Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-12-0614 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 6, 2012 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — MARCH 2012 

(NOTE: Data published in this release for women employees in the Government and 

Total nonfarm industries are erroneous. Errors are found in Summary table B and table 

B-5. Additional information is available at www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_usps.htm.)

Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 120,000 in March, and the unemployment rate was little 

changed at 8.2 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment rose in 

manufacturing, food services and drinking places, and health care, but was down in retail trade. 

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

M ar-10 Jun-10 Sep-10 Dec-10 M ar-11 Jun-11 Sep-11 Dec-11 M ar-12

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, March 2010 – March 2012

Percent

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

M ar-10 Jun-10 Sep-10 Dec-10 M ar-11 Jun-11 Sep-11 Dec-11 M ar-12

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

March 2010 – March 2012

Household Survey Data 

The number of unemployed persons (12.7 million) and the unemployment rate (8.2 percent) were 

both little changed in March. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (7.6 percent), adult women 

(7.4 percent), teenagers (25.0 percent), whites (7.3 percent), blacks (14.0 percent), and Hispanics (10.3 

percent) showed little or no change in March. The jobless rate for Asians was 6.2 percent, not seasonally 

adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 
- 2 - 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks and over) was essentially unchanged 

at 5.3 million in March. These individuals accounted for 42.5 percent of the unemployed. Since April 

2010, the number of long-term unemployed has fallen by 1.4 million. (See table A-12.) 

The civilian labor force participation rate (63.8 percent) and the employment-population ratio (58.5 

percent) were little changed in March. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) fell from 8.1 to 7.7 million over the month. These individuals were 

working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time 

job. (See table A-8.) 

In March, 2.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, essentially unchanged 

from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, 

wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They 

were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the 

survey. (See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 865,000 discouraged workers in March, about the same as 

a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently 

looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.5 million persons 

marginally attached to the labor force in March had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the 

survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 120,000 in March. In the prior 3 months, payroll 

employment had risen by an average of 246,000 per month. Private-sector employment grew by 

121,000 in March, including gains in manufacturing, food services and drinking places, and health 

care. Retail trade lost jobs over the month. Government employment was essentially unchanged. (See 

table B-1.) 

Manufacturing employment rose by 37,000 in March, with gains in motor vehicles and parts 

(+12,000), machinery (+7,000), fabricated metals (+5,000), and paper manufacturing (+3,000). Factory 

employment has risen by 470,000 since a recent low point in January 2010. 

Within leisure and hospitality, employment in food services and drinking places rose by 37,000 in 

March and has risen by 563,000 since a recent low point in February 2010. 

In March, health care employment continued to grow (+26,000). Within the industry, offices of 

physicians and hospitals each added 8,000 jobs over the month. 

Employment in financial activities was up by 15,000 in March, with most of the gain occurring in 

credit intermediation (+11,000). 

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in March (+31,000).

Employment in the industry has grown by 1.4 million since a recent low point in September 2009. In 

March, services to buildings and dwellings added 23,000 jobs. Employment in temporary help services 

was about unchanged over the month after increasing by 55,000 in February. 
- 3 - 

Retail trade employment fell by 34,000 in March. A large job loss in general merchandise stores 

(-32,000) and small losses in other retail industries more than offset gains in health and personal care 

stores (+6,000) and in building material and garden supply stores (+5,000). 

Employment in the other major private-sector industries, including mining, construction, wholesale 

trade, transportation and warehousing, and information, changed little in March. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 34.5 

hours in March. The manufacturing workweek fell by 0.3 hour to 40.7 hours, and factory overtime was 

unchanged at 3.4 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In March, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 5 cents, or 

0.2 percent, to $23.39. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 2.1 percent. 

In March, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose 

by 3 cents, or 0.2 percent, to $19.68. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for January was revised from +284,000 to +275,000, 

and the change for February was revised from +227,000 to +240,000. 

The Employment Situation for April is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 4, 2012, at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Change from:

Feb. 2012-

Mar. 2012

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population............................................ 239,000 242,269 242,435 242,604 169

Civilian labor force............................................................ 153,392 154,395 154,871 154,707 -164

Participation rate........................................................... 64.2 63.7 63.9 63.8 -0.1

Employed.................................................................... 139,764 141,637 142,065 142,034 -31

Employment-population ratio........................................... 58.5 58.5 58.6 58.5 -0.1

Unemployed................................................................. 13,628 12,758 12,806 12,673 -133

Unemployment rate..................................................... 8.9 8.3 8.3 8.2 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................. 85,608 87,874 87,564 87,897 333

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over....................................................... 8.9 8.3 8.3 8.2 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over).............................................. 8.7 7.7 7.7 7.6 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over).......................................... 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.4 -0.3

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................. 24.5 23.2 23.8 25.0 1.2

White........................................................................... 7.9 7.4 7.3 7.3 0.0

Black or African American................................................... 15.6 13.6 14.1 14.0 -0.1

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................. 7.1 6.7 6.3 6.2 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................................. 11.3 10.5 10.7 10.3 -0.4

Total, 25 years and over....................................................... 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.8 -0.2

Less than a high school diploma........................................... 13.8 13.1 12.9 12.6 -0.3

High school graduates, no college......................................... 9.5 8.4 8.3 8.0 -0.3

Some college or associate degree......................................... 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.5 0.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................... 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.2 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs................... 8,244 7,321 7,209 7,020 -189

Job leavers....................................................................... 900 939 1,031 1,117 86

Reentrants........................................................................ 3,278 3,325 3,361 3,269 -92

New entrants..................................................................... 1,335 1,253 1,392 1,433 41

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks.............................................................. 2,437 2,486 2,541 2,572 31

5 to 14 weeks.................................................................... 2,927 2,884 2,807 2,754 -53

15 to 26 weeks.................................................................. 1,991 1,980 1,971 1,867 -104

27 weeks and over.............................................................. 6,130 5,518 5,426 5,308 -118

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons............................................... 8,459 8,230 8,119 7,672 -447

Slack work or business conditions.......................................... 5,634 5,372 5,446 5,081 -365

Could only find part-time work.............................................. 2,355 2,551 2,404 2,341 -63

Part time for noneconomic reasons........................................... 18,425 18,636 18,827 18,523 -304

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force........................................ 2,434 2,809 2,608 2,352 –

Discouraged workers......................................................... 921 1,059 1,006 865 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 275 240 120

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 277 233 121

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 78 29 31

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8 4 1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 18 -6 -7

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 52 31 37

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 40 28 26

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 8.6 5.2 11.6

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 12 3 11

Private service-providing1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 199 204 90

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 14.6 6.9 4.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 24.9 -28.6 -33.8

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 17.1 14.4 2.8

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 -17 13 -9

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1 9 15

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 79 86 31

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 36.4 54.9 -7.5

Education and health services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 31 66 37

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.4 30.8 52.8 26.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 39 45 39

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5 8 -8 3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -15 -2 7 -1

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 49.3 49.3 49.3

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.0 47.8 47.8 47.8

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.6 82.6 82.6

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 34.5 34.6 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 22.92 $ 23.28 $ 23.34 $ 23.39

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $786.16 $803.16 $807.56 $806.96

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.5 95.5 96.0 95.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.2 0.5 -0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.1 106.0 106.8 106.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.1

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 33.8 33.8 33.8

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 19.34 $ 19.61 $ 19.65 $ 19.68

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $649.82 $662.82 $664.17 $665.18

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.6 103.0 103.3 103.4

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.0 135.0 135.7 136.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.2

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (266 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 70.3 60.7 59.6

Manufacturing (81 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 77.8 59.9 67.9

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing

industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance

between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data published in this release for women employees in the Government and Total nonfarm industies are erroneous. Additional information is available at 

www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_usps.htm. 
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment 

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller 

margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of 

its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically 

significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the 

household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than 

the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural 

workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household 

survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. 

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it 

is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not 

collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify 

the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. 

Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. 

The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information 

on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm. 

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with 

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the 

total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled 

to achieve that goal. 

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment 

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that 

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the 

net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The 
 

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not 

immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth 

of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new 

businesses to the survey twice a year. 

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance 

benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who 

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People 

on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or 

question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including 

those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In 

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and 

other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment 

Situation news release. 

How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. 

Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for 

holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but 

not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off 

work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as 

those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have to 

be off work without pay for the entire pay period. About half of all employees in the payroll survey have 

a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay 

period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the 

effect of extreme weather on estimates of employment from the establishment survey. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the 

month. Persons who miss the entire week’s work for weather-related events are counted as employed 

whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of 

persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours, or had a job but were not at work the entire 

week, due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey’s most 

requested statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey 

(CES; establishment survey). The household survey 

provides information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 

60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census 

Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the CES program 

surveys about 141,000 businesses and government 

agencies, representing approximately 486,000 individual 

worksites, in order to provide detailed industry data on 

employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm 

payrolls. The active sample includes approximately onethird of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that 

contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment 

survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 

12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 

calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or 

unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment 

rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor 

force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force 

as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. 

Additional information about the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are 

counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are 

produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and 

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and 

logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2012 

version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between 

the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from 

the surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, the self-employed, unpaid family 

workers, and private household workers among the 

employed. These groups are excluded from the 

establishment survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 

years of age and older. The establishment survey is 

not limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 

 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, 

and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large 

number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely 

to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative 

to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of 

economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the 

establishment survey, payroll employment in education 

declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term 

and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the 

underlying employment trends in the industry. Because 

seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of 

the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be 

adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more 

discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more 

useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-tomonth economic activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, 

such as total payroll employment, employment in most 

major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted 

component series. For example, total unemployment is 

derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment 

estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the 

total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more 

detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 

error. When a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the "true" population values they represent. The 

exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the 

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured 

by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard 

errors from the "true" population value because of sampling 

error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the 

establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 

100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment 

increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-

percent confidence interval on the monthly change would 

range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000). 

