Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-19-0728

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, April 30, 2019

Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • ncsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ect

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • pressoffice@bls.gov

EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – March 2019 

(NOTE: This news release was reissued on April 30, 2019. Tables A, 1, 2, and 3 were 

corrected to show revised seasonally adjusted data for previous quarters.) 

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.7 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month 

period ending in March 2019, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and 

salaries (which make up about 70 percent of compensation costs) increased 0.7 percent and benefit

costs (which make up the remaining 30 percent of compensation) also increased 0.7 percent from

December 2018. (See chart 1 and tables A, 1, 2, and 3.) 

Civilian Workers 

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 2.8 percent for the 12-month period ending in 

March 2019 compared with a compensation costs increase of 2.7 percent in March 2018. Wages and 

salaries increased 2.9 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2019 and increased 2.7 

percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2018. Benefit costs increased 2.6 percent for the 

12-month period ending in March 2019. In March 2018, the increase was also 2.6 percent. (See chart

2 and tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)

Chart 2. Twelve-month percent change, not seasonally 

adjusted, civilian workers

Chart 1. Three-month percent change, seasonally 

adjusted, civilian workers, compensation

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits
Chart 5. Twelve-month percent change, not seasonally 

adjusted, state and local government, wages and salaries and 

benefits

Private Industry Workers

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 2.8 percent over the year, the same 

increase as in March 2018. Wages and salaries increased 3.0 percent for the 12-month period 

ending in March 2019 and increased 2.9 percent in March 2018. The cost of benefits rose 2.4 

percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2019 and increased 2.5 percent in March 2018. 

(See charts 3 and 4 and tables A, 5, 9, and 12.) 

Employer costs for health benefits increased 1.9 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 

2019. (For further information, see chart 3 and www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf.) 

Among occupational groups, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-

month period ending in March 2019 ranged from 2.3 percent for management, professional, and 

related occupations to 3.4 percent for service occupations. (See table 5.)

Among industry supersectors, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-

month period ending in March 2019 ranged from 2.2 percent for manufacturing to 4.8 percent for 

information. (See table 5.)

State and Local Government Workers

Compensation costs for state and local 

government workers increased 3.0 

percent for the 12-month period ending 

in March 2019. In March 2018, the 

increase was 2.2 percent. Wages and 

salaries increased 2.5 percent for the 12-

month period ending in March 2019, 

compared with 1.8 percent a year ago. 

Benefit costs increased 3.6 percent for 

the 12-month period ending in March 

2019. The prior year increase was 3.0 

percent. (See chart 5 and tables A, 7, 11, 

and 12.) 

Chart 4. Twelve-month percent change, not seasonally 

adjusted, private industry workers

Chart 3. Twelve-month percent change, not 

seasonally adjusted, private industry workers

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019

Health benefits

Benefits

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits

- 2 -
The Employment Cost Index for June 2019 is scheduled for release on July 31, 2019, at 8:30 a.m. 

(EDT). 

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request—

Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

BLS news releases, including the Employment Cost Index, are available through an email 

subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm.

Videos and information graphics explaining the Employment Cost Index and how it is used are 

available at www.bls.gov/eci/videos.htm. 

Highlights of recent National Compensation Survey data are available in The Economics Daily at 

www.bls.gov/opub/ted/national-compensation-survey.htm. 

An overview of available BLS compensation measures and an interactive guide on choosing among 

them, are available at the BLS Commissioner’s Corner on “Making it Easier to Find Data on Pay and 

Benefits” at blogs.bls.gov/blog/2018/10/24/making-it-easier-to-find-data-on-pay-and-benefits. 

Detailed information on seasonal factors for the 2019 reference year and the revisions of historical 

seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years can be found at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectsfact.htm. 

- 3 -
TECHNICAL NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence 

of employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, 

coverage, methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation see National Compensation Measures 

Handbook of Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Sample size 

Data for the March 2019 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 

26,500 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,500 private industry 

establishments and approximately 7,900 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 

1,400 state and local government establishments that provided data at the initial interview. 

Standard errors 

To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of Employment Cost Index (ECI) series, standard errors 

of all current quarter not seasonally adjusted 3- and 12-month percent change series are also 

available, see www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectvar.htm and the public data query tools at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/data.htm. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an 

estimate to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. 

Historical listings 

Historical listings are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. The continuous occupational and industry 

series listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and Occupational Classification 

System series from 1975 through 2005 and the North American Industry Classification System and 

Standard Occupational Classification from 2006 to the present. It provides the official series deemed 

continuous after the change in classification systems. For more information on the criteria used in 

defining continuous series, see the article published in the Monthly Labor Review at 

www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data 

The costs per hour worked of compensation components are published as part of the Employer Costs 

for Employee Compensation news release (ECEC). The ECEC release dates are available at 

www.bls.gov/schedule/2019/home.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in summary documents at 

www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather than 

the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually differ 

from those in the ECI. 

Fixed Employment Weights 

For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the ECI, see 

www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-theemployment-cost-index.htm.

- 4 -
Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation, by occupational group and industry1

[Seasonally adjusted]

Occupational group and industry

Indexes

(Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months endedDec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Jun.

2018

Sep.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Civilian workers

All workers2

.................................. 135.2 136.2 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7

Industry

Goods-producing industries3............ 132.0 133.1 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.8

Manufacturing.......................... 131.7 132.9 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.9

Service-providing industries4............ 136.0 136.9 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7

Education and health services....... 135.2 136.0 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6

Educational services................ 135.7 136.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Elementary and secondary

schools.......................... 135.8 136.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges,

universities, and professional

schools.......................... 135.6 136.4 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6

Health care and social

assistance5

........................ 134.7 135.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5

Hospitals........................... 135.0 135.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.7

Nursing and residential care

facilities......................... 131.7 132.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5

Public administration.................. 139.4 140.5 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

Private industry workers

All workers................................... 134.6 135.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and

related................................... 134.0 134.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

Management, business, and

financial.............................. 135.4 136.1 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5

Professional and related.............. 133.1 133.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4

Sales and office.......................... 135.5 136.3 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.6

Sales and related...................... 131.3 132.0 0.8 0.3 1.1 0.5 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.0 0.5

