total employers cost for Social Security is comprised ot’an-OASBI portion
and-a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Ols-Age, Survivors, and Disability
Insurance.

< § Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equat totals due to rounding.



il

Table 6, Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private
industry workers, by major occupational group, March 2000

. , ‘i {
Compensation All workers White collar Blue collar Service |
component |
Cost Percent | Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent |
|
|
Total compensation .. $19.85 100.0 | $24.19 | 1000 | $18.73 1000 | $9.72 100.0 i
|
Wages and salaries 14.49 73.0 | 17.91 740 | 12.99 69.4 7.87 779 i
i
Total benefits .. 5.36 27.0 6.28 26.0 5.73 30.6 2.16 222
Paid leave 1.28 64 1.76 73 101 54 39 40 |
Vacation .. 63 32 86 36 52 28 18 19 |
Holiday a4 22 59 24 37 20 33 13
Sick 35 8 22 9 08 4 06 6
Other 06 3 08 3 04 2 02 2
‘Supplemental pay .. 60 3.0 87 28 76 44 14 14
Premiumt 24 12 43 5 50 27 08 8 i
Shift differentials 05 3 04 2 oT 4 03 3
Nonproduction bonuses 3t 16 49 2.0 19 1.0 04 4
Insurance 1.49 6.0 1.94 55 1.39 74 | + 45 46
Life 04 2 05 2 05 . 3 (7) (3)
Health 1.09 55 421 5.0 128 68 42 43
Short-term disability? 04 2 04 2 04 2 (?) (8)-
Long-term disability .. 03 2 04 2 02 + (7) (3)
Retirement and savings 59 3.0 70 29 69 37 13 13
Defined benefit. 23 12 20 8 40 24 05 5
Defined contribution .. 36 18 50 24 29 1 08. 8
Legally required benefits 1.67 a4 178 1.85 9.9 1.05 10.8
Social SecurityS 1.20 6.0 4.45 wat 59 69 7A
OASDI 97 49 115 20 48 56 5B
Medicare 24 12 29 2t ww 13 1.3
Federal unemployment insurance 03 2 03 03 2 04 4
State unemployment insurance 10 s 10 cs) 6 09 9
Workers’ compensation 33 7 24 60 32 23 24
‘Other benefitsS 03 2 03 1 04 2 (7) 13)
Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work «5. The. totat.employer’s cost for Social Security is comprised: of! an.:
+ ¥oschedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). OASDI.'portion-and a Medicare portion. OASDI Is the acronym for
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. ‘Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability insurance:
3 Less than .0S percent, S-ancludes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

4 Short-term disability (previously, sickness and accident insurance) . :
includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to.rounding.
benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.



8

Table 3. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State and local

government, by selected characteristics," March 2000

‘Compensation All workers White collar occupations Service occupations Service industries
component Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
‘Total compensation $29.05 100.0 $32.17 100.0 $22.05 100.0 $30.61 100.0
Wages and salaries. 20.57 70.8 23.36 726 14.29 64.8 22.37 73.1
Total benefits ... B48 29.2 881 274 7.76 35.2 8.25 27.0
Paid leave 2.26 78 2.33 72 2.06 93 2.04 67
Vacation a7 27 72 22 BB 4.0 55 18
Holiday .. 73 25 a7 24 66 3.0 68 22

Sick 58 2.0 65 2.0 3B V7 62 2.0
Other AB 6 19 6 14 6 18 6

‘Supplemental pay .. 25 a) 4 A 53 24 16

Premiut 12 4 04 A 28 13 05 2
Shift differentials .. 08 2 (04 a AZ 5 05 2
Nonproduction bonuses .. oF 2 06 2 13 6 05 2
Insurance 2.38 8.2 2.51 78 2.01 941 2.44 BO
Life 05 2 06 2 04 2 05 2
Health .. 2.27 78 2.40 75 1.89 8.6 233 76
‘Short-term disability? 03 a 02 a 05 2 02 4
Long-term disability 03 a 04 a 02 a 03 a)
Retirement and savings 1.84 63 1.96 61 173 78 1.84 60
Defined benefit 1.64 56 1.73 54 1.65 75 1.64 54
Defined contribution 20 7 23 7 08 4 20 7
Legally required benefits 1.70 59 1.82 57 1.38 63 4.73 57
Social Security 4.35 46 1.54 48 89 4.0 1.47 48
OASDI 1.05 3.6 1.49 37 69 at 1.14 37
Medicare 30 1.0 35. 14 24 1.0 33 44