These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by 

these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent 

chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within 

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than 

zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, 

the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then 

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval 

would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least 

a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, 

risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 

percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly 

change in unemployment as measured by the household 

survey is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in 

the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.19 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, 

such as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely 

basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in 

the collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates 

for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete 

returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled 

preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive 

revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample 

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered 

final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 
employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment 

gains from business births. This is incorporated into the 

sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting 

sample units going out of business, but imputing to them 

the same employment trend as the other firms in the 

sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net 

birth/death employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series 

model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death 

employment not accounted for by the imputation. The 

historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual 

residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough 

proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also 

incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over 

the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total 

nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a 

range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Mar.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Nov.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239,000 242,435 242,604 239,000 240,441 240,584 242,269 242,435 242,604

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,022 154,114 154,316 153,392 153,937 153,887 154,395 154,871 154,707

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.0 63.6 63.6 64.2 64.0 64.0 63.7 63.9 63.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,962 140,684 141,412 139,764 140,614 140,790 141,637 142,065 142,034

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 58.0 58.3 58.5 58.5 58.5 58.5 58.6 58.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,060 13,430 12,904 13,628 13,323 13,097 12,758 12,806 12,673

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 8.7 8.4 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.3 8.3 8.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,977 88,322 88,288 85,608 86,503 86,697 87,874 87,564 87,897

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,250 6,376 6,041 6,500 6,595 6,385 6,319 6,378 6,299

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,988 116,896 116,986 115,988 116,755 116,832 116,808 116,896 116,986

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,491 81,609 81,830 81,701 82,341 82,373 82,070 82,165 82,179

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.3 69.8 69.9 70.4 70.5 70.5 70.3 70.3 70.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,187 74,035 74,507 74,051 74,975 75,235 75,288 75,318 75,369

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 63.3 63.7 63.8 64.2 64.4 64.5 64.4 64.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,304 7,573 7,323 7,651 7,366 7,138 6,781 6,846 6,810

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 9.3 8.9 9.4 8.9 8.7 8.3 8.3 8.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,497 35,288 35,156 34,286 34,414 34,459 34,739 34,732 34,807

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,381 108,188 108,289 107,381 108,203 108,290 108,087 108,188 108,289

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,788 78,986 79,175 78,805 79,440 79,436 79,234 79,317 79,337

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.4 73.0 73.1 73.4 73.4 73.4 73.3 73.3 73.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,207 72,152 72,567 71,918 72,846 73,080 73,170 73,240 73,286

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 66.7 67.0 67.0 67.3 67.5 67.7 67.7 67.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,581 6,834 6,608 6,887 6,594 6,356 6,064 6,077 6,051

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 8.7 8.3 8.7 8.3 8.0 7.7 7.7 7.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,593 29,201 29,114 28,576 28,763 28,854 28,853 28,870 28,952

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,012 125,539 125,619 123,012 123,686 123,753 125,461 125,539 125,619

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,532 72,505 72,486 71,691 71,596 71,514 72,326 72,706 72,529

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 57.8 57.7 58.3 57.9 57.8 57.6 57.9 57.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,775 66,648 66,906 65,714 65,639 65,555 66,349 66,747 66,665

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.5 53.1 53.3 53.4 53.1 53.0 52.9 53.2 53.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,756 5,857 5,580 5,977 5,957 5,959 5,977 5,960 5,863

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 8.1 7.7 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,481 53,034 53,133 51,321 52,090 52,238 53,135 52,833 53,090

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,792 117,170 117,260 114,792 115,526 115,602 117,082 117,170 117,260

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,903 69,823 69,755 68,852 68,711 68,748 69,449 69,815 69,589

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 59.6 59.5 60.0 59.5 59.5 59.3 59.6 59.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,681 64,486 64,756 63,515 63,352 63,323 64,078 64,454 64,413

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 55.0 55.2 55.3 54.8 54.8 54.7 55.0 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,223 5,337 4,998 5,336 5,359 5,425 5,370 5,361 5,176

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 7.6 7.2 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,888 47,348 47,505 45,940 46,815 46,854 47,634 47,355 47,671

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,827 17,078 17,056 16,827 16,711 16,693 17,100 17,078 17,056

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,331 5,305 5,386 5,735 5,786 5,704 5,713 5,739 5,781

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.7 31.1 31.6 34.1 34.6 34.2 33.4 33.6 33.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,075 4,046 4,089 4,332 4,416 4,387 4,389 4,371 4,335

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 23.7 24.0 25.7 26.4 26.3 25.7 25.6 25.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,257 1,259 1,297 1,404 1,370 1,316 1,324 1,367 1,447

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.6 23.7 24.1 24.5 23.7 23.1 23.2 23.8 25.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,496 11,773 11,669 11,092 10,925 10,989 11,387 11,339 11,274

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Mar.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Nov.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192,688 192,691 192,788 192,688 193,598 193,682 192,600 192,691 192,788

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,156 123,223 123,209 124,489 124,652 124,543 123,579 123,848 123,713

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 63.9 63.9 64.6 64.4 64.3 64.2 64.3 64.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,877 113,467 113,909 114,652 115,130 115,254 114,458 114,754 114,697

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.1 58.9 59.1 59.5 59.5 59.5 59.4 59.6 59.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,279 9,755 9,301 9,837 9,522 9,288 9,121 9,094 9,016

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 7.9 7.5 7.9 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,532 69,469 69,579 68,199 68,945 69,139 69,021 68,843 69,076

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,890 64,327 64,340 64,902 65,366 65,373 64,495 64,642 64,552

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.8 73.5 73.5 73.8 73.9 73.8 73.8 73.9 73.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,254 59,266 59,532 59,846 60,605 60,751 60,059 60,245 60,192

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4 67.8 68.0 68.0 68.5 68.6 68.7 68.9 68.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,635 5,061 4,808 5,057 4,761 4,623 4,436 4,397 4,360

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 7.9 7.5 7.8 7.3 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,900 54,660 54,476 54,905 54,520 54,481 54,434 54,609 54,473

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 59.1 58.9 59.8 59.1 59.0 58.9 59.0 58.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,169 50,889 50,959 51,132 50,774 50,768 50,729 50,890 50,873

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 55.0 55.1 55.7 55.0 55.0 54.9 55.0 55.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,730 3,772 3,517 3,773 3,746 3,713 3,705 3,719 3,600

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 6.9 6.5 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,367 4,235 4,393 4,682 4,766 4,688 4,650 4,596 4,688

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 33.3 34.6 36.4 37.3 36.8 36.5 36.1 36.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,454 3,312 3,418 3,675 3,751 3,736 3,670 3,619 3,632

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 26.0 26.9 28.6 29.4 29.3 28.8 28.4 28.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913 923 976 1,007 1,015 952 980 977 1,056

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.9 21.8 22.2 21.5 21.3 20.3 21.1 21.3 22.5

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,005 29,760 29,792 29,005 29,259 29,286 29,727 29,760 29,792

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,705 18,219 18,339 17,829 17,934 18,110 18,206 18,363 18,427

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.0 61.2 61.6 61.5 61.3 61.8 61.2 61.7 61.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,965 15,651 15,829 15,047 15,151 15,248 15,725 15,769 15,843

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.6 52.6 53.1 51.9 51.8 52.1 52.9 53.0 53.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,740 2,568 2,510 2,782 2,783 2,862 2,482 2,593 2,584

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.5 14.1 13.7 15.6 15.5 15.8 13.6 14.1 14.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,300 11,541 11,453 11,176 11,325 11,176 11,521 11,398 11,365

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,093 8,187 8,262 8,113 8,195 8,272 8,256 8,239 8,283

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 67.7 68.2 68.6 68.5 69.0 68.4 68.1 68.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,635 6,942 7,044 6,746 6,851 6,969 7,205 7,064 7,137

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.1 57.4 58.1 57.1 57.3 58.2 59.7 58.4 58.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,458 1,245 1,218 1,367 1,344 1,302 1,052 1,175 1,147

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.0 15.2 14.7 16.8 16.4 15.7 12.7 14.3 13.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,990 9,380 9,445 9,048 9,095 9,160 9,287 9,410 9,473

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 62.6 62.9 62.1 61.8 62.2 62.0 62.8 63.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,953 8,272 8,393 7,913 7,911 7,885 8,113 8,240 8,307

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.6 55.2 55.9 54.3 53.7 53.5 54.2 55.0 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,037 1,108 1,052 1,135 1,184 1,275 1,174 1,171 1,166

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 11.8 11.1 12.5 13.0 13.9 12.6 12.4 12.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 651 632 668 643 679 663 713 671

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.8 24.3 23.7 25.6 25.0 26.5 24.7 26.6 25.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 436 392 388 388 393 407 466 399

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 16.3 14.7 14.9 15.1 15.3 15.2 17.4 14.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 215 239 280 255 286 255 247 272

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.3 33.1 37.9 41.9 39.6 42.1 38.5 34.7 40.5

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,301 12,713 12,766 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Mar.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Nov.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,410 8,016 8,113 – – – – – –

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 63.1 63.6 – – – – – –

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,881 7,508 7,607 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 59.1 59.6 – – – – – –

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 508 506 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 6.3 6.2 – – – – – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,892 4,696 4,652 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Mar.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Nov.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population.................. 34,155 36,384 36,463 34,155 34,808 34,885 36,301 36,384 36,463

