Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-14-0002 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 10, 2014 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — DECEMBER 2013 

The unemployment rate declined from 7.0 percent to 6.7 percent in December, while total nonfarm 

payroll employment edged up (+74,000), the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. 

Employment rose in retail trade and wholesale trade but was down in information. 

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Dec-11 Mar-12 Jun-12 Sep-12 Dec-12 Mar-13 Jun-13 Sep-13 Dec-13

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, December 2011 –

December 2013

Percent

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

Dec-11 Mar-12 Jun -12 Sep-12 Dec-12 Mar-13 Jun-13 Sep -13 Dec-13

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

December 2011 – December 2013

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data 

Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal 

adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end of each calendar year. Seasonally 

adjusted estimates back to January 2009 were subject to revision. The unemployment 

rates for January 2013 through November 2013 (as originally published and as revised) 

appear in table A on page 5, along with additional information about the revisions. 
- 2 - 

Household Survey Data 

The number of unemployed persons declined by 490,000 to 10.4 million in December, and the 

unemployment rate declined by 0.3 percentage point to 6.7 percent. Over the year, the number of 

unemployed persons and the unemployment rate were down by 1.9 million and 1.2 percentage points, 

respectively. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (6.3 percent) and whites (5.9 

percent) declined in December. The rates for adult women (6.0 percent), teenagers (20.2 percent), blacks 

(11.9 percent), and Hispanics (8.3 percent) showed little change. The jobless rate for Asians was 4.1 

percent (not seasonally adjusted), down by 2.5 percentage points over the year. (See tables A-1, A-2, 

and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

decreased by 365,000 in December to 5.4 million. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless 

for 27 weeks or more), at 3.9 million, showed little change; these individuals accounted for 37.7 percent 

of the unemployed. The number of long-term unemployed has declined by 894,000 over the year. (See 

tables A-11 and A-12.) 

The civilian labor force participation rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 62.8 percent in 

December, offsetting a change of the same magnitude in November. In December, the employmentpopulation ratio was unchanged at 58.6 percent. The labor force participation rate declined by 0.8 

percentage point over the year, while the employment-population ratio was unchanged. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 7.8 million in December. These individuals 

were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find fulltime work. (See table A-8.) 

In December, 2.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little changed from a 

year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 917,000 discouraged workers in December, down by 

151,000 from a year earlier. Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because 

they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.5 million persons marginally attached to the 

labor force in December had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family 

responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up in December (+74,000). In 2013, job growth averaged 

182,000 per month, about the same as in 2012 (+183,000 per month). In December, job gains occurred 

in retail trade and wholesale trade, while employment declined in information. (See table B-1.) 

Employment in retail trade rose by 55,000 in December. Within the industry, job gains occurred in 

food and beverage stores (+12,000), clothing and accessories stores (+12,000), general merchandise 
- 3 - 

stores (+8,000), and motor vehicle and parts dealers (+7,000). Retail trade added an average of 32,000 

jobs per month in 2013. 

In December, wholesale trade added 15,000 jobs. Most of the job growth occurred in electronic markets 

and agents and brokers (+9,000). Wholesale trade added an average of 8,000 jobs per month in 2013. 

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in December (+19,000). In 

2013, job growth in professional and business services averaged 53,000 per month. Within the industry, 

temporary help services added 40,000 jobs in December, while employment in accounting and 

bookkeeping services declined by 25,000. 

Manufacturing employment continued to trend up in December (+9,000). Employment rose in primary 

metals (+4,000) and petroleum and coal products (+2,000), while electronic instruments (-4,000) lost 

jobs. Manufacturing added 77,000 jobs in 2013, compared with an increase of 154,000 jobs in 2012. 

Employment in mining edged up in December (+5,000). The industry added 29,000 jobs over the year. 

Health care employment changed little in December (-6,000). Employment gains in the industry 

averaged 17,000 per month in 2013, compared with an average monthly gain of 27,000 in 2012. 

Employment in information fell by 12,000 in December, driven by a decline in the motion picture and 

sound recording industry (-14,000). Employment in information was essentially unchanged over the 

year. 

Construction employment edged down in December (-16,000). However, in 2013, the industry added 

an average of 10,000 jobs per month. Employment in nonresidential specialty trade contractors declined 

by 13,000 in December, possibly reflecting unusually cold weather in parts of the country. 

Employment in other major industries, including transportation and warehousing, financial 

activities, leisure and hospitality, and government, changed little in December. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 34.4 

hours in December. The manufacturing workweek was unchanged, at 41.0 hours, and factory overtime 

edged up by 0.1 hour to 3.5 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 

employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In December, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 2 

cents to $24.17. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 42 cents, or 1.8 percent. In 

December, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees 

increased by 3 cents to $20.35. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October remained at +200,000, and the change for 

November was revised from +203,000 to +241,000. With these revisions, employment gains in October 

and November were 38,000 higher than previously reported. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 7, 2014, at 

8:30 a.m. (EST). 
- 4 - 

Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data 

Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2014 on February 7, 

2014, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey will introduce revisions to 

nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings data to reflect the annual benchmark 

adjustment for March 2013 and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Not seasonally 

adjusted data beginning with April 2012 and seasonally adjusted data beginning with 

January 2009 are subject to revision. 

 

Upcoming Changes to the Household Survey 

Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2014 on February 7, 

2014, new population controls will be used in the Current Population Survey (CPS) 

estimation process. These new controls reflect the annual updating of intercensal 

population estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. In accordance with usual practice, 

historical data will not be revised to incorporate the new controls; consequently, 

household survey data for January 2014 will not be directly comparable with data for 

December 2013 or earlier periods. A table showing the effects of the new controls on the 

major labor force series will be included in the January 2014 release. 

 

Upcoming Change to the Household Survey Tables 

Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2014 on February 7, 

2014, household survey table A-10 will include two new seasonally adjusted series 

for women age 55 and over—the number of unemployed persons and the unemployment 

rate. These will replace the series that are currently displayed for this group, which are 

not seasonally adjusted. 

 
- 5 - 

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data 

At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the labor 

force series derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. As a result of this 

process, seasonally adjusted data for January 2009 through November 2013 were subject to revision. 

Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2013 through November 2013, as first published and 

as revised. The rates changed by one-tenth of a percentage point in 6 of the 11 months and were 

unchanged in the remaining 5 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force 

series beginning in December 2012 appear in table B. 

An article describing the seasonal adjustment methodology for the household survey data and revised 

data for January 2013 through November 2013 is available at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsrs2014.pdf. 

Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables of this release can be accessed at 

www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical seasonally adjusted data are available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/data.htm and http://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/ln. 

Table A. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 2013 and changes due to revision

January - November 2013

January ........................................... 7.9 7.9 0.0

February ......................................... 7.7 7.7 .0

March ............................................. 7.6 7.5 -.1

April ............................................... 7.5 7.5 .0

May ................................................ 7.6 7.5 -.1

June ................................................ 7.6 7.5 -.1

July ................................................ 7.4 7.3 -.1

August ........................................... 7.3 7.2 -.1

September ...................................... 7.2 7.2 .0

October .......................................... 7.3 7.2 -.1

November ...................................... 7.0 7.0 .0

Month As first

computed As revised Change

 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table B. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

2012 2013

Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . 244,350 244,663 244,828 244,995 245,175 245,363 245,552 245,756 245,959 246,168 246,381 246,567 246,745

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,485 155,699 155,511 155,099 155,359 155,609 155,822 155,693 155,435 155,473 154,625 155,284 154,937

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 63.6 63.5 63.3 63.4 63.4 63.5 63.4 63.2 63.2 62.8 63.0 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,212 143,384 143,464 143,393 143,676 143,919 144,075 144,285 144,179 144,270 143,485 144,443 144,586

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 58.6 58.6 58.6 58.5 58.6 58.7 58.7 58.7 58.6 58.6 58.2 58.6 58.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,273 12,315 12,047 11,706 11,683 11,690 11,747 11,408 11,256 11,203 11,140 10,841 10,351

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.0 6.7

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1

. . . . . . 109,308 109,448 109,541 109,635 109,736 109,839 109,943 110,054 110,172 110,292 110,414 110,515 110,613

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,681 79,984 79,897 79,731 79,868 79,867 79,855 79,871 79,610 79,757 79,267 79,700 79,464

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.9 73.1 72.9 72.7 72.8 72.7 72.6 72.6 72.3 72.3 71.8 72.1 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,924 74,084 74,183 74,190 74,161 74,137 74,265 74,301 74,015 74,151 73,808 74,373 74,467

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 67.6 67.7 67.7 67.7 67.6 67.5 67.5 67.5 67.2 67.2 66.8 67.3 67.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,757 5,900 5,714 5,541 5,707 5,729 5,590 5,570 5,595 5,605 5,459 5,328 4,997

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 7.4 7.2 6.9 7.1 7.2 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1

. . . . . . 118,170 118,348 118,433 118,520 118,612 118,708 118,804 118,907 119,018 119,131 119,246 119,341 119,433

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,031 69,817 69,770 69,629 69,764 69,871 70,099 69,986 70,115 69,898 69,652 69,871 69,831

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.3 59.0 58.9 58.7 58.8 58.9 59.0 58.9 58.9 58.7 58.4 58.5 58.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,901 64,790 64,911 64,838 65,148 65,323 65,340 65,514 65,743 65,539 65,229 65,547 65,617

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 54.9 54.7 54.8 54.7 54.9 55.0 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.0 54.7 54.9 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,131 5,027 4,859 4,791 4,616 4,548 4,760 4,473 4,372 4,359 4,423 4,323 4,214

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 7.2 7.0 6.9 6.6 6.5 6.8 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.2 6.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population1

. . . . . . 16,871 16,867 16,854 16,840 16,827 16,816 16,805 16,795 16,770 16,745 16,721 16,710 16,700

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,773 5,898 5,844 5,739 5,727 5,872 5,868 5,836 5,710 5,818 5,706 5,713 5,642

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 35.0 34.7 34.1 34.0 34.9 34.9 34.7 34.1 34.7 34.1 34.2 33.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,387 4,510 4,370 4,365 4,368 4,459 4,470 4,470 4,421 4,580 4,448 4,523 4,502

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 26.0 26.7 25.9 25.9 26.0 26.5 26.6 26.6 26.4 27.4 26.6 27.1 27.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,385 1,388 1,474 1,374 1,360 1,413 1,398 1,365 1,289 1,239 1,258 1,190 1,140

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.0 23.5 25.2 23.9 23.7 24.1 23.8 23.4 22.6 21.3 22.0 20.8 20.2

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.

