Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-10-0589 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 7, 2010 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION – APRIL 2010 

Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 290,000 in April, the unemployment rate edged up to 9.9 percent, and the labor force increased sharply, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains 

occurred in manufacturing, professional and business services, health care, and leisure and hospitality. 

Federal government employment also rose, reflecting continued hiring of temporary workers for Census 

2010. 

Household Survey Data 

In April, the number of unemployed persons was 15.3 million, and the unemployment rate edged up 

to 9.9 percent. The rate had been 9.7 percent for the first 3 months of this year. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for whites (9.0 percent) edged up in April, 

while the rates for adult men (10.1 percent), adult women (8.2 percent), teenagers (25.4 percent), blacks 

(16.5 percent), and Hispanics (12.5 percent) showed little or no change. The jobless rate for Asians was 

6.8 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08 Jan-09 A pr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, April 2008 – April 2010

Percent

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08 Jan-09 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

April 2008 – April 2010
- 2 - 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks and over) continued to trend up over 

the month, reaching 6.7 million. In April, 45.9 percent of unemployed persons had been jobless for 27 

weeks or more. (See table A-12.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of reentrants to the labor force rose by 195,000 over the month. 

(See table A-11.) 

In April, the civilian labor force participation rate increased by 0.3 percentage point to 65.2 percent, 

as the size of the labor force rose by 805,000. Since December, the participation rate has increased by 

0.6 percentage point. The employment-population ratio rose to 58.8 percent over the month and has 

increased by 0.6 percentage point since December. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) was about unchanged at 9.2 million in April. These individuals were working 

part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See 

table A-8.) 

About 2.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force in April, compared with 2.1 

million a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor 

force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. 

They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 1.2 million discouraged workers in April, up by 457,000 

from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.2 million 

persons marginally attached to the labor force had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the 

survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

In April, nonfarm payroll employment rose by 290,000. Sizable employment gains occurred in manufacturing, professional and business services, health care, and in leisure and hospitality. Federal government employment increased due to the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2010. Since December, 

nonfarm payroll employment has expanded by 573,000, with 483,000 jobs added in the private sector. 

The vast majority of job growth occurred during the last 2 months. (See table B-1.) 

Manufacturing added 44,000 jobs in April. Since December, factory employment has risen by 101,000. 

Over the month, gains occurred in several durable goods industries, including fabricated metals (9,000) 

and machinery (7,000). Employment also grew in nondurable goods manufacturing (14,000). 

Mining added 7,000 jobs in April, with most of the increase in support activities for mining. Since last 

October, mining has added 39,000 jobs. 

In April, construction employment edged up (14,000), following an increase of 26,000 in March. Over 

the month, nonresidential building and heavy construction added 9,000 jobs each. 
- 3 - 

Employment in professional and business services rose by 80,000 in April. Temporary help services 

continued to add jobs (26,000); employment in this industry has increased by 330,000 since September 

2009. Employment also rose over the month in services to buildings and dwellings (23,000) and in 

computer systems design (7,000). 

In April, health care employment grew by 20,000, including a gain of 6,000 in hospitals. Over the past 

year, health care employment has increased by 244,000. 

Employment rose by 45,000 in leisure and hospitality over the month. Much of this increase occurred 

in accommodation and food services, which added 29,000 jobs. Food services employment has risen by 

84,000 over the past 4 months, while accommodation has added 18,000 jobs over the past 3 months. 

Federal government employment was up in April, reflecting the hiring of 66,000 temporary workers 

for the decennial census. 

Over the month, employment changed little in wholesale trade, retail trade, information, and 

financial activities. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing fell by 20,000 in April, reflecting a large decline in 

courier and messenger services. 

In April, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 

34.1 hours. The manufacturing workweek for all employees increased by 0.2 hour for the second straight 

month to 40.1 hours, and factory overtime was up by 0.1 hour over the month. The average workweek 

for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 

33.4 hours in April. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

Average hourly earnings of all employees in the private nonfarm sector increased by 1 cent to $22.47 

in April. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 1.6 percent. In April, 

average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 5 

cents to $18.96. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised from -14,000 to +39,000, and 

the change for March was revised from 162,000 to 230,000. 

The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 4, 2010, 

at 8:30 a.m. (EDT). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

Change from:

Mar. 2010-

Apr. 2010

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population............................................ 235,271 236,998 237,159 237,329 170

Civilian labor force............................................................ 154,718 153,512 153,910 154,715 805

Participation rate........................................................... 65.8 64.8 64.9 65.2 0.3

Employed.................................................................... 140,902 138,641 138,905 139,455 550

Employment-population ratio........................................... 59.9 58.5 58.6 58.8 0.2

Unemployed................................................................. 13,816 14,871 15,005 15,260 255

Unemployment rate..................................................... 8.9 9.7 9.7 9.9 0.2

Not in labor force............................................................. 80,554 83,487 83,249 82,614 -635

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over....................................................... 8.9 9.7 9.7 9.9 0.2

Adult men (20 years and over).............................................. 9.4 10.0 10.0 10.1 0.1

Adult women (20 years and over).......................................... 7.2 8.0 8.0 8.2 0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................. 21.8 25.0 26.1 25.4 -0.7

White........................................................................... 8.1 8.8 8.8 9.0 0.2

Black or African American................................................... 15.0 15.8 16.5 16.5 0.0

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................. 6.6 8.4 7.5 6.8 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................................. 11.4 12.4 12.6 12.5 -0.1

Total, 25 years and over....................................................... 7.6 8.3 8.3 8.3 0.0

Less than a high school diploma........................................... 14.9 15.6 14.5 14.7 0.2

High school graduates, no college......................................... 9.4 10.5 10.8 10.6 -0.2

Some college or associate degree......................................... 7.5 8.0 8.2 8.3 0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................... 4.4 5.0 4.9 4.9 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs................... 8,867 9,550 9,354 9,246 -108

Job leavers....................................................................... 887 866 894 938 44

Reentrants........................................................................ 3,127 3,451 3,544 3,739 195

New entrants..................................................................... 919 1,238 1,197 1,231 34

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks.............................................................. 3,284 2,748 2,646 2,682 36

5 to 14 weeks.................................................................... 3,962 3,412 3,228 2,991 -237

15 to 26 weeks.................................................................. 2,571 2,696 2,436 2,253 -183

27 weeks and over.............................................................. 3,725 6,133 6,547 6,716 169

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons............................................... 8,888 8,791 9,054 9,152 98

Slack work or business conditions.......................................... 6,699 6,185 6,177 6,268 91

Could only find part-time work.............................................. 1,819 2,212 2,388 2,489 101

Part time for noneconomic reasons........................................... 18,976 18,360 18,379 18,140 -239

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force........................................ 2,089 2,527 2,255 2,432 –

Discouraged workers......................................................... 740 1,204 994 1,197 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -528 39 230 290

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -649 62 174 231

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -277 -28 55 65

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -14 7 10 7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -114 -51 26 14

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -149 16 19 44

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -130 9 23 30

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -23.9 -9.1 3.0 4.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -19 7 -4 14

Private service-providing1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -372 90 119 166

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -30.2 3.2 9.5 4.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -42.8 7.1 15.1 12.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -47.8 -9.0 7.9 -19.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -24 -6 -12 -3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -47 -7 -20 3

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -138 56 13 80

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -65.9 35.9 32.4 26.2

Education and health services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 30 54 35

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9.1 21.0 42.4 26.4

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -34 23 41 45

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -11 -7 10 9

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 -23 56 59

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 49.9 49.8 49.8

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 48.4 48.4 48.3

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 33.9 34.0 34.1

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 22.11 $ 22.48 $ 22.46 $ 22.47

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 749.53 $762.07 $763.64 $766.23

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.5 91.1 91.5 91.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.9 -0.2 0.4 0.4

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.5 97.6 98.0 98.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.7 -0.1 0.4 0.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 18.53 $ 18.92 $ 18.91 $ 18.96

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 613.34 $628.14 $629.70 $633.26

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.2 98.0 98.5 99.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.6 -0.2 0.5 0.5

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.8 123.9 124.4 125.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.6 -0.2 0.4 0.9

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.6 57.4 57.8 64.3

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.5 67.1 56.7 65.9

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing

industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance

between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment 

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller 

margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its 

much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically 

significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the 

household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the 

establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural 

workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household 

survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it 

is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not 

collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify 

the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. 

Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records.

The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm. 

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with 

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the 

total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled 

to achieve that goal. 

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment 

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that 

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the 

net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The 

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not 
immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth 

of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new 

businesses to the survey twice a year. 

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance 

benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who 

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. 

(People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement 

or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including 

those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In 

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not 

officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment Situation news release. 
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) 

and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment 

that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD 

DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households 

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. The sample includes about 

140,000 businesses and government agencies representing 

approximately 410,000 worksites and is drawn from a sampling frame of roughly 8.9 million unemployment insurance 

tax accounts. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that 

contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment 

survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 

12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 

calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between 

surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or 

unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment 

rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor 

force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force 

as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. 

Additional information about the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are 

counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are 

produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and 

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and 

logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2007 

version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between 

the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from 

the surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, the self-employed, unpaid family 

workers, and private household workers among the 

employed. These groups are excluded from the 

establishment survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 

years of age and older. The establishment survey is 

not limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, 

and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large 

number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely 

to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative 

to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of 

economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the 

establishment survey, payroll employment in education 

declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term 

and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the 

underlying employment trends in the industry. Because 

seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of 

the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be 

adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more 

discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a 

more useful tool with which to analyze changes in monthto-month economic activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, 

such as total payroll employment, employment in most 

major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted 

component series. For example, total unemployment is 

derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment 

estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the 

total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more 

detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 

error. When a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the "true" population values they represent. The 

exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the 

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured 

by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard 

errors from the "true" population value because of sampling 

error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the 

establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 

100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment 

increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-

percent confidence interval on the monthly change would 

range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000). 