Civilian labor force................................. 22,585 24,167 24,109 22,643 23,222 23,270 24,045 24,206 24,128

Participation rate................................. 66.1 66.4 66.1 66.3 66.7 66.7 66.2 66.5 66.2

Employed......................................... 19,896 21,407 21,510 20,083 20,574 20,699 21,513 21,628 21,638

Employment-population ratio................ 58.3 58.8 59.0 58.8 59.1 59.3 59.3 59.4 59.3

Unemployed...................................... 2,690 2,760 2,598 2,560 2,648 2,571 2,532 2,579 2,491

Unemployment rate........................... 11.9 11.4 10.8 11.3 11.4 11.0 10.5 10.7 10.3

Not in labor force................................... 11,570 12,218 12,354 11,512 11,586 11,615 12,256 12,178 12,335

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 12,889 13,262 13,246 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 81.6 81.1 80.8 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 11,452 11,881 11,952 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 72.5 72.6 72.9 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 1,437 1,381 1,294 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 11.1 10.4 9.8 – – – – – –

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 8,788 9,836 9,813 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 58.7 60.1 59.8 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 7,825 8,752 8,829 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 52.3 53.4 53.8 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 963 1,085 984 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 11.0 11.0 10.0 – – – – – –

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................. 909 1,068 1,050 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 26.8 29.2 28.8 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 619 774 730 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 18.3 21.2 20.0 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 290 294 320 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 31.9 27.5 30.5 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Nov.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................... 11,565 11,119 11,349 11,676 11,713 11,688 11,469 11,488 11,493

Participation rate.................................... 45.7 45.1 45.7 46.2 47.0 46.7 45.6 46.6 46.3

Employed............................................ 9,809 9,469 9,788 10,069 10,161 10,080 9,968 10,006 10,044

Employment-population ratio................... 38.8 38.4 39.4 39.8 40.8 40.3 39.7 40.6 40.4

Unemployed......................................... 1,756 1,650 1,561 1,608 1,552 1,608 1,501 1,483 1,449

Unemployment rate.............................. 15.2 14.8 13.8 13.8 13.3 13.8 13.1 12.9 12.6

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................... 37,541 37,011 36,614 37,294 37,089 36,902 36,850 36,799 36,475

Participation rate.................................... 60.6 59.3 59.2 60.2 60.3 59.8 59.6 59.0 59.0

Employed............................................ 33,604 33,589 33,402 33,761 33,807 33,684 33,737 33,761 33,573

Employment-population ratio................... 54.3 53.9 54.0 54.5 54.9 54.5 54.6 54.1 54.3

Unemployed......................................... 3,937 3,422 3,212 3,533 3,282 3,218 3,113 3,039 2,902

Unemployment rate.............................. 10.5 9.2 8.8 9.5 8.8 8.7 8.4 8.3 8.0

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................... 36,519 37,485 37,369 36,584 36,816 37,024 37,214 37,282 37,405

Participation rate.................................... 69.5 69.5 69.3 69.6 68.5 69.1 69.2 69.1 69.3

Employed............................................ 33,708 34,669 34,507 33,866 34,009 34,167 34,525 34,571 34,613

Employment-population ratio................... 64.1 64.3 64.0 64.4 63.3 63.7 64.2 64.1 64.2

Unemployed......................................... 2,811 2,817 2,863 2,718 2,807 2,857 2,689 2,711 2,793

Unemployment rate.............................. 7.7 7.5 7.7 7.4 7.6 7.7 7.2 7.3 7.5

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................... 46,979 47,841 48,389 46,897 47,117 47,131 47,481 47,890 48,191

Participation rate.................................... 77.0 76.3 76.6 76.8 75.9 76.0 75.6 76.4 76.2

Employed............................................ 44,943 45,808 46,415 44,831 45,058 45,201 45,492 45,875 46,189

Employment-population ratio................... 73.6 73.0 73.4 73.4 72.6 72.9 72.4 73.1 73.1

Unemployed......................................... 2,036 2,034 1,974 2,065 2,059 1,930 1,989 2,015 2,002

Unemployment rate.............................. 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Mar.

2011

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Mar.

2012

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,729 21,286 19,932 19,475 1,797 1,811

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,273 11,161 10,136 10,004 1,137 1,158

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.9 52.4 50.9 51.4 63.3 63.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,259 10,328 9,234 9,256 1,025 1,072

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.2 48.5 46.3 47.5 57.0 59.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,014 834 902 748 112 86

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 7.5 8.9 7.5 9.9 7.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,456 10,125 9,796 9,471 660 653

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,449 2,713 1,980 2,219 469 495

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,948 2,184 1,632 1,841 316 343

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.6 80.5 82.4 83.0 67.5 69.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,736 1,960 1,443 1,654 293 306

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.9 72.2 72.9 74.5 62.4 61.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 224 189 187 24 37

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 10.3 11.6 10.2 7.5 10.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 530 348 378 152 152

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,953 3,020 2,521 2,550 432 471

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,480 2,557 2,154 2,190 326 367

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.0 84.7 85.4 85.9 75.6 78.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,274 2,413 1,973 2,071 301 342

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.0 79.9 78.3 81.2 69.6 72.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 144 181 119 26 25

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 5.6 8.4 5.4 7.9 6.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 463 367 360 105 104

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,558 9,974 10,236 9,649 322 325

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,602 3,281 3,473 3,159 129 122

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 32.9 33.9 32.7 40.0 37.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,292 3,039 3,177 2,921 115 119

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2 30.5 31.0 30.3 35.8 36.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 241 296 238 14 3

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 7.3 8.5 7.5 10.6 2.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,956 6,693 6,763 6,490 193 203

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,770 5,579 5,196 5,057 574 521

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,243 3,140 2,877 2,814 365 326

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 56.3 55.4 55.6 63.6 62.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,958 2,916 2,641 2,611 316 305

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.3 52.3 50.8 51.6 55.1 58.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 224 236 203 49 21

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 7.1 8.2 7.2 13.4 6.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,527 2,439 2,318 2,243 209 195

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208,483 212,427 91,497 92,943 116,986 119,484

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,108 141,430 70,506 70,984 69,602 70,446

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 66.6 77.1 76.4 59.5 59.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,531 129,852 63,349 64,661 64,182 65,190

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 61.1 69.2 69.6 54.9 54.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,577 11,578 7,157 6,322 5,420 5,256

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 8.2 10.2 8.9 7.8 7.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,375 70,998 20,990 21,959 47,384 49,039

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time

periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and

another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Mar.

2011

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Mar.

2012

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population....................................................... 27,631 28,158 211,369 214,446

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 5,794 5,671 147,228 148,645

Participation rate...................................................................... 21.0 20.1 69.7 69.3

Employed.............................................................................. 4,891 4,810 134,071 136,603

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 17.7 17.1 63.4 63.7

Unemployed........................................................................... 903 861 13,157 12,042

Unemployment rate................................................................ 15.6 15.2 8.9 8.1

Not in labor force........................................................................ 21,836 22,487 64,141 65,801

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,671 2,513 74,933 74,997

Participation rate...................................................................... 35.2 33.8 82.3 82.1

Employed.............................................................................. 2,196 2,073 67,376 68,374

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 29.0 27.9 74.0 74.8

Unemployed........................................................................... 474 440 7,557 6,622

Unemployment rate................................................................ 17.8 17.5 10.1 8.8

Not in labor force........................................................................ 4,907 4,922 16,158 16,362

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,238 2,281 66,171 66,850

Participation rate...................................................................... 29.3 28.6 71.0 70.8

Employed.............................................................................. 1,876 1,913 60,952 61,828

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 24.5 24.0 65.4 65.5

Unemployed........................................................................... 362 368 5,219 5,021

Unemployment rate................................................................ 16.2 16.1 7.9 7.5

Not in labor force........................................................................ 5,406 5,686 27,065 27,615

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 886 877 6,124 6,799

Participation rate...................................................................... 7.1 6.9 22.6 23.8

Employed.............................................................................. 819 824 5,743 6,400

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 6.6 6.5 21.2 22.4

Unemployed........................................................................... 67 54 380 399

Unemployment rate................................................................ 7.6 6.1 6.2 5.9

Not in labor force........................................................................ 11,524 11,879 20,917 21,824

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing

even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;

has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or

shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Mar.

2011

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Mar.