- 6 -
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

Change from:

Nov. 2013-

Dec. 2013

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 244,350 246,381 246,567 246,745 178

Civilian labor force........................................................... 155,485 154,625 155,284 154,937 -347

Participation rate.......................................................... 63.6 62.8 63.0 62.8 -0.2

Employed................................................................... 143,212 143,485 144,443 144,586 143

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 58.6 58.2 58.6 58.6 0.0

Unemployed............................................................... 12,273 11,140 10,841 10,351 -490

Unemployment rate.................................................... 7.9 7.2 7.0 6.7 -0.3

Not in labor force............................................................ 88,865 91,756 91,283 91,808 525

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 7.9 7.2 7.0 6.7 -0.3

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 7.2 6.9 6.7 6.3 -0.4

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 7.3 6.4 6.2 6.0 -0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 24.0 22.0 20.8 20.2 -0.6

White.......................................................................... 6.9 6.3 6.1 5.9 -0.2

Black or African American.................................................. 14.0 13.0 12.4 11.9 -0.5

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................ 6.6 5.2 5.3 4.1 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 9.5 9.0 8.7 8.3 -0.4

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 6.5 6.0 5.8 5.6 -0.2

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 11.6 10.8 10.6 9.8 -0.8

High school graduates, no college........................................ 8.1 7.3 7.3 7.1 -0.2

Some college or associate degree........................................ 6.9 6.3 6.4 6.1 -0.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 6,475 6,162 5,731 5,366 -365

Job leavers...................................................................... 1,000 842 890 862 -28

Reentrants....................................................................... 3,615 3,104 3,065 3,036 -29

New entrants.................................................................... 1,296 1,217 1,169 1,201 32

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,688 2,794 2,439 2,255 -184

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,876 2,636 2,585 2,506 -79

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,862 1,777 1,742 1,651 -91

27 weeks and over............................................................. 4,772 4,047 4,044 3,878 -166

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 7,929 8,016 7,723 7,771 48

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 4,991 5,025 4,869 4,884 15

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,604 2,585 2,499 2,592 93

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 18,825 18,755 18,858 18,731 -127

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 2,614 2,283 2,096 2,427 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 1,068 815 762 917 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 200 241 74

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 217 226 87

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 30 51 -3

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5 1 4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 8 19 -16

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 17 31 9

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 11 21 6

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 3.3 5.6 1.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 10 3

Private service-providing1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 187 175 90

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 -5.8 9.8 15.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 55.3 21.9 55.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 0.7 34.9 -0.6

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9 2 1 -12

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9 1 4

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 52 41 19

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 13.0 12.8 40.4

Education and health services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 26 41 0

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.9 21.9 35.4 -1.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 45 20 9

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4 4 1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5 -17 15 -13

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.3 49.4 49.4 49.4

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 47.9 47.9 48.0

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.6 82.6 82.6 82.6

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.4 34.5 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $23.75 $24.11 $24.15 $24.17

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $819.38 $829.38 $833.18 $831.45

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.5 98.8 99.3 99.1

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.1 0.5 -0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.4 113.7 114.4 114.2

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.4 0.6 -0.2

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 33.6 33.7 33.6

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $19.93 $20.27 $20.32 $20.35

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $671.64 $681.07 $684.78 $683.76

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.9 106.2 106.8 106.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 -0.1 0.6 -0.3

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.6 143.8 144.9 144.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.0 0.8 -0.1

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (266 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 61.7 63.2 58.8

Manufacturing (81 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 56.8 63.6 60.5

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. 

Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on 

employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay 

for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, 

but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be 

off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such 

as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have 

to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Slightly more than 20 percent of all employees 

in the payroll survey sample have a weekly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of 

the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to 

quantify the effect of extreme weather on estimates of over-the-month change in employment. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of 

the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours. Current and historical 

data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgibin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey 

(CES; establishment survey). The household survey 

provides information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 

60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census 

Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 557,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes 

approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that 

contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment 

survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 

12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 

calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are 

counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are 

produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and 

logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing 

industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unicorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 

years of age and older. The establishment survey is 

not limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, 

and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the 

participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For 

example, in the household survey, the large number of 

youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure 

any other changes that have taken place relative to May, 

making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the 

establishment survey, payroll employment in education 

declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term 

and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the 

underlying employment trends in the industry. Because 

seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of 

the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be 

adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more 

discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more 

useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-tomonth economic activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, 

such as total payroll employment, employment in most 

major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived 

by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex 

components; this differs from the unemployment estimate 

that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by 

combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age 

categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 

error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the 

establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 

90,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment 

increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-

percent confidence interval on the monthly change would 

range from -40,000 to +140,000 (50,000 +/- 90,000). These 

figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these 

magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent 

chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this 

interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, 

we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment 

had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported 

nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the 

values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be 

greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-

percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen 

that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, 

the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change 

in unemployment as measured by the household survey is 

about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the 

unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, 

such as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely 

basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in 

the collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates 

for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete 

returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled 

preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive 

revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample 

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered 

final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 
account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment 

gains from business births. This is incorporated into the 

sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting 

sample units going out of business, but imputing to them 

the same employment trend as the other firms in the 

sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net 

birth/death employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series 

model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death 

employment not accounted for by the imputation. The 

historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual 

residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough 

proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also 

incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over 

the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total 

nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a 

range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244,350 246,567 246,745 244,350 245,959 246,168 246,381 246,567 246,745

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,904 155,046 154,408 155,485 155,435 155,473 154,625 155,284 154,937

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 62.9 62.6 63.6 63.2 63.2 62.8 63.0 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,060 144,775 144,423 143,212 144,179 144,270 143,485 144,443 144,586

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.7 58.5 58.6 58.6 58.6 58.2 58.6 58.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,844 10,271 9,984 12,273 11,256 11,203 11,140 10,841 10,351

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 6.6 6.5 7.9 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.0 6.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,445 91,521 92,338 88,865 90,524 90,695 91,756 91,283 91,808

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,532 5,437 5,932 6,725 6,241 6,118 6,100 5,779 6,111

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,902 119,011 119,103 117,902 118,700 118,807 118,916 119,011 119,103

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,190 82,397 81,985 82,536 82,499 82,806 82,186 82,554 82,323

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.7 69.2 68.8 70.0 69.5 69.7 69.1 69.4 69.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,686 76,726 76,403 76,016 76,182 76,464 76,014 76,560 76,723

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 64.5 64.1 64.5 64.2 64.4 63.9 64.3 64.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,503 5,671 5,583 6,520 6,317 6,342 6,171 5,993 5,599

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 6.9 6.8 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.3 6.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,712 36,614 37,118 35,366 36,201 36,000 36,730 36,458 36,780

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,308 110,515 110,613 109,308 110,172 110,292 110,414 110,515 110,613

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,552 79,743 79,335 79,681 79,610 79,757 79,267 79,700 79,464

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.8 72.2 71.7 72.9 72.3 72.3 71.8 72.1 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,716 74,686 74,275 73,924 74,015 74,151 73,808 74,373 74,467

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4 67.6 67.1 67.6 67.2 67.2 66.8 67.3 67.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,836 5,058 5,060 5,757 5,595 5,605 5,459 5,328 4,997

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 6.3 6.4 7.2 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,756 30,772 31,278 29,627 30,562 30,536 31,147 30,815 31,149

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,447 127,555 127,642 126,447 127,260 127,361 127,465 127,555 127,642

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,715 72,649 72,423 72,949 72,937 72,667 72,439 72,730 72,614

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 57.0 56.7 57.7 57.3 57.1 56.8 57.0 56.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,373 68,049 68,021 67,196 67,997 67,806 67,471 67,882 67,862

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.3 53.3 53.3 53.1 53.4 53.2 52.9 53.2 53.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,341 4,600 4,402 5,753 4,939 4,862 4,969 4,848 4,752

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 6.3 6.1 7.9 6.8 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,733 54,907 55,220 53,498 54,323 54,694 55,026 54,825 55,028

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,170 119,341 119,433 118,170 119,018 119,131 119,246 119,341 119,433

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,980 69,912 69,809 70,031 70,115 69,898 69,652 69,871 69,831

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 58.6 58.5 59.3 58.9 58.7 58.4 58.5 58.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,152 65,775 65,849 64,901 65,743 65,539 65,229 65,547 65,617

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 55.1 55.1 54.9 55.2 55.0 54.7 54.9 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,828 4,137 3,960 5,131 4,372 4,359 4,423 4,323 4,214

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 5.9 5.7 7.3 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.2 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,190 49,429 49,624 48,138 48,903 49,232 49,593 49,470 49,602

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,871 16,710 16,700 16,871 16,770 16,745 16,721 16,710 16,700

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,372 5,390 5,264 5,773 5,710 5,818 5,706 5,713 5,642

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.8 32.3 31.5 34.2 34.1 34.7 34.1 34.2 33.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,192 4,315 4,300 4,387 4,421 4,580 4,448 4,523 4,502

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.8 25.8 25.7 26.0 26.4 27.4 26.6 27.1 27.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,180 1,076 964 1,385 1,289 1,239 1,258 1,190 1,140

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 20.0 18.3 24.0 22.6 21.3 22.0 20.8 20.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,499 11,320 11,436 11,099 11,059 10,927 11,015 10,997 11,058

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193,849 194,833 194,927 193,849 194,489 194,610 194,734 194,833 194,927

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,404 123,123 122,621 123,741 123,327 123,123 122,621 123,050 122,879

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 63.2 62.9 63.8 63.4 63.3 63.0 63.2 63.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,213 116,056 115,640 115,221 115,463 115,374 114,901 115,514 115,623

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.4 59.6 59.3 59.4 59.4 59.3 59.0 59.3 59.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,191 7,067 6,982 8,520 7,864 7,748 7,719 7,536 7,256

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 5.7 5.7 6.9 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.1 5.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,445 71,710 72,306 70,109 71,162 71,487 72,113 71,783 72,048

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,562 64,475 64,190 64,608 64,410 64,307 64,000 64,287 64,221

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.2 72.6 72.3 73.3 72.7 72.5 72.1 72.4 72.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,415 60,871 60,538 60,546 60,417 60,414 60,107 60,480 60,637

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 68.6 68.2 68.7 68.2 68.2 67.8 68.1 68.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,148 3,605 3,652 4,063 3,993 3,893 3,893 3,806 3,584

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 5.6 5.7 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1 5.9 5.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,494 54,298 54,249 54,454 54,456 54,237 54,044 54,181 54,173

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.0 57.9 58.5 58.3 58.0 57.8 57.9 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,303 51,596 51,589 51,019 51,489 51,258 51,100 51,307 51,308

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 55.1 55.1 54.8 55.1 54.8 54.6 54.8 54.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,191 2,702 2,660 3,435 2,968 2,978 2,944 2,874 2,866

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.0 4.9 6.3 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,348 4,350 4,182 4,678 4,461 4,579 4,577 4,582 4,485

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 35.0 33.6 37.2 35.7 36.7 36.8 36.8 36.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,495 3,589 3,513 3,656 3,558 3,702 3,694 3,727 3,678

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 28.8 28.2 29.1 28.5 29.7 29.7 30.0 29.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 760 669 1,022 903 877 883 855 806

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.6 17.5 16.0 21.8 20.3 19.1 19.3 18.7 18.0

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,093 30,535 30,569 30,093 30,426 30,462 30,500 30,535 30,569

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,350 18,460 18,315 18,435 18,468 18,675 18,541 18,482 18,401

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.0 60.5 59.9 61.3 60.7 61.3 60.8 60.5 60.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,832 16,262 16,194 15,848 16,084 16,248 16,133 16,188 16,215

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.6 53.3 53.0 52.7 52.9 53.3 52.9 53.0 53.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,518 2,199 2,121 2,586 2,385 2,428 2,408 2,295 2,186

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 11.9 11.6 14.0 12.9 13.0 13.0 12.4 11.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,743 12,075 12,254 11,658 11,957 11,787 11,959 12,053 12,168

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,313 8,362 8,259 8,307 8,306 8,503 8,354 8,334 8,255

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 66.5 65.6 67.5 66.4 67.9 66.6 66.3 65.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,162 7,416 7,305 7,155 7,197 7,305 7,287 7,327 7,302

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 59.0 58.0 58.1 57.6 58.3 58.1 58.3 58.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,150 945 954 1,152 1,109 1,199 1,067 1,007 953

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 11.3 11.6 13.9 13.4 14.1 12.8 12.1 11.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,438 9,471 9,423 9,470 9,437 9,425 9,496 9,475 9,451

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 61.4 61.0 62.3 61.4 61.2 61.6 61.4 61.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,298 8,443 8,459 8,307 8,436 8,459 8,403 8,428 8,466

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.6 54.7 54.7 54.7 54.9 55.0 54.5 54.6 54.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,140 1,028 964 1,163 1,001 966 1,093 1,047 986

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 10.9 10.2 12.3 10.6 10.2 11.5 11.1 10.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 628 633 658 726 748 691 673 694

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 24.8 25.0 25.3 28.4 29.3 27.2 26.5 27.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 402 429 386 451 484 442 433 448

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 15.9 17.0 14.9 17.6 19.0 17.4 17.1 17.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 225 204 272 275 263 248 240 246

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.0 35.9 32.2 41.3 37.9 35.2 36.0 35.7 35.5

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,935 13,484 13,493 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,501 8,666 8,715 – – – – – –

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.7 64.3 64.6 – – – – – –

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,940 8,209 8,355 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 60.9 61.9 – – – – – –

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561 457 360 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 5.3 4.1 – – – – – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,434 4,819 4,778 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 37,231 37,876 37,955 37,231 37,630 37,713 37,796 37,876 37,955

Civilian labor force................................ 24,487 25,060 24,807 24,534 24,918 24,821 24,783 25,124 24,863

Participation rate............................... 65.8 66.2 65.4 65.9 66.2 65.8 65.6 66.3 65.5

Employed....................................... 22,137 22,905 22,741 22,197 22,603 22,601 22,543 22,949 22,805

Employment-population ratio............... 59.5 60.5 59.9 59.6 60.1 59.9 59.6 60.6 60.1

Unemployed.................................... 2,350 2,154 2,066 2,338 2,315 2,220 2,240 2,175 2,058

Unemployment rate......................... 9.6 8.6 8.3 9.5 9.3 8.9 9.0 8.7 8.3

Not in labor force................................. 12,744 12,817 13,148 12,697 12,712 12,892 13,013 12,753 13,092

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 13,500 13,967 13,799 – – – – – –

Participation rate............................... 80.3 81.6 80.5 – – – – – –

Employed....................................... 12,366 12,896 12,766 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio............... 73.6 75.4 74.4 – – – – – –

Unemployed.................................... 1,134 1,071 1,032 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate......................... 8.4 7.7 7.5 – – – – – –

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 9,941 10,018 9,978 – – – – – –

Participation rate............................... 59.3 58.6 58.2 – – – – – –

Employed....................................... 9,004 9,192 9,174 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio............... 53.7 53.7 53.5 – – – – – –

Unemployed.................................... 938 826 804 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate......................... 9.4 8.2 8.1 – – – – – –

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,046 1,075 1,030 – – – – – –

Participation rate............................... 28.6 29.4 28.2 – – – – – –

Employed....................................... 767 817 800 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio............... 21.0 22.4 21.9 – – – – – –

Unemployed.................................... 278 257 230 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate......................... 26.6 23.9 22.3 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 11,156 10,937 10,754 11,127 10,945 10,867 10,721 10,898 10,748

Participation rate.................................. 45.2 44.6 43.7 45.1 45.4 44.5 44.6 44.5 43.7

Employed.......................................... 9,785 9,784 9,641 9,837 9,712 9,739 9,563 9,741 9,699

Employment-population ratio................. 39.7 39.9 39.2 39.9 40.3 39.9 39.8 39.7 39.4

Unemployed....................................... 1,371 1,153 1,113 1,290 1,232 1,128 1,158 1,157 1,049

Unemployment rate............................ 12.3 10.5 10.4 11.6 11.3 10.4 10.8 10.6 9.8

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,892 35,960 36,473 36,623 36,607 36,589 36,311 35,895 36,242

Participation rate.................................. 59.4 58.3 58.4 59.0 59.0 58.9 58.4 58.2 58.0

Employed.......................................... 33,921 33,464 33,894 33,673 33,857 33,834 33,665 33,277 33,677

Employment-population ratio................. 54.6 54.2 54.3 54.2 54.6 54.5 54.2 53.9 53.9

Unemployed....................................... 2,971 2,496 2,580 2,949 2,750 2,756 2,646 2,618 2,565

Unemployment rate............................ 8.1 6.9 7.1 8.1 7.5 7.5 7.3 7.3 7.1

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,341 37,406 36,926 37,419 37,409 37,277 37,201 37,244 37,021

Participation rate.................................. 68.6 67.8 67.4 68.8 67.0 67.1 66.8 67.5 67.6

Employed.......................................... 34,857 35,121 34,730 34,851 35,114 35,007 34,852 34,872 34,750

Employment-population ratio................. 64.1 63.7 63.4 64.1 62.9 63.1 62.6 63.2 63.4

Unemployed....................................... 2,484 2,285 2,197 2,568 2,295 2,270 2,350 2,372 2,272

Unemployment rate............................ 6.7 6.1 5.9 6.9 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 48,758 49,919 49,612 48,900 49,091 49,195 49,329 49,929 49,759

Participation rate.................................. 75.7 75.2 75.0 75.9 75.4 75.3 75.0 75.2 75.3

Employed.......................................... 46,892 48,302 48,053 46,964 47,394 47,395 47,467 48,246 48,134

Employment-population ratio................. 72.8 72.8 72.7 72.9 72.8 72.6 72.2 72.7 72.8

Unemployed....................................... 1,866 1,616 1,559 1,936 1,696 1,800 1,863 1,683 1,625

Unemployment rate............................ 3.8 3.2 3.1 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.3

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2013

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,062 21,250 19,235 19,015 1,827 2,235

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,806 10,785 9,699 9,341 1,107 1,443

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.3 50.8 50.4 49.1 60.6 64.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,050 10,196 9,043 8,793 1,007 1,403

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.7 48.0 47.0 46.2 55.1 62.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757 588 656 548 100 41

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 5.5 6.8 5.9 9.1 2.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,256 10,465 9,536 9,674 720 792

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,544 2,938 2,128 2,303 416 635

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,099 2,428 1,805 1,945 294 483

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.5 82.6 84.8 84.4 70.8 76.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,874 2,250 1,625 1,778 248 472

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.7 76.6 76.4 77.2 59.7 74.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 178 180 166 46 11

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 7.3 9.9 8.6 15.7 2.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 511 323 358 122 152

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,044 3,130 2,529 2,562 515 568

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,534 2,654 2,154 2,245 380 409

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.2 84.8 85.2 87.6 73.7 72.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,395 2,528 2,043 2,131 352 396

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.7 80.7 80.8 83.2 68.3 69.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 127 111 114 28 13

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 4.8 5.2 5.1 7.3 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 476 375 317 135 159

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,726 9,656 9,403 9,298 322 358

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,960 2,691 2,868 2,599 93 92

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.4 27.9 30.5 28.0 28.7 25.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,776 2,542 2,685 2,455 91 87

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.5 26.3 28.6 26.4 28.2 24.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 149 183 144 1 5

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 5.6 6.4 5.5 1.6 5.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,765 6,965 6,535 6,699 230 266

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,748 5,526 5,175 4,852 574 674

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,213 3,011 2,872 2,552 341 460

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 54.5 55.5 52.6 59.4 68.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,005 2,877 2,689 2,428 316 448

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.3 52.1 52.0 50.1 55.0 66.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 135 183 123 25 11

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 4.5 6.4 4.8 7.3 2.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,536 2,514 2,303 2,300 233 214

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214,280 216,600 94,027 95,615 120,253 120,985

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,344 141,800 71,654 71,750 70,690 70,050

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.4 65.5 76.2 75.0 58.8 57.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,668 132,788 66,012 66,919 65,656 65,869

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 61.3 70.2 70.0 54.6 54.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,676 9,012 5,642 4,831 5,034 4,181

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 6.4 7.9 6.7 7.1 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,936 74,800 22,374 23,865 49,562 50,935

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Beginning with data for January 2013, estimates for veterans incorporate population

controls derived from the updated Department of Veterans Affairs’ population model.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2013

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 28,705 28,519 215,645 218,226

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,893 5,345 149,011 149,062

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.5 18.7 69.1 68.3

Employed............................................................................. 5,202 4,711 137,858 139,712

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.1 16.5 63.9 64.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 691 634 11,154 9,350

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.7 11.9 7.5 6.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 22,812 23,173 66,634 69,164

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,683 2,276 75,081 75,198

Participation rate..................................................................... 34.2 30.6 82.3 81.7

Employed............................................................................. 2,308 1,960 69,228 70,170

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.4 26.3 75.9 76.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 375 316 5,853 5,028

Unemployment rate............................................................... 14.0 13.9 7.8 6.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,164 5,166 16,135 16,898

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,190 2,141 67,072 66,638

Participation rate..................................................................... 28.6 27.7 70.6 69.9

Employed............................................................................. 1,935 1,866 62,176 62,680

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 25.3 24.1 65.5 65.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 254 275 4,896 3,958

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.6 12.9 7.3 5.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,463 5,598 27,866 28,676

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,020 928 6,858 7,226

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.7 7.0 23.3 23.4

Employed............................................................................. 959 885 6,454 6,862

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.3 6.6 21.9 22.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 61 43 404 364

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.0 4.7 5.9 5.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 12,185 12,410 22,632 23,590

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2013

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 37,999 38,481 18,386 18,559 19,613 19,922

Civilian labor force.................................................. 25,248 25,429 14,468 14,669 10,780 10,761

Participation rate.................................................. 66.4 66.1 78.7 79.0 55.0 54.0

Employed.......................................................... 23,216 23,787 13,386 13,790 9,830 9,997

Employment-population ratio................................. 61.1 61.8 72.8 74.3 50.1 50.2

Unemployed....................................................... 2,032 1,642 1,082 879 951 763

Unemployment rate............................................ 8.0 6.5 7.5 6.0 8.8 7.1

Not in labor force.................................................... 12,751 13,052 3,918 3,891 8,833 9,161

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 206,351 208,264 99,516 100,544 106,835 107,720

Civilian labor force.................................................. 129,656 128,979 67,722 67,317 61,934 61,662

Participation rate.................................................. 62.8 61.9 68.1 67.0 58.0 57.2

Employed.......................................................... 119,844 120,636 62,300 62,613 57,544 58,023

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.1 57.9 62.6 62.3 53.9 53.9

Unemployed....................................................... 9,812 8,342 5,422 4,704 4,391 3,639

Unemployment rate............................................ 7.6 6.5 8.0 7.0 7.1 5.9

Not in labor force.................................................... 76,695 79,286 31,795 33,227 44,900 46,058

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 1,922 2,050 2,075 2,066 2,205 2,208 2,208 2,139 2,229

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,205 1,258 1,301 1,276 1,370 1,399 1,348 1,310 1,377

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 683 754 742 747 819 774 796 780 812

Unpaid family workers........................... 33 38 32 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 141,138 142,725 142,348 141,121 141,918 142,058 141,449 142,317 142,337

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 132,234 134,074 133,911 132,160 133,247 133,323 132,859 133,694 133,858

Government..................................... 20,839 20,211 20,280 20,643 20,373 20,172 19,706 20,086 20,063

Private industries............................... 111,395 113,863 113,631 111,559 112,926 113,138 113,184 113,610 113,818

Private households.......................... 732 849 837 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 110,663 113,014 112,794 110,747 112,252 112,454 112,370 112,760 112,918

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,819 8,589 8,380 8,953 8,646 8,614 8,528 8,547 8,506

Unpaid family workers........................... 85 62 57 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 8,166 7,563 7,990 7,929 7,898 7,914 8,016 7,723 7,771

Slack work or business conditions............. 5,154 4,793 5,022 4,991 4,788 4,955 5,025 4,869 4,884

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,593 2,504 2,579 2,604 2,663 2,548 2,585 2,499 2,592

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,308 19,628 19,194 18,825 19,305 18,919 18,755 18,858 18,731

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 8,038 7,478 7,848 7,823 7,765 7,850 7,921 7,619 7,650

Slack work or business conditions............. 5,087 4,738 4,927 4,936 4,734 4,895 4,967 4,807 4,801

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,568 2,494 2,570 2,577 2,676 2,548 2,593 2,484 2,586

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,993 19,320 18,836 18,541 18,817 18,627 18,438 18,593 18,436

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,060 144,775 144,423 143,212 144,179 144,270 143,485 144,443 144,586

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,192 4,315 4,300 4,387 4,421 4,580 4,448 4,523 4,502

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,342 1,519 1,439 1,425 1,430 1,476 1,512 1,555 1,530

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,849 2,796 2,860 2,934 3,007 3,102 2,943 2,917 2,943

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,868 140,460 140,124 138,825 139,758 139,690 139,037 139,920 140,083

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,412 13,789 13,806 13,501 13,568 13,689 13,685 13,733 13,875

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,456 126,671 126,318 125,426 126,192 126,013 125,519 126,232 126,289

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,305 94,953 94,708 94,257 94,431 94,492 94,014 94,562 94,660

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,162 31,652 31,651 31,082 31,173 31,287 31,206 31,430 31,546

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,523 30,814 30,736 30,518 30,778 30,761 30,579 30,682 30,741

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,620 32,487 32,321 32,656 32,480 32,443 32,228 32,450 32,372

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,151 31,718 31,609 31,170 31,761 31,521 31,505 31,670 31,629

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,686 76,726 76,403 76,016 76,182 76,464 76,014 76,560 76,723

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,971 2,040 2,128 2,092 2,167 2,313 2,206 2,188 2,257

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632 693 690 683 684 720 737 752 743

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,339 1,348 1,438 1,386 1,505 1,593 1,477 1,421 1,489

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,716 74,686 74,275 73,924 74,015 74,151 73,808 74,373 74,467

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,969 7,101 7,020 7,061 6,969 7,044 6,998 7,045 7,097

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,747 67,585 67,255 66,904 67,123 67,112 66,927 67,345 67,400

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,286 50,794 50,540 50,381 50,405 50,453 50,252 50,591 50,626

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,801 17,117 17,021 16,800 16,807 16,904 16,820 16,953 17,007

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,437 16,635 16,583 16,459 16,573 16,548 16,552 16,563 16,610

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,048 17,042 16,936 17,122 17,025 17,001 16,879 17,075 17,009

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,460 16,790 16,714 16,523 16,718 16,659 16,676 16,755 16,774

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,373 68,049 68,021 67,196 67,997 67,806 67,471 67,882 67,862

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,221 2,275 2,172 2,295 2,254 2,266 2,242 2,335 2,246

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710 826 749 743 746 756 775 803 787

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,511 1,448 1,422 1,548 1,502 1,509 1,466 1,497 1,454

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,152 65,775 65,849 64,901 65,743 65,539 65,229 65,547 65,617

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,443 6,688 6,786 6,440 6,599 6,646 6,687 6,688 6,778

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,709 59,086 59,063 58,522 59,069 58,901 58,591 58,887 58,888

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,019 44,159 44,168 43,875 44,026 44,038 43,762 43,971 44,034

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,361 14,535 14,630 14,282 14,365 14,383 14,386 14,477 14,539

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,086 14,179 14,153 14,059 14,205 14,214 14,027 14,118 14,131

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,572 15,445 15,385 15,534 15,456 15,442 15,349 15,376 15,363

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,690 14,927 14,895 14,646 15,043 14,862 14,829 14,916 14,855

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,014 44,480 44,030 43,920 43,973 43,720 43,832 44,162 43,939

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,942 34,695 34,807 34,550 34,701 34,523 34,333 34,366 34,404

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,125 9,184 9,230 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,079 116,875 116,661 115,735 116,301 116,883 116,306 116,951 117,278

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,980 27,900 27,762 27,560 27,888 27,421 27,211 27,461 27,372

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,081 6,973 6,934 7,032 7,048 7,007 6,948 6,880 6,877

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,175 5,330 5,433 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,502 9,343 9,122 9,700 9,466 9,388 9,323 9,327 9,317

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 12,273 10,841 10,351 7.9 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.0 6.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 1,385 1,190 1,140 24.0 22.6 21.3 22.0 20.8 20.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 511 479 478 26.4 26.0 25.4 23.8 23.6 23.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 869 701 658 22.9 21.5 19.6 21.1 19.4 18.3

20 years and over................................ 10,888 9,651 9,212 7.3 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 2,178 1,808 1,733 13.9 12.8 12.8 12.2 11.6 11.1

25 years and over.............................. 8,718 7,840 7,469 6.5 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.8 5.6

25 to 54 years............................... 6,793 6,198 5,795 6.7 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.2 5.8

25 to 34 years............................. 2,601 2,507 2,326 7.7 7.8 7.3 7.2 7.4 6.9

35 to 44 years............................. 2,162 1,833 1,741 6.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.4

45 to 54 years............................. 2,030 1,858 1,728 5.9 5.5 5.5 5.9 5.4 5.1

55 years and over........................... 1,947 1,619 1,700 5.9 5.1 5.3 5.4 4.9 5.1

Men, 16 years and over............................ 6,520 5,993 5,599 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.3 6.8

16 to 19 years..................................... 763 666 602 26.7 25.0 24.1 24.4 23.3 21.1

16 to 17 years.................................. 241 247 242 26.1 26.5 28.0 23.3 24.7 24.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 506 416 348 26.8 25.1 22.6 25.3 22.7 18.9

20 years and over................................ 5,757 5,328 4,997 7.2 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,137 991 945 13.9 14.2 14.7 13.7 12.3 11.8

25 years and over.............................. 4,612 4,337 4,050 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.1 5.7

25 to 54 years............................... 3,523 3,411 3,111 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.3 5.8

25 to 34 years............................. 1,400 1,371 1,288 7.7 8.4 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.0

35 to 44 years............................. 1,077 1,027 931 6.1 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.3

45 to 54 years............................. 1,045 1,012 893 5.8 5.6 5.7 6.0 5.6 5.0

55 years and over........................... 1,089 927 938 6.2 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.2 5.3

Women, 16 years and over........................ 5,753 4,848 4,752 7.9 6.8 6.7 6.9 6.7 6.5

16 to 19 years..................................... 622 525 538 21.3 20.1 18.1 19.6 18.3 19.3

16 to 17 years.................................. 270 233 235 26.6 25.5 22.8 24.2 22.5 23.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 363 285 310 19.0 17.6 16.2 16.4 16.0 17.6

20 years and over................................ 5,131 4,323 4,214 7.3 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.2 6.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,041 817 787 13.9 11.3 10.7 10.7 10.9 10.4

25 years and over.............................. 4,106 3,503 3,420 6.6 5.7 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.5

25 to 54 years............................... 3,270 2,787 2,684 6.9 6.0 5.9 6.1 6.0 5.7

25 to 34 years............................. 1,201 1,136 1,038 7.8 7.0 6.9 6.9 7.3 6.7

35 to 44 years............................. 1,085 806 810 7.2 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.4 5.4

45 to 54 years............................. 984 846 835 6.0 5.3 5.3 5.7 5.2 5.2

55 years and over1

.......................... 794 661 709 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.2 4.5

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present...................... 2,139 1,916 1,744 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.2 3.8

Married women, spouse present.................. 1,891 1,605 1,602 5.2 4.2 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.5

Women who maintain families1

.................... 1,166 982 884 11.3 11.0 8.8 9.5 9.7 8.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2................................... 10,412 9,176 8,566 8.3 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.3 6.8

Part-time workers3.................................. 1,794 1,631 1,722 6.1 5.7 5.8 5.5 5.6 5.9

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 6,592 5,400 5,460 6,475 5,887 5,803 6,162 5,731 5,366

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,244 912 1,109 1,110 1,059 1,091 1,507 1,128 997

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 5,348 4,488 4,351 5,365 4,828 4,712 4,655 4,603 4,369

Permanent job losers.......................... 4,070 3,329 3,192 4,099 3,638 3,531 3,496 3,428 3,219

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 1,278 1,160 1,159 1,266 1,190 1,181 1,159 1,174 1,150

Job leavers........................................... 933 874 802 1,000 890 984 842 890 862

Reentrants............................................ 3,228 2,935 2,715 3,615 3,116 3,165 3,104 3,065 3,036

New entrants......................................... 1,092 1,062 1,007 1,296 1,295 1,211 1,217 1,169 1,201

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 55.7 52.6 54.7 52.3 52.6 52.0 54.4 52.8 51.3

On temporary layoff.............................. 10.5 8.9 11.1 9.0 9.5 9.8 13.3 10.4 9.5

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 45.2 43.7 43.6 43.3 43.2 42.2 41.1 42.4 41.8

Job leavers........................................... 7.9 8.5 8.0 8.1 8.0 8.8 7.4 8.2 8.2

Reentrants............................................ 27.3 28.6 27.2 29.2 27.9 28.4 27.4 28.2 29.0

New entrants......................................... 9.2 10.3 10.1 10.5 11.6 10.9 10.7 10.8 11.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 4.3 3.5 3.5 4.2 3.8 3.7 4.0 3.7 3.5

Job leavers........................................... 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6

Reentrants............................................ 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

New entrants......................................... 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,678 2,155 2,236 2,688 2,527 2,571 2,794 2,439 2,255

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,732 2,449 2,376 2,876 2,738 2,685 2,636 2,585 2,506

15 weeks and over.................................. 6,435 5,666 5,372 6,634 5,973 5,927 5,824 5,786 5,530

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,817 1,677 1,619 1,862 1,704 1,802 1,777 1,742 1,651

27 weeks and over............................... 4,618 3,989 3,753 4,772 4,269 4,125 4,047 4,044 3,878

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 37.0 37.9 36.2 38.0 37.0 36.8 36.0 37.1 37.1

Median duration, in weeks......................... 18.1 18.0 17.5 17.8 16.5 16.4 16.5 17.0 17.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 22.6 21.0 22.4 22.0 22.5 23.0 24.8 22.6 21.9

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 23.1 23.8 23.8 23.6 24.4 24.0 23.4 23.9 24.4

15 weeks and over.................................. 54.3 55.2 53.8 54.4 53.2 53.0 51.7 53.5 53.7

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 15.3 16.3 16.2 15.3 15.2 16.1 15.8 16.1 16.0

27 weeks and over............................... 39.0 38.8 37.6 39.1 38.0 36.9 36.0 37.4 37.7

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2013

Total, 16 years and over1............................................. 143,060 144,423 11,844 9,984 7.6 6.5

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 54,635 54,880 2,221 1,637 3.9 2.9

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 22,757 22,754 963 729 4.1 3.1

Professional and related occupations.......................... 31,877 32,126 1,258 908 3.8 2.7

Service occupations................................................ 25,075 25,704 2,465 2,127 9.0 7.6

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,497 33,631 2,515 2,279 7.0 6.3

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,396 15,450 1,161 1,043 7.0 6.3

Office and administrative support occupations............... 18,101 18,181 1,354 1,237 7.0 6.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 12,811 12,988 1,722 1,369 11.8 9.5

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 863 868 194 135 18.3 13.4

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,069 7,094 1,194 973 14.4 12.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,879 5,026 334 262 6.4 5.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,042 17,220 1,788 1,512 9.5 8.1

Production occupations.......................................... 8,357 8,471 846 707 9.2 7.7

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 8,685 8,749 943 804 9.8 8.4

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2013

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 11,844 9,984 7.6 6.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 9,104 7,662 7.6 6.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 58 38 6.3 3.6

Construction.......................................................................... 1,105 958 13.5 11.4

Manufacturing........................................................................ 1,145 854 7.5 5.5

Durable goods..................................................................... 706 571 7.3 5.8

Nondurable goods................................................................ 439 283 7.7 5.0

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,430 1,253 7.0 6.2

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 369 379 6.1 6.2

Information............................................................................ 229 133 8.0 4.8

Financial activities................................................................... 386 394 4.1 4.2

Professional and business services............................................... 1,307 1,139 8.7 7.3

Education and health services..................................................... 1,177 897 5.2 4.0

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,426 1,194 10.8 9.0

Other services........................................................................ 472 423 7.1 6.6

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 209 170 15.1 12.0

Government workers................................................................... 874 627 4.0 3.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 566 518 5.6 5.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2012

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Aug.

2013

Sept.

2013

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013

Dec.

2013

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 4.2 3.7 3.5 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 4.3 3.5 3.5 4.2 3.8 3.7 4.0 3.7 3.5

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 7.6 6.6 6.5 7.9 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.0 6.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 8.3 7.1 7.0 8.5 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.2

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 9.2 7.9 7.9 9.4 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.2 8.1

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 14.4 12.7 13.0 14.4 13.6 13.6 13.7 13.1 13.1

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2012

Dec.

2013

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 89,445 92,338 35,712 37,118 53,733 55,220

Persons who currently want a job................................ 6,532 5,932 3,064 2,781 3,467 3,151

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,614 2,427 1,303 1,236 1,311 1,191

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 1,068 917 636 524 433 394

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,545 1,510 667 712 878 798

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,081 6,934 3,485 3,254 3,597 3,679

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.3 5.3 5.4

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,591 3,550 1,976 1,824 1,615 1,726

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,118 1,969 729 662 1,390 1,308

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 228 273 137 183 91 90

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,088 1,091 608 567 481 524

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Change

from:

Nov.2013 -

Dec.2013p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,560 137,523 137,999 137,753 134,691 136,562 136,803 136,877 74

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,321 115,314 115,662 115,542 112,817 114,715 114,941 115,028 87

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,416 18,971 18,871 18,659 18,522 18,704 18,755 18,752 -3

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855 895 886 886 860 886 887 891 4

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.8 54.3 55.5 52.7 50.6 51.9 53.9 52.3 -1.6

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.0 840.9 830.9 833.6 809.2 834.3 833.1 838.2 5.1

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190.9 198.2 198.9 201.5 191.7 199.1 200.1 201.9 1.8

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219.8 226.0 223.3 219.5 224.3 222.8 223.5 223.3 -0.2

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.4 85.6 84.9 85.6 83.8 86.0 85.9 85.9 0.0

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.3 416.7 408.7 412.6 393.2 412.4 409.5 413.0 3.5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,622 6,052 5,961 5,745 5,711 5,830 5,849 5,833 -16

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,248.3 1,316.2 1,301.8 1,287.1 1,249.6 1,279.8 1,282.8 1,286.4 3.6

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575.5 611.3 605.3 603.1 574.4 594.9 596.4 601.2 4.8

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672.8 704.9 696.5 684.0 675.2 684.9 686.4 685.2 -1.2

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 847.2 960.8 926.7 849.4 884.6 894.0 893.9 885.1 -8.8

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,526.2 3,774.5 3,732.0 3,608.8 3,576.5 3,656.0 3,672.6 3,661.1 -11.5

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,472.4 1,615.5 1,597.6 1,543.5 1,502.6 1,562.3 1,574.2 1,575.6 1.4

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,053.8 2,159.0 2,134.4 2,065.3 2,073.9 2,093.7 2,098.4 2,085.5 -12.9

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,939 12,024 12,024 12,028 11,951 11,988 12,019 12,028 9

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,490 7,548 7,564 7,574 7,494 7,543 7,564 7,570 6

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342.0 354.8 353.6 352.9 343.9 353.0 353.1 353.0 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360.5 376.8 376.6 368.0 365.6 371.1 373.6 372.1 -1.5

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397.3 392.2 393.4 397.1 398.3 392.4 394.8 398.3 3.5

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,421.9 1,449.1 1,452.1 1,455.9 1,424.0 1,446.8 1,451.5 1,456.5 5.0

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,103.0 1,104.0 1,104.4 1,109.2 1,100.9 1,105.4 1,106.6 1,106.9 0.3

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,088.3 1,078.3 1,077.1 1,078.8 1,086.7 1,079.3 1,080.1 1,077.7 -2.4

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 158.8 163.5 164.2 165.1 158.4 163.9 164.7 165.0 0.3

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.8 104.5 103.9 104.3 108.3 104.8 104.1 104.0 -0.1

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382.9 377.2 378.0 381.3 382.5 377.8 379.6 381.0 1.4

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397.4 394.5 392.7 390.5 397.4 394.4 393.8 390.3 -3.5

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 369.5 364.5 364.7 366.3 368.3 364.7 365.1 365.3 0.2

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,478.4 1,494.5 1,503.7 1,511.1 1,474.9 1,497.3 1,502.8 1,506.6 3.8

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788.6 819.6 826.1 827.8 786.0 819.2 824.8 825.8 1.0

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348.3 356.1 356.6 355.2 350.8 356.0 358.3 357.1 -1.2

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581.1 578.1 581.7 579.2 580.1 577.0 577.6 576.9 -0.7

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,449 4,476 4,460 4,454 4,457 4,445 4,455 4,458 3

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,463.1 1,491.1 1,481.1 1,480.5 1,465.6 1,466.9 1,475.5 1,480.8 5.3

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.3 115.0 114.6 115.0 115.7 115.1 114.5 115.5 1.0

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.8 113.9 114.3 112.9 117.5 113.4 113.4 112.4 -1.0

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.3 140.7 140.9 140.0 148.1 140.5 140.3 139.9 -0.4

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.5 373.8 374.1 375.5 377.2 374.3 374.8 375.1 0.3

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 458.2 445.1 445.2 442.5 457.3 443.9 443.3 441.1 -2.2

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.1 116.7 115.7 115.5 115.0 114.1 115.5 117.1 1.6

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787.1 791.3 792.9 793.4 787.1 793.2 795.1 793.3 -1.8

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648.6 655.5 656.5 658.1 649.6 656.6 658.3 659.9 1.6

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220.6 233.1 225.0 220.2 223.4 227.1 224.3 222.8 -1.5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,905 96,343 96,791 96,883 94,295 96,011 96,186 96,276 90

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,425 26,187 26,728 26,992 25,769 26,150 26,217 26,286 69

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,723.6 5,795.8 5,804.0 5,821.1 5,715.3 5,785.1 5,794.9 5,810.3 15.4

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,849.3 2,881.3 2,881.7 2,888.9 2,847.7 2,879.1 2,882.1 2,886.0 3.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,994.7 2,014.6 2,019.5 2,018.1 1,990.4 2,006.9 2,010.5 2,012.8 2.3

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879.6 899.9 902.8 914.1 877.2 899.1 902.3 911.5 9.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,538.3 15,303.3 15,768.7 15,945.2 15,004.1 15,307.7 15,329.6 15,384.9 55.3

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,736.2 1,796.1 1,798.3 1,796.2 1,747.4 1,790.5 1,799.9 1,807.2 7.3

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,098.5 1,135.3 1,138.0 1,138.4 1,103.2 1,132.2 1,138.6 1,143.9 5.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Change

from:

Nov.2013 -

Dec.2013p

Retail trade - Continued

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 470.8 456.9 473.3 483.4 446.5 453.1 454.7 458.2 3.5

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 538.4 531.0 559.3 560.6 513.3 529.1 527.0 530.2 3.2

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,138.6 1,189.8 1,185.4 1,177.5 1,177.1 1,209.7 1,212.5 1,213.7 1.2

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,913.0 2,961.4 2,976.9 2,991.3 2,887.1 2,956.5 2,951.5 2,963.3 11.8

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,036.1 1,040.5 1,049.6 1,060.5 1,017.7 1,041.2 1,036.6 1,041.5 4.9

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844.8 869.5 869.5 863.1 846.3 867.9 866.3 865.1 -1.2

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,620.1 1,427.7 1,562.9 1,614.5 1,454.1 1,433.7 1,434.1 1,445.7 11.6

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619.7 596.0 651.5 665.9 576.4 598.9 608.4 613.6 5.2

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,314.8 3,147.6 3,338.6 3,419.9 3,088.5 3,166.3 3,180.8 3,188.4 7.6

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,638.8 1,479.8 1,614.4 1,674.9 1,475.4 1,499.9 1,505.7 1,508.8 3.1

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826.4 818.6 820.4 823.6 807.4 806.6 806.6 806.0 -0.6

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479.4 468.2 483.0 488.7 442.3 454.2 451.2 452.0 0.8

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,609.2 4,533.2 4,600.3 4,672.6 4,493.8 4,501.7 4,536.6 4,536.0 -0.6

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449.6 444.6 445.8 450.4 450.8 446.4 449.6 451.6 2.0

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230.0 229.8 229.8 229.8 230.4 229.9 229.9 230.4 0.5

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 63.2 62.8 62.9 62.7 62.6 63.4 63.4 0.0

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,368.4 1,403.5 1,405.8 1,394.4 1,370.8 1,387.2 1,395.5 1,395.6 0.1

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478.6 490.4 494.5 496.2 462.1 472.5 477.0 478.3 1.3

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 45.4 45.4 45.5 44.2 45.4 45.6 45.4 -0.2

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 22.8 26.0 22.2 21.4 27.2 25.4 25.1 25.7 0.6

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 592.8 593.6 593.5 597.1 589.1 591.0 591.6 592.4 0.8

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648.7 526.7 579.4 651.8 560.3 540.9 554.4 548.0 -6.4

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711.8 710.0 721.1 723.1 696.2 700.4 704.5 705.2 0.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.1 555.0 554.5 553.0 555.3 555.5 556.3 554.6 -1.7

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,685 2,672 2,697 2,673 2,676 2,683 2,684 2,672 -12

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 733.9 727.6 729.1 730.6 729.9 725.8 726.7 727.0 0.3

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.3 355.4 378.5 347.6 379.3 368.1 370.4 356.7 -13.7

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287.1 288.8 288.8 287.7 285.8 287.9 287.2 286.0 -1.2

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854.2 858.8 858.4 863.0 851.1 859.9 858.7 860.4 1.7

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.9 254.3 254.7 256.4 251.6 254.7 254.5 255.0 0.5

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179.8 187.5 187.1 187.6 178.5 186.9 186.8 186.4 -0.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,846 7,912 7,908 7,925 7,831 7,910 7,911 7,915 4

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,888.5 5,904.9 5,909.1 5,921.4 5,869.9 5,907.3 5,903.7 5,907.4 3.7

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 17.4 16.9 17.3 16.9 17.3 16.7 17.0 16.7 -0.3

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,610.5 2,591.4 2,587.4 2,589.4 2,601.9 2,595.1 2,587.1 2,584.9 -2.2

Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . 1,742.6 1,718.0 1,716.3 1,715.2 1,739.1 1,721.5 1,718.4 1,713.7 -4.7

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,316.5 1,288.2 1,285.1 1,282.4 1,314.7 1,290.0 1,287.0 1,281.8 -5.2

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819.9 834.3 833.4 835.8 818.0 833.5 831.9 835.0 3.1

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,353.3 2,375.6 2,384.2 2,391.8 2,346.1 2,375.2 2,381.0 2,384.1 3.1

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles.. . 87.4 86.7 86.8 87.5 86.6 86.8 86.7 86.7 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,957.4 2,007.3 1,999.0 2,003.8 1,961.2 2,002.4 2,006.8 2,007.3 0.5

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,426.5 1,458.7 1,452.9 1,457.4 1,423.0 1,454.6 1,456.1 1,454.4 -1.7

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506.9 526.1 523.5 523.6 514.6 525.3 528.3 530.5 2.2

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 24.0 22.5 22.6 22.8 23.6 22.5 22.4 22.4 0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,237 18,898 18,902 18,858 18,152 18,729 18,770 18,789 19

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 8,040.5 8,143.6 8,177.3 8,216.3 7,995.8 8,171.6 8,191.1 8,179.4 -11.7