Office and administrative support.... 138.4 139.3 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance............................ 134.6 135.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming,

fishing, and forestry occupations.. 134.5 135.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.8

Installation, maintenance, and

repair................................. 134.7 135.3 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.4 1.3 0.5 0.7 0.4

Production, transportation, and

material moving........................ 134.9 136.3 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 1.0

Production.............................. 132.3 133.5 0.6 0.6 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.9

Transportation and material

moving................................ 138.1 139.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.2

Service occupations...................... 135.8 136.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8

Industry

Goods-producing industries3

.............. 131.9 133.1 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.9

Construction............................... 132.5 133.5 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.8

Manufacturing............................. 131.7 132.9 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.9

Aircraft manufacturing................. 120.5 121.2 1.5 0.7 8.5 0.4 1.5 0.3 -6.7 0.3 0.6

Service-providing industries5.............. 135.4 136.2 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities...... 137.2 138.3 1.0 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.8

Wholesale trade....................... 133.1 134.2 1.5 0.3 0.8 0.4 1.0 -0.1 1.8 0.7 0.8

Retail trade............................. 137.8 138.7 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7

Transportation and warehousing. . .. 139.8 141.2 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.2 0.6 1.0

Utilities.................................. 145.7 148.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.8

Information................................ 134.8 135.9 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.9 0.8 0.4 0.8

Financial activities........................ 134.7 135.9 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.3 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.9

Finance and insurance................ 135.0 136.2 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.

- 5 -
Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation, by occupational group and industry1 — Continued

[Seasonally adjusted]

Occupational group and industry

Indexes

(Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months endedDec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Jun.

2018

Sep.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Credit intermediation and related

activities.............................. 133.0 134.3 0.6 0.6 0.5 -0.1 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.0

Insurance carriers and related

activities.............................. 136.4 138.0 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.4 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.. 133.1 134.4 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.1 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0

Professional and business services. .. 135.6 136.0 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.3

Professional, scientific, and

technical services................... 138.0 138.1 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.1 1.2 0.5 0.1

Administrative and support and

waste management and

remediation services................ 132.1 133.1 0.6 0.6 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.8

Education and health services.......... 134.1 134.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.4

Educational services.................. 134.2 134.8 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.4

Junior colleges, colleges,

universities, and professional

schools............................ 136.0 137.0 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7

Health care and social assistance... 134.1 134.7 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.4

Hospitals............................. 134.7 135.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.5

Nursing and residential care

facilities............................ 130.0 130.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.5

Leisure and hospitality................... 136.1 136.6 1.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.1 1.3 0.4

Accommodations and food

services.............................. 136.7 137.6 1.6 0.8 0.5 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.7

Other services, except public

administration.......................... 135.3 136.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.0 1.2 1.0

State and local government workers

All workers................................... 137.8 138.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Industry

Education and health services.......... 136.5 137.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Educational services.................. 136.1 137.0 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Schools............................... 136.0 136.9 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7

Elementary and secondary

schools.......................... 136.2 137.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7

Health care and social assistance... 139.3 140.5 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9

Hospitals............................. 136.3 137.9 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.2

Public administration.................. 139.4 140.5 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

1

Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

2

Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal

government.

3

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

4

Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real

estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;

educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services,

except public administration; and public administration.

5

Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real

estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;

educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,

except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 6 -
Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry

[Seasonally adjusted]

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months endedDec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Jun.

2018

Sep.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Civilian workers

All workers1

.................................. 133.9 134.8 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.7

Industry

Goods-producing industries2.............. 133.1 134.1 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8

Manufacturing............................. 133.0 134.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9

Service-providing industries3.............. 134.1 135.0 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7

Education and health services.......... 131.5 132.1 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5

Educational services.................. 128.8 129.4 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5

Elementary and secondary

schools............................ 127.5 128.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges,

universities, and professional

schools............................ 130.9 131.7 0.9 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6

Health care and social assistance. . . .. 134.4 135.0 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.4

Hospitals................................ 134.2 134.9 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.5

Nursing and residential care

facilities............................... 131.5 132.3 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6

Public administration..................... 130.7 131.6 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Private industry workers

All workers................................... 134.9 135.9 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and

related................................... 134.7 135.4 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5

Professional and related.............. 133.9 134.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.4

Sales and office.......................... 135.4 136.4 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.6 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.7

Sales and related...................... 131.9 132.8 0.9 0.3 1.3 0.5 1.4 0.5 1.4 1.0 0.7

Office and administrative support.... 137.9 139.1 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance............................ 133.4 134.3 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming,

fishing, and forestry occupations.. 133.7 134.8 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8

Installation, maintenance, and

repair................................. 133.1 133.7 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5

Production, transportation, and

material moving........................ 135.4 137.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2

Production.............................. 133.2 134.3 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9

Transportation and material

moving................................ 137.9 140.0 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.6

Service occupations4

.................... 136.6 138.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1

Industry

Goods-producing industries2.............. 133.1 134.2 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

Construction............................... 132.5 133.5 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7

Manufacturing............................. 133.0 134.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9

Aircraft manufacturing................. 142.5 143.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.3

Service-providing industries4

.............. 135.4 136.4 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities...... 136.1 137.5 1.3 0.4 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.5 1.3 0.7 1.0

Retail trade............................. 137.9 139.3 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.0

Transportation and warehousing. . .. 139.0 140.7 0.7 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.4 0.7 1.3

Utilities.................................. 142.0 143.3 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.9

Information................................ 131.6 132.9 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.0

Financial activities........................ 135.4 136.8 -0.1 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.6 0.6 0.3 0.6 1.0

Finance and insurance................ 136.3 137.6 -0.2 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.7 0.7 0.3 0.6 1.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities........................... 132.0 133.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.5 1.2

Insurance carriers and related

activities........................... 135.4 137.2 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.4 1.3

Professional and business services. .. 136.1 136.6 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.

- 7 -
Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry — Continued

[Seasonally adjusted]

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months endedDec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Jun.

2018

Sep.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Professional, scientific, and

technical services................... 138.6 138.6 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.2 1.5 0.5 0.0

Education and health services.......... 134.2 134.8 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.4

Educational services.................. 132.7 133.3 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges,

universities, and professional

schools............................ 133.7 134.5 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

Health care and social assistance... 134.5 135.1 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.4

Nursing and residential care

facilities............................ 131.5 132.3 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.6

Leisure and hospitality................... 138.7 139.5 1.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.1 1.5 0.6

Accommodations and food service.. 139.1 140.2 1.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 1.3 0.7 1.0 1.3 0.8

Other services, except public

administration.......................... 135.7 137.0 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 -0.1 1.3 1.0

State and local government workers

All workers................................... 129.5 130.3 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6

Industry

Education and health services.......... 128.6 129.3 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5

Educational services.................. 128.1 128.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5

Schools............................... 128.0 128.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.5

Elementary and secondary

schools.......................... 127.4 128.1 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.5

Health care and social assistance... 133.3 134.1 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Hospitals............................. 131.9 133.0 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8

Public administration..................... 130.7 131.6 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

1

Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal

government.

2

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

3

Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real

estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;

educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services,

except public administration; and public administration.

4

Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real

estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;

educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,

except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 8 -
Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry

[Seasonally adjusted]

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months endedDec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2017

Jun.

2017

Sep.

2017

Dec.

2017

Mar.

2018

Jun.

2018

Sep.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Civilian workers

All workers1

.................................. 138.4 139.3 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.7

Private industry workers

All workers................................... 133.9 134.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and

related................................... 132.6 133.0 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.3

Sales and office.......................... 135.8 136.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance............................ 137.1 138.0 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.8 0.3 0.5 0.7

Production, transportation, and

material moving........................ 134.0 134.9 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.7

Service occupations...................... 133.0 133.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.2

Industry

Goods-producing industries2

............ 129.6 130.8 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.4 0.8 0.5 -0.4 0.3 0.9

Manufacturing.......................... 129.2 130.4 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.4 0.8 0.5 -0.7 0.3 0.9

Service-providing industries3

............ 135.5 136.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.4

State and local government workers

All workers1.................................. 154.2 155.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.0

1

Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal

government.

2

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

3

Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real

estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;

educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,

except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 9 -
Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation, for civilian workers, by occupational group and

industry1

[Not seasonally adjusted]

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

3-months ended- 12-months endedMar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

All workers2

.......................................... 132.5 135.0 136.2 1.0 0.4 0.9 2.7 2.9 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations3......... 132.7 135.2 136.3 0.9 0.5 0.8 2.6 2.8 2.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related. . . . . .. 132.2 134.5 135.4 0.8 0.4 0.7 2.4 2.5 2.4

Management, business, and financial....... 133.4 135.5 136.5 1.1 0.4 0.7 2.9 2.7 2.3

Professional and related...................... 131.6 134.0 134.8 0.6 0.4 0.6 2.3 2.4 2.4

Sales and office................................... 132.4 135.5 136.8 1.4 0.4 1.0 3.0 3.8 3.3

Sales and related.............................. 127.8 131.0 132.2 1.7 0.4 0.9 3.3 4.2 3.4

Office and administrative support............ 135.2 138.3 139.7 1.1 0.5 1.0 2.7 3.4 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance.................................... 132.2 135.0 135.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.6 2.6 2.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,

and forestry occupations................... 132.4 134.8 135.8 0.5 0.4 0.7 2.3 2.3 2.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair........ 132.0 135.1 135.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 2.9 2.8 2.8

Production, transportation, and material

moving........................................... 132.9 135.1 136.8 1.1 0.4 1.3 3.3 2.8 2.9

Production....................................... 130.5 132.5 133.7 0.9 0.5 0.9 3.0 2.4 2.5

Transportation and material moving......... 135.8 138.3 140.4 1.4 0.4 1.5 3.6 3.3 3.4

Service occupations.............................. 134.2 137.2 138.7 1.1 0.7 1.1 3.0 3.4 3.4

Industry

Goods-producing industries4

.................... 129.9 131.9 133.1 0.8 0.5 0.9 2.7 2.3 2.5

Manufacturing.................................. 130.0 131.6 132.9 0.9 0.5 1.0 2.8 2.1 2.2

Service-providing industries5.................... 132.9 135.6 136.7 1.0 0.4 0.8 2.7 3.0 2.9

Education and health services............... 132.3 135.2 135.8 0.6 0.7 0.4 2.2 2.8 2.6

Educational services........................ 132.6 135.7 136.2 0.3 0.6 0.4 2.2 2.6 2.7

Elementary and secondary schools. . .. 132.5 135.8 136.3 0.3 0.7 0.4 2.3 2.8 2.9

Junior colleges, colleges, universities,

and professional schools.............. 132.8 135.7 136.3 0.3 0.7 0.4 1.8 2.5 2.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 132.1 134.7 135.5 0.9 0.7 0.6 2.3 2.9 2.6

Hospitals................................... 132.4 135.0 135.9 0.5 0.9 0.7 2.0 2.5 2.6

Nursing and residential care facilities... 129.1 131.6 132.3 0.9 0.7 0.5 2.7 2.9 2.5

Public administration........................... 136.2 139.2 140.4 0.4 0.7 0.9 2.3 2.6 3.1

1

Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

2

Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal

government.

3 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.

4

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

5

Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real

estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;

educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services,

except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 10 -
Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation, for private industry workers, by occupational group

and industry1

[Not seasonally adjusted]

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

3-months ended- 12-months endedMar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

All workers........................................... 131.9 134.4 135.6 1.1 0.4 0.9 2.8 3.0 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations2

......... 132.2 134.5 135.7 1.1 0.4 0.9 2.7 2.8 2.6

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related. . . . . .. 131.8 133.8 134.8 1.0 0.4 0.7 2.6 2.5 2.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations2

. . . . .. 131.2 133.1 134.1 1.0 0.4 0.8 2.5 2.5 2.2

Management, business, and financial....... 133.2 135.2 136.2 1.1 0.4 0.7 2.9 2.7 2.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations2

.... 132.5 134.2 135.3 1.2 0.4 0.8 2.7 2.5 2.1

Professional and related...................... 130.8 132.8 133.7 0.9 0.4 0.7 2.3 2.5 2.2

Sales and office................................... 132.0 135.0 136.4 1.5 0.4 1.0 3.0 3.8 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations2

. . . . .. 134.1 137.1 138.5 1.3 0.4 1.0 2.8 3.5 3.3

Sales and related.............................. 127.7 130.8 132.0 1.8 0.3 0.9 3.3 4.2 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations2.... 132.3 135.2 136.7 1.4 0.4 1.1 3.0 3.6 3.3

Office and administrative support............ 135.0 138.0 139.5 1.3 0.5 1.1 2.7 3.5 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance.................................... 131.8 134.5 135.3 0.5 0.4 0.6 2.6 2.5 2.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,

and forestry occupations................... 132.2 134.4 135.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 2.3 2.1 2.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair........ 131.3 134.6 135.1 0.3 0.5 0.4 2.8 2.8 2.9

Production, transportation, and material

moving........................................... 132.5 134.7 136.4 1.1 0.4 1.3 3.3 2.8 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations2

. . . . .. 132.6 134.7 136.1 1.2 0.6 1.0 3.2 2.8 2.6

Production....................................... 130.2 132.3 133.5 0.8 0.6 0.9 2.9 2.4 2.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations2.... 130.5 132.6 133.9 0.8 0.6 1.0 3.0 2.4 2.6

Transportation and material moving......... 135.4 137.8 140.1 1.5 0.3 1.7 3.7 3.3 3.5

Service occupations.............................. 132.7 135.6 137.2 1.4 0.8 1.2 3.2 3.6 3.4

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries3

....................... 129.9 131.9 133.1 0.8 0.5 0.9 2.7 2.3 2.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations2

......... 130.3 132.2 133.4 0.8 0.5 0.9 2.7 2.2 2.4

Management, professional, and related. . . . . .. 128.7 130.0 131.4 1.3 0.5 1.1 2.9 2.3 2.1

Sales and office................................... 130.4 134.2 135.2 0.8 0.5 0.7 2.5 3.7 3.7

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance.................................... 131.6 133.8 134.7 0.4 0.4 0.7 2.3 2.1 2.4

Production, transportation, and material

moving........................................... 129.5 131.2 132.5 0.6 0.5 1.0 2.8 1.9 2.3

Construction....................................... 129.7 132.4 133.4 0.7 0.5 0.8 2.4 2.8 2.9

Manufacturing..................................... 130.0 131.6 132.9 0.9 0.5 1.0 2.8 2.1 2.2

Management, professional, and related..... 130.0 131.1 132.6 1.2 0.5 1.1 2.8 2.0 2.0

Sales and office occupations................. 132.4 135.4 136.8 0.8 0.5 1.0 2.6 3.1 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance................................. 130.8 132.1 132.8 0.1 0.3 0.5 2.7 1.1 1.5

Production, transportation, and material

moving........................................ 129.2 130.8 132.2 0.7 0.5 1.1 2.9 1.9 2.3

Aircraft manufacturing......................... 132.1 120.3 122.1 2.5 -0.2 1.5 14.0 -6.7 -7.6

Service-providing industries4

....................... 132.6 135.2 136.3 1.2 0.4 0.8 2.9 3.2 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations2

......... 132.9 135.3 136.5 1.2 0.4 0.9 2.8 3.0 2.7

Management, professional, and related. . . . . .. 132.4 134.6 135.4 1.0 0.4 0.6 2.6 2.7 2.3

Sales and office................................... 132.1 135.1 136.5 1.5 0.4 1.0 3.0 3.8 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance.................................... 132.0 135.5 136.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.9 3.1 3.2

Production, transportation, and material

moving........................................... 135.9 138.7 140.9 1.6 0.4 1.6 3.7 3.7 3.7

Service occupations.............................. 132.6 135.6 137.2 1.3 0.8 1.2 3.1 3.6 3.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 134.0 136.8 138.4 1.3 0.2 1.2 3.0 3.4 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations2

. . . . .. 134.5 137.3 138.7 1.2 0.4 1.0 2.8 3.3 3.1

Wholesale trade................................ 130.0 133.0 134.2 1.1 0.6 0.9 2.5 3.4 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations2

.... 133.0 135.4 136.6 1.1 0.2 0.9 2.9 2.9 2.7

See footnotes at end of table.

- 11 -
Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation, for private industry workers, by occupational group

and industry1 — Continued

[Not seasonally adjusted]

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

3-months ended- 12-months endedMar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Service-providing industries - Continued

Retail trade...................................... 134.3 137.3 138.6 1.1 0.1 0.9 3.0 3.4 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations2

.... 132.9 136.2 137.7 1.1 0.4 1.1 2.5 3.6 3.6

Transportation and warehousing............. 136.8 139.3 141.5 1.6 0.0 1.6 3.6 3.5 3.4

Utilities........................................... 143.5 145.0 148.5 1.6 0.1 2.4 3.0 2.7 3.5

Information......................................... 129.4 134.3 135.6 0.8 -0.1 1.0 2.6 4.6 4.8

Financial activities................................ 132.0 134.2 135.6 1.6 0.2 1.0 3.3 3.3 2.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations2

. . . . .. 132.5 134.8 136.4 1.5 0.4 1.2 2.7 3.3 2.9

Finance and insurance........................ 132.2 134.5 135.9 1.6 0.1 1.0 3.3 3.4 2.8

Credit intermediation and related

activities.................................... 130.6 132.5 134.2 1.4 0.2 1.3 2.2 2.9 2.8

Excluding incentive paid................. 134.8 136.9 138.8 1.5 0.1 1.4 2.1 3.1 3.0

Insurance carriers and related activities. . .. 134.1 135.7 137.8 1.1 -0.1 1.5 2.5 2.3 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations2

.... 133.0 135.2 136.9 1.1 0.1 1.3 2.5 2.8 2.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......... 130.9 133.1 134.5 1.2 0.8 1.1 3.0 2.9 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations2.... 134.0 136.7 138.1 1.3 0.9 1.0 2.9 3.3 3.1

Professional and business services............ 133.3 135.2 136.3 1.1 0.3 0.8 3.0 2.5 2.3

Professional, scientific, and technical

services....................................... 135.9 137.5 138.6 1.3 0.1 0.8 3.0 2.5 2.0

Administrative and support and waste

management and remediation services... 129.3 132.0 133.1 0.6 0.6 0.8 3.2 2.7 2.9

Education and health services.................. 131.4 134.1 134.7 0.8 0.6 0.4 2.3 2.8 2.5

Educational services........................... 131.5 134.4 134.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 1.9 2.5 2.4

Junior colleges, colleges, universities,

and professional schools................ 133.0 136.2 136.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 2.3 2.8 2.9

Health care and social assistance........... 131.4 134.1 134.8 0.9 0.7 0.5 2.3 3.0 2.6

Hospitals...................................... 132.1 134.7 135.5 0.6 1.0 0.6 1.9 2.6 2.6

Nursing and residential care facilities..... 127.6 129.9 130.7 0.9 0.7 0.6 2.7 2.7 2.4

Nursing care facilities2

................... 127.1 129.7 130.2 0.6 0.9 0.4 2.5 2.7 2.4

Leisure and hospitality........................... 132.6 135.7 137.0 1.8 1.3 1.0 3.2 4.1 3.3

Accommodations and food service.......... 133.5 136.3 138.0 1.8 1.1 1.2 3.2 3.9 3.4

Other services, except public administration... 132.9 135.0 136.6 1.2 0.7 1.2 2.9 2.8 2.8

1

Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.

3

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

4

Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real

estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;

educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,

except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 12 -
Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and

Census region and division1

[Not seasonally adjusted]

Bargaining status and Census region and

division

Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

3-months ended- 12-months endedMar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Bargaining status

Union............................................... 135.4 138.8 140.0 0.7 0.7 0.9 2.7 3.2 3.4

Goods-producing industries2

................. 132.3 133.2 134.1 0.4 0.4 0.7 3.0 1.1 1.4

Manufacturing................................ 127.8 126.9 127.7 0.5 0.3 0.6 4.0 -0.2 -0.1

Service-providing industries3................. 138.2 142.8 144.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 2.5 4.2 4.3

Nonunion........................................... 131.4 133.7 134.9 1.2 0.4 0.9 2.8 2.9 2.7

Goods-producing industries2

................. 129.2 131.4 132.6 0.9 0.5 0.9 2.6 2.6 2.6

Manufacturing................................ 130.7 132.7 134.2 0.9 0.5 1.1 2.7 2.5 2.7

Service-providing industries3................. 132.0 134.4 135.5 1.2 0.4 0.8 3.0 3.1 2.7

Census region and division4

Northeast.......................................... 133.7 136.5 138.1 1.3 0.4 1.2 2.7 3.4 3.3

New England................................... 136.5 139.9 141.1 0.9 0.1 0.9 2.9 3.4 3.4

Middle Atlantic.................................. 132.7 135.4 137.1 1.4 0.7 1.3 2.6 3.4 3.3

South............................................... 130.4 132.5 133.3 0.9 0.4 0.6 2.6 2.6 2.2

South Atlantic................................... 132.3 134.8 135.6 0.9 0.6 0.6 2.8 2.8 2.5

East South Central............................. 130.0 131.3 132.1 1.2 0.2 0.6 2.8 2.3 1.6

West South Central............................ 127.4 129.2 130.0 0.8 0.2 0.6 2.4 2.2 2.0

Midwest............................................ 129.8 132.3 133.5 1.0 0.5 0.9 2.4 3.0 2.9

East North Central............................. 128.4 130.9 132.3 1.1 0.5 1.1 2.6 3.1 3.0

West North Central............................ 133.3 135.8 136.6 0.9 0.4 0.6 1.9 2.8 2.5

West................................................ 134.6 137.2 138.5 1.3 0.4 0.9 3.6 3.2 2.9

Mountain........................................ 131.7 134.1 135.3 1.3 0.7 0.9 3.3 3.2 2.7

Pacific........................................... 135.9 138.5 139.9 1.3 0.4 1.0 3.8 3.2 2.9

1

Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

2

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

3

Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real

estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;

educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,

except public administration.

4 The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont;

Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North

Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas,

Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and

Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 13 -
Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation, for state and local government workers, by

occupational group and industry1

[Not seasonally adjusted]

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

3-months ended- 12-months endedMar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

All workers........................................... 134.6 137.7 138.6 0.3 0.7 0.7 2.2 2.6 3.0

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related. . . . . .. 133.4 136.4 137.1 0.3 0.7 0.5 2.1 2.6 2.8

Professional and related...................... 133.2 136.1 136.8 0.3 0.7 0.5 2.1 2.5 2.7

Sales and office................................... 136.3 140.0 140.9 0.4 0.6 0.6 2.3 3.2 3.4

Office and administrative support............ 136.3 140.1 141.0 0.4 0.6 0.6 2.3 3.2 3.4

Service occupations.............................. 137.6 140.8 142.1 0.4 0.6 0.9 2.4 2.8 3.3

Industry

Education and health services.................. 133.3 136.5 137.1 0.3 0.7 0.4 2.2 2.7 2.9

Educational services........................... 132.9 136.1 136.7 0.3 0.7 0.4 2.2 2.7 2.9

Schools....................................... 132.9 136.0 136.6 0.4 0.7 0.4 2.2 2.7 2.8

Elementary and secondary schools. . .. 132.9 136.2 136.7 0.3 0.7 0.4 2.4 2.8 2.9

Health care and social assistance........... 136.6 139.3 140.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 2.5 2.6 2.9

Hospitals...................................... 133.9 136.5 137.9 0.4 1.0 1.0 2.3 2.3 3.0

Public administration............................. 136.2 139.2 140.4 0.4 0.7 0.9 2.3 2.6 3.1

1

Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 14 -
Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and

industry

[Not seasonally adjusted]

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

3-months ended- 12-months endedMar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

All workers1

.......................................... 131.1 133.8 134.9 1.0 0.5 0.8 2.7 3.1 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations2......... 131.1 133.6 134.7 0.9 0.5 0.8 2.7 2.8 2.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related. . . . . .. 130.6 133.0 133.7 0.8 0.5 0.5 2.4 2.6 2.4

Management, business, and financial....... 133.0 135.2 136.1 1.0 0.4 0.7 2.9 2.7 2.3

Professional and related...................... 129.3 131.7 132.4 0.6 0.4 0.5 2.1 2.5 2.4

Sales and office................................... 131.4 134.5 136.0 1.5 0.4 1.1 3.1 3.9 3.5

Sales and related.............................. 128.2 131.4 132.8 1.9 0.4 1.1 3.6 4.5 3.6

Office and administrative support............ 133.5 136.6 138.0 1.1 0.6 1.0 2.7 3.5 3.4

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance.................................... 130.8 133.2 133.9 0.4 0.5 0.5 2.7 2.2 2.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,

and forestry occupations................... 130.8 133.4 134.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 2.4 2.5 2.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair........ 130.8 133.2 133.5 0.2 0.6 0.2 2.7 2.1 2.1

Production, transportation, and material

moving........................................... 132.3 135.1 137.0 1.1 0.5 1.4 3.4 3.3 3.6

Production....................................... 130.6 133.3 134.6 0.8 0.7 1.0 3.0 2.9 3.1

Transportation and material moving......... 134.3 137.1 139.7 1.5 0.4 1.9 3.7 3.6 4.0

Service occupations.............................. 132.4 135.6 137.2 1.2 0.9 1.2 3.2 3.7 3.6

Industry

Goods-producing industries3.................... 130.4 132.9 134.1 0.9 0.5 0.9 2.7 2.8 2.8

Manufacturing.................................. 130.4 132.9 134.2 0.9 0.7 1.0 2.6 2.8 2.9

Service-providing industries4.................... 131.2 133.9 135.0 1.0 0.5 0.8 2.7 3.1 2.9

Education and health services............... 128.7 131.6 132.1 0.5 0.6 0.4 2.1 2.8 2.6

Educational services........................ 126.3 129.0 129.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 1.8 2.4 2.4

Elementary and secondary schools. . .. 124.9 127.7 128.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 1.8 2.5 2.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and

universities.............................. 128.4 131.1 131.6 0.2 0.7 0.4 1.7 2.3 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 131.5 134.4 135.1 1.0 0.7 0.5 2.6 3.2 2.7

Hospitals................................... 131.5 134.2 134.9 0.5 1.1 0.5 2.1 2.5 2.6

Nursing and residential care facilities... 128.5 131.4 132.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 3.0 3.2 3.0

Public administration........................... 128.3 130.8 131.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.9 2.4 2.7

1

Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal

government.

2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.

3

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

4

Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real

estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;

educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services,

except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 15 -
Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group

and industry

[Not seasonally adjusted]

Occupational group and industry

Index value (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

3-months ended- 12-months endedMar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

All workers........................................... 132.0 134.7 135.9 1.1 0.5 0.9 2.9 3.1 3.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations1

......... 132.1 134.6 135.8 1.1 0.5 0.9 2.8 3.0 2.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related. . . . . .. 132.3 134.6 135.4 0.9 0.4 0.6 2.6 2.7 2.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations1

. . . . .. 131.3 133.4 134.3 0.9 0.5 0.7 2.4 2.5 2.3

Management, business, and financial....... 133.7 135.8 136.8 1.1 0.4 0.7 2.9 2.6 2.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations1

.... 132.3 134.0 135.1 1.1 0.4 0.8 2.6 2.4 2.1

Professional and related...................... 131.3 133.7 134.4 0.8 0.4 0.5 2.4 2.7 2.4

Sales and office................................... 131.8 135.0 136.4 1.5 0.5 1.0 3.2 4.0 3.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations1

. . . . .. 133.9 136.9 138.5 1.3 0.4 1.2 3.1 3.6 3.4

Sales and related.............................. 128.2 131.5 132.9 1.8 0.4 1.1 3.6 4.4 3.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations1.... 132.9 135.8 137.5 1.5 0.4 1.3 3.4 3.7 3.5

Office and administrative support............ 134.5 137.6 139.2 1.2 0.6 1.2 2.9 3.5 3.5

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance.................................... 130.9 133.4 134.1 0.4 0.6 0.5 2.7 2.3 2.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing,

and forestry occupations................... 131.1 133.6 134.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 2.5 2.5 2.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair........ 130.8 133.1 133.5 0.2 0.5 0.3 2.8 2.0 2.1

Production, transportation, and material

moving........................................... 132.3 135.1 137.1 1.2 0.5 1.5 3.4 3.4 3.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations1

. . . . .. 132.5 135.2 136.7 1.3 0.7 1.1 3.3 3.4 3.2

Production....................................... 130.4 133.1 134.4 0.9 0.7 1.0 3.1 2.9 3.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations1.... 130.7 133.4 134.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 3.1 3.0 3.1

Transportation and material moving......... 134.7 137.5 140.3 1.6 0.4 2.0 3.9 3.7 4.2

Service occupations.............................. 133.0 136.4 138.3 1.3 0.9 1.4 3.4 3.9 4.0

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries2

....................... 130.4 133.0 134.2 0.9 0.6 0.9 2.6 2.9 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations1

......... 130.9 133.3 134.6 0.8 0.5 1.0 2.6 2.7 2.8

Management, professional, and related. . . . . .. 130.7 132.7 134.1 1.3 0.5 1.1 2.3 2.9 2.6

Sales and office................................... 130.8 135.3 136.4 0.7 0.7 0.8 2.7 4.2 4.3

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance.................................... 131.0 133.6 134.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.5 2.5 2.6

Production, transportation, and material

moving........................................... 129.8 132.2 133.5 0.8 0.7 1.0 2.9 2.6 2.9

Construction....................................... 129.5 132.4 133.3 0.9 0.5 0.7 2.7 3.1 2.9

Manufacturing..................................... 130.4 132.9 134.2 0.9 0.7 1.0 2.6 2.8 2.9

Management, professional, and related..... 130.9 133.1 134.6 1.0 0.5 1.1 2.0 2.7 2.8

Sales and office................................ 132.6 136.0 137.5 0.8 0.7 1.1 3.0 3.3 3.7

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance................................. 131.3 133.6 134.4 0.2 0.5 0.6 2.6 2.0 2.4

Production, transportation, and material

moving........................................ 129.5 131.9 133.2 0.8 0.8 1.0 2.9 2.6 2.9

Aircraft manufacturing......................... 141.1 141.5 143.8 2.0 0.2 1.6 2.7 2.2 1.9

Service-providing industries3

....................... 132.5 135.2 136.4 1.1 0.5 0.9 3.0 3.2 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations1

......... 132.5 135.0 136.2 1.1 0.5 0.9 2.9 3.1 2.8

Management, professional, and related. . . . . .. 132.6 134.9 135.6 0.9 0.4 0.5 2.6 2.7 2.3

Sales and office................................... 131.9 134.9 136.5 1.6 0.4 1.2 3.3 3.9 3.5

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance.................................... 130.9 133.1 133.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 2.9 2.0 2.1

Production, transportation, and material

moving........................................... 135.0 138.1 140.8 1.6 0.4 2.0 3.8 3.9 4.3

Service occupations.............................. 133.0 136.4 138.2 1.4 1.0 1.3 3.4 4.0 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 132.9 135.7 137.4 1.3 0.2 1.3 3.1 3.4 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations1

. . . . .. 133.0 135.7 137.2 1.2 0.3 1.1 2.9 3.3 3.2

Wholesale trade................................ 127.3 130.4 131.7 1.0 0.7 1.0 2.4 3.5 3.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations1

.... 129.5 131.8 133.2 1.0 0.2 1.1 2.9 2.8 2.9

See footnotes at end of table.

- 16 -
Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group

and industry — Continued

[Not seasonally adjusted]

Occupational group and industry

Index value (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

3-months ended- 12-months endedMar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Service-providing industries - Continued

Retail trade...................................... 134.7 137.5 139.1 1.1 0.1 1.2 3.2 3.2 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations1

.... 132.8 135.9 137.7 1.1 0.4 1.3 2.7 3.4 3.7

Transportation and warehousing............. 135.4 138.4 140.9 1.7 -0.1 1.8 3.7 4.0 4.1

Utilities........................................... 140.2 141.4 143.6 1.4 0.1 1.6 2.6 2.3 2.4

Information......................................... 128.4 131.3 132.6 0.7 0.0 1.0 2.7 3.0 3.3

Financial activities................................ 133.0 135.0 136.4 1.6 0.2 1.0 3.7 3.1 2.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations1

. . . . .. 133.0 135.0 136.7 1.6 0.4 1.3 3.0 3.1 2.8

Finance and insurance........................ 133.8 135.8 137.2 1.7 0.1 1.0 3.9 3.2 2.5

Credit intermediation and related

activities.................................... 129.9 131.6 133.5 1.5 0.2 1.4 3.0 2.8 2.8

Excluding incentive paid

occupations1

............................ 134.1 135.9 138.2 1.6 0.1 1.7 2.8 3.0 3.1

Insurance carriers and related activities... 133.5 134.7 136.9 1.1 -0.1 1.6 2.5 2.0 2.5

Excluding incentive paid

occupations1

............................ 131.3 133.2 134.9 1.2 0.2 1.3 2.3 2.6 2.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......... 129.8 131.9 133.4 1.2 0.7 1.1 3.3 2.9 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations1.... 133.0 135.7 137.3 1.3 0.8 1.2 3.2 3.4 3.2

Professional and business services............ 133.5 135.8 136.9 1.1 0.4 0.8 3.1 2.9 2.5

Professional, scientific, and technical

services....................................... 136.1 138.1 139.1 1.4 0.1 0.7 3.0 2.9 2.2

Administrative and support and waste

management and remediation services... 130.3 133.4 134.8 0.5 0.8 1.0 3.4 2.9 3.5

Education and health services.................. 131.2 134.2 134.8 0.8 0.7 0.4 2.4 3.2 2.7

Educational services........................... 130.1 133.0 133.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 1.9 2.3 2.2

Junior colleges, colleges, universities,

and professional schools................ 130.9 134.0 134.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 2.3 2.5 2.6

Health care and social assistance........... 131.5 134.5 135.2 1.0 0.7 0.5 2.7 3.3 2.8

Hospitals...................................... 131.8 134.7 135.3 0.5 1.1 0.4 2.1 2.7 2.7

Nursing and residential care facilities..... 128.5 131.4 132.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 3.0 3.2 3.0

Nursing care facilities1

................... 127.9 131.0 131.6 0.7 1.1 0.5 2.7 3.1 2.9

Leisure and hospitality........................... 134.7 138.4 140.0 1.8 1.5 1.2 3.5 4.6 3.9

Accommodation and food service........... 135.4 138.8 140.7 1.8 1.2 1.4 3.4 4.4 3.9

Other services, except public administration... 133.2 135.4 137.0 1.1 0.8 1.2 2.9 2.7 2.9

1 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.

2

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

3

Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real

estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;

educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,

except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 17 -
Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status

and Census region and division

[Not seasonally adjusted]

Bargaining status and Census region and

division

Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes forMar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

3-months ended- 12-months endedMar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Bargaining status

Union............................................... 131.6 134.6 135.7 0.5 0.8 0.8 2.3 2.8 3.1

Goods-producing industries1

................. 127.9 130.2 130.9 0.2 0.5 0.5 2.2 2.0 2.3

Manufacturing................................ 125.7 127.5 128.0 0.4 0.5 0.4 2.4 1.8 1.8

Service-providing industries2................. 134.2 137.5 138.9 0.7 1.0 1.0 2.4 3.2 3.5

Nonunion........................................... 132.1 134.7 136.0 1.1 0.4 1.0 3.0 3.1 3.0

Goods-producing industries1

................. 131.0 133.6 134.9 0.9 0.6 1.0 2.7 2.9 3.0

Manufacturing................................ 131.4 134.0 135.5 0.8 0.7 1.1 2.6 2.8 3.1

Service-providing industries2................. 132.4 135.0 136.2 1.2 0.4 0.9 3.1 3.2 2.9

Census region and division3

Northeast.......................................... 133.4 136.0 137.6 1.3 0.5 1.2 2.9 3.3 3.1