2012

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 35,996 37,664 17,886 18,449 18,110 19,215

Civilian labor force................................................... 24,034 24,958 14,259 14,486 9,775 10,471

Participation rate................................................... 66.8 66.3 79.7 78.5 54.0 54.5

Employed........................................................... 21,728 22,785 12,886 13,248 8,842 9,537

Employment-population ratio.................................. 60.4 60.5 72.0 71.8 48.8 49.6

Unemployed........................................................ 2,306 2,173 1,373 1,239 933 934

Unemployment rate............................................. 9.6 8.7 9.6 8.6 9.5 8.9

Not in labor force..................................................... 11,961 12,706 3,626 3,963 8,335 8,744

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 203,004 204,941 98,102 98,537 104,902 106,404

Civilian labor force................................................... 128,988 129,358 67,231 67,344 61,756 62,015

Participation rate................................................... 63.5 63.1 68.5 68.3 58.9 58.3

Employed........................................................... 117,234 118,628 60,301 61,259 56,933 57,369

Employment-population ratio.................................. 57.7 57.9 61.5 62.2 54.3 53.9

Unemployed........................................................ 11,754 10,731 6,931 6,084 4,823 4,646

Unemployment rate............................................. 9.1 8.3 10.3 9.0 7.8 7.5

Not in labor force..................................................... 74,016 75,582 30,870 31,193 43,146 44,389

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or

one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the

United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Nov.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................... 2,145 2,030 2,123 2,244 2,262 2,349 2,208 2,185 2,218

Wage and salary workers1....................... 1,303 1,238 1,296 1,431 1,359 1,429 1,376 1,353 1,394

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 824 767 799 838 849 874 800 814 811

Unpaid family workers............................. 17 26 28 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries............................ 136,818 138,654 139,290 137,619 138,304 138,411 139,491 139,945 139,984

Wage and salary workers1

....................... 128,060 130,204 130,778 128,706 129,604 129,662 130,569 131,365 131,370

Government...................................... 21,082 20,772 20,536 20,791 20,434 20,616 20,583 20,617 20,338

Private industries................................ 106,978 109,432 110,241 107,963 109,159 109,064 109,966 110,778 111,114

Private households............................ 695 621 656 – – – – – –

Other industries............................... 106,283 108,811 109,585 107,252 108,485 108,407 109,353 110,138 110,469

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 8,652 8,343 8,433 8,754 8,628 8,587 8,769 8,477 8,514

Unpaid family workers............................. 105 106 79 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3................... 8,737 8,455 7,867 8,459 8,469 8,098 8,230 8,119 7,672

Slack work or business conditions............... 5,812 5,790 5,146 5,634 5,578 5,305 5,372 5,446 5,081

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,529 2,338 2,427 2,355 2,496 2,419 2,551 2,404 2,341

Part time for noneconomic reasons4.............. 18,912 19,358 19,022 18,425 18,363 18,372 18,636 18,827 18,523

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

................... 8,537 8,302 7,753 8,297 8,358 7,952 8,083 7,988 7,584

Slack work or business conditions............... 5,708 5,694 5,062 5,542 5,502 5,199 5,278 5,356 5,000

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,503 2,313 2,418 2,326 2,518 2,423 2,563 2,365 2,295

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,565 18,980 18,615 18,035 17,941 17,969 18,298 18,399 18,100

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the

entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,

inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,

retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during

the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Nov.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,962 140,684 141,412 139,764 140,614 140,790 141,637 142,065 142,034

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,075 4,046 4,089 4,332 4,416 4,387 4,389 4,371 4,335

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,172 1,171 1,233 1,340 1,413 1,304 1,333 1,337 1,395

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,903 2,875 2,856 2,997 2,995 3,060 3,064 3,050 2,955

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,887 136,638 137,324 135,433 136,198 136,403 137,248 137,694 137,699

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,823 13,104 13,212 13,005 13,200 13,195 13,335 13,395 13,371

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,064 123,534 124,112 122,476 122,973 123,234 123,901 124,243 124,407

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,442 93,346 93,816 93,935 93,708 93,882 93,991 94,056 94,267

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,303 30,190 30,359 30,523 30,743 30,771 30,367 30,483 30,568

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,453 30,421 30,574 30,579 30,222 30,271 30,614 30,638 30,672

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,686 32,734 32,884 32,833 32,743 32,841 33,009 32,935 33,027

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,622 30,188 30,295 28,541 29,264 29,352 29,910 30,187 30,140

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,187 74,035 74,507 74,051 74,975 75,235 75,288 75,318 75,369

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,980 1,883 1,940 2,133 2,129 2,155 2,118 2,079 2,083

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604 554 590 684 654 635 620 650 656

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,376 1,329 1,350 1,451 1,465 1,501 1,487 1,424 1,424

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,207 72,152 72,567 71,918 72,846 73,080 73,170 73,240 73,286

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,579 6,622 6,776 6,730 6,980 6,998 7,003 6,851 6,927

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,628 65,530 65,791 65,184 65,853 66,084 66,169 66,376 66,327

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,659 49,622 49,836 50,202 50,368 50,528 50,358 50,382 50,393

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,401 16,195 16,265 16,662 16,895 16,885 16,440 16,498 16,538

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,319 16,342 16,326 16,459 16,370 16,422 16,573 16,564 16,470

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,939 17,084 17,246 17,082 17,102 17,221 17,346 17,319 17,385

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,969 15,909 15,954 14,981 15,485 15,556 15,811 15,994 15,934

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,775 66,648 66,906 65,714 65,639 65,555 66,349 66,747 66,665

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,095 2,163 2,149 2,199 2,287 2,232 2,270 2,293 2,252

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 616 644 655 759 669 713 687 739

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,527 1,546 1,506 1,546 1,530 1,559 1,577 1,625 1,531

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,681 64,486 64,756 63,515 63,352 63,323 64,078 64,454 64,413

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,244 6,482 6,436 6,275 6,220 6,198 6,332 6,544 6,444

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,436 58,003 58,321 57,292 57,119 57,150 57,732 57,867 58,079

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,783 43,724 43,980 43,733 43,340 43,354 43,633 43,674 43,873

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,902 13,995 14,093 13,861 13,848 13,886 13,928 13,985 14,030

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,135 14,079 14,248 14,120 13,852 13,849 14,041 14,074 14,202

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,746 15,650 15,638 15,751 15,641 15,620 15,664 15,615 15,642

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,653 14,279 14,341 13,559 13,779 13,796 14,099 14,193 14,206

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,636 43,201 43,320 42,914 43,933 43,709 43,658 43,556 43,635

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,292 34,603 34,477 34,173 34,442 34,177 34,445 34,341 34,325

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,744 9,181 9,429 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,186 112,587 113,916 112,604 113,212 113,765 113,845 114,408 115,290

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,776 28,096 27,497 27,145 27,378 27,040 27,739 27,576 26,912

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,809 7,116 7,052 6,752 7,004 7,013 7,038 6,999 6,985

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.1 5.0 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,169 5,226 5,130 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,476 9,110 9,232 9,592 9,478 9,461 9,569 9,291 9,325

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Mar.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Nov.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over............................. 13,628 12,806 12,673 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.3 8.3 8.2

16 to 19 years...................................... 1,404 1,367 1,447 24.5 23.7 23.1 23.2 23.8 25.0

16 to 17 years.................................... 540 570 564 28.7 23.3 27.8 28.8 29.9 28.8

18 to 19 years.................................... 869 800 877 22.5 23.4 21.3 20.5 20.8 22.9

20 years and over.................................. 12,224 11,439 11,226 8.3 8.1 8.0 7.7 7.7 7.5

20 to 24 years.................................... 2,279 2,140 2,028 14.9 14.2 14.4 13.3 13.8 13.2

25 years and over............................... 9,910 9,293 9,140 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.0 7.0 6.8

25 to 54 years................................. 7,967 7,391 7,191 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.1

25 to 34 years.............................. 3,084 2,899 2,878 9.2 9.2 9.4 9.0 8.7 8.6

35 to 44 years.............................. 2,369 2,236 2,112 7.2 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.4

45 to 54 years.............................. 2,514 2,256 2,202 7.1 6.7 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.2

55 years and over............................. 1,977 1,888 1,988 6.5 6.4 6.2 5.9 5.9 6.2

Men, 16 years and over.............................. 7,651 6,846 6,810 9.4 8.9 8.7 8.3 8.3 8.3

16 to 19 years...................................... 763 769 759 26.4 26.6 26.6 25.3 27.0 26.7

16 to 17 years.................................... 272 327 283 28.4 26.7 30.5 32.0 33.5 30.1

18 to 19 years.................................... 493 448 476 25.4 26.7 25.1 22.3 23.9 25.1

20 years and over.................................. 6,887 6,077 6,051 8.7 8.3 8.0 7.7 7.7 7.6

20 to 24 years.................................... 1,308 1,270 1,135 16.3 15.6 15.3 14.2 15.6 14.1

25 years and over............................... 5,527 4,796 4,875 7.8 7.4 7.2 6.9 6.7 6.8

25 to 54 years................................. 4,430 3,822 3,812 8.1 7.7 7.5 7.2 7.1 7.0

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,720 1,546 1,554 9.4 9.2 9.5 9.0 8.6 8.6

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,292 1,125 1,147 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.4 6.4 6.5

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,418 1,151 1,111 7.7 6.8 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.0

55 years and over............................. 1,097 974 1,063 6.8 6.7 6.1 5.9 5.7 6.3

Women, 16 years and over.......................... 5,977 5,960 5,863 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.1

16 to 19 years...................................... 641 598 687 22.6 20.7 19.3 21.1 20.7 23.4

16 to 17 years.................................... 268 243 281 29.0 20.0 25.0 25.8 26.1 27.6

18 to 19 years.................................... 376 352 401 19.6 20.1 17.1 18.6 17.8 20.7

20 years and over.................................. 5,336 5,361 5,176 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.4

20 to 24 years.................................... 971 870 893 13.4 12.6 13.4 12.3 11.7 12.2

25 years and over............................... 4,383 4,497 4,265 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.2 7.2 6.8

25 to 54 years................................. 3,537 3,569 3,380 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.2

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,364 1,354 1,324 9.0 9.2 9.3 9.0 8.8 8.6

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,077 1,110 965 7.1 6.9 7.0 7.4 7.3 6.4

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,096 1,105 1,091 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.5

55 years and over1

........................... 846 920 895 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.9 6.1 5.9

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present....................... 2,736 2,292 2,360 6.0 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1

Married women, spouse present.................... 2,078 2,012 1,912 5.7 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.3

Women who maintain families1

.................... 1,224 1,222 1,139 12.3 12.4 12.9 12.0 11.7 10.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2.................................... 11,817 10,992 10,863 9.5 9.2 9.0 8.8 8.8 8.6

Part-time workers3................................... 1,832 1,768 1,765 6.3 6.0 6.3 5.9 6.0 6.2

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time

jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Nov.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 8,841 7,866 7,415 8,244 7,599 7,602 7,321 7,209 7,020

On temporary layoff................................ 1,489 1,526 1,354 1,209 1,181 1,216 1,284 1,135 1,120

Not on temporary layoff............................ 7,352 6,340 6,060 7,035 6,418 6,386 6,037 6,075 5,900

Permanent job losers............................ 5,877 4,923 4,742 5,642 5,033 5,089 4,807 4,755 4,632

Persons who completed temporary jobs...... 1,475 1,416 1,318 1,393 1,385 1,296 1,230 1,320 1,268

Job leavers............................................. 857 1,032 1,064 900 1,005 953 939 1,031 1,117

Reentrants............................................. 3,233 3,337 3,189 3,278 3,355 3,399 3,325 3,361 3,269

New entrants.......................................... 1,129 1,196 1,236 1,335 1,276 1,280 1,253 1,392 1,433

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 62.9 58.6 57.5 59.9 57.4 57.4 57.0 55.5 54.7

On temporary layoff................................ 10.6 11.4 10.5 8.8 8.9 9.2 10.0 8.7 8.7

Not on temporary layoff............................ 52.3 47.2 47.0 51.1 48.5 48.3 47.0 46.7 46.0

Job leavers............................................. 6.1 7.7 8.2 6.5 7.6 7.2 7.3 7.9 8.7

Reentrants............................................. 23.0 24.8 24.7 23.8 25.3 25.7 25.9 25.9 25.5

New entrants.......................................... 8.0 8.9 9.6 9.7 9.6 9.7 9.8 10.7 11.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 5.8 5.1 4.8 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.5

Job leavers............................................. 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Reentrants............................................. 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1

New entrants.......................................... 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Nov.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 2,161 2,366 2,270 2,437 2,510 2,669 2,486 2,541 2,572

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 3,230 3,454 3,005 2,927 2,896 2,858 2,884 2,807 2,754

15 weeks and over.................................... 8,669 7,609 7,629 8,122 7,766 7,628 7,498 7,397 7,175

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 2,407 2,199 2,244 1,991 2,087 2,039 1,980 1,971 1,867

27 weeks and over................................. 6,263 5,411 5,385 6,130 5,680 5,588 5,518 5,426 5,308

Average (mean) duration, in weeks1

.............. 39.8 39.1 40.2 38.9 40.9 40.8 40.1 40.0 39.4

Median duration, in weeks........................... 22.7 19.3 20.5 21.6 21.5 21.0 21.1 20.3 19.9

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 15.4 17.6 17.6 18.1 19.1 20.3 19.3 19.9 20.6

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 23.0 25.7 23.3 21.7 22.0 21.7 22.4 22.0 22.0

15 weeks and over.................................... 61.7 56.7 59.1 60.2 59.0 58.0 58.3 58.0 57.4

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 17.1 16.4 17.4 14.8 15.8 15.5 15.4 15.5 14.9

27 weeks and over................................. 44.5 40.3 41.7 45.5 43.1 42.5 42.9 42.6 42.5

1 Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Mar.

2011

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Mar.

2012

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 138,962 141,412 14,060 12,904 9.2 8.4

Management, professional, and related occupations............ 53,243 53,771 2,381 2,330 4.3 4.2

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations...................................................... 21,598 22,267 1,082 1,019 4.8 4.4

Professional and related occupations........................... 31,646 31,503 1,299 1,311 3.9 4.0

Service occupations.................................................. 24,223 25,229 2,744 2,468 10.2 8.9

Sales and office occupations....................................... 33,000 33,250 3,082 2,908 8.5 8.0

Sales and related occupations................................... 14,983 15,241 1,441 1,341 8.8 8.1

Office and administrative support occupations................. 18,018 18,009 1,642 1,567 8.4 8.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations......................................................... 12,575 12,323 2,464 1,942 16.4 13.6

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 876 880 225 217 20.4 19.8

Construction and extraction occupations....................... 6,898 6,784 1,754 1,393 20.3 17.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............. 4,801 4,659 486 332 9.2 6.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations......................................................... 15,921 16,840 2,218 1,960 12.2 10.4

Production occupations........................................... 7,997 8,427 1,059 902 11.7 9.7

Transportation and material moving occupations.............. 7,924 8,414 1,159 1,058 12.8 11.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Mar.

2011

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Mar.

2012

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 14,060 12,904 9.2 8.4

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers................................... 11,288 10,106 9.5 8.4

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..................................... 46 62 5.9 6.3

Construction........................................................................... 1,695 1,431 20.0 17.2

Manufacturing......................................................................... 1,475 1,164 9.7 7.6

Durable goods...................................................................... 957 684 10.0 7.2

Nondurable goods................................................................. 518 480 9.3 8.2

Wholesale and retail trade.......................................................... 1,796 1,763 8.8 8.6

Transportation and utilities.......................................................... 562 383 9.6 6.7

Information............................................................................ 236 232 7.6 8.0

Financial activities.................................................................... 649 536 7.1 5.7

Professional and business services................................................ 1,488 1,521 10.0 9.7

Education and health services...................................................... 1,152 1,172 5.3 5.3

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 1,695 1,395 13.2 10.9

Other services........................................................................ 495 447 8.1 6.9

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers.......................... 216 232 14.5 15.7

Government workers.................................................................... 888 787 4.0 3.7

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............. 540 543 5.3 5.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2011

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Nov.

2011

Dec.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012

Mar.

2012

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force.............. 5.7 4.9 4.9 5.3 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.6

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force........................................... 5.8 5.1 4.8 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.5

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate).................................................. 9.2 8.7 8.4 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.3 8.3 8.2

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

discouraged workers............................... 9.7 9.3 8.9 9.4 9.3 9.1 8.9 8.9 8.7

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,

plus all other persons marginally attached to

the labor force, as a percent of the civilian

labor force plus all persons marginally attached

to the labor force................................... 10.6 10.2 9.7 10.3 10.2 10.0 9.9 9.8 9.6

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all

persons marginally attached to the labor

force.................................................. 16.2 15.6 14.8 15.7 15.6 15.2 15.1 14.9 14.5

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are

available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a

job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for

full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Mar.

2011

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Mar.

2012

Mar.

2011

Mar.

2012

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................. 85,977 88,288 34,497 35,156 51,481 53,133

Persons who currently want a job.................................. 6,250 6,041 2,987 2,873 3,263 3,168

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,434 2,352 1,280 1,226 1,154 1,126

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 921 865 569 510 351 355

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .. 1,513 1,488 711 717 802 771

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4............................................. 6,809 7,052 3,292 3,451 3,517 3,601

Percent of total employed........................................... 4.9 5.0 4.5 4.6 5.3 5.4

Primary job full time, secondary job part time.................... 3,659 3,667 1,994 2,040 1,664 1,628

Primary and secondary jobs both part time....................... 1,816 1,992 555 629 1,261 1,364

Primary and secondary jobs both full time........................ 240 223 180 128 60 95

Hours vary on primary or secondary job.......................... 1,048 1,120 537 631 511 489

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,

but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling

or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation

problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Change

from:

Feb.2012 -

Mar.2012p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,061 130,297 131,199 132,010 130,922 132,461 132,701 132,821 120

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,466 108,439 108,888 109,594 108,725 110,470 110,703 110,824 121

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,487 17,726 17,720 17,877 17,942 18,254 18,283 18,314 31

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 813 817 820 756 830 834 835 1

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 48.2 47.3 45.7 50.3 49.0 48.2 47.8 -0.4

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692.7 765.0 770.0 774.1 705.6 781.0 786.0 787.1 1.1

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.5 186.7 187.5 191.7 166.8 188.4 190.0 193.1 3.1

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204.4 209.7 209.7 211.6 212.8 220.8 221.0 220.2 -0.8

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.4 86.5 86.0 85.5 84.5 86.5 86.4 86.0 -0.4

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322.8 368.6 372.8 370.8 326.0 371.8 375.0 373.8 -1.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,158 5,158 5,129 5,215 5,496 5,564 5,558 5,551 -7

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,162.1 1,172.2 1,168.3 1,172.9 1,218.6 1,231.5 1,239.0 1,228.4 -10.6

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536.5 538.7 538.2 539.7 566.5 570.9 574.0 569.0 -5.0

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625.6 633.5 630.1 633.2 652.1 660.6 665.0 659.4 -5.6

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . . 744.9 731.7 731.1 763.8 825.3 840.7 840.7 844.9 4.2

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,251.0 3,254.4 3,229.4 3,278.2 3,452.4 3,491.3 3,477.9 3,477.4 -0.5

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . 1,346.3 1,354.1 1,345.7 1,374.0 1,436.3 1,460.5 1,460.6 1,465.1 4.5

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . . 1,904.7 1,900.3 1,883.7 1,904.2 2,016.1 2,030.8 2,017.3 2,012.3 -5.0

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,588 11,755 11,774 11,842 11,690 11,860 11,891 11,928 37

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,176 7,352 7,372 7,418 7,226 7,401 7,429 7,455 26

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333.5 325.9 324.1 326.4 341.9 333.3 335.2 334.3 -0.9

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.7 352.7 354.0 359.0 368.5 370.3 372.2 371.6 -0.6

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380.2 402.4 402.5 403.5 381.2 402.9 403.7 404.5 0.8

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,321.3 1,370.9 1,376.8 1,383.9 1,331.6 1,377.3 1,385.5 1,390.4 4.9

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,037.1 1,085.9 1,089.9 1,097.3 1,040.6 1,088.2 1,093.2 1,099.7 6.5

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,100.6 1,105.6 1,106.0 1,108.0 1,102.5 1,107.9 1,107.7 1,109.9 2.2

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . . 157.2 162.2 162.8 163.2 157.1 162.4 162.7 163.0 0.3

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.3 111.0 110.3 110.3 116.1 111.1 111.0 111.1 0.1

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381.2 386.2 387.1 387.2 381.2 387.0 387.7 387.5 -0.2

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.3 401.0 401.2 402.1 405.0 402.0 401.1 402.8 1.7

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . . 361.9 369.9 370.8 371.7 364.5 370.6 372.6 373.8 1.2

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,367.7 1,421.7 1,428.2 1,447.1 1,367.6 1,424.0 1,431.4 1,444.4 13.0

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710.9 744.1 750.4 766.8 709.6 746.2 751.4 763.0 11.6

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349.5 343.7 346.1 347.4 353.7 349.7 351.5 351.2 -0.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569.9 573.3 573.6 573.3 573.4 577.2 575.6 575.6 0.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,412 4,403 4,402 4,424 4,464 4,459 4,462 4,473 11

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,431.5 1,421.7 1,419.2 1,424.3 1,460.8 1,446.6 1,449.1 1,453.1 4.0

Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . . 177.2 187.5 187.8 189.6 183.7 193.8 195.1 196.1 1.0

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.3 119.5 119.6 120.2 120.6 120.5 120.4 120.3 -0.1

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.3 111.5 112.4 113.1 118.2 112.8 113.7 113.6 -0.1

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.4 146.6 148.6 149.3 152.1 150.3 149.7 150.0 0.3

Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.1 30.5 30.5 30.0 29.1 30.6 30.5 30.0 -0.5

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388.1 391.9 389.1 392.6 391.0 392.6 391.7 395.1 3.4

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . . 474.0 456.7 454.1 453.5 475.7 460.5 457.9 455.1 -2.8

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.7 109.6 110.7 111.2 112.3 115.2 115.1 114.7 -0.4

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782.4 794.0 793.0 797.5 784.3 796.8 796.4 799.3 2.9

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632.0 633.0 637.0 642.3 636.2 639.5 642.3 645.7 3.4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,979 90,713 91,168 91,717 90,783 92,216 92,420 92,510 90

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,600 25,047 24,837 24,907 24,896 25,239 25,232 25,206 -26

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,478.9 5,531.3 5,539.1 5,564.8 5,510.4 5,583.4 5,590.3 5,594.4 4.1

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,731.1 2,757.5 2,758.9 2,765.7 2,745.0 2,776.7 2,778.6 2,778.6 0.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,920.6 1,930.8 1,936.2 1,948.7 1,934.9 1,957.5 1,961.0 1,962.2 1.2

Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. . 827.2 843.0 844.0 850.4 830.5 849.2 850.7 853.6 2.9

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,343.3 14,662.4 14,443.1 14,468.2 14,563.2 14,756.4 14,727.8 14,694.0 -33.8

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,658.9 1,682.4 1,691.2 1,705.0 1,674.7 1,713.7 1,717.6 1,719.9 2.3

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,039.9 1,065.0 1,069.6 1,075.3 1,045.3 1,077.1 1,079.3 1,080.0 0.7

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . 433.3 453.0 443.5 442.7 439.9 448.3 449.7 449.7 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Change

from:

Feb.2012 -

Mar.2012p

Retail trade - Continued

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 524.9 516.5 509.7 504.1 529.9 512.8 512.9 509.3 -3.6

Building material and garden supply stores.. . 1,132.8 1,087.1 1,099.3 1,150.2 1,145.7 1,147.1 1,150.3 1,155.6 5.3

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,782.8 2,842.7 2,827.8 2,819.3 2,812.7 2,856.0 2,858.0 2,851.9 -6.1

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 968.1 989.6 986.1 992.2 975.3 990.5 993.2 999.1 5.9

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812.6 817.2 814.3 815.6 824.0 828.4 827.5 827.6 0.1

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . 1,295.0 1,362.8 1,305.7 1,312.4 1,343.0 1,365.8 1,363.1 1,363.0 -0.1

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562.6 559.6 551.5 546.4 579.7 553.2 561.4 562.6 1.2

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,004.8 3,159.4 3,024.4 3,005.6 3,042.7 3,136.1 3,085.1 3,052.8 -32.3

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,499.7 1,626.9 1,523.0 1,492.8 1,532.3 1,591.8 1,551.1 1,530.1 -21.0

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748.9 750.4 758.0 749.8 766.7 766.1 770.1 766.9 -3.2

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418.6 441.7 431.6 424.9 428.9 438.4 438.9 435.6 -3.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,226.7 4,294.9 4,297.1 4,313.8 4,269.5 4,338.9 4,353.3 4,356.1 2.8

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453.3 455.8 454.4 456.7 454.4 457.9 456.3 457.5 1.2

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.7 230.8 230.6 230.8 226.8 232.1 231.9 231.9 0.0

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 64.0 65.4 65.5 62.7 65.6 67.3 67.2 -0.1

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,264.6 1,295.3 1,299.2 1,306.9 1,291.1 1,322.7 1,334.4 1,332.5 -1.9

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446.6 447.8 446.2 443.8 433.8 437.5 435.3 432.5 -2.8

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.6 43.8 43.7 43.7 42.8 43.5 43.8 43.8 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . . 21.7 22.1 24.0 24.6 27.8 30.4 32.0 31.2 -0.8

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . . 555.0 573.4 573.6 581.0 559.4 578.7 578.5 585.0 6.5

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517.4 520.9 517.7 517.2 527.4 522.9 524.7 526.5 1.8

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639.1 641.0 642.3 643.6 643.3 647.6 649.1 648.0 -1.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551.5 558.1 558.0 560.5 552.8 559.9 560.5 561.7 1.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,667 2,599 2,643 2,628 2,672 2,628 2,641 2,632 -9

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . 748.0 738.6 739.6 738.6 749.6 741.6 740.8 740.2 -0.6

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360.4 331.0 374.3 360.9 362.4 352.3 370.7 362.8 -7.9

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.0 279.4 279.2 282.5 283.0 280.4 279.8 282.7 2.9

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883.1 846.9 843.6 838.1 882.8 847.0 841.2 837.6 -3.6

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243.7 238.3 240.6 241.0 243.1 240.6 241.2 240.6 -0.6

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.7 165.1 165.4 166.8 151.1 166.3 166.9 168.2 1.3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,641 7,645 7,652 7,681 7,683 7,697 7,706 7,721 15

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,749.5 5,742.1 5,748.2 5,764.6 5,756.3 5,757.2 5,760.6 5,769.7 9.1

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 18.6 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.6 18.9 18.9 18.9 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,551.3 2,569.3 2,573.6 2,587.8 2,554.8 2,575.0 2,578.8 2,589.8 11.0

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,727.3 1,743.8 1,745.6 1,753.9 1,732.1 1,748.3 1,752.2 1,758.3 6.1

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,306.9 1,318.2 1,319.7 1,327.6 1,309.7 1,321.0 1,324.2 1,329.9 5.7

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806.3 799.0 801.1 800.2 806.6 801.8 802.3 800.7 -1.6

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . . 2,287.1 2,270.7 2,270.6 2,273.1 2,289.9 2,277.1 2,276.2 2,275.5 -0.7

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . . 86.2 84.3 84.1 84.7 86.4 84.4 84.4 84.8 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,891.4 1,902.7 1,903.8 1,916.6 1,926.3 1,939.9 1,945.7 1,950.8 5.1

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,375.0 1,386.8 1,386.9 1,393.4 1,396.7 1,410.4 1,412.5 1,415.0 2.5

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.6 492.1 493.2 499.7 505.6 505.6 509.4 512.1 2.7

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . . 23.8 23.8 23.7 23.5 24.0 23.9 23.8 23.7 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,994 17,335 17,488 17,596 17,192 17,672 17,758 17,789 31

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 7,668.8 7,866.1 7,956.4 7,952.0 7,606.0 7,841.9 7,873.9 7,887.7 13.8

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,109.6 1,110.5 1,111.5 1,111.5 1,114.3 1,117.5 1,117.7 1,116.4 -1.3

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . . 1,013.7 1,059.4 1,110.1 1,089.8 899.7 963.6 971.1 973.4 2.3

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . 1,268.8 1,290.1 1,294.5 1,300.2 1,286.7 1,310.0 1,314.3 1,317.9 3.6

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,501.5 1,551.8 1,567.3 1,565.7 1,509.9 1,558.8 1,570.0 1,573.9 3.9

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,039.0 1,093.0 1,106.1 1,111.0 1,048.5 1,107.0 1,114.8 1,120.1 5.3

Management of companies and enterprises. . . . 1,899.1 1,931.0 1,924.8 1,929.2 1,905.8 1,936.1 1,934.6 1,935.7 1.1

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,426.3 7,537.6 7,607.2 7,714.5 7,680.6 7,893.5 7,949.8 7,965.2 15.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Change

from:

Feb.2012 -

Mar.2012p

Administrative and waste services - Continued

Administrative and support services1

. . . . . . . . 7,071.3 7,173.5 7,243.6 7,351.6 7,317.3 7,522.7 7,577.9 7,593.8 15.9

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,820.7 2,926.0 3,004.4 3,034.2 2,929.0 3,083.9 3,150.9 3,136.7 -14.2

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,205.2 2,300.7 2,363.4 2,392.8 2,295.5 2,432.7 2,487.6 2,480.1 -7.5

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813.0 823.3 822.0 817.2 809.9 821.3 817.3 814.6 -2.7

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . . 1,641.4 1,621.1 1,615.9 1,677.5 1,770.1 1,788.5 1,783.6 1,806.6 23.0

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.0 364.1 363.6 362.9 363.3 370.8 371.9 371.4 -0.5

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,891 19,977 20,298 20,356 19,749 20,110 20,176 20,213 37

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,368.0 3,192.6 3,446.4 3,458.0 3,215.1 3,278.4 3,292.1 3,303.0 10.9

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,522.6 16,784.7 16,852.0 16,897.7 16,533.4 16,831.1 16,883.9 16,910.0 26.1

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,921.4 14,173.9 14,220.7 14,258.7 13,949.5 14,219.2 14,261.2 14,287.2 26.0

Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . . 6,071.7 6,222.7 6,259.4 6,275.3 6,084.7 6,250.8 6,277.0 6,289.1 12.1

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,329.4 2,387.2 2,395.8 2,405.0 2,333.6 2,392.9 2,401.9 2,409.5 7.6

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615.6 640.9 647.7 650.4 615.9 642.4 647.2 649.8 2.6

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,123.7 1,157.5 1,167.6 1,171.9 1,125.8 1,164.8 1,170.1 1,174.0 3.9

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,698.7 4,780.9 4,792.2 4,801.5 4,706.0 4,787.2 4,800.5 4,808.6 8.1

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,151.0 3,170.3 3,169.1 3,181.9 3,158.8 3,181.2 3,183.7 3,189.5 5.8

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,664.4 1,659.9 1,651.1 1,658.6 1,668.6 1,663.9 1,659.9 1,663.4 3.5

Social assistance1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,601.2 2,610.8 2,631.3 2,639.0 2,583.9 2,611.9 2,622.7 2,622.8 0.1

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866.6 844.0 852.5 854.3 847.3 836.4 839.2 835.5 -3.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,881 12,817 12,943 13,212 13,259 13,503 13,548 13,587 39

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,763.1 1,698.0 1,720.3 1,775.1 1,916.3 1,925.2 1,926.6 1,926.7 0.1

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . . 378.3 356.8 367.4 380.4 403.1 400.4 399.2 402.5 3.3

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.7 122.7 122.7 127.5 131.1 135.5 135.4 135.9 0.5

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . . 1,262.1 1,218.5 1,230.2 1,267.2 1,382.1 1,389.3 1,392.0 1,388.3 -3.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,117.6 11,118.9 11,222.6 11,436.8 11,342.6 11,578.1 11,621.7 11,659.9 38.2

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,721.3 1,704.8 1,715.1 1,740.8 1,787.8 1,801.4 1,805.0 1,806.3 1.3

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . 9,396.3 9,414.1 9,507.5 9,696.0 9,554.8 9,776.7 9,816.7 9,853.6 36.9

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,305 5,293 5,307 5,337 5,332 5,367 5,359 5,362 3

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,156.1 1,149.4 1,150.2 1,156.3 1,158.5 1,166.9 1,160.4 1,159.0 -1.4

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,273.4 1,270.7 1,274.9 1,284.7 1,280.6 1,291.4 1,290.8 1,291.6 0.8

Membership associations and organizations. . . . 2,875.7 2,873.1 2,881.5 2,896.2 2,892.5 2,908.9 2,908.0 2,911.0 3.0

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,595 21,858 22,311 22,416 22,197 21,991 21,998 21,997 -1

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,861.0 2,807.0 2,798.0 2,810.0 2,879.0 2,831.0 2,826.0 2,826.0 0.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,224.5 2,188.7 2,182.9 2,196.3 2,237.9 2,211.5 2,206.3 2,208.3 2.0

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636.6 618.6 614.9 613.8 640.6 619.3 619.3 617.2 -2.1

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,239.0 4,955.0 5,187.0 5,207.0 5,104.0 5,052.0 5,063.0 5,065.0 2.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,527.6 2,304.3 2,540.4 2,557.9 2,383.2 2,389.9 2,405.6 2,409.3 3.7

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 2,711.6 2,650.6 2,646.8 2,649.4 2,720.3 2,662.0 2,657.3 2,655.8 -1.5

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,495.0 14,096.0 14,326.0 14,399.0 14,214.0 14,108.0 14,109.0 14,106.0 -3.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,300.3 7,962.7 8,191.9 8,247.2 7,923.0 7,858.4 7,862.9 7,860.2 -2.7

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 6,194.4 6,133.0 6,134.2 6,151.7 6,291.4 6,249.8 6,246.0 6,245.8 -0.2

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 34.3 34.5 34.6 34.5

Goods-producing..................................................................... 39.9 40.4 40.5 40.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.2 45.1 44.6 43.8

Construction........................................................................ 38.0 38.6 38.9 38.6

Manufacturing...................................................................... 40.5 40.9 41.0 40.7

Durable goods................................................................... 40.9 41.2 41.4 41.1

Nondurable goods............................................................... 39.8 40.3 40.2 40.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.4 33.4 33.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 34.6 34.8 34.8 34.7

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.6 38.8 38.8 38.7

Retail trade....................................................................... 31.5 31.9 32.0 31.9

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 38.9 38.4 38.2 38.2

Utilities............................................................................ 42.0 41.3 41.2 41.2

Information.......................................................................... 36.6 36.7 36.7 36.7

Financial activities................................................................. 37.1 37.4 37.3 37.3

Professional and business services............................................. 35.7 35.9 35.9 35.9

Education and health services................................................... 32.8 32.8 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 25.8 26.2 26.2 26.2

Other services...................................................................... 31.8 31.6 31.7 31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4

Durable goods........................................................................ 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Total private................................................. $22.92 $23.28 $23.34 $23.39 $ 786.16 $ 803.16 $ 807.56 $ 806.96

Goods-producing........................................ 24.29 24.57 24.61 24.65 969.17 992.63 996.71 990.93

Mining and logging................................... 28.17 28.16 28.63 29.00 1,245.11 1,270.02 1,276.90 1,270.20

Construction........................................... 25.34 25.49 25.53 25.59 962.92 983.91 993.12 987.77

Manufacturing......................................... 23.55 23.89 23.90 23.91 953.78 977.10 979.90 973.14

Durable goods...................................... 25.06 25.35 25.30 25.31 1,024.95 1,044.42 1,047.42 1,040.24

Nondurable goods................................. 21.04 21.41 21.49 21.52 837.39 862.82 863.90 862.95

Private service-providing............................... 22.59 22.97 23.03 23.08 749.99 767.20 769.20 770.87

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 19.90 20.19 20.20 20.27 688.54 702.61 702.96 703.37

Wholesale trade.................................... 26.22 26.48 26.51 26.67 1,012.09 1,027.42 1,028.59 1,032.13

Retail trade.......................................... 15.74 16.02 16.05 16.05 495.81 511.04 513.60 512.00

Transportation and warehousing................. 21.39 21.94 21.91 21.96 832.07 842.50 836.96 838.87

Utilities............................................... 33.41 33.66 33.41 33.75 1,403.22 1,390.16 1,376.49 1,390.50

Information............................................. 31.65 31.58 31.61 31.60 1,158.39 1,158.99 1,160.09 1,159.72

Financial activities.................................... 27.68 28.54 28.69 28.84 1,026.93 1,067.40 1,070.14 1,075.73

Professional and business services................ 27.53 27.86 27.90 28.02 982.82 1,000.17 1,001.61 1,005.92

Education and health services...................... 23.46 24.04 24.20 24.18 769.49 788.51 796.18 795.52

Leisure and hospitality............................... 13.18 13.31 13.30 13.33 340.04 348.72 348.46 349.25

Other services......................................... 20.30 20.61 20.63 20.58 645.54 651.28 653.97 654.44

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Percent

change

from:

Feb.

2012 -

Mar.

2012p

Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Percent

change

from:

Feb.

2012 -

Mar.

2012p

Total private....................................... 93.5 95.5 96.0 95.8 -0.2 102.1 106.0 106.8 106.9 0.1

Goods-producing............................... 81.6 84.0 84.4 83.9 -0.6 89.5 93.3 93.8 93.4 -0.4

Mining and logging.......................... 105.0 117.6 116.9 114.9 -1.7 118.8 133.0 134.4 133.8 -0.4

Construction.................................. 72.0 74.0 74.5 73.9 -0.8 79.3 82.0 82.7 82.1 -0.7

Manufacturing................................ 85.2 87.3 87.7 87.3 -0.5 93.3 97.0 97.5 97.1 -0.4

Durable goods............................ 83.2 85.8 86.6 86.3 -0.3 92.6 96.7 97.3 97.0 -0.3

Nondurable goods........................ 88.7 89.7 89.5 89.5 0.0 94.7 97.4 97.6 97.8 0.2

Private service-providing...................... 96.8 98.9 99.1 99.2 0.1 105.9 110.1 110.6 111.0 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 93.7 95.5 95.5 95.1 -0.4 100.3 103.8 103.8 103.8 0.0

Wholesale trade........................... 92.8 94.5 94.6 94.5 -0.1 101.5 104.5 104.7 105.1 0.4

Retail trade................................ 93.2 95.6 95.7 95.2 -0.5 97.0 101.3 101.6 101.0 -0.6

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 95.1 95.4 95.2 95.2 0.0 103.2 106.2 105.8 106.1 0.3

Utilities..................................... 100.5 100.0 99.9 100.1 0.2 110.9 111.3 110.3 111.7 1.3

Information................................... 89.3 88.1 88.5 88.2 -0.3 100.6 99.0 99.6 99.3 -0.3

Financial activities........................... 93.9 94.9 94.7 94.9 0.2 101.5 105.7 106.1 106.8 0.7

Professional and business services....... 96.5 99.8 100.3 100.4 0.1 107.7 112.6 113.3 114.0 0.6

Education and health services............. 105.5 107.4 108.1 108.3 0.2 115.9 120.9 122.5 122.6 0.1

Leisure and hospitality...................... 97.6 100.9 101.3 101.6 0.3 103.8 108.4 108.7 109.2 0.5

Other services............................... 93.9 94.0 94.1 94.5 0.4 108.2 109.9 110.2 110.3 0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Total nonfarm............................................... 64,804 65,319 65,401 65,439 49.5 49.3 49.3 49.3

Total private.............................................. 52,195 52,812 52,888 52,926 48.0 47.8 47.8 47.8

Goods-producing...................................... 4,070 4,064 4,064 4,077 22.7 22.3 22.2 22.3

Mining and logging................................. 103 111 110 113 13.6 13.4 13.2 13.5

Construction........................................ 709 709 706 706 12.9 12.7 12.7 12.7

Manufacturing....................................... 3,258 3,244 3,248 3,258 27.9 27.4 27.3 27.3

Durable goods................................... 1,723 1,722 1,725 1,730 23.8 23.3 23.2 23.2

Nondurable goods............................... 1,535 1,522 1,523 1,528 34.4 34.1 34.1 34.2

Private service-providing............................. 48,125 48,748 48,824 48,849 53.0 52.9 52.8 52.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities............... 10,015 10,054 10,033 10,001 40.2 39.8 39.8 39.7

Wholesale trade................................. 1,655.5 1,679.1 1,679.0 1,679.5 30.0 30.1 30.0 30.0

Retail trade....................................... 7,219.7 7,228.1 7,207.2 7,176.1 49.6 49.0 48.9 48.8

Transportation and warehousing.............. 1,004.8 1,007.8 1,007.6 1,006.3 23.5 23.2 23.1 23.1

Utilities............................................ 135.4 138.5 139.2 139.4 24.5 24.7 24.8 24.8

Information.......................................... 1,086 1,064 1,066 1,064 40.6 40.5 40.4 40.4

Financial activities.................................. 4,488 4,478 4,480 4,489 58.4 58.2 58.1 58.1

Professional and business services............. 7,624 7,837 7,861 7,878 44.3 44.3 44.3 44.3

Education and health services................... 15,186 15,434 15,487 15,503 76.9 76.7 76.8 76.7

Leisure and hospitality............................. 6,923 7,055 7,072 7,095 52.2 52.2 52.2 52.2

Other services...................................... 2,803 2,826 2,825 2,819 52.6 52.7 52.7 52.6

Government.............................................. 12,609 12,507 12,513 12,513 56.8 56.9 56.9 56.9

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data published in this release for women employees in the Government and Total nonfarm industries are erroneous. Additional information

is available at www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_usps.htm. 
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Total private................................................................................ 89,628 91,219 91,495 91,553

Goods-producing........................................................................ 12,927 13,176 13,212 13,236

Mining and logging................................................................... 568 628 635 629

Construction........................................................................... 4,162 4,212 4,203 4,208

Manufacturing......................................................................... 8,197 8,336 8,374 8,399

Durable goods...................................................................... 4,949 5,090 5,119 5,137

Nondurable goods................................................................. 3,248 3,246 3,255 3,262

Private service-providing............................................................... 76,701 78,043 78,283 78,317

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................. 21,067 21,395 21,405 21,377

Wholesale trade.................................................................... 4,412.8 4,488.3 4,498.2 4,503.4

Retail trade......................................................................... 12,540.0 12,720.2 12,707.1 12,665.8

Transportation and warehousing................................................. 3,673.3 3,741.0 3,752.3 3,760.6

Utilities............................................................................... 441.0 445.9 446.9 447.4

Information............................................................................ 2,149 2,114 2,126 2,118

Financial activities.................................................................... 5,890 5,909 5,922 5,936

Professional and business services................................................ 14,133 14,561 14,658 14,664

Education and health services...................................................... 17,309 17,633 17,713 17,732

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 11,684 11,927 11,970 12,000

Other services........................................................................ 4,469 4,504 4,489 4,490

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 33.6 33.8 33.8 33.8

Goods-producing..................................................................... 40.7 41.2 41.3 41.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.8 47.7 47.2 45.9

Construction........................................................................ 38.6 39.1 39.2 39.2

Manufacturing...................................................................... 41.5 41.8 41.9 41.7

Durable goods................................................................... 41.9 42.2 42.3 42.1

Nondurable goods............................................................... 40.7 41.1 41.2 41.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 33.7 33.9 33.9 33.8

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.5 38.6 38.9 38.6

Retail trade....................................................................... 30.4 30.8 30.8 30.8

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 38.2 37.7 37.7 37.6

Utilities............................................................................ 42.5 40.8 40.6 40.4

Information.......................................................................... 36.3 36.2 36.0 36.1

Financial activities................................................................. 36.3 36.6 36.6 36.7

Professional and business services............................................. 35.1 35.3 35.3 35.3

Education and health services................................................... 32.2 32.4 32.4 32.4

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 24.9 24.9 25.0 25.0

Other services...................................................................... 30.8 30.8 30.7 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3

Durable goods........................................................................ 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Total private................................................. $19.34 $19.61 $19.65 $19.68 $ 649.82 $ 662.82 $ 664.17 $ 665.18

Goods-producing........................................ 20.58 20.78 20.84 20.89 837.61 856.14 860.69 858.58

Mining and logging................................... 24.39 24.89 25.56 25.64 1,117.06 1,187.25 1,206.43 1,176.88

Construction........................................... 23.51 23.74 23.82 23.94 907.49 928.23 933.74 938.45

Manufacturing......................................... 18.90 19.03 19.03 19.06 784.35 795.45 797.36 794.80

Durable goods...................................... 20.10 20.16 20.16 20.17 842.19 850.75 852.77 849.16

Nondurable goods................................. 17.01 17.20 17.21 17.27 692.31 706.92 709.05 708.07

Private service-providing............................... 19.08 19.37 19.39 19.42 618.19 629.53 630.18 631.15

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 17.06 17.28 17.30 17.31 574.92 585.79 586.47 585.08

Wholesale trade.................................... 21.86 22.06 22.03 22.07 841.61 851.52 856.97 851.90

Retail trade.......................................... 13.42 13.68 13.72 13.71 407.97 421.34 422.58 422.27

Transportation and warehousing................. 19.34 19.63 19.62 19.64 738.79 740.05 739.67 738.46

Utilities............................................... 30.68 31.01 30.94 31.07 1,303.90 1,265.21 1,256.16 1,255.23

Information............................................. 26.50 26.74 26.67 26.66 961.95 967.99 960.12 962.43

Financial activities.................................... 21.77 22.36 22.43 22.48 790.25 818.38 820.94 825.02

Professional and business services................ 23.01 23.14 23.13 23.26 807.65 816.84 816.49 821.08

Education and health services...................... 20.56 21.04 21.09 21.08 662.03 681.70 683.32 682.99

Leisure and hospitality............................... 11.40 11.54 11.57 11.59 283.86 287.35 289.25 289.75

Other services......................................... 17.22 17.40 17.44 17.38 530.38 535.92 535.41 535.30

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Percent

change

from:

Feb.

2012 -

Mar.

2012p

Mar.

2011

Jan.

2012

Feb.

2012p

Mar.

2012p

Percent

change

from:

Feb.

2012 -

Mar.

2012p

Total private....................................... 100.6 103.0 103.3 103.4 0.1 130.0 135.0 135.7 136.0 0.2

Goods-producing............................... 80.4 83.0 83.4 83.1 -0.4 101.3 105.6 106.4 106.4 0.0

Mining and logging.......................... 138.2 159.2 159.3 153.4 -3.7 196.1 230.4 236.8 228.8 -3.4

Construction.................................. 80.4 82.5 82.5 82.6 0.1 102.1 105.7 106.1 106.8 0.7

Manufacturing................................ 78.1 80.0 80.5 80.4 -0.1 96.5 99.5 100.2 100.2 0.0

Durable goods............................ 77.9 80.7 81.4 81.3 -0.1 97.8 101.6 102.4 102.4 0.0

Nondurable goods........................ 77.9 78.6 79.0 78.8 -0.3 93.6 95.5 96.1 96.2 0.1

Private service-providing...................... 106.3 108.5 108.8 108.8 0.0 139.0 144.0 144.6 144.9 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 99.0 101.1 101.2 100.7 -0.5 120.4 124.6 124.8 124.4 -0.3

Wholesale trade........................... 100.1 102.0 103.0 102.4 -0.6 128.8 132.6 133.7 133.1 -0.4

Retail trade................................ 96.5 99.2 99.1 98.7 -0.4 111.0 116.3 116.5 116.0 -0.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 105.6 106.2 106.5 106.4 -0.1 129.6 132.2 132.5 132.6 0.1

Utilities..................................... 95.9 93.0 92.8 92.4 -0.4 122.7 120.4 119.8 119.9 0.1

Information................................... 89.0 87.3 87.4 87.3 -0.1 116.8 115.6 115.3 115.2 -0.1

Financial activities........................... 102.3 103.5 103.7 104.3 0.6 137.7 143.1 143.8 144.9 0.8

Professional and business services....... 111.2 115.2 116.0 116.0 0.0 152.2 158.6 159.6 160.6 0.6

Education and health services............. 120.2 123.2 123.8 123.9 0.1 162.5 170.5 171.6 171.7 0.1

Leisure and hospitality...................... 106.6 108.8 109.6 109.9 0.3 138.0 142.6 144.0 144.6 0.4

Other services............................... 96.5 97.3 96.6 97.0 0.4 121.1 123.3 122.8 122.8 0.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary