Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-21-0158 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, February 5, 2021

Technical information: 

Household data: cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — JANUARY 2021

The unemployment rate fell by 0.4 percentage point to 6.3 percent in January, while nonfarm payroll

employment changed little (+49,000), the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The labor 

market continued to reflect the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain 

it. In January, notable job gains in professional and business services and in both public and private

education were offset by losses in leisure and hospitality, in retail trade, in health care, and in 

transportation and warehousing. 

Changes to The Employment Situation Data

Establishment survey data have been revised as a result of the annual benchmarking process and the 

updating of seasonal adjustment factors. Also, household survey data for January 2021 reflect updated 

population estimates. See the notes beginning on page 6 for more information about these changes. 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

January 2019 – January 2021

Percent

125,000

130,000

135,000

140,000

145,000

150,000

155,000

160,000

Jan-19 Apr-19 Jul-19 Oct-19 Jan-20 Apr-20 Jul-20 Oct-20 Jan-21

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

January 2019 – January 2021

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Jan-19 Apr-19 Jul-19 Oct-19 Jan-20 Apr-20 Jul-20 Oct-20 Jan-21
 

-2-

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

In January, the unemployment rate fell by 0.4 percentage point to 6.3 percent, and the number of 

unemployed persons decreased to 10.1 million. Although both measures are much lower than their 

April 2020 highs, they remain well above their pre-pandemic levels in February 2020 (3.5 percent and 

5.7 million, respectively). (See table A-1. See the note at the end of the news release and tables B and C

for information about annual population adjustments to the household survey estimates. See the box note 

on page 5 for more information about how the household survey and its measures were affected by the 

coronavirus pandemic.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates declined over the month for adult men (6.0 

percent), adult women (6.0 percent), Whites (5.7 percent), and Hispanics (8.6 percent). The jobless rates 

changed little for teenagers (14.8 percent), Blacks (9.2 percent), and Asians (6.6 percent). (See tables 

A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff decreased in January to 2.7 

million. This measure is down considerably from the recent high of 18.0 million in April but is 2.0 

million higher than its February level. The number of permanent job losers, at 3.5 million, changed 

little in January but is 2.2 million higher than in February. The number of reentrants to the labor force 

decreased in January to 2.0 million. (Reentrants are persons who previously worked but were not in the 

labor force prior to beginning their job search.) (See table A-11.) 

In January, the number of persons jobless less than 5 weeks decreased to 2.3 million. The number of 

long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 4.0 million, was about unchanged in 

January and accounted for 39.5 percent of the total unemployed. (See table A-12.) 

After accounting for the annual adjustments to the population controls, both the civilian labor force and 

the number of employed persons changed little in January. At 61.4 percent, the labor force

participation rate was about unchanged over the month but is 1.9 percentage points lower than its 

February level. The employment-population ratio, at 57.5 percent in January, changed little over the 

month but is 3.6 percentage points lower than in February. (See table A-1. For additional information 

about the effects of the population adjustments, see table C.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 6.0 million, changed little in 

January. This measure is 1.6 million higher than the February level. These individuals, who would have 

preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they 

were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 7.0 million, edged down in 

January but is 1.9 million higher than in February. These individuals were not counted as unemployed 

because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4 weeks or were unavailable to take a 

job. (See table A-1.) 
 

-3-

The number of persons marginally attached to the labor force, at 1.9 million, decreased in January. 

These individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 

months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged 

workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, was 

little changed over the month at 624,000. (See Summary table A.) 

Household Survey Supplemental Data 

In January, the share of employed persons who teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic

edged down to 23.2 percent. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked at home 

for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically because of the pandemic. 

In January, 14.8 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer 

closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at 

some point in the last 4 weeks due to the pandemic. This measure is 1.1 million lower than in December. 

Among those who reported in January that they were unable to work because of pandemic-related 

closures or lost business, 12.7 percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours 

not worked, little changed from the previous month. 

Among those not in the labor force in January, 4.7 million persons were prevented from looking for 

work due to the pandemic; this measure is little changed from December. (To be counted as 

unemployed, by definition, individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.) 

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May 2020 to 

help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables 

with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at 

www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment changed little in January (+49,000) but is below its February 2020 

level by 9.9 million, or 6.5 percent. In January, notable job gains in professional and business services 

and in both public and private education were offset by losses in leisure and hospitality, in retail trade, in 

health care, and in transportation and warehousing. (See table B-1. See the note on page 6 and table A 

for information about the annual benchmark process. See the box note on page 5 for more information 

about how the establishment survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.) 

In January, employment in professional and business services rose by 97,000, with temporary help 

services accounting for most of the gain (+81,000). Job growth also occurred in management and 

technical consulting services (+16,000), computer systems design and related services (+11,000), and 

scientific research and development services (+10,000). These gains were partially offset by job losses 

in services to buildings and dwellings (-14,000) and in advertising and related services (-6,000). Since 

February, employment in professional and business services is down by 825,000. 

In January, employment increased in local government education (+49,000), state government 

education (+36,000), and private education (+34,000). In both public and private education, pandemicrelated employment declines in 2020 distorted the normal seasonal buildup and layoff patterns. This 

likely contributed to the job gains in January (after seasonal adjustment). 
 

-4-

Wholesale trade continued to add jobs in January (+14,000). However, employment in the industry is 

263,000 below its February level. 

In January, employment in mining increased by 9,000, with a gain of 8,000 in support activities for 

mining. Mining employment is down by 133,000 since a recent peak in January 2019, though 

employment in the industry showed little change for several months prior to the uptick in January. 

In January, employment in leisure and hospitality declined by 61,000, following a steep decline in

December (-536,000). In January, employment edged down in amusements, gambling, and recreation 

(-27,000) and in accommodation (-18,000). Employment in food services and drinking places continued 

to trend down (-19,000). Employment in leisure and hospitality fell by 8.2 million during March and 

April, increased by 4.9 million from May to November, and then declined by 597,000 over the past 2 

months. Since February, employment in leisure and hospitality is down by 3.9 million, or 22.9 percent. 

Retail trade lost 38,000 jobs in January, after adding 135,000 jobs in December. Over the month, 

employment declined in general merchandise stores (-38,000), electronics and appliance stores 

(-29,000), and nonstore retailers (-15,000). These job losses were partially offset by gains in food and 

beverage stores (+15,000), clothing and clothing accessories stores (+15,000), and health and personal 

care stores (+14,000). Employment in retail trade is 383,000 lower than in February. 

Employment in health care declined by 30,000 in January. Within the industry, job losses occurred in 

nursing care facilities (-19,000), home health care services (-13,000), and community care facilities for 

the elderly (-7,000). Since February, health care employment is down by 542,000. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing declined by 28,000 in January and is 164,000 lower 

than in February. In January, job losses occurred in warehousing and storage (-17,000) and in couriers 

and messengers (-14,000); however, employment in these industries is higher than in February by 

97,000 and 137,000, respectively. Employment in air transportation increased by 15,000 over the month 

but is 105,000 lower than in February. 

Employment in manufacturing changed little over the month (-10,000), following 8 months of growth. 

Within the industry, durable goods lost 17,000 jobs in January. Employment in manufacturing is up by 

803,000 since April but is 582,000 lower than in February. 

Construction employment changed little over the month (-3,000), after increasing for 8 consecutive 

months. However, employment in the industry is down by 256,000 since February. 

In January, employment changed little in other major industries, including information, financial 

activities, and other services. 

In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 6 

cents to $29.96. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees, 

at $25.18, changed little (+3 cents). The large employment fluctuations over the past several months— 

especially in industries with lower-paid workers—complicate the analysis of recent trends in average 

hourly earnings. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.3 hour to 35.0 

hours in January. In manufacturing, the workweek also increased by 0.3 hour to 40.4 hours, and 
 

-5-

overtime was unchanged at 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 

employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.2 hour to 34.4 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for November was revised down by 72,000, from 

+336,000 to +264,000, and the change for December was revised down by 87,000, from -140,000 to 

-227,000. With these revisions, employment in November and December combined was 159,000 lower

than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and 

government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. 

The annual benchmark process also contributed to the November and December revisions.) 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on Friday, March 5, 2021, at 

8:30 a.m. (ET).

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on January 2021 Household and Establishment Survey Data

Data collection for both surveys was affected by the pandemic. In the establishment survey, more data 

continued to be collected by web than in months prior to the pandemic. In the household survey, for the 

safety of both interviewers and respondents, in-person interviews were conducted only when telephone 

interviews could not be done. 

Since March 2020, household survey interviewers have been instructed to classify employed persons 

absent from work due to temporary, pandemic-related business closures or cutbacks as unemployed on 

temporary layoff. As in earlier months, some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been 

classified as unemployed on temporary layoff were instead misclassified as employed but not at work. 

However, the share of responses that may have been misclassified was highest in the early months of the 

pandemic and has been considerably lower in recent months. 

For March through December, BLS published an estimate of what the unemployment rate might have 

been had misclassified workers been included among the unemployed. Repeating this same approach, 

the seasonally adjusted January unemployment rate would have been 0.6 percentage point higher than 

reported. However, this represents the upper bound of our estimate of misclassification and probably 

overstates the size of the misclassification error. According to usual practice, the data from the 

household survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain data integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to 

reclassify survey responses.

More information about the impact of the pandemic on the two surveys is available at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-january-2021.htm. 
 

-6-

Revisions to Establishment Survey Data

In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data released today have been 

benchmarked to reflect comprehensive counts of payroll jobs for March 2020. These counts are derived 

principally from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), which counts jobs covered 

by the Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax system. The benchmark process results in revisions to not 

seasonally adjusted data from April 2019 forward. Seasonally adjusted data from January 2016 forward 

are subject to revision. In addition, data for some series prior to 2016, both seasonally adjusted and 

unadjusted, incorporate other revisions. 

The total nonfarm employment level for March 2020 was revised downward by 250,000 

(on a not seasonally adjusted basis, -121,000 or -0.1 percent). Not seasonally adjusted, the absolute 

average benchmark revision over the past 10 years is 0.2 percent. 

The over-the-year change in total nonfarm employment for March 2020 was revised from +808,000 to 

+577,000 (seasonally adjusted). Table A presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a 

seasonally adjusted basis from January to December 2020.

All revised historical establishment survey data are available on the BLS website at

www.bls.gov/ces/data/home.htm. In addition, an article that discusses the benchmark and postbenchmark revisions and other technical issues is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

Table A. Revisions to total nonfarm employment, January to December 2020, seasonally adjusted 

(Numbers in thousands)

As revised

As 

previously 

published

Difference As revised

As 

previously 

published

Difference

2020

January......................... 152,234 152,212 22 315 214 101

February........................ 152,523 152,463 60 289 251 38

March............................ 150,840 151,090 -250 -1,683 -1,373 -310

April............................ 130,161 130,303 -142 -20,679 -20,787 108

May.............................. 132,994 133,028 -34 2,833 2,725 108

June................................ 137,840 137,809 31 4,846 4,781 65

July................................ 139,566 139,570 -4 1,726 1,761 -35

August........................... 141,149 141,063 86 1,583 1,493 90

September........................ 141,865 141,774 91 716 711 5

October.......................... 142,545 142,428 117 680 654 26

November...................... 142,809 142,764 45 264 336 -72

December (p).................. 142,582 142,624 -42 -227 -140 -87

(p) = preliminary.

Year and month

Level Over-the-month change
 

-7-

Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey

Effective with data for January 2021, updated population estimates were incorporated into the household 

survey. Population estimates for the household survey are developed by the U.S. Census Bureau. Each 

year, the Census Bureau updates the estimates to reflect new information and assumptions about the 

growth of the population since the previous decennial census. The change in population reflected in the 

new estimates results from adjustments for net international migration, updated vital statistics, and 

estimation methodology improvements. 

In accordance with usual practice, BLS will not revise the official household survey estimates for 

December 2020 and earlier months. To show the impact of the population adjustments, however, 

differences in selected December 2020 labor force series based on the old and new population estimates 

are shown in table B.

The adjustments decreased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional population in December by 

476,000, the civilian labor force by 200,000, employment by 180,000, and unemployment by 20,000. 

The number of persons not in the labor force was decreased by 277,000. The total unemployment rate, 

employment-population ratio, and labor force participation rate were unaffected. 

Data users are cautioned that these annual population adjustments can affect the comparability of 

household data series over time. Table C shows the effect of the introduction of new population 

estimates on the comparison of selected labor force measures between December 2020 and January 

2021. Additional information on the population adjustments and their effect on national labor force 

estimates is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-pop-control-adjustments.pdf. 

Population controls for veterans, which are derived from a Department of Veterans Affairs population 

model and are updated periodically, have also been updated with the release of data for January 2021. 

Historical data have not been revised. 

(Numbers in thousands)

Category Total Men Women White

Black or 

African 

American

Asian

Hispanic or 

Latino 

ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population........ -476 -223 -252 -203 -45 -226 -187

 Civilian labor force........................... -200 -100 -99 -46 -15 -135 -110

 Participation rate......................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

 Employed...................................... -180 -91 -89 -37 -14 -126 -99

 Employment-population ratio........ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

 Unemployed.................................. -20 -9 -10 -8 -1 -9 -12

 Unemployment rate..................... 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

 Not in labor force............................. -277 -123 -154 -157 -30 -91 -77

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or

African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose

ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2020 estimates by sex, race, and Hispanic 

or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted
 

-8-

(Numbers in thousands)

Category Dec.-Jan. change, 

as published

2021 population 

control effect

Dec.-Jan. change, after 

removing the population 

control effect 1

Civilian noninstitutional population........ -379 -476 97

 Civilian labor force........................... -406 -200 -206

 Participation rate......................... -0.1 0.0 -0.1

 Employed...................................... 201 -180 381

 Employment-population ratio........ 0.1 0.0 0.1

 Unemployed.................................. -606 -20 -586

 Unemployment rate..................... -0.4 0.0 -0.4

 Not in labor force............................. 27 -277 304

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

1 This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the over-the-month 

change in the published seasonally adjusted estimates.

Table C. December 2020-January 2021 changes in selected labor force measures, with adjustments for 

population control effects
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Change from:

Dec. 2020-

Jan. 2021

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 259,502 261,085 261,230 260,851 –

Civilian labor force........................................................... 164,455 160,536 160,567 160,161 –

Participation rate.......................................................... 63.4 61.5 61.5 61.4 –

Employed................................................................... 158,659 149,809 149,830 150,031 –

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 61.1 57.4 57.4 57.5 –

Unemployed............................................................... 5,796 10,728 10,736 10,130 –

Unemployment rate.................................................... 3.5 6.7 6.7 6.3 –

Not in labor force............................................................ 95,047 100,548 100,663 100,690 –

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 3.5 6.7 6.7 6.3 –

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.1 6.6 6.4 6.0 –

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.2 6.2 6.3 6.0 –

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 12.6 13.9 16.0 14.8 –

White.......................................................................... 3.0 5.9 6.0 5.7 –

Black or African American.................................................. 6.1 10.3 9.9 9.2 –

Asian.......................................................................... 3.1 6.7 5.9 6.6 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.3 8.4 9.3 8.6 –

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 2.9 6.0 5.8 5.7 –

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 5.7 9.2 9.8 9.1 –

High school graduates, no college........................................ 3.7 7.8 7.8 7.1 –

Some college or associate degree........................................ 2.7 6.3 6.3 6.2 –

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.0 4.2 3.8 4.0 –

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 2,575 7,468 7,210 6,997 –

Job leavers...................................................................... 828 698 743 653 –

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,831 1,968 2,250 1,963 –

New entrants.................................................................... 560 551 509 542 –

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,071 2,455 2,904 2,278 –

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,752 2,404 2,222 2,528 –

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 881 1,875 1,572 1,346 –

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,163 3,929 3,956 4,023 –

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,269 6,641 6,170 5,954 –

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,627 5,223 4,891 4,756 –

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,336 1,167 1,045 986 –

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 22,027 18,580 18,237 18,519 –

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,323 2,083 2,186 1,917 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 335 657 663 624 –

- December - January changes in household data are not shown due to the introduction of updated population controls.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 264 -227 49

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 359 -204 6

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 68 76 -4

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5 3 3 9

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 24 42 -3

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -17 41 31 -10

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -14 30 18 -17

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9.9 17.7 3.6 -5.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 11 13 7

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 291 -280 10

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 14.8 15.5 14.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -13.9 -2.1 134.9 -37.8

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.1 123.6 -24.1 -27.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.0 -0.6 -1.0 0.6

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 0 6 16

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 10 18 8

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 95 156 97

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.7 39.0 64.3 80.9

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 43 -31 -7

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.8 48.4 39.1 -40.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 10 -536 -61

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 -3 -18 7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 -95 -23 43

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 553 239 29

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 748 370 54

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.0 49.8 49.7 49.8

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 48.4 48.4 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.2 81.5 81.5 81.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 34.8 34.7 35.0

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $28.43 $29.61 $29.90 $29.96

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $975.15 $1,030.43 $1,037.53 $1,048.60

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.5 106.0 105.5 106.4

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 -0.5 0.9

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.5 150.0 150.8 152.4

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.1

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (257 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 64.4 61.9 48.1

Manufacturing (75 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.0 59.3 69.3 43.3

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 144,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 697,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 

(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259,502 261,230 260,851 259,502 260,742 260,925 261,085 261,230 260,851

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163,497 160,017 159,234 164,455 160,078 160,718 160,536 160,567 160,161

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 61.3 61.0 63.4 61.4 61.6 61.5 61.5 61.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,994 149,613 148,383 158,659 147,543 149,669 149,809 149,830 150,031

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.5 57.3 56.9 61.1 56.6 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,504 10,404 10,851 5,796 12,535 11,049 10,728 10,736 10,130

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 6.5 6.8 3.5 7.8 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,004 101,213 101,618 95,047 100,664 100,207 100,548 100,663 100,690

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,107 7,088 7,129 4,948 7,184 6,682 7,127 7,331 6,957

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,513 126,367 126,192 125,513 126,127 126,218 126,296 126,367 126,192

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,331 84,644 84,537 86,954 85,199 85,495 85,161 85,175 85,149

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.8 67.0 67.0 69.3 67.6 67.7 67.4 67.4 67.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,701 78,955 78,535 83,897 78,663 79,537 79,267 79,481 79,714

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 62.5 62.2 66.8 62.4 63.0 62.8 62.9 63.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,629 5,689 6,003 3,057 6,537 5,958 5,894 5,694 5,434

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 6.7 7.1 3.5 7.7 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,183 41,723 41,655 38,559 40,928 40,722 41,135 41,192 41,043

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,110 118,010 117,864 117,110 117,763 117,854 117,936 118,010 117,864

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,600 81,877 81,801 83,970 82,293 82,505 82,226 82,244 82,173

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.4 69.4 69.4 71.7 69.9 70.0 69.7 69.7 69.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,358 76,572 76,239 81,329 76,258 77,013 76,777 77,004 77,204

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 64.9 64.7 69.4 64.8 65.3 65.1 65.3 65.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,241 5,305 5,562 2,641 6,036 5,492 5,449 5,240 4,969

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 6.5 6.8 3.1 7.3 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,511 36,134 36,063 33,140 35,470 35,349 35,710 35,767 35,691

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,988 134,862 134,660 133,988 134,615 134,707 134,788 134,862 134,660

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,167 75,373 74,696 77,500 74,879 75,222 75,376 75,392 75,012

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.6 55.9 55.5 57.8 55.6 55.8 55.9 55.9 55.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,292 70,658 69,848 74,762 68,880 70,131 70,542 70,350 70,316

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 52.4 51.9 55.8 51.2 52.1 52.3 52.2 52.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,874 4,715 4,848 2,738 5,998 5,091 4,834 5,042 4,696

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 6.3 6.5 3.5 8.0 6.8 6.4 6.7 6.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,822 59,490 59,963 56,488 59,737 59,485 59,413 59,471 59,648

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,770 126,681 126,507 125,770 126,429 126,520 126,604 126,681 126,507

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,320 72,558 71,975 74,502 71,865 72,255 72,395 72,422 72,147

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.1 57.3 56.9 59.2 56.8 57.1 57.2 57.2 57.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,785 68,248 67,538 72,099 66,328 67,534 67,941 67,872 67,851

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.1 53.9 53.4 57.3 52.5 53.4 53.7 53.6 53.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,535 4,309 4,437 2,404 5,537 4,721 4,453 4,551 4,296

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 5.9 6.2 3.2 7.7 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,450 54,124 54,532 51,267 54,563 54,265 54,209 54,259 54,360

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,622 16,538 16,481 16,622 16,551 16,551 16,545 16,538 16,481

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,578 5,582 5,458 5,982 5,920 5,958 5,915 5,900 5,841

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 33.8 33.1 36.0 35.8 36.0 35.8 35.7 35.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,851 4,793 4,606 5,231 4,957 5,122 5,091 4,955 4,975

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.2 29.0 27.9 31.5 29.9 30.9 30.8 30.0 30.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727 789 852 751 963 836 825 946 865

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 14.1 15.6 12.6 16.3 14.0 13.9 16.0 14.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,044 10,956 11,023 10,640 10,631 10,593 10,630 10,638 10,640

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,918 201,749 201,588 200,918 201,515 201,610 201,685 201,749 201,588

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,487 123,828 123,054 127,121 124,202 124,672 124,038 124,208 123,727

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 61.4 61.0 63.3 61.6 61.8 61.5 61.6 61.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,058 116,479 115,454 123,258 115,510 117,146 116,665 116,703 116,699

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.8 57.7 57.3 61.3 57.3 58.1 57.8 57.8 57.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,429 7,348 7,601 3,863 8,691 7,525 7,373 7,505 7,027

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 5.9 6.2 3.0 7.0 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,431 77,921 78,534 73,797 77,313 76,939 77,647 77,541 77,862

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,925 64,407 64,287 66,146 65,001 65,123 64,648 64,593 64,550

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 69.6 69.5 71.8 70.4 70.4 69.9 69.8 69.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,599 60,561 60,252 64,299 60,780 61,314 60,844 60,872 60,988

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 65.5 65.2 69.8 65.8 66.3 65.8 65.8 66.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,326 3,847 4,035 1,846 4,220 3,808 3,804 3,721 3,561

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 6.0 6.3 2.8 6.5 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,255 55,048 54,489 56,304 54,568 54,866 54,717 54,980 54,529

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 56.7 56.1 58.3 56.3 56.5 56.4 56.6 56.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,639 52,116 51,581 54,796 50,813 51,761 51,765 51,871 51,739

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.5 53.7 53.2 56.7 52.4 53.3 53.3 53.4 53.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,616 2,932 2,908 1,508 3,755 3,105 2,953 3,109 2,790

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.3 5.3 2.7 6.9 5.7 5.4 5.7 5.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,308 4,372 4,278 4,671 4,633 4,683 4,673 4,635 4,648

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 36.1 35.4 38.3 38.2 38.6 38.5 38.2 38.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,821 3,802 3,620 4,163 3,917 4,071 4,056 3,960 3,972

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.3 31.4 29.9 34.1 32.3 33.5 33.4 32.7 32.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 570 657 508 716 612 616 675 676

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 13.0 15.4 10.9 15.5 13.1 13.2 14.6 14.5

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,184 33,516 33,493 33,184 33,420 33,453 33,486 33,516 33,493

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,702 19,919 20,087 20,802 19,942 20,123 20,165 20,055 20,189

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 59.4 60.0 62.7 59.7 60.2 60.2 59.8 60.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,327 18,066 18,124 19,524 17,558 17,955 18,087 18,061 18,323

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 53.9 54.1 58.8 52.5 53.7 54.0 53.9 54.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,375 1,853 1,963 1,278 2,385 2,169 2,077 1,994 1,866

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 9.3 9.8 6.1 12.0 10.8 10.3 9.9 9.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,482 13,597 13,406 12,382 13,478 13,330 13,321 13,461 13,305

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,351 9,166 9,281 9,412 9,124 9,224 9,217 9,222 9,348

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.0 64.8 65.6 67.4 64.7 65.4 65.2 65.2 66.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,754 8,245 8,346 8,875 7,975 8,166 8,184 8,265 8,468

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 58.3 59.0 63.6 56.6 57.9 57.9 58.4 59.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 921 935 537 1,149 1,058 1,033 956 880

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 10.0 10.1 5.7 12.6 11.5 11.2 10.4 9.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,662 10,041 10,152 10,652 10,093 10,169 10,242 10,088 10,138

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5 59.2 59.9 63.5 59.7 60.1 60.4 59.5 59.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,049 9,264 9,236 10,081 8,999 9,230 9,320 9,238 9,274

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 54.6 54.5 60.1 53.2 54.5 55.0 54.5 54.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613 778 915 570 1,093 939 921 849 864

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 7.7 9.0 5.4 10.8 9.2 9.0 8.4 8.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690 712 654 739 726 731 706 746 703

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.3 29.6 27.3 30.3 30.1 30.3 29.3 31.0 29.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 557 542 567 584 559 583 558 581

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 23.2 22.6 23.3 24.2 23.2 24.2 23.2 24.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 154 113 171 142 172 123 188 122

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.0 21.7 17.2 23.2 19.6 23.5 17.4 25.2 17.3

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,178 16,583 16,423 16,178 16,668 16,542 16,558 16,583 16,423

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,259 10,259 10,231 10,331 10,480 10,382 10,380 10,253 10,317

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 61.9 62.3 63.9 62.9 62.8 62.7 61.8 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,932 9,664 9,533 10,016 9,553 9,598 9,685 9,645 9,631

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 58.3 58.0 61.9 57.3 58.0 58.5 58.2 58.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 595 698 315 926 784 695 608 686

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 5.8 6.8 3.1 8.8 7.6 6.7 5.9 6.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,920 6,324 6,192 5,848 6,188 6,160 6,179 6,329 6,106

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Jan.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 43,742 44,639 44,521 43,742 44,388 44,475 44,559 44,639 44,521

Civilian labor force................................ 29,572 29,129 28,831 29,646 28,804 29,156 29,152 29,150 28,920

Participation rate............................... 67.6 65.3 64.8 67.8 64.9 65.6 65.4 65.3 65.0

Employed....................................... 28,066 26,442 26,120 28,364 25,834 26,582 26,688 26,436 26,437

Employment-population ratio............... 64.2 59.2 58.7 64.8 58.2 59.8 59.9 59.2 59.4

Unemployed.................................... 1,506 2,688 2,710 1,282 2,969 2,575 2,463 2,714 2,482

Unemployment rate......................... 5.1 9.2 9.4 4.3 10.3 8.8 8.4 9.3 8.6

Not in labor force................................. 14,170 15,510 15,690 14,096 15,584 15,318 15,407 15,489 15,601

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 16,096 15,854 15,765 16,109 15,859 16,080 15,951 15,856 15,789

Participation rate............................... 81.5 78.6 78.4 81.6 79.1 80.1 79.3 78.6 78.5

Employed....................................... 15,362 14,423 14,363 15,565 14,463 14,767 14,700 14,462 14,578

Employment-population ratio............... 77.8 71.5 71.4 78.8 72.1 73.5 73.0 71.7 72.5

Unemployed.................................... 734 1,431 1,402 544 1,397 1,313 1,251 1,395 1,211

Unemployment rate......................... 4.6 9.0 8.9 3.4 8.8 8.2 7.8 8.8 7.7

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 12,222 11,929 11,782 12,223 11,575 11,746 11,821 11,906 11,779

Participation rate............................... 61.1 58.4 57.8 61.1 57.0 57.7 58.0 58.3 57.8

Employed....................................... 11,637 10,874 10,702 11,679 10,306 10,688 10,851 10,820 10,743

Employment-population ratio............... 58.2 53.2 52.5 58.4 50.7 52.5 53.2 52.9 52.7

Unemployed.................................... 585 1,055 1,079 545 1,270 1,058 970 1,086 1,036

Unemployment rate......................... 4.8 8.8 9.2 4.5 11.0 9.0 8.2 9.1 8.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,253 1,346 1,284 1,314 1,370 1,331 1,380 1,388 1,352

Participation rate............................... 31.4 33.3 31.9 32.9 34.0 33.0 34.2 34.3 33.6

Employed....................................... 1,066 1,145 1,055 1,121 1,066 1,127 1,137 1,155 1,116

Employment-population ratio............... 26.7 28.3 26.2 28.0 26.5 27.9 28.2 28.6 27.7

Unemployed.................................... 187 202 229 194 303 203 243 234 236

Unemployment rate......................... 14.9 15.0 17.8 14.7 22.1 15.3 17.6 16.8 17.4

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 9,657 9,246 9,296 9,550 8,811 9,169 9,276 9,147 9,169

Participation rate.................................. 46.1 45.5 45.5 45.6 43.5 46.0 45.7 45.0 44.9

Employed.......................................... 8,946 8,288 8,297 9,009 7,872 8,258 8,418 8,254 8,337

Employment-population ratio................. 42.7 40.8 40.6 43.0 38.9 41.5 41.4 40.7 40.8

Unemployed....................................... 711 958 999 540 939 911 858 893 832

Unemployment rate............................ 7.4 10.4 10.7 5.7 10.7 9.9 9.2 9.8 9.1

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,878 34,751 34,169 36,189 34,974 35,479 35,163 34,925 34,506

Participation rate.................................. 58.1 55.2 54.7 58.6 55.0 55.8 55.4 55.5 55.2

Employed.......................................... 34,299 32,006 31,482 34,861 31,835 32,607 32,435 32,198 32,051

Employment-population ratio................. 55.6 50.8 50.4 56.5 50.1 51.3 51.1 51.1 51.3

Unemployed....................................... 1,579 2,745 2,687 1,328 3,139 2,873 2,728 2,726 2,455

Unemployment rate............................ 4.4 7.9 7.9 3.7 9.0 8.1 7.8 7.8 7.1

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,211 35,714 35,431 37,198 35,969 35,762 35,644 35,676 35,440

Participation rate.................................. 64.5 62.6 62.3 64.4 63.6 62.4 62.3 62.5 62.3

Employed.......................................... 36,088 33,538 33,142 36,181 33,056 33,409 33,387 33,430 33,257

Employment-population ratio................. 62.5 58.8 58.2 62.7 58.4 58.3 58.4 58.6 58.4

Unemployed....................................... 1,124 2,175 2,289 1,017 2,912 2,354 2,257 2,246 2,183

Unemployment rate............................ 3.0 6.1 6.5 2.7 8.1 6.6 6.3 6.3 6.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 60,237 60,174 60,473 60,192 59,861 59,530 59,620 59,940 60,391

Participation rate.................................. 73.8 72.1 72.3 73.8 72.2 72.0 72.2 71.9 72.2

Employed.......................................... 59,015 57,985 58,001 59,018 57,024 57,041 57,095 57,665 57,969

Employment-population ratio................. 72.3 69.5 69.3 72.3 68.8 69.0 69.1 69.1 69.3

Unemployed....................................... 1,222 2,190 2,472 1,174 2,837 2,488 2,524 2,274 2,422

Unemployment rate............................ 2.0 3.6 4.1 2.0 4.7 4.2 4.2 3.8 4.0

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2021

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,642 18,975 16,744 16,968 1,898 2,007

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,189 9,115 8,038 7,968 1,151 1,147

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.3 48.0 48.0 47.0 60.7 57.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,870 8,616 7,755 7,506 1,115 1,109

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.6 45.4 46.3 44.2 58.7 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 500 282 461 36 38

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 5.5 3.5 5.8 3.2 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,453 9,860 8,706 9,000 747 860

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,326 4,636 3,570 3,808 756 828

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,418 3,590 2,856 3,023 562 567

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.0 77.4 80.0 79.4 74.3 68.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,269 3,362 2,722 2,817 547 545

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.6 72.5 76.2 74.0 72.4 65.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 228 134 206 15 22

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 6.3 4.7 6.8 2.6 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908 1,046 714 785 194 261

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,167 3,274 2,674 2,779 493 495

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,403 2,499 2,087 2,164 317 335

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.9 76.3 78.1 77.9 64.2 67.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,342 2,410 2,030 2,081 312 329

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.0 73.6 75.9 74.9 63.2 66.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 89 56 83 5 6

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 3.6 2.7 3.8 1.6 1.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763 775 587 615 176 160

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,007 6,869 6,763 6,604 244 265

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,448 1,185 1,412 1,166 35 19

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.7 17.3 20.9 17.7 14.5 7.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,412 1,128 1,380 1,108 32 19

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.1 16.4 20.4 16.8 13.0 7.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 58 32 58 4 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 4.9 2.3 5.0 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,559 5,684 5,351 5,438 209 246

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,142 4,196 3,737 3,777 405 419

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,920 1,841 1,682 1,615 238 226

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.4 43.9 45.0 42.8 58.7 53.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,847 1,716 1,623 1,500 224 215

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.6 40.9 43.4 39.7 55.4 51.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 125 60 115 13 11

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 6.8 3.6 7.1 5.5 4.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,222 2,355 2,055 2,162 167 193

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232,099 233,094 104,393 104,699 127,706 128,395

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,311 148,213 77,416 75,652 74,895 72,562

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 63.6 74.2 72.3 58.6 56.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,350 138,151 74,189 70,229 72,161 67,922

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 59.3 71.1 67.1 56.5 52.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,961 10,062 3,226 5,423 2,735 4,639

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 6.8 4.2 7.2 3.7 6.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,788 84,881 26,977 29,048 52,811 55,834

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2021 data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2021

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,504 29,851 228,998 231,001

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,227 5,846 157,270 153,387

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.4 19.6 68.7 66.4

Employed............................................................................. 5,741 5,144 151,253 143,239

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.8 17.2 66.0 62.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 486 702 6,017 10,149

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.8 12.0 3.8 6.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,277 24,005 71,727 77,613

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,664 2,595 77,639 76,189

Participation rate..................................................................... 35.6 34.3 82.7 81.3

Employed............................................................................. 2,408 2,237 74,462 70,857

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 32.2 29.5 79.3 75.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 256 358 3,177 5,332

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.6 13.8 4.1 7.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,817 4,979 16,207 17,501

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,394 2,302 69,853 67,741

Participation rate..................................................................... 31.5 31.4 72.2 69.9

Employed............................................................................. 2,220 2,042 67,277 63,405

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.2 27.8 69.5 65.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 174 260 2,575 4,336

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.3 11.3 3.7 6.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,196 5,034 26,919 29,111

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,169 949 9,779 9,457

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.6 6.4 25.5 23.4

Employed............................................................................. 1,113 865 9,514 8,977

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.2 5.8 24.8 22.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 56 84 265 481

Unemployment rate............................................................... 4.8 8.8 2.7 5.1

Not in labor force....................................................................... 14,263 13,991 28,601 31,000

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2021

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 42,362 43,086 20,658 20,793 21,704 22,293

Civilian labor force.................................................. 28,189 27,549 16,241 15,932 11,948 11,617

Participation rate.................................................. 66.5 63.9 78.6 76.6 55.1 52.1

Employed.......................................................... 27,066 25,318 15,659 14,777 11,407 10,542

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.9 58.8 75.8 71.1 52.6 47.3

Unemployed....................................................... 1,124 2,231 582 1,155 542 1,076

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.0 8.1 3.6 7.2 4.5 9.3

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,173 15,537 4,417 4,861 9,756 10,676

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 217,139 217,765 104,855 105,399 112,284 112,367

Civilian labor force.................................................. 135,308 131,685 70,089 68,605 65,218 63,079

Participation rate.................................................. 62.3 60.5 66.8 65.1 58.1 56.1

Employed.......................................................... 129,928 123,065 67,042 63,758 62,886 59,307

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.8 56.5 63.9 60.5 56.0 52.8

Unemployed....................................................... 5,380 8,620 3,047 4,848 2,333 3,772

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.0 6.5 4.3 7.1 3.6 6.0

Not in labor force.................................................... 81,831 86,081 34,765 36,793 47,066 49,287

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,273 2,390 2,346 2,405 2,270 2,515 2,432 2,461 2,466

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,656 1,578 1,517 1,699 1,482 1,570 1,553 1,569 1,552

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 592 782 778 649 799 881 837 823 827

Unpaid family workers........................... 25 30 50 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 154,720 147,223 146,037 156,217 145,454 147,255 147,314 147,351 147,535

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 146,037 138,617 137,451 147,434 136,493 138,539 138,891 138,971 138,941

Government..................................... 21,694 20,762 20,914 21,460 20,466 20,678 20,418 20,709 20,689

Private industries............................... 124,343 117,856 116,537 125,886 116,299 117,939 118,525 118,123 118,102

Private households.......................... 801 636 622 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 123,542 117,220 115,915 125,147 115,601 117,304 117,902 117,472 117,532

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,633 8,540 8,515 8,846 8,675 8,690 8,570 8,638 8,721

Unpaid family workers........................... 50 66 71 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,732 6,245 6,404 4,269 6,283 6,668 6,641 6,170 5,954

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,057 5,003 5,185 2,627 4,881 5,298 5,223 4,891 4,756

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,340 972 981 1,336 1,120 1,135 1,167 1,045 986

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,929 18,678 18,407 22,027 18,990 19,465 18,580 18,237 18,519

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,605 6,133 6,284 4,130 6,197 6,552 6,582 6,082 5,824

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,962 4,919 5,102 2,549 4,823 5,227 5,176 4,819 4,691

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,337 967 980 1,333 1,112 1,113 1,163 1,037 986

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,564 18,283 17,993 21,669 18,589 19,029 18,182 17,846 18,112

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,994 149,613 148,383 158,659 147,543 149,669 149,809 149,830 150,031

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,851 4,793 4,606 5,231 4,957 5,122 5,091 4,955 4,975

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,774 1,693 1,616 1,936 1,786 1,824 1,797 1,785 1,784

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,077 3,100 2,990 3,314 3,162 3,295 3,277 3,192 3,222

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,143 144,820 143,777 153,428 142,586 144,547 144,718 144,876 145,055

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,795 13,002 12,856 14,162 12,641 13,212 13,203 13,167 13,216

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,348 131,817 130,921 139,095 130,040 131,566 131,461 131,637 131,689

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,005 96,427 95,871 101,423 94,738 95,875 95,861 96,225 96,307

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,915 33,993 33,687 36,092 33,293 33,836 33,581 33,913 33,884

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,255 32,052 32,046 33,376 31,687 31,903 32,098 32,011 32,162

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,835 30,382 30,137 31,955 29,758 30,136 30,182 30,300 30,261

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,343 35,391 35,050 37,672 35,302 35,692 35,600 35,412 35,382

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,701 78,955 78,535 83,897 78,663 79,537 79,267 79,481 79,714

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,343 2,384 2,295 2,567 2,405 2,524 2,490 2,477 2,510

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757 812 799 852 849 878 863 881 892

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,586 1,571 1,496 1,730 1,546 1,647 1,630 1,603 1,634

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,358 76,572 76,239 81,329 76,258 77,013 76,777 77,004 77,204

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,045 6,527 6,591 7,279 6,512 6,749 6,722 6,672 6,810

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,313 70,044 69,648 73,989 69,718 70,291 70,040 70,220 70,317

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,412 51,177 50,957 53,825 50,723 51,140 51,025 51,246 51,368

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,973 18,177 17,967 19,127 17,808 18,056 17,889 18,172 18,133

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,713 17,154 17,211 17,873 17,146 17,209 17,288 17,201 17,358

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,726 15,846 15,779 16,826 15,769 15,876 15,848 15,873 15,876

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,901 18,867 18,691 20,164 18,996 19,151 19,015 18,974 18,950

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,292 70,658 69,848 74,762 68,880 70,131 70,542 70,350 70,316

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,508 2,410 2,310 2,663 2,552 2,598 2,600 2,478 2,465

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,017 880 817 1,083 937 946 934 904 892

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,491 1,529 1,494 1,584 1,616 1,648 1,647 1,589 1,588

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,785 68,248 67,538 72,099 66,328 67,534 67,941 67,872 67,851

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,750 6,475 6,266 6,883 6,129 6,463 6,481 6,495 6,406

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,035 61,773 61,272 65,106 60,322 61,275 61,422 61,417 61,371

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,593 45,250 44,914 47,598 44,016 44,735 44,836 44,979 44,939

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,942 15,816 15,720 16,965 15,485 15,781 15,692 15,741 15,751

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,542 14,898 14,836 15,503 14,541 14,694 14,810 14,810 14,804

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,109 14,535 14,358 15,129 13,989 14,260 14,334 14,428 14,384

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,442 16,523 16,358 17,508 16,306 16,540 16,586 16,438 16,432

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,949 43,499 43,547 46,229 43,598 43,761 43,754 43,720 43,819

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,926 35,109 34,698 36,875 34,321 34,685 34,795 34,817 34,668

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,553 9,490 9,325 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,379 124,415 123,717 130,741 122,569 123,646 124,292 124,689 124,990

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,615 25,197 24,666 27,541 25,067 26,139 25,373 24,917 24,627

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,083 6,496 6,535 8,170 6,491 6,669 6,559 6,460 6,623

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.3 4.4 5.1 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.4

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,472 5,859 5,938 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,226 9,322 9,293 9,495 9,473 9,571 9,408 9,461 9,548

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Jan.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 5,796 10,736 10,130 3.5 7.8 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.3

16 to 19 years..................................... 751 946 865 12.6 16.3 14.0 13.9 16.0 14.8

16 to 17 years.................................. 280 302 337 12.6 17.2 14.1 14.9 14.5 15.9

18 to 19 years.................................. 481 655 534 12.7 15.8 14.1 13.4 17.0 14.2

20 years and over................................ 5,044 9,790 9,265 3.2 7.5 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,005 1,653 1,425 6.6 12.5 10.9 10.7 11.2 9.7

25 years and over.............................. 4,121 8,170 7,940 2.9 7.0 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.7

25 to 54 years............................... 3,120 5,946 5,968 3.0 7.1 6.4 6.1 5.8 5.8

25 to 34 years............................. 1,413 2,397 2,464 3.8 8.6 7.3 7.0 6.6 6.8

35 to 44 years............................. 933 1,857 1,948 2.7 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.7

45 to 54 years............................. 773 1,693 1,555 2.4 6.4 6.0 5.5 5.3 4.9

55 years and over........................... 1,008 2,259 1,970 2.6 6.6 5.5 5.8 6.0 5.3

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,057 5,694 5,434 3.5 7.7 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 417 455 466 14.0 17.3 15.6 15.1 15.5 15.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 158 159 157 15.6 18.3 16.1 14.5 15.3 15.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 258 301 311 13.0 16.8 15.4 15.5 15.8 16.0

20 years and over................................ 2,641 5,240 4,969 3.1 7.3 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 512 922 754 6.6 12.9 11.8 11.9 12.1 10.0

25 years and over.............................. 2,203 4,353 4,300 2.9 6.8 6.2 6.2 5.8 5.8

25 to 54 years............................... 1,643 3,167 3,210 3.0 7.0 6.5 6.3 5.8 5.9

25 to 34 years............................. 778 1,291 1,356 3.9 8.7 7.8 7.7 6.6 7.0

35 to 44 years............................. 462 1,049 1,066 2.5 6.1 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.8

45 to 54 years............................. 403 827 788 2.3 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.7

55 years and over........................... 560 1,186 1,090 2.7 6.2 5.2 5.9 5.9 5.4

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,738 5,042 4,696 3.5 8.0 6.8 6.4 6.7 6.3

16 to 19 years..................................... 335 491 400 11.2 15.3 12.5 12.8 16.5 14.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 122 143 180 10.1 16.2 12.1 15.2 13.7 16.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 223 354 223 12.4 14.8 12.8 11.2 18.2 12.3

20 years and over................................ 2,404 4,551 4,296 3.2 7.7 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 493 732 670 6.7 12.1 10.0 9.4 10.1 9.5

25 years and over.............................. 1,918 3,817 3,640 2.9 7.3 6.1 5.8 5.9 5.6

25 to 54 years............................... 1,477 2,780 2,758 3.0 7.3 6.3 5.8 5.8 5.8

25 to 34 years............................. 635 1,106 1,108 3.6 8.6 6.9 6.2 6.6 6.6

35 to 44 years............................. 471 808 882 3.0 6.3 6.0 5.6 5.2 5.6

45 to 54 years............................. 370 865 767 2.4 6.8 5.9 5.5 5.7 5.1

55 years and over........................... 441 1,065 882 2.5 7.2 5.8 5.8 6.1 5.1

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 786 1,841 1,795 1.7 4.8 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9

Married women, spouse present1................. 784 1,705 1,593 2.1 5.9 4.8 4.5 4.7 4.4

Women who maintain families2.................... 545 734 845 5.4 10.0 8.6 7.7 7.2 8.3

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 4,716 8,911 8,548 3.5 7.8 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.4

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,163 1,871 1,676 4.1 8.4 6.7 6.0 7.0 6.4

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,267 7,264 7,666 2,575 9,039 7,685 7,468 7,210 6,997

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,109 3,124 3,215 640 4,624 3,231 2,762 3,039 2,746

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,158 4,141 4,452 1,935 4,415 4,454 4,705 4,171 4,251

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,403 3,342 3,585 1,305 3,661 3,620 3,718 3,370 3,503

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 755 798 867 630 754 834 987 802 749

Job leavers........................................... 830 706 651 828 808 763 698 743 653

Reentrants............................................ 1,907 2,044 2,039 1,831 2,123 2,017 1,968 2,250 1,963

New entrants......................................... 500 389 494 560 535 526 551 509 542

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 50.2 69.8 70.7 44.4 72.3 69.9 69.9 67.3 68.9

On temporary layoff.............................. 17.1 30.0 29.6 11.1 37.0 29.4 25.9 28.4 27.0

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 33.2 39.8 41.0 33.4 35.3 40.5 44.0 38.9 41.9

Job leavers........................................... 12.8 6.8 6.0 14.3 6.5 6.9 6.5 6.9 6.4

Reentrants............................................ 29.3 19.7 18.8 31.6 17.0 18.3 18.4 21.0 19.3

New entrants......................................... 7.7 3.7 4.6 9.7 4.3 4.8 5.2 4.7 5.3

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.0 4.5 4.8 1.6 5.6 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4

Reentrants............................................ 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2

New entrants......................................... 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,468 2,813 2,707 2,071 2,552 2,494 2,455 2,904 2,278

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,925 2,211 2,716 1,752 2,754 2,341 2,404 2,222 2,528

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,110 5,380 5,428 2,045 7,339 6,185 5,804 5,529 5,369

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 893 1,502 1,354 881 4,934 2,651 1,875 1,572 1,346

27 weeks and over............................... 1,217 3,878 4,074 1,163 2,405 3,534 3,929 3,956 4,023

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 20.5 22.8 24.3 22.2 21.0 21.4 23.0 23.4 26.0

Median duration, in weeks......................... 8.6 16.1 14.5 9.3 17.8 19.0 18.9 16.8 15.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 38.0 27.0 24.9 35.3 20.2 22.6 23.0 27.3 22.4

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 29.6 21.3 25.0 29.9 21.8 21.2 22.5 20.9 24.8

15 weeks and over.................................. 32.4 51.7 50.0 34.8 58.0 56.1 54.4 51.9 52.8

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 13.7 14.4 12.5 15.0 39.0 24.1 17.6 14.8 13.2

27 weeks and over............................... 18.7 37.3 37.5 19.8 19.0 32.1 36.8 37.1 39.5

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2021

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 156,994 148,383 6,504 10,851 4.0 6.8

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 65,643 63,886 1,453 2,433 2.2 3.7

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 27,573 27,307 653 1,088 2.3 3.8

Professional and related occupations.......................... 38,070 36,580 799 1,345 2.1 3.5

Service occupations................................................ 25,943 22,366 1,280 2,887 4.7 11.4

Sales and office occupations...................................... 31,320 30,295 1,309 1,983 4.0 6.1

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,428 14,641 724 1,036 4.5 6.6

Office and administrative support occupations............... 15,892 15,654 585 947 3.5 5.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,923 13,235 934 1,417 6.3 9.7

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,081 984 210 140 16.3 12.4

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,015 7,790 590 963 6.9 11.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,827 4,461 134 314 2.7 6.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 20,165 18,601 1,008 1,626 4.8 8.0

Production occupations.......................................... 8,299 7,840 434 544 5.0 6.5

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 11,866 10,761 574 1,081 4.6 9.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2021

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 6,504 10,851 4.0 6.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 4,954 8,945 3.8 7.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 16 93 1.9 14.2

Construction.......................................................................... 515 938 5.4 9.4

Manufacturing........................................................................ 530 699 3.4 4.7

Durable goods..................................................................... 317 396 3.2 4.2

Nondurable goods................................................................ 214 303 3.7 5.6

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 945 1,367 4.7 6.9

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 220 613 3.0 8.2

Information............................................................................ 61 186 2.3 7.4

Financial activities................................................................... 259 350 2.5 3.4

Professional and business services............................................... 724 1,146 4.1 6.8

Education and health services..................................................... 601 1,059 2.4 4.3

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 833 1,949 5.9 15.9

Other services........................................................................ 250 544 3.7 8.8

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 231 153 12.5 9.4

Government workers................................................................... 467 641 2.1 3.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 351 617 3.6 6.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Sept.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.3 3.4 3.4 1.2 4.6 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.4

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.0 4.5 4.8 1.6 5.6 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.0 6.5 6.8 3.5 7.8 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.3

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.2 6.9 7.2 3.7 8.2 7.2 7.1 7.1 6.7

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.8 7.8 8.0 4.3 8.9 8.0 7.9 7.9 7.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 7.7 11.6 12.0 6.9 12.8 12.1 12.0 11.7 11.1

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2021

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 96,004 101,618 39,183 41,655 56,822 59,963

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,107 7,129 2,566 3,381 2,541 3,748

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,464 2,053 817 1,164 647 889

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 350 638 185 430 166 208

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,113 1,415 632 734 481 681

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 8,083 6,535 3,949 3,071 4,134 3,463

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.1 4.4 4.8 3.9 5.6 5.0

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,528 3,755 2,421 1,934 2,108 1,822

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,047 1,577 700 499 1,347 1,078

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 326 240 227 143 99 97

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,123 928 585 475 538 453

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Change

from:

Dec.2020 -

Jan.2021p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,055 144,121 143,700 140,927 152,234 142,809 142,582 142,631 49

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,405 122,128 121,889 119,532 129,445 121,321 121,117 121,123 6

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,626 20,203 20,157 19,811 21,096 20,146 20,222 20,218 -4

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678 599 601 605 689 597 600 609 9

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 45.7 46.6 46.2 48.6 44.9 45.8 46.3 0.5

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629.8 553.1 554.7 558.8 640.6 552.5 553.8 562.6 8.8

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.2 139.8 141.9 141.0 138.8 139.4 141.1 141.9 0.8

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.8 176.7 177.9 175.9 187.5 176.2 178.9 179.4 0.5

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.4 39.3 42.4 43.0 47.4 39.3 42.1 42.4 0.3

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 41.6 41.3 41.5 42.0 41.9 41.5 41.8 0.3

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.9 95.8 94.2 91.4 98.1 95.0 95.3 95.2 -0.1

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.8 236.6 234.9 241.9 314.3 236.9 233.8 241.3 7.5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,243 7,413 7,305 7,051 7,615 7,353 7,395 7,392 -3

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,634.4 1,657.6 1,650.3 1,617.8 1,682.1 1,651.2 1,655.3 1,658.3 3.0

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.9 844.3 845.7 828.5 829.8 836.7 844.3 847.9 3.6

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828.5 813.3 804.6 789.3 852.3 814.5 811.0 810.4 -0.6

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,002.1 1,058.8 1,007.0 943.9 1,112.2 1,036.2 1,049.5 1,051.5 2.0

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,606.2 4,696.4 4,647.2 4,489.0 4,820.2 4,665.6 4,690.0 4,682.5 -7.5

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,034.4 2,141.6 2,125.8 2,060.1 2,127.0 2,132.2 2,140.7 2,136.5 -4.2

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,571.8 2,554.8 2,521.4 2,428.9 2,693.2 2,533.4 2,549.3 2,546.0 -3.3

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,705 12,191 12,251 12,155 12,792 12,196 12,227 12,217 -10

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,967 7,570 7,610 7,556 8,002 7,580 7,598 7,581 -17

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406.7 398.7 402.5 400.5 411.3 398.8 402.3 403.6 1.3

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.8 399.3 398.4 381.7 416.7 396.7 400.9 394.5 -6.4

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379.7 348.5 349.0 348.0 379.4 350.0 348.2 347.4 -0.8

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,461.0 1,376.5 1,388.2 1,377.4 1,469.0 1,383.1 1,385.2 1,381.1 -4.1

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,115.1 1,051.5 1,055.1 1,054.8 1,115.1 1,055.6 1,055.3 1,054.6 -0.7

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,079.3 1,071.2 1,074.3 1,072.0 1,081.9 1,071.0 1,072.1 1,073.4 1.3

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 162.8 162.2 162.5 161.7 162.5 162.2 162.2 161.8 -0.4

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.7 85.1 85.3 86.0 86.9 85.0 85.1 85.9 0.8

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.1 367.1 368.2 369.4 374.7 367.4 368.3 370.1 1.8

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426.0 422.4 422.8 420.3 426.6 422.2 421.7 420.5 -1.2

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.7 34.4 35.5 34.6 31.2 34.2 34.8 35.1 0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 399.4 371.8 375.2 370.6 399.2 372.1 373.6 370.4 -3.2

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,720.0 1,595.2 1,603.1 1,593.1 1,722.7 1,594.7 1,598.1 1,594.9 -3.2

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976.0 905.0 913.3 905.1 975.9 906.9 910.5 905.2 -5.3

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.3 354.2 356.8 353.4 385.2 355.0 356.1 354.0 -2.1

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617.2 603.1 607.3 604.6 621.5 602.7 606.2 607.5 1.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,738 4,621 4,641 4,599 4,790 4,616 4,629 4,636 7

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,636.7 1,634.1 1,642.8 1,620.4 1,661.0 1,629.1 1,634.1 1,636.3 2.2

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.6 95.6 95.3 95.0 106.1 95.6 95.2 95.1 -0.1

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.6 104.5 105.8 105.4 113.6 103.9 105.2 105.6 0.4

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.1 89.4 92.6 89.4 104.3 89.2 92.7 90.2 -2.5

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362.8 354.5 357.1 354.9 364.2 355.6 356.2 355.8 -0.4

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 417.8 373.1 374.8 370.1 420.2 370.7 372.9 371.7 -1.2

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.4 103.5 105.1 103.0 113.7 103.9 107.2 106.9 -0.3

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849.7 838.5 844.7 848.1 854.7 839.6 841.1 851.6 10.5

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729.5 716.1 725.0 722.9 731.1 717.8 723.8 723.7 -0.1

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.9 311.7 297.9 290.1 321.5 310.4 300.9 299.1 -1.8

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,779 101,925 101,732 99,721 108,349 101,175 100,895 100,905 10

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,755 27,520 27,942 27,030 27,852 26,983 27,108 27,058 -50

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,865.3 5,615.0 5,632.6 5,602.4 5,901.1 5,602.4 5,617.9 5,632.2 14.3

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,205.5 3,064.8 3,080.3 3,069.7 3,218.6 3,064.4 3,073.6 3,081.5 7.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,146.7 2,069.0 2,070.5 2,053.1 2,167.2 2,058.2 2,063.6 2,070.0 6.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Change

from:

Dec.2020 -

Jan.2021p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513.1 481.2 481.8 479.6 515.3 479.8 480.7 480.7 0.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,508.4 15,487.9 15,755.0 15,175.0 15,605.2 15,129.7 15,264.6 15,226.8 -37.8

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,025.0 1,940.2 1,948.2 1,933.8 2,044.1 1,941.0 1,953.8 1,947.3 -6.5

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,306.1 1,229.9 1,239.4 1,235.3 1,312.8 1,229.7 1,239.6 1,236.8 -2.8

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.4 150.0 148.9 144.5 162.0 154.0 155.7 153.9 -1.8

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 566.5 560.3 559.9 554.0 569.3 557.3 558.5 556.6 -1.9

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 474.6 443.4 455.3 438.3 472.0 432.8 435.2 436.0 0.8

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 470.4 455.3 454.0 412.8 467.0 435.3 434.5 405.2 -29.3

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,238.4 1,363.3 1,395.3 1,362.8 1,299.0 1,402.8 1,428.8 1,429.6 0.8

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,062.6 3,161.3 3,180.8 3,151.3 3,077.4 3,139.2 3,148.1 3,163.3 15.2

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,035.5 969.5 987.5 981.6 1,029.1 950.1 960.8 975.2 14.4

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949.8 938.5 938.6 931.3 958.4 937.4 939.5 938.2 -1.3

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,278.8 1,029.5 1,074.8 1,003.2 1,272.7 966.8 978.4 993.2 14.8

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557.8 484.1 499.2 473.3 558.2 456.4 457.6 459.0 1.4

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,010.9 3,300.2 3,405.6 3,135.6 2,997.0 3,091.3 3,152.3 3,114.0 -38.3

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,039.7 1,092.5 1,130.5 1,002.3 1,015.2 982.4 981.1 973.3 -7.8

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,971.2 2,207.7 2,275.1 2,133.3 1,981.8 2,108.9 2,171.2 2,140.7 -30.5

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828.0 779.9 781.7 760.4 846.8 773.2 767.4 772.4 5.0

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576.6 622.7 634.0 590.6 583.5 603.4 608.2 593.4 -14.8

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,835.1 5,876.7 6,014.0 5,713.9 5,798.1 5,711.3 5,687.2 5,659.4 -27.8

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510.5 392.9 395.9 409.3 514.1 394.3 397.4 412.2 14.8

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.2 143.0 145.4 144.4 160.5 143.3 144.8 144.8 0.0

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 58.4 58.2 57.1 67.3 59.8 59.2 58.9 -0.3

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,495.6 1,480.5 1,477.3 1,449.4 1,522.8 1,472.8 1,478.3 1,475.4 -2.9

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.0 389.5 379.3 370.2 493.8 372.7 363.1 360.3 -2.8

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.9 50.3 49.6 49.1 51.7 50.2 49.5 49.0 -0.5

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 26.1 21.2 20.6 18.8 35.0 25.1 24.6 24.9 0.3

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 761.0 699.2 700.6 689.0 763.2 694.5 694.8 689.5 -5.3

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958.3 1,173.4 1,306.0 1,101.9 879.2 1,063.9 1,033.0 1,019.3 -13.7

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,304.2 1,468.3 1,481.1 1,424.7 1,310.5 1,434.7 1,442.5 1,425.1 -17.4

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546.2 540.0 540.1 538.8 547.6 539.5 538.5 539.1 0.6

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,868 2,659 2,665 2,647 2,910 2,650 2,656 2,672 16

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 777.5 758.2 759.1 759.0 781.2 755.2 759.1 763.2 4.1

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408.1 260.6 261.3 243.5 441.9 258.4 257.6 262.6 5.0

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.7 248.2 248.0 246.3 263.0 247.9 246.7 246.9 0.2

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710.1 681.2 683.7 685.4 711.5 679.0 679.4 685.4 6.0

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360.4 354.2 354.7 352.1 362.0 352.7 355.1 353.5 -1.6

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350.4 357.0 358.3 360.8 350.0 357.0 357.6 360.1 2.5

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,783 8,763 8,788 8,729 8,849 8,756 8,774 8,782 8

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,476.3 6,542.2 6,554.3 6,525.0 6,498.5 6,532.8 6,539.2 6,540.2 1.0

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.8 20.2 20.3 20.2 19.7 20.3 20.3 20.2 -0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,663.5 2,669.2 2,672.6 2,669.2 2,667.7 2,668.9 2,669.6 2,671.0 1.4

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,783.1 1,751.3 1,750.0 1,746.6 1,785.5 1,754.7 1,750.9 1,747.7 -3.2

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,395.6 1,365.3 1,363.2 1,359.5 1,396.6 1,368.3 1,364.6 1,360.6 -4.0

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 578.5 601.2 607.0 606.9 580.8 599.9 605.3 608.4 3.1

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 301.9 316.7 315.6 315.7 301.4 314.3 313.4 314.9 1.5

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 956.6 971.5 975.2 977.2 964.1 971.6 972.7 981.7 9.0

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,836.4 2,881.3 2,886.2 2,858.4 2,847.0 2,872.0 2,876.6 2,867.3 -9.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,306.8 2,220.9 2,233.6 2,203.9 2,350.6 2,223.6 2,234.6 2,241.7 7.1

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,720.6 1,714.3 1,726.7 1,702.5 1,744.0 1,712.5 1,720.5 1,724.4 3.9

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563.8 484.0 484.3 479.4 583.4 488.6 491.7 494.8 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Change

from:

Dec.2020 -

Jan.2021p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 22.4 22.6 22.6 22.0 23.2 22.5 22.4 22.5 0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,036 20,580 20,632 20,290 21,437 20,391 20,547 20,644 97

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,639.4 9,475.6 9,551.8 9,558.5 9,673.8 9,466.2 9,526.9 9,567.0 40.1

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,154.4 1,125.3 1,127.4 1,118.6 1,162.9 1,122.8 1,121.3 1,126.1 4.8

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,069.2 966.3 999.0 1,065.6 1,022.7 997.6 1,000.4 1,004.2 3.8

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,517.3 1,523.7 1,525.4 1,513.6 1,535.2 1,521.6 1,526.7 1,530.7 4.0

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.9 135.1 135.2 132.9 143.2 134.0 133.6 134.5 0.9

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,223.1 2,203.5 2,205.3 2,217.0 2,232.2 2,190.0 2,209.6 2,220.9 11.3

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,551.7 1,550.5 1,568.1 1,549.8 1,571.6 1,535.5 1,553.9 1,570.0 16.1

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749.0 779.3 784.7 787.0 756.5 779.9 784.0 794.0 10.0

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.8 437.5 443.8 432.7 488.3 436.2 441.2 435.5 -5.7

Other professional and technical services. . . 750.0 754.4 762.9 741.3 761.4 748.6 756.2 751.1 -5.1

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,422.2 2,339.1 2,351.6 2,339.1 2,430.0 2,339.9 2,347.5 2,346.4 -1.1

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,974.3 8,765.7 8,728.2 8,392.3 9,333.2 8,584.8 8,672.1 8,730.5 58.4

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,524.8 8,315.7 8,279.9 7,950.4 8,875.3 8,134.8 8,222.2 8,280.7 58.5

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 539.7 525.3 528.3 529.8 543.5 523.4 528.7 533.2 4.5

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.1 153.6 153.4 151.8 166.4 153.3 152.9 153.4 0.5

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,455.1 3,323.0 3,388.5 3,185.7 3,598.7 3,176.2 3,255.7 3,318.1 62.4

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,826.0 2,713.3 2,763.5 2,580.0 2,949.7 2,558.5 2,622.8 2,703.7 80.9

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869.4 819.8 824.9 806.0 867.3 800.3 803.7 802.7 -1.0

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.3 148.8 145.5 144.5 221.7 149.1 147.0 148.1 1.1

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 939.6 909.9 899.3 892.6 953.7 903.2 895.2 904.6 9.4

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,014.5 2,138.3 2,039.6 1,945.4 2,192.6 2,130.8 2,135.0 2,121.5 -13.5

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326.1 297.0 300.4 294.6 331.5 298.5 304.0 299.1 -4.9

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449.5 450.0 448.3 441.9 457.9 450.0 449.9 449.8 -0.1

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,364 23,510 23,401 23,118 24,513 23,278 23,247 23,240 -7

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,697.3 3,555.5 3,401.6 3,276.8 3,786.5 3,388.2 3,318.7 3,352.6 33.9

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,667.1 19,954.6 19,999.8 19,840.8 20,726.9 19,889.4 19,928.5 19,887.7 -40.8

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,412.5 15,979.5 16,040.1 15,910.9 16,460.2 15,935.4 15,979.7 15,950.1 -29.6

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,821.5 7,708.0 7,737.9 7,683.0 7,850.5 7,680.4 7,703.4 7,706.9 3.5

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,710.2 2,672.1 2,682.0 2,662.5 2,716.9 2,660.1 2,664.8 2,668.2 3.4

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985.7 983.8 987.8 984.2 987.9 981.2 983.5 986.3 2.8

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 993.8 944.2 949.7 948.4 998.2 941.3 946.7 952.6 5.9

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996.0 998.8 1,006.8 998.6 996.8 998.4 1,001.9 999.0 -2.9

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 288.8 286.2 289.1 290.9 289.9 286.3 288.1 290.6 2.5

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,529.7 1,516.7 1,514.2 1,487.1 1,540.2 1,508.8 1,509.0 1,495.9 -13.1

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317.3 306.2 308.3 311.3 320.6 304.3 309.4 314.3 4.9

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,224.4 5,148.2 5,183.3 5,164.4 5,231.0 5,136.3 5,171.9 5,169.8 -2.1

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,366.6 3,123.3 3,118.9 3,063.5 3,378.7 3,118.7 3,104.4 3,073.4 -31.0

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,581.4 1,443.3 1,439.7 1,410.3 1,586.5 1,439.0 1,433.6 1,414.2 -19.4

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 647.7 614.0 612.5 606.0 650.2 613.3 611.2 608.2 -3.0

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972.1 911.1 912.3 896.6 975.0 911.5 905.7 899.0 -6.7

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 165.4 154.9 154.4 150.6 167.0 154.9 153.9 152.0 -1.9

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,254.6 3,975.1 3,959.7 3,929.9 4,266.7 3,954.0 3,948.8 3,937.6 -11.2

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,703.7 2,624.8 2,615.6 2,597.3 2,714.4 2,618.7 2,613.6 2,605.1 -8.5

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 185.8 185.4 186.5 182.7 186.4 185.1 183.9 183.4 -0.5

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 318.2 278.7 276.1 272.8 322.9 280.1 276.6 275.6 -1.0

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,046.9 886.2 881.5 877.1 1,043.0 870.1 874.7 873.5 -1.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,117 13,418 12,858 12,497 16,858 13,632 13,096 13,035 -61

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,245.9 1,698.8 1,603.4 1,528.8 2,502.5 1,816.5 1,713.6 1,690.4 -23.2

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 463.1 320.4 309.5 289.1 525.8 329.3 320.2 325.4 5.2

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.3 129.8 128.2 121.5 175.3 133.5 133.0 131.5 -1.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Change

from:

Dec.2020 -

Jan.2021p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,621.5 1,248.6 1,165.7 1,118.2 1,801.4 1,353.7 1,260.4 1,233.5 -26.9

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,871.5 11,719.2 11,254.1 10,967.8 14,355.0 11,815.6 11,381.9 11,344.2 -37.7

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,007.6 1,411.3 1,377.2 1,336.2 2,108.3 1,453.6 1,422.1 1,403.8 -18.3

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,863.9 10,307.9 9,876.9 9,631.6 12,246.7 10,362.0 9,959.8 9,940.4 -19.4

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,856 5,475 5,446 5,410 5,930 5,485 5,467 5,474 7

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,341.8 1,309.9 1,305.2 1,299.3 1,359.5 1,311.9 1,312.4 1,313.6 1.2

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,541.9 1,311.1 1,298.4 1,285.7 1,561.9 1,311.6 1,298.0 1,302.8 4.8

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,972.0 2,853.6 2,842.7 2,825.0 3,009.0 2,861.6 2,856.1 2,857.9 1.8

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,650 21,993 21,811 21,395 22,789 21,488 21,465 21,508 43

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,835 2,895 2,904 2,851 2,852 2,888 2,889 2,865 -24

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,233.4 2,281.0 2,279.6 2,248.6 2,247.9 2,283.7 2,285.1 2,261.0 -24.1

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601.5 613.8 624.7 602.1 604.2 604.2 604.3 604.1 -0.2

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,185 5,112 5,049 4,875 5,284 4,931 4,940 4,971 31

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,494.2 2,432.3 2,373.0 2,209.7 2,578.5 2,245.3 2,255.5 2,291.6 36.1

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,690.3 2,679.5 2,676.1 2,665.1 2,705.0 2,685.8 2,684.9 2,679.2 -5.7

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,630 13,986 13,858 13,669 14,653 13,669 13,636 13,672 36

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,138.3 7,677.4 7,635.8 7,503.8 8,024.5 7,334.8 7,328.1 7,377.5 49.4

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,491.8 6,308.4 6,222.6 6,164.7 6,628.8 6,333.8 6,307.8 6,294.5 -13.3

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.3 34.8 34.7 35.0

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.2 39.9 39.9 40.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.6 45.0 44.8 45.1

Construction....................................................................... 39.2 39.0 39.2 39.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.4 40.3 40.1 40.4

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.9 40.5 40.4 40.8

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.7 39.8 39.7 39.7

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.7 33.7 33.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.0 34.5 34.1 34.5

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 38.6 38.7 39.1

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.3 30.9 30.4 30.8

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.3 39.0 38.9 39.2

Utilities........................................................................... 42.5 43.1 42.8 42.8

Information......................................................................... 36.2 36.9 37.0 37.1

Financial activities................................................................ 37.7 37.8 37.8 37.8

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.7 36.7 37.0

Education and health services.................................................. 33.0 33.4 33.5 33.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.9 25.7 25.2 25.8

Other services..................................................................... 31.9 32.4 32.4 32.5

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Total private............................................... $28.43 $29.61 $29.90 $29.96 $975.15 $1,030.43 $1,037.53 $1,048.60

Goods-producing....................................... 29.48 30.23 30.29 30.31 1,185.10 1,206.18 1,208.57 1,215.43

Mining and logging.................................. 34.24 34.47 34.62 34.47 1,561.34 1,551.15 1,550.98 1,554.60

Construction.......................................... 31.23 31.97 32.06 32.11 1,224.22 1,246.83 1,256.75 1,261.92

Manufacturing........................................ 28.18 28.99 29.00 29.02 1,138.47 1,168.30 1,162.90 1,172.41

Durable goods.................................... 29.62 30.51 30.49 30.51 1,211.46 1,235.66 1,231.80 1,244.81

Nondurable goods................................ 25.70 26.45 26.51 26.52 1,020.29 1,052.71 1,052.45 1,052.84

Private service-providing.............................. 28.18 29.47 29.81 29.88 935.58 993.14 1,004.60 1,012.93

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 24.60 25.47 25.65 25.89 836.40 878.72 874.67 893.21

Wholesale trade.................................. 31.73 32.76 32.89 32.96 1,231.12 1,264.54 1,272.84 1,288.74

Retail trade........................................ 20.12 21.15 21.30 21.77 609.64 653.54 647.52 670.52

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.91 25.48 25.72 25.66 954.05 993.72 1,000.51 1,005.87

Utilities............................................. 42.37 44.37 44.14 44.23 1,800.73 1,912.35 1,889.19 1,893.04

Information........................................... 42.85 44.40 44.32 44.62 1,551.17 1,638.36 1,639.84 1,655.40

Financial activities................................... 36.64 38.79 39.08 39.34 1,381.33 1,466.26 1,477.22 1,487.05

Professional and business services.............. 34.31 35.44 35.56 35.62 1,238.59 1,300.65 1,305.05 1,317.94

Education and health services..................... 27.86 28.86 29.45 29.28 919.38 963.92 986.58 983.81

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.85 17.09 17.15 17.24 436.42 439.21 432.18 444.79

Other services....................................... 25.54 26.69 26.81 26.87 814.73 864.76 868.64 873.28

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2020 -

Jan.

2021p

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2020 -

Jan.

2021p

Total private..................................... 111.5 106.0 105.5 106.4 0.9 151.5 150.0 150.8 152.4 1.1

Goods-producing............................. 96.6 91.6 91.9 92.4 0.5 128.7 125.1 125.8 126.5 0.6

Mining and logging........................ 98.7 84.4 84.5 86.3 2.1 135.7 116.8 117.4 119.4 1.7

Construction................................ 102.9 98.9 99.9 100.1 0.2 139.6 137.3 139.2 139.7 0.4

Manufacturing.............................. 93.0 88.4 88.2 88.8 0.7 121.8 119.2 119.0 119.8 0.7

Durable goods........................... 92.1 86.4 86.4 87.1 0.8 121.2 117.1 117.0 118.0 0.9

Nondurable goods...................... 94.9 91.7 91.7 91.9 0.2 123.8 123.1 123.4 123.6 0.2

Private service-providing.................... 115.8 109.8 109.5 110.1 0.5 158.6 157.2 158.6 159.9 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.3 101.6 100.9 101.9 1.0 137.1 139.5 139.5 142.2 1.9

Wholesale trade......................... 101.0 95.4 95.9 97.1 1.3 134.0 130.7 131.9 133.9 1.5

Retail trade.............................. 96.0 94.9 94.2 95.2 1.1 127.7 132.7 132.6 137.0 3.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 127.6 128.0 127.1 127.5 0.3 161.7 165.9 166.3 166.4 0.1

Utilities.................................... 100.7 100.6 99.7 99.8 0.1 141.0 147.5 145.4 145.9 0.3

Information................................. 96.2 89.3 89.7 90.5 0.9 146.8 141.2 141.6 143.8 1.6

Financial activities......................... 109.3 108.4 108.7 108.8 0.1 156.2 164.1 165.6 166.9 0.8

Professional and business services..... 121.3 117.3 118.2 119.8 1.4 168.6 168.4 170.2 172.7 1.5

Education and health services........... 132.1 127.0 127.2 127.5 0.2 177.0 176.3 180.2 179.6 -0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 124.6 100.0 94.2 96.0 1.9 169.4 137.8 130.3 133.5 2.5

Other services............................. 109.1 102.5 102.1 102.6 0.5 152.7 149.9 150.1 151.1 0.7

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Total nonfarm............................................. 76,161 71,100 70,904 70,991 50.0 49.8 49.7 49.8

Total private............................................ 62,999 58,723 58,566 58,609 48.7 48.4 48.4 48.4

Goods-producing.................................... 4,750 4,562 4,578 4,581 22.5 22.6 22.6 22.7

Mining and logging............................... 91 83 84 83 13.2 13.9 14.0 13.6

Construction....................................... 990 978 982 981 13.0 13.3 13.3 13.3

Manufacturing..................................... 3,669 3,501 3,512 3,517 28.7 28.7 28.7 28.8

Durable goods.................................. 1,946 1,857 1,860 1,858 24.3 24.5 24.5 24.5

Nondurable goods............................. 1,723 1,644 1,652 1,659 36.0 35.6 35.7 35.8

Private service-providing........................... 58,249 54,161 53,988 54,028 53.8 53.5 53.5 53.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,142 10,619 10,691 10,666 40.0 39.4 39.4 39.4

Wholesale trade................................ 1,775.3 1,678.1 1,679.2 1,694.4 30.1 30.0 29.9 30.1

Retail trade..................................... 7,725.8 7,365.2 7,420.7 7,400.3 49.5 48.7 48.6 48.6

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,508.0 1,441.6 1,457.1 1,437.1 26.0 25.2 25.6 25.4

Utilities........................................... 133.1 134.1 133.9 134.5 24.3 24.9 24.9 24.9

Information......................................... 1,152 1,058 1,062 1,071 39.6 39.9 40.0 40.1

Financial activities................................ 5,006 4,957 4,959 4,955 56.6 56.6 56.5 56.4

Professional and business services............ 9,830 9,365 9,450 9,498 45.9 45.9 46.0 46.0

Education and health services.................. 18,970 17,986 17,978 17,996 77.4 77.3 77.3 77.4

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,979 7,262 6,952 6,939 53.3 53.3 53.1 53.2

Other services..................................... 3,170 2,914 2,896 2,903 53.5 53.1 53.0 53.0

Government............................................. 13,162 12,377 12,338 12,382 57.8 57.6 57.5 57.6

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Total private............................................................................... 106,444 98,926 98,729 98,624

Goods-producing....................................................................... 15,084 14,301 14,385 14,357

Mining and logging.................................................................. 496 428 431 437

Construction.......................................................................... 5,672 5,432 5,474 5,442

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,916 8,441 8,480 8,478

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,488 5,137 5,158 5,152

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,428 3,304 3,322 3,326

Private service-providing.............................................................. 91,360 84,625 84,344 84,267

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,555 22,859 22,985 22,931

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,723.8 4,447.2 4,454.1 4,479.5

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,312.5 12,920.5 13,049.6 13,041.8

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 5,079.2 5,063.2 5,055.5 4,981.6

Utilities.............................................................................. 439.5 427.9 425.8 428.4

Information............................................................................ 2,334 2,084 2,089 2,117

Financial activities................................................................... 6,848 6,671 6,665 6,654

Professional and business services............................................... 17,390 16,414 16,535 16,607

Education and health services..................................................... 21,528 20,381 20,368 20,352

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,804 11,753 11,251 11,161

Other services........................................................................ 4,901 4,463 4,451 4,445

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 34.2 34.2 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.0 40.7 40.9 41.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.0 46.0 45.7 45.7

Construction....................................................................... 39.9 39.3 39.8 40.1

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.4 41.3 41.3 41.5

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.7 41.5 41.5 41.8

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.9 40.9 41.1 41.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 33.1 33.0 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.9 34.4 34.0 34.3

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.6 38.5 38.4 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.4 31.0 30.5 30.6

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.0 39.0 38.6 39.2

Utilities........................................................................... 42.8 42.6 42.4 42.3

Information......................................................................... 35.1 37.3 36.5 36.5

Financial activities................................................................ 37.0 37.3 37.4 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 35.5 36.2 36.3 36.3

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.8 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.7 24.3 23.9 24.6

Other services..................................................................... 31.0 31.4 31.4 31.5

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Total private............................................... $23.88 $24.93 $25.15 $25.18 $802.37 $852.61 $860.13 $866.19

Goods-producing....................................... 25.08 25.69 25.80 25.89 1,028.28 1,045.58 1,055.22 1,064.08

Mining and logging.................................. 30.29 29.87 30.03 30.90 1,393.34 1,374.02 1,372.37 1,412.13

Construction.......................................... 28.92 29.55 29.65 29.72 1,153.91 1,161.32 1,180.07 1,191.77

Manufacturing........................................ 22.41 23.10 23.17 23.22 927.77 954.03 956.92 963.63

Durable goods.................................... 23.37 24.14 24.22 24.31 974.53 1,001.81 1,005.13 1,016.16

Nondurable goods................................ 20.84 21.44 21.52 21.51 852.36 876.90 884.47 881.91

Private service-providing.............................. 23.63 24.77 25.02 25.03 765.61 819.89 825.66 831.00

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 20.89 21.62 21.75 21.86 708.17 743.73 739.50 749.80

Wholesale trade.................................. 26.23 27.08 27.11 27.17 1,012.48 1,042.58 1,041.02 1,056.91

Retail trade........................................ 16.92 17.92 18.00 18.17 514.37 555.52 549.00 556.00

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.52 22.79 23.09 23.09 855.76 888.81 891.27 905.13

Utilities............................................. 37.67 39.17 39.00 39.00 1,612.28 1,668.64 1,653.60 1,649.70

Information........................................... 34.51 36.24 36.19 36.47 1,211.30 1,351.75 1,320.94 1,331.16

Financial activities................................... 28.17 29.68 29.70 29.99 1,042.29 1,107.06 1,110.78 1,124.63

Professional and business services.............. 28.35 29.48 29.63 29.64 1,006.43 1,067.18 1,075.57 1,075.93

Education and health services..................... 24.70 25.83 26.29 26.06 795.34 847.22 864.94 857.37

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.84 14.70 14.65 14.80 366.55 357.21 350.14 364.08

Other services....................................... 21.74 22.80 22.91 22.97 673.94 715.92 719.37 723.56

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2020 -

Jan.

2021p

Jan.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020p

Jan.

2021p

Percent

change

from:

Dec.

2020 -

Jan.

2021p

Total private..................................... 119.2 112.7 112.5 113.1 0.5 190.2 187.9 189.1 190.3 0.6

Goods-producing............................. 94.5 88.9 89.9 90.2 0.3 145.1 139.9 142.0 142.9 0.6

Mining and logging........................ 121.2 104.6 104.7 106.1 1.3 213.6 181.8 182.8 190.7 4.3

Construction................................ 113.3 106.9 109.1 109.3 0.2 177.0 170.6 174.6 175.3 0.4

Manufacturing.............................. 84.7 80.0 80.4 80.8 0.5 124.2 120.9 121.8 122.6 0.7

Durable goods........................... 86.0 80.1 80.4 80.9 0.6 125.4 120.7 121.6 122.8 1.0

Nondurable goods...................... 82.6 79.6 80.4 80.3 -0.1 121.7 120.6 122.3 122.1 -0.2

Private service-providing.................... 126.1 119.3 118.6 119.2 0.5 204.4 202.8 203.5 204.6 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 111.7 110.0 109.3 110.0 0.6 166.7 169.9 169.9 171.8 1.1

Wholesale trade......................... 108.2 101.6 101.5 103.4 1.9 167.5 162.4 162.4 165.8 2.1

Retail trade.............................. 102.4 101.4 100.7 101.0 0.3 148.5 155.6 155.4 157.2 1.2

Transportation and warehousing...... 146.1 149.4 147.7 147.8 0.1 209.4 216.8 217.1 217.2 0.0

Utilities.................................... 96.2 93.2 92.3 92.7 0.4 151.3 152.4 150.3 150.9 0.4

Information................................. 93.5 88.7 87.0 88.2 1.4 159.7 159.2 155.9 159.2 2.1

Financial activities......................... 119.3 117.1 117.3 117.4 0.1 206.7 213.8 214.4 216.7 1.1

Professional and business services..... 138.0 132.9 134.2 134.8 0.4 232.7 232.9 236.5 237.6 0.5

Education and health services........... 147.8 142.5 142.9 142.8 -0.1 241.0 243.0 247.9 245.6 -0.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 133.9 104.6 98.5 100.6 2.1 225.7 174.6 163.9 169.0 3.1

Other services............................. 106.6 98.3 98.0 98.2 0.2 168.8 163.3 163.6 164.3 0.4

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.