For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Wednesday, February 26, 2020 USDL-20-0339 

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY: LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS — 2019

In 2019, 19.3 percent of persons with a disability were employed, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 

reported today. In contrast, the employment-population ratio for persons without a disability was 66.3 

percent. The unemployment rates for both persons with and without a disability declined from the 

previous year to 7.3 percent and 3.5 percent, respectively. 

The data on persons with a disability are collected as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a 

monthly sample survey of about 60,000 households that provides statistics on employment and 

unemployment in the United States. The collection of data on persons with a disability is sponsored by 

the Department of Labor’s Office of Disability Employment Policy. For more information, see the 

Technical Note in this news release.

Highlights from the 2019 data: 

• Half of all persons with a disability were age 65 and over, about three times larger than the share of 

those with no disability. (See table 1.) 

• Across all age groups, the employment-population ratios were much lower for persons with a 

disability than for those with no disability. (See table 1.) 

• Across all educational attainment groups, unemployment rates for persons with a disability were 

higher than those for persons without a disability. (See table 1.) 

• In 2019, 32 percent of workers with a disability were employed part time, compared with 17 percent 

for those with no disability. (See table 2.) 

• Employed persons with a disability were more likely to be self-employed than those with no 

disability. (See table 4.)

Demographic characteristics

Persons with a disability tend to be older than persons with no disability, reflecting the increased 

incidence of disability with age. In 2019, half of persons with a disability were age 65 and over, 

compared with 16 percent of those with no disability. Overall, women were somewhat more likely to 

have a disability than men, partly reflecting the greater life expectancy of women. In 2019, the 
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prevalence of disability continued to be higher for Blacks and Whites than for Hispanics and Asians. 

(See table 1.)

Employment

In 2019, the employment-population ratio for persons with a disability was 19.3 percent, little changed 

from 19.1 percent in 2018. The ratio for persons without a disability, at 66.3 percent, increased by 0.4 

percentage point over the year. The lower ratio among persons with a disability reflects, in part, the 

older age profile of persons with a disability; older workers are less likely to be employed regardless of 

disability status. However, across all age groups, persons with a disability were much less likely to be 

employed than those with no disability. (See tables A and 1.) 

In 2019, the employment-population ratio for persons with a disability between ages 16 to 64 edged up 

to 30.9 percent, while the ratio for persons without a disability in the same age group increased to 74.6 

percent. The employment-population ratio for persons with a disability age 65 and over, at 7.6 percent, 

was little changed from the prior year; the ratio for persons without a disability in the same age group, at 

24.4 percent, increased in 2019. (See table A and table 1.) 

Persons with a disability are less likely to have completed a bachelor’s degree or higher than those with 

no disability. Among both groups, those who had attained higher levels of education were more likely to 

be employed than those who had attained less education. Across all levels of education in 2019, persons 

with a disability were much less likely to be employed than were their counterparts with no disability. 

(Educational attainment data are presented for those age 25 and over.) (See table 1.)

Workers with a disability were more likely to be employed part time than those with no disability. 

Among workers with a disability, 32 percent usually worked part time in 2019, compared with 17 

percent of those without a disability. The proportion of workers with a disability who worked part time 

for economic reasons was slightly higher than their counterparts without a disability (4 percent, 

compared with 3 percent). These individuals were working part time because their hours had been 

reduced or they were not able to find a full-time job. (See table 2.)

In 2019, workers with a disability were more concentrated in service occupations than those with no 

disability (20.7 percent, compared with 17.0 percent). Workers with a disability were also more likely 

than those with no disability to work in production, transportation, and material moving occupations 

(14.5 percent, compared with 11.7 percent). Persons with a disability were less likely to work in 

management, professional, and related occupations than those without a disability (34.1 percent, 

compared with 41.0 percent). (See table 3.) 

At 13.3 percent, the proportion of workers employed in government in 2019 was the same for those with 

and without a disability. A larger share of workers with a disability were self-employed in 2019 than 

were those with no disability (10.0 percent versus 5.9 percent). In contrast, a smaller share of workers 

with a disability were employed as private wage and salary workers (76.6 percent), than were those 

without a disability (80.7 percent). (See table 4.)

Unemployment 

The unemployment rate for persons with a disability, at 7.3 percent in 2019, declined by 0.7 percentage 

point from the previous year. Their jobless rate continued to be about twice as high as the rate for those 

without a disability. (Unemployed persons are those who did not have a job, were available for work, 
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and were actively looking for a job in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.) The unemployment rate for 

persons without a disability declined by 0.2 percentage point to 3.5 percent in 2019. (See tables A and 

1.) 

In 2019, the unemployment rate for men with a disability (7.4 percent) was about the same as the rate 

for women with a disability (7.3 percent). The rate for men with a disability was little changed from the 

previous year, whereas the rate for women with a disability declined from 2018 to 2019. 

Among persons with a disability, Blacks had a higher unemployment rate in 2019 (11.8 percent) than 

Hispanics (8.6 percent), Asians (6.7 percent), and Whites (6.6 percent). The jobless rate for Whites with 

a disability declined over the year, while the rates for Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians showed little 

change. (See table 1.)

Not in the labor force

Persons who are neither employed nor unemployed are considered not in the labor force. A large 

proportion of persons with a disability—about 8 in 10—were not in the labor force in 2019, compared 

with about 3 in 10 of those with no disability. In part, this reflects the older age profile of persons with a 

disability; persons age 65 and over are much less likely to participate in the labor force than younger age 

groups. Across all age groups, however, persons with a disability were more likely to be out of the labor 

force than those with no disability. (See table 1.) 

For persons with and without a disability, the vast majority of those not in the labor force reported that 

they do not want a job. In 2019, 3 percent of those with a disability and 6 percent of those without a 

disability wanted a job. Among those who do want a job, a subset is classified as marginally attached to 

the labor force. These individuals wanted and were available to work, and had looked for a job 

sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched 

for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (Persons marginally attached to the labor force include 

discouraged workers.) About 1 percent of persons with a disability and 2 percent of persons without a 

disability were marginally attached to the labor force in 2019. (See table 5.)
Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and age, 2018 and

2019 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2018 2019

Total, 16

years

and over

16 to 64

years

65 years

and over

Total, 16

years

and over

16 to 64

years

65 years

and over

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 30,136 15,325 14,810 30,392 15,231 15,161

Civilian labor force.................................................. 6,266 5,111 1,155 6,321 5,117 1,204

Participation rate.................................................. 20.8 33.3 7.8 20.8 33.6 7.9

Employed.......................................................... 5,767 4,666 1,101 5,858 4,706 1,152

Employment-population ratio................................. 19.1 30.4 7.4 19.3 30.9 7.6

Unemployed....................................................... 499 445 54 463 411 52

Unemployment rate............................................ 8.0 8.7 4.7 7.3 8.0 4.3

Not in labor force.................................................... 23,870 10,215 13,655 24,070 10,113 13,957

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 227,655 191,182 36,472 228,783 191,039 37,744

Civilian labor force.................................................. 155,809 146,932 8,877 157,218 147,758 9,460

Participation rate.................................................. 68.4 76.9 24.3 68.7 77.3 25.1

Employed.......................................................... 149,994 141,390 8,604 151,680 142,485 9,195

Employment-population ratio................................. 65.9 74.0 23.6 66.3 74.6 24.4

Unemployed....................................................... 5,815 5,542 273 5,537 5,273 265

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.7 3.8 3.1 3.5 3.6 2.8

Not in labor force.................................................... 71,846 44,250 27,595 71,566 43,282 28,284

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Technical Note 

 The estimates in this release are based on annual 

average data obtained from the Current Population 

Survey (CPS). The CPS, which is conducted by the 

U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS), is a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible 

households that provides information on the labor 

force status, demographics, and other characteristics 

of the nation's civilian noninstitutional population age 

16 and over. 

 Questions were added to the CPS in June 2008 to 

identify persons with a disability in the civilian 

noninstitutional population age 16 and older. The 

addition of these questions allowed the BLS to begin 

releasing monthly labor force data from the CPS for 

persons with a disability. The collection of these data 

is sponsored by the Department of Labor's Office of 

Disability Employment Policy. 

 Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 

(800) 877-8339. 

Reliability of the estimates 

 Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both 

sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, 

rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is 

a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The component 

of this difference that occurs because samples differ 

by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level 

of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will 

differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the 

true population value because of sampling error. BLS 

analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent 

level of confidence. 

 The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness 

of respondents to provide correct information, and 

errors made in the collection or processing of the data. 

 Additional information about the reliability of data 

from the CPS and estimating standard errors is 

available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability. 

 CPS estimates are controlled to population totals 

that are available by age, sex, race, and Hispanic 

ethnicity. These controls are developed by the Census 

Bureau and are based on complete population counts 

obtained in the decennial census. In the years between 

decennial censuses, they incorporate the latest 

information about population change (births, deaths, 

and net international migration). As part of its annual 

update of population estimates, the Census Bureau 

introduces adjustments to the total population 

controls. The updated controls typically have a 

negligible impact on unemployment rates and other 

ratios. The estimates of the population of persons with 

a disability are not controlled to independent 

population totals of persons with a disability because 

such data are not available. Without independent 

population totals, sample-based estimates are more 

apt to vary from one time period to the next. 

Information about population controls is available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop. 

Disability questions and concepts 

 The CPS uses a set of six questions to identify 

persons with disabilities. In the CPS, persons are 

classified as having a disability if there is a response 

of "yes" to any of these questions. The disability 

questions appear in the CPS in the following format: 

 This month we want to learn about people who have 

physical, mental, or emotional conditions that cause 

serious difficulty with their daily activities. Please 

answer for household members who are 15 years and 

older. 

 Is anyone deaf or does anyone have serious 

difficulty hearing? 

 Is anyone blind or does anyone have serious 

difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses? 

 Because of a physical, mental, or emotional 

condition, does anyone have serious 

difficulty concentrating, remembering, or 

making decisions? 

 Does anyone have serious difficulty walking 

or climbing stairs? 

 Does anyone have difficulty dressing or 

bathing? 
 Because of a physical, mental, or emotional 

condition, does anyone have difficulty doing 

errands alone such as visiting a doctor's 

office or shopping? 

 The CPS questions for identifying individuals with 

disabilities are only asked of household members who 

are age 15 and older. Each of the questions ask the 

respondent whether anyone in the household has the 

condition described, and if the respondent replies 

"yes," they are then asked to identify everyone in the 

household who has the condition. Labor force 

measures from the CPS are tabulated for persons age 

16 and older. More information on the disability 

questions and the limitations of the CPS disability 

data is available on the BLS website at 

www.bls.gov/cps/cpsdisability_faq.htm. 

Other definitions 

 Other definitions used in this release are described 

briefly below. Additional information on the concepts 

and methodology of the CPS is available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

 Employed. Employed persons are all those who, 

during the survey reference week, (a) did any work at 

all as paid employees; (b) worked in their own 

business, profession, or on their own farm; or (c) 

worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a 

family member's business. Persons who were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, 

bad weather, vacation, labor dispute, or another 

reason also are counted as employed. 

 Unemployed. Unemployed persons are those who 

had no employment during the reference week, were 

available for work at that time, and had made specific 

efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-

week period ending with the reference week. Persons 

who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which 

they had been laid off need not have been looking for 

work to be classified as unemployed. 

 Civilian labor force. The civilian labor force 

comprises all persons classified as employed or 

unemployed. 

 Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate 

represents the number of unemployed persons as a 

percent of the civilian labor force. 

 Not in the labor force. Persons not in the labor force 

include all those who are not classified as employed 

or unemployed. Information is collected on their 

desire for and availability to take a job at the time of 

the CPS interview, job search activity in the prior 

year, and reason for not looking in the 4-week period 

ending with the reference week. This group includes 

individuals marginally attached to the labor force, 

defined as persons not in the labor force who want and 

are available for a job and who have looked for work 

sometime in the past 12 months (or since the end of 

their last job if they held one within the past 12 

months). They are not counted as unemployed 

because they had not actively searched for work in the 

prior 4 weeks. Within the marginally attached group 

are discouraged workers—persons who are not 

currently looking for work because they believe there 

are no jobs available or there are none for which they 

would qualify. The other persons marginally attached 

to the labor force group includes persons who want a 

job but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks 

for reasons such as family responsibilities or 

transportation problems. 

 Part time for economic reasons. Persons classified 

as at work part time for economic reasons, a measure 

sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, are 

those who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 

34 hours during the reference week. Economic 

reasons include slack work or unfavorable business 

conditions, inability to find full-time work, and 

seasonal declines in demand. Those who usually work 

part time must also indicate that they want and are 

available for full-time work to be classified as part 

time for economic reasons. 

 Occupation, industry, and class of worker. The 

occupation, industry, and class of worker 

classifications for the employed relate to the job held 

in the survey reference week. Persons with two or 

more jobs are classified in the job at which they 

worked the greatest number of hours. Persons are 

classified using the 2010 Census occupational and 

2012 Census industry classification systems. The 

class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the 

following categories: private and government wage 

and salary workers, self-employed workers, and 

unpaid family workers. Wage and salary workers 

receive wages, salary, commissions, tips, or pay in 

kind from a private employer or from a government 

unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for 

profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, 

or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed are 

included in the self-employed category. Selfemployed persons who respond that their businesses 

are incorporated are included among wage and salary 

workers. Unpaid family workers are persons working 

without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or 

in a business operated by a family member in their 

household. 
Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and selected

characteristics, 2019 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Participation

rate

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Rate

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259,175 163,539 63.1 157,538 60.8 6,001 3.7 95,636

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,353 86,687 69.2 83,460 66.6 3,227 3.7 38,667

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,822 76,852 57.4 74,078 55.4 2,774 3.6 56,970

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,392 6,321 20.8 5,858 19.3 463 7.3 24,070

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,184 3,442 24.3 3,189 22.5 254 7.4 10,741

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,208 2,879 17.8 2,669 16.5 210 7.3 13,329

Age

16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,231 5,117 33.6 4,706 30.9 411 8.0 10,113

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667 157 23.5 123 18.4 34 21.7 510

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909 412 45.4 365 40.2 47 11.4 497

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,992 973 48.8 866 43.5 107 11.0 1,019

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,168 899 41.5 836 38.5 63 7.0 1,269

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,393 1,154 34.0 1,069 31.5 86 7.4 2,238

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,103 1,522 24.9 1,448 23.7 74 4.9 4,580

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,161 1,204 7.9 1,152 7.6 52 4.3 13,957

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,189 5,092 21.0 4,755 19.7 337 6.6 19,097

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,192 742 17.7 654 15.6 88 11.8 3,450

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 177 20.3 165 18.9 12 6.7 696

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,481 781 22.4 714 20.5 67 8.6 2,699

Educational attainment

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,816 5,752 20.0 5,370 18.6 382 6.6 23,064

Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,090 510 10.0 462 9.1 48 9.3 4,580

High school graduates, no college1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,262 1,718 16.7 1,594 15.5 124 7.2 8,544

Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,900 1,879 23.8 1,743 22.1 135 7.2 6,022

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,563 1,645 29.6 1,570 28.2 75 4.5 3,918

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228,783 157,218 68.7 151,680 66.3 5,537 3.5 71,566

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,170 83,244 74.9 80,272 72.2 2,973 3.6 27,925

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,614 73,973 62.9 71,409 60.7 2,564 3.5 43,641

Age

16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191,039 147,758 77.3 142,485 74.6 5,273 3.6 43,282

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,026 5,739 35.8 5,027 31.4 712 12.4 10,286

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,147 14,784 73.4 13,807 68.5 977 6.6 5,363

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,885 36,218 84.5 34,942 81.5 1,277 3.5 6,667

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,792 33,159 85.5 32,292 83.2 867 2.6 5,634

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,052 31,777 85.8 30,973 83.6 804 2.5 5,275

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,138 26,081 72.2 25,445 70.4 636 2.4 10,057

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,744 9,460 25.1 9,195 24.4 265 2.8 28,284

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176,638 121,508 68.8 117,686 66.6 3,822 3.1 55,130

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,844 19,891 69.0 18,727 64.9 1,164 5.9 8,954

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,478 10,283 66.4 10,014 64.7 269 2.6 5,195

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,026 28,272 70.6 27,091 67.7 1,181 4.2 11,754

Educational attainment

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192,611 136,695 71.0 132,846 69.0 3,848 2.8 55,917

Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,536 9,465 57.2 8,979 54.3 487 5.1 7,071

High school graduates, no college1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,198 34,444 66.0 33,244 63.7 1,200 3.5 17,754

Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,613 35,541 71.6 34,539 69.6 1,002 2.8 14,071

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,265 57,244 77.1 56,085 75.5 1,159 2.0 17,021

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons

whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 2. Employed full- and part-time workers by disability status and age, 2019 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Disability status and age

Employed At work

part time for

economic

reasons1

Total

Usually

work

full time

Usually

work

part time

TOTAL

16 years and over........................................................................ 157,538 130,597 26,941 4,407

16 to 64 years.......................................................................... 147,191 124,175 23,016 4,187

65 years and over...................................................................... 10,347 6,422 3,925 219

Persons with a disability

16 years and over........................................................................ 5,858 3,985 1,873 248

16 to 64 years.......................................................................... 4,706 3,401 1,305 220

65 years and over...................................................................... 1,152 584 568 28

Persons with no disability

16 years and over........................................................................ 151,680 126,612 25,068 4,159

16 to 64 years.......................................................................... 142,485 120,774 21,711 3,967

65 years and over...................................................................... 9,195 5,838 3,357 191

1 Refers to persons who, whether they usually work full or part time, worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as

slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. Persons who usually work part time

for an economic reason, but worked 35 hours or more during the reference week are excluded. Also excludes employed persons who were absent

from their jobs for the entire reference week.

NOTE: Full time refers to persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week; part time refers to persons who usually work less than 35 hours per

week.
Table 3. Employed persons by disability status, occupation, and sex, 2019 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Occupation

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total employed (in thousands)....................................... 5,858 3,189 2,669 151,680 80,272 71,409

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 34.1 32.4 36.1 41.0 37.3 45.2

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 15.6 17.6 13.2 17.2 18.1 16.2

Management occupations.................................... 11.4 13.9 8.4 12.1 13.6 10.3

Business and financial operations occupations............ 4.2 3.7 4.8 5.1 4.4 5.9

Professional and related occupations.......................... 18.5 14.8 22.9 23.8 19.2 29.1

Computer and mathematical occupations.................. 2.2 3.0 1.2 3.4 4.8 1.9

Architecture and engineering occupations.................. 1.2 1.8 0.6 2.1 3.4 0.7

Life, physical, and social science occupations............. 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0

Community and social service occupations................ 1.9 1.2 2.7 1.7 1.1 2.5

Legal occupations............................................. 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.4

Education, training, and library occupations................ 4.8 2.8 7.3 6.0 3.0 9.5

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

occupations.................................................. 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.2

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations....... 4.3 1.9 7.2 6.2 2.9 10.0

Service occupations................................................ 20.7 16.5 25.8 17.0 13.6 20.8

Healthcare support occupations................................ 2.5 0.6 4.8 2.4 0.6 4.4

Protective service occupations................................. 2.2 3.1 1.1 2.0 2.9 0.9

Food preparation and serving related occupations.......... 5.7 4.8 6.8 5.3 4.6 6.1

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

occupations..................................................... 5.6 6.0 5.1 3.6 3.9 3.2

Personal care and service occupations....................... 4.7 2.0 8.0 3.8 1.6 6.1

Sales and office occupations...................................... 22.3 17.0 28.6 21.1 15.7 27.3

Sales and related occupations.................................. 9.7 8.8 10.8 9.9 9.6 10.2

Office and administrative support occupations............... 12.6 8.2 17.8 11.2 6.1 17.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 8.4 14.5 1.0 9.1 16.3 1.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.4

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 4.4 7.8 0.3 5.3 9.7 0.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 3.3 5.7 0.4 3.1 5.6 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 14.5 19.5 8.5 11.7 17.1 5.7

Production occupations.......................................... 6.4 7.8 4.7 5.4 7.3 3.3

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 8.1 11.8 3.8 6.3 9.8 2.4
Table 4. Employed persons by disability status, industry, class of worker, and sex, 2019 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Industry and class of worker

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total employed (in thousands)....................................... 5,858 3,189 2,669 151,680 80,272 71,409

Industry as a percent of total employed

Total employed......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries................................. 2.5 3.6 1.2 1.5 2.1 0.8

Nonagricultural industries.......................................... 97.5 96.4 98.8 98.5 97.9 99.2

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................. 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.2

Construction....................................................... 6.4 10.8 1.2 7.2 12.3 1.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 9.3 12.2 5.8 10.0 13.4 6.3

Wholesale trade.................................................. 1.8 2.6 0.9 2.3 3.0 1.4

Retail trade........................................................ 12.7 12.7 12.7 10.2 10.1 10.3

Transportation and utilities...................................... 5.6 7.5 3.3 5.7 8.2 2.9

Information........................................................ 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.8 2.0 1.5

Financial activities................................................ 5.4 5.3 5.5 6.9 6.1 7.7

Professional and business services............................ 11.9 13.1 10.6 12.5 13.8 11.0

Education and health services.................................. 21.9 11.4 34.4 22.8 10.8 36.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 9.8 8.3 11.5 9.3 8.6 10.1

Other services.................................................... 6.0 5.4 6.7 4.8 4.2 5.5

Public administration............................................. 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.4

Class of worker as a percent of total employed

Total employed1

........................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Wage and salary workers2

......................................... 89.9 88.2 91.9 94.0 93.2 95.0

Private industries................................................. 76.6 76.9 76.2 80.7 82.5 78.7

Government....................................................... 13.3 11.3 15.7 13.3 10.7 16.3

Federal.......................................................... 2.9 3.1 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.3

State............................................................. 4.6 3.6 5.9 4.4 3.2 5.7

Local............................................................. 5.8 4.6 7.2 6.6 4.9 8.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated.......................... 10.0 11.7 8.0 5.9 6.8 4.9

1

Includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.

2

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Table 5. Persons not in the labor force by disability status, age, and sex, 2019 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total,

16 years and

over

16 to 64 years Total,

65 years and

Total Men Women over

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Total not in the labor force.................................................... 24,070 10,113 4,788 5,325 13,957

Persons who currently want a job......................................... 650 430 219 212 220

Marginally attached to the labor force1

................................. 155 122 66 57 33

Discouraged workers2................................................. 33 22 12 10 11

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3............ 122 100 53 47 21

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Total not in the labor force.................................................... 71,566 43,282 16,007 27,274 28,284

Persons who currently want a job......................................... 4,393 3,815 1,818 1,997 578

Marginally attached to the labor force1

................................. 1,248 1,134 609 525 114

Discouraged workers2................................................. 348 315 206 109 34

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3............ 900 820 404 416 80

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.