For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, May 11, 2021 USDL-21-0856

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MARCH 2021

The number of job openings reached a series high of 8.1 million on the last business day of March, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires were little changed at 6.0 million. Total 

separations were little changed at 5.3 million. Within separations, the quits rate was unchanged at 2.4 

percent while the layoffs and discharges rate decreased to a series low of 1.0 percent. This release 

includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm 

sector, by industry, by four geographic regions, and by establishment size class.

Job Openings

On the last business day of March, the job openings level reached a series high of 8.1 million

(+597,000). The job openings series began in December 2000. The job openings rate increased to 5.3

percent. Job openings increased in a number of industries with the largest increases in accommodation 

and food services (+185,000); state and local government education (+155,000); and arts, entertainment, 

and recreation (+81,000). The number of job openings decreased in health care and social assistance 

(-218,000). The number of job openings increased in the Northeast and Midwest regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

In March, the number and rate of hires changed little at 6.0 million and 4.2 percent, respectively. Hires 

increased in state and local government education (+62,000); educational services (+31,000); and 

mining and logging (+17,000). The number of hires was little changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)

 3.0

 3.2

 3.4

 3.6

 3.8

 4.0

 4.2

 4.4

 4.6

 4.8

 5.0

 5.2

 5.4

Mar-18 Sep-18 Mar-19 Sep-19 Mar-20 Sep-20 Mar-21

Percent

Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, March 2018 - March 2021

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Mar-18 Sep-18 Mar-19 Sep-19 Mar-20 Sep-20 Mar-21

Hires

Separations

Percent

Chart 2. Hires and total separations rates, seasonally adjusted, March 2018 - March 2021
- 2 -

Separations 

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 

workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 

by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 

to other locations of the same firm. 

In March, the number and rate of total separations were little changed at 5.3 million and 3.7 percent, 

respectively. The total separations level decreased in construction (-82,000) and in state and local 

government education (-25,000). Total separations were little changed in all four regions. (See table 3.) 

In March, the quits level and rate were little changed at 3.5 million and 2.4 percent, respectively. The 

number of quits increased in accommodation and food services (+63,000) and in information (+16,000). 

Quits decreased in state and local government education (-19,000). The number of quits was little 

changed in all four regions. (See table 4.) 

In March, the number of layoffs and discharges decreased to a series low of 1.5 million. The layoffs 

and discharges rate decreased to 1.0 percent. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 

construction (-93,000). Layoffs and discharges were little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.) 

The number of other separations was little changed in March at 334,000. Other separations increased 

in professional and business services (+29,000). Other separations decreased in information (-7,000); 

state and local government education (-6,000); and nondurable goods manufacturing (-5,000). The other 

separations level was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.) 

Net Change in Employment 

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. 

Over the 12 months ending in March, hires totaled 73.2 million and separations totaled 69.9 million, 

yielding a net employment gain of 3.3 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 

and separated more than once during the year. 

Establishment Size Class 

JOLTS produces estimates for job openings, hires, and separations by establishment size. These 

estimates can provide additional insight into the internal dynamics of the labor market. There are six 

employment size classes: 1-9; 10-49; 50-249; 250-999; 1,000-4,999; and 5,000 or more employees. 

Utilizing these size classes, establishments can also be described as small (1-49 employees), medium 

(50-249), and large (250+). For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class 

estimates, please visit www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

In March, the job openings rate increased in medium establishments with 50-249 employees and large 

establishments with 5,000 or more employees. In small establishments with 1-9 employees, the layoffs 
- 3 -

and discharges rate decreased. The layoffs and discharges rate increased in large establishments with 

250-999 employees.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for April 2021 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, June 8, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on March 2021

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data

Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While 42 

percent of data are usually collected by phone at the JOLTS data collection center, most phone 

respondents were asked to report electronically. However, data collection was adversely impacted due to 

the inability to reach some respondents that normally respond by phone. The JOLTS response rate for 

March was 45 percent, while response rates prior to the pandemic averaged 54 percent.

More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including 

information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/jobopenings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-March-2021.htm.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,769 7,526 8,123 5,132 5,794 6,009 16,308 5,429 5,322

Total private....................................... 5,061 6,868 7,290 4,751 5,490 5,632 15,763 5,078 4,998

Mining and logging............................. 16 20 31 23 19 36 45 22 12

Construction.................................... 228 272 344 403 399 445 784 426 344

Manufacturing.................................. 302 572 706 313 393 425 891 369 387

Durable goods............................... 170 298 365 176 218 247 532 200 221

Nondurable goods........................... 132 273 341 136 175 178 358 169 166

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,050 1,396 1,475 1,116 1,118 1,151 2,771 1,118 1,091

Wholesale trade............................. 150 216 249 136 139 155 335 139 147

Retail trade................................... 571 819 878 734 734 753 1,834 746 728

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 330 361 348 246 245 243 602 233 216

Information...................................... 122 109 106 69 88 82 246 79 87

Financial activities.............................. 352 303 354 230 199 213 383 201 207

Finance and insurance..................... 261 229 267 153 131 133 179 132 136

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 91 74 87 76 68 80 203 69 71

Professional and business services......... 1,042 1,373 1,374 1,116 1,129 1,127 1,931 1,062 1,050

Education and health services............... 1,143 1,592 1,425 648 703 738 2,035 670 669

Educational services........................ 101 105 157 93 86 117 371 80 78

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,041 1,486 1,268 554 617 621 1,663 590 591

Leisure and hospitality........................ 648 942 1,209 677 1,194 1,188 5,713 904 947

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 129 134 215 119 135 147 665 126 120

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 519 808 993 558 1,059 1,041 5,048 778 827

Other services.................................. 158 289 266 157 248 227 965 225 203

Government....................................... 708 658 833 381 304 377 545 351 324

Federal.......................................... 123 88 108 58 37 36 42 40 37

State and local................................. 585 570 725 324 267 340 503 311 287

State and local education.................. 209 175 330 167 121 183 294 162 137

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 377 395 395 156 146 157 208 149 150

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.7 5.0 5.3 3.4 4.0 4.2 10.8 3.8 3.7

Total private....................................... 3.8 5.3 5.6 3.7 4.5 4.6 12.3 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging............................. 2.4 3.3 4.8 3.4 3.2 5.9 6.7 3.7 2.0

Construction.................................... 2.9 3.6 4.4 5.3 5.4 6.0 10.4 5.8 4.6

Manufacturing.................................. 2.3 4.5 5.4 2.5 3.2 3.5 7.0 3.0 3.2

Durable goods............................... 2.1 3.8 4.6 2.2 2.9 3.2 6.7 2.6 2.9

Nondurable goods........................... 2.7 5.6 6.8 2.9 3.8 3.8 7.5 3.7 3.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.6 4.9 5.1 4.0 4.1 4.2 10.0 4.1 4.0

Wholesale trade............................. 2.5 3.7 4.2 2.3 2.5 2.7 5.7 2.5 2.6

Retail trade................................... 3.6 5.1 5.5 4.7 4.8 4.9 11.8 4.9 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 4.9 5.5 5.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 9.5 3.7 3.4

Information...................................... 4.0 3.9 3.8 2.4 3.3 3.1 8.5 2.9 3.2

Financial activities.............................. 3.8 3.3 3.9 2.6 2.3 2.4 4.3 2.3 2.4

Finance and insurance..................... 3.9 3.4 3.9 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.8 2.0 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 3.8 3.2 3.7 3.3 3.0 3.6 8.7 3.1 3.2

Professional and business services......... 4.7 6.2 6.2 5.2 5.5 5.4 9.1 5.1 5.1

Education and health services............... 4.5 6.4 5.7 2.7 3.0 3.2 8.4 2.9 2.9

Educational services........................ 2.7 3.0 4.3 2.5 2.5 3.4 10.0 2.4 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 4.8 7.0 6.0 2.7 3.1 3.1 8.1 3.0 3.0

Leisure and hospitality........................ 3.9 6.5 8.1 4.2 8.8 8.6 35.4 6.7 6.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 5.1 7.2 10.7 4.9 7.8 8.2 27.7 7.3 6.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 3.6 6.4 7.7 4.1 9.0 8.7 36.8 6.6 6.9

Other services.................................. 2.6 5.0 4.6 2.7 4.5 4.1 16.5 4.1 3.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Government....................................... 3.0 3.0 3.7 1.7 1.4 1.7 2.4 1.6 1.5

Federal.......................................... 4.1 3.0 3.6 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3

State and local................................. 2.9 3.0 3.7 1.6 1.4 1.8 2.5 1.7 1.5

State and local education.................. 1.9 1.8 3.3 1.6 1.3 1.9 2.8 1.7 1.4

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 3.9 4.2 4.2 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.2 1.7 1.7

p Preliminary
Technical Note

Special technical note: This technical note 

describes the procedures regularly used on a monthly 

basis to develop estimates from JOLTS survey 

responses. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of 

the procedures described in this technical note have 

been modified. The modifications are briefly 

described in the box note in the news release and are 

described in more detail at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemicon-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm.

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance 

with the North American Industry Classification 

System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

 A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can 

be full-time or part-time, and it can be 

permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 

 The job could start within 30 days, whether 

or not the employer can find a suitable 

candidate during that time. 

 The employer is actively recruiting workers 

from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Active recruiting means that the 

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting Internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future, 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work, and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 

discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Excluded from separations are

transfers within the same location; employees on 

strike; employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 

establishments. The sample is stratified by 

ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment 

size class. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled 

by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program which includes all employers 

subject to state unemployment insurance laws and 

federal agencies subject to the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio 

adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment 

is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data 

elements.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. 

Also within the first year, new businesses may go out 

of business, referred to as a death. Because not all 

births and deaths of establishments can be reflected 

on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS 

sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and 

separations from them during their early existence. 

BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses 

establishment birth and death activity from previous 

years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and nonsampling 

errors between the two surveys historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust

again.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA 

for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new 

seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each

month, using all relevant data up to and including 

current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally 

adjusted CES employment trends are applied to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trends (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the 

seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates. The JOLTS estimates are 

revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES 

employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal 

adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels 

are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and 

the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data 

elements. The seasonally adjusted data are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to 

reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. These 
annual updates result in revisions to both the 

seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 

JOLTS data series, for the period since the last 

benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual 

level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 

annual average employment level, and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates 

are published only for not seasonally adjusted data 

and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job 

openings because job openings are a stock, or pointin-time, measurement for the last business day of 

each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs 

when a sample is surveyed rather than the entire 

population. There is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the true population values 

they represent. The difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected.

This variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 

the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that 

there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no 

more than 1.6 standard errors from the true

population value because of sampling error. 

Sampling error estimates are available at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons including: the failure to include a 

segment of the population; the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample; the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data; and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available 

to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 

877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Total............................................... 5,769 6,766 6,752 7,099 7,526 8,123 3.7 4.5 4.5 4.7 5.0 5.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,061 6,078 6,094 6,380 6,868 7,290 3.8 4.8 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.6

Mining and logging......................... 16 16 21 24 20 31 2.4 2.7 3.4 3.9 3.3 4.8

Construction................................ 228 261 267 300 272 344 2.9 3.4 3.5 3.9 3.6 4.4

Manufacturing.............................. 302 514 479 537 572 706 2.3 4.0 3.8 4.2 4.5 5.4

Durable goods........................... 170 250 271 308 298 365 2.1 3.2 3.4 3.9 3.8 4.6

Nondurable goods....................... 132 263 209 228 273 341 2.7 5.4 4.3 4.7 5.6 6.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,050 1,204 1,215 1,308 1,396 1,475 3.6 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.9 5.1

Wholesale trade......................... 150 175 173 192 216 249 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.7 4.2

Retail trade............................... 571 720 764 793 819 878 3.6 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 330 310 277 323 361 348 4.9 4.7 4.3 5.0 5.5 5.2

Information.................................. 122 98 109 129 109 106 4.0 3.6 3.9 4.6 3.9 3.8

Financial activities......................... 352 287 295 306 303 354 3.8 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.9

Finance and insurance................. 261 216 231 226 229 267 3.9 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 91 70 65 80 74 87 3.8 3.1 2.8 3.5 3.2 3.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,042 1,261 1,478 1,404 1,373 1,374 4.7 5.8 6.7 6.4 6.2 6.2

Education and health services........... 1,143 1,335 1,277 1,368 1,592 1,425 4.5 5.4 5.2 5.6 6.4 5.7

Educational services.................... 101 101 90 148 105 157 2.7 2.9 2.6 4.2 3.0 4.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,041 1,234 1,187 1,220 1,486 1,268 4.8 5.8 5.6 5.8 7.0 6.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 648 859 747 738 942 1,209 3.9 5.9 5.4 5.3 6.5 8.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 129 110 62 81 134 215 5.1 5.7 3.5 4.5 7.2 10.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 519 749 685 657 808 993 3.6 6.0 5.7 5.4 6.4 7.7

Other services.............................. 158 243 205 265 289 266 2.6 4.2 3.6 4.6 5.0 4.6

Government................................... 708 688 659 719 658 833 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.7

Federal...................................... 123 103 98 79 88 108 4.1 3.5 3.3 2.7 3.0 3.6

State and local............................. 585 584 561 641 570 725 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.7