Federal unemployment insurance () (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) @) (8).
State unemployment insurance 03 a 03 7 04 2 03 a
Workers’ compensation .. 31 1 25 8 AB 2.0 22 7
Other benefits” .. 0S 2 05 2 06 3 05 2

1 This table presents data for the two major occupational groups in State.
and local govemments: White-collar occupations, largely professional
‘occupations, including teachers; and service occupations, including police and
firefighters; and orie major industry group, services. The service industries,
which include health and educational services, employ a large part of the State
and local govemment wortforce.

2 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule
(such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).

3 Shortterm disability (previously, sickness and accident insurance)
includes all insured, self-insured, and state-mandated plans that provide

benefits for each disability, including unfunded plans.

4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI
portion and a Medicare portion. OASDIis the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors,
and Disability insurance. ae

5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01, or ess.

5 Less than .05 percent. Re

7 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding,



22

EXPLANATORY NOTES

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) measures the average cost per employee hour
worked that employers pay for wages and salaries and benefits.

Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage rate. For workers not paid on an hourly
basis, straight-time earnings are divided by the hours worked. Straight-time wage and salary rates are total
earnings before payroll deductions and include production bonuses, incentive pay, commissions, and cost-of-
living allowances. Not included in straight-time earnings are nonproduction bonuses, such as lump-sum
payments provided in place of wage increases, shift differentials, and premium pay for overtime and weekend
work; these payments are included in the benefits component.

Benefits include: paid leave--vacations, holidays, sick leave, and other leave; supplemental pay--premium
pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays), shift
differentials, nonproduction bonuses, and lump sum payments provided in place of wage increases; insurance--
life, health, short-term disability, and long-term disability; retirement and savings--defined benefit and defined
contribution plans; legally required benefits--Social Security, Federal and State unemployment insurance, and
Workers’ Compensation; and other benefits--severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics is expanding the definition of nonproduction bonuses to represent better
the compensation packages offered to employees. In March 2001, the ECEC will include hiring and-referral
bonuses, in addition to the traditional types of nonproduction bonuses such as attendance bonuses and lump sum
paymefits. Hiring bontises are payments made’ by the employer to induce “afi individual to accept eniployment;
referral bonuses are made by the employer to the employee for recommending an applicant who is hired by the
establishment.

The 2000 Survey |:

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation include data from both private industry and State and local
government. Not included are the self-employed and-farm, household, and Federal government workers. Survey
data are published annually with the payroll period that includes March 12 as the reference period.

The cost levels in this release are based on a sample of about 26,000 occupations within approximately
6,200 establishments in private industry and about 4,000 occupations within approximately 800 establishments in
State and local government. Sample establishments are classified by industry categories based on the 1987
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget-
Within a sample establishment, specific job categories are selected to represent broader major occupational
groups such as professional specialty and technical occupations.

Current employment weights are used to calculate cost levels. The March 2000 cost levels were
calculated using the March 2000 employment counts from the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Employment
Statistics (CES) program, benchmarked to the 1999 universe of all private nonfarm establishments. In most
instances, private industry employment counts were total employment estimates for 2-digit major industry
groups, such as primary metal manufacturing or food stores, as defined by the SIC system. In a few cases, 3-
and 4-digit industry employment counts were used. These include the 4-digit aircraft manufacturing industry
(3721) and the 3-digit health care and educational industries. In transportation and public utilities, Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) coding changes that were introduced with the 1996 CES benchmark have been
incorporated into estimates since 1998. The effect of this coding change was not analyzed for years prior to



Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.

Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table 8.

Table 9.

Table 10.
Table 11.

Table 12.

Table 13.

Table 14.

Table 15.
Table 16.

Table of Contents:

Civilian workers, by major occupational group

Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group

State and local government, by selected characteristics

State and local government, by occupational and industry group

Private industry, by major industry group

Private industry, by major occupational group
Private industry, by region and bargaining status
Private industry, by establishment employment size

Private industry, by major occupational and industry group, and full-time

and part-time status

Private industry, by occupational and industry group:

Private industry; workers in goods-producing and service- producing industries, by
occupational group

Private industry, workers in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries, by
occupational group

Private industry, by bargaining status, and major industry and occupational group
Private industry, by establishment employment size, and major.industry and
occupational. group

Private industry, workers in héalth services, by industry and occupational group:
Private industry, workers in transportation equipment manufacturing and

public utilities, by industry and occupational group an

Explanatory notes

Appendix table.

Employer costs per hour worked for components of compensation, and relative
standard errors, by major industry and occupational categories, March 2000

Wawra

10
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

19
20

21

22

25



15

Table 10. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by occupational and industry group, March 2000

Benefit costs
Total | Wages
Series compen- | and Suppie- Retirement] Legally | yee
sation | salaries Paid | mental and | required 4
Total | eave | "pay | surance | savings | benelite | Benefits
Cost per hour worked
All workers in private industry .. $19.85 | $14.49 | $5.36] $128] $060 | $1.19 $0.59 $1.67 $0.03
Occupational group
White-coltar occupations .. 2419 | 17.91 | 628] 1.76 ST 1.34 70 1.78 03
Professional specialty and technical 3 2423 | 846] 266 72 1.68 99 2.36 05
Professional specialty . 3530 | 2630] 399] 295 72 1.74 1.04 2.50 05
Technical . 26.35 | 19.19 | 7.15] 1.96 a” 1.54 86 2.04 05
Executive, administrative, and m: 37.40 | 27.31 | 1009} 308] 1.41 1.85 417 2.53 08
Sales 1632 | 1281} 350} 72 41 70 34 1.34 (?)
Administrative support, including clerical... 16.97 | 1224} 474] 1.16 A7 1.29 50 1.30 02
Blue-collar occupations ia73 | 1299 | 573] 1.01 76 1.39 69 1.85 04
Precision production, craft, Pe 2476 | 1723] 753] 1.41 95 172 1.05 2.36 04
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 17.55 | 14.72 | 582] 1.09 96 1.56 54 1.60 07
Transportation and material moving .... 19.37 | 1282 | 554 92 61 1.31 65 2.04 (2)
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers . 13.08 9.38 | 368 54 44 7 A2 1.40 @)
Service occupations .. 972 7st | 216 39 M4 45 13 1.05 (7)
Industry group
Goods-producing industries? ..... 2355 | 1625 | 730] 151] 1.02 177 83 2.09 07
Construction 2337 | 1662 | 675| 7 98 1.43 4.05 257 (?)
Manulacturing 2341 | 16.01 | 740] 1.74] 1.04 1.85, 75 1.92 09
Durables . 25.05 | 1685 | 821] 190] — 1.22 2.08 82 2.07 43
Nondurables 2093 | 14.77 | 646]. 1.51 7 1.52 65 1.69 03
Service-producing industries* 18.72 | 1395 | 4.77} 4.20 47 1.02 51 1.54 (2)
“Transportation and public uti 25.84 | 1773 | 812} -1:94 95 1.89 147 2.13 04
-Wholesale trade .. 2212 | 1590 | 622] 1.38 7 1.47 aA 1.87 02
Retail trade .. : 10.93 a73 | 226 40 19 a2 14 1.10 (?)
Finance, insurance, and real estate .. 2697 | 19.30} 767] 193] 1.23 187 1.02 179 04
Services .. ese 19.73 14.93 4.80 1.36 35 4.01 48 1.58 (7)
Percent of total compensation
All workers in private industry se 100.0 730 | 27.0] 64 3.0 60 3.0 84 02
Occupational group.
White-collar occupations . 100.0 740 | 260] 73 28 55 29 74 1
Professional specialty and technical . 100.0 741 | 259] 31 22 51 3.0 72 2
Professional specialty 400.0 745 | 255]. 84 2.0 49 29 74 a
Technical 100.0 728 | 27.4 7A a7 58 33 7 2
Executive, administrative, and managerial . 100.0 730 | 27.0} a2 38 49 34 68 2
Sales 100.0 785 21.4 44 25 43 24 B.2 (5)
Administrative suppor, including clerical . 100.0 7241 | 279 68 28 78 29 77 a
Blue-coflar occupations 100.0 694 | 306] 5.4 44 TA 37 99 2
Precision production, craft, and repair 400.0 696 | 304 57 38 69 42 95 2
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 100.0 668 | 332 62 55 89 34 94 4
Transportation and material moving . 100.0 698 | 302 5.0 33 7A 35 Wt (5)
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and 100.0 718 | 282 4a 34 67 32 107 (3)
Service occupations . 100.0 79 | 222 4.0 14 46 13 10.8 ()
Industry group
Goods-producing industies? 100.0 690 | 310] 64 43 75 35 cr) 3
Construction 100.0 via | 289 3.3 40 61 45 14.0 (i)
Manufacturing .. 100.0 684 | 316 74 44 79 32 a2 4
Durables 100.0 672 | 328 76 4g 83 33 83 5
Nondurables 100.0 706 | 294} 72 37 73 34 8.1 4
‘Service-producing industries 100.0 745 | 2551 64 25 54 27 a2 (?)
‘Transportation ang public utilities 100.0 636 {| 314 75 37 73 45 82 2
Wholesale trade... 100.0 71.9 | 284 62 35 66 32 8S a
Retail trade 100.0 794 | 206 | 36 17 38 13 10.0 (8)
Finance, insurance, and real 100.0 716 | 284 72 46 62 38 66 :
Services 100.0 787 24.3 69 18 54 24 8.0 @)

* includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and

retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
5 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 12, Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensatior

17

manufacturing and nonmanufacturing workers, by occupational group, March 2000

: Private industry

Benefit costs
Total | Wages
Series compen- | and Supple- Retirement} Legally | Gio,
sation | salaries Paid | mental and | required met
Total | teave | pay | surance] savings | benetis | Benefits
Cost per hour worked
All workers, manufacturing industries .. $23.41 | $16.01 | $7.40} $1.74] $1.04 | $1.85 $0.75 $1.92 $0.09
White-collar occupations .. 32.10 | 2300 | 909] 277 89 2.07 1.00 225 a
Professional specialty and technical . 37.96 | 27.04 | 1092] 353 97 2.40 1.23 2.65 14
Professional specialty 41.73 | 2996 | 1177] 398 cy) 249 1.36 2.88 15
Technical 2859 | 19.78 | asi] 240f 1.13 247 90 2.08 A2
Executive, administrative, and managerial 43.46 | 31.52 | 1194] 386] 1.27 2.29 1.48 2.86 18
Administrative suppor, including clerical .. 3e07 | 1277 | 530] 1.28 53 159 a4 1.39 06
Blue-coltar occupations 1968 | 1301} 667} 190] 1.14 1.76 65. 1.77 08
Precision production, craft, and repai 25.66 | 16.90) 876{ 1.93] 1.45 2.16 88 2.23 a
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 1881 | 1293] 648] 122] 1.10 178 62 1.68 09
“Transportation and material moving . 1844 | 1241 | 603} 104] 1.00 1.46 53 1.99 03
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, an 14.41 990 | 454 76 68 1.24 a4 136 02
Service occupations .. 1699 | 14.03 | 597] 1.09 98 1.62 4 1.64 10
All workers, nonmanufacturing industries . wi2 | 1418 | 494] 1.18 51 1.06 56 1.62 (2)
White-collar occupations 2329 | 1733 | 596] 1.64 64 1.26 66 1.73 02
Protessional specialty and technical .. 31.69 | 23.70 | 7.99] 250 67 155 4 231 03
Professional specialty 34.07-| 25.61 | 847]. 276 68 1.60 98 2.42 03
Technical 25.93 | 1908 | 685] 1.87 64 1.42 85 2.03 03
Executive, administrative, and managerial «. 3648 | 2667} 981| 296] 143 1.78 1.43 2.48 04
Sales .. 1595 | 1255 | 339 69 39 68 32 1.31 )
Administrative suppor, including clerical .. 1605. | 1218 | 467] 1.15 48 1.25 ) 4.29 02
Blue-collar occupations 18.17 |. 1299 | 5.19) 24 56 1.17 n 1.90 ()
Precision production, craft, and rep: 2443 | 1735 | 7.08] 1.22 7 1.56 1.10 241 02
‘Transportation and material moving 18.35 | 1289} S46} 90 $5. 1.29 67 2.05 (2)
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, ai 12.70 9.24 3.46 48 38 78 AV 141 (7)
Service occupations 9.59 7st | 209] 37 13 a3 2 1.03 (?)
Percent of total compensation
All workers, manufacturing industries 100.0 oa4 | 316] 74 44 79 32 82 04
‘White-collar occupations 100.0 m7 | 23} 86 28 64 31 70 3
Professional specially 100.0 712 | 288 9.3 26 63 32 7.0 4
Professional specialty 100.0 718 | 282 95 22 6.0 33 69 4
Technical .. 100.0 692} 308] 84 40 76 31 73 4
Executive, administrative, and managerial 100.0 72s | 275] 39 29 53 34 66 4
Administrative suppon, including clerical 100.0 707 | 293] 7.4 29 as 24 77 3
Blue-collar occupations . 100.0 661 | 339] 66 56 89 33 9.0 4
Precision production, craft, and repair 100.0 659 | 341 75 57 a4 34 87 4
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 100.0 656 | 344] 65 58 95 33 89 5
Transportation and material moving 100.0 673 | 327] 56 54 73 29 108 2
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, 100.0 o7 | 313] 53 47 a6 34 94 a
Service occupations .. 100.0 649 | 35.1 64 58 95 32 97 6
All workers, nonmanufacturing industries... 100.0 742 | 28] 62 27 55 29 85 e)
White-collar occupations. . 400.0 m4 | 256} 7.0 27 5.4 28 74 a
Professional specialty a 100.0 748 | 252 79 24 49 3.0 73 4
Professional specialty 100.0 72 | 249] 81 20 a7 29 7 a
Technical .. 100.0 736 | 264 72 25 55 33 78 a4
Executive, administrative, and managerial 100.0 73.1 | 269] 31 39 49 34 68 a
Sales evennn 100.0 77 | 21a} 43 24 43 20 82 (3)
Admit 100.0 723 | a7] 68 27 74 30 77 ]
Blue-collar occupations . 100.0 15 | 26] 46 31 64 39 105 (3)
Precision production, craft, and repair 100.0 71.0 | 290] 50 32 64 45 99 1
Transportation and material moving 100.0 702 | 28} 49 30 7.0 37 142 (@)
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 100.0 78 | 272} 38 3.0 61 32 4 @)
Service occupations 100.0 7e3 | 218] 39 14 45 13 107 (3)
7 Inctudes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



3
percent). Defined benefit plans specify a formula for determining future benefits, while defined contribution
plans specify employer and employee contributions, but do not guarantee future benefits.

Employer retirement and savings costs varied by industry, occupation, bargaining status, region, and
establishment size.

Retirement and savings costs were higher in goods-producing industries (83 cents per hour and 3.5
percent of total compensation) than in service-producing industries (51 cents per hour and 2.7 percent of total
compensation). Defined benefit plan costs represented a greater proportion of employer costs (relative to
defined contribution plans) in goods-producing than in service-producing industries. (See table 5.)

The average cost per hour worked for retirement and savings was 70 cents for white-collar occupations,
69 cents for blue-collar occupations, and 13 cents for service occupations. The proportion of total compensation
represented by retirement and savings benefits was 3.7 percent among blue-collar occupations, 2.9 percent for
white-collar occupations, and 1.3 percent for service occupations. (See table 6.)

Retirement and savings costs were higher, both in average dollar amount per hour and as a proportion of
total compensation, for union workers ($1.49 and 5.8 percent of total compensation) than for nonunion workers
(47 cents and 2.5 percent of total compensation). Defined benefit plan costs represented a greater proportion of

employer costs (relative to defined contribution plans) for union workers than for nonunion workers. (See table
7)

Retirement and savings costs ranged from 51 cents per hour in the South to 67°cents in the Northeast,
‘with costs averaging 61 cents per hour in the Midwest and West. The proportion of total compensation
represented by retirement and savings varied slightly among regions. (See table 7)

Retirement and savings costs increased, both in average dollar amount per hour and as a proportion of
total compensation, with establishment size. Establishments with fewer than 100 employees averaged 40 cents
(2.3 percent), establishments with 100-499 employees ayeraged'56 cents (2.9 percent), and establishments with.
500 or more’ employees averaged $1.08 (4.0 percent). (See table 8.) wae

State and local government

In March 2000, employer costs in State and Jocal governments averaged $29.05 per hour worked.
Wages and salaries, which accounted for 70.8 percent of the total, averaged $20.57, while benefits, which
accounted for the remaining 29.2 percent, averaged $8.48. (See table 3.)

Average hourly compensation costs were higher for white-collar occupations ($32.17) than for blue-
collar ($22.78) and service occupations ($22.05). (See table 4.) Benefits accounted for about the same
proportion of total compensation in blue-collar occupations (33.9 percent) and service occupations (35.2
percent); for white-collar occupations, benefits represented 27.4 percent of total compensation.



2
. In March 2000, average employer compensation costs were $25.88 per hour for union workers and
$19.07 for nonunion workers. Benefits represented_a greater proportion of compensation costs for union
workers (34.8 percent) than for nonunion workers (25.6 percent). These compensation cost differences reflect
variation in the distribution of union and nonunion workers among occupations, industries, and establishments of
different sizes. (See table 13.)

|
|
|

Among the four regions, compensation costs ranged from $17.81 per hour in the South to $22.67 in the
Northeast. The proportion of compensation represented by benefits ranged from 26.0 percent in the West to
27.8 percent in the Northeast. (See table 7.)

Compensation costs increased with establishment size. These costs ranged from an average of $17.16 per
hour in establishments with fewer than 100 workers to $26.93 in establishments with 500 or more workers. The
proportion of compensation costs represented by benefits also increased with establishment size, from 24.5
percent in establishments with fewer than 100 workers to 30.6 percent in establishments with 500 or more
workers. (See table 8.)

Compensation costs for full-time workers in private industry averaged $22.62 per hour compared with
$10.75 for part-time workers. Benefit costs represented a greater proportion of compensation. costs for full-time.
workers than for part-time workers (28.2 percent compared with 19.0 percent)... (See table 9.) Workers are
classified as full time or part time according to the practices of surveyed establishments. Part-time employees are
typically scheduled to work fewer hours than full-time employees in the samé work activity.

Health benefit costs in private industry

. In March 2000, private industry health benefit costs averaged $1.09 per. hour or 5:5 percent of total
compensation. Employer health benefit costs varied by industry, occupation, bargaining status, region; and.
establishment size.

In goods-producing industries, health benefit costs were $1.62:per.hour (6.9 percent of total
compensation) compared with 92 cents (4.9 percent of total compensation) for service-producing industries.
(See table 5.)

Employer costs for health benefits ranged from 42 cents and 4.3 percent of total compensation for service
occupations to $1.28 per hour and 6.8 percent of total compensation for blue-collar occupations. In white-collar
occupations, employer costs for health benefits averaged $1.21 (5.0 percent). (See table 6.)

Employer costs for health benefits were higher for union workers, averaging $2.17 per hour (8.4
percent), than for nonunion workers, averaging 95 cents (5.0 percent). (See table 7.)

Among the four regions, costs for health benefits ranged from 96 cents per hour in the South to $1.27 in
the Northeast. (See.table 7.) Health benefit costs increased; both in average dollar amount and as a proportion
of total compensation, with establishment size. Establishments with fewer than 100 workers averaged 82 cents
(4.8 percent), those with 100-499 employees averaged $1.09 (5.6 percent), and those with 500 or more
employees averaged $1.73 (6.4 percent). (See table 8.)

Retirement and savings benefit costs in private industry

In March 2000, the average cost for retirement and savings benefits was 59 cents per hour in private
industry (3.0 percent of total compensation). Included in this amount were employer costs for defined benefit
plans, which averaged 23 cents (1.2 percent), and for defined contribution plans, which averaged 36 cents (1.8

i
|
|
i


13

Table 8. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by establishment employment size, March 2000

Compensation All workers 1-99 workers | 100 workers or more | 100-499 workers | 500 workers or more
component Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | ‘Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent |
|
|
Total compensati $19.65 | 100.0 | $17.16 | 100.0 | $2281 | 100.0 | $1930 | 100.0 | $2693 | 100.0 i
Wages and salaries 1449 | 730} 1295 | 755} 16.19 71.0 | 1405 | 728} 1870} 694
Total benefits . 536 | 27.0 421 245 | 6.62 29.0 525} 272] 823] 306 H
Paid leave ... 1.28 64 92 54 1.87 73 1.23 64] 218 84
Vacation . 63 32 48 27 82 36 60 34 1.08 49
Holiday 44 22 32 19 57 25 43 22 73 27
Sick .. 15 8 14 6 20 3 15, 8 26 1.0
Other 06 3 03 2 0B 4 08 3 a
Supplemental pay 60 30 AT 27 75 33 59 3. 93 35
Premium? . 24 1.2 7 1.0 32 14 26 1.3 38 14
Shift differentials .. 05 3 (2) (3) 09 4 06 3 13 5
Nonproduction bonuses .... 31 16 29 17 34 15 28 15 42 1.6
Insurance 4.19 60 89 52 1.54 68 1.20 62] 1.93 72
Life 04 2 03 2 08 3 05 3 07 3 i
Health 1.09 55 82 48 1.38 6.0 4.09 5.8 173 64
Short-term disability’ .. 04 2 02 1 06 3 04 2 07 3
Long-term disability 03 2]. 02 1 “04 2 03 2 06 2
Retirement and savings 59 3.0 40") 23 80 35 56 29 1,08 40 i
Defined benefit 23 12 14 8 34 15 21 141 49 18 i
Defined contribution 36 18 26 15 46 20 35 18 59 22 j
Legally required benefits 1.67 a4 1.53 89 1.82 80 165 as { 202 75
Sociat Security® 1.20 6.0 1.07 62 | 1.35 59 4.17 61 1.57 58
OASDI 7 49 86 50 1.09 48 94 49 126 47
Medicare: 24 1.2 2t 1.2 27 12 23 12 31 1.2. ~
Federal unemployment insurance 03 2 03 2 03 4 03 2 03 a _
Stale Unemployment insurance 10 5 10 6 10 4 0 5 10 A .
Workers’ compensation 33 17 33 19 33 14 34 18 32 12
Other benefits® .. 03 2} (2) (3) 05 2 02 a 09 3
* Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule 5 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI
{such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). portion and a Medicare portion. OASD!I is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors,
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01.or less. and Disability Insurance.

9 Less than .05 percent...

4 Short-term disability (previously, sickness and accident insurance) :
includes all insured, selfinstired, and state-mandated plans that provide Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.
benefits for each disability, including unfunded pians.

© Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits,



Table 11. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensatio

16

goods-producing and service-producing workers, by occupational group, March 2000

Private industry

Benefit costs
Total | Wages
Series compen- | and Supple- Retirement} Legally | Gino,
sation | salaries Paid } mental and | required 1
Total | eave | “pay | imsyrance | cvings | benetits | benefits
Cost per hour worked
All workers, goods-producing industries? .. $23.55 | $1625 | $7.30] $1.51| $1.02 | $1.77 | $083 | $2.09 $0.07
‘White-collar occupations 31.53 | 2247 | 906] 257] 1.13 2.04 34 2.28 40
Professional specialty and technica 37.70 | 2692 | 1078] 3.46 95 2.38 1.24 2.64 13
Professional specialty .. 4178 | 30.06 | 11.72] 395 90 2.49 1.35 2.89 15
Technicat 2796 | 1944 | B52] 227] 1.09 2.42 a7 2.05 a
Executive, administrative, and managerial 41413 | 2977 | 14.35| 338; 127 2.26 1.32 2.98 44
Administrative support, including clerical ja93 | i294 | S98] 123] 1.26 1.59 43 143 04
Blue-collar occupations 2065 | 1399] 666} 1.12 98 1.67 80 2.03 08
Precision production, craft, and repair 2590 | 17.73 | 818} 192] 1.05 1.95 1:19 2.60 08
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors west | 1235 | 646] 1214 1.10 1.76 3 1.68 09
Transportation and material moving 961 | 13.34 | 627 98} 1.01 1.46 65 2.45 02
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and lat 1450 | 10.29 | 4.21 ST 57 1.02 44 159 (3)
Service occupations 1655 | 1080} 575] 1.01 95 1.56 52 18t 09
All workers, service-producing industries .. 1872 | 1395 | 477} 1.20 47 1.02 Bt 154 (3)
White-collar occupations 23.14 | 1726 | 588} 1.64 60 1.24 66 wh 02
Professional specialty and technical 31.64 | 2366 | 7.97] 250 87 154 34 231 03
Professional specialty 33.95 | 25.52 | 843] 275 68 1.59 97 2.41 02
Technical 2601 | 19.14 | 686] 1.89 63 141 26 2.04 04
Executive, administrative, and managerial 3655 | 2674] 981] 301) 1.44 175 444 243 04
Sales 1590 | 1251 | 339] 69 39 87 32 1.31 @)
Administrative suppor, including clerical .. we69 | 1214] 455] 1.15 35 1.24 51 1.28 02
Blue-collar occupations 1655 | 11.87 | 4.68 89 52 1.08 56 1.65 (3)
Precision production, craft, and repair 23.01 | 1647 | 655} 154 80 4.38 82 2.00 02
Transportation and material moving 48.00 | 1267 | 5.33 90 49 127 65 2.01 (3)
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 12.28 g.a9-|- 3.40 52 37 80 At 1.29 (3)
Service occupations ....... 9.59 750 | 2.08 a7 13 43 2 1.03 )
Percent of total compensation
All workers, goods-producing industries? 100.0 630 | 310] 64 43 75 35 ag 03
White-collar occupations ... 100.0 713 | 287 | 82 36 65 3.0 72 3
Professional specialty and technical 100.0 714 | 286 9.2 25 63 32 70 3
Professional specialty . 100.0 719 | 284 95 22 60 32 69 4
Technical 100.0 695 | 305} 84 39 76 34 73 4
Executive, administrative, and managerial 100.0 724 | 276 | 82 Bt fb. 85 32 72 3
Administrative suppor, including cterical 100.0 684 | 31.6 65 67}: 84 23 78 2
Biue-collar occupations .. 100.0 677 | 323 54 47 84 39 98 3
Precision production, craft, and repair 100.0 eas | 316] 5.1 44 7S 46 10.0 2
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. 100.0 657 | 343] 64 58 94 33 89 5
Transportation and material moving 100.0 68.0 32.0 5.0 5.2 TA 33 11.0 a
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and fal 100.0 710 | 220] 39 39 70 30 14.0 @)
Service occupations 100.0 653 | 347] 61 57 94 34 97 5
All workers, service-producing industries* .. 100.0 745 | 255 | 64 25 54 27 a2 (8)
White-collar occupations 100.0 wae | 254] 74 26 54 29 74 a
Professional specialty and technical 100.0 748 | 252| 79 24 49 30 73 4
Protessional specialty 100.0 75.2 | 248 84 20 47 29 7A a
Technical 100.0 736 | 264 73 24 54 33 78 2
Executive, administrative, and managerial 100.0 732 | 268] B82 39 48 31 66 a
Sales 7 100.0 787 21.3 43 25 42 20 82 (8)
Administrative suppor, including clerical 100.0 727 | 273} 69 24 74 3.4 7 A
Bive-collar occupations .. 100.0 m7 | 23] 54 34 64 34 10.0 (5)
Precision production, craft, and repair 100.0 716 28.5 67 3.5 6.0 38 B87 a
Transportation and material moving 100.0 7o4 | 296} 50 27 TA 36 112 (3)
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 100.0 7ea | 277 | 42 3.0 65 33 105 (8)
Service occupations 100.0 m2 | 217] 39 1.4 45 43 10.7 (5)

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Includes mining, construction, and manutacturing.
3 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and

retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

i