These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by 

these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent 

chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within 

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than 

zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, 

the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then 

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval 

would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least 

a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, 

risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 

percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly 

change in unemployment as measured by the household 

survey is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in 

the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.19 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, 

such as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely 

basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in 

the collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates 

for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete 

returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled 

preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive 

revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample 

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered 

final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 
account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment 

gains from business births. This is incorporated into the 

sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting 

sample units going out of business, but imputing to them 

the same employment trend as the other firms in the 

sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net 

birth/death employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series 

model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death 

employment not accounted for by the imputation. The 

historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual 

residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough 

proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also 

incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over 

the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total 

nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a 

range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2009

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Dec.

2009

Jan.

2010

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235,271 237,159 237,329 235,271 236,924 236,832 236,998 237,159 237,329

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,834 153,660 153,911 154,718 153,059 153,170 153,512 153,910 154,715

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.4 64.8 64.9 65.8 64.6 64.7 64.8 64.9 65.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,586 137,983 139,302 140,902 137,792 138,333 138,641 138,905 139,455

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 58.2 58.7 59.9 58.2 58.4 58.5 58.6 58.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,248 15,678 14,609 13,816 15,267 14,837 14,871 15,005 15,260

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 10.2 9.5 8.9 10.0 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,437 83,499 83,418 80,554 83,865 83,663 83,487 83,249 82,614

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,868 5,719 5,865 5,928 6,306 5,965 6,170 6,044 5,951

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,857 114,821 114,910 113,857 114,728 114,648 114,735 114,821 114,910

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,878 81,949 82,014 82,403 81,454 81,290 81,496 81,895 82,453

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.9 71.4 71.4 72.4 71.0 70.9 71.0 71.3 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,771 72,253 73,315 74,107 72,499 72,516 72,813 73,092 73,548

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 62.9 63.8 65.1 63.2 63.3 63.5 63.7 64.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,107 9,696 8,699 8,295 8,955 8,774 8,683 8,803 8,905

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 11.8 10.6 10.1 11.0 10.8 10.7 10.7 10.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,979 32,872 32,897 31,454 33,274 33,358 33,239 32,926 32,457

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,196 106,198 106,301 105,196 106,125 105,998 106,100 106,198 106,301

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,811 79,059 79,122 79,106 78,402 78,225 78,471 78,796 79,356

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.9 74.4 74.4 75.2 73.9 73.8 74.0 74.2 74.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,468 70,238 71,226 71,665 70,391 70,390 70,623 70,913 71,358

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9 66.1 67.0 68.1 66.3 66.4 66.6 66.8 67.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,343 8,821 7,895 7,441 8,011 7,835 7,848 7,882 7,998

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 11.2 10.0 9.4 10.2 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,386 27,139 27,179 26,091 27,723 27,774 27,628 27,403 26,945

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,415 122,339 122,419 121,415 122,197 122,185 122,263 122,339 122,419

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,956 71,712 71,898 72,315 71,605 71,880 72,015 72,015 72,262

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.3 58.6 58.7 59.6 58.6 58.8 58.9 58.9 59.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,815 65,730 65,988 66,794 65,293 65,817 65,828 65,813 65,907

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 53.7 53.9 55.0 53.4 53.9 53.8 53.8 53.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,141 5,982 5,910 5,521 6,312 6,064 6,187 6,203 6,355

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 8.3 8.2 7.6 8.8 8.4 8.6 8.6 8.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,458 50,627 50,521 49,100 50,591 50,305 50,247 50,323 50,157

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,999 113,974 114,066 112,999 113,832 113,796 113,886 113,974 114,066

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,957 68,967 69,101 69,105 68,620 68,949 69,069 69,027 69,265

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.0 60.5 60.6 61.2 60.3 60.6 60.6 60.6 60.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,318 63,537 63,746 64,147 62,998 63,527 63,538 63,495 63,552

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 55.7 55.9 56.8 55.3 55.8 55.8 55.7 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,639 5,430 5,355 4,957 5,622 5,422 5,531 5,532 5,712

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 7.9 7.7 7.2 8.2 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,041 45,007 44,965 43,894 45,212 44,848 44,818 44,947 44,801

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,076 16,987 16,962 17,076 16,967 17,038 17,012 16,987 16,962

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,066 5,635 5,689 6,507 6,037 5,996 5,972 6,087 6,094

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.5 33.2 33.5 38.1 35.6 35.2 35.1 35.8 35.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,799 4,207 4,330 5,089 4,403 4,416 4,480 4,496 4,544

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1 24.8 25.5 29.8 25.9 25.9 26.3 26.5 26.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,267 1,427 1,358 1,418 1,634 1,580 1,491 1,591 1,550

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.9 25.3 23.9 21.8 27.1 26.4 25.0 26.1 25.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,010 11,352 11,273 10,569 10,930 11,041 11,041 10,899 10,867

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2009

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Dec.

2009

Jan.

2010

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,552 191,648 191,749 190,552 191,628 191,454 191,552 191,648 191,749

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,316 124,950 125,062 126,108 124,605 124,579 124,847 125,054 125,779

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 65.2 65.2 66.2 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.3 65.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,587 113,339 114,302 115,896 113,339 113,797 113,865 114,108 114,484

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 59.1 59.6 60.8 59.1 59.4 59.4 59.5 59.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,729 11,611 10,760 10,213 11,266 10,782 10,982 10,945 11,295

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 9.3 8.6 8.1 9.0 8.7 8.8 8.8 9.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,235 66,698 66,687 64,443 67,024 66,875 66,705 66,594 65,970

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,298 65,277 65,392 65,531 64,804 64,682 64,889 64,973 65,556

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.4 74.8 74.9 75.7 74.3 74.3 74.4 74.5 75.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,847 58,701 59,460 59,948 58,782 58,813 59,021 59,208 59,504

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 67.3 68.1 69.2 67.4 67.5 67.7 67.9 68.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,451 6,576 5,932 5,582 6,022 5,869 5,868 5,765 6,052

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 10.1 9.1 8.5 9.3 9.1 9.0 8.9 9.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,033 55,033 54,971 55,203 54,822 55,017 55,061 55,104 55,184

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.5 60.2 60.1 60.7 60.0 60.2 60.2 60.3 60.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,692 51,079 51,174 51,648 50,753 51,248 51,048 51,103 51,123

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 55.9 55.9 56.8 55.5 56.1 55.8 55.9 55.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,341 3,954 3,797 3,556 4,069 3,769 4,014 4,000 4,061

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 7.2 6.9 6.4 7.4 6.8 7.3 7.3 7.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,986 4,640 4,699 5,374 4,978 4,880 4,897 4,977 5,040

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.2 35.8 36.3 41.1 38.4 37.5 37.7 38.4 38.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,049 3,559 3,668 4,300 3,804 3,736 3,797 3,797 3,857

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.0 27.5 28.3 32.9 29.3 28.7 29.2 29.3 29.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937 1,081 1,031 1,075 1,174 1,145 1,100 1,180 1,183

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.8 23.3 21.9 20.0 23.6 23.5 22.5 23.7 23.5

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,153 28,591 28,624 28,153 28,437 28,526 28,559 28,591 28,624

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,670 17,795 17,868 17,795 17,600 17,749 17,748 17,871 17,951

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 62.2 62.4 63.2 61.9 62.2 62.1 62.5 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,119 14,837 15,020 15,119 14,758 14,820 14,936 14,920 14,985

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.7 51.9 52.5 53.7 51.9 52.0 52.3 52.2 52.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,551 2,957 2,848 2,676 2,843 2,929 2,812 2,951 2,966

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4 16.6 15.9 15.0 16.2 16.5 15.8 16.5 16.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,483 10,796 10,756 10,358 10,837 10,777 10,811 10,720 10,673

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,932 8,124 8,081 7,989 7,907 7,970 7,985 8,134 8,130

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 70.3 69.8 70.5 68.8 69.2 69.2 70.4 70.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,567 6,479 6,635 6,613 6,591 6,566 6,561 6,592 6,668

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 56.1 57.3 58.4 57.4 57.0 56.9 57.0 57.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,365 1,645 1,446 1,376 1,316 1,405 1,424 1,542 1,462

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.2 20.2 17.9 17.2 16.6 17.6 17.8 19.0 18.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,023 9,004 9,151 9,042 8,959 9,034 9,074 9,021 9,146

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.9 62.7 63.7 64.0 62.7 63.1 63.3 62.8 63.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,076 7,954 7,971 8,010 7,788 7,836 7,975 7,907 7,894

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 55.4 55.4 56.7 54.5 54.7 55.6 55.1 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947 1,050 1,181 1,031 1,171 1,198 1,099 1,115 1,252

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 11.7 12.9 11.4 13.1 13.3 12.1 12.4 13.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 666 635 765 734 745 689 716 675

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 24.9 23.8 28.4 27.5 27.7 25.7 26.7 25.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 404 414 496 379 418 399 421 423

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.7 15.1 15.5 18.4 14.2 15.6 14.9 15.7 15.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 262 221 268 356 326 290 294 252

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.5 39.3 34.8 35.1 48.4 43.8 42.0 41.1 37.3

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,788 11,089 11,138 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2009

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Dec.

2009

Jan.

2010

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,128 7,174 7,300 – – – – – –

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.1 64.7 65.5 – – – – – –

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,659 6,633 6,806 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 59.8 61.1 – – – – – –

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 541 494 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 7.5 6.8 – – – – – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,660 3,915 3,838 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2009

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Dec.

2009

Jan.

2010

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population.................. 32,671 33,414 33,498 32,671 33,379 33,251 33,335 33,414 33,498

Civilian labor force................................. 22,317 22,656 22,554 22,403 22,404 22,578 22,648 22,707 22,684

Participation rate................................. 68.3 67.8 67.3 68.6 67.1 67.9 67.9 68.0 67.7

Employed......................................... 19,895 19,650 19,872 19,855 19,513 19,730 19,848 19,848 19,850

Employment-population ratio................ 60.9 58.8 59.3 60.8 58.5 59.3 59.5 59.4 59.3

Unemployed...................................... 2,422 3,006 2,682 2,548 2,891 2,848 2,800 2,859 2,834

Unemployment rate........................... 10.9 13.3 11.9 11.4 12.9 12.6 12.4 12.6 12.5

Not in labor force................................... 10,354 10,758 10,944 10,268 10,976 10,674 10,687 10,706 10,814

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 12,698 12,857 12,838 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 83.6 82.7 82.4 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 11,407 11,211 11,405 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 75.1 72.1 73.2 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 1,291 1,647 1,433 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 10.2 12.8 11.2 – – – – – –

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 8,601 8,763 8,754 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 59.9 59.9 59.6 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 7,740 7,716 7,786 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 53.9 52.7 53.0 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 860 1,047 969 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 10.0 12.0 11.1 – – – – – –

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................. 1,018 1,035 961 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 32.8 32.0 29.7 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 748 724 681 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 24.1 22.4 21.0 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 270 311 280 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 26.5 30.1 29.2 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2009

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Dec.

2009

Jan.

2010

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................... 12,180 11,803 12,225 12,078 11,977 11,835 11,518 11,775 12,122

Participation rate.................................... 46.2 46.2 46.8 45.9 45.6 45.4 46.2 46.1 46.4

Employed............................................ 10,399 9,889 10,447 10,282 10,144 10,033 9,722 10,067 10,335

Employment-population ratio................... 39.5 38.7 40.0 39.0 38.6 38.5 39.0 39.4 39.5

Unemployed......................................... 1,781 1,914 1,778 1,796 1,833 1,802 1,795 1,708 1,787

Unemployment rate.............................. 14.6 16.2 14.5 14.9 15.3 15.2 15.6 14.5 14.7

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................... 38,300 39,202 38,779 38,528 37,607 37,738 38,801 38,855 38,849

Participation rate.................................... 62.4 62.6 62.3 62.7 61.4 61.1 61.9 62.0 62.4

Employed............................................ 34,733 34,527 34,723 34,913 33,649 33,920 34,737 34,654 34,728

Employment-population ratio................... 56.6 55.1 55.8 56.8 55.0 54.9 55.4 55.3 55.8

Unemployed......................................... 3,568 4,674 4,056 3,614 3,958 3,818 4,064 4,201 4,120

Unemployment rate.............................. 9.3 11.9 10.5 9.4 10.5 10.1 10.5 10.8 10.6

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................... 36,917 36,579 36,547 36,927 36,892 36,761 36,575 36,582 36,552

Participation rate.................................... 71.6 70.8 70.8 71.7 70.6 71.5 70.2 70.8 70.8

Employed............................................ 34,169 33,410 33,590 34,153 33,560 33,629 33,660 33,586 33,535

Employment-population ratio................... 66.3 64.7 65.1 66.3 64.2 65.4 64.6 65.0 65.0

Unemployed......................................... 2,748 3,170 2,957 2,774 3,332 3,132 2,915 2,996 3,017

Unemployment rate.............................. 7.4 8.7 8.1 7.5 9.0 8.5 8.0 8.2 8.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................... 45,377 45,742 45,794 45,396 45,994 45,939 45,694 45,800 45,879

Participation rate.................................... 77.6 77.1 77.2 77.7 77.3 77.0 77.0 77.2 77.3

Employed............................................ 43,547 43,570 43,778 43,387 43,707 43,704 43,418 43,549 43,642

Employment-population ratio................... 74.5 73.4 73.8 74.2 73.4 73.3 73.1 73.4 73.5

Unemployed......................................... 1,831 2,172 2,015 2,010 2,288 2,235 2,276 2,251 2,237

Unemployment rate.............................. 4.0 4.7 4.4 4.4 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.9

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2010

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,261 22,093 20,509 20,310 1,752 1,783

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,073 11,742 10,960 10,632 1,113 1,110

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 53.1 53.4 52.4 63.5 62.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,050 10,679 10,037 9,669 1,013 1,010

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 48.3 48.9 47.6 57.8 56.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,023 1,064 923 964 100 100

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 9.1 8.4 9.1 9.0 9.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,188 10,351 9,549 9,678 639 673

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,902 2,101 1,588 1,748 314 353

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,552 1,694 1,333 1,441 220 254

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.6 80.6 83.9 82.4 69.9 71.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,392 1,472 1,196 1,249 197 223

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.2 70.0 75.3 71.4 62.6 63.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 223 137 192 23 31

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 13.1 10.3 13.3 10.4 12.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 407 255 308 95 99

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,863 2,989 2,435 2,500 428 489

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,508 2,610 2,162 2,226 346 383

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.6 87.3 88.8 89.0 80.8 78.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,265 2,397 1,952 2,047 313 350

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.1 80.2 80.1 81.9 73.2 71.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 213 210 179 33 33

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 8.1 9.7 8.1 9.5 8.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 380 273 274 82 106

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,499 11,103 11,114 10,725 385 377

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,418 4,019 4,287 3,904 131 116

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.4 36.2 38.6 36.4 34.0 30.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,108 3,726 3,980 3,614 127 112

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.7 33.6 35.8 33.7 33.0 29.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 293 306 289 4 4

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.3 7.1 7.4 2.9 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,082 7,083 6,827 6,822 254 262

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,997 5,900 5,372 5,336 625 564

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,595 3,419 3,178 3,062 417 357

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 58.0 59.2 57.4 66.7 63.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,286 3,084 2,909 2,759 376 325

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 52.3 54.2 51.7 60.2 57.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 335 269 303 41 32

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 9.8 8.5 9.9 9.7 9.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,401 2,481 2,194 2,274 208 207

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203,975 206,378 88,789 90,114 115,186 116,264

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,733 140,337 69,930 70,471 69,803 69,867

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 68.0 78.8 78.2 60.6 60.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,950 127,291 62,987 63,007 64,964 64,284

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 61.7 70.9 69.9 56.4 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,783 13,046 6,944 7,463 4,839 5,583

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 9.3 9.9 10.6 6.9 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,242 66,041 18,858 19,644 45,383 46,397

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time

periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and

another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2010

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population....................................................... 27,093 26,590 208,179 210,739

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 6,179 5,897 147,654 148,015

Participation rate...................................................................... 22.8 22.2 70.9 70.2

Employed.............................................................................. 5,381 4,999 135,204 134,303

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 19.9 18.8 64.9 63.7

Unemployed........................................................................... 798 897 12,450 13,712

Unemployment rate................................................................ 12.9 15.2 8.4 9.3

Not in labor force........................................................................ 20,913 20,693 60,524 62,725

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,757 2,731 75,625 75,654

Participation rate...................................................................... 38.0 37.8 83.8 83.2

Employed.............................................................................. 2,362 2,258 68,140 67,665

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 32.6 31.2 75.5 74.4

Unemployed........................................................................... 396 473 7,485 7,989

Unemployment rate................................................................ 14.3 17.3 9.9 10.6

Not in labor force........................................................................ 4,492 4,496 14,633 15,316

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,592 2,393 66,454 66,545

Participation rate...................................................................... 33.8 31.4 72.1 71.6

Employed.............................................................................. 2,233 2,035 61,817 61,148

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 29.1 26.7 67.0 65.8

Unemployed........................................................................... 359 358 4,637 5,397

Unemployment rate................................................................ 13.9 14.9 7.0 8.1

Not in labor force........................................................................ 5,084 5,227 25,772 26,395

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 830 773 5,575 5,816

Participation rate...................................................................... 6.8 6.6 21.7 21.7

Employed.............................................................................. 786 707 5,248 5,490

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 6.5 6.0 20.4 20.5

Unemployed........................................................................... 44 67 328 326

Unemployment rate................................................................ 5.2 8.6 5.9 5.6

Not in labor force........................................................................ 11,337 10,970 20,119 21,014

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing

even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;

has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or

shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2010

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 35,039 34,996 17,485 17,581 17,554 17,415

Civilian labor force................................................... 23,782 23,916 14,206 14,179 9,576 9,737

Participation rate................................................... 67.9 68.3 81.2 80.7 54.6 55.9

Employed........................................................... 21,750 21,816 12,975 12,940 8,775 8,876

Employment-population ratio.................................. 62.1 62.3 74.2 73.6 50.0 51.0

Unemployed........................................................ 2,032 2,100 1,231 1,239 801 861

Unemployment rate............................................. 8.5 8.8 8.7 8.7 8.4 8.8

Not in labor force..................................................... 11,257 11,080 3,280 3,402 7,978 7,678

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 200,232 202,333 96,371 97,329 103,861 105,003

Civilian labor force................................................... 130,052 129,995 67,672 67,834 62,380 62,161

Participation rate................................................... 65.0 64.2 70.2 69.7 60.1 59.2

Employed........................................................... 118,835 117,486 60,796 60,374 58,039 57,112

Employment-population ratio.................................. 59.3 58.1 63.1 62.0 55.9 54.4

Unemployed........................................................ 11,216 12,509 6,876 7,460 4,340 5,049

Unemployment rate............................................. 8.6 9.6 10.2 11.0 7.0 8.1

Not in labor force..................................................... 70,180 72,337 28,699 29,495 41,481 42,843

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or

one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the

United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2009

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Dec.