New England................................... 138.0 141.5 142.8 0.9 0.1 0.9 2.9 3.4 3.5

Middle Atlantic.................................. 131.7 134.0 135.7 1.5 0.7 1.3 2.9 3.2 3.0

South............................................... 131.3 133.6 134.4 0.9 0.5 0.6 2.8 2.7 2.4

South Atlantic................................... 133.3 135.9 136.7 1.0 0.6 0.6 3.2 3.0 2.6

East South Central............................. 130.3 131.7 132.4 1.3 0.2 0.5 2.8 2.4 1.6

West South Central............................ 128.5 130.4 131.3 0.8 0.2 0.7 2.5 2.3 2.2

Midwest............................................ 129.4 132.3 133.5 1.0 0.7 0.9 2.4 3.3 3.2

East North Central............................. 127.9 130.7 132.1 1.1 0.8 1.1 2.7 3.3 3.3

West North Central............................ 133.2 136.1 136.9 0.8 0.5 0.6 1.7 3.0 2.8

West................................................ 134.6 137.8 139.3 1.3 0.5 1.1 3.7 3.7 3.5

Mountain........................................ 132.5 135.2 136.3 1.3 0.7 0.8 3.5 3.4 2.9

Pacific........................................... 135.5 138.9 140.7 1.3 0.4 1.3 3.7 3.8 3.8

1

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

2

Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real

estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;

educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,

except public administration.

3 The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont;

Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North

Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas,

Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and

Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 18 -
Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for state and local government workers, by

occupational group and industry

[Not seasonally adjusted]

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes forMar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

3-months ended- 12-months endedMar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

All workers........................................... 127.0 129.7 130.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 1.8 2.4 2.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related. . . . . .. 126.2 128.7 129.2 0.2 0.5 0.4 1.8 2.2 2.4

Professional and related...................... 126.0 128.5 129.0 0.2 0.5 0.4 1.8 2.2 2.4

Sales and office................................... 126.6 129.7 130.2 0.3 0.6 0.4 1.6 2.8 2.8

Office and administrative support............ 127.0 130.1 130.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 1.6 2.8 2.8

Service occupations.............................. 130.0 132.6 133.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 2.2 2.6 2.7

Industry

Education and health services.................. 126.1 128.8 129.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 1.8 2.4 2.5

Educational services........................... 125.5 128.2 128.6 0.2 0.5 0.3 1.7 2.4 2.5

Schools....................................... 125.5 128.2 128.6 0.2 0.5 0.3 1.7 2.4 2.5

Elementary and secondary schools. . .. 124.9 127.6 127.9 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.9 2.4 2.4

Health care and social assistance........... 131.3 133.4 134.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 2.5 2.1 2.3

Hospitals...................................... 130.2 132.1 133.1 0.4 0.8 0.8 2.4 1.9 2.2

Public administration............................. 128.3 130.8 131.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.9 2.4 2.7

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 19 -
Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status

[Not seasonally adjusted]

Occupational group, industry, and bargaining

status

Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes forMar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

3-months ended- 12-months endedMar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Civilian workers

All workers1

........................................ 135.7 138.1 139.2 1.0 0.4 0.8 2.6 2.8 2.6

Private industry workers

All workers......................................... 131.6 133.6 134.7 1.1 0.3 0.8 2.5 2.6 2.4

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related. . . . . .. 130.6 132.1 133.3 1.2 0.3 0.9 2.5 2.3 2.1

Sales and office................................... 132.4 135.3 136.2 1.2 0.4 0.7 2.4 3.4 2.9

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance.................................... 133.5 136.9 137.9 0.5 0.3 0.7 2.3 3.0 3.3

Production, transportation, and material

moving........................................... 132.6 133.8 135.0 0.9 0.2 0.9 3.0 1.8 1.8

Service occupations.............................. 131.3 132.8 133.6 1.2 0.4 0.6 2.3 2.4 1.8

Industry

Goods-producing industries2

.................... 129.0 129.6 130.8 0.8 0.2 0.9 2.9 1.3 1.4

Manufacturing.................................. 129.1 129.1 130.5 0.9 0.2 1.1 3.3 0.9 1.1

Aircraft manufacturing...................... 122.2 97.7 99.0 3.3 -0.8 1.3 31.5 -17.4 -19.0

Service-providing industries3

.................... 132.7 135.1 136.1 1.1 0.4 0.7 2.4 3.0 2.6

Bargaining status

Union............................................... 141.7 145.7 146.9 0.8 0.6 0.8 3.1 3.6 3.7

Nonunion........................................... 129.6 131.2 132.3 1.1 0.2 0.8 2.4 2.3 2.1

State and local government workers

All workers......................................... 150.4 154.4 155.8 0.5 0.8 0.9 3.0 3.1 3.6

1

Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal

government.

2

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

3

Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real

estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services;

educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,

except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 20 -
Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation and wages and salaries, for private industry workers

by area

[Not seasonally adjusted]

Census region and metropolitan area1

12-month percent changes -

Total compensation2 Wages and salaries

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2018

Dec.

2018

Mar.

2019

Northeast

Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA............ 2.0 2.3 2.5 1.7 2.0 2.4

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA.......................... 2.8 3.7 3.9 3.1 3.6 3.5

Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA........... 2.7 1.9 1.9 2.7 2.0 1.9

South

Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA....... 1.1 2.0 2.3 1.7 2.2 2.5

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA................................... 2.2 2.3 2.8 2.2 2.0 2.9

Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA............................... 2.1 1.8 1.4 2.3 1.9 1.4

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA................. 2.4 2.9 2.5 2.7 3.1 2.9

Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA. . .. 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.4

Midwest

Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA................................ 2.9 3.2 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.7

Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA............................... 2.6 2.6 1.9 2.8 2.7 1.8

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA................................ 3.5 5.0 2.7 3.9 5.2 2.2

West

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA............................... 3.2 3.0 3.5 3.1 3.7 4.5

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA.............................. 3.6 3.8 3.1 4.0 4.1 3.1

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA..................... 4.4 3.6 3.0 4.9 3.8 3.3

Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA......................................... 7.2 0.6 -0.2 3.6 3.7 2.9

1 These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the December 2018 release,

area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based

on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see

www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.

2

Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

- 21 -