Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-15-0158 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, February 6, 2015 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — JANUARY 2015 

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 257,000 in January, and the unemployment rate was little 

changed at 5.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in retail 

trade, construction, health care, financial activities, and manufacturing. 

Changes to The Employment Situation Data 

Establishment survey data have been revised as a result of the annual benchmarking process 

and the updating of seasonal adjustment factors. Also, household survey data for January 2015 

reflect updated population estimates. See the notes beginning on page 4 for more information 

about these changes. 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, January 2013 –

January 2015

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Jan-13 Apr-13 Jul-13 Oct-13 Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan-15

Percent Thousands

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

Jan-13 A pr-13 Jul-13 Oct-13 Jan-14 A pr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan-15

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

January 2013 – January 2015
- 2 - 

Household Survey Data 

The unemployment rate, at 5.7 percent, changed little in January and has shown no net change since 

October. The number of unemployed persons, at 9.0 million, was little changed in January. (See table 

A-1. See the note on page 5 and tables B and C for information about annual population adjustments to 

the household survey estimates.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for teenagers (18.8 percent) increased in 

January. The jobless rates for adult men (5.3 percent), adult women (5.1 percent), whites (4.9 percent), 

blacks (10.3 percent), Asians (4.0 percent), and Hispanics (6.7 percent) showed little or no change. (See 

tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

In January, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially 

unchanged at 2.8 million. These individuals accounted for 31.5 percent of the unemployed. Over the 

past 12 months, the number of long-term unemployed is down by 828,000. (See table A-12.) 

After accounting for the annual adjustments to the population controls, the civilian labor force rose by 

703,000 in January. The labor force participation rate rose by 0.2 percentage point to 62.9 percent, 

following a decline of equal magnitude in the prior month. Total employment, as measured by the 

household survey, increased by 435,000 in January, and the employment-population ratio was little 

changed at 59.3 percent. (See table A-1. For additional information about the effects of the population 

adjustments, see table C.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged in January at 6.8 million. These individuals, 

who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been 

cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.) 

In January, 2.2 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 358,000 from a 

year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 682,000 discouraged workers in January, down by 155,000 

from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.6 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in January had not searched for work for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 257,000 in January. Job gains occurred in retail trade, 

construction, health care, financial activities, and manufacturing. After incorporating revisions for 

November and December (which include the impact of the annual benchmark process), monthly job 

gains averaged 336,000 over the past 3 months. (See table B-1 and summary table B. See the note on 

page 4 and table A for information about the annual benchmark process.) 
- 3 - 

Employment in retail trade rose by 46,000 in January. Three industries accounted for half of the jobs 

added—sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores (+9,000); motor vehicle and parts dealers 

(+8,000); and nonstore retailers (+6,000). 

Construction continued to add jobs in January (+39,000). Employment increased in both residential and 

nonresidential building (+13,000 and +7,000, respectively). Employment continued to trend up in 

specialty trade contactors (+13,000). Over the prior 12 months, construction had added an average of 

28,000 jobs per month. 

In January, health care employment increased by 38,000. Job gains occurred in offices of physicians 

(+13,000), hospitals (+10,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+7,000). Health care added an 

average of 26,000 jobs per month in 2014. 

Employment in financial activities rose by 26,000 in January, with insurance carriers and related 

activities (+14,000) and securities, commodity contracts, and investments (+5,000) contributing to the 

gain. Financial activities has added 159,000 jobs over the past 12 months. 

Manufacturing employment increased by 22,000 over the month, including job gains in motor vehicles 

and parts (+7,000) and wood products (+4,000). Over the past 12 months, manufacturing has added 

228,000 jobs. 

Professional and technical services added 33,000 jobs in January, including increases in computer 

systems design (+8,000) and architectural and engineering services (+8,000). 

In January, employment in food services and drinking places continued to trend up (+35,000). In 2014, 

the industry added an average of 33,000 jobs per month. 

Employment in other major industries, including mining and logging, wholesale trade, transportation 

and warehousing, information, and government, showed little change over the month.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.6 hours in 

January. The manufacturing workweek edged up by 0.1 hour to 41.0 hours, and factory overtime edged 

down by 0.1 hour to 3.5 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees

on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 12 

cents to $24.75, following a decrease of 5 cents in December. Over the year, average hourly earnings 

have risen by 2.2 percent. In January, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and 

nonsupervisory employees increased by 7 cents to $20.80. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for November was revised from +353,000 to 

+423,000, and the change for December was revised from +252,000 to +329,000. With these revisions, 

employment gains in November and December were 147,000 higher than previously reported. Monthly 

revisions result from additional reports received from businesses since the last published estimates and 

the monthly recalculation of seasonal factors. The annual benchmark process also contributed to these 

revisions. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on Friday, March 6, 2015, at 

8:30 a.m. (EST). 
- 4 - 

Revisions to Establishment Survey Data 

In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data released today have been 

benchmarked to reflect comprehensive counts of payroll jobs for March 2014. These counts are derived 

principally from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), which enumerates jobs 

covered by the unemployment insurance tax system. The benchmark process results in revisions to not 

seasonally adjusted data from April 2013 forward. Seasonally adjusted data from January 2010 forward 

are subject to revision. In addition, data for some series prior to 2010, both seasonally adjusted and 

unadjusted, incorporate revisions. 

The total nonfarm employment level for March 2014 was revised upward by 91,000 (+67,000 on a not 

seasonally adjusted basis, or less than 0.05 percent). The average benchmark revision over the past 10 

years was plus or minus 0.3 percent. Table A presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a 

seasonally adjusted basis for January through December 2014. 

An article that discusses the benchmark and post-benchmark revisions and other technical issues can be 

accessed through the BLS website at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.pdf. Information on the data 

released today also may be obtained by calling (202) 691-6555. 

Table A. Revisions in total nonfarm employment, January-December 2014, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

As 

previously 

published

As revised Difference

As 

previously 

published

As revised Difference

2014

January......................... 137,539 137,642 103 144 166 22

February........................ 137,761 137,830 69 222 188 -34

March............................ 137,964 138,055 91 203 225 22

April............................ 138,268 138,385 117 304 330 26

May................................. 138,497 138,621 124 229 236 7

June................................ 138,764 138,907 143 267 286 19

July................................ 139,007 139,156 149 243 249 6

August........................... 139,210 139,369 159 203 213 10

September........................ 139,481 139,619 138 271 250 -21

October.......................... 139,742 139,840 98 261 221 -40

November...................... 140,095 140,263 168 353 423 70

December (p)..................... 140,347 140,592 245 252 329 77

p = preliminary.

Year and month

Level Over-the-month change
- 5 - 

Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey 

Effective with data for January 2015, updated population estimates have been used in the household 

survey. Population estimates for the household survey are developed by the U.S. Census Bureau. Each 

year, the Census Bureau updates the estimates to reflect new information and assumptions about the 

growth of the population since the previous decennial census. The change in population reflected in the 

new estimates results from adjustments for net international migration, updated vital statistics and other 

information, and some methodological changes in the estimation process. 

In accordance with usual practice, BLS will not revise the official household survey estimates for 

December 2014 and earlier months. To show the impact of the population adjustments, however, 

differences in selected December 2014 labor force series based on the old and new population estimates 

are shown in table B. 

The adjustments increased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional population in December by 

528,000, the civilian labor force by 348,000, employment by 324,000, and unemployment by 24,000. 

The number of persons not in the labor force was increased by 179,000. The total unemployment rate, 

employment-population ratio, and labor force participation rate were unaffected. 

Data users are cautioned that these annual population adjustments can affect the comparability of 

household data series over time. Table C shows the effect of the introduction of new population 

estimates on the comparison of selected labor force measures between December 2014 and January 

2015. Additional information on the population adjustments and their effect on national labor force 

estimates is available at www.bls.gov/cps/cps15adj.pdf. 

Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2014 estimates by sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category Total Men White Asian

Civilian noninstitutional population ... 528 173 354 139 114 243 243

Civilian labor force .................. 348 131 218 101 81 144 141

Participation rate .................. .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 -.1 .0

Employed ........................... 324 120 204 94 72 138 133

Employment-population ratio ... .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 -.1 .0

Unemployed ........................ 24 10 14 7977

Unemployment rate ............... .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0

Not in labor force ..................... 179 42 137 38 33 99 102

 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or 

African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose 

ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Women

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic 

or Latino 

ethnicity
- 6 - 

 

Table C. December 2014-January 2015 changes in selected labor force measures, 

with adjustments for population control effects

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Civilian noninstitutional population ...... 696 528 168

Civilian labor force ........................ 1,051 348 703

Participation rate ..................... .2 .0 .2

Employed ................................. 759 324 435

Employment-population ratio ...... .1 .0 .1

Unemployed .............................. 291 24 267

Unemployment rate .................. .1 .0 .1

Not in labor force ........................ -354 179 -533

 1 This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the 

over-the-month change in the published seasonally adjusted estimates. 

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

2015 

population 

control effect

Dec.-Jan. 

change, as 

published

Dec.-Jan. 

change, after 

removing the 

population 

control effect 1
- 7 - 

Changes to The Employment Situation News Release 

Effective with this release, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics introduced several changes to 

The Employment Situation news release tables. 

Household survey table A-2 introduced seasonally adjusted series on the labor force 

characteristics of Asians. These series appear in addition to the not seasonally adjusted data for 

Asians displayed in the table. Also, in summary table A, the seasonally adjusted unemployment 

rate for Asians replaced the not seasonally adjusted series that was previously displayed for the 

group. 

Household survey table A-3 introduced seasonally adjusted series on the labor force 

characteristics of Hispanic men age 20 and over, Hispanic women age 20 and over, and 

Hispanic teenagers age 16 to 19. The not seasonally adjusted series for these groups continue to 

be displayed in the table. 

The establishment survey introduced two data series: (1) total nonfarm employment, 3-month 

average change and (2) total private employment, 3-month average change. These new series 

have been added to establishment survey summary table B. Additionally, in the employment 

section of summary table B, the list of industries has been expanded to include utilities (also 

published in table B-1). Also, hours and earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees 

were removed from summary table B, although these series continue to be published in 

establishment survey tables B-7 and B-8. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Change from:

Dec. 2014-

Jan. 2015

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 246,915 248,844 249,027 249,723 –

Civilian labor force........................................................... 155,486 156,402 156,129 157,180 –

Participation rate.......................................................... 63.0 62.9 62.7 62.9 –

Employed................................................................... 145,206 147,331 147,442 148,201 –

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 58.8 59.2 59.2 59.3 –

Unemployed............................................................... 10,280 9,071 8,688 8,979 –

Unemployment rate.................................................... 6.6 5.8 5.6 5.7 –

Not in labor force............................................................ 91,429 92,442 92,898 92,544 –

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 6.6 5.8 5.6 5.7 –

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 6.3 5.4 5.3 5.3 –

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 5.9 5.2 5.0 5.1 –

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 20.8 17.5 16.8 18.8 –

White.......................................................................... 5.7 4.9 4.8 4.9 –

Black or African American.................................................. 12.1 11.0 10.4 10.3 –

Asian.......................................................................... 4.8 4.7 4.2 4.0 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 8.3 6.6 6.5 6.7 –

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 5.3 4.7 4.5 4.6 –

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 9.6 8.5 8.6 8.5 –

High school graduates, no college........................................ 6.5 5.6 5.3 5.4 –

Some college or associate degree........................................ 5.9 4.9 4.9 5.2 –

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.8 –

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 5,354 4,480 4,325 4,242 –

Job leavers...................................................................... 815 835 798 851 –

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,911 2,761 2,701 2,829 –

New entrants.................................................................... 1,181 1,045 971 1,033 –

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,449 2,505 2,375 2,383 –

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,428 2,378 2,293 2,318 –

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,699 1,403 1,274 1,380 –

27 weeks and over............................................................. 3,628 2,822 2,785 2,800 –

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 7,274 6,851 6,790 6,810 –

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 4,419 4,068 4,061 4,012 –

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,592 2,447 2,432 2,460 –

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 19,317 19,971 19,730 19,822 –

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 2,592 2,109 2,260 2,234 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 837 698 740 682 –

- December - January changes in household data are not shown due to the introduction of updated population controls.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 423 329 257

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 414 320 267

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 76 73 58

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 3 -3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 30 44 39

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 45 26 22

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 28 21 18

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6.1 9.3 6.2 6.7

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 17 5 4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 338 247 209

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.5 8.0 11.3 12.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -16.5 61.2 7.2 45.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.7 25.9 33.8 -8.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.8 2.8 1.9 0.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 7 4 6

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 28 9 26

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 96 80 39

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5.2 30.8 25.0 -4.1

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 51 48 46

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 61.9 47.2 49.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 42 47 37

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 16 5 4

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -17 9 9 -10

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 298 324 336

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 289 317 334

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 49.3 49.3 49.3

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 47.9 47.9 47.8

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.6 82.5 82.5 82.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.6 34.6 34.6

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24.22 $24.68 $24.63 $24.75

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $833.17 $853.93 $852.20 $856.35

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.6 102.4 102.7 102.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.1 120.6 120.7 121.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.7

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (263 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 75.3 69.0 62.4

Manufacturing (80 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 76.3 64.4 58.1

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 143,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 588,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 105,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -55,000 to +155,000 

(50,000 +/- 105,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from 

-0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246,915 249,027 249,723 246,915 248,446 248,657 248,844 249,027 249,723

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,381 155,521 156,050 155,486 155,845 156,243 156,402 156,129 157,180

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.5 62.5 63.0 62.7 62.8 62.9 62.7 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,526 147,190 146,552 145,206 146,607 147,260 147,331 147,442 148,201

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 59.1 58.7 58.8 59.0 59.2 59.2 59.2 59.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,855 8,331 9,498 10,280 9,237 8,983 9,071 8,688 8,979

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 5.4 6.1 6.6 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,534 93,506 93,674 91,429 92,601 92,414 92,442 92,898 92,544

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,508 6,212 6,467 6,350 6,385 6,545 6,556 6,445 6,358

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,218 120,301 120,559 119,218 120,004 120,112 120,208 120,301 120,559

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,804 82,800 82,851 82,664 82,983 82,950 82,961 83,210 83,771

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 68.8 68.7 69.3 69.2 69.1 69.0 69.2 69.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,652 78,052 77,477 77,037 78,094 78,286 78,084 78,400 78,869

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5 64.9 64.3 64.6 65.1 65.2 65.0 65.2 65.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,153 4,748 5,374 5,627 4,890 4,664 4,877 4,810 4,903

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 5.7 6.5 6.8 5.9 5.6 5.9 5.8 5.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,414 37,501 37,708 36,554 37,021 37,161 37,247 37,091 36,787

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,746 111,875 112,117 110,746 111,567 111,679 111,778 111,875 112,117

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,310 80,068 80,179 79,899 80,163 80,023 80,029 80,271 80,804

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 71.6 71.5 72.1 71.9 71.7 71.6 71.8 72.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,748 75,801 75,364 74,905 75,889 75,928 75,675 76,026 76,496

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.6 67.8 67.2 67.6 68.0 68.0 67.7 68.0 68.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,562 4,267 4,815 4,994 4,273 4,094 4,354 4,245 4,308

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 5.3 6.0 6.3 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.3 5.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,436 31,807 31,938 30,848 31,404 31,656 31,749 31,603 31,313

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,696 128,726 129,165 127,696 128,442 128,545 128,637 128,726 129,165

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,576 72,721 73,199 72,821 72,862 73,293 73,442 72,919 73,408

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 56.5 56.7 57.0 56.7 57.0 57.1 56.6 56.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,874 69,138 69,075 68,168 68,514 68,974 69,247 69,042 69,332

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.2 53.7 53.5 53.4 53.3 53.7 53.8 53.6 53.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,702 3,584 4,124 4,653 4,348 4,318 4,195 3,878 4,076

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 4.9 5.6 6.4 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.3 5.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,120 56,005 55,966 54,875 55,581 55,253 55,195 55,807 55,756

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,497 120,557 120,970 119,497 120,265 120,370 120,465 120,557 120,970

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,003 70,058 70,554 70,045 70,037 70,354 70,599 70,111 70,558

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 58.1 58.3 58.6 58.2 58.4 58.6 58.2 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,775 66,797 66,894 65,913 66,192 66,560 66,894 66,632 66,983

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 55.4 55.3 55.2 55.0 55.3 55.5 55.3 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,228 3,262 3,660 4,131 3,845 3,794 3,705 3,479 3,575

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 4.7 5.2 5.9 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.0 5.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,495 50,499 50,416 49,453 50,228 50,016 49,866 50,446 50,412

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,671 16,595 16,636 16,671 16,615 16,608 16,602 16,595 16,636

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,068 5,395 5,317 5,542 5,645 5,866 5,775 5,747 5,817

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.4 32.5 32.0 33.2 34.0 35.3 34.8 34.6 35.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,003 4,592 4,294 4,388 4,527 4,772 4,762 4,784 4,722

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.0 27.7 25.8 26.3 27.2 28.7 28.7 28.8 28.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,065 803 1,023 1,155 1,119 1,094 1,013 963 1,096

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.0 14.9 19.2 20.8 19.8 18.7 17.5 16.8 18.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,603 11,201 11,320 11,129 10,970 10,742 10,827 10,849 10,819

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194,944 196,091 196,307 194,944 195,777 195,896 195,995 196,091 196,307

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,492 122,650 123,199 123,461 122,996 123,287 123,391 123,058 124,119

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 62.5 62.8 63.3 62.8 62.9 63.0 62.8 63.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,915 117,068 116,637 116,409 116,760 117,300 117,307 117,186 118,035

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.9 59.7 59.4 59.7 59.6 59.9 59.9 59.8 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,576 5,582 6,562 7,052 6,236 5,987 6,084 5,872 6,084

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 4.6 5.3 5.7 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,452 73,441 73,109 71,482 72,781 72,609 72,604 73,033 72,189

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,040 64,262 64,377 64,510 64,290 64,234 64,339 64,392 64,871

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 71.8 71.9 72.6 72.0 71.8 71.9 71.9 72.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,082 61,410 61,016 61,046 61,447 61,507 61,388 61,551 61,953

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.6 68.6 68.1 68.7 68.8 68.8 68.6 68.8 69.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,959 2,852 3,361 3,464 2,843 2,727 2,951 2,842 2,918

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 4.4 5.2 5.4 4.4 4.2 4.6 4.4 4.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,393 54,207 54,635 54,511 54,237 54,452 54,587 54,223 54,683

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 57.5 57.9 58.2 57.7 57.9 58.0 57.5 57.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,497 51,992 52,140 51,702 51,677 51,945 52,142 51,824 52,267

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 55.2 55.2 55.2 54.9 55.2 55.4 55.0 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,896 2,216 2,495 2,809 2,561 2,507 2,445 2,399 2,416

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.1 4.6 5.2 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,058 4,181 4,186 4,440 4,468 4,601 4,466 4,443 4,565

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 33.9 33.9 35.8 36.1 37.2 36.2 36.0 37.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,337 3,666 3,481 3,661 3,636 3,848 3,777 3,811 3,814

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 29.7 28.2 29.5 29.4 31.1 30.6 30.9 30.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722 515 706 780 832 753 689 632 751

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.8 12.3 16.9 17.6 18.6 16.4 15.4 14.2 16.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,651 31,040 31,188 30,651 30,932 30,969 31,005 31,040 31,188

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,483 18,933 18,895 18,597 19,067 19,024 19,056 19,037 19,040

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 61.0 60.6 60.7 61.6 61.4 61.5 61.3 61.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,161 17,009 16,877 16,349 16,974 16,953 16,957 17,050 17,071

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.7 54.8 54.1 53.3 54.9 54.7 54.7 54.9 54.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,322 1,924 2,018 2,248 2,093 2,071 2,099 1,986 1,969

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 10.2 10.7 12.1 11.0 10.9 11.0 10.4 10.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,168 12,107 12,293 12,054 11,865 11,945 11,949 12,003 12,148

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,378 8,698 8,633 8,400 8,756 8,672 8,594 8,717 8,676

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 67.6 66.8 66.4 68.4 67.6 66.9 67.8 67.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,287 7,741 7,652 7,390 7,791 7,742 7,630 7,756 7,757

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.6 60.2 59.2 58.4 60.9 60.4 59.4 60.3 60.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,091 957 981 1,010 965 930 964 962 919

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 11.0 11.4 12.0 11.0 10.7 11.2 11.0 10.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,505 9,561 9,638 9,534 9,591 9,624 9,709 9,598 9,667

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 60.9 61.2 61.6 61.4 61.5 61.9 61.2 61.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,508 8,800 8,792 8,546 8,682 8,720 8,786 8,812 8,824

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 56.1 55.8 55.2 55.5 55.7 56.1 56.2 56.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997 761 847 989 909 904 922 785 843

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 8.0 8.8 10.4 9.5 9.4 9.5 8.2 8.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 674 624 663 720 728 754 722 697

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.7 27.1 24.9 26.2 28.8 29.2 30.2 29.0 27.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 468 433 414 501 491 541 482 490

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 18.8 17.3 16.4 20.1 19.7 21.7 19.4 19.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 206 191 249 219 237 213 240 207

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.0 30.6 30.6 37.6 30.4 32.5 28.2 33.2 29.7

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,636 13,886 14,253 13,636 13,788 13,782 13,927 13,886 14,253

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,693 8,796 8,895 8,703 8,759 8,782 8,768 8,771 8,899

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 63.3 62.4 63.8 63.5 63.7 63.0 63.2 62.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,271 8,424 8,530 8,290 8,365 8,340 8,353 8,398 8,540

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 60.7 59.8 60.8 60.7 60.5 60.0 60.5 59.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 372 365 414 394 443 415 373 359

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.2 4.1 4.8 4.5 5.0 4.7 4.2 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,943 5,090 5,359 4,933 5,029 5,000 5,159 5,115 5,355

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 37,976 38,839 39,165 37,976 38,596 38,679 38,760 38,839 39,165

Civilian labor force................................ 24,919 25,630 25,956 25,050 25,491 25,665 25,655 25,644 26,047

Participation rate............................... 65.6 66.0 66.3 66.0 66.0 66.4 66.2 66.0 66.5

Employed....................................... 22,647 23,995 23,998 22,980 23,718 23,931 23,963 23,988 24,305

Employment-population ratio............... 59.6 61.8 61.3 60.5 61.5 61.9 61.8 61.8 62.1

Unemployed.................................... 2,271 1,635 1,958 2,070 1,772 1,734 1,692 1,656 1,742

Unemployment rate......................... 9.1 6.4 7.5 8.3 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.5 6.7

Not in labor force................................. 13,058 13,209 13,208 12,927 13,106 13,013 13,105 13,196 13,118

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 13,811 14,299 14,426 13,884 14,154 14,218 14,258 14,264 14,479

Participation rate............................... 80.5 81.3 81.8 80.9 81.0 81.2 81.3 81.1 82.1

Employed....................................... 12,678 13,490 13,413 12,917 13,387 13,458 13,432 13,507 13,647

Employment-population ratio............... 73.9 76.7 76.0 75.3 76.6 76.9 76.5 76.8 77.3

Unemployed.................................... 1,133 810 1,013 967 766 760 826 757 832

Unemployment rate......................... 8.2 5.7 7.0 7.0 5.4 5.3 5.8 5.3 5.7

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,108 10,167 10,364 10,103 10,277 10,259 10,253 10,168 10,344

Participation rate............................... 58.9 57.9 58.1 58.8 58.9 58.6 58.5 57.9 58.0

Employed....................................... 9,216 9,535 9,677 9,266 9,532 9,522 9,590 9,501 9,704

Employment-population ratio............... 53.7 54.3 54.3 54.0 54.6 54.4 54.7 54.1 54.4

Unemployed.................................... 892 631 687 838 745 737 663 667 640

Unemployment rate......................... 8.8 6.2 6.6 8.3 7.3 7.2 6.5 6.6 6.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,000 1,164 1,165 1,063 1,059 1,187 1,144 1,211 1,224

Participation rate............................... 27.4 31.6 31.6 29.2 28.9 32.3 31.1 32.9 33.2

Employed....................................... 753 970 908 798 799 950 942 980 954

Employment-population ratio............... 20.7 26.4 24.6 21.9 21.8 25.9 25.6 26.6 25.9

Unemployed.................................... 246 194 257 265 261 237 202 231 270

Unemployment rate......................... 24.6 16.6 22.1 24.9 24.6 20.0 17.7 19.1 22.1

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,821 11,003 11,353 10,930 10,691 10,831 11,153 11,031 11,439

Participation rate.................................. 43.8 45.3 45.7 44.2 44.5 45.3 45.7 45.4 46.0

Employed.......................................... 9,618 10,007 10,226 9,885 9,806 9,975 10,201 10,079 10,468

Employment-population ratio................. 38.9 41.2 41.1 40.0 40.8 41.7 41.8 41.5 42.1

Unemployed....................................... 1,203 996 1,126 1,045 884 856 952 952 971

Unemployment rate............................ 11.1 9.1 9.9 9.6 8.3 7.9 8.5 8.6 8.5

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,973 35,281 35,238 36,090 35,937 36,183 35,478 35,164 35,418

Participation rate.................................. 58.2 57.7 57.6 58.4 57.9 58.0 57.8 57.5 57.9

Employed.......................................... 33,359 33,406 33,083 33,747 34,016 34,127 33,476 33,310 33,492

Employment-population ratio................. 54.0 54.6 54.1 54.6 54.8 54.7 54.5 54.5 54.8

Unemployed....................................... 2,614 1,875 2,155 2,343 1,920 2,056 2,002 1,854 1,926

Unemployment rate............................ 7.3 5.3 6.1 6.5 5.3 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.4

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,759 36,845 37,208 37,098 37,421 37,304 37,246 37,140 37,479

Participation rate.................................. 66.9 66.3 66.7 67.5 66.6 66.5 66.7 66.9 67.2

Employed.......................................... 34,448 35,079 35,118 34,891 35,389 35,460 35,422 35,310 35,540

Employment-population ratio................. 62.7 63.2 63.0 63.5 63.0 63.2 63.5 63.6 63.8

Unemployed....................................... 2,310 1,766 2,090 2,207 2,032 1,843 1,824 1,831 1,939

Unemployment rate............................ 6.3 4.8 5.6 5.9 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 50,404 51,727 51,695 50,299 50,449 50,471 51,222 51,772 51,550

Participation rate.................................. 75.6 74.5 74.7 75.5 74.7 74.6 74.7 74.6 74.4

Employed.......................................... 48,729 50,350 50,212 48,657 48,983 48,937 49,608 50,290 50,084

Employment-population ratio................. 73.1 72.5 72.5 73.0 72.6 72.4 72.3 72.5 72.3

Unemployed....................................... 1,676 1,377 1,483 1,642 1,465 1,534 1,614 1,482 1,466

Unemployment rate............................ 3.3 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.8

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Jan.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Jan.

2015

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,323 21,352 19,082 19,363 2,241 1,989

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,757 10,802 9,322 9,509 1,435 1,294

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.4 50.6 48.9 49.1 64.0 65.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,158 10,232 8,789 9,019 1,369 1,213

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.6 47.9 46.1 46.6 61.1 61.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 570 533 489 66 80

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.3 5.7 5.1 4.6 6.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,566 10,550 9,760 9,854 806 695

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,985 3,465 2,392 2,850 593 615

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,392 2,754 1,952 2,310 440 445

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.1 79.5 81.6 81.0 74.2 72.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,203 2,536 1,792 2,118 411 417

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.8 73.2 74.9 74.3 69.2 67.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 219 160 191 29 27

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 7.9 8.2 8.3 6.7 6.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594 711 440 540 153 171

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,404 3,471 2,716 2,938 688 533

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,830 2,853 2,344 2,443 486 410

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.2 82.2 86.3 83.1 70.7 77.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,675 2,741 2,205 2,358 470 382

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.6 79.0 81.2 80.3 68.4 71.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 112 139 85 16 27

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 3.9 5.9 3.5 3.3 6.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 618 372 495 202 123

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,591 9,091 9,231 8,768 360 323

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,746 2,463 2,662 2,372 84 91

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.6 27.1 28.8 27.0 23.3 28.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,626 2,338 2,546 2,254 80 84

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.4 25.7 27.6 25.7 22.2 26.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 125 116 118 4 7

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 5.1 4.3 5.0 5.1 7.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,845 6,628 6,569 6,396 276 232

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,343 5,325 4,743 4,807 600 518

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,789 2,732 2,364 2,385 425 348

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 51.3 49.8 49.6 70.8 67.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,654 2,618 2,246 2,289 409 329

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.7 49.2 47.4 47.6 68.1 63.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 114 118 96 16 18

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.2 5.0 4.0 3.8 5.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,554 2,593 2,379 2,422 175 170

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216,676 219,511 95,646 96,751 121,030 122,761

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,835 143,425 71,642 72,474 70,193 70,951

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 65.3 74.9 74.9 58.0 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,956 134,845 66,214 67,765 65,742 67,080

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 61.4 69.2 70.0 54.3 54.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,879 8,580 5,427 4,709 4,451 3,871

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 6.0 7.6 6.5 6.3 5.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,841 76,086 24,004 24,277 50,837 51,810

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Jan.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Jan.

2015

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 28,532 29,213 218,382 220,510

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,190 5,722 149,190 150,327

Participation rate..................................................................... 18.2 19.6 68.3 68.2

Employed............................................................................. 4,502 5,041 139,024 141,511

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 15.8 17.3 63.7 64.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 688 681 10,166 8,816

Unemployment rate............................................................... 13.3 11.9 6.8 5.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,342 23,491 69,192 70,183

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,243 2,545 74,998 75,687

Participation rate..................................................................... 30.0 33.6 81.4 81.7

Employed............................................................................. 1,903 2,220 69,407 70,856

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 25.5 29.4 75.3 76.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 340 324 5,591 4,832

Unemployment rate............................................................... 15.2 12.7 7.5 6.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,223 5,019 17,136 16,962

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,060 2,211 66,804 66,997

Participation rate..................................................................... 26.7 28.0 70.1 69.9

Employed............................................................................. 1,761 1,904 62,580 63,337

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 22.8 24.2 65.7 66.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 299 306 4,224 3,660

Unemployment rate............................................................... 14.5 13.9 6.3 5.5

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,670 5,673 28,515 28,851

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 887 967 7,388 7,643

Participation rate..................................................................... 6.6 7.0 23.9 23.9

Employed............................................................................. 838 916 7,036 7,318

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.3 6.7 22.8 22.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 49 51 352 324

Unemployment rate............................................................... 5.5 5.3 4.8 4.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 12,449 12,800 23,541 24,370

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Jan.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Jan.

2015

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 38,165 39,967 18,466 19,524 19,699 20,443

Civilian labor force.................................................. 25,139 26,073 14,409 15,228 10,730 10,845

Participation rate.................................................. 65.9 65.2 78.0 78.0 54.5 53.1

Employed.......................................................... 23,467 24,553 13,478 14,351 9,989 10,202

Employment-population ratio................................. 61.5 61.4 73.0 73.5 50.7 49.9

Unemployed....................................................... 1,673 1,520 931 877 741 643

Unemployment rate............................................ 6.7 5.8 6.5 5.8 6.9 5.9

Not in labor force.................................................... 13,026 13,894 4,057 4,296 8,969 9,598

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 208,749 209,756 100,752 101,035 107,997 108,722

Civilian labor force.................................................. 129,241 129,977 67,395 67,623 61,846 62,354

Participation rate.................................................. 61.9 62.0 66.9 66.9 57.3 57.4

Employed.......................................................... 120,059 121,999 62,174 63,126 57,885 58,873

Employment-population ratio................................. 57.5 58.2 61.7 62.5 53.6 54.2

Unemployed....................................................... 9,182 7,978 5,222 4,497 3,961 3,480

Unemployment rate............................................ 7.1 6.1 7.7 6.7 6.4 5.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 79,508 79,780 33,356 33,412 46,151 46,368

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 1,999 2,220 2,234 2,171 2,377 2,402 2,392 2,358 2,419

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,252 1,426 1,410 1,394 1,549 1,581 1,621 1,506 1,566

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 720 764 802 755 783 784 749 815 835

Unpaid family workers........................... 27 30 22 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 141,527 144,970 144,317 143,010 144,254 144,982 144,939 145,101 145,743

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 133,132 136,371 135,748 134,376 135,452 136,016 136,093 136,415 136,949

Government..................................... 20,564 20,098 20,555 20,387 19,751 19,885 19,956 19,956 20,330

Private industries............................... 112,568 116,272 115,193 114,022 115,738 116,059 116,144 116,469 116,664

Private households.......................... 806 771 937 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 111,762 115,501 114,257 113,191 114,968 115,281 115,361 115,676 115,724

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,321 8,540 8,512 8,555 8,669 8,908 8,794 8,660 8,725

Unpaid family workers........................... 73 59 57 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 7,771 6,970 7,269 7,274 7,058 7,012 6,851 6,790 6,810

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,924 4,176 4,450 4,419 4,165 4,215 4,068 4,061 4,012

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,483 2,377 2,353 2,592 2,528 2,437 2,447 2,432 2,460

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,473 20,089 20,033 19,317 19,579 19,793 19,971 19,730 19,822

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 7,617 6,855 7,125 7,143 6,941 6,911 6,731 6,699 6,690

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,834 4,100 4,372 4,349 4,088 4,149 3,997 3,983 3,951

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,468 2,372 2,338 2,562 2,518 2,407 2,412 2,411 2,432

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,118 19,732 19,681 18,911 19,235 19,443 19,594 19,416 19,446

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,526 147,190 146,552 145,206 146,607 147,260 147,331 147,442 148,201

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,003 4,592 4,294 4,388 4,527 4,772 4,762 4,784 4,722

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,412 1,609 1,474 1,586 1,522 1,626 1,663 1,678 1,651

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,591 2,983 2,819 2,799 2,992 3,141 3,065 3,090 3,058

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,523 142,598 142,258 140,818 142,081 142,488 142,569 142,658 143,480

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,369 13,755 13,618 13,779 13,817 14,088 13,939 13,847 14,011

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,154 128,843 128,640 127,007 128,278 128,522 128,673 128,860 129,435

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,512 95,985 95,834 95,204 95,653 95,772 95,856 95,975 96,464

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,485 32,452 32,309 31,757 32,089 32,228 32,271 32,354 32,574

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,866 30,987 31,005 31,050 31,025 30,994 31,018 31,021 31,157

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,161 32,546 32,520 32,397 32,539 32,550 32,567 32,600 32,734

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,642 32,858 32,806 31,803 32,625 32,750 32,817 32,885 32,971

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,652 78,052 77,477 77,037 78,094 78,286 78,084 78,400 78,869

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,903 2,251 2,113 2,133 2,204 2,358 2,409 2,374 2,372

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649 801 692 748 744 785 847 828 802

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,254 1,450 1,420 1,384 1,451 1,584 1,552 1,531 1,560

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,748 75,801 75,364 74,905 75,889 75,928 75,675 76,026 76,496

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,781 7,083 6,915 7,062 7,195 7,337 7,114 7,167 7,198

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,967 68,718 68,449 67,782 68,685 68,673 68,593 68,890 69,248

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,284 51,326 51,186 50,930 51,384 51,327 51,282 51,448 51,809

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,861 17,532 17,458 17,121 17,366 17,367 17,336 17,534 17,722

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,587 16,702 16,641 16,764 16,805 16,802 16,784 16,748 16,807

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,837 17,092 17,087 17,045 17,214 17,159 17,162 17,166 17,281

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,683 17,392 17,263 16,852 17,300 17,346 17,311 17,441 17,439

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,874 69,138 69,075 68,168 68,514 68,974 69,247 69,042 69,332

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,099 2,341 2,181 2,255 2,322 2,414 2,353 2,410 2,349

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763 808 782 837 778 841 816 850 849

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,336 1,533 1,399 1,414 1,541 1,557 1,513 1,559 1,499

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,775 66,797 66,894 65,913 66,192 66,560 66,894 66,632 66,983

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,588 6,672 6,703 6,717 6,622 6,751 6,825 6,680 6,813

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,187 60,125 60,191 59,225 59,594 59,849 60,080 59,970 60,187

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,228 44,658 44,648 44,273 44,268 44,445 44,574 44,527 44,655

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,625 14,919 14,852 14,636 14,723 14,861 14,935 14,820 14,852

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,279 14,285 14,364 14,286 14,220 14,192 14,234 14,273 14,350

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,324 15,454 15,432 15,352 15,325 15,391 15,406 15,434 15,453

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,959 15,467 15,543 14,952 15,325 15,404 15,506 15,443 15,532

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,812 44,610 44,555 44,198 44,322 44,380 44,267 44,588 44,934

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,628 34,921 34,929 34,555 34,799 34,833 34,799 34,645 34,843

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,340 9,330 9,300 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,774 119,394 118,840 117,650 119,310 119,681 119,507 119,934 120,711

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,752 27,796 27,712 27,559 27,347 27,690 27,775 27,506 27,546

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,685 7,308 7,289 6,892 7,171 7,674 7,403 7,285 7,485

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.9 5.2 5.0 4.9 5.1

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,452 5,666 5,483 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,042 9,304 9,315 9,311 9,452 9,692 9,543 9,475 9,560

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Jan.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 10,280 8,688 8,979 6.6 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 1,155 963 1,096 20.8 19.8 18.7 17.5 16.8 18.8

16 to 17 years.................................. 447 389 411 22.0 20.5 22.3 17.8 18.8 19.9

18 to 19 years.................................. 698 561 678 20.0 19.9 16.8 17.6 15.4 18.2

20 years and over................................ 9,125 7,725 7,883 6.1 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.1 5.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,866 1,673 1,517 11.9 11.5 10.5 10.9 10.8 9.8

25 years and over.............................. 7,176 6,068 6,273 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.6

25 to 54 years............................... 5,647 4,761 4,870 5.6 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.8

25 to 34 years............................. 2,300 2,015 2,029 6.8 6.2 6.2 6.1 5.9 5.9

35 to 44 years............................. 1,640 1,389 1,436 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.4

45 to 54 years............................. 1,708 1,356 1,405 5.0 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.1

55 years and over........................... 1,514 1,352 1,417 4.5 3.9 4.1 4.5 3.9 4.1

Men, 16 years and over............................ 5,627 4,810 4,903 6.8 5.9 5.6 5.9 5.8 5.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 633 565 595 22.9 21.8 19.5 17.8 19.2 20.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 227 207 211 23.2 21.3 25.5 20.1 20.0 20.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 393 341 374 22.1 22.6 16.7 16.6 18.2 19.4

20 years and over................................ 4,994 4,245 4,308 6.3 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.3 5.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,045 940 933 12.9 12.6 10.4 11.8 11.6 11.5

25 years and over.............................. 3,878 3,312 3,325 5.4 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.6

25 to 54 years............................... 3,063 2,545 2,571 5.7 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7

25 to 34 years............................. 1,272 1,067 1,092 6.9 5.8 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.8

35 to 44 years............................. 876 753 780 5.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

45 to 54 years............................. 914 725 699 5.1 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.1 3.9

55 years and over........................... 815 768 754 4.6 4.0 4.3 4.7 4.2 4.1

Women, 16 years and over........................ 4,653 3,878 4,076 6.4 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.3 5.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 522 398 501 18.8 17.8 17.8 17.2 14.2 17.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 221 182 200 20.9 19.8 19.0 15.2 17.6 19.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 305 221 304 17.8 17.2 17.0 18.6 12.4 16.9

20 years and over................................ 4,131 3,479 3,575 5.9 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.0 5.1

20 to 24 years.................................. 821 732 584 10.9 10.2 10.7 10.0 9.9 7.9

25 years and over.............................. 3,298 2,756 2,949 5.3 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.4 4.7

25 to 54 years............................... 2,584 2,216 2,299 5.5 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.9

25 to 34 years............................. 1,027 949 937 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.1 6.0 5.9

35 to 44 years............................. 764 636 655 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.4

45 to 54 years............................. 794 631 706 4.9 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.9 4.4

55 years and over........................... 722 598 670 4.6 3.9 3.7 4.2 3.7 4.1

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present...................... 1,725 1,388 1,356 3.8 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.0 2.9

Married women, spouse present.................. 1,407 1,129 1,206 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.3

Women who maintain families1

.................... 934 791 824 9.1 8.3 8.7 8.2 7.8 8.1

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2................................... 8,752 7,249 7,525 6.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.9

Part-time workers3.................................. 1,490 1,438 1,433 5.1 5.7 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.9

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 6,152 4,355 4,912 5,354 4,521 4,349 4,480 4,325 4,242

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,493 1,034 1,328 996 924 847 1,070 959 902

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 4,660 3,320 3,584 4,359 3,597 3,501 3,410 3,366 3,339

Permanent job losers.......................... 3,460 2,340 2,491 3,298 2,653 2,505 2,446 2,388 2,371

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 1,199 980 1,093 1,061 944 997 964 977 968

Job leavers........................................... 825 741 868 815 816 782 835 798 851

Reentrants............................................ 2,869 2,422 2,832 2,911 2,805 2,856 2,761 2,701 2,829

New entrants......................................... 1,008 814 885 1,181 1,094 1,058 1,045 971 1,033

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 56.7 52.3 51.7 52.2 49.0 48.1 49.1 49.2 47.4

On temporary layoff.............................. 13.8 12.4 14.0 9.7 10.0 9.4 11.7 10.9 10.1

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 42.9 39.9 37.7 42.5 39.0 38.7 37.4 38.3 37.3

Job leavers........................................... 7.6 8.9 9.1 7.9 8.8 8.6 9.2 9.1 9.5

Reentrants............................................ 26.4 29.1 29.8 28.4 30.4 31.6 30.3 30.7 31.6

New entrants......................................... 9.3 9.8 9.3 11.5 11.8 11.7 11.5 11.0 11.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 4.0 2.8 3.1 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8

New entrants......................................... 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,876 2,261 2,780 2,449 2,372 2,455 2,505 2,375 2,383

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,587 2,149 2,468 2,428 2,495 2,322 2,378 2,293 2,318

15 weeks and over.................................. 5,392 3,922 4,250 5,327 4,373 4,321 4,225 4,059 4,180

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,702 1,229 1,396 1,699 1,423 1,416 1,403 1,274 1,380

27 weeks and over............................... 3,690 2,693 2,853 3,628 2,951 2,904 2,822 2,785 2,800

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 33.3 32.4 30.3 35.3 31.8 32.9 33.0 32.8 32.3

Median duration, in weeks......................... 14.3 13.0 12.3 15.9 13.3 13.5 12.8 12.6 13.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 26.5 27.1 29.3 24.0 25.7 27.0 27.5 27.2 26.8

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 23.8 25.8 26.0 23.8 27.0 25.5 26.1 26.3 26.1

15 weeks and over.................................. 49.7 47.1 44.7 52.2 47.3 47.5 46.4 46.5 47.1

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 15.7 14.8 14.7 16.6 15.4 15.6 15.4 14.6 15.5

27 weeks and over............................... 34.0 32.3 30.0 35.6 31.9 31.9 31.0 31.9 31.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Jan.

2015

Total, 16 years and over1............................................. 143,526 146,552 10,855 9,498 7.0 6.1

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 55,096 57,367 1,784 1,741 3.1 2.9

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 22,498 23,447 796 721 3.4 3.0

Professional and related occupations.......................... 32,598 33,920 988 1,020 2.9 2.9

Service occupations................................................ 25,286 25,342 2,338 2,082 8.5 7.6

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,232 33,114 2,544 1,941 7.1 5.5

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,483 15,394 1,253 950 7.5 5.8

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,750 17,721 1,291 991 6.8 5.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 12,921 13,007 1,470 1,433 10.2 9.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 888 983 146 212 14.2 17.7

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,094 7,190 1,059 901 13.0 11.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,939 4,834 265 320 5.1 6.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 16,991 17,722 1,672 1,379 9.0 7.2

Production occupations.......................................... 8,365 8,573 709 642 7.8 7.0

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 8,627 9,149 963 737 10.0 7.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Jan.

2015

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 10,855 9,498 7.0 6.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 8,437 7,334 7.0 6.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 72 64 6.5 6.0

Construction.......................................................................... 1,045 811 12.3 9.8

Manufacturing........................................................................ 867 811 5.6 5.2

Durable goods..................................................................... 503 480 5.1 4.9

Nondurable goods................................................................ 364 331 6.4 5.8

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,579 1,289 7.8 6.2

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 411 330 6.8 5.2

Information............................................................................ 196 128 6.6 4.4

Financial activities................................................................... 360 279 3.8 3.0

Professional and business services............................................... 1,308 1,069 8.4 6.8

Education and health services..................................................... 906 898 4.1 4.0

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,231 1,260 9.5 9.4

Other services........................................................................ 461 394 7.4 6.1

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 179 206 13.0 13.3

Government workers................................................................... 725 604 3.4 2.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 505 467 5.2 4.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Jan.

2015

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 3.5 2.5 2.7 3.4 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.7

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 4.0 2.8 3.1 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 7.0 5.4 6.1 6.6 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 7.5 5.8 6.5 7.1 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.1

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 8.6 6.7 7.4 8.1 7.3 7.1 7.1 6.9 7.0

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 13.5 11.1 12.0 12.7 11.7 11.5 11.4 11.2 11.3

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Jan.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Jan.

2015

Jan.

2014

Jan.

2015

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 92,534 93,674 37,414 37,708 55,120 55,966

Persons who currently want a job................................ 6,508 6,467 3,146 3,030 3,363 3,437

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,592 2,234 1,317 1,215 1,275 1,019

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 837 682 466 463 370 219

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,755 1,552 851 751 904 800

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 6,685 7,289 3,210 3,556 3,475 3,734

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.7 5.0 4.2 4.6 5.1 5.4

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,412 3,927 1,822 2,185 1,590 1,742

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,892 1,929 670 609 1,222 1,321

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 236 172 155 87 81 85

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,092 1,222 539 658 553 564

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Change

from:

Dec.2014 -

Jan.2015p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,516 141,478 141,483 138,728 137,642 140,263 140,592 140,849 257

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,837 119,097 119,217 116,976 115,831 118,371 118,691 118,958 267

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,456 19,545 19,394 19,030 18,984 19,425 19,498 19,556 58

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860 916 913 895 876 912 915 912 -3

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.5 55.0 53.6 53.0 52.0 53.4 53.0 53.3 0.3

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.1 861.4 859.1 842.3 823.9 858.9 862.2 858.7 -3.5

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.8 201.0 202.0 198.9 194.0 201.0 201.4 199.5 -1.9

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198.7 208.0 203.8 197.6 208.6 206.8 207.4 207.2 -0.2

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.6 72.7 72.0 70.7 76.1 72.7 72.0 71.3 -0.7

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415.6 452.4 453.3 445.8 421.3 451.1 453.4 452.0 -1.4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,609 6,339 6,177 5,916 6,006 6,231 6,275 6,314 39

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,272.3 1,398.4 1,381.9 1,350.8 1,328.8 1,377.0 1,389.4 1,408.9 19.5

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607.0 688.7 674.7 659.9 636.4 677.3 679.3 691.8 12.5

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665.3 709.7 707.2 690.9 692.4 699.7 710.1 717.1 7.0

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 786.7 954.2 898.3 833.4 894.3 925.2 934.4 940.3 5.9

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,549.8 3,986.8 3,896.6 3,731.3 3,782.6 3,928.4 3,951.2 3,964.5 13.3

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,513.2 1,729.9 1,685.4 1,613.2 1,618.2 1,705.6 1,717.6 1,725.2 7.6

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,036.6 2,256.9 2,211.2 2,118.1 2,164.4 2,222.8 2,233.6 2,239.3 5.7

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,987 12,290 12,304 12,219 12,102 12,282 12,308 12,330 22

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,538 7,769 7,788 7,748 7,597 7,768 7,789 7,807 18

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357.5 377.9 374.6 373.8 364.7 377.6 377.9 382.0 4.1

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.7 397.0 392.7 380.9 377.8 393.2 396.1 394.7 -1.4

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.9 405.2 408.2 407.5 395.7 405.8 407.9 407.9 0.0

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,433.9 1,469.0 1,475.5 1,463.6 1,445.2 1,467.0 1,473.7 1,473.0 -0.7

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,108.0 1,139.6 1,143.0 1,142.5 1,111.8 1,143.6 1,144.2 1,147.4 3.2

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,048.3 1,053.7 1,055.3 1,053.9 1,052.3 1,053.9 1,054.7 1,057.0 2.3

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 157.6 167.1 167.9 167.7 158.1 166.8 167.5 167.7 0.2

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.3 92.3 91.7 90.4 96.1 92.2 91.4 90.4 -1.0

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369.5 368.1 369.2 369.8 371.2 368.4 369.4 371.5 2.1

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387.8 387.9 388.1 388.1 389.5 388.4 388.3 389.3 1.0

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 375.6 373.0 372.7 372.4 375.8 372.7 371.9 372.7 0.8

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,517.8 1,587.6 1,597.7 1,592.7 1,526.9 1,589.3 1,595.9 1,603.2 7.3

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840.3 900.5 908.8 907.4 846.3 900.3 906.5 913.2 6.7

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361.3 380.1 382.1 378.4 366.6 381.2 382.7 383.8 1.1

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577.2 586.2 585.8 582.1 580.2 583.4 584.0 585.1 1.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,449 4,521 4,516 4,471 4,505 4,514 4,519 4,523 4

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,460.7 1,484.7 1,483.3 1,461.8 1,492.3 1,480.7 1,483.9 1,489.9 6.0

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.7 118.5 118.1 117.5 117.9 118.3 118.4 119.4 1.0

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.7 116.6 116.9 112.8 113.1 115.2 115.8 114.4 -1.4

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.2 138.8 138.5 141.1 143.3 139.1 138.4 140.6 2.2

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374.8 367.8 368.2 365.6 375.8 368.1 367.7 366.5 -1.2

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 450.7 452.0 452.3 446.1 453.0 450.4 450.2 448.0 -2.2

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.4 110.5 109.6 108.4 111.0 110.4 111.9 112.4 0.5

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794.6 808.8 811.6 806.1 796.3 808.5 811.4 808.0 -3.4

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664.8 683.7 681.6 678.5 669.8 683.7 682.5 683.2 0.7

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226.1 240.0 235.9 233.5 232.9 239.1 239.2 240.4 1.2

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,381 99,552 99,823 97,946 96,847 98,946 99,193 99,402 209

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,990 27,106 27,396 26,574 26,155 26,615 26,669 26,720 51

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,729.4 5,873.4 5,879.8 5,836.6 5,779.3 5,861.2 5,872.5 5,885.2 12.7

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,864.8 2,925.5 2,935.1 2,917.8 2,880.8 2,925.1 2,932.6 2,933.9 1.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,981.8 2,038.4 2,030.9 2,011.5 2,006.1 2,028.8 2,030.1 2,035.0 4.9

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882.8 909.5 913.8 907.3 892.4 907.3 909.8 916.3 6.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,164.9 15,903.6 16,058.5 15,465.9 15,257.3 15,497.5 15,504.7 15,550.6 45.9

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,803.8 1,885.9 1,881.6 1,872.4 1,834.3 1,887.6 1,893.2 1,900.9 7.7

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,154.5 1,205.0 1,203.0 1,198.8 1,167.5 1,204.8 1,207.7 1,210.6 2.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Change

from:

Dec.2014 -

Jan.2015p

Retail trade - Continued

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 452.7 476.7 482.1 461.8 448.4 459.0 456.4 457.8 1.4

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 520.1 522.1 522.9 512.0 502.7 490.8 491.1 492.0 0.9

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,162.6 1,217.5 1,208.7 1,185.0 1,226.0 1,242.2 1,245.7 1,249.4 3.7

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,950.5 3,037.8 3,051.2 3,010.1 2,965.3 3,016.1 3,022.2 3,026.3 4.1

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,023.9 1,043.4 1,045.2 1,030.2 1,021.9 1,029.5 1,026.1 1,027.8 1.7

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864.5 890.4 886.4 881.3 876.5 888.7 889.1 892.5 3.4

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,391.9 1,489.8 1,534.8 1,384.3 1,385.0 1,381.0 1,370.7 1,374.5 3.8

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613.1 673.9 688.6 650.4 608.7 630.6 632.9 641.4 8.5

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,107.4 3,286.1 3,368.7 3,156.7 3,095.9 3,132.8 3,139.9 3,144.3 4.4

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,377.1 1,442.6 1,501.6 1,364.7 1,354.4 1,341.9 1,343.2 1,342.2 -1.0

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788.8 833.3 836.6 801.7 807.4 821.6 823.2 823.2 0.0

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485.6 546.7 551.7 520.0 485.2 517.6 514.2 520.5 6.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,547.4 4,773.8 4,900.7 4,714.2 4,569.5 4,700.1 4,733.9 4,725.3 -8.6

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438.4 443.8 442.0 441.8 440.9 445.5 443.6 444.6 1.0

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229.8 240.0 241.4 240.5 230.8 240.1 241.4 241.7 0.3

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 66.5 66.8 65.2 66.5 67.4 67.5 67.2 -0.3

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,363.5 1,441.1 1,437.6 1,413.8 1,394.7 1,428.7 1,440.6 1,443.0 2.4

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470.9 489.4 487.5 484.7 457.9 471.8 470.5 472.3 1.8

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.2 47.6 47.6 47.2 46.1 47.4 47.5 47.3 -0.2

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 22.8 26.2 25.9 23.8 30.2 30.8 30.5 31.0 0.5

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 612.4 635.9 637.2 630.5 613.7 634.6 632.7 632.2 -0.5

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581.2 621.0 749.9 626.3 565.1 589.8 613.4 599.3 -14.1

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717.6 762.3 764.8 740.4 723.6 744.0 746.2 746.7 0.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547.8 555.2 557.2 557.2 549.3 556.1 558.0 558.5 0.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,689 2,778 2,773 2,739 2,724 2,761 2,765 2,771 6

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 725.6 725.2 724.8 716.8 728.7 722.6 721.1 719.9 -1.2

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.0 384.0 377.0 356.5 383.7 377.0 380.3 382.5 2.2

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280.8 288.2 288.9 284.9 281.9 286.5 287.5 286.2 -1.3

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847.3 866.3 866.0 861.1 846.8 862.3 862.2 861.8 -0.4

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273.1 286.5 286.1 285.9 274.9 285.6 284.3 287.6 3.3

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207.6 227.3 230.1 233.3 208.1 227.1 229.8 233.4 3.6

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,863 8,041 8,060 8,022 7,918 8,042 8,051 8,077 26

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,885.4 5,984.2 5,995.3 5,990.6 5,897.6 5,974.7 5,980.2 6,002.6 22.4

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 18.2 18.4 18.5 18.9 18.4 18.3 18.6 19.0 0.4

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,575.9 2,567.6 2,573.3 2,565.5 2,579.6 2,564.4 2,566.1 2,569.2 3.1

Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . 1,718.3 1,700.3 1,701.9 1,700.1 1,718.3 1,701.0 1,700.2 1,699.8 -0.4

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,305.0 1,285.6 1,285.0 1,284.2 1,303.7 1,286.2 1,283.8 1,282.6 -1.2

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 869.3 889.9 889.1 890.1 872.5 890.7 888.5 893.5 5.0

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,422.0 2,508.3 2,514.4 2,516.1 2,427.1 2,501.3 2,507.0 2,520.9 13.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,977.8 2,056.4 2,064.4 2,031.5 2,020.4 2,067.1 2,070.9 2,074.8 3.9

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,449.7 1,494.9 1,503.8 1,482.1 1,474.6 1,500.4 1,502.0 1,506.4 4.4

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505.0 537.8 536.8 526.6 522.3 543.1 545.5 545.0 -0.5

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.1 23.7 23.8 22.8 23.5 23.6 23.4 23.4 0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,438 19,507 19,522 19,159 18,771 19,367 19,447 19,486 39

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 8,218.8 8,452.7 8,527.7 8,536.8 8,209.7 8,464.1 8,492.7 8,525.2 32.5

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,115.5 1,121.2 1,124.7 1,111.1 1,122.7 1,119.2 1,119.6 1,118.2 -1.4

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,003.6 928.4 980.9 1,067.7 924.6 982.9 981.7 987.8 6.1

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,341.5 1,404.5 1,402.7 1,395.0 1,358.3 1,399.3 1,404.3 1,412.1 7.8

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,737.9 1,815.5 1,818.0 1,816.8 1,743.7 1,805.6 1,814.5 1,822.5 8.0

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,193.5 1,287.5 1,297.6 1,269.7 1,208.1 1,274.3 1,281.4 1,285.0 3.6

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,137.0 2,184.0 2,193.5 2,179.8 2,143.2 2,184.6 2,188.7 2,186.2 -2.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Change

from:

Dec.2014 -

Jan.2015p

Professional and business services - Continued

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,082.4 8,870.7 8,800.8 8,442.0 8,418.2 8,718.1 8,765.2 8,774.2 9.0

Administrative and support services1. . . . . . . . 7,709.9 8,483.2 8,415.2 8,059.5 8,039.5 8,330.1 8,376.2 8,385.6 9.4

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,180.4 3,632.2 3,638.4 3,393.8 3,326.9 3,514.9 3,541.5 3,539.2 -2.3

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,556.2 2,949.4 2,957.9 2,740.0 2,683.7 2,842.3 2,867.3 2,863.2 -4.1

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874.5 915.2 927.9 908.6 871.4 895.8 901.2 904.5 3.3

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,751.8 1,953.7 1,872.3 1,793.7 1,916.1 1,945.4 1,952.2 1,957.9 5.7

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.5 387.5 385.6 382.5 378.7 388.0 389.0 388.6 -0.4

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,120 21,912 21,888 21,627 21,249 21,664 21,712 21,758 46

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,296.8 3,616.9 3,542.4 3,340.2 3,379.0 3,433.9 3,434.2 3,430.4 -3.8

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,822.8 18,295.4 18,346.0 18,286.7 17,870.2 18,230.2 18,277.4 18,327.1 49.7

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,514.3 14,866.9 14,915.0 14,865.2 14,560.2 14,826.7 14,864.0 14,902.3 38.3

Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . . 6,525.8 6,772.6 6,794.4 6,772.3 6,546.8 6,745.2 6,766.7 6,788.4 21.7

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,438.0 2,505.1 2,515.5 2,512.7 2,442.0 2,497.1 2,500.4 2,513.8 13.4

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695.0 725.0 728.8 727.2 696.5 723.4 726.9 728.5 1.6

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,237.9 1,295.6 1,298.4 1,289.1 1,244.4 1,286.2 1,291.1 1,295.2 4.1

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,758.1 4,816.2 4,825.9 4,816.6 4,767.8 4,806.9 4,814.4 4,824.0 9.6

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,230.4 3,278.1 3,294.7 3,276.3 3,245.6 3,274.6 3,282.9 3,289.9 7.0

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,641.2 1,656.1 1,657.1 1,650.4 1,649.1 1,653.1 1,654.0 1,657.5 3.5

Social assistance1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,308.5 3,428.5 3,431.0 3,421.5 3,310.0 3,403.5 3,413.4 3,424.8 11.4

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852.5 877.5 873.6 870.4 844.5 859.8 860.4 861.9 1.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,815 14,616 14,595 14,281 14,494 14,892 14,939 14,976 37

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,848.8 1,978.3 1,967.4 1,901.3 2,076.3 2,134.7 2,135.1 2,135.4 0.3

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 389.4 445.7 440.8 408.1 433.1 460.4 459.6 455.4 -4.2

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.3 141.7 138.4 133.2 144.2 145.7 145.3 145.3 0.0

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,327.1 1,390.9 1,388.2 1,360.0 1,499.0 1,528.6 1,530.2 1,534.7 4.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 11,966.1 12,638.0 12,627.3 12,379.6 12,417.6 12,757.2 12,803.9 12,841.0 37.1

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,778.3 1,832.5 1,827.6 1,796.2 1,881.2 1,893.9 1,895.0 1,897.5 2.5

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 10,187.8 10,805.5 10,799.7 10,583.4 10,536.4 10,863.3 10,908.9 10,943.5 34.6

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,466 5,592 5,589 5,544 5,536 5,605 5,610 5,614 4

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,212.6 1,244.4 1,242.3 1,240.8 1,227.5 1,248.2 1,251.4 1,255.6 4.2

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,336.7 1,379.1 1,380.9 1,363.4 1,357.1 1,382.0 1,381.5 1,384.1 2.6

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,916.8 2,968.9 2,966.2 2,939.9 2,951.4 2,975.1 2,976.8 2,974.5 -2.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,679 22,381 22,266 21,752 21,811 21,892 21,901 21,891 -10

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,719.0 2,725.0 2,743.0 2,712.0 2,731.0 2,729.0 2,731.0 2,725.0 -6.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,127.7 2,130.2 2,131.9 2,119.2 2,144.7 2,133.8 2,133.2 2,133.5 0.3

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591.1 594.8 611.3 592.6 586.3 595.0 597.4 591.3 -6.1

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,955.0 5,252.0 5,196.0 4,982.0 5,053.0 5,072.0 5,080.0 5,077.0 -3.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,315.3 2,612.9 2,556.9 2,351.4 2,401.8 2,423.8 2,430.4 2,433.0 2.6

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,639.8 2,638.6 2,639.1 2,630.7 2,651.6 2,647.9 2,649.1 2,644.3 -4.8

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,005.0 14,404.0 14,327.0 14,058.0 14,027.0 14,091.0 14,090.0 14,089.0 -1.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,869.8 8,146.5 8,112.5 7,896.5 7,765.0 7,797.4 7,796.4 7,795.1 -1.3

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,134.8 6,257.0 6,214.1 6,161.4 6,262.3 6,293.8 6,294.0 6,294.1 0.1

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.6 34.6 34.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.2 40.6 40.5 40.5

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.1 44.9 45.0 44.8

Construction....................................................................... 38.6 39.0 39.1 38.9

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 41.1 40.9 41.0

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.2 41.6 41.4 41.5

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.9 40.3 40.1 40.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.4 33.4 33.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.4 34.6 34.6 34.6

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 38.9 38.9 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.1 31.4 31.4 31.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.7 38.8 39.1 39.0

Utilities........................................................................... 42.1 42.7 42.3 42.5

Information......................................................................... 36.6 36.7 36.4 36.5

Financial activities................................................................ 37.1 37.3 37.4 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.3 36.3 36.3

Education and health services.................................................. 32.7 32.8 32.7 32.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.1 26.2 26.2 26.3

Other services..................................................................... 31.7 31.8 31.8 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Total private............................................... $24.22 $24.68 $24.63 $24.75 $833.17 $853.93 $852.20 $856.35

Goods-producing....................................... 25.47 25.86 25.78 25.86 1,023.89 1,049.92 1,044.09 1,047.33

Mining and logging.................................. 30.56 30.81 30.65 30.48 1,347.70 1,383.37 1,379.25 1,365.50

Construction.......................................... 26.38 26.91 26.84 26.98 1,018.27 1,049.49 1,049.44 1,049.52

Manufacturing........................................ 24.64 24.96 24.87 24.94 1,002.85 1,025.86 1,017.18 1,022.54

Durable goods.................................... 26.05 26.27 26.20 26.26 1,073.26 1,092.83 1,084.68 1,089.79

Nondurable goods................................ 22.18 22.62 22.50 22.58 884.98 911.59 902.25 907.72

Private service-providing.............................. 23.93 24.40 24.35 24.49 794.48 814.96 813.29 817.97

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 21.21 21.53 21.48 21.60 729.62 744.94 743.21 747.36

Wholesale trade.................................. 27.94 28.24 28.18 28.33 1,084.07 1,098.54 1,096.20 1,102.04

Retail trade........................................ 16.78 17.18 17.11 17.29 521.86 539.45 537.25 541.18

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.69 22.88 22.86 22.79 878.10 887.74 893.83 888.81

Utilities............................................. 35.46 36.00 35.91 36.01 1,492.87 1,537.20 1,518.99 1,530.43

Information........................................... 33.43 34.38 34.37 34.42 1,223.54 1,261.75 1,251.07 1,256.33

Financial activities................................... 30.40 31.09 31.01 31.09 1,127.84 1,159.66 1,159.77 1,162.77

Professional and business services.............. 28.95 29.53 29.48 29.74 1,045.10 1,071.94 1,070.12 1,079.56

Education and health services..................... 24.57 24.99 24.94 25.06 803.44 819.67 815.54 821.97

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.68 14.11 14.09 14.15 357.05 369.68 369.16 372.15

Other services....................................... 21.79 22.18 22.19 22.34 690.74 705.32 705.64 712.65

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2014 -

Jan.

2015p

Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2014 -

Jan.

2015p

Total private..................................... 99.6 102.4 102.7 102.9 0.2 115.1 120.6 120.7 121.5 0.7

Goods-producing............................. 86.9 89.9 90.0 90.2 0.2 100.1 105.0 104.8 105.5 0.7

Mining and logging........................ 121.4 128.7 129.4 128.4 -0.8 148.9 159.2 159.2 157.1 -1.3

Construction................................ 79.9 83.8 84.6 84.7 0.1 91.6 97.9 98.6 99.3 0.7

Manufacturing.............................. 88.6 90.8 90.6 90.9 0.3 101.5 105.4 104.7 105.5 0.8

Durable goods........................... 88.1 91.0 90.8 91.2 0.4 101.9 106.1 105.6 106.4 0.8

Nondurable goods...................... 89.7 90.8 90.4 90.7 0.3 101.0 104.2 103.2 104.0 0.8

Private service-providing.................... 102.9 105.8 106.0 106.2 0.2 119.4 125.1 125.2 126.2 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 97.9 100.2 100.4 100.5 0.1 111.7 116.1 116.0 116.9 0.8

Wholesale trade......................... 97.8 99.5 99.7 99.9 0.2 114.1 117.2 117.2 118.1 0.8

Retail trade.............................. 96.4 98.8 98.9 98.9 0.0 106.9 112.3 111.9 113.0 1.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 101.2 104.4 105.9 105.5 -0.4 116.5 121.2 122.9 122.0 -0.7

Utilities.................................... 100.1 102.7 102.1 102.7 0.6 117.2 122.2 121.2 122.2 0.8

Information................................. 91.1 92.5 91.9 92.4 0.5 108.4 113.3 112.5 113.2 0.6

Financial activities......................... 96.2 98.2 98.6 98.9 0.3 114.1 119.1 119.3 120.0 0.6

Professional and business services..... 106.6 110.6 111.0 111.3 0.3 125.0 132.3 132.6 134.0 1.1

Education and health services........... 111.5 114.0 113.9 114.5 0.5 129.1 134.3 133.9 135.2 1.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 107.9 111.3 111.7 112.4 0.6 119.1 126.7 127.0 128.3 1.0

Other services............................. 97.2 98.8 98.8 99.2 0.4 120.2 124.3 124.5 125.8 1.0

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Total nonfarm............................................. 67,964 69,168 69,314 69,415 49.4 49.3 49.3 49.3

Total private............................................ 55,511 56,668 56,801 56,918 47.9 47.9 47.9 47.8

Goods-producing.................................... 4,161 4,251 4,267 4,275 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9

Mining and logging............................... 115 123 124 124 13.1 13.5 13.6 13.6

Construction....................................... 760 792 798 802 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7

Manufacturing..................................... 3,286 3,336 3,345 3,349 27.2 27.2 27.2 27.2

Durable goods.................................. 1,750 1,791 1,798 1,804 23.0 23.1 23.1 23.1

Nondurable goods............................. 1,536 1,545 1,547 1,545 34.1 34.2 34.2 34.2

Private service-providing........................... 51,350 52,417 52,534 52,643 53.0 53.0 53.0 53.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,606 10,762 10,780 10,815 40.6 40.4 40.4 40.5

Wholesale trade................................ 1,714.1 1,717.7 1,714.0 1,720.7 29.7 29.3 29.2 29.2

Retail trade..................................... 7,681.4 7,801.1 7,819.8 7,844.3 50.3 50.3 50.4 50.4

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,076.1 1,109.3 1,112.2 1,115.6 23.5 23.6 23.5 23.6

Utilities........................................... 134.4 134.0 134.3 134.6 24.5 24.1 24.1 24.1

Information......................................... 1,091 1,107 1,112 1,115 40.1 40.1 40.2 40.2

Financial activities................................ 4,546 4,603 4,611 4,615 57.4 57.2 57.3 57.1

Professional and business services............ 8,356 8,635 8,658 8,657 44.5 44.6 44.5 44.4

Education and health services.................. 16,319 16,651 16,690 16,730 76.8 76.9 76.9 76.9

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,537 7,723 7,743 7,768 52.0 51.9 51.8 51.9

Other services..................................... 2,895 2,936 2,940 2,943 52.3 52.4 52.4 52.4

Government............................................. 12,453 12,500 12,513 12,497 57.1 57.1 57.1 57.1

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Total private............................................................................... 95,644 97,671 97,915 98,101

Goods-producing....................................................................... 13,675 13,991 14,050 14,092

Mining and logging.................................................................. 644 669 671 668

Construction.......................................................................... 4,545 4,682 4,715 4,745

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,486 8,640 8,664 8,679

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,219 5,346 5,363 5,373

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,267 3,294 3,301 3,306

Private service-providing.............................................................. 81,969 83,680 83,865 84,009

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,094 22,437 22,468 22,500

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,664.4 4,729.3 4,738.8 4,746.9

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,036.1 13,192.1 13,186.2 13,214.5

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 3,948.9 4,068.4 4,093.7 4,088.4

Utilities.............................................................................. 444.9 447.0 449.7 450.0

Information............................................................................ 2,208 2,240 2,246 2,254

Financial activities................................................................... 6,096 6,204 6,216 6,234

Professional and business services............................................... 15,524 15,996 16,040 16,073

Education and health services..................................................... 18,651 19,018 19,062 19,092

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 12,784 13,120 13,163 13,186

Other services........................................................................ 4,612 4,665 4,670 4,670

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.5 33.8 33.9 33.8

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.8 41.6 41.6 41.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.4 47.6 47.7 46.9

Construction....................................................................... 38.5 39.7 39.8 39.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.6 42.2 42.1 42.1

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.0 42.5 42.4 42.5

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.0 41.6 41.5 41.4

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.3 32.5 32.6 32.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.5 33.7 33.9 33.6

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.5 38.6 38.6 38.6

Retail trade...................................................................... 29.8 30.1 30.3 30.0

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.6 38.5 39.0 38.7

Utilities........................................................................... 42.1 42.6 42.2 42.5

Information......................................................................... 35.8 36.0 35.8 36.1

Financial activities................................................................ 36.6 36.8 36.8 36.8

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.7 35.7 35.7

Education and health services.................................................. 31.9 32.0 32.1 32.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.1

Other services..................................................................... 30.7 30.7 30.8 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.4

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.5

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Total private............................................... $20.40 $20.77 $20.73 $20.80 $683.40 $702.03 $702.75 $703.04

Goods-producing....................................... 21.39 21.71 21.66 21.68 872.71 903.14 901.06 897.55

Mining and logging.................................. 26.80 27.13 26.66 26.56 1,243.52 1,291.39 1,271.68 1,245.66

Construction.......................................... 24.40 24.83 24.79 24.91 939.40 985.75 986.64 978.96

Manufacturing........................................ 19.44 19.64 19.61 19.62 808.70 828.81 825.58 826.00

Durable goods.................................... 20.53 20.71 20.67 20.67 862.26 880.18 876.41 878.48

Nondurable goods................................ 17.66 17.86 17.85 17.87 724.06 742.98 740.78 739.82

Private service-providing.............................. 20.19 20.57 20.53 20.61 652.14 668.53 669.28 669.83

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 18.03 18.45 18.38 18.52 604.01 621.77 623.08 622.27

Wholesale trade.................................. 22.99 23.47 23.42 23.52 885.12 905.94 904.01 907.87

Retail trade........................................ 14.20 14.55 14.43 14.65 423.16 437.96 437.23 439.50

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.12 20.70 20.74 20.66 776.63 796.95 808.86 799.54

Utilities............................................. 32.78 33.03 33.14 33.16 1,380.04 1,407.08 1,398.51 1,409.30

Information........................................... 28.45 28.57 28.46 28.38 1,018.51 1,028.52 1,018.87 1,024.52

Financial activities................................... 24.29 25.03 25.01 25.08 889.01 921.10 920.37 922.94

Professional and business services.............. 24.10 24.37 24.31 24.37 853.14 870.01 867.87 870.01

Education and health services..................... 21.53 21.83 21.83 21.88 686.81 698.56 700.74 702.35

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 11.88 12.26 12.28 12.29 297.00 307.73 309.46 308.48

Other services....................................... 18.33 18.71 18.71 18.78 562.73 574.40 576.27 576.55

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2014 -

Jan.

2015p

Jan.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014p

Jan.

2015p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2014 -

Jan.

2015p

Total private..................................... 106.8 110.0 110.6 110.5 -0.1 145.6 152.7 153.2 153.6 0.3

Goods-producing............................. 85.3 88.9 89.3 89.2 -0.1 111.7 118.2 118.5 118.4 -0.1

Mining and logging........................ 158.8 169.2 170.1 166.5 -2.1 247.5 267.0 263.7 257.2 -2.5

Construction................................ 87.6 93.1 94.0 93.4 -0.6 115.4 124.8 125.8 125.6 -0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 81.0 83.7 83.7 83.9 0.2 103.0 107.5 107.4 107.6 0.2

Durable goods........................... 82.4 85.4 85.4 85.8 0.5 105.6 110.4 110.3 110.7 0.4

Nondurable goods...................... 78.9 80.7 80.7 80.6 -0.1 98.5 101.9 101.8 101.8 0.0

Private service-providing.................... 112.8 115.9 116.5 116.3 -0.2 156.1 163.4 164.0 164.4 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.2 105.4 106.2 105.4 -0.8 132.7 138.7 139.2 139.2 0.0

Wholesale trade......................... 105.8 107.5 107.7 107.9 0.2 143.2 148.6 148.6 149.5 0.6

Retail trade.............................. 98.3 100.5 101.1 100.3 -0.8 119.7 125.3 125.1 126.0 0.7

Transportation and warehousing...... 114.7 117.9 120.2 119.1 -0.9 146.4 154.8 158.1 156.1 -1.3

Utilities.................................... 95.8 97.4 97.0 97.8 0.8 131.1 134.3 134.2 135.4 0.9

Information................................. 90.2 92.0 91.8 92.9 1.2 127.1 130.2 129.3 130.5 0.9

Financial activities......................... 105.0 107.5 107.7 108.0 0.3 157.0 165.5 165.7 166.6 0.5

Professional and business services..... 123.2 128.0 128.3 128.6 0.2 176.6 185.6 185.7 186.5 0.4

Education and health services........... 127.0 129.9 130.6 130.8 0.2 180.4 187.1 188.1 188.8 0.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 117.1 120.6 121.5 121.2 -0.2 157.9 167.9 169.4 169.2 -0.1

Other services............................. 99.3 100.4 100.9 100.5 -0.4 132.6 136.9 137.5 137.6 0.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.