State and local education.............. 209 207 217 294 175 330 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.9 1.8 3.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 377 377 344 347 395 395 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.7 4.2 4.2

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,006 1,166 1,142 1,165 1,294 1,488 3.5 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.7 5.4

South........................................... 2,189 2,623 2,645 2,831 2,972 3,068 3.8 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.5

Midwest........................................ 1,205 1,455 1,465 1,520 1,593 1,772 3.6 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.4

West............................................ 1,370 1,522 1,501 1,583 1,667 1,795 3.7 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.1

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Total............................................... 5,132 6,019 5,411 5,465 5,794 6,009 3.4 4.2 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,751 5,649 5,072 5,102 5,490 5,632 3.7 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.6

Mining and logging......................... 23 25 24 17 19 36 3.4 4.2 4.0 2.9 3.2 5.9

Construction................................ 403 389 399 346 399 445 5.3 5.3 5.4 4.7 5.4 6.0

Manufacturing.............................. 313 405 398 351 393 425 2.5 3.3 3.3 2.9 3.2 3.5

Durable goods........................... 176 230 224 192 218 247 2.2 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.9 3.2

Nondurable goods....................... 136 176 174 159 175 178 2.9 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,116 1,285 1,199 1,183 1,118 1,151 4.0 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.2

Wholesale trade......................... 136 150 160 152 139 155 2.3 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.7

Retail trade............................... 734 713 814 778 734 753 4.7 4.7 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 246 421 225 254 245 243 3.9 6.7 3.6 4.1 3.9 3.9

Information.................................. 69 81 72 77 88 82 2.4 3.1 2.7 2.9 3.3 3.1

Financial activities......................... 230 217 212 202 199 213 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4

Finance and insurance................. 153 143 134 126 131 133 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 76 73 78 76 68 80 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.0 3.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,116 1,220 1,121 1,078 1,129 1,127 5.2 6.0 5.5 5.2 5.5 5.4

Education and health services........... 648 725 700 708 703 738 2.7 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.2

Educational services.................... 93 90 67 110 86 117 2.5 2.7 2.0 3.3 2.5 3.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 554 635 633 598 617 621 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 677 1,097 758 928 1,194 1,188 4.2 8.1 5.8 7.1 8.8 8.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 119 138 60 120 135 147 4.9 7.6 3.5 7.1 7.8 8.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 558 959 698 808 1,059 1,041 4.1 8.1 6.1 7.1 9.0 8.7

Other services.............................. 157 206 187 212 248 227 2.7 3.8 3.4 3.9 4.5 4.1

Government................................... 381 370 339 363 304 377 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.7

Federal...................................... 58 68 47 32 37 36 2.0 2.4 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.3

State and local............................. 324 302 292 331 267 340 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.8

State and local education.............. 167 140 145 193 121 183 1.6 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.9

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 156 163 147 137 146 157 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 839 937 867 867 967 988 3.1 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.8

South........................................... 1,988 2,458 2,156 2,054 2,184 2,322 3.6 4.7 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.4

Midwest........................................ 1,072 1,316 1,203 1,241 1,322 1,293 3.3 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.1

West............................................ 1,234 1,309 1,184 1,303 1,321 1,407 3.5 3.9 3.5 3.9 3.9 4.2

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Total............................................... 16,308 5,744 5,582 5,323 5,429 5,322 10.8 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 15,763 5,305 5,236 5,007 5,078 4,998 12.3 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging......................... 45 20 19 17 22 12 6.7 3.3 3.1 2.8 3.7 2.0

Construction................................ 784 362 352 338 426 344 10.4 4.9 4.8 4.6 5.8 4.6

Manufacturing.............................. 891 367 387 362 369 387 7.0 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.2

Durable goods........................... 532 206 213 205 200 221 6.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.9

Nondurable goods....................... 358 161 173 158 169 166 7.5 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.7 3.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 2,771 1,123 1,123 1,197 1,118 1,091 10.0 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.1 4.0

Wholesale trade......................... 335 143 151 136 139 147 5.7 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.6

Retail trade............................... 1,834 735 737 718 746 728 11.8 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 602 245 235 343 233 216 9.5 3.9 3.8 5.5 3.7 3.4

Information.................................. 246 79 74 66 79 87 8.5 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.9 3.2

Financial activities......................... 383 199 182 206 201 207 4.3 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.4

Finance and insurance................. 179 133 113 135 132 136 2.8 2.0 1.7 2.1 2.0 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 203 66 69 72 69 71 8.7 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,931 1,123 1,007 1,003 1,062 1,050 9.1 5.5 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.1

Education and health services........... 2,035 690 681 681 670 669 8.4 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9

Educational services.................... 371 89 102 48 80 78 10.0 2.6 3.1 1.4 2.4 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,663 600 579 632 590 591 8.1 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 5,713 1,134 1,221 933 904 947 35.4 8.3 9.3 7.1 6.7 6.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 665 102 173 136 126 120 27.7 5.6 10.1 8.0 7.3 6.7

Accommodation and food services. .. 5,048 1,032 1,049 797 778 827 36.8 8.7 9.2 7.0 6.6 6.9

Other services.............................. 965 209 190 203 225 203 16.5 3.8 3.5 3.7 4.1 3.7

Government................................... 545 439 346 316 351 324 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5

Federal...................................... 42 134 50 59 40 37 1.5 4.6 1.7 2.0 1.4 1.3

State and local............................. 503 305 296 257 311 287 2.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.5

State and local education.............. 294 150 141 105 162 137 2.8 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 208 155 155 152 149 150 2.2 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 3,256 904 858 794 836 809 11.8 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1

South........................................... 5,404 2,176 2,186 2,128 2,154 2,140 9.8 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0

Midwest........................................ 3,809 1,308 1,166 1,111 1,200 1,199 11.7 4.2 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.8

West............................................ 3,839 1,355 1,372 1,290 1,240 1,175 10.9 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.5

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Total............................................... 2,902 3,296 3,407 3,306 3,383 3,508 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,677 3,113 3,224 3,140 3,184 3,331 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7

Mining and logging......................... 9 12 9 8 12 9 1.3 2.0 1.6 1.3 2.1 1.5

Construction................................ 135 163 161 139 168 184 1.8 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.5

Manufacturing.............................. 155 235 240 251 258 263 1.2 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1

Durable goods........................... 83 129 135 142 140 150 1.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.0

Nondurable goods....................... 72 106 105 109 118 112 1.5 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 618 752 816 755 753 776 2.2 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9

Wholesale trade......................... 95 75 97 71 82 93 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.6

Retail trade............................... 389 540 549 539 542 545 2.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 135 137 170 145 129 138 2.1 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.2

Information.................................. 42 40 39 37 40 56 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 2.1

Financial activities......................... 109 124 108 148 132 125 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.4

Finance and insurance................. 75 82 69 106 85 78 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 34 42 38 42 47 46 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 583 592 581 580 604 604 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9

Education and health services........... 452 446 471 469 458 490 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1

Educational services.................... 47 46 52 25 44 44 1.3 1.4 1.6 0.7 1.3 1.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 405 400 419 443 413 447 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 515 622 687 641 625 690 3.2 4.6 5.2 4.9 4.6 5.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 45 56 71 64 51 53 1.9 3.1 4.2 3.8 3.0 3.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 470 566 616 577 574 637 3.4 4.8 5.4 5.1 4.9 5.3

Other services.............................. 59 126 113 114 134 134 1.0 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.4

Government................................... 225 183 183 166 199 177 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8

Federal...................................... 20 24 21 26 19 17 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6

State and local............................. 206 159 162 140 181 160 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.9

State and local education.............. 121 81 81 62 98 79 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 84 78 81 78 83 81 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 409 466 436 432 456 480 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8

South........................................... 1,156 1,445 1,465 1,427 1,406 1,477 2.1 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8

Midwest........................................ 661 709 761 727 749 768 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5

West............................................ 676 676 746 719 772 782 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Total............................................... 13,046 2,123 1,823 1,724 1,723 1,480 8.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 12,801 1,930 1,734 1,634 1,636 1,394 10.0 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1

Mining and logging......................... 35 7 9 7 8 3 5.2 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.4

Construction................................ 631 189 183 187 243 150 8.3 2.6 2.5 2.5 3.3 2.0

Manufacturing.............................. 713 110 120 90 86 104 5.6 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.8

Durable goods........................... 436 62 64 48 45 56 5.5 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7

Nondurable goods....................... 277 47 56 42 41 47 5.8 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 2,088 327 243 414 319 261 7.5 1.2 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.0

Wholesale trade......................... 236 61 40 61 46 44 4.0 1.1 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.8

Retail trade............................... 1,409 174 156 164 182 146 9.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 443 92 46 189 91 71 7.0 1.5 0.7 3.0 1.5 1.1

Information.................................. 196 33 30 22 27 25 6.8 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.9

Financial activities......................... 247 54 50 32 53 68 2.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.8

Finance and insurance................. 83 36 23 13 32 44 1.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 164 18 27 19 21 24 7.0 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,278 449 359 372 398 357 6.0 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7

Education and health services........... 1,540 203 168 160 173 140 6.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6

Educational services.................... 320 38 41 21 31 29 8.7 1.1 1.2 0.6 0.9 0.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,220 165 126 139 142 111 5.9 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 5,178 485 506 267 248 225 32.1 3.6 3.9 2.0 1.8 1.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 618 44 98 70 72 65 25.7 2.4 5.7 4.1 4.2 3.6

Accommodation and food services. .. 4,560 441 409 197 176 160 33.2 3.7 3.6 1.7 1.5 1.3

Other services.............................. 895 72 66 84 81 62 15.3 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.1

Government................................... 244 194 89 89 86 86 1.1 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Federal...................................... 11 98 12 18 11 9 0.4 3.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3

State and local............................. 233 95 77 71 75 78 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local education.............. 137 41 31 24 36 37 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 96 54 46 47 39 40 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 2,794 382 356 309 323 266 10.2 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.0

South........................................... 4,129 636 576 598 619 532 7.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0

Midwest........................................ 3,063 527 338 328 382 361 9.4 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

West............................................ 3,060 578 554 488 399 322 8.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.0

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Mar.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Total............................................... 360 325 352 294 323 334 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 285 262 278 233 257 273 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 1 1 1 2 1 1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1

Construction................................ 18 10 7 13 15 10 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 23 22 27 22 26 21 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 14 15 14 15 15 15 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods....................... 9 8 12 7 11 6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 65 44 64 28 46 55 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 4 6 13 4 11 11 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 36 22 32 15 23 37 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 25 16 19 10 13 7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1

Information.................................. 8 5 4 7 12 5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2

Financial activities......................... 26 21 24 27 17 14 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Finance and insurance................. 21 16 21 16 15 14 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 5 5 3 10 1 1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 70 82 67 51 60 89 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4

Education and health services........... 43 41 43 52 40 39 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.................... 4 5 9 2 5 6 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2

Health care and social assistance. . .. 38 36 34 50 35 34 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 20 26 28 25 31 32 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 2 2 3 2 3 2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 18 25 24 23 28 30 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.............................. 11 10 12 6 10 8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Government................................... 75 63 74 61 66 61 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 12 12 17 15 11 12 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 64 51 57 46 55 49 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 36 29 29 19 27 21 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 28 22 28 27 28 28 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 53 56 66 53 56 63 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 119 95 146 103 129 131 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest........................................ 85 72 67 55 69 70 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 104 101 72 83 69 71 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment..

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 5,734 7,272 8,237 3.7 4.9 5.4

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,019 6,645 7,368 3.8 5.2 5.7

Mining and logging............................................... 15 18 31 2.2 3.0 4.8

Construction....................................................... 238 242 369 3.2 3.3 4.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 302 561 708 2.3 4.4 5.5

Durable goods.................................................. 169 286 367 2.1 3.6 4.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 134 275 341 2.8 5.6 6.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 980 1,296 1,450 3.5 4.6 5.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 145 221 249 2.4 3.8 4.2

Retail trade..................................................... 496 719 838 3.1 4.6 5.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 339 356 364 5.1 5.4 5.5

Information........................................................ 117 104 98 3.9 3.8 3.6

Financial activities................................................ 334 282 348 3.7 3.1 3.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 247 219 262 3.7 3.2 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 87 63 86 3.6 2.8 3.8

Professional and business services............................ 1,053 1,352 1,400 4.8 6.2 6.4

Education and health services.................................. 1,125 1,552 1,432 4.4 6.2 5.7

Educational services.......................................... 96 105 152 2.4 2.9 4.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,029 1,447 1,280 4.8 6.8 6.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 684 956 1,254 4.2 6.8 8.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 142 151 231 5.9 8.7 12.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 542 804 1,023 3.9 6.6 8.0

Other services.................................................... 172 282 277 2.9 4.9 4.8

Government.......................................................... 714 627 869 3.0 2.8 3.8

Federal............................................................. 132 93 120 4.4 3.1 4.0

State and local.................................................... 583 535 749 2.8 2.8 3.8

State and local education..................................... 200 133 345 1.8 1.3 3.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 383 401 404 4.0 4.3 4.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,001 1,231 1,489 3.5 4.5 5.4

South................................................................. 2,175 2,906 3,113 3.8 5.3 5.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,218 1,543 1,801 3.6 4.8 5.5

West.................................................................. 1,340 1,593 1,835 3.7 4.6 5.2

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 4,728 4,804 5,624 3.2 3.4 3.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,433 4,593 5,325 3.5 3.8 4.4

Mining and logging............................................... 24 15 37 3.6 2.6 6.1

Construction....................................................... 384 326 430 5.3 4.7 6.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 292 357 410 2.3 2.9 3.3

Durable goods.................................................. 167 198 240 2.1 2.6 3.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 126 159 170 2.7 3.4 3.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,032 876 1,051 3.8 3.3 3.9

Wholesale trade................................................ 139 121 159 2.4 2.2 2.8

Retail trade..................................................... 704 571 713 4.6 3.8 4.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 190 184 179 3.0 3.0 2.9

Information........................................................ 61 78 73 2.1 2.9 2.7

Financial activities................................................ 213 162 193 2.4 1.9 2.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 144 114 121 2.2 1.7 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 69 48 72 3.0 2.2 3.3

Professional and business services............................ 1,054 998 1,066 5.0 4.9 5.2

Education and health services.................................. 589 597 681 2.4 2.6 2.9

Educational services.......................................... 55 61 81 1.4 1.7 2.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 534 536 600 2.6 2.7 3.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 660 983 1,186 4.2 7.5 8.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 120 88 165 5.3 5.6 9.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 540 894 1,020 4.0 7.8 8.6

Other services.................................................... 125 202 199 2.2 3.7 3.6

Government.......................................................... 295 210 299 1.3 1.0 1.4

Federal............................................................. 57 30 34 2.0 1.0 1.2

State and local.................................................... 238 181 265 1.2 1.0 1.4

State and local education..................................... 105 73 125 1.0 0.7 1.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 133 108 140 1.4 1.2 1.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 749 746 915 2.7 2.9 3.5

South................................................................. 1,854 1,875 2,190 3.4 3.6 4.2

Midwest............................................................... 1,019 1,091 1,230 3.1 3.5 4.0

West.................................................................. 1,106 1,092 1,289 3.2 3.3 3.8

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 15,654 4,400 4,628 10.4 3.1 3.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 15,209 4,169 4,424 12.0 3.5 3.6

Mining and logging............................................... 45 24 11 6.7 4.2 1.8

Construction....................................................... 733 349 303 10.0 5.0 4.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 880 328 382 6.9 2.7 3.1

Durable goods.................................................. 525 175 219 6.6 2.3 2.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 355 153 162 7.5 3.3 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 2,639 930 946 9.6 3.5 3.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 328 118 142 5.6 2.1 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 1,742 628 628 11.4 4.2 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 569 185 176 9.0 3.0 2.8

Information........................................................ 238 65 77 8.2 2.4 2.9

Financial activities................................................ 363 170 181 4.1 1.9 2.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 170 116 122 2.6 1.8 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 192 53 59 8.3 2.4 2.7

Professional and business services............................ 1,857 934 970 8.8 4.6 4.7

Education and health services.................................. 1,988 561 607 8.1 2.4 2.6

Educational services.......................................... 337 44 39 8.7 1.2 1.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,651 517 568 8.0 2.6 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 5,532 628 771 35.1 4.8 5.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 614 48 59 27.4 3.0 3.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 4,918 580 712 36.4 5.1 6.0

Other services.................................................... 935 181 175 16.1 3.3 3.2

Government.......................................................... 445 231 204 1.9 1.1 0.9

Federal............................................................. 40 33 31 1.4 1.2 1.1

State and local.................................................... 405 198 172 2.0 1.0 0.9

State and local education..................................... 222 89 46 2.0 0.9 0.4

State and local, excluding education........................ 184 109 126 2.0 1.2 1.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 3,108 616 650 11.4 2.4 2.5

South................................................................. 5,200 1,808 1,925 9.4 3.5 3.7

Midwest............................................................... 3,657 990 1,040 11.3 3.2 3.3

West.................................................................. 3,689 987 1,013 10.5 3.0 3.0

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 2,612 2,776 3,257 1.7 2.0 2.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 2,423 2,627 3,132 1.9 2.2 2.6

Mining and logging............................................... 7 11 8 1.1 2.0 1.3

Construction....................................................... 106 138 171 1.5 2.0 2.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 153 232 267 1.2 1.9 2.2

Durable goods.................................................. 81 124 154 1.0 1.6 2.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 72 107 112 1.5 2.3 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 574 625 732 2.1 2.3 2.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 95 64 95 1.6 1.1 1.7

Retail trade..................................................... 349 448 507 2.3 3.0 3.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 129 113 129 2.1 1.8 2.1

Information........................................................ 36 32 52 1.3 1.2 1.9

Financial activities................................................ 95 112 109 1.1 1.3 1.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 67 74 67 1.0 1.1 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 28 38 42 1.2 1.7 1.9

Professional and business services............................ 547 519 567 2.6 2.5 2.8

Education and health services.................................. 427 391 466 1.7 1.7 2.0

Educational services.......................................... 31 29 26 0.8 0.8 0.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 395 362 440 1.9 1.8 2.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 424 464 625 2.7 3.6 4.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 34 30 39 1.5 1.9 2.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 390 434 585 2.9 3.8 5.0

Other services.................................................... 54 101 137 0.9 1.9 2.5

Government.......................................................... 189 148 125 0.8 0.7 0.6

Federal............................................................. 19 16 16 0.7 0.6 0.5

State and local.................................................... 170 133 110 0.8 0.7 0.6

State and local education..................................... 88 65 30 0.8 0.6 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 82 68 79 0.9 0.8 0.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 348 354 441 1.3 1.4 1.7

South................................................................. 1,064 1,185 1,391 1.9 2.3 2.6

Midwest............................................................... 601 623 713 1.9 2.0 2.3

West.................................................................. 600 614 712 1.7 1.9 2.1

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 12,704 1,346 1,065 8.5 0.9 0.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 12,511 1,308 1,032 9.9 1.1 0.8

Mining and logging............................................... 36 11 3 5.4 2.0 0.5

Construction....................................................... 604 200 120 8.3 2.9 1.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 703 73 93 5.5 0.6 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 431 38 50 5.4 0.5 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 272 36 43 5.8 0.8 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 2,008 263 166 7.3 1.0 0.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 229 45 37 3.9 0.8 0.7

Retail trade..................................................... 1,364 158 91 8.9 1.1 0.6

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 414 61 39 6.6 1.0 0.6

Information........................................................ 193 21 21 6.7 0.8 0.8

Financial activities................................................ 240 45 60 2.7 0.5 0.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 82 31 43 1.3 0.5 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 157 14 17 6.8 0.7 0.7

Professional and business services............................ 1,239 357 311 5.9 1.7 1.5

Education and health services.................................. 1,523 130 108 6.2 0.6 0.5

Educational services.......................................... 304 11 10 7.9 0.3 0.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,220 118 99 5.9 0.6 0.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 5,094 137 119 32.4 1.1 0.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 579 15 18 25.8 1.0 1.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 4,515 122 101 33.4 1.1 0.9

Other services.................................................... 872 69 31 15.0 1.3 0.6

Government.......................................................... 193 38 33 0.8 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 10 9 6 0.4 0.3 0.2

State and local.................................................... 183 29 27 0.9 0.2 0.1

State and local education..................................... 108 12 8 1.0 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 75 17 19 0.8 0.2 0.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 2,710 218 154 9.9 0.8 0.6

South................................................................. 4,035 503 422 7.3 1.0 0.8

Midwest............................................................... 2,977 312 262 9.2 1.0 0.8

West.................................................................. 2,982 314 227 8.5 0.9 0.7

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2021

Mar.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 338 278 305 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 276 233 260 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 1 0 0.2 0.2 0.1

Construction....................................................... 23 10 13 0.3 0.1 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 24 23 22 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 13 13 15 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 11 10 8 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 58 41 48 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 4 9 11 0.1 0.2 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 28 22 30 0.2 0.1 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 26 11 8 0.4 0.2 0.1

Information........................................................ 8 11 5 0.3 0.4 0.2

Financial activities................................................ 28 13 12 0.3 0.1 0.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 21 12 12 0.3 0.2 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 7 1 1 0.3 0.0 0.0

Professional and business services............................ 70 57 92 0.3 0.3 0.4

Education and health services.................................. 38 40 33 0.2 0.2 0.1

Educational services.......................................... 2 3 3 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 36 37 30 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 15 26 28 0.1 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 1 2 2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 13 24 26 0.1 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 10 10 7 0.2 0.2 0.1

Government.......................................................... 62 45 45 0.3 0.2 0.2

Federal............................................................. 10 9 10 0.4 0.3 0.3

State and local.................................................... 52 36 35 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local education..................................... 25 13 8 0.2 0.1 0.1

State and local, excluding education........................ 27 24 28 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 45 45 55 0.2 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 105 120 112 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 80 55 65 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 108 59 73 0.3 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.