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,131.9 1,131.2 1,129.8 1,130.6 1,128.0 1,129.3 1,127.8 1,127.0 -0.8

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 924.1 880.6 903.2 930.5 914.5 946.8 951.9 927.2 -24.7

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,336.3 1,372.8 1,370.3 1,374.1 1,336.0 1,365.7 1,368.8 1,374.1 5.3

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,664.1 1,713.0 1,719.4 1,717.1 1,658.5 1,706.8 1,711.4 1,712.8 1.4

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,158.9 1,211.0 1,211.0 1,217.6 1,145.4 1,200.5 1,200.9 1,204.8 3.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Change

from:

Nov.2013 -

Dec.2013p

Professional and business services - Continued

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,028.9 2,055.8 2,059.9 2,063.1 2,020.9 2,055.3 2,057.6 2,058.3 0.7

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,167.5 8,698.3 8,664.4 8,578.8 8,135.2 8,502.5 8,520.8 8,551.1 30.3

Administrative and support services1

. . . . . . . . 7,794.3 8,318.4 8,286.5 8,204.4 7,759.3 8,124.6 8,142.4 8,173.4 31.0

Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,304.9 3,570.6 3,573.3 3,588.5 3,213.6 3,452.0 3,465.2 3,499.3 34.1

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,651.2 2,867.9 2,871.8 2,889.3 2,569.2 2,763.4 2,776.2 2,816.6 40.4

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856.7 869.2 888.3 888.3 834.5 859.4 868.0 864.6 -3.4

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,766.9 1,938.2 1,897.3 1,809.1 1,840.8 1,889.1 1,888.2 1,884.9 -3.3

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.2 379.9 377.9 374.4 375.9 377.9 378.4 377.7 -0.7

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,673 20,964 21,052 20,991 20,496 20,782 20,823 20,823 0

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,463.0 3,529.6 3,570.1 3,500.5 3,344.7 3,381.8 3,388.0 3,388.6 0.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,209.5 17,434.2 17,481.8 17,490.9 17,150.9 17,399.7 17,435.1 17,434.1 -1.0

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,492.7 14,657.9 14,697.9 14,699.7 14,453.7 14,636.7 14,667.3 14,661.3 -6.0

Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . . 6,441.9 6,597.2 6,621.4 6,620.0 6,419.3 6,578.3 6,603.5 6,599.4 -4.1

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,433.0 2,463.7 2,470.3 2,476.9 2,417.9 2,454.4 2,462.0 2,460.8 -1.2

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670.6 703.5 707.1 712.5 669.7 703.2 707.6 711.2 3.6

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,244.4 1,304.3 1,315.1 1,309.5 1,239.5 1,301.0 1,310.8 1,307.1 -3.7

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,831.0 4,834.5 4,843.4 4,841.6 4,823.4 4,833.7 4,835.6 4,833.2 -2.4

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,219.8 3,226.2 3,233.1 3,238.1 3,211.0 3,224.7 3,228.2 3,228.7 0.5

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,669.9 1,658.6 1,657.4 1,654.1 1,665.5 1,657.3 1,654.4 1,650.5 -3.9

Social assistance1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,716.8 2,776.3 2,783.9 2,791.2 2,697.2 2,763.0 2,767.8 2,772.8 5.0

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869.7 874.0 875.4 871.4 857.3 858.6 859.0 858.2 -0.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,591 14,219 14,016 13,963 13,901 14,262 14,282 14,291 9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,825.6 2,002.7 1,892.4 1,875.8 1,982.0 2,042.2 2,043.1 2,037.7 -5.4

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 396.9 435.3 415.1 395.6 414.0 429.9 428.0 416.4 -11.6

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.1 138.5 135.3 133.0 137.4 138.7 140.4 139.7 -0.7

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,298.6 1,428.9 1,342.0 1,347.2 1,430.6 1,473.6 1,474.7 1,481.6 6.9

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 11,765.8 12,216.2 12,123.9 12,087.4 11,919.2 12,219.3 12,238.6 12,253.0 14.4

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,755.2 1,831.2 1,783.0 1,782.8 1,818.3 1,840.1 1,841.0 1,846.0 5.0

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 10,010.6 10,385.0 10,340.9 10,304.6 10,100.9 10,379.2 10,397.6 10,407.0 9.4

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,448 5,491 5,488 5,481 5,470 5,495 5,499 5,500 1

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,191.3 1,201.1 1,195.4 1,197.4 1,199.7 1,199.7 1,200.2 1,204.5 4.3

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,328.2 1,347.7 1,347.0 1,346.3 1,328.3 1,349.6 1,346.5 1,345.9 -0.6

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,928.7 2,942.6 2,945.9 2,937.3 2,941.5 2,945.3 2,951.9 2,949.8 -2.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,239 22,209 22,337 22,211 21,874 21,847 21,862 21,849 -13

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,798.0 2,711.0 2,711.0 2,727.0 2,799.0 2,717.0 2,722.0 2,720.0 -2.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,189.9 2,120.6 2,120.9 2,123.9 2,194.8 2,128.9 2,129.5 2,125.3 -4.2

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608.3 590.2 590.3 603.3 603.7 587.8 592.3 594.5 2.2

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,150.0 5,205.0 5,238.0 5,160.0 5,040.0 5,048.0 5,053.0 5,051.0 -2.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,502.1 2,556.7 2,590.6 2,518.5 2,381.3 2,391.2 2,397.2 2,398.0 0.8

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,648.1 2,648.3 2,646.9 2,641.7 2,658.6 2,656.9 2,655.9 2,652.5 -3.4

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,291.0 14,293.0 14,388.0 14,324.0 14,035.0 14,082.0 14,087.0 14,078.0 -9.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,097.0 8,040.8 8,145.9 8,101.9 7,763.2 7,791.5 7,793.6 7,778.7 -14.9

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,194.0 6,252.1 6,242.2 6,221.7 6,271.3 6,290.5 6,293.3 6,298.8 5.5

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.4 34.5 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.4 40.4 40.6 40.5

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.5 44.3 44.6 45.0

Construction....................................................................... 39.3 38.8 39.0 38.8

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.8 40.9 41.0 41.0

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.0 41.3 41.5 41.3

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.4 40.1 40.2 40.3

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.5 34.5 34.4 34.5

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.6 38.8 38.8 38.7

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.4 31.3 31.2 31.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.4 38.8 38.8 38.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.2 41.9 41.6 42.0

Information......................................................................... 36.5 36.7 36.6 36.7

Financial activities................................................................ 37.2 37.1 37.2 37.1

Professional and business services............................................ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.1

Education and health services.................................................. 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.1 25.8 26.0 25.9

Other services..................................................................... 31.5 31.6 31.7 31.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.5

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.5

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Total private............................................... $23.75 $24.11 $24.15 $24.17 $819.38 $829.38 $833.18 $831.45

Goods-producing....................................... 24.89 25.34 25.39 25.45 1,005.56 1,023.74 1,030.83 1,030.73

Mining and logging.................................. 29.14 30.22 30.31 30.20 1,267.59 1,338.75 1,351.83 1,359.00

Construction.......................................... 25.97 26.24 26.25 26.37 1,020.62 1,018.11 1,023.75 1,023.16

Manufacturing........................................ 24.07 24.54 24.60 24.64 982.06 1,003.69 1,008.60 1,010.24

Durable goods.................................... 25.44 25.93 25.98 26.03 1,043.04 1,070.91 1,078.17 1,075.04

Nondurable goods................................ 21.72 22.12 22.18 22.23 877.49 887.01 891.64 895.87

Private service-providing.............................. 23.47 23.82 23.85 23.87 781.55 793.21 794.21 792.48

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 20.73 21.07 21.10 21.09 715.19 726.92 725.84 727.61

Wholesale trade.................................. 27.36 27.84 27.94 28.01 1,056.10 1,080.19 1,084.07 1,083.99

Retail trade........................................ 16.48 16.67 16.67 16.62 517.47 521.77 520.10 520.21

Transportation and warehousing............... 21.92 22.55 22.57 22.59 841.73 874.94 875.72 876.49

Utilities............................................. 34.89 35.12 35.12 35.55 1,472.36 1,471.53 1,460.99 1,493.10

Information........................................... 32.18 33.15 33.35 33.29 1,174.57 1,216.61 1,220.61 1,221.74

Financial activities................................... 29.80 30.38 30.48 30.42 1,108.56 1,127.10 1,133.86 1,128.58

Professional and business services.............. 28.29 28.55 28.61 28.67 1,018.44 1,030.66 1,035.68 1,034.99

Education and health services..................... 24.47 24.70 24.73 24.73 802.62 810.16 811.14 808.67

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.38 13.58 13.58 13.66 349.22 350.36 353.08 353.79

Other services....................................... 21.10 21.48 21.49 21.54 664.65 678.77 681.23 680.66

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2013 -

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2013 -

Dec.

2013p

Total private..................................... 97.5 98.8 99.3 99.1 -0.2 110.4 113.7 114.4 114.2 -0.2

Goods-producing............................. 85.3 86.1 86.8 86.5 -0.3 95.9 98.6 99.6 99.5 -0.1

Mining and logging........................ 117.6 123.3 124.3 126.0 1.4 137.5 149.6 151.3 152.8 1.0

Construction................................ 77.4 78.0 78.6 78.0 -0.8 87.3 88.9 89.7 89.4 -0.3

Manufacturing.............................. 87.7 88.2 88.7 88.7 0.0 98.2 100.7 101.4 101.7 0.3

Durable goods........................... 86.5 87.7 88.4 88.0 -0.5 97.7 101.0 102.0 101.8 -0.2

Nondurable goods...................... 89.9 89.0 89.4 89.7 0.3 99.0 99.8 100.6 101.1 0.5

Private service-providing.................... 100.8 102.6 102.8 102.6 -0.2 114.6 118.4 118.8 118.6 -0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 96.7 98.1 98.1 98.6 0.5 107.9 111.3 111.4 112.0 0.5

Wholesale trade......................... 96.3 97.9 98.1 98.1 0.0 109.9 113.8 114.4 114.7 0.3

Retail trade.............................. 95.7 97.3 97.2 97.8 0.6 104.3 107.3 107.1 107.5 0.4

Transportation and warehousing...... 98.8 100.0 100.7 100.7 0.0 109.9 114.4 115.4 115.5 0.1

Utilities.................................... 101.4 100.7 100.1 100.8 0.7 116.9 116.8 116.2 118.4 1.9

Information................................. 89.2 89.9 89.7 89.6 -0.1 102.2 106.1 106.5 106.2 -0.3

Financial activities......................... 95.4 96.1 96.4 96.2 -0.2 110.9 113.9 114.6 114.1 -0.4

Professional and business services..... 102.8 106.3 106.9 106.7 -0.2 117.8 123.0 123.9 123.9 0.0

Education and health services........... 109.4 111.0 111.2 110.9 -0.3 125.5 128.4 128.8 128.4 -0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 103.5 105.0 106.0 105.6 -0.4 111.7 115.0 116.1 116.4 0.3

Other services............................. 95.5 96.2 96.6 96.3 -0.3 114.3 117.3 117.8 117.7 -0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Total nonfarm............................................. 66,466 67,486 67,606 67,681 49.3 49.4 49.4 49.4

Total private............................................ 53,993 54,994 55,104 55,185 47.9 47.9 47.9 48.0

Goods-producing.................................... 4,099 4,112 4,121 4,125 22.1 22.0 22.0 22.0

Mining and logging............................... 115 118 117 118 13.4 13.3 13.2 13.2

Construction....................................... 730 742 743 742 12.8 12.7 12.7 12.7

Manufacturing..................................... 3,254 3,252 3,261 3,265 27.2 27.1 27.1 27.1

Durable goods.................................. 1,734 1,740 1,745 1,749 23.1 23.1 23.1 23.1

Nondurable goods............................. 1,520 1,512 1,516 1,516 34.1 34.0 34.0 34.0

Private service-providing........................... 49,894 50,882 50,983 51,060 52.9 53.0 53.0 53.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,408 10,660 10,690 10,741 40.4 40.8 40.8 40.9

Wholesale trade................................ 1,706.4 1,721.5 1,721.1 1,727.7 29.9 29.8 29.7 29.7

Retail trade..................................... 7,517.7 7,739.0 7,765.4 7,803.9 50.1 50.6 50.7 50.7

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,046.1 1,062.3 1,066.5 1,072.3 23.3 23.6 23.5 23.6

Utilities........................................... 138.0 137.0 137.4 136.9 24.9 24.7 24.7 24.7

Information......................................... 1,069 1,071 1,074 1,068 39.9 39.9 40.0 40.0

Financial activities................................ 4,530 4,544 4,544 4,543 57.8 57.4 57.4 57.4

Professional and business services............ 8,037 8,368 8,388 8,403 44.3 44.7 44.7 44.7

Education and health services.................. 15,723 15,925 15,963 15,964 76.7 76.6 76.7 76.7

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,249 7,424 7,432 7,450 52.1 52.1 52.0 52.1

Other services..................................... 2,878 2,890 2,892 2,891 52.6 52.6 52.6 52.6

Government............................................. 12,473 12,492 12,502 12,496 57.0 57.2 57.2 57.2

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Total private............................................................................... 93,237 94,735 94,920 94,998

Goods-producing....................................................................... 13,347 13,451 13,495 13,475

Mining and logging.................................................................. 639 654 655 656

Construction.......................................................................... 4,300 4,407 4,429 4,408

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,408 8,390 8,411 8,411

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,167 5,177 5,189 5,188

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,241 3,213 3,222 3,223

Private service-providing.............................................................. 79,890 81,284 81,425 81,523

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 21,877 22,112 22,165 22,224

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,609.2 4,667.2 4,671.7 4,677.3

Retail trade........................................................................ 12,918.7 13,104.0 13,127.8 13,174.6

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 3,902.6 3,891.3 3,916.3 3,923.6

Utilities.............................................................................. 446.0 449.2 449.5 448.3

Information............................................................................ 2,170 2,174 2,173 2,164

Financial activities................................................................... 6,026 6,087 6,091 6,093

Professional and business services............................................... 15,009 15,518 15,553 15,584

Education and health services..................................................... 17,965 18,215 18,252 18,259

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 12,273 12,601 12,611 12,620

Other services........................................................................ 4,570 4,577 4,580 4,579

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.7 33.6 33.7 33.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.3 41.3 41.5 41.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.8 45.3 45.8 46.2

Construction....................................................................... 39.7 39.4 39.8 39.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.8 41.9 42.1 42.1

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.1 42.4 42.5 42.5

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.3 41.2 41.3 41.4

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.5 32.4 32.4 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.8 33.6 33.5 33.6

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.7 38.6 38.8 38.4

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.4 30.1 29.9 30.1

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.2 38.4 38.4 38.5

Utilities........................................................................... 41.1 41.3 41.1 41.7

Information......................................................................... 35.8 35.7 35.6 36.0

Financial activities................................................................ 36.9 36.6 36.7 36.7

Professional and business services............................................ 35.3 35.3 35.5 35.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.3 32.1 32.2 32.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

Other services..................................................................... 30.6 30.5 30.7 30.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.6

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Total private............................................... $19.93 $20.27 $20.32 $20.35 $671.64 $681.07 $684.78 $683.76

Goods-producing....................................... 21.08 21.33 21.36 21.45 870.60 880.93 886.44 888.03

Mining and logging.................................. 26.21 27.11 27.16 27.18 1,200.42 1,228.08 1,243.93 1,255.72

Construction.......................................... 24.15 24.28 24.25 24.44 958.76 956.63 965.15 960.49

Manufacturing........................................ 19.17 19.39 19.43 19.50 801.31 812.44 818.00 820.95

Durable goods.................................... 20.26 20.45 20.49 20.54 852.95 867.08 870.83 872.95

Nondurable goods................................ 17.39 17.63 17.67 17.78 718.21 726.36 729.77 736.09

Private service-providing.............................. 19.68 20.05 20.09 20.12 639.60 649.62 650.92 651.89

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 17.49 17.86 17.94 17.90 591.16 600.10 600.99 601.44

Wholesale trade.................................. 22.40 22.81 22.91 22.95 866.88 880.47 888.91 881.28

Retail trade........................................ 13.85 14.09 14.14 14.08 421.04 424.11 422.79 423.81

Transportation and warehousing............... 19.42 20.04 20.07 20.06 741.84 769.54 770.69 772.31

Utilities............................................. 31.80 32.54 32.45 32.77 1,306.98 1,343.90 1,333.70 1,366.51

Information........................................... 27.48 27.99 28.05 28.08 983.78 999.24 998.58 1,010.88

Financial activities................................... 23.37 24.24 24.30 24.30 862.35 887.18 891.81 891.81

Professional and business services.............. 23.48 23.75 23.77 23.84 828.84 838.38 843.84 839.17

Education and health services..................... 21.25 21.59 21.62 21.68 686.38 693.04 696.16 695.93

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 11.67 11.86 11.83 11.93 291.75 296.50 295.75 298.25

Other services....................................... 17.77 18.11 18.14 18.20 543.76 552.36 556.90 556.92

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2013 -

Dec.

2013p

Dec.

2012

Oct.

2013

Nov.

2013p

Dec.

2013p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2013 -

Dec.

2013p

Total private..................................... 104.9 106.2 106.8 106.5 -0.3 139.6 143.8 144.9 144.8 -0.1

Goods-producing............................. 84.2 84.9 85.6 85.2 -0.5 108.7 110.9 111.9 112.0 0.1

Mining and logging........................ 155.5 157.4 159.4 161.1 1.1 237.1 248.2 251.8 254.6 1.1

Construction................................ 85.5 86.9 88.3 86.7 -1.8 111.5 114.0 115.6 114.5 -1.0

Manufacturing.............................. 80.7 80.7 81.3 81.3 0.0 101.1 102.3 103.3 103.7 0.4

Durable goods........................... 81.7 82.5 82.9 82.9 0.0 103.4 105.3 106.0 106.2 0.2

Nondurable goods...................... 78.9 78.0 78.4 78.6 0.3 96.9 97.2 97.9 98.8 0.9

Private service-providing.................... 110.8 112.4 112.6 112.7 0.1 149.4 154.4 155.0 155.4 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.1 103.6 103.5 104.1 0.6 128.6 132.0 132.5 132.9 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 105.0 106.1 106.7 105.8 -0.8 138.6 142.6 144.1 143.0 -0.8

Retail trade.............................. 99.4 99.8 99.4 100.4 1.0 118.0 120.6 120.4 121.1 0.6

Transportation and warehousing...... 112.2 112.5 113.2 113.7 0.4 138.2 143.0 144.1 144.7 0.4

Utilities.................................... 93.7 94.9 94.5 95.6 1.2 124.4 128.9 128.0 130.8 2.2

Information................................. 88.7 88.6 88.3 88.9 0.7 120.6 122.7 122.6 123.6 0.8

Financial activities......................... 104.7 104.9 105.2 105.3 0.1 150.5 156.4 157.3 157.4 0.1

Professional and business services..... 118.7 122.8 123.7 122.9 -0.6 165.9 173.5 175.0 174.4 -0.3

Education and health services........... 125.2 126.1 126.8 126.4 -0.3 174.9 179.0 180.2 180.2 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 112.4 115.4 115.5 115.6 0.1 148.9 155.4 155.1 156.6 1.0

Other services............................. 98.1 97.9 98.6 98.3 -0.3 127.0 129.2 130.3 130.3 0.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary