Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378

http://www.bls.gov/cps/

Establishment data: 691-6555

http://www.bls.gov/ces/

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 03-05

Transmission of material in this release is

embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),

Friday, January 10, 2003.

2000 2001 2002

122.0

124.0

126.0

128.0

130.0

132.0

134.0

Millions

 Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,

 January 2000 - December 2002

 Chart 2.

0.0

2000 2001 2002

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

Percent

Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,

January 2000 - December 2002

Chart 1.

0.0

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: DECEMBER 2002

Employment declined in December, and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 6.0 percent, the

Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Payroll employment fell by

101,000, following a decline of 88,000 (as revised) in November. In December, job losses continued in

manufacturing; employment also fell in retail trade and transportation.

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)

The unemployment rate remained at 6.0 percent in December, and the number of unemployed persons

was essentially flat, at 8.6 million. Both measures had increased in November. The unemployment rate for

adult women rose in December to 5.3 percent. The jobless rates for other major worker groups—adult

men (5.6 percent), teenagers (16.1 percent), whites (5.1 percent), blacks (11.5 percent), and Hispanics

(7.9 percent)—were little changed over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)

The number of persons unemployed 15 weeks or more rose to 3.2 million in December, an increase

of 815,000 over the year. The number unemployed less than 5 weeks was essentially unchanged over the

month, at 2.8 million, but has decreased by 241,000 over the year. (See table A-6.)

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

Total employment edged down in December. Despite several large monthly fluctuations in 2002,

employment was essentially unchanged from December 2001 to December 2002. In December, the
2

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Quarterly averages Monthly data Nov.-

Category Dec.

III IV Oct. Nov. Dec. change 

HOUSEHOLD DATA Labor force status

Civilian labor force............................. 142,761 142,799 143,123 142,733 142,542 -191

Employment................................... 134,568 134,364 134,914 134,225 133,952 -273

Unemployment.............................. 8,193 8,436 8,209 8,508 8,590 82

Not in labor force................................ 71,465 72,011 71,519 72,087 72,425 338

All workers......................................... 5.7 5.9 5.7 6.0 6.0 .0

Adult men...................................... 5.2 5.5 5.2 5.7 5.6 -0.1

Adult women................................. 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.3 .3

Teenagers...................................... 16.9 15.8 14.6 16.8 16.1 -.7

White.............................................. 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.1 -.1

Black............................................... 9.7 10.8 9.8 11.0 11.5 .5

Hispanic origin............................... 7.5 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.9 .1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Nonfarm employment......................... 130,844 p130,806 130,898 p130,810 p130,709 p-101

Goods-producing1........................... 23,787 p23,626 23,688 p23,625 p23,566 p-59

Construction............................ 6,544 p6,542 6,544 p6,540 p6,543 p3

Manufacturing......................... 16,691 p16,532 16,592 p16,535 p16,470 p-65

Service-producing1...................... 107,057 p107,179 107,210 p107,185 p107,143 p-42

Retail trade............................... 23,308 p23,228 23,289 p23,249 p23,145 p-104

Services.................................... 41,299 p41,419 41,385 p41,400 p41,473 p73

Government.............................. 21,270 p21,364 21,349 p21,365 p21,379 p14

Hours of work2

Total private........................................ 34.1 p34.2 34.2 p34.2 p34.1 p-0.1

Manufacturing................................... 40.8 p40.7 40.7 p40.6 p40.9 p.3

Overtime......................................... 4.1 p4.1 4.1 p4.0 p4.2 p.2

Total private........................................ 147.9 p147.9 148.1 p147.9 p147.6 p-0.3

Earnings2

Average hourly earnings,

total private................................... $14.81 p$14.94 $14.90 p$14.93 p$14.98 p$0.05

Average weekly earnings,

total private................................... 505.14 p510.34 509.58 p510.61 p510.82 p.21

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.

p=preliminary.

2002

Unemployment rates

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100)2

Employment

2002
3

employment-population ratio declined by 0.2 percentage point to 62.3 percent. Over the course of the

year, this ratio decreased by 0.7 percentage point. (See table A-1.)

The civilian labor force was about unchanged in December, at 142.5 million persons. The labor force

participation rate also was little changed at 66.3 percent. Over the year, the labor force participation rate

declined by 0.5 percentage point. (See table A-1.)

About 7.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in December. These

multiple jobholders represented 5.6 percent of the total employed, compared with 5.4 percent a year

earlier. (See table A-10.)

Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

About 1.4 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in

December, about the same number as a year earlier. These individuals reported that they wanted and were

available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as

unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.

The number of discouraged workers was 398,000 in December, essentially unchanged from a year earlier.

Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not looking for work specifically because

they believed no jobs were available. (See table A-10.)

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

Total nonfarm payroll employment declined by 101,000 in December to 130.7 million. Over the year,

payroll employment declined by 181,000, compared with a loss of 1.4 million in 2001. In December, job

losses in manufacturing, retail trade, and transportation were partly offset by job gains in services. (See

table B-1.)

The downward trend in manufacturing continued in December, as factories lost 65,000 jobs. Over

the year, factory employment declined by 592,000, compared with a drop of 1.3 million in the prior year.

Employment in manufacturing has declined by 2.4 million since April 1998, its most recent peak.

Factory job losses were widespread in December. Employment in transportation equipment fell by

13,000 over the month, with declines in both motor vehicles and aircraft. Job losses continued in industrial

machinery, electronic equipment, fabricated metals, rubber and miscellaneous plastics, and printing and

publishing.

Retail trade employment dropped by 104,000 in December. This followed a decline of 40,000 in

November. Employment in eating and drinking places, which can fluctuate substantially from month to

month, fell by 63,000 in December and has fallen by nearly a quarter million since its peak in July 2001. In

December, employment in general merchandise stores and in miscellaneous retail establishments (such as toy

stores) fell after seasonal adjustment, as holiday hiring was less than usual for December. Employment in

food stores continued to decline; this industry has lost 147,000 jobs since its most recent peak in May 2000.

Job losses also occurred over the month in automotive dealers and service stations, with half of these declines

in new and used car dealers. Furniture and home furnishings stores added 14,000 jobs over the month.

Employment declined by 23,000 in transportation; most of this over-the-month job loss was in air

transportation. The over-the-year decline in air transportation (-25,000) was much smaller than in 2001

(-139,000). The communications industry continued to lose jobs in December; since its most recent peak

in April 2001, communications employment has decreased by 157,000, or 9 percent.
4

Wholesale trade continued to lose jobs in December. Over the year, the durable goods component

of wholesale trade lost 71,000 jobs—about half the number lost in 2001. In contrast, employment in

nondurable goods wholesaling was essentially unchanged over the year.

Employment in the services industry rose by 73,000 in December. Over the year, job gains in services

totaled 590,000. Health services added 10,000 jobs over the month, half of its average monthly gain in

2002. This industry added 257,000 jobs over the year. Employment in help supply services increased by

19,000 in December, following declines that totaled 87,000 in the prior 3 months. The industry had added

167,000 jobs from February to August. Substantial job gains occurred over the month in amusement and

recreation services (28,000) and in hotels and other lodging places (16,000).

Job gains continued in mortgage banking; the industry has added 107,000 jobs since January 2001.

Real estate employment edged up over the month. Since June 2002, this industry has added 37,000 jobs.

Construction employment was essentially flat in December and has shown little net change since April.

Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)

The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged

down by 0.1 hour in December to 34.1 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek increased by 0.3 hour to 40.9 hours in December, and factory overtime was up by 0.2 hour to 4.2 hours.

(See table B-2.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm

payrolls declined by 0.2 percent in December to 147.6 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index was up by 0.4 percent over the month to 91.2. (See table B-5.)

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)

Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased

by 5 cents in December to $14.98, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings were little changed at

$510.82. Over the year, both average hourly earnings and average weekly earnings rose by 3.0 percent.

(See table B-3.)

______________________________

The Employment Situation for January 2003 is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 7, at

8:30 A.M. (EST).
5

 Upcoming Changes to Household and National Nonfarm Payroll Data Series

 Household Data Series

Effective with the release of January 2003 data (scheduled for February 7, 2003), several

changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) will affect estimates contained in the

Employment Situation news release:

• Population controls that reflect the results of Census 2000 will be used in the monthly

CPS estimation process. In addition, CPS data series from January 2000 through

December 2002 will be revised to reflect the introduction of the Census 2000-based

population controls. Annual average estimates for 2000, 2001, and 2002 also will be

revised.

• The questions on race and Hispanic origin in the CPS will be modified to comply with the

new standards for maintaining, collecting, and presenting federal data on race and ethnicity

for federal statistical agencies. A major change under those standards is that respondents

may select more than one race when answering the survey. Respondents will continue to

be asked a separate question to determine if they are Hispanic. The Employment

Situation news release will present data for persons who report they are white (and no

other race), black or African American (and no other race), and Asian (and no other

race). Data will continue to be presented for persons of Hispanic ethnicity separately.

Employment and unemployment estimates for Hispanic adult men, Hispanic adult women,

and Hispanic teenagers will be added to the release.

• The CPS will adopt the Census industry and occupation classification systems derived

from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System and the 2000 Standard

Occupational Classification system. These new classification systems represent complete

breaks in the time series for occupation and industry data. As a result, seasonally

adjusted occupation and industry estimates from the household survey will not be

presented until sufficient data have been collected to allow seasonal adjustment.

• The CPS program will begin using the X-12 ARIMA software for seasonal adjustment of

time series data. Because of the other revisions being introduced with the January data,

the annual revision of 5 years of seasonally adjusted data that typically occurs with the

release of data for December will be delayed until the release of data for January. As

part of the annual revision process, the seasonal adjustment of CPS series was reviewed

to determine if additional series could be adjusted and if the series currently adjusted

would pass a technical review. As a result of this review, some series that are currently

seasonally adjusted will no longer be adjusted.

• Because of the extensive nature of the changes listed above, the comparability of the

January 2003 data and those for earlier months will be affected. The A tables of the

Employment Situation news release will be reformatted to reflect the changes. The new

table shells will be available on request by e-mailing cpsinfo@bls.gov or by calling the

Division of Labor Force Statistics at 202-691-6378. Other questions about the upcoming

changes to the CPS data series also can be directed to this e-mail address and phone

number.
6

National Nonfarm Payroll Data Series

NAICS conversion. The nonfarm payroll series, produced from the Current Employment Statistics

(CES) program, will be converted from the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) basis to the 2002

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) basis with the June 6, 2003, release of May 2003

estimates. The NAICS conversion involves major definitional changes to many of the currently published

SIC-based series. After the conversion to NAICS, SIC-based series will no longer be produced or

published. Historical time series will be reconstructed as part of the NAICS conversion process. All

published series will have a NAICS-based history extending back to at least January 1990. For total

nonfarm and other high-level aggregates, NAICS history will begin in January 1939, the current starting date

for these series. For more detailed series, the starting date will vary depending on the scope of the

definitional changes between SIC and NAICS. The NAICS-based reconstruction effort will cover all CES

published data types: all employees, women workers, production workers, average weekly hours, average

hourly earnings, and derivative series (for example, indexes of aggregate weekly hours).

Completion of the CES sample redesign. June 6, 2003, also will mark the completion of the CES

sample redesign phase-in. The redesign converts the CES from a quota-based sample to a probability-based

sample. In June 2003, the services industries will be converted to the new sample design; all other private

sector industries have already been converted. The final stage of sample redesign phase-in may result in level

shifts for average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, production worker, and women worker series.

New levels for these series are being recomputed from the NAICS-based probability sample.

Concurrent seasonal adjustment. Also beginning in June 2003, the CES program will convert to

concurrent seasonal adjustment, which uses all available monthly estimates, including those for the current

month, in developing seasonal factors. Currently, the CES program projects seasonal factors twice a year.

With the introduction of concurrent seasonal adjustment, BLS will no longer publish seasonal factors for CES

national estimates.

Change to federal government series. Beginning in June 2003, the CES series for federal

government employment will be revised slightly in scope and definition due to a change in source data and

estimation methods. The current national series is an end-of-month federal employee count produced by the

Office of Personnel Management, and it excludes some workers, mostly employees who work in Department

of Defense-owned establishments such as military base commissaries. The CES national series will include

these workers. Also, federal government employment will be estimated from a sample of federal

establishments, will be benchmarked annually to counts from unemployment insurance tax records, and will

reflect employee counts as of the pay period including the 12th of the month, consistent with other CES

industry series. The historical time series for federal government employment will be revised to reflect these

changes.

Further information on upcoming changes to CES data series is available through the BLS public

database on the Internet, via the CES homepage at http://www.bls.gov/ces/, or by calling 202-691-6555.
Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the

Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current

Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household

survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and

unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD

DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by

the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

The establishment survey provides the information on the

employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that

appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This

information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation

with State agencies. In June 2002, the sample included over 300,000

establishments employing about 37 million people.

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular

week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is

generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In

the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period

including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the

calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences

between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire

civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of

questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and

over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or

not in the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as

paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least

15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as

employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of

illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal

reasons.

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following

criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were

available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find

employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need

not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon

the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed

persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not

in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed

as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the

labor force as a percent of the population, and the employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn

from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores,

as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on

nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing

sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and

establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among

the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the

employed. The establishment survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.

The establishment survey is not limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because

individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job.

In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job

and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation’s labor force and

the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or

expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and

closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very

large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of

the month-to-month changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern

each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by

adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make

nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or

increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to

spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force

each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place

relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of

students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for

the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change.

Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in

economic activity.

In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently

adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived

by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components;
this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained

by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons,

or more detailed age categories.

The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are

recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are

calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December

period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal

adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced

along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period.

In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are

subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather

than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent.

The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the

standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or

level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no

more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because

of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total

employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or

minus 290,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases

by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence

interval on the monthly change would range from -190,000 to 390,000

(100,000 +/- 290,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results

are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent

chance that the “true” over-the-month change lies within this interval.

Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with

confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the

reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within

the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this

case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise

had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 4 percent,

the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in

unemployment is about +/- 270,000, and for the monthly change in the

unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments

have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than

estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The

precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated

over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal

adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly

estimates.

The household and establishment surveys are also affected by

nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a

timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the

collection or processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most

recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for

this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is

only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly

all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered

final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment

survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment

generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation

of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as

bias adjustment is included in the survey’s estimating procedures,

whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly samplebased change. The size of the monthly bias adjustment is based largely

on past relationships between the sample-based estimates

of employment and the total counts of employment described

below.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are

adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll

employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March samplebased employment estimates and the March universe counts is known

as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey

error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for

total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from

zero to 0.7 percent.

Additional statistics and other information

More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and

Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per

issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check

or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by

charging to Mastercard or Visa.

Employment and Earnings also provides measures of

sampling error for the household survey data published in this

release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these

measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its “Explanatory Notes.”

Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the

establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that

publication.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired

individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message

referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2001

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Dec.

2001

Aug.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 212,927 214,819 214,968 212,927 214,225 214,429 214,643 214,819 214,968

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 141,912 142,405 142,298 142,314 142,616 143,277 143,123 142,733 142,542

 Participation rate ............................................................... 66.6 66.3 66.2 66.8 66.6 66.8 66.7 66.4 66.3

 Employed .............................................................................. 134,235 134,358 134,232 134,055 134,474 135,185 134,914 134,225 133,952

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 63.0 62.5 62.4 63.0 62.8 63.0 62.9 62.5 62.3

 Agriculture .......................................................................... 2,946 3,182 3,046 3,246 3,188 3,298 3,525 3,357 3,311

 Nonagricultural industries ................................................... 131,288 131,176 131,186 130,809 131,286 131,887 131,389 130,867 130,640

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 7,678 8,047 8,066 8,259 8,142 8,092 8,209 8,508 8,590

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.4 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.7 6.0 6.0

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 71,015 72,414 72,670 70,613 71,609 71,152 71,519 72,087 72,425

 Persons who currently want a job ......................................... 4,347 4,348 4,171 4,661 4,503 4,674 4,444 4,716 4,442

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 102,402 103,347 103,421 102,402 103,046 103,148 103,259 103,347 103,421

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 75,643 75,726 75,627 75,976 76,088 76,480 76,262 76,132 75,853

 Participation rate ............................................................... 73.9 73.3 73.1 74.2 73.8 74.1 73.9 73.7 73.3

 Employed .............................................................................. 71,311 71,261 70,968 71,577 71,552 72,004 71,854 71,348 71,173

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 69.6 69.0 68.6 69.9 69.4 69.8 69.6 69.0 68.8

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 4,332 4,465 4,659 4,399 4,536 4,476 4,408 4,784 4,680

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.7 5.9 6.2 5.8 6.0 5.9 5.8 6.3 6.2

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 94,161 95,158 95,251 94,161 94,756 94,906 95,020 95,158 95,251

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 71,862 72,013 72,045 71,988 72,203 72,473 72,342 72,185 72,067

 Participation rate ............................................................... 76.3 75.7 75.6 76.5 76.2 76.4 76.1 75.9 75.7

 Employed .............................................................................. 68,172 68,216 67,988 68,276 68,447 68,711 68,545 68,099 68,035

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 72.4 71.7 71.4 72.5 72.2 72.4 72.1 71.6 71.4

 Agriculture .......................................................................... 1,962 2,258 2,134 2,141 2,221 2,226 2,432 2,337 2,312

 Nonagricultural industries ................................................... 66,210 65,958 65,854 66,135 66,226 66,485 66,114 65,761 65,723

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 3,690 3,796 4,056 3,712 3,757 3,762 3,796 4,087 4,032

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.1 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.7 5.6

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 110,525 111,472 111,547 110,525 111,179 111,281 111,383 111,472 111,547

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 66,269 66,679 66,670 66,338 66,527 66,797 66,862 66,601 66,690

 Participation rate ............................................................... 60.0 59.8 59.8 60.0 59.8 60.0 60.0 59.7 59.8

 Employed .............................................................................. 62,923 63,097 63,264 62,478 62,922 63,181 63,061 62,877 62,779

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 56.9 56.6 56.7 56.5 56.6 56.8 56.6 56.4 56.3

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 3,346 3,582 3,407 3,860 3,605 3,616 3,801 3,724 3,910

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.8 5.4 5.4 5.7 5.6 5.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 102,492 103,499 103,572 102,492 103,256 103,335 103,416 103,499 103,572

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 62,521 63,054 63,087 62,481 62,783 62,929 63,045 62,906 63,005

 Participation rate ............................................................... 61.0 60.9 60.9 61.0 60.8 60.9 61.0 60.8 60.8

 Employed .............................................................................. 59,665 60,049 60,139 59,205 59,710 59,835 59,764 59,765 59,652

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 58.2 58.0 58.1 57.8 57.8 57.9 57.8 57.7 57.6

 Agriculture .......................................................................... 798 762 766 859 772 845 865 832 808

 Nonagricultural industries ................................................... 58,867 59,287 59,373 58,346 58,938 58,991 58,899 58,933 58,844

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 2,856 3,005 2,948 3,276 3,073 3,094 3,281 3,140 3,353

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 4.6 4.8 4.7 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.2 5.0 5.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................... 16,275 16,163 16,144 16,275 16,212 16,189 16,206 16,163 16,144

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 7,529 7,338 7,166 7,845 7,630 7,874 7,737 7,642 7,470

 Participation rate ............................................................... 46.3 45.4 44.4 48.2 47.1 48.6 47.7 47.3 46.3

 Employed .............................................................................. 6,397 6,093 6,104 6,574 6,318 6,639 6,605 6,361 6,265

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 39.3 37.7 37.8 40.4 39.0 41.0 40.8 39.4 38.8

 Agriculture .......................................................................... 186 162 145 246 196 227 229 188 191

 Nonagricultural industries ................................................... 6,211 5,931 5,959 6,328 6,122 6,411 6,376 6,173 6,074

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,131 1,246 1,062 1,271 1,312 1,236 1,131 1,282 1,205

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 15.0 17.0 14.8 16.2 17.2 15.7 14.6 16.8 16.1

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, age, and

Hispanic origin

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2001

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Dec.

2001

Aug.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 176,607 177,896 177,992 176,607 177,486 177,628 177,777 177,896 177,992

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 118,126 118,335 118,071 118,403 118,919 119,021 118,969 118,710 118,251

 Participation rate ................................................................. 66.9 66.5 66.3 67.0 67.0 67.0 66.9 66.7 66.4

 Employed .............................................................................. 112,459 112,585 112,311 112,388 112,844 113,010 112,882 112,562 112,165

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 63.7 63.3 63.1 63.6 63.6 63.6 63.5 63.3 63.0

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 5,667 5,749 5,760 6,015 6,075 6,011 6,087 6,149 6,086

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.1

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 60,779 60,864 60,789 60,875 61,240 61,212 61,101 61,056 60,809

 Participation rate ................................................................. 76.7 76.2 76.0 76.8 76.9 76.7 76.5 76.4 76.1

 Employed .............................................................................. 57,950 58,060 57,782 58,051 58,332 58,331 58,219 58,002 57,840

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 73.1 72.7 72.3 73.3 73.2 73.1 72.9 72.6 72.3

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 2,829 2,804 3,007 2,824 2,908 2,881 2,882 3,054 2,969

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.0 4.9

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 50,999 51,245 51,189 50,869 51,297 51,212 51,370 51,116 51,058

 Participation rate ................................................................. 60.3 60.2 60.1 60.2 60.4 60.2 60.4 60.0 59.9

 Employed .............................................................................. 48,974 49,219 49,198 48,591 49,076 48,994 49,053 48,974 48,808

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 57.9 57.8 57.7 57.5 57.8 57.6 57.6 57.5 57.3

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 2,025 2,026 1,991 2,278 2,221 2,218 2,318 2,142 2,250

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 6,348 6,226 6,092 6,659 6,382 6,597 6,499 6,538 6,385

 Participation rate ................................................................. 49.4 48.4 47.4 51.8 49.7 51.3 50.6 50.9 49.7

 Employed .............................................................................. 5,535 5,307 5,331 5,746 5,437 5,685 5,610 5,586 5,518

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 43.0 41.3 41.5 44.7 42.3 44.2 43.7 43.5 43.0

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 813 920 761 913 945 911 888 953 867

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 12.8 14.8 12.5 13.7 14.8 13.8 13.7 14.6 13.6

 Men ................................................................................... 14.3 16.1 14.2 14.6 17.5 15.3 14.4 15.8 14.6

 Women ............................................................................. 11.3 13.4 10.7 12.8 12.1 12.3 13.0 13.3 12.5

BLACK

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 25,752 26,116 26,148 25,752 26,000 26,039 26,081 26,116 26,148

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 16,851 16,843 16,983 16,833 16,753 17,053 16,940 16,820 16,958

 Participation rate ................................................................. 65.4 64.5 64.9 65.4 64.4 65.5 65.0 64.4 64.9

 Employed .............................................................................. 15,262 15,056 15,168 15,122 15,142 15,420 15,275 14,974 15,006

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 59.3 57.6 58.0 58.7 58.2 59.2 58.6 57.3 57.4

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,589 1,787 1,815 1,711 1,611 1,633 1,665 1,846 1,952

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 9.4 10.6 10.7 10.2 9.6 9.6 9.8 11.0 11.5

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 7,526 7,429 7,486 7,490 7,492 7,652 7,566 7,400 7,446

 Participation rate ................................................................. 72.8 70.8 71.2 72.5 71.7 73.1 72.2 70.5 70.8

 Employed .............................................................................. 6,840 6,662 6,685 6,811 6,834 6,944 6,829 6,596 6,652

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 66.2 63.5 63.6 65.9 65.4 66.4 65.1 62.8 63.3

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 686 766 801 679 658 708 738 803 794

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 9.1 10.3 10.7 9.1 8.8 9.3 9.7 10.9 10.7

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 8,453 8,546 8,645 8,456 8,414 8,465 8,460 8,522 8,641

 Participation rate ................................................................. 65.4 65.2 65.9 65.4 64.5 64.8 64.6 65.0 65.8

 Employed .............................................................................. 7,811 7,786 7,888 7,720 7,719 7,799 7,744 7,755 7,771

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 60.4 59.4 60.1 59.7 59.1 59.7 59.1 59.2 59.2

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 642 760 758 736 695 665 716 768 870

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 7.6 8.9 8.8 8.7 8.3 7.9 8.5 9.0 10.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 871 868 851 887 847 936 914 898 871

 Participation rate ................................................................. 34.9 34.6 33.9 35.5 33.9 37.4 36.5 35.8 34.7

 Employed .............................................................................. 610 608 595 591 589 677 702 623 583

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 24.4 24.2 23.7 23.7 23.5 27.0 28.1 24.8 23.2

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 262 260 256 296 258 259 211 275 288

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 30.0 30.0 30.1 33.4 30.5 27.7 23.1 30.6 33.1

 Men ................................................................................... 31.3 28.4 33.4 32.0 30.5 34.7 24.8 29.7 34.4

 Women ............................................................................. 28.5 31.5 27.3 34.8 30.4 20.8 21.3 31.6 32.0

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, age, and

Hispanic origin

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2001

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Dec.

2001

Aug.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

HISPANIC ORIGIN

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 23,478 24,194 24,255 23,478 23,999 24,065 24,129 24,194 24,255

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 15,994 16,265 16,276 16,013 16,240 16,294 16,216 16,347 16,261

 Participation rate ................................................................. 68.1 67.2 67.1 68.2 67.7 67.7 67.2 67.6 67.0

 Employed .............................................................................. 14,760 15,031 14,991 14,753 15,014 15,095 14,952 15,076 14,976

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 62.9 62.1 61.8 62.8 62.6 62.7 62.0 62.3 61.7

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,234 1,234 1,285 1,260 1,225 1,198 1,264 1,271 1,285

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 7.7 7.6 7.9 7.9 7.5 7.4 7.8 7.8 7.9

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical

numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

 NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals

because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in

both the white and black population groups.

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

(Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2001

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Dec.

2001

Aug.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 27,815 26,983 27,360 27,815 26,900 26,847 26,865 26,983 27,360

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 12,195 11,854 11,972 12,257 11,752 11,808 11,813 11,908 12,039

 Percent of population .......................................................... 43.8 43.9 43.8 44.1 43.7 44.0 44.0 44.1 44.0

 Employed .............................................................................. 11,099 10,775 10,796 11,173 10,762 10,883 10,778 10,819 10,894

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 39.9 39.9 39.5 40.2 40.0 40.5 40.1 40.1 39.8

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,097 1,079 1,176 1,084 991 925 1,034 1,090 1,145

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 9.0 9.1 9.8 8.8 8.4 7.8 8.8 9.2 9.5

High school graduates, no college2

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 57,520 58,454 58,103 57,520 57,778 58,097 57,949 58,454 58,103

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 37,036 37,360 37,275 36,856 37,203 37,533 37,380 37,220 37,042

 Percent of population .......................................................... 64.4 63.9 64.2 64.1 64.4 64.6 64.5 63.7 63.8

 Employed .............................................................................. 35,248 35,487 35,338 35,051 35,323 35,668 35,571 35,276 35,058

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 61.3 60.7 60.8 60.9 61.1 61.4 61.4 60.3 60.3

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,789 1,872 1,936 1,805 1,880 1,865 1,810 1,944 1,984

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 4.8 5.0 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.0 4.8 5.2 5.4

Less than a bachelor's degree3

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 45,362 45,964 46,074 45,362 45,494 45,386 45,898 45,964 46,074

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 33,563 33,602 33,565 33,521 33,184 33,599 33,510 33,454 33,402

 Percent of population .......................................................... 74.0 73.1 72.8 73.9 72.9 74.0 73.0 72.8 72.5

 Employed .............................................................................. 32,216 32,101 31,995 32,087 31,742 32,013 32,021 31,878 31,741

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 71.0 69.8 69.4 70.7 69.8 70.5 69.8 69.4 68.9

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,347 1,501 1,570 1,434 1,443 1,586 1,489 1,576 1,662

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 4.0 4.5 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.7 5.0

College graduates

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 46,877 47,835 47,863 46,877 48,583 48,557 48,334 47,835 47,863

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 37,071 37,582 37,705 37,101 37,996 37,997 37,896 37,665 37,727

 Percent of population .......................................................... 79.1 78.6 78.8 79.1 78.2 78.3 78.4 78.7 78.8

 Employed .............................................................................. 36,045 36,554 36,680 35,960 36,974 36,896 36,731 36,554 36,607

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 76.9 76.4 76.6 76.7 76.1 76.0 76.0 76.4 76.5

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,026 1,028 1,025 1,141 1,021 1,101 1,165 1,111 1,120

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 2.8 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.7 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.0

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical

numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Selected employment indicators

(In thousands)

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2001

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Dec.

2001

Aug.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

CHARACTERISTIC

Total employed, 16 years and over .......................................... 134,235 134,358 134,232 134,055 134,474 135,185 134,914 134,225 133,952

 Married men, spouse present ................................................. 42,879 43,258 43,107 42,772 43,371 43,225 43,376 43,172 43,064

 Married women, spouse present ............................................ 33,514 33,804 33,813 33,209 33,723 33,997 33,773 33,669 33,544

 Women who maintain families ................................................ 8,504 8,436 8,527 8,458 8,419 8,357 8,377 8,361 8,493

OCCUPATION

 Managerial and professional specialty ................................... 41,953 41,821 41,808 41,890 42,152 42,385 42,351 41,693 41,716

 Technical, sales, and administrative support .......................... 38,970 38,690 38,833 38,573 38,892 38,623 38,241 38,613 38,372

 Service occupations ............................................................... 18,408 18,963 19,148 18,532 18,771 18,884 19,393 19,021 19,303

 Precision production, craft, and repair .................................... 14,513 14,361 14,103 14,507 14,242 14,503 14,275 14,361 14,075

 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................................... 17,365 17,265 17,226 17,179 17,142 17,345 17,093 17,014 17,088

 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................................. 3,026 3,256 3,114 3,371 3,340 3,361 3,630 3,457 3,441

CLASS OF WORKER

 Agriculture:

 Wage and salary workers ..................................................... 1,715 1,920 1,833 1,879 1,927 2,054 2,186 2,038 2,003

 Self-employed workers ......................................................... 1,211 1,226 1,183 1,313 1,231 1,221 1,322 1,293 1,272

 Unpaid family workers .......................................................... 20 36 29 27 24 25 34 42 42

 Nonagricultural industries:

 Wage and salary workers ..................................................... 122,781 122,201 122,397 122,196 122,885 123,327 122,653 121,856 121,826

 Government ........................................................................ 19,418 19,578 19,438 19,183 19,596 19,442 19,423 19,384 19,207

 Private industries ................................................................ 103,364 102,623 102,959 103,013 103,289 103,885 103,230 102,472 102,618

 Private households ........................................................... 743 914 802 736 887 934 902 931 783

 Other industries ................................................................ 102,620 101,708 102,157 102,277 102,402 102,951 102,328 101,541 101,836

 Self-employed workers ......................................................... 8,406 8,874 8,713 8,524 8,368 8,439 8,582 8,910 8,801

 Unpaid family workers .......................................................... 101 101 77 92 87 91 94 98 71

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME

 All industries:

 Part time for economic reasons ............................................ 4,388 4,080 4,278 4,267 4,325 4,217 4,262 4,155 4,086

 Slack work or business conditions ...................................... 2,943 2,699 2,942 2,809 2,880 2,687 2,908 2,715 2,767

 Could only find part-time work ............................................ 1,117 1,127 1,069 1,161 1,159 1,202 1,130 1,190 1,096

 Part time for noneconomic reasons ...................................... 19,801 19,661 19,548 18,540 19,120 18,833 18,484 18,548 18,270

 Nonagricultural industries:

 Part time for economic reasons ............................................ 4,199 3,931 4,074 4,119 4,060 4,068 4,148 4,032 3,928

 Slack work or business conditions ...................................... 2,826 2,604 2,811 2,717 2,715 2,596 2,834 2,631 2,657

 Could only find part-time work ............................................ 1,103 1,103 1,046 1,138 1,131 1,174 1,097 1,158 1,068

 Part time for noneconomic reasons ...................................... 19,228 19,123 19,014 17,960 18,609 18,300 17,884 17,990 17,737

 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs

during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial

dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time

but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays,

illness, and bad weather.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Category

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates1

Dec.

2001

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Dec.

2001

Aug.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

CHARACTERISTIC

 Total, 16 years and over .......................................................... 8,259 8,508 8,590 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.7 6.0 6.0

 Men, 20 years and over ......................................................... 3,712 4,087 4,032 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.7 5.6

 Women, 20 years and over ................................................... 3,276 3,140 3,353 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.2 5.0 5.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .................................................... 1,271 1,282 1,205 16.2 17.2 15.7 14.6 16.8 16.1

 Married men, spouse present ................................................ 1,516 1,603 1,627 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.6

 Married women, spouse present ........................................... 1,280 1,318 1,325 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8

 Women who maintain families ............................................... 731 760 808 8.0 7.3 7.2 8.0 8.3 8.7

 Full-time workers ................................................................... 6,820 7,235 7,240 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.8 6.1 6.1

 Part-time workers .................................................................. 1,383 1,270 1,340 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.4

OCCUPATION2

 Managerial and professional specialty .................................. 1,233 1,342 1,398 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2

 Technical, sales, and administrative support ......................... 2,114 2,136 2,071 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.1

 Precision production, craft, and repair ................................... 889 984 984 5.8 6.2 5.8 6.3 6.4 6.5

 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ...................................... 1,738 1,651 1,784 9.2 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.8 9.5

 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................................ 264 278 223 7.3 9.3 8.2 6.9 7.4 6.1

INDUSTRY

 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .................. 6,839 6,858 7,091 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.3 6.5

 Goods-producing industries ................................................. 2,072 2,049 2,153 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.9

 Mining ................................................................................ 32 45 53 6.1 6.0 8.0 5.2 7.6 8.8

 Construction ...................................................................... 734 774 854 8.9 9.5 9.3 9.9 9.3 10.4

 Manufacturing .................................................................... 1,306 1,230 1,247 6.8 6.3 6.5 6.4 6.6 6.8

 Durable goods ................................................................. 846 795 815 7.2 6.5 6.9 6.5 7.0 7.2

 Nondurable goods ........................................................... 460 435 432 6.1 5.9 5.9 6.2 6.1 6.1

 Service-producing industries ............................................... 4,767 4,809 4,938 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.8 5.9 6.0

 Transportation and public utilities ...................................... 497 439 424 6.1 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.6 5.4

 Wholesale and retail trade ................................................. 1,963 2,046 1,936 7.1 6.8 6.9 7.3 7.5 7.0

 Finance, insurance, and real estate .................................. 244 277 307 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.6

 Services ............................................................................. 2,063 2,047 2,271 5.5 5.4 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.9

 Government workers ............................................................. 475 504 517 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.6

 Agricultural wage and salary workers .................................... 199 195 158 9.6 9.8 8.8 6.7 8.7 7.3

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available

because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular

components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

Table A-6. Duration of unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2001

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Dec.

2001

Aug.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

 Less than 5 weeks ................................................................... 2,641 2,744 2,455 3,024 2,880 2,708 2,715 2,904 2,783

 5 to 14 weeks .......................................................................... 2,749 2,462 2,544 2,724 2,431 2,511 2,471 2,490 2,496

 15 weeks and over .................................................................. 2,287 2,841 3,067 2,410 2,783 2,900 2,980 3,022 3,225

 15 to 26 weeks ..................................................................... 1,185 1,199 1,226 1,295 1,309 1,315 1,324 1,288 1,369

 27 weeks and over ............................................................... 1,103 1,642 1,841 1,115 1,474 1,585 1,656 1,734 1,856

 Average (mean) duration, in weeks ......................................... 14.8 17.7 18.9 14.5 16.2 17.8 17.5 17.7 18.5

 Median duration, in weeks ....................................................... 8.3 9.1 9.8 8.2 8.4 9.5 9.6 9.3 9.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

 Total unemployed .................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Less than 5 weeks ................................................................. 34.4 34.1 30.4 37.1 35.6 33.4 33.2 34.5 32.7

 5 to 14 weeks ........................................................................ 35.8 30.6 31.5 33.4 30.0 30.9 30.3 29.6 29.4

 15 weeks and over ................................................................ 29.8 35.3 38.0 29.5 34.4 35.7 36.5 35.9 37.9

 15 to 26 weeks .................................................................... 15.4 14.9 15.2 15.9 16.2 16.2 16.2 15.3 16.1

 27 weeks and over .............................................................. 14.4 20.4 22.8 13.7 18.2 19.5 20.3 20.6 21.8
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Reason for unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2001

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Dec.

2001

Aug.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs .......... 4,420 4,451 4,739 4,492 4,560 4,535 4,737 4,651 4,633

 On temporary layoff ................................................................ 1,183 915 1,173 1,107 1,151 999 1,054 1,031 1,085

 Not on temporary layoff .......................................................... 3,237 3,536 3,566 3,385 3,410 3,536 3,682 3,619 3,547

 Permanent job losers ............................................................ 2,463 2,769 2,738 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Persons who completed temporary jobs .............................. 774 766 828 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Job leavers ............................................................................... 814 778 778 908 824 781 838 822 868

Reentrants ................................................................................ 2,051 2,269 2,141 2,361 2,270 2,263 2,344 2,376 2,475

New entrants ............................................................................ 393 549 407 495 619 526 469 588 515

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ......... 57.6 55.3 58.8 54.4 55.1 56.0 56.5 55.1 54.6

 On temporary layoff ............................................................... 15.4 11.4 14.5 13.4 13.9 12.3 12.6 12.2 12.8

 Not on temporary layoff ......................................................... 42.2 43.9 44.2 41.0 41.2 43.6 43.9 42.9 41.8

 Job leavers .............................................................................. 10.6 9.7 9.6 11.0 10.0 9.6 10.0 9.7 10.2

 Reentrants ............................................................................... 26.7 28.2 26.5 28.6 27.4 27.9 27.9 28.2 29.2

 New entrants ........................................................................... 5.1 6.8 5.1 6.0 7.5 6.5 5.6 7.0 6.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ......... 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2

 Job leavers .............................................................................. .6 .5 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6

 Reentrants ............................................................................... 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

 New entrants ........................................................................... .3 .4 .3 .3 .4 .4 .3 .4 .4

1 Not available.

Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization

(Percent)

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2001

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Dec.

2001

Aug.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian 

labor force ............................................................................................................... 1.6 2.0 2.2 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the 

civilian labor force ................................................................................................... 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force

(official unemployment rate) ............................................................................... 5.4 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.7 6.0 6.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian

 labor force plus discouraged workers .................................................................... 5.6 5.9 5.9 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally

 attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally

 attached workers ................................................................................................... 6.3 6.6 6.6 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed

 part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

 all marginally attached workers ............................................................................. 9.3 9.4 9.6 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

1 Not available.

 NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range

published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons

who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are

available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers,

a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently

looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and

are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further

information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the

October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Age and sex

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates1

Dec.

2001

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Dec.

2001

Aug.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Total, 16 years and over ....................................... 8,259 8,508 8,590 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.7 6.0 6.0

 16 to 24 years ..................................................... 2,679 2,727 2,628 11.9 12.2 11.8 11.8 12.2 11.9

 16 to 19 years ................................................... 1,271 1,282 1,205 16.2 17.2 15.7 14.6 16.8 16.1

 16 to 17 years ................................................. 566 552 483 18.8 19.7 19.3 16.1 19.4 17.5

 18 to 19 years ................................................. 722 729 728 14.8 16.0 13.6 13.8 15.3 15.4

 20 to 24 years ................................................... 1,408 1,445 1,423 9.6 9.6 9.7 10.3 9.8 9.7

 25 years and over ............................................... 5,428 5,754 5,847 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.9

 25 to 54 years ................................................... 4,674 5,014 5,011 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.0

 55 years and over ............................................. 773 736 897 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.5 4.3

 Men, 16 years and over ...................................... 4,399 4,784 4,680 5.8 6.0 5.9 5.8 6.3 6.2

 16 to 24 years ................................................... 1,483 1,486 1,421 12.8 13.7 13.2 12.2 12.7 12.4

 16 to 19 years ................................................. 687 697 648 17.2 20.1 17.8 15.6 17.7 17.1

 16 to 17 years ............................................... 308 309 249 20.0 24.5 21.5 17.5 21.1 18.1

 18 to 19 years ............................................... 382 389 400 15.6 17.8 15.9 14.5 15.7 16.7

 20 to 24 years ................................................. 796 789 773 10.5 10.5 10.8 10.4 10.2 10.0

 25 years and over ............................................. 2,883 3,271 3,250 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.6 5.1 5.1

 25 to 54 years ................................................. 2,413 2,825 2,749 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.8 5.3 5.2

 55 years and over ........................................... 447 433 495 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.4

 Women, 16 years and over ................................ 3,860 3,724 3,910 5.8 5.4 5.4 5.7 5.6 5.9

 16 to 24 years ................................................... 1,196 1,241 1,207 11.0 10.6 10.3 11.3 11.6 11.3

 16 to 19 years ................................................. 584 584 557 15.1 14.2 13.5 13.6 15.8 15.1

 16 to 17 years ............................................... 258 243 233 17.6 15.1 17.2 14.7 17.6 16.8

 18 to 19 years ............................................... 340 339 329 14.0 14.1 11.1 13.2 14.8 14.1

 20 to 24 years ................................................. 612 657 650 8.7 8.7 8.5 10.1 9.3 9.3

 25 years and over ............................................. 2,545 2,483 2,597 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.6

 25 to 54 years ................................................. 2,261 2,189 2,262 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.9

 55 years and over ........................................... 326 302 403 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.1 4.2

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Total Men Women

Dec.

2001

Dec.

2002

Dec.

2001

Dec.

2002

Dec.

2001

Dec.

2002

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force .................................................................. 71,015 72,670 26,759 27,793 44,256 44,877

Persons who currently want a job ................................................... 4,347 4,171 1,943 1,967 2,403 2,204

 Searched for work and available to work now1 .......................... 1,318 1,417 629 765 690 652

 Reason not currently looking:

 Discouragement over job prospects2 ................................ 344 398 180 246 163 152

 Reasons other than discouragement3 ............................... 975 1,019 448 520 526 500

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4 ................................................................... 7,266 7,554 3,734 3,795 3,532 3,759

 Percent of total employed ............................................................... 5.4 5.6 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.9

 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ................................. 3,962 4,033 2,289 2,289 1,674 1,744

 Primary and secondary jobs both part time .................................... 1,566 1,724 495 500 1,071 1,223

 Primary and secondary jobs both full time ...................................... 272 191 149 126 123 65

 Hours vary on primary or secondary job ......................................... 1,427 1,563 777 856 650 707

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months

and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or

training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such

reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for

which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their

secondary job(s), not shown separately.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2001

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002p Dec.2002p Dec.2001

Aug.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002p Dec.2002p

Total .................................................. 131,703 131,787 131,845 131,504 130,890 130,913 130,829 130,898 130,810 130,709

Total private ............................................ 110,247 110,139 110,020 109,780 109,768 109,624 109,536 109,549 109,445 109,330

Goods-producing .................................................. 24,181 23,960 23,757 23,485 24,261 23,801 23,748 23,688 23,625 23,566

Mining ............................................................... 562 560 554 550 565 555 552 552 550 553

Metal mining ................................................. 32.5 32.2 32.2 31.9 33 32 32 32 32 32

Coal mining ................................................... 82.9 78.4 78.6 78.2 82 79 79 78 78 78

Oil and gas extraction ................................... 338.8 334.5 331.7 334.1 339 333 330 331 331 335

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ............... 108.1 114.5 111.3 105.3 111 111 111 111 109 108

Construction ..................................................... 6,532 6,755 6,644 6,448 6,634 6,556 6,556 6,544 6,540 6,543

General building contractors ......................... 1,448.7 1,504.5 1,493.0 1,468.4 1,459 1,460 1,469 1,475 1,480 1,477

Heavy construction, except building ............. 884.2 957.7 911.8 842.7 924 898 898 893 884 879

Special trade contractors .............................. 4,199.2 4,292.6 4,239.5 4,136.9 4,251 4,198 4,189 4,176 4,176 4,187

Manufacturing ................................................... 17,087 16,645 16,559 16,487 17,062 16,690 16,640 16,592 16,535 16,470

Production workers ................................... 11,451 11,188 11,113 11,048 11,437 11,212 11,164 11,134 11,084 11,039

Durable goods ................................................ 10,189 9,810 9,760 9,724 10,166 9,889 9,832 9,800 9,756 9,710

Production workers ................................... 6,770 6,533 6,496 6,464 6,753 6,591 6,539 6,522 6,485 6,453

Lumber and wood products .......................... 768.7 771.8 763.3 757.2 770 768 764 764 761 759

Furniture and fixtures .................................... 493.3 485.4 483.2 478.6 494 495 488 488 486 481

Stone, clay, and glass products .................... 554.6 564.0 559.5 550.2 558 557 558 557 555 553

Primary metal industries ............................... 619.2 584.3 582.6 582.3 617 589 586 582 582 581

Blast furnaces and basic steel products ... 200.1 187.7 186.5 187.5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)

Fabricated metal products ............................ 1,442.4 1,413.4 1,402.6 1,398.5 1,437 1,418 1,412 1,409 1,400 1,394

Industrial machinery and equipment ............. 1,888.3 1,790.0 1,783.4 1,783.8 1,887 1,810 1,801 1,797 1,790 1,784

Computer and office equipment ............... 321.7 294.4 292.7 292.4 322 296 296 295 294 292

Electronic and other electrical equipment ..... 1,505.2 1,379.9 1,368.0 1,367.1 1,499 1,408 1,392 1,381 1,369 1,363

Electronic components and accessories .. 600.0 541.6 535.9 532.6 595 555 550 544 536 531

Transportation equipment ............................. 1,720.4 1,655.3 1,650.8 1,644.4 1,709 1,675 1,661 1,659 1,647 1,634

Motor vehicles and equipment .................. 927.8 908.9 911.7 910.2 920 918 912 914 908 900

Aircraft and parts ...................................... 451.1 398.9 393.7 389.0 449 407 400 396 391 387

Instruments and related products ................. 822.1 791.9 789.1 789.4 822 799 798 793 792 790

Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 374.9 373.9 377.1 372.7 373 370 372 370 374 371

Nondurable goods .......................................... 6,898 6,835 6,799 6,763 6,896 6,801 6,808 6,792 6,779 6,760

Production workers ................................... 4,681 4,655 4,617 4,584 4,684 4,621 4,625 4,612 4,599 4,586

Food and kindred products ........................... 1,679.1 1,723.0 1,694.8 1,679.0 1,685 1,683 1,694 1,690 1,685 1,685

Tobacco products ......................................... 35.4 38.0 37.9 36.9 34 38 37 37 36 35

Textile mill products ...................................... 447.8 427.1 423.4 424.7 448 427 426 426 423 425

Apparel and other textile products ................ 535.3 512.4 512.7 505.1 537 524 516 510 510 508

Paper and allied products ............................. 625.7 614.3 612.2 611.4 624 613 612 614 611 609

Printing and publishing ................................. 1,453.3 1,404.2 1,406.7 1,405.7 1,444 1,401 1,403 1,401 1,401 1,395

Chemicals and allied products ...................... 1,011.0 1,005.4 1,007.1 1,005.9 1,012 1,006 1,010 1,006 1,007 1,007

Petroleum and coal products ........................ 124.3 127.1 125.8 123.4 126 125 126 125 126 125

Rubber and misc. plastics products .............. 930.5 926.9 923.3 917.3 930 929 927 926 925 917

Leather and leather products ........................ 55.7 56.5 55.5 53.4 56 55 57 57 55 54

Service-producing ................................................. 107,522 107,827 108,088 108,019 106,629 107,112 107,081 107,210 107,185 107,143

Transportation and public utilities ..................... 6,918 6,770 6,756 6,740 6,856 6,765 6,725 6,727 6,718 6,691

Transportation .............................................. 4,394 4,342 4,332 4,323 4,332 4,323 4,293 4,300 4,298 4,275

Railroad transportation ............................. 233.1 225.7 225.0 224.0 233 228 226 225 224 224

Local and interurban passenger transit .... 498.1 483.9 479.4 481.2 481 466 469 471 465 464

Trucking and warehousing ....................... 1,828.9 1,845.2 1,840.3 1,824.9 1,827 1,827 1,816 1,826 1,829 1,825

Water transportation ................................. 182.6 192.8 185.4 185.4 188 190 189 189 192 192

Transportation by air ................................. 1,207.7 1,160.2 1,166.7 1,173.9 1,159 1,176 1,160 1,156 1,151 1,134

Pipelines, except natural gas .................... 15.3 14.8 15.4 14.4 15 15 15 15 15 14

Transportation services ............................ 428.7 419.4 420.0 419.2 429 421 418 418 422 422

Communications and public utilities ............. 2,524 2,428 2,424 2,417 2,524 2,442 2,432 2,427 2,420 2,416

Communications ....................................... 1,677.9 1,585.4 1,586.1 1,578.6 1,679 1,597 1,588 1,585 1,582 1,579

Electric, gas, and sanitary services .......... 845.9 843.0 837.7 837.9 845 845 844 842 838 837

Wholesale trade ................................................ 6,714 6,673 6,653 6,646 6,702 6,671 6,663 6,657 6,643 6,637

Durable goods .............................................. 3,956 3,897 3,889 3,883 3,951 3,905 3,897 3,893 3,886 3,880

Nondurable goods ........................................ 2,758 2,776 2,764 2,763 2,751 2,766 2,766 2,764 2,757 2,757

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry-Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2001

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002p Dec.2002p Dec.2001

Aug.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002p Dec.2002p

Retail trade ....................................................... 23,969 23,327 23,625 23,787 23,318 23,295 23,291 23,289 23,249 23,145

Building materials and garden supplies ........ 1,036.4 1,068.9 1,069.2 1,064.0 1,050 1,066 1,067 1,071 1,080 1,080

General merchandise stores ........................ 3,157.0 2,869.7 3,049.9 3,119.0 2,853 2,850 2,856 2,851 2,830 2,820

Department stores .................................... 2,782.8 2,524.5 2,686.3 2,743.9 2,520 2,513 2,515 2,506 2,491 2,487

Food stores ................................................... 3,496.2 3,398.9 3,422.7 3,431.7 3,430 3,392 3,392 3,386 3,381 3,364

Automotive dealers and service stations ...... 2,429.3 2,444.5 2,429.3 2,407.2 2,438 2,443 2,438 2,438 2,430 2,416

New and used car dealers ........................ 1,127.9 1,133.6 1,128.5 1,118.5 1,131 1,130 1,131 1,131 1,128 1,121

Apparel and accessory stores ...................... 1,261.5 1,167.8 1,226.1 1,273.5 1,163 1,177 1,171 1,174 1,172 1,175

Furniture and home furnishings stores ......... 1,210.5 1,156.9 1,193.7 1,230.7 1,156 1,154 1,153 1,156 1,165 1,179

Eating and drinking places ........................... 8,145.3 8,125.4 8,066.9 8,021.6 8,190 8,125 8,129 8,140 8,129 8,066

Miscellaneous retail establishments ............. 3,233.1 3,095.2 3,166.8 3,239.4 3,038 3,088 3,085 3,073 3,062 3,045

Finance, insurance, and real estate ................. 7,735 7,788 7,800 7,811 7,748 7,745 7,773 7,803 7,810 7,818

Finance ......................................................... 3,821 3,841 3,856 3,865 3,818 3,822 3,837 3,853 3,856 3,858

Depository institutions .............................. 2,071.0 2,071.4 2,078.3 2,079.9 2,070 2,075 2,078 2,080 2,082 2,078

Commercial banks ................................ 1,443.6 1,444.4 1,448.3 1,449.9 1,444 1,448 1,450 1,452 1,451 1,449

Savings institutions ............................... 261.1 260.9 261.1 261.3 261 263 264 263 261 261

Nondepository institutions ........................ 754.0 794.1 804.4 812.2 752 773 783 797 802 807

Mortgage bankers and brokers ............. 352.1 394.2 401.6 408.4 352 374 382 396 400 407

Security and commodity brokers .............. 733.1 711.8 708.9 707.6 734 714 714 713 709 709

Holding and other investment offices ....... 262.9 263.3 264.2 265.7 262 260 262 263 263 264

Insurance ...................................................... 2,372 2,369 2,372 2,374 2,372 2,366 2,366 2,371 2,373 2,375

Insurance carriers ..................................... 1,592.6 1,574.5 1,574.8 1,575.3 1,594 1,574 1,577 1,578 1,577 1,577

Insurance agents, brokers, and service .... 779.7 794.2 796.9 799.0 778 792 789 793 796 798

Real estate ................................................... 1,542 1,578 1,572 1,572 1,558 1,557 1,570 1,579 1,581 1,585

Services2 .......................................................... 40,730 41,621 41,429 41,311 40,883 41,347 41,336 41,385 41,400 41,473

Agricultural services ..................................... 799.6 905.2 881.4 811.5 865 863 874 874 881 875

Hotels and other lodging places ................... 1,720.5 1,787.8 1,715.1 1,721.6 1,805 1,788 1,782 1,791 1,790 1,806

Personal services ......................................... 1,270.9 1,252.6 1,253.4 1,279.5 1,284 1,285 1,287 1,288 1,283 1,292

Business services ......................................... 9,326.0 9,490.2 9,418.0 9,343.3 9,265 9,395 9,330 9,324 9,310 9,301

Services to buildings ................................. 1,019.3 1,043.0 1,047.0 1,042.9 1,025 1,041 1,042 1,041 1,047 1,048

Personnel supply services ........................ 3,149.6 3,327.4 3,251.2 3,191.5 3,107 3,257 3,188 3,178 3,153 3,167

Help supply services ............................. 2,819.1 3,001.6 2,926.4 2,874.5 2,782 2,925 2,869 2,865 2,838 2,857

Computer and data processing services .. 2,222.9 2,186.4 2,190.8 2,187.1 2,219 2,191 2,190 2,196 2,194 2,183

Auto repair, services, and parking ................ 1,252.1 1,259.5 1,256.9 1,259.3 1,259 1,266 1,266 1,262 1,264 1,267

Miscellaneous repair services ...................... 375.0 379.8 378.9 376.9 376 377 378 378 379 377

Motion pictures ............................................. 575.1 575.4 581.2 584.4 574 588 595 591 590 583

Amusement and recreation services ............ 1,505.8 1,594.5 1,478.9 1,486.3 1,680 1,662 1,638 1,640 1,629 1,657

Health services ............................................. 10,544.9 10,754.8 10,790.6 10,802.9 10,530 10,711 10,729 10,755 10,777 10,787

Offices and clinics of medical doctors ...... 2,033.2 2,082.7 2,087.2 2,094.3 2,029 2,075 2,079 2,085 2,086 2,090

Nursing and personal care facilities .......... 1,874.6 1,900.4 1,908.5 1,907.9 1,871 1,893 1,896 1,899 1,905 1,905

Hospitals ................................................... 4,168.2 4,257.0 4,271.4 4,275.5 4,164 4,244 4,247 4,256 4,268 4,271

Home health care services ....................... 643.2 657.3 660.5 659.2 641 646 651 655 656 657

Legal services ............................................... 1,052.5 1,074.1 1,079.6 1,083.0 1,051 1,065 1,072 1,077 1,079 1,081

Educational services ..................................... 2,589.1 2,720.0 2,758.4 2,713.7 2,463 2,538 2,550 2,560 2,570 2,585

Social services .............................................. 3,149.6 3,208.8 3,222.6 3,226.7 3,135 3,203 3,199 3,201 3,208 3,213

Child day care services ............................ 737.2 743.8 744.6 740.9 723 736 731 730 728 727

Residential care ........................................ 889.8 907.3 910.7 914.6 891 906 906 909 912 915

Museums and botanical and zoological

gardens ..................................................... 106.8 107.6 104.0 103.5 110 108 108 107 106 106

Membership organizations ........................... 2,462.1 2,466.5 2,462.5 2,467.2 2,473 2,472 2,478 2,480 2,477 2,478

Engineering and management services ....... 3,607.8 3,654.2 3,658.6 3,662.3 3,621 3,634 3,659 3,666 3,668 3,676

Engineering and architectural services ..... 1,042.3 1,028.5 1,026.3 1,024.3 1,048 1,030 1,029 1,027 1,028 1,030

Management and public relations ............. 1,184.6 1,226.3 1,232.4 1,232.1 1,184 1,211 1,224 1,226 1,229 1,231

Services, nec ................................................ 48.1 46.3 45.0 45.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)

Government ...................................................... 21,456 21,648 21,825 21,724 21,122 21,289 21,293 21,349 21,365 21,379

Federal ......................................................... 2,600 2,641 2,654 2,648 2,615 2,611 2,621 2,649 2,658 2,659

Federal, except Postal Service ................. 1,757.7 1,834.8 1,839.7 1,835.2 1,776 1,792 1,810 1,840 1,850 1,851

State ............................................................. 5,027 5,083 5,107 5,058 4,932 4,948 4,958 4,955 4,963 4,963

Education .................................................. 2,241.9 2,296.0 2,328.2 2,283.0 2,124 2,145 2,163 2,160 2,165 2,165

Other State government ........................... 2,785.5 2,787.4 2,778.8 2,774.9 2,808 2,803 2,795 2,795 2,798 2,798

Local ............................................................. 13,829 13,924 14,064 14,018 13,575 13,730 13,714 13,745 13,744 13,757

Education .................................................. 8,072.9 8,075.3 8,200.4 8,183.9 7,723 7,837 7,808 7,829 7,821 7,826

Other local government ............................ 5,755.6 5,849.1 5,863.9 5,833.6 5,852 5,893 5,906 5,916 5,923 5,931

1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the

seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and

irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2001

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002p

Dec.

2002p

Dec.

2001

Aug.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002p

Dec.

2002p

Total private ............................................ 34.4 34.1 34.0 34.4 34.1 34.1 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.1

Goods-producing .................................................. 40.5 40.3 40.1 40.4 40.2 40.3 40.3 40.1 39.9 40.2

Mining ............................................................... 43.9 43.0 42.8 42.5 43.8 43.3 42.8 42.7 43.0 42.3

Construction ..................................................... 38.5 39.0 38.0 37.8 39.1 38.6 38.8 38.4 38.2 38.4

Manufacturing ................................................... 41.2 40.9 40.9 41.5 40.6 40.9 40.8 40.7 40.6 40.9

Overtime hours ......................................... 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.5 3.8 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.2

Durable goods ................................................ 41.6 41.3 41.2 42.0 40.9 41.2 41.3 41.2 40.9 41.4

Overtime hours ......................................... 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.5 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.2

Lumber and wood products .......................... 40.9 41.3 40.7 41.3 41.0 41.0 41.1 41.0 40.6 41.4

Furniture and fixtures .................................... 39.9 39.6 39.3 41.7 39.2 40.3 40.2 39.6 39.3 41.1

Stone, clay, and glass products .................... 43.0 43.9 43.1 42.8 43.4 43.3 43.4 43.4 42.9 43.2

Primary metal industries ............................... 44.4 44.6 44.7 45.3 43.7 44.3 44.2 44.7 44.3 44.6

Blast furnaces and basic steel products ... 44.3 45.9 45.8 46.7 44.4 45.8 46.0 46.2 45.4 46.9

Fabricated metal products ............................ 42.2 41.8 41.6 42.3 41.3 41.7 41.6 41.6 41.2 41.3

Industrial machinery and equipment ............. 40.9 40.4 40.5 41.4 40.1 40.8 40.7 40.5 40.3 40.7

Electronic and other electrical equipment ..... 40.3 38.5 39.2 39.8 39.4 38.7 38.8 38.3 38.7 38.9

Transportation equipment ............................. 42.7 42.8 42.6 43.6 41.9 42.2 42.6 42.6 42.3 42.7

Motor vehicles and equipment .................. 44.2 44.5 44.2 45.4 43.2 43.8 44.3 44.4 44.0 44.5

Instruments and related products ................. 41.3 40.7 40.8 41.6 40.6 40.7 40.8 40.7 40.5 40.9

Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 38.5 38.9 38.6 39.5 38.0 38.5 38.6 38.9 38.5 39.1

Nondurable goods .......................................... 40.7 40.3 40.5 40.9 40.1 40.5 40.2 40.1 40.2 40.3

Overtime hours ......................................... 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.4 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.2

Food and kindred products ........................... 41.5 41.4 41.7 41.9 40.9 41.3 40.8 40.8 41.1 41.4

Tobacco products ......................................... 41.2 40.6 39.7 40.4 40.5 40.3 39.9 40.4 39.6 39.8

Textile mill products ...................................... 40.4 40.7 41.0 41.6 40.0 41.8 41.2 40.9 40.9 41.2

Apparel and other textile products ................ 37.3 36.4 36.7 37.0 36.9 36.8 36.9 36.6 36.6 36.6

Paper and allied products ............................. 42.0 41.5 42.0 42.5 41.3 41.7 41.4 41.3 41.5 41.8

Printing and publishing ................................. 38.3 37.6 37.8 38.3 37.8 37.7 37.5 37.4 37.2 37.7

Chemicals and allied products ...................... 42.4 42.2 42.3 42.5 41.9 42.6 42.4 42.2 42.2 42.0

Petroleum and coal products ........................ 42.1 42.1 41.7 40.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Rubber and misc. plastics products .............. 41.5 40.9 40.8 41.5 40.8 41.2 40.8 40.9 40.7 40.8

Leather and leather products ........................ 37.0 36.5 37.3 37.4 36.9 35.7 35.6 36.3 37.0 37.4

Service-producing ................................................. 33.0 32.7 32.7 33.0 32.7 32.7 32.8 32.8 32.9 32.7

Transportation and public utilities ..................... 38.6 38.3 38.4 38.7 38.1 38.4 38.5 38.4 38.5 38.2

Wholesale trade ................................................ 38.7 38.4 38.5 39.1 38.3 38.5 38.5 38.6 38.5 38.7

Retail trade ....................................................... 29.3 28.9 28.8 29.5 28.9 28.9 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate ................. 36.7 35.8 36.0 36.8 36.0 36.2 36.1 36.0 36.2 36.1

Services ............................................................ 32.9 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.7 32.6 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.5

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;

construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in

transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,

insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for

approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm

payrolls. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the

seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and

irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Dec.

2001

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002p

Dec.

2002p

Dec.

2001

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002p

Dec.

2002p

Total private ............................................ $14.61 $14.92 $14.96 $15.05 $502.58 $508.77 $508.64 $517.72

Seasonally adjusted ............................. 14.55 14.90 14.93 14.98 496.16 509.58 510.61 510.82

Goods-producing .................................................. 16.23 16.60 16.59 16.68 657.32 668.98 665.26 673.87

Mining ............................................................... 17.58 17.81 17.81 17.77 771.76 765.83 762.27 755.23

Construction ..................................................... 18.69 19.14 19.07 19.25 719.57 746.46 724.66 727.65

Manufacturing ................................................... 15.17 15.42 15.48 15.59 625.00 630.68 633.13 646.99

Durable goods ................................................ 15.66 15.95 16.01 16.11 651.46 658.74 659.61 676.62

Lumber and wood products .......................... 12.42 12.60 12.56 12.65 507.98 520.38 511.19 522.45

Furniture and fixtures .................................... 12.56 12.68 12.74 12.93 501.14 502.13 500.68 539.18

Stone, clay, and glass products .................... 15.10 15.79 15.69 15.80 649.30 693.18 676.24 676.24

Primary metal industries ............................... 17.19 17.60 17.65 17.73 763.24 784.96 788.96 803.17

Blast furnaces and basic steel products ... 20.53 21.02 21.05 21.25 909.48 964.82 964.09 992.38

Fabricated metal products ............................ 14.56 14.84 14.90 15.03 614.43 620.31 619.84 635.77

Industrial machinery and equipment ............. 16.32 16.52 16.55 16.67 667.49 667.41 670.28 690.14

Electronic and other electrical equipment ..... 14.97 15.06 15.08 15.18 603.29 579.81 591.14 604.16

Transportation equipment ............................. 19.71 20.31 20.53 20.57 841.62 869.27 874.58 896.85

Motor vehicles and equipment .................. 20.19 21.12 21.42 21.39 892.40 939.84 946.76 971.11

Instruments and related products ................. 15.09 15.44 15.44 15.57 623.22 628.41 629.95 647.71

Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 12.39 12.42 12.45 12.54 477.02 483.14 480.57 495.33

Nondurable goods .......................................... 14.45 14.66 14.71 14.83 588.12 590.80 595.76 606.55

Food and kindred products ........................... 13.17 13.21 13.26 13.37 546.56 546.89 552.94 560.20

Tobacco products ......................................... 21.37 20.35 20.37 20.69 880.44 826.21 808.69 835.88

Textile mill products ...................................... 11.53 11.74 11.80 12.02 465.81 477.82 483.80 500.03

Apparel and other textile products ................ 9.60 9.97 9.98 10.11 358.08 362.91 366.27 374.07

Paper and allied products ............................. 17.26 17.58 17.64 17.78 724.92 729.57 740.88 755.65

Printing and publishing ................................. 15.04 15.30 15.33 15.40 576.03 575.28 579.47 589.82

Chemicals and allied products ...................... 18.88 19.32 19.43 19.50 800.51 815.30 821.89 828.75

Petroleum and coal products ........................ 22.19 22.48 22.57 22.68 934.20 946.41 941.17 918.54

Rubber and misc. plastics products .............. 13.69 13.77 13.79 13.95 568.14 563.19 562.63 578.93

Leather and leather products ........................ 10.29 10.08 10.26 10.53 380.73 367.92 382.70 393.82

Service-producing ................................................. 14.16 14.44 14.51 14.61 467.28 472.19 474.48 482.13

Transportation and public utilities ..................... 17.07 17.38 17.48 17.50 658.90 665.65 671.23 677.25

Wholesale trade ................................................ 16.21 16.27 16.33 16.46 627.33 624.77 628.71 643.59

Retail trade ....................................................... 9.89 10.14 10.14 10.18 289.78 293.05 292.03 300.31

Finance, insurance, and real estate ................. 16.14 16.53 16.68 16.80 592.34 591.77 600.48 618.24

Services ............................................................ 15.15 15.40 15.50 15.69 498.44 502.04 505.30 513.06

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry Dec.

2001

Aug.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002p

Dec.

2002p

Percent

change

from:

Nov. 2002-

Dec. 2002

Total private:

Current dollars ................................ $14.55 $14.83 $14.85 $14.90 $14.93 $14.98 0.3

Constant (1982) dollars2 ................ 8.14 8.14 8.14 8.15 8.15 N.A. (3)

Goods-producing .............................. 16.18 16.44 16.48 16.54 16.55 16.62 .4

Mining ........................................... 17.51 17.87 17.82 17.83 17.89 17.70 -1.1

Construction ................................. 18.60 18.90 18.98 19.00 19.01 19.16 .8

Manufacturing ............................... 15.08 15.34 15.35 15.44 15.44 15.49 .3

Excluding overtime4 ................. 14.39 14.59 14.62 14.70 14.71 14.73 .1

Service-producing ............................. 14.09 14.37 14.40 14.44 14.48 14.53 .3

Transportation and public utilities 17.04 17.28 17.36 17.38 17.47 17.47 .0

Wholesale trade ............................ 16.07 16.28 16.29 16.31 16.32 16.35 .2

Retail trade ................................... 9.89 10.09 10.10 10.12 10.13 10.18 .5

Finance, insurance, and real

estate ...................................... 16.06 16.43 16.53 16.57 16.71 16.71 .0

Services ........................................ 14.98 15.30 15.34 15.40 15.44 15.50 .4

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners

and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this

series. 

3 Change was .0 percent from October 2002 to

November 2002, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at

the rate of time and one-half.

 N.A. = not available.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

(1982=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2001

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002p

Dec.

2002p

Dec.

2001

Aug.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002p

Dec.

2002p

Total private ............................................ 150.1 148.7 148.3 149.4 148.1 147.9 148.3 148.1 147.9 147.6

Goods-producing .................................................. 106.7 106.0 104.1 103.4 106.6 104.9 104.4 103.7 103.0 103.4

Mining ............................................................... 54.7 53.3 52.3 51.5 54.8 53.7 52.7 52.3 52.1 51.5

Construction ..................................................... 175.0 184.7 176.6 168.8 181.5 176.4 177.2 175.2 174.3 175.3

Manufacturing ................................................... 95.2 92.3 91.7 92.5 93.6 92.5 91.9 91.5 90.8 91.2

Durable goods ................................................ 98.2 94.1 93.4 94.7 96.4 94.8 94.2 93.7 92.6 93.2

Lumber and wood products .......................... 133.9 136.3 132.5 133.1 134.6 134.2 134.1 133.8 131.6 134.2

Furniture and fixtures .................................... 121.5 118.7 117.0 123.4 119.5 123.5 121.0 119.2 118.3 122.1

Stone, clay, and glass products .................... 111.9 116.8 113.5 109.7 113.9 114.1 113.9 113.9 112.0 112.0

Primary metal industries ............................... 80.0 75.9 75.8 77.0 78.4 75.9 75.1 75.7 75.1 75.6

Blast furnaces and basic steel products ... 61.4 59.7 59.2 60.8 61.0 59.6 59.0 59.3 57.9 60.2

Fabricated metal products ............................ 111.9 109.2 107.8 109.1 108.8 108.9 108.2 108.3 106.3 106.1

Industrial machinery and equipment ............. 85.9 80.4 80.1 82.0 84.3 82.3 81.7 81.0 80.2 80.6

Electronic and other electrical equipment ..... 89.0 76.8 77.5 78.7 86.5 79.1 78.2 76.5 76.4 76.5

Transportation equipment ............................. 109.6 105.8 105.2 107.3 106.6 106.4 105.6 105.5 103.9 104.3

Motor vehicles and equipment .................. 146.5 144.4 143.9 147.5 141.4 145.7 144.5 144.6 142.5 142.8

Instruments and related products ................. 71.0 66.7 66.8 68.0 69.8 67.3 67.7 67.0 66.5 66.8

Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 90.5 92.3 92.2 92.3 89.1 89.9 90.8 90.8 90.6 90.9

Nondurable goods .......................................... 91.0 89.7 89.4 89.5 89.8 89.4 88.9 88.4 88.2 88.4

Food and kindred products ........................... 115.8 118.9 117.6 116.6 114.7 115.8 114.9 114.2 115.1 115.9

Tobacco products ......................................... 53.9 57.6 56.7 56.3 50.2 57.9 53.3 54.0 52.9 51.3

Textile mill products ...................................... 62.3 59.9 59.8 60.8 61.7 61.3 60.1 59.8 59.5 60.3

Apparel and other textile products ................ 44.9 42.2 42.4 42.1 44.6 43.4 43.1 42.2 42.1 41.9

Paper and allied products ............................. 97.4 94.3 94.9 95.8 95.4 94.5 93.7 93.6 93.9 93.9

Printing and publishing ................................. 112.8 106.7 106.8 108.4 110.2 106.2 106.0 105.7 104.7 105.7

Chemicals and allied products ...................... 95.5 94.7 95.0 95.0 94.5 95.6 95.3 94.8 94.5 94.2

Petroleum and coal products ........................ 70.7 73.1 71.5 67.5 71.5 69.4 72.9 72.0 71.2 68.2

Rubber and misc. plastics products .............. 135.2 132.8 131.9 133.4 132.9 134.4 132.9 132.8 131.6 131.2

Leather and leather products ........................ 23.4 24.7 24.7 23.2 23.8 21.9 24.1 24.5 23.9 23.6

Service-producing ................................................. 169.6 167.9 168.1 170.1 166.7 167.1 168.0 168.0 168.0 167.4

Transportation and public utilities ..................... 135.8 131.7 131.8 132.3 132.8 131.5 131.4 130.9 131.1 129.6

Wholesale trade ................................................ 126.9 125.9 125.9 127.7 125.4 126.2 126.1 126.3 125.6 126.4

Retail trade ....................................................... 152.4 146.1 147.8 152.7 145.9 146.0 146.6 147.0 146.9 146.3

Finance, insurance, and real estate ................. 142.2 140.5 141.4 144.8 140.0 141.0 141.4 141.6 142.9 142.4

Services ............................................................ 212.1 214.3 213.4 213.3 211.5 212.7 214.2 213.9 213.8 212.8

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 347 industries1

Over 1-month span:

1998 .......................... 62.4 57.5 59.1 60.2 57.5 56.8 54.6 59.1 57.2 53.0 57.9 56.8

1999 .......................... 55.3 58.6 53.6 58.4 55.5 57.8 57.1 54.8 57.1 57.2 60.4 58.1

2000 .......................... 55.9 57.5 57.9 51.2 50.1 55.8 57.8 51.4 52.4 52.4 53.2 52.7

2001 .......................... 49.4 45.7 50.3 42.4 47.3 43.2 44.5 42.5 42.4 40.5 39.3 44.1

2002 .......................... 47.3 41.4 49.7 47.8 50.9 49.4 48.6 48.8 49.3 48.3 p45.4 p45.5

Over 3-month span:

1998 .......................... 65.3 66.3 65.3 65.9 62.7 58.2 58.9 59.1 59.8 57.9 57.1 58.8

1999 .......................... 59.2 57.6 59.5 55.2 60.2 57.2 59.4 59.2 59.7 58.9 61.2 60.7

2000 .......................... 60.4 61.4 58.4 53.2 52.4 55.5 56.6 56.2 51.2 51.0 53.2 51.6

2001 .......................... 45.5 46.1 40.8 43.4 37.8 43.2 39.3 38.0 35.3 33.7 36.3 38.9

2002 .......................... 40.1 43.2 42.5 46.5 48.0 50.1 47.1 45.1 47.3 p45.1 p42.8 

Over 6-month span:

1998 .......................... 70.2 67.4 64.7 61.5 64.1 62.1 59.1 58.8 57.5 60.2 59.2 58.4

1999 .......................... 60.2 58.9 58.5 59.7 57.2 60.8 61.2 62.5 62.7 61.8 61.2 62.8

2000 .......................... 61.1 59.4 58.1 57.9 54.2 52.4 52.9 54.2 52.4 48.7 45.7 46.5

2001 .......................... 44.7 42.7 39.5 40.1 40.8 35.6 37.0 32.4 34.3 33.1 34.1 35.6

2002 .......................... 37.0 41.6 43.4 44.4 46.5 46.0 46.5 p43.1 p40.5 

Over 12-month span:

1998 .......................... 69.9 67.9 67.6 65.6 64.1 62.7 61.7 62.2 60.8 59.4 60.8 58.9

1999 .......................... 61.2 60.1 58.2 61.0 60.7 61.5 62.2 61.1 63.8 62.2 59.7 60.5

2000 .......................... 61.4 59.9 58.8 56.2 55.3 53.6 53.0 51.0 47.7 45.2 44.5 42.9

2001 .......................... 41.5 41.5 38.9 37.5 37.3 36.2 34.1 33.6 34.4 33.9 33.3 34.0

2002 .......................... 35.2 36.0 37.3 38.3 p40.2 p39.6 

Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1

Over 1-month span:

1998 .......................... 57.0 52.6 52.2 52.9 44.9 47.4 38.2 52.9 44.9 38.6 42.3 41.5

1999 .......................... 47.4 41.2 42.6 46.0 46.3 43.4 50.0 42.6 46.0 45.6 51.5 49.3

2000 .......................... 44.9 52.2 49.3 46.0 49.3 50.7 57.4 36.8 39.0 42.3 47.1 40.8

2001 .......................... 34.9 26.8 38.2 29.0 28.3 30.5 34.9 25.7 31.6 31.3 25.0 30.9

2002 .......................... 35.3 37.9 40.4 47.4 47.1 40.4 48.9 41.9 40.1 40.4 p40.8 p37.5

Over 3-month span:

1998 .......................... 59.2 57.0 54.8 51.8 48.2 38.2 41.9 43.0 43.0 38.2 32.7 40.4

1999 .......................... 39.3 39.3 39.7 40.1 41.2 43.8 44.1 46.3 42.3 44.1 47.8 45.2

2000 .......................... 48.2 48.9 48.9 44.5 46.7 52.2 46.0 38.6 29.0 34.2 39.0 36.0

2001 .......................... 21.3 21.3 18.4 23.5 19.9 23.2 17.3 19.1 16.2 18.0 18.4 18.0

2002 .......................... 24.6 30.1 37.1 38.6 40.1 41.2 38.6 34.6 32.4 p32.4 p29.8 

Over 6-month span:

1998 .......................... 60.7 54.4 49.3 40.1 45.2 42.6 39.0 38.2 34.6 41.2 35.7 33.1

1999 .......................... 36.4 36.0 37.5 40.4 37.5 42.3 43.0 44.5 48.2 43.0 44.5 47.4

2000 .......................... 47.8 45.2 44.5 50.0 41.9 37.9 36.0 35.3 32.4 26.1 21.3 21.7

2001 .......................... 20.2 16.9 14.0 16.2 16.5 13.2 14.7 11.8 14.0 13.2 17.6 16.5

2002 .......................... 19.9 26.8 29.8 38.2 36.4 34.2 31.6 p27.9 p26.5 

Over 12-month span:

1998 .......................... 54.8 52.2 51.8 46.7 40.4 40.1 38.2 37.5 36.4 34.6 35.7 34.2

1999 .......................... 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 44.5 43.4 44.5

2000 .......................... 49.3 44.1 39.3 36.8 35.3 34.2 33.8 28.7 22.1 19.1 17.6 14.0

2001 .......................... 13.6 13.6 13.6 15.4 12.1 11.0 11.0 11.0 12.9 12.9 14.0 13.6

2002 .......................... 18.0 18.0 20.2 20.2 p24.6 p21.7 

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and

unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. 

p = preliminary.

 NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus

one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent

indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing

employment.