2009

Jan.

2010

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................... 2,087 2,103 2,210 2,143 2,056 2,115 2,313 2,217 2,254

Wage and salary workers......................... 1,164 1,242 1,343 1,217 1,308 1,342 1,362 1,374 1,397

Self-employed workers............................ 894 835 837 883 755 781 908 851 823

Unpaid family workers............................. 29 26 30 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries............................ 138,498 135,880 137,092 138,762 135,717 136,276 136,398 136,715 137,199

Wage and salary workers......................... 129,381 127,009 128,031 129,672 126,539 127,269 127,261 127,712 128,183

Government...................................... 21,548 21,472 21,844 21,196 21,110 21,227 21,292 21,281 21,440

Private industries................................ 107,832 105,537 106,187 108,469 105,428 106,031 105,942 106,447 106,706

Private households............................ 716 733 711 – – – – – –

Other industries............................... 107,116 104,804 105,476 107,742 104,666 105,329 105,243 105,682 105,977

Self-employed workers............................ 9,063 8,797 8,948 9,034 9,135 9,007 9,029 8,949 8,910

Unpaid family workers............................. 54 74 114 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1

All industries

Part time for economic reasons2................... 8,648 9,343 8,921 8,888 9,165 8,316 8,791 9,054 9,152

Slack work or business conditions............... 6,533 6,443 6,113 6,699 6,453 5,873 6,185 6,177 6,268

Could only find part-time work.................... 1,852 2,611 2,571 1,819 2,346 2,295 2,212 2,388 2,489

Part time for noneconomic reasons3

.............. 19,644 18,739 18,853 18,976 18,364 18,563 18,360 18,379 18,140

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons2

................... 8,556 9,210 8,830 8,795 9,055 8,193 8,651 8,946 9,049

Slack work or business conditions............... 6,462 6,343 6,063 6,634 6,378 5,792 6,079 6,099 6,213

Could only find part-time work.................... 1,842 2,606 2,558 1,826 2,349 2,288 2,199 2,406 2,486

Part time for noneconomic reasons3

.............. 19,282 18,430 18,506 18,595 18,056 18,218 18,043 18,066 17,798

1 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the

entire week.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,

inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

3 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,

retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during

the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2009

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Dec.

2009

Jan.

2010

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,586 137,983 139,302 140,902 137,792 138,333 138,641 138,905 139,455

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,799 4,207 4,330 5,089 4,403 4,416 4,480 4,496 4,544

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,585 1,243 1,333 1,735 1,425 1,484 1,456 1,402 1,453

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,214 2,964 2,998 3,340 2,987 2,938 3,043 3,093 3,073

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,786 133,775 134,972 135,813 133,389 133,916 134,161 134,409 134,911

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,939 12,380 12,434 13,043 12,389 12,435 12,539 12,601 12,509

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,847 121,396 122,539 122,761 121,012 121,404 121,471 121,731 122,352

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,761 93,620 94,543 95,756 93,791 94,004 94,001 94,053 94,487

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,092 29,860 30,221 30,111 29,794 30,022 30,123 30,080 30,208

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,811 30,623 30,912 31,793 30,744 30,683 30,560 30,730 30,874

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,859 33,137 33,410 33,851 33,254 33,299 33,318 33,244 33,405

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,086 27,776 27,995 27,006 27,221 27,399 27,470 27,678 27,865

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,771 72,253 73,315 74,107 72,499 72,516 72,813 73,092 73,548

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,303 2,014 2,088 2,442 2,108 2,126 2,190 2,179 2,189

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747 602 638 820 672 706 686 689 698

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,555 1,412 1,450 1,633 1,434 1,415 1,496 1,492 1,500

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,468 70,238 71,226 71,665 70,391 70,390 70,623 70,913 71,358

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,612 6,248 6,319 6,683 6,234 6,211 6,282 6,410 6,357

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,856 63,990 64,907 64,947 64,166 64,091 64,267 64,503 64,945

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,700 49,510 50,285 50,801 49,921 49,807 49,868 50,003 50,363

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,122 15,999 16,299 16,201 16,118 16,148 16,281 16,261 16,370

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,024 16,475 16,650 17,042 16,629 16,479 16,404 16,593 16,661

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,555 17,036 17,336 17,559 17,174 17,180 17,183 17,149 17,332

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,156 14,481 14,623 14,146 14,245 14,284 14,399 14,500 14,582

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,815 65,730 65,988 66,794 65,293 65,817 65,828 65,813 65,907

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,497 2,193 2,242 2,647 2,294 2,290 2,290 2,317 2,355

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838 640 694 914 753 777 770 713 755

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,659 1,552 1,548 1,706 1,553 1,523 1,546 1,601 1,573

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,318 63,537 63,746 64,147 62,998 63,527 63,538 63,495 63,552

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,327 6,132 6,115 6,361 6,155 6,224 6,258 6,191 6,152

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,991 57,405 57,631 57,814 56,846 57,313 57,204 57,229 57,407

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,061 44,110 44,259 44,955 43,870 44,197 44,134 44,050 44,124

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,970 13,861 13,922 13,911 13,676 13,874 13,843 13,819 13,837

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,787 14,148 14,263 14,751 14,115 14,203 14,156 14,137 14,213

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,304 16,101 16,074 16,292 16,080 16,119 16,135 16,094 16,073

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,930 13,295 13,373 12,860 12,976 13,116 13,071 13,179 13,283

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,470 42,954 43,256 44,424 43,312 43,126 43,168 43,083 43,205

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,668 34,900 34,812 35,438 35,004 35,073 35,248 34,887 34,643

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,951 8,688 8,907 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,746 109,877 111,391 113,630 110,254 110,497 110,840 111,256 112,091

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,840 28,106 27,912 27,115 27,466 27,718 27,596 27,549 27,167

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,781 7,063 7,105 7,731 6,910 6,961 7,060 6,959 7,029

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 5.1 5.1 5.5 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.0

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Apr.

2009

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Dec.

2009

Jan.

2010

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over............................. 13,816 15,005 15,260 8.9 10.0 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.9

16 to 19 years...................................... 1,418 1,591 1,550 21.8 27.1 26.4 25.0 26.1 25.4

16 to 17 years.................................... 529 589 599 23.4 29.9 27.9 28.2 29.6 29.2

18 to 19 years.................................... 926 1,000 975 21.7 25.8 25.4 23.7 24.4 24.1

20 years and over.................................. 12,398 13,414 13,710 8.4 9.3 9.0 9.1 9.1 9.2

20 to 24 years.................................... 2,225 2,367 2,605 14.6 15.6 15.8 16.0 15.8 17.2

25 years and over............................... 10,116 11,043 11,048 7.6 8.5 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.3

25 to 54 years................................. 8,251 9,029 8,950 7.9 8.9 8.6 8.6 8.8 8.7

25 to 34 years.............................. 3,257 3,338 3,436 9.8 10.2 9.9 9.8 10.0 10.2

35 to 44 years.............................. 2,606 2,886 2,730 7.6 8.8 8.5 8.8 8.6 8.1

45 to 54 years.............................. 2,387 2,805 2,784 6.6 7.9 7.6 7.4 7.8 7.7

55 years and over............................. 1,861 2,039 2,091 6.4 7.2 6.8 7.1 6.9 7.0

Men, 16 years and over.............................. 8,295 8,803 8,905 10.1 11.0 10.8 10.7 10.7 10.8

16 to 19 years...................................... 854 920 908 25.9 30.9 30.6 27.6 29.7 29.3

16 to 17 years.................................... 295 308 332 26.4 33.1 30.8 30.4 30.9 32.2

18 to 19 years.................................... 564 612 578 25.7 30.2 30.3 27.3 29.1 27.8

20 years and over.................................. 7,441 7,882 7,998 9.4 10.2 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.1

20 to 24 years.................................... 1,371 1,442 1,580 17.0 18.4 19.2 18.7 18.4 19.9

25 years and over............................... 6,006 6,413 6,343 8.5 9.2 9.0 9.1 9.0 8.9

25 to 54 years................................. 4,973 5,252 5,162 8.9 9.6 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.3

25 to 34 years.............................. 2,036 2,045 2,007 11.2 11.0 10.8 10.8 11.2 10.9

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,537 1,593 1,554 8.3 8.9 9.0 9.4 8.8 8.5

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,399 1,614 1,601 7.4 9.0 8.5 8.2 8.6 8.5

55 years and over............................. 1,034 1,160 1,182 6.8 7.9 7.5 7.8 7.4 7.5

Women, 16 years and over.......................... 5,521 6,203 6,355 7.6 8.8 8.4 8.6 8.6 8.8

16 to 19 years...................................... 563 671 642 17.6 23.1 21.9 22.3 22.4 21.4

16 to 17 years.................................... 234 281 268 20.4 26.8 25.0 26.2 28.3 26.2

18 to 19 years.................................... 362 388 398 17.5 21.3 20.1 19.9 19.5 20.2

20 years and over.................................. 4,957 5,532 5,712 7.2 8.2 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.2

20 to 24 years.................................... 854 925 1,025 11.8 12.5 12.2 13.1 13.0 14.3

25 years and over............................... 4,110 4,631 4,705 6.6 7.6 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6

25 to 54 years................................. 3,278 3,777 3,788 6.8 8.1 7.7 7.7 7.9 7.9

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,221 1,293 1,429 8.1 9.2 8.8 8.6 8.6 9.4

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,069 1,293 1,176 6.8 8.6 7.9 8.0 8.4 7.6

45 to 54 years.............................. 988 1,192 1,183 5.7 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.9 6.9

55 years and over1

........................... 745 841 815 5.4 5.8 6.1 6.5 6.0 5.7

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present....................... 3,005 3,097 3,060 6.3 7.3 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.6

Married women, spouse present.................... 2,063 2,242 2,322 5.5 5.8 5.8 6.1 6.0 6.3

Women who maintain families1

.................... 999 1,102 1,105 10.0 13.0 12.3 11.6 11.3 11.0

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2.................................... 12,088 13,079 13,354 9.6 10.9 10.4 10.5 10.5 10.6

Part-time workers3................................... 1,739 1,977 1,894 6.0 6.0 6.4 6.2 6.7 6.5

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time

jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2009

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Dec.

2009

Jan.

2010

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 8,687 10,311 9,110 8,867 9,701 9,323 9,550 9,354 9,246

On temporary layoff................................ 1,586 2,015 1,296 1,638 1,558 1,454 1,558 1,595 1,359

Not on temporary layoff............................ 7,101 8,296 7,814 7,229 8,143 7,869 7,992 7,758 7,887

Permanent job losers............................ 5,853 6,837 6,521 5,823 6,773 6,424 6,666 6,393 6,494

Persons who completed temporary jobs...... 1,248 1,459 1,293 1,344 1,448 1,445 1,326 1,366 1,393

Job leavers............................................. 842 856 895 887 932 914 866 894 938

Reentrants............................................. 2,932 3,521 3,558 3,127 3,334 3,585 3,451 3,544 3,739

New entrants.......................................... 788 991 1,047 919 1,270 1,235 1,238 1,197 1,231

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 65.6 65.8 62.4 64.3 63.7 61.9 63.2 62.4 61.0

On temporary layoff................................ 12.0 12.9 8.9 11.9 10.2 9.7 10.3 10.6 9.0

Not on temporary layoff............................ 53.6 52.9 53.5 52.4 53.4 52.3 52.9 51.8 52.0

Job leavers............................................. 6.4 5.5 6.1 6.4 6.1 6.1 5.7 6.0 6.2

Reentrants............................................. 22.1 22.5 24.4 22.7 21.9 23.8 22.8 23.6 24.7

New entrants.......................................... 5.9 6.3 7.2 6.7 8.3 8.2 8.2 8.0 8.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 5.6 6.7 5.9 5.7 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.0

Job leavers............................................. 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Reentrants............................................. 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.4

New entrants.......................................... 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2009

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Dec.

2009

Jan.

2010

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 2,855 2,402 2,304 3,284 2,929 3,008 2,748 2,646 2,682

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 3,526 3,599 2,594 3,962 3,486 3,362 3,412 3,228 2,991

15 weeks and over.................................... 6,867 9,676 9,710 6,296 8,969 8,945 8,829 8,983 8,969

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 2,966 2,966 2,691 2,571 2,840 2,632 2,696 2,436 2,253

27 weeks and over................................. 3,901 6,711 7,020 3,725 6,130 6,313 6,133 6,547 6,716

Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 23.4 32.1 35.8 21.8 29.1 30.2 29.7 31.2 33.0

Median duration, in weeks........................... 15.4 21.6 25.8 13.1 20.5 19.9 19.4 20.0 21.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 21.5 15.3 15.8 24.3 19.0 19.6 18.3 17.8 18.3

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 26.6 23.0 17.8 29.3 22.7 22.0 22.8 21.7 20.4

15 weeks and over.................................... 51.8 61.7 66.5 46.5 58.3 58.4 58.9 60.5 61.3

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 22.4 18.9 18.4 19.0 18.5 17.2 18.0 16.4 15.4

27 weeks and over................................. 29.4 42.8 48.1 27.5 39.8 41.2 40.9 44.1 45.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2010

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 140,586 139,302 13,248 14,609 8.6 9.5

Management, professional, and related occupations............ 52,597 52,355 2,164 2,464 4.0 4.5

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations...................................................... 21,455 21,215 995 1,139 4.4 5.1

Professional and related occupations........................... 31,142 31,140 1,170 1,325 3.6 4.1

Service occupations.................................................. 24,548 24,474 2,354 2,733 8.7 10.0

Sales and office occupations....................................... 34,053 33,577 2,966 3,173 8.0 8.6

Sales and related occupations................................... 15,555 15,416 1,463 1,554 8.6 9.2

Office and administrative support occupations................. 18,498 18,160 1,503 1,619 7.5 8.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations......................................................... 13,453 13,013 2,438 2,673 15.3 17.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 924 960 166 193 15.2 16.7

Construction and extraction occupations....................... 7,423 7,083 1,816 1,931 19.7 21.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............. 5,107 4,971 456 549 8.2 10.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations......................................................... 15,934 15,884 2,501 2,478 13.6 13.5

Production occupations........................................... 7,563 7,836 1,306 1,252 14.7 13.8

Transportation and material moving occupations.............. 8,371 8,048 1,196 1,226 12.5 13.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2010

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 13,248 14,609 8.6 9.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers................................... 11,222 11,967 9.4 10.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..................................... 125 69 16.1 9.4

Construction........................................................................... 1,737 1,919 18.7 21.8

Manufacturing......................................................................... 1,968 1,688 12.4 11.1

Durable goods...................................................................... 1,278 1,100 12.8 11.6

Nondurable goods................................................................. 690 588 11.8 10.2

Wholesale and retail trade.......................................................... 1,833 1,967 9.0 9.5

Transportation and utilities.......................................................... 541 530 9.0 9.1

Information............................................................................ 320 302 10.1 9.4

Financial activities.................................................................... 561 708 6.0 7.6

Professional and business services................................................ 1,448 1,586 10.4 11.1

Education and health services...................................................... 964 1,051 4.6 5.0

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 1,322 1,633 10.2 12.8

Other services........................................................................ 403 515 6.4 8.4

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers.......................... 176 232 13.5 15.0

Government workers.................................................................... 575 769 2.6 3.4

Self-employed and unpaid family workers........................................... 488 594 4.6 5.6

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2009

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Dec.

2009

Jan.

2010

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010

Apr.

2010

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force.............. 4.5 6.3 6.3 4.1 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force........................................... 5.6 6.7 5.9 5.7 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.0

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate).................................................. 8.6 10.2 9.5 8.9 10.0 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

discouraged workers............................... 9.0 10.8 10.2 9.4 10.5 10.3 10.4 10.3 10.6

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,

plus all other persons marginally attached to

the labor force, as a percent of the civilian

labor force plus all persons marginally attached

to the labor force................................... 9.8 11.5 10.9 10.1 11.4 11.2 11.1 11.1 11.3

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all

persons marginally attached to the labor

force.................................................. 15.4 17.5 16.6 15.8 17.3 16.5 16.8 16.9 17.1

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are

available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a

job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for

full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2010

Apr.

2009

Apr.

2010

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................. 81,437 83,418 31,979 32,897 49,458 50,521

Persons who currently want a job.................................. 5,868 5,865 2,805 2,795 3,063 3,070

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,089 2,432 1,105 1,294 984 1,138

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 740 1,197 470 736 270 461

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .. 1,350 1,234 635 557 714 677

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4............................................. 7,781 7,105 3,775 3,453 4,006 3,651

Percent of total employed........................................... 5.5 5.1 5.1 4.7 6.0 5.5

Primary job full time, secondary job part time.................... 4,119 3,636 2,226 1,971 1,894 1,665

Primary and secondary jobs both part time....................... 2,025 1,888 659 600 1,366 1,288

Primary and secondary jobs both full time........................ 231 289 137 183 94 106

Hours vary on primary or secondary job.......................... 1,347 1,256 715 684 633 571

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,

but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling

or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation

problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Change

from:

Mar.2010 -

Apr.2010p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,389 128,085 128,961 130,119 131,542 129,641 129,871 130,161 290

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,293 105,335 106,059 107,143 108,861 107,185 107,359 107,590 231

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,681 17,274 17,453 17,736 18,956 17,848 17,903 17,968 65

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702 676 688 699 714 691 701 708 7

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.9 46.2 45.5 44.7 50.1 47.2 47.9 48.5 0.6

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656.0 630.2 642.8 654.4 664.0 644.1 652.6 659.4 6.8

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.8 160.6 161.4 162.0 162.2 161.5 162.8 163.9 1.1

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211.3 199.7 204.9 211.0 214.8 211.2 213.1 213.4 0.3

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.8 80.6 81.5 81.4 84.2 80.7 81.2 81.4 0.2

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284.9 269.9 276.5 281.4 287.0 271.4 276.7 282.1 5.4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,014 5,150 5,279 5,488 6,179 5,585 5,611 5,625 14

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,359.1 1,187.7 1,213.3 1,239.7 1,400.4 1,255.4 1,267.8 1,273.0 5.2

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634.4 549.8 557.0 562.7 659.0 586.7 586.8 582.8 -4.0

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724.7 637.9 656.3 677.0 741.4 668.7 681.0 690.2 9.2

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . . 841.7 686.3 721.0 789.7 866.7 793.4 802.1 811.3 9.2

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,813.4 3,275.5 3,344.6 3,458.4 3,911.9 3,535.7 3,541.0 3,540.3 -0.7

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . 1,607.4 1,437.6 1,448.2 1,501.2 1,646.4 1,552.9 1,542.7 1,535.8 -6.9

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . . 2,206.0 1,837.9 1,896.4 1,957.2 2,265.5 1,982.8 1,998.3 2,004.5 6.2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,965 11,448 11,486 11,549 12,063 11,572 11,591 11,635 44

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,407 7,007 7,042 7,086 7,450 7,071 7,094 7,124 30

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.8 336.9 339.3 348.3 370.5 348.9 350.6 353.6 3.0

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402.9 364.0 368.8 381.6 405.1 383.1 381.7 382.2 0.5

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.4 357.1 362.4 364.7 371.7 358.9 363.2 367.2 4.0

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,330.9 1,263.6 1,272.7 1,278.0 1,339.9 1,273.3 1,282.3 1,290.9 8.6

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,046.7 975.9 979.9 984.3 1,057.5 979.8 985.7 993.1 7.4

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,156.6 1,089.3 1,091.4 1,090.2 1,160.2 1,091.9 1,092.7 1,092.8 0.1

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . . 168.7 157.4 157.9 158.0 169.1 158.2 158.0 158.3 0.3

Communication equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.2 119.5 119.1 119.1 122.5 118.7 119.4 119.3 -0.1

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.8 360.6 362.1 362.7 387.5 361.6 362.6 364.2 1.6

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428.3 405.5 405.2 403.9 428.9 406.9 405.6 404.3 -1.3

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . . 376.8 363.0 364.0 366.6 379.3 364.5 366.3 368.8 2.5

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,373.9 1,328.9 1,335.7 1,337.7 1,376.3 1,333.6 1,335.9 1,339.6 3.7

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679.2 667.8 673.4 677.1 678.9 669.7 672.7 677.1 4.4

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.5 356.4 355.9 359.1 395.7 361.2 359.7 359.8 0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591.7 572.2 572.3 575.5 593.6 575.5 575.5 575.9 0.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,558 4,441 4,444 4,463 4,613 4,501 4,497 4,511 14

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,427.0 1,421.9 1,426.9 1,429.6 1,462.6 1,455.0 1,456.8 1,462.2 5.4

Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . . 184.1 177.9 179.0 180.8 188.6 184.1 184.9 185.2 0.3

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126.5 122.5 122.7 123.6 127.7 123.5 123.0 123.8 0.8

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.5 120.9 121.0 121.2 126.4 122.0 121.7 121.8 0.1

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.6 166.7 164.6 164.6 171.8 167.9 165.6 165.7 0.1

Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.4 28.4 28.5 27.5 30.2 28.6 28.4 27.4 -1.0

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409.0 396.8 394.0 397.3 412.1 398.8 397.3 399.5 2.2

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . . 530.6 496.2 494.2 494.1 534.6 499.9 496.6 497.7 1.1

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.8 108.5 109.8 114.5 115.9 113.6 113.5 115.3 1.8

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806.9 783.5 781.6 780.0 809.3 785.0 783.3 782.0 -1.3

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632.8 617.7 621.9 630.2 633.9 622.4 626.3 630.2 3.9

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,612 88,061 88,606 89,407 89,905 89,337 89,456 89,622 166

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,811 24,277 24,413 24,486 25,052 24,667 24,700 24,697 -3

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,621.6 5,504.8 5,534.4 5,556.2 5,641.7 5,559.5 5,569.0 5,573.0 4.0

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,835.0 2,743.8 2,749.0 2,755.2 2,845.6 2,764.3 2,763.3 2,765.6 2.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,973.3 1,943.1 1,962.5 1,973.6 1,981.0 1,971.8 1,979.2 1,979.1 -0.1

Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. . 813.3 817.9 822.9 827.4 815.1 823.4 826.5 828.3 1.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,395.6 14,133.6 14,215.8 14,273.9 14,592.4 14,416.2 14,431.3 14,443.7 12.4

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,642.8 1,593.8 1,607.6 1,625.1 1,647.2 1,622.7 1,625.0 1,628.7 3.7

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,022.7 1,001.6 1,008.8 1,014.1 1,027.0 1,014.0 1,016.3 1,018.0 1.7

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . 447.1 434.6 433.5 430.9 455.0 440.6 441.3 438.6 -2.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Change

from:

Mar.2010 -

Apr.2010p

Retail trade - Continued

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 481.4 478.3 478.3 472.3 488.0 481.5 480.7 477.4 -3.3

Building material and garden supply stores.. . 1,189.5 1,112.9 1,153.6 1,200.2 1,171.2 1,162.2 1,174.7 1,176.4 1.7

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,807.5 2,776.2 2,775.7 2,778.0 2,839.0 2,804.7 2,803.6 2,807.5 3.9

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 980.2 971.6 968.7 972.3 985.8 977.1 974.7 977.4 2.7

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821.3 807.3 809.2 815.2 827.6 819.7 819.6 820.8 1.2

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . 1,323.8 1,322.8 1,331.7 1,345.5 1,377.9 1,375.4 1,381.9 1,390.5 8.6

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599.6 603.0 592.2 591.5 622.3 612.4 610.9 612.5 1.6

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,917.7 2,861.8 2,902.6 2,872.2 2,968.8 2,930.3 2,927.6 2,921.7 -5.9

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,427.0 1,439.2 1,447.6 1,435.8 1,471.0 1,477.4 1,476.8 1,477.1 0.3

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773.1 762.3 753.0 761.2 786.7 772.7 772.5 772.5 0.0

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411.6 409.0 409.7 409.5 422.9 416.9 418.8 419.7 0.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,234.5 4,082.6 4,106.1 4,099.4 4,255.8 4,133.5 4,141.4 4,121.9 -19.5

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459.3 452.4 451.9 452.2 458.0 454.5 452.4 451.7 -0.7

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223.1 213.1 214.7 215.6 222.6 213.6 215.0 214.5 -0.5

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 58.9 61.1 62.3 64.3 62.3 63.4 63.2 -0.2

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,256.4 1,193.2 1,199.6 1,209.2 1,274.2 1,227.9 1,225.5 1,226.5 1.0

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.2 422.9 428.5 429.5 416.6 410.7 414.9 413.7 -1.2

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.9 40.7 39.4 39.4 42.0 40.8 39.8 39.7 -0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . . 24.7 20.9 21.5 27.0 27.7 28.4 28.4 29.9 1.5

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . . 553.6 532.7 533.9 537.1 556.8 535.2 538.3 540.0 1.7

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541.1 517.6 516.6 490.1 548.1 521.7 520.9 499.9 -21.0

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637.8 630.2 638.9 637.0 645.5 638.4 642.8 642.8 0.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559.3 555.9 556.5 556.0 562.1 558.2 558.1 558.6 0.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,833 2,734 2,726 2,722 2,837 2,739 2,727 2,724 -3

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . 809.6 761.7 760.7 760.5 812.9 763.9 761.9 762.5 0.6

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356.7 345.2 344.0 348.4 355.3 347.4 344.3 345.7 1.4

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302.8 294.7 295.1 294.6 304.8 296.0 295.9 296.3 0.4

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977.6 947.9 942.7 931.0 979.9 945.4 941.2 934.5 -6.7

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253.4 248.2 247.9 250.4 251.0 249.8 247.5 247.8 0.3

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.9 136.0 135.9 137.1 133.1 136.2 136.6 137.5 0.9

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,768 7,584 7,569 7,578 7,805 7,628 7,608 7,611 3

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,784.5 5,665.2 5,652.1 5,648.4 5,796.1 5,670.6 5,656.6 5,657.1 0.5

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 21.2 21.1 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.2 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,602.7 2,568.6 2,563.0 2,560.6 2,608.8 2,567.9 2,564.9 2,564.5 -0.4

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,760.1 1,748.3 1,747.1 1,749.8 1,764.3 1,750.0 1,751.2 1,752.9 1.7

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,319.3 1,310.4 1,308.9 1,311.5 1,321.9 1,311.4 1,311.6 1,313.6 2.0

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812.7 791.8 789.6 794.4 816.3 793.0 790.3 797.4 7.1

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . . 2,259.8 2,198.6 2,193.7 2,188.0 2,261.5 2,203.5 2,195.6 2,189.7 -5.9

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . . 88.1 85.1 84.6 84.2 88.3 85.0 84.6 84.3 -0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,983.8 1,918.5 1,916.4 1,930.0 2,008.7 1,956.9 1,951.4 1,953.9 2.5

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,407.7 1,375.4 1,369.0 1,377.3 1,422.0 1,397.9 1,390.2 1,392.7 2.5

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549.4 518.5 522.8 528.4 560.0 534.1 536.3 536.8 0.5

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . . 26.7 24.6 24.6 24.3 26.7 24.9 24.9 24.4 -0.5

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,594 16,288 16,352 16,631 16,636 16,567 16,580 16,660 80

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 7,624.1 7,499.5 7,467.2 7,487.7 7,557.8 7,416.7 7,407.0 7,419.2 12.2

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,126.5 1,098.7 1,100.0 1,099.0 1,131.1 1,105.2 1,104.2 1,103.1 -1.1

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . . 1,022.8 1,060.1 1,021.8 1,010.7 925.0 917.4 911.1 912.2 1.1

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . 1,332.5 1,260.8 1,260.8 1,264.5 1,344.6 1,279.9 1,278.4 1,274.9 -3.5

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,421.6 1,435.8 1,430.1 1,442.2 1,425.8 1,439.4 1,438.4 1,445.7 7.3

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985.8 972.3 974.4 977.0 991.6 983.3 984.4 985.4 1.0

Management of companies and enterprises. . . . 1,864.0 1,811.3 1,816.4 1,825.4 1,873.9 1,822.6 1,825.4 1,832.0 6.6

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,105.9 6,977.6 7,068.3 7,317.9 7,204.0 7,327.2 7,347.7 7,408.7 61.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Change

from:

Mar.2010 -

Apr.2010p

Administrative and waste services - Continued

Administrative and support services1. . . . . . . . 6,759.5 6,639.3 6,727.5 6,972.8 6,854.7 6,980.2 7,000.0 7,060.7 60.7

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,398.6 2,512.7 2,573.6 2,661.8 2,477.8 2,666.1 2,704.5 2,734.4 29.9

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,737.4 1,870.7 1,922.1 1,991.1 1,805.3 1,996.1 2,028.5 2,054.7 26.2

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820.3 800.1 799.9 796.0 820.2 798.3 795.0 797.4 2.4

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . . 1,749.4 1,559.9 1,577.9 1,731.4 1,755.6 1,725.8 1,710.8 1,734.2 23.4

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346.4 338.3 340.8 345.1 349.3 347.0 347.7 348.0 0.3

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,255 19,491 19,589 19,651 19,099 19,400 19,454 19,489 35

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,232.6 3,252.6 3,282.0 3,302.3 3,079.0 3,121.2 3,132.5 3,141.4 8.9

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,022.2 16,238.5 16,307.1 16,348.3 16,019.5 16,279.2 16,321.6 16,348.0 26.4

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,452.6 13,622.4 13,669.4 13,694.5 13,476.7 13,668.0 13,700.9 13,721.0 20.1

Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . . 5,737.0 5,844.4 5,871.5 5,888.7 5,741.2 5,864.1 5,885.1 5,894.5 9.4

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,261.0 2,305.8 2,307.2 2,304.9 2,266.4 2,310.8 2,312.2 2,311.9 -0.3

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540.2 544.7 548.3 550.3 540.3 545.9 549.1 550.8 1.7

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,014.2 1,044.4 1,055.0 1,066.6 1,012.9 1,051.9 1,058.7 1,065.2 6.5

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,654.5 4,694.3 4,695.8 4,697.9 4,669.0 4,704.3 4,706.2 4,712.3 6.1

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,061.1 3,083.7 3,102.1 3,107.9 3,066.5 3,099.6 3,109.6 3,114.2 4.6

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,636.2 1,637.7 1,646.5 1,649.9 1,639.7 1,646.7 1,651.1 1,653.4 2.3

Social assistance1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,569.6 2,616.1 2,637.7 2,653.8 2,542.8 2,611.2 2,620.7 2,627.0 6.3

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874.3 873.7 882.5 887.5 854.9 861.7 864.9 867.1 2.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,983 12,431 12,664 13,012 13,103 13,026 13,067 13,112 45

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,865.4 1,692.5 1,738.6 1,869.7 1,908.8 1,893.1 1,897.4 1,912.3 14.9

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . . 397.2 367.1 371.6 397.8 394.2 396.0 394.6 395.1 0.5

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks. . . 127.1 116.2 120.9 127.6 129.4 128.9 130.0 129.6 -0.4

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . . 1,341.1 1,209.2 1,246.1 1,344.3 1,385.2 1,368.2 1,372.8 1,387.6 14.8

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,117.6 10,738.8 10,925.6 11,142.3 11,194.2 11,133.3 11,169.9 11,199.3 29.4

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,715.7 1,650.6 1,669.8 1,702.0 1,762.1 1,728.4 1,735.4 1,743.8 8.4

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . 9,401.9 9,088.2 9,255.8 9,440.3 9,432.1 9,404.9 9,434.5 9,455.5 21.0

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,368 5,256 5,293 5,327 5,373 5,310 5,320 5,329 9

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,162.6 1,124.2 1,138.4 1,149.2 1,158.7 1,136.1 1,140.9 1,143.3 2.4

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,286.0 1,255.5 1,263.2 1,274.5 1,283.2 1,271.5 1,271.7 1,271.6 -0.1

Membership associations and organizations. . . . 2,919.6 2,876.1 2,891.2 2,903.1 2,931.1 2,902.1 2,907.1 2,914.0 6.9

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,096 22,750 22,902 22,976 22,681 22,456 22,512 22,571 59

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,922.0 2,837.0 2,898.0 2,979.0 2,919.0 2,860.0 2,914.0 2,979.0 65.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,198.7 2,174.6 2,237.2 2,316.0 2,201.9 2,192.9 2,251.3 2,320.4 69.1

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723.0 662.0 660.5 663.1 716.6 666.6 662.9 658.9 -4.0

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,328.0 5,292.0 5,315.0 5,315.0 5,184.0 5,175.0 5,176.0 5,171.0 -5.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,514.6 2,521.8 2,540.2 2,539.7 2,367.9 2,392.5 2,392.9 2,392.2 -0.7

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 2,813.0 2,770.2 2,775.2 2,775.3 2,816.2 2,782.7 2,783.2 2,778.8 -4.4

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,846.0 14,621.0 14,689.0 14,682.0 14,578.0 14,421.0 14,422.0 14,421.0 -1.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,441.7 8,321.0 8,378.8 8,352.4 8,093.9 8,000.7 8,006.1 8,004.7 -1.4

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 6,404.7 6,299.8 6,310.2 6,329.8 6,484.4 6,419.8 6,415.4 6,415.9 0.5

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 33.9 33.9 34.0 34.1

Goods-producing..................................................................... 38.4 38.9 39.2 39.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 42.2 42.7 43.1 43.0

Construction........................................................................ 37.4 37.0 37.1 37.4

Manufacturing...................................................................... 38.7 39.7 39.9 40.1

Durable goods................................................................... 38.9 39.9 40.2 40.4

Nondurable goods............................................................... 38.5 39.3 39.5 39.6

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.0 32.9 33.0 33.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 34.2 34.0 34.1 34.2

Wholesale trade................................................................. 37.9 37.9 37.9 38.0

Retail trade....................................................................... 31.3 31.1 31.2 31.3

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 38.1 37.8 38.1 38.2

Utilities............................................................................ 40.8 40.7 40.7 41.0

Information.......................................................................... 36.4 36.6 36.7 36.7

Financial activities................................................................. 36.5 36.8 36.9 36.8

Professional and business services............................................. 35.0 35.2 35.2 35.3

Education and health services................................................... 33.1 32.8 32.8 32.9

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 25.6 25.7 25.8 25.8

Other services...................................................................... 31.7 31.5 31.7 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 2.1 2.7 2.9 3.0

Durable goods........................................................................ 1.9 2.6 2.8 2.9

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 2.5 2.9 3.1 3.1

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Total private................................................. $22.11 $22.48 $22.46 $22.47 $ 749.53 $ 762.07 $ 763.64 $ 766.23

Goods-producing........................................ 23.72 23.95 23.92 23.90 910.85 931.66 937.66 941.66

Mining and logging................................... 27.38 27.10 27.10 27.16 1,155.44 1,157.17 1,168.01 1,167.88

Construction........................................... 24.78 25.24 25.23 25.17 926.77 933.88 936.03 941.36

Manufacturing......................................... 22.96 23.17 23.12 23.12 888.55 919.85 922.49 927.11

Durable goods...................................... 24.39 24.69 24.60 24.57 948.77 985.13 988.92 992.63

Nondurable goods................................. 20.62 20.75 20.74 20.78 793.87 815.48 819.23 822.89

Private service-providing............................... 21.72 22.13 22.12 22.12 716.76 728.08 729.96 729.96

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 19.24 19.65 19.68 19.74 658.01 668.10 671.09 675.11

Wholesale trade.................................... 25.13 26.15 26.16 26.24 952.43 991.09 991.46 997.12

Retail trade.......................................... 15.36 15.53 15.56 15.62 480.77 482.98 485.47 488.91

Transportation and warehousing................. 20.46 20.88 20.90 20.94 779.53 789.26 796.29 799.91

Utilities............................................... 32.79 32.39 32.58 32.56 1,337.83 1,318.27 1,326.01 1,334.96

Information............................................. 28.95 30.27 30.38 30.26 1,053.78 1,107.88 1,114.95 1,110.54

Financial activities.................................... 26.32 26.96 27.02 27.11 960.68 992.13 997.04 997.65

Professional and business services................ 26.99 27.21 27.13 27.05 944.65 957.79 954.98 954.87

Education and health services...................... 22.31 22.67 22.65 22.71 738.46 743.58 742.92 747.16

Leisure and hospitality............................... 12.88 13.07 13.07 13.04 329.73 335.90 337.21 336.43

Other services......................................... 19.31 20.00 19.92 19.80 612.13 630.00 631.46 631.62

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2010 -

Apr.

2010p

Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2010 -

Apr.

2010p

Total private....................................... 92.5 91.1 91.5 91.9 0.4 97.5 97.6 98.0 98.5 0.5

Goods-producing............................... 82.9 79.1 80.0 80.7 0.9 88.9 85.6 86.4 87.1 0.8

Mining and logging.......................... 94.7 92.7 94.9 95.7 0.8 104.1 100.9 103.3 104.3 1.0

Construction.................................. 79.6 71.2 71.7 72.5 1.1 85.7 78.1 78.6 79.3 0.9

Manufacturing................................ 84.0 82.6 83.2 83.9 0.8 89.7 89.1 89.5 90.2 0.8

Durable goods............................ 81.6 79.4 80.3 81.0 0.9 88.4 87.1 87.7 88.4 0.8

Nondurable goods........................ 88.6 88.3 88.7 89.2 0.6 92.7 93.0 93.3 94.0 0.8

Private service-providing...................... 95.3 94.4 94.8 95.0 0.2 100.3 101.2 101.6 101.8 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 93.1 91.1 91.5 91.8 0.3 96.4 96.4 97.0 97.5 0.5

Wholesale trade........................... 93.3 91.9 92.1 92.4 0.3 97.8 100.3 100.5 101.2 0.7

Retail trade................................ 92.8 91.0 91.4 91.8 0.4 94.2 93.5 94.1 94.8 0.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 92.8 89.4 90.3 90.1 -0.2 96.4 94.8 95.8 95.8 0.0

Utilities..................................... 99.2 98.3 98.3 99.1 0.8 107.5 105.2 105.8 106.6 0.8

Information................................... 94.3 91.6 91.4 91.3 -0.1 97.2 98.7 98.9 98.4 -0.5

Financial activities........................... 93.9 92.5 92.5 92.3 -0.2 96.4 97.3 97.6 97.7 0.1

Professional and business services....... 91.6 91.7 91.8 92.5 0.8 100.1 101.1 100.9 101.4 0.5

Education and health services............. 102.9 103.6 103.9 104.4 0.5 107.5 110.0 110.2 111.0 0.7

Leisure and hospitality...................... 95.7 95.5 96.2 96.5 0.3 99.5 100.7 101.4 101.5 0.1

Other services............................... 94.4 92.7 93.4 94.2 0.9 103.4 105.2 105.6 105.8 0.2

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Total nonfarm............................................... 65,521 64,674 64,738 64,824 49.8 49.9 49.8 49.8

Total private.............................................. 52,534 51,870 51,917 51,985 48.3 48.4 48.4 48.3

Goods-producing...................................... 4,373 4,147 4,149 4,156 23.1 23.2 23.2 23.1

Mining and logging................................. 99 98 99 101 13.9 14.2 14.1 14.3

Construction........................................ 821 747 744 744 13.3 13.4 13.3 13.2

Manufacturing....................................... 3,453 3,302 3,306 3,311 28.6 28.5 28.5 28.5

Durable goods................................... 1,850 1,744 1,744 1,746 24.8 24.7 24.6 24.5

Nondurable goods............................... 1,603 1,558 1,562 1,565 34.7 34.6 34.7 34.7

Private service-providing............................. 48,161 47,723 47,768 47,829 53.6 53.4 53.4 53.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities............... 10,326 10,065 10,074 10,063 41.2 40.8 40.8 40.7

Wholesale trade................................. 1,732.0 1,683.4 1,688.8 1,682.4 30.7 30.3 30.3 30.2

Retail trade....................................... 7,417.9 7,254.7 7,255.9 7,253.5 50.8 50.3 50.3 50.2

Transportation and warehousing.............. 1,032.3 989.3 992.9 991.0 24.3 23.9 24.0 24.0

Utilities............................................ 144.0 137.5 136.8 136.3 25.6 24.6 24.5 24.4

Information.......................................... 1,192 1,122 1,118 1,114 42.0 41.0 41.0 40.9

Financial activities.................................. 4,628 4,507 4,491 4,484 59.3 59.1 59.0 58.9

Professional and business services............. 7,516 7,415 7,409 7,431 45.2 44.8 44.7 44.6

Education and health services................... 14,789 14,984 15,027 15,054 77.4 77.2 77.2 77.2

Leisure and hospitality............................. 6,891 6,826 6,845 6,878 52.6 52.4 52.4 52.5

Other services...................................... 2,819 2,804 2,804 2,805 52.5 52.8 52.7 52.6

Government.............................................. 12,987 12,804 12,821 12,839 57.3 57.0 57.0 56.9

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Total private................................................................................ 89,676 88,336 88,516 88,737

Goods-producing........................................................................ 13,710 12,867 12,907 12,950

Mining and logging................................................................... 529 506 516 522

Construction........................................................................... 4,703 4,243 4,262 4,271

Manufacturing......................................................................... 8,478 8,118 8,129 8,157

Durable goods...................................................................... 5,108 4,830 4,847 4,866

Nondurable goods................................................................. 3,370 3,288 3,282 3,291

Private service-providing............................................................... 75,966 75,469 75,609 75,787

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................. 21,270 20,897 20,950 20,967

Wholesale trade.................................................................... 4,556.8 4,478.0 4,484.7 4,491.2

Retail trade......................................................................... 12,542.7 12,384.6 12,421.2 12,447.1

Transportation and warehousing................................................. 3,718.1 3,589.1 3,599.3 3,585.2

Utilities............................................................................... 452.1 445.0 444.5 443.7

Information............................................................................ 2,273 2,192 2,178 2,185

Financial activities.................................................................... 6,029 5,901 5,880 5,878

Professional and business services................................................ 13,574 13,554 13,580 13,655

Education and health services...................................................... 16,750 17,006 17,048 17,079

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 11,577 11,481 11,523 11,565

Other services........................................................................ 4,493 4,438 4,450 4,458

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4

Goods-producing..................................................................... 39.0 39.4 40.1 40.6

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.1 43.6 44.2 44.8

Construction........................................................................ 37.5 37.0 37.8 38.8

Manufacturing...................................................................... 39.6 40.5 41.0 41.2

Durable goods................................................................... 39.6 40.6 41.2 41.4

Nondurable goods............................................................... 39.6 40.2 40.7 40.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 32.8 33.0 33.1 33.3

Wholesale trade................................................................. 37.7 37.7 37.8 37.9

Retail trade....................................................................... 29.8 30.0 30.1 30.2

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 35.9 36.2 36.8 37.1

Utilities............................................................................ 42.3 41.6 41.7 41.9

Information.......................................................................... 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5

Financial activities................................................................. 36.0 36.0 36.1 36.2

Professional and business services............................................. 34.7 34.8 34.9 34.9

Education and health services................................................... 32.3 32.2 32.1 32.2

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 24.8 24.8 25.0 24.8

Other services...................................................................... 30.5 30.6 30.7 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 2.8 3.5 3.7 3.9

Durable goods........................................................................ 2.5 3.4 3.7 3.9

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.9

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Total private................................................. $18.53 $18.92 $18.91 $18.96 $ 613.34 $ 628.14 $ 629.70 $ 633.26

Goods-producing........................................ 19.83 20.14 20.18 20.20 773.37 793.52 809.22 820.12

Mining and logging................................... 23.34 23.71 23.91 23.94 1,005.95 1,033.76 1,056.82 1,072.51

Construction........................................... 22.58 23.13 23.14 23.10 846.75 855.81 874.69 896.28

Manufacturing......................................... 18.15 18.47 18.49 18.51 718.74 748.04 758.09 762.61

Durable goods...................................... 19.24 19.69 19.67 19.68 761.90 799.41 810.40 814.75

Nondurable goods................................. 16.49 16.66 16.72 16.75 653.00 669.73 680.50 685.08

Private service-providing............................... 18.25 18.66 18.64 18.69 584.00 598.99 600.21 601.82

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 16.42 16.78 16.76 16.82 538.58 553.74 554.76 560.11

Wholesale trade.................................... 20.70 21.42 21.38 21.52 780.39 807.53 808.16 815.61

Retail trade.......................................... 12.95 13.20 13.18 13.20 385.91 396.00 396.72 398.64

Transportation and warehousing................. 18.77 19.10 19.13 19.19 673.84 691.42 703.98 711.95

Utilities............................................... 29.31 29.88 29.88 29.93 1,239.81 1,243.01 1,246.00 1,254.07

Information............................................. 25.30 25.63 25.64 25.67 923.45 935.50 935.86 936.96

Financial activities.................................... 20.66 21.27 21.36 21.45 743.76 765.72 771.10 776.49

Professional and business services................ 22.24 22.66 22.65 22.69 771.73 788.57 790.49 791.88

Education and health services...................... 19.39 19.83 19.79 19.85 626.30 638.53 635.26 639.17

Leisure and hospitality............................... 11.01 11.30 11.31 11.31 273.05 280.24 282.75 280.49

Other services......................................... 16.45 16.87 16.80 16.80 501.73 516.22 515.76 517.44

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2010 -

Apr.

2010p

Apr.

2009

Feb.

2010

Mar.

2010p

Apr.

2010p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2010 -

Apr.

2010p

Total private....................................... 99.2 98.0 98.5 99.0 0.5 122.8 123.9 124.4 125.5 0.9

Goods-producing............................... 81.7 77.5 79.1 80.3 1.5 99.2 95.5 97.7 99.4 1.7

Mining and logging.......................... 121.2 117.2 121.2 124.3 2.6 164.5 161.7 168.5 173.0 2.7

Construction.................................. 88.3 78.6 80.7 83.0 2.9 107.7 98.2 100.8 103.5 2.7

Manufacturing................................ 77.1 75.5 76.5 77.1 0.8 91.5 91.1 92.5 93.4 1.0

Durable goods............................ 76.0 73.7 75.0 75.7 0.9 91.3 90.6 92.1 93.0 1.0

Nondurable goods........................ 78.6 77.9 78.7 79.3 0.8 91.6 91.7 93.0 93.9 1.0

Private service-providing...................... 103.9 103.6 104.1 104.3 0.2 130.1 132.5 133.0 133.7 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 97.3 96.1 96.7 97.3 0.6 113.9 115.1 115.6 116.8 1.0

Wholesale trade........................... 101.2 99.4 99.8 100.2 0.4 123.4 125.4 125.7 127.1 1.1

Retail trade................................ 94.6 94.0 94.6 95.2 0.6 105.0 106.4 106.9 107.7 0.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 100.5 97.8 99.7 100.1 0.4 119.6 118.5 121.0 121.9 0.7

Utilities..................................... 97.8 94.7 94.8 95.1 0.3 119.7 118.1 118.2 118.8 0.5

Information................................... 94.7 91.3 90.8 91.0 0.2 118.6 115.9 115.2 115.7 0.4

Financial activities........................... 103.9 101.7 101.6 101.8 0.2 132.7 133.7 134.2 135.0 0.6

Professional and business services....... 105.6 105.7 106.2 106.8 0.6 139.7 142.5 143.2 144.2 0.7

Education and health services............. 116.7 118.1 118.1 118.6 0.4 148.8 154.0 153.6 154.8 0.8

Leisure and hospitality...................... 105.2 104.4 105.6 105.1 -0.5 131.6 133.9 135.6 135.0 -0.4

Other services............................... 96.1 95.3 95.8 96.3 0.5 115.2 117.1 117.3 117.9 0.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary