Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378

http://www.bls.gov/cps/

Establishment data: 691-6555

http://www.bls.gov/ces/

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 03-46

Transmission of material in this release is

embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),

Friday, February 7, 2003.

2001 2002 2003 122.0

124.0

126.0

128.0

130.0

132.0

134.0

Millions

 Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,

 February 2000 - January 2003

 Chart 2.

0.0

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JANUARY 2003

Payroll employment rose by 143,000 in January, and the unemployment rate decreased to 5.7 percent,

the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Employment in retail trade

and construction increased after seasonal adjustment, but most other major industries were little changed.

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)

The unemployment rate fell to 5.7 percent in January; the number of unemployed persons was 8.3 million.

The jobless rates for the major demographic groups were as follows: adult men (5.4 percent), adult women

(4.7 percent), teenagers (16.8 percent), whites (5.1 percent), blacks or African Americans (10.3 percent),

Asians (5.6 percent, not seasonally adjusted), and Hispanics or Latinos (7.8 percent). (See tables A-1, A-2,

and A-3.)

Revisions to Household Survey Data

Several major changes affect the Current Population Survey (household) data being released

today. These include the use of new population controls that reflect Census 2000 results and new

information about net migration, the use of new questions about race and Hispanic ethnicity, the

introduction of new industry and occupational classifications, improvements in seasonal adjustment

procedures, and the annual update of seasonal adjustment factors. For all data series, these

changes affect the comparability of the January 2003 estimates with those for earlier months.

Additional information is provided beginning on page 5.

2001 2002 2003 3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

Percent

Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,

February 2000 - January 2003

Chart 1.

0.0
2

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Quarterly averages Monthly data Dec.-

Category 2003 Jan.

III IV Nov. Dec. Jan. change 

HOUSEHOLD DATA Labor force status

Civilian labor force............................. 145,181 145,241 145,180 145,150 145,838 (1)

Employment................................... 136,804 136,657 136,542 136,439 137,536 (1)

Unemployment.............................. 8,377 8,584 8,637 8,711 8,302 (1)

Not in labor force................................ 72,686 73,302 73,369 73,591 74,059 (1)

All workers......................................... 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.0 5.7 (1)

Adult men...................................... 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.4 (1)

Adult women................................. 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.2 4.7 (1)

Teenagers..................................... 16.7 16.1 16.8 16.4 16.8 (1)

White 2............................................ 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.1 (1)

Black or African American 2........... 9.9 10.7 10.8 11.2 10.3 (1)

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity............. 7.5 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.8 (1)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Nonfarm employment......................... 130,844 p130,792 130,817 p130,661 p130,804 p143

Goods-producing 3

 ........................... 23,787 p23,625 23,631 p23,557 p23,557 p0

Construction............................ 6,544 p6,544 6,543 p6,546 p6,567 p21

Manufacturing......................... 16,691 p16,529 16,537 p16,457 p16,441 p-16

Service-producing 3

 ...................... 107,057 p107,167 107,186 p107,104 p107,247 p143

Retail trade............................... 23,308 p23,228 23,247 p23,148 p23,249 p101

Services.................................... 41,299 p41,415 41,404 p41,456 p41,491 p35

Government.............................. 21,270 p21,358 21,364 p21,362 p21,366 p4

Hours of work 4

Total private........................................ 34.1 p34.2 34.2 p34.1 p34.2 p0.1

Manufacturing................................... 40.8 p40.7 40.6 p40.9 p40.8 p-.1

Overtime......................................... 4.1 p4.1 4.0 p4.2 p4.1 p-.1

Total private........................................ 147.9 p147.9 147.9 p147.6 p148.1 p0.5

Earnings 4

Average hourly earnings,

total private................................... $14.81 p$14.94 $14.94 p$14.98 p$14.98 p$0.00

Average weekly earnings,

total private................................... 505.14 p510.45 510.95 p510.82 p512.32 p1.50

 1 Household survey data for January 2003 are not directly comparable with earlier data.

 2 Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are 

included only in the "all workers" total. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the 

group they identified as the main race. 

 3 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

 4

 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.

 p=preliminary.

 NOTE: All household survey data have been revised back to January 2000 to reflect the introduction of Census 2000

population controls. Beginning in January 2003, the household survey data also reflect an additional upward adjustment 

to population controls and other changes to the survey. The seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised

back to January 1998 based on the experience through December 2002. See the note beginning on page 5 for additional 

information. 

Unemployment rates

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 4

Employment

2002 2002
3

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

Total employment in January was 137.5 million. The employment-population ratio—the proportion of the

population age 16 and older with jobs—was 62.5 percent. The civilian labor force in January was 145.8

million and the labor force participation rate was 66.3 percent. (See table A-1.)

Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

About 1.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in

January. These were people who wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in

the prior 12 months but were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4

weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers—a subset of the marginally attached who

were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them—was

449,000 in January. (See table A-13.)

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 143,000 in January to 130.8 million, seasonally adjusted.

This followed a decline of 156,000 (as revised) in December. Retail trade, which had accounted for much

of December’s loss, posted a large gain in January. (See table B-1.)

Retail trade employment rose by 101,000 over the month, after seasonal adjustment; this increase

followed a drop of 99,000 in December. Employment in eating and drinking places accounted for a large

share of the change in both months. In addition, holiday hiring in department stores and in miscellaneous

retail establishments had been less than usual. As a result, there were relatively small layoffs in January and,

therefore, employment increased over the month after seasonal adjustment.

Construction employment increased by 21,000 in January. Since its most recent peak in March 2001,

however, this industry has lost 214,000 jobs. In January, special trades and heavy construction both added

jobs. Job gains continued in mortgage banking; employment in this industry has grown by 38 percent, or

113,000, since January 2001. Real estate employment edged down in January, but was up by 19,000 since

January 2002.

The services industry added 35,000 jobs in January, somewhat below its trend over the prior 12 months.

Health services added 18,000 jobs over the month. Employment in lodging places had a relatively large

employment gain for the second month in a row. The industry has benefited from strength in winter

recreation. Business services employment was down by 31,000 in January, reflecting widespread weakness

in the industry.

Employment in air transportation increased by 22,000 in January, following a decline of similar size in

December. Seasonal hiring by air courier services was weak during the fourth quarter; consequently, fewer

workers than usual were laid off in January. As a result, employment rose after seasonal adjustment. Job

losses continued in communications (-19,000); since its most recent peak in April 2001, communications

employment has decreased by 179,000, or about 10 percent.

Following a loss of 80,000 jobs (as revised) in December, employment in manufacturing edged down by

16,000 in January. The average loss for the 2 months (48,000) was about in line with the average monthly

decline from August to November. Motor vehicles posted a gain of 11,000 in January, offsetting a loss of

9,000 in December. Job losses continued in industrial machinery, electronic equipment, and fabricated

metals. Chemicals and apparel also lost jobs over the month.
4

Employment in mining declined by 5,000 in January, following a small gain in December. Since

September 2001, the industry has lost 22,000 jobs, 3.9 percent of its total.

Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)

The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up

by 0.1 hour in January to 34.2 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek and overtime hours

each were down by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours and 4.1 hours, respectively. (See table B-2.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm

payrolls increased by 0.3 percent in January to 148.1 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing

index decreased by 0.2 percent over the month to 90.8. (See table B-5.)

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)

Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls were

unchanged in January at $14.98, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings rose by 0.3 percent to

$512.32. Over the year, average hourly earnings and average weekly earnings rose by 2.7 percent and

3.0 percent, respectively. (See table B-3.)

______________________________

The Employment Situation for February 2003 is scheduled to be released on Friday, March 7, at 8:30

A.M. (EST).
5

Revisions to Household Survey Data

Effective with the release of data for January 2003, a number of changes affect estimates from the

Current Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. These changes were undertaken to benchmark

the survey data to more current estimates of the U.S. population; to adopt new standards for data on race,

ethnicity, industry, and occupation; and to improve seasonal adjustment procedures. In addition, the data

reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors and revisions to historical seasonally adjusted data. The following

describes these changes in more detail and provides information regarding their impact on the survey

estimates. As discussed below, a one-month change in weighting procedures makes data for January not

strictly comparable with data for both prior and subsequent months.

• Beginning in January 2003, population controls based on the results of Census 2000 were used in

the monthly CPS estimation process, and data for the 3 prior years were revised to reflect these new

controls. (Previously, estimates for January 1990 through December 2002 were based on 1990

Census population controls adjusted for the estimated undercount.) The Census 2000-based controls

increased the size of the civilian noninstitutional population by over 3 million. As a result, they also

increased the estimates of employment and unemployment. Since the increases were roughly

proportional, however, the overall unemployment rate did not change significantly.

• In addition to the shift to Census 2000-based controls, the U.S. Census Bureau introduced another

large upward adjustment (+941,000) to the CPS population controls in January 2003 as part of its

annual update of population estimates. BLS does not anticipate revising historical data to reflect this

additional adjustment. This accords with usual practice regarding intercensal population changes. Thus,

the population levels for January 2003 (and beyond) and the levels of employment and unemployment

are not strictly comparable with those for earlier months. The additional adjustment to the population

taken in January 2003 raised the number of employed by about 575,000 and the number of unemployed by about 40,000. The adjustment had a negligible effect on the overall unemployment rate

and other ratios.

• The questions on race and Hispanic origin in the CPS were modified in January 2003 to comply

with the new standards for maintaining, collecting, and presenting federal data on race and ethnicity.

A major change under those standards is that respondents may select more than one race when

responding to the survey. Respondents continued to be asked a separate question to determine if

they are Hispanic, which is considered an ethnicity rather than a race. Under the new standards, the

question on Hispanic ethnicity was reworded and placed before the question on race. Persons who

report that they are Hispanic or Latino also are classified separately by the race (or races) they

consider themselves to be. Based on the evidence obtained from a special supplement to the CPS in

May 2002, the new questions have little effect on the unemployment rate overall and for most major

worker groups. An exception was the jobless rate for Hispanics; the May 2002 results indicate that

their unemployment rate may be somewhat higher based on the new questions.

• To accommodate the race categories under the new guidelines, the Employment Situation news release

now presents data for persons who report they are white (and no other race), black or African

American (and no other race), and Asian (and no other race). Results from the May supplement

indicate that the unemployment rates for these groups are comparable to the rates for these categories

using the old classifications that allowed only one race to be identified. The published labor force

estimates for the groups, however, are smaller because those estimates no longer include persons who

report that they belong to more than one race. In addition, under the old classification scheme, Asians

were included in a single category with Pacific Islanders. There are now two separate categories:
6

(1) Asians and (2) Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders. Data for three race categories—

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders, Native Americans, and persons of more than one race—are

included in the total employment and unemployment estimates in this release but are not shown

separately because of their small sample sizes. Estimates are presented separately for Hispanics, who

can be of any race.

• Adjustments were made to both the second-stage and composite weighting procedures to adapt them

to the new race/ethnic classification system. These adjustments also should enhance the stability over

time of national and state/substate labor force estimates for demographic groups. Composite weights

could not be calculated for the January 2003 data, however, because that procedure requires the use

of both the current and the previous month’s information. Because the race/ethnic groups differ

between December and January, compositing could not be done for January. The effect of

compositing is different each month; thus, January estimates could not be adjusted to make them

comparable with those for other months. The effect on the national unemployment rate is probably

negligible.

• In January 2003, the CPS adopted the 2002 Census industry and occupational classification systems

derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System and the 2000 Standard

Occupational Classification system. These new classification systems create breaks in the time series

for industry and occupational data at all levels of aggregation. As a result, the former industry and

occupational categories have been discontinued. Employment and unemployment estimates using the

new industry and occupational classifications were developed for 2000-02 by recoding previously

collected information. Still, it will take several additional years under the new classification systems to

collect enough industry and occupational data to allow for seasonal adjustment.

Additional information about these changes and their impact can be found in an article in the February

2003 issue of Employment and Earnings and on the BLS Web site at (http://www.bls.gov/cps/).

Revision of seasonally adjusted data

At the end of each calendar year, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reestimates the seasonal factors for the

household data series by including another full year of data in the estimation process. Based on this annual

reestimation, BLS issues projected factors for the first 6 months of the new year, as well as revised estimates

of historical seasonally adjusted data for the last 5 years. This year, seasonally adjusted data for January

1998-December 2002 were subject to revision.

With the release of January 2003 data, the CPS also began using the X-12 ARIMA software for

seasonal adjustment of time series data. This replaces the X-11 ARIMA, used since 1980. The seasonal

adjustment of CPS series was reviewed to determine if additional series could be adjusted and if the current

adjustments were sound, particularly in light of the changes made to race, ethnic, industry, and occupation

classifications. The seasonal adjustment of a number of series was discontinued or modified as a result of this

review.

As previously discussed, seasonal adjustment of series on industry and occupation was discontinued.

The new industry classification system also led to a modification of the procedure for seasonally adjusting

total CPS employment and, indirectly, labor force levels and the unemployment rate. Previously, the

seasonally adjusted estimate of household employment was obtained by adding up the directly-calculated

seasonally adjusted estimates for eight age-sex-industry series. These eight series consisted of teenage men,

teenage women, men age 20 and over, and women age 20 and over in agriculture and in nonagricultural

industries. The new industrial classification system decreased the size of agriculture substantially by moving
7

some industries to the nonagricultural sector. When the smaller agriculture estimate was disaggregated by sex

and age, several of the components became extremely small. For this reason, only total employment for the

four age and sex groups is being directly seasonally adjusted, and the sum of these four groups constitutes the

seasonally adjusted total employment level. This change in procedure does not appreciably affect the

measures. Seasonally adjusted series for agriculture and nonagricultural industries are now being obtained by

direct adjustment.

Table B summarizes the effects of the revisions on the overall unemployment rate since January 2002.

The rate was revised in 8 months, in each case by 0.1 percentage point, due primarily to the updating of

seasonal adjustment factors. Revised seasonally adjusted data for major labor force series since December

2001 appear in table C.

Additional information about the new seasonal adjustment procedures can be found in an article in the

February 2003 issue of Employment and Earnings. The publication also will contain the new seasonal

adjustment factors for major series for the January-June 2003 period and revised data for the most recent

12 months for all regularly published tables containing seasonally adjusted household survey data.

Changes in data presentation

Due to the changes reported above, revisions or additions have been made to the A tables in this release.

Several series have been affected by conceptual changes or new standards for presenting data; new series

have been added and others will no longer be published. The most important changes to the tables are

described below.

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age. Estimates of employment

for agriculture and nonagricultural industries no longer appear in this table. These series have been modified

Table B. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates and changes due to revision,

January-December 2002

Month and year As first

 computed

As revised Change

 2002

January .................................... 5.6 5.6 .0

February ................................. 5.5 5.6 0.1

March ..................................... 5.7 5.7 .0

April........................................ 6.0 5.9 -.1

May ........................................ 5.8 5.8 .0

June ........................................ 5.9 5.8 -.1

July ......................................... 5.9 5.8 -.1

August..................................... 5.7 5.8 .1

September............................... 5.6 5.7 .1

October .................................. 5.7 5.8 .1

November ............................... 6.0 5.9 -.1

December ............................... 6.0 6.0 .0
8

to reflect the new industrial classification system and seasonal adjustment practices; they now appear in

“Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status.”

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age. Estimates

presented in this table have been modified to comply with the new standards for presenting data on race.

Hence, data for January 2003 forward are presented for persons who report that they are white (and no

other race), black or African American (and no other race), and Asian (and no other race). Race-specific

unemployment rates for 16- to 19-year-old men and women are no longer presented. Estimates for persons

whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino, formerly presented in this table, are now presented in

“Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age .”

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age. This new

table presents estimates for persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. The detail has been expanded to include

not seasonally adjusted data for the major sex and age groups.

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational

attainment. This table replaces old table A-3.

Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status. This new table contains

employment estimates by class of worker and persons at work part time, previously shown in old table

A-4. As noted above, employment estimates for the revised total agriculture and related industries and for

total nonagricultural industries are now presented in this table. Estimates for unpaid family workers (in both

agriculture and related industries and nonagricultural industries) and for private household workers will no

longer be seasonally adjusted. Employment estimates by marital status now are presented in “Table A-6.

Selected employment indicators,” and employment estimates by occupation are presented in “Table A-10.

Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted.”

Table A-6. Selected employment indicators. This new table contains employment estimates by sex

and expanded age detail. It also contains employment estimates by marital status and full- and part-time

status. Seasonally adjusted estimates for women who maintain families no longer will be presented.

Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted. This table replaces old table A9 and has been expanded to include greater age detail for unemployment estimates. It also contains estimates

by marital status and full- and part-time status. Seasonally adjusted estimates for women 55 years and over

and for women who maintain families no longer will be presented; alternatively, not seasonally adjusted data

will be presented.

Data for unemployed persons by reason for unemployment are now published in table A-8 and data for

unemployed persons by duration of unemployment now appear in table A-9.

Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted. This new

table contains employment and unemployment estimates for major occupational groups based on the 2002

Census occupational classification system derived from the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification

system.

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry, not seasonally adjusted. This new table contains

unemployment estimates for major industry groups based on the 2002 Census industry classification system

derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System.
9

Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization, and Table A-13. Persons not in the

labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted replace old tables A-8 and A-10,

respectively, with no changes to format.

Changes to LABSTAT

LABSTAT, the electronic method for retrieving data series published in the “A” tables of this release,

also has undergone change. All LABSTAT series IDs associated with the household survey data have been

revised. A substantial number of series related to the former occupation, industry, and race classifications

have been discontinued. Similarly, new series have been added for Asians and for the current occupational

and industry classifications. Users can access data via the most requested series option without the new

LABSTAT codes. Users also can access historical data for the household series contained in the “A” tables

of this release at (http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm). Users who access the data series via series report

or FTP can obtain a crosswalk to the new LABSTAT codes at (ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf/).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table C. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status,

sex, and age

2001 2002

Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...... 216,315 216,506 216,663 216,823 217,006 217,198 217,407 217,630 217,866 218,107 218,340 218,548 218,741

 Civilian labor force .............................. 144,379 143,826 144,510 144,367 144,763 144,911 144,852 144,786 145,123 145,634 145,393 145,180 145,150

 Participation rate ............................. 66.7 66.4 66.7 66.6 66.7 66.7 66.6 66.5 66.6 66.8 66.6 66.4 66.4

 Employed .......................................... 136,067 135,791 136,450 136,143 136,196 136,487 136,383 136,343 136,757 137,312 136,988 136,542 136,439

 Employment-population ratio .......... 62.9 62.7 63.0 62.8 62.8 62.8 62.7 62.6 62.8 63.0 62.7 62.5 62.4

 Unemployed ..................................... 8,312 8,035 8,060 8,224 8,567 8,424 8,469 8,443 8,366 8,321 8,405 8,637 8,711

 Unemployment rate ........................ 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...... 95,794 95,875 95,929 95,999 96,116 96,205 96,375 96,468 96,552 96,732 96,860 97,022 97,139

 Civilian labor force .............................. 73,283 73,111 73,269 73,307 73,525 73,766 73,689 73,670 73,802 74,108 73,883 73,770 73,744

 Participation rate ............................. 76.5 76.3 76.4 76.4 76.5 76.7 76.5 76.4 76.4 76.6 76.3 76.0 75.9

 Employed .......................................... 69,543 69,351 69,591 69,517 69,627 69,918 69,739 69,792 69,895 70,213 69,921 69,617 69,600

 Employment-population ratio .......... 72.6 72.3 72.5 72.4 72.4 72.7 72.4 72.3 72.4 72.6 72.2 71.8 71.6

 Unemployed ..................................... 3,740 3,760 3,678 3,789 3,898 3,848 3,950 3,879 3,906 3,895 3,962 4,153 4,145

 Unemployment rate ........................ 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...... 104,490 104,553 104,668 104,752 104,871 104,977 105,089 105,190 105,334 105,421 105,509 105,594 105,678

 Civilian labor force .............................. 63,381 63,093 63,603 63,314 63,616 63,551 63,556 63,534 63,760 63,858 63,975 63,921 64,036

 Participation rate ............................. 60.7 60.3 60.8 60.4 60.7 60.5 60.5 60.4 60.5 60.6 60.6 60.5 60.6

 Employed .......................................... 60,093 60,058 60,441 60,161 60,237 60,262 60,320 60,262 60,581 60,675 60,668 60,697 60,676

 Employment-population ratio .......... 57.5 57.4 57.7 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.3 57.5 57.6 57.5 57.5 57.4

 Unemployed ..................................... 3,288 3,035 3,163 3,153 3,379 3,289 3,236 3,272 3,180 3,184 3,308 3,224 3,360

 Unemployment rate ........................ 5.2 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...... 16,030 16,078 16,065 16,073 16,019 16,017 15,943 15,972 15,980 15,954 15,971 15,933 15,925

 Civilian labor force .............................. 7,715 7,623 7,637 7,746 7,622 7,594 7,607 7,581 7,561 7,667 7,535 7,489 7,369

 Participation rate ............................. 48.1 47.4 47.5 48.2 47.6 47.4 47.7 47.5 47.3 48.1 47.2 47.0 46.3

 Employed .......................................... 6,430 6,382 6,418 6,464 6,331 6,307 6,324 6,289 6,280 6,425 6,400 6,228 6,164

 Employment-population ratio .......... 40.1 39.7 40.0 40.2 39.5 39.4 39.7 39.4 39.3 40.3 40.1 39.1 38.7

 Unemployed ..................................... 1,285 1,241 1,219 1,282 1,290 1,287 1,283 1,292 1,280 1,243 1,135 1,261 1,206

 Unemployment rate ........................ 16.7 16.3 16.0 16.6 16.9 17.0 16.9 17.0 16.9 16.2 15.1 16.8 16.4

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

 NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through December

2002. Data also reflect the introduction of Census 2000-based population controls

into the household survey.
10

NAICS conversion. The nonfarm payroll series, produced from the Current Employment Statistics

(CES) program, will be converted from the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) basis to the 2002

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) basis with the June 6, 2003, release of May 2003

estimates. The NAICS conversion involves major definitional changes to many of the currently published

SIC-based series. After the conversion to NAICS, SIC-based series will no longer be produced or

published. Historical time series will be reconstructed as part of the NAICS conversion process. All

published series will have a NAICS-based history extending back to at least January 1990. For total

nonfarm and other high-level aggregates, NAICS history will begin in January 1939, the current starting date

for these series. For more detailed series, the starting date will vary depending on the scope of the

definitional changes between SIC and NAICS. The NAICS-based reconstruction effort will cover all CES

published data types: all employees, women workers, production workers, average weekly hours, average

hourly earnings, and derivative series (for example, indexes of aggregate weekly hours).

Completion of the CES sample redesign. June 6, 2003, also will mark the completion of the CES

sample redesign phase-in. The redesign converts the CES from a quota-based sample to a probability-based

sample. In June 2003, the services industries will be converted to the new sample design; all other private

sector industries have already been converted. The final stage of sample redesign phase-in may result in level

shifts for average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, production worker, and women worker series.

New levels for these series are being recomputed from the NAICS-based probability sample.

Concurrent seasonal adjustment. Also beginning in June 2003, the CES program will convert to

concurrent seasonal adjustment, which uses all available monthly estimates, including those for the current

month, in developing seasonal factors. Currently, the CES program projects seasonal factors twice a year.

With the introduction of concurrent seasonal adjustment, BLS will no longer publish seasonal factors for CES

national estimates.

Change to federal government series. Beginning in June 2003, the CES series for federal

government employment will be revised slightly in scope and definition due to a change in source data and

estimation methods. The current national series is an end-of-month federal employee count produced by the

Office of Personnel Management, and it excludes some workers, mostly employees who work in Department

of Defense-owned establishments such as military base commissaries. The CES national series will include

these workers. Also, federal government employment will be estimated from a sample of federal

establishments, will be benchmarked annually to counts from unemployment insurance tax records, and will

reflect employee counts as of the pay period including the 12th of the month, consistent with other CES

industry series. The historical time series for federal government employment will be revised to reflect these

changes.

Further information on upcoming changes to CES data series is available through the BLS public

database on the Internet, via the CES homepage at http://www.bls.gov/ces/, or by calling 202-691-6555.

Upcoming Changes to National Nonfarm Payroll Data Series
Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the

Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current

Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household

survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and

unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD

DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by

the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

The establishment survey provides the information on the

employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that

appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This

information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation

with State agencies. In June 2002, the sample included over 300,000

establishments employing about 37 million people.

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular

week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is

generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In

the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period

including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the

calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences

between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire

civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of

questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and

over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or

not in the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as

paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least

15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as

employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of

illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal

reasons.

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following

criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were

available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find

employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need

not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon

the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed

persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not

 in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed

as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the

labor force as a percent of the population, and the employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn

from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores,

as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on

nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing

sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and

establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among

the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the

employed. The establishment survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.

The establishment survey is not limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because

individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job.

In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job

and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation’s labor force and

the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or

expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and

closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very

large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of

the month-to-month changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern

each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by

adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make

nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or

increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to

spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force

each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place

relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of

students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for

the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change.

Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in

economic activity.

In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently

adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived

by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components;
this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained

by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons,

or more detailed age categories.

The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are

recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are

calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December

period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal

adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced

along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period.

In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are

subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather

than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent.

The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the

standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or

level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no

more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because

of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total

employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or

minus 290,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases

by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence

interval on the monthly change would range from -190,000 to 390,000

(100,000 +/- 290,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results

are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent

chance that the “true” over-the-month change lies within this interval.

Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with

confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the

reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within

the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this

case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise

had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 4 percent,

the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in

unemployment is about +/- 270,000, and for the monthly change in the

unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments

have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than

estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The

precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated

over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal

adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly

estimates.

The household and establishment surveys are also affected by

nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a

timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the

collection or processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most

recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for

this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is

only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly

all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered

final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment

survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment

generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation

of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as

bias adjustment is included in the survey’s estimating procedures,

whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly samplebased change. The size of the monthly bias adjustment is based largely

on past relationships between the sample-based estimates

of employment and the total counts of employment described

below.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are

adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll

employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March samplebased employment estimates and the March universe counts is known

as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey

error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for

total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from

zero to 0.7 percent.

Additional statistics and other information

More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and

Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per

issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check

or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by

charging to Mastercard or Visa.

Employment and Earnings also provides measures of

sampling error for the household survey data published in this

release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these

measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its “Explanatory Notes.”

Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the

establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that

publication.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired

individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message

referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Jan.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Jan.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 216,506 218,741 219,897 216,506 218,107 218,340 218,548 218,741 219,897

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 143,228 144,807 145,301 143,826 145,634 145,393 145,180 145,150 145,838

 Participation rate ............................................................... 66.2 66.2 66.1 66.4 66.8 66.6 66.4 66.4 66.3

 Employed .............................................................................. 134,177 136,599 135,907 135,791 137,312 136,988 136,542 136,439 137,536

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 62.0 62.4 61.8 62.7 63.0 62.7 62.5 62.4 62.5

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 9,051 8,209 9,395 8,035 8,321 8,405 8,637 8,711 8,302

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 6.3 5.7 6.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.7

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 73,278 73,934 74,596 72,679 72,473 72,947 73,369 73,591 74,059

 Persons who currently want a job ......................................... 4,938 4,227 4,779 4,836 4,702 4,542 4,727 4,546 4,676

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 104,030 105,195 105,767 104,030 104,863 104,985 105,094 105,195 105,767

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 76,519 77,197 77,306 76,977 78,013 77,727 77,618 77,492 77,693

 Participation rate ............................................................... 73.6 73.4 73.1 74.0 74.4 74.0 73.9 73.7 73.5

 Employed .............................................................................. 71,285 72,437 71,716 72,562 73,402 73,151 72,773 72,690 72,994

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 68.5 68.9 67.8 69.8 70.0 69.7 69.2 69.1 69.0

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 5,235 4,760 5,590 4,415 4,610 4,575 4,845 4,801 4,699

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 6.8 6.2 7.2 5.7 5.9 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.0

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 27,510 27,998 28,461 27,053 26,851 27,258 27,476 27,703 28,074

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 95,875 97,139 97,635 95,875 96,732 96,860 97,022 97,139 97,635

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 72,964 73,666 73,896 73,111 74,108 73,883 73,770 73,744 73,993

 Participation rate ............................................................... 76.1 75.8 75.7 76.3 76.6 76.3 76.0 75.9 75.8

 Employed .............................................................................. 68,408 69,503 69,001 69,351 70,213 69,921 69,617 69,600 69,967

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 71.4 71.6 70.7 72.3 72.6 72.2 71.8 71.6 71.7

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 4,556 4,163 4,895 3,760 3,895 3,962 4,153 4,145 4,026

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 6.2 5.7 6.6 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.4

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 22,911 23,473 23,739 22,765 22,623 22,977 23,252 23,394 23,642

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 112,476 113,546 114,130 112,476 113,243 113,355 113,455 113,546 114,130

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 66,708 67,610 67,995 66,850 67,621 67,667 67,562 67,658 68,144

 Participation rate ............................................................... 59.3 59.5 59.6 59.4 59.7 59.7 59.5 59.6 59.7

 Employed .............................................................................. 62,892 64,162 64,191 63,229 63,910 63,837 63,769 63,749 64,542

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 55.9 56.5 56.2 56.2 56.4 56.3 56.2 56.1 56.6

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 3,816 3,448 3,804 3,620 3,711 3,829 3,792 3,909 3,603

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.7 5.1 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.3

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 45,768 45,936 46,135 45,627 45,622 45,689 45,893 45,888 45,985

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 104,553 105,678 106,235 104,553 105,421 105,509 105,594 105,678 106,235

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 63,205 64,100 64,578 63,093 63,858 63,975 63,921 64,036 64,479

 Participation rate ............................................................... 60.5 60.7 60.8 60.3 60.6 60.6 60.5 60.6 60.7

 Employed .............................................................................. 59,927 61,103 61,294 60,058 60,675 60,668 60,697 60,676 61,443

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 57.3 57.8 57.7 57.4 57.6 57.5 57.5 57.4 57.8

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 3,278 2,997 3,284 3,035 3,184 3,308 3,224 3,360 3,035

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 5.2 4.7 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.2 4.7

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 41,348 41,578 41,657 41,459 41,563 41,533 41,673 41,642 41,757

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 16,078 15,925 16,027 16,078 15,954 15,971 15,933 15,925 16,027

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 7,059 7,041 6,828 7,623 7,667 7,535 7,489 7,369 7,366

 Participation rate ............................................................... 43.9 44.2 42.6 47.4 48.1 47.2 47.0 46.3 46.0

 Employed .............................................................................. 5,843 5,992 5,612 6,382 6,425 6,400 6,228 6,164 6,125

 Employment-population ratio ............................................ 36.3 37.6 35.0 39.7 40.3 40.1 39.1 38.7 38.2

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,216 1,049 1,216 1,241 1,243 1,135 1,261 1,206 1,241

 Unemployment rate .......................................................... 17.2 14.9 17.8 16.3 16.2 15.1 16.8 16.4 16.8

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 9,019 8,884 9,200 8,455 8,287 8,436 8,444 8,555 8,661

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical

numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

 NOTE: All data have been revised back to January 2000 to reflect the introduction of

Census 2000-based population controls into the household survey. Beginning in January

2003, data also reflect an additional upward adjustment to population controls and other

changes to the survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised back to January

1998 based on the experience through December 2002. See the note beginning on page

5 for additional information.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Jan.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Jan.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

WHITE 2

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 179,079 180,580 180,460 179,079 180,146 180,306 180,450 180,580 180,460

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 119,052 119,779 119,712 119,474 120,502 120,479 120,345 120,093 120,084

 Participation rate ................................................................. 66.5 66.3 66.3 66.7 66.9 66.8 66.7 66.5 66.5

 Employed .............................................................................. 112,188 113,916 112,735 113,459 114,373 114,294 114,128 113,910 113,995

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 62.6 63.1 62.5 63.4 63.5 63.4 63.2 63.1 63.2

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 6,865 5,864 6,978 6,015 6,129 6,184 6,218 6,184 6,089

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 5.8 4.9 5.8 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.1

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 60,027 60,801 60,748 59,605 59,644 59,828 60,104 60,487 60,376

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 61,565 62,007 61,915 61,690 62,298 62,243 62,229 62,112 62,003

 Participation rate ................................................................. 76.5 76.2 76.0 76.6 76.8 76.6 76.6 76.3 76.2

 Employed .............................................................................. 58,002 58,914 58,164 58,823 59,328 59,246 59,127 59,053 58,994

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 72.0 72.4 71.4 73.0 73.1 73.0 72.7 72.6 72.5

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 3,564 3,093 3,752 2,868 2,970 2,997 3,102 3,059 3,009

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 5.8 5.0 6.1 4.6 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.9

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 51,527 51,814 52,078 51,345 51,817 51,909 51,785 51,752 51,909

 Participation rate ................................................................. 60.0 59.8 60.2 59.7 60.0 60.0 59.8 59.7 60.0

 Employed .............................................................................. 49,161 49,790 49,783 49,145 49,563 49,601 49,586 49,488 49,768

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 57.2 57.5 57.5 57.2 57.3 57.3 57.3 57.1 57.5

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 2,366 2,024 2,295 2,201 2,255 2,308 2,199 2,264 2,141

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 4.6 3.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 5,960 5,959 5,719 6,439 6,387 6,328 6,332 6,230 6,172

 Participation rate ................................................................. 47.3 47.3 45.8 51.1 50.7 50.2 50.3 49.4 49.4

 Employed .............................................................................. 5,025 5,212 4,788 5,492 5,482 5,448 5,415 5,369 5,232

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 39.9 41.4 38.3 43.6 43.5 43.3 43.0 42.6 41.9

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 935 747 930 947 905 880 917 861 940

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 15.7 12.5 16.3 14.7 14.2 13.9 14.5 13.8 15.2

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 2

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 25,383 25,784 25,484 25,383 25,675 25,717 25,751 25,784 25,484

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 16,337 16,736 16,270 16,463 16,789 16,682 16,540 16,706 16,374

 Participation rate ................................................................. 64.4 64.9 63.8 64.9 65.4 64.9 64.2 64.8 64.3

 Employed .............................................................................. 14,658 14,951 14,496 14,849 15,148 15,027 14,754 14,827 14,684

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 57.7 58.0 56.9 58.5 59.0 58.4 57.3 57.5 57.6

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,679 1,785 1,774 1,614 1,641 1,656 1,786 1,879 1,690

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 10.3 10.7 10.9 9.8 9.8 9.9 10.8 11.2 10.3

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 9,046 9,048 9,214 8,921 8,886 9,034 9,211 9,078 9,110

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 7,336 7,338 7,258 7,330 7,466 7,413 7,250 7,311 7,233

 Participation rate ................................................................. 72.6 71.3 71.3 72.5 72.9 72.2 70.5 71.0 71.0

 Employed .............................................................................. 6,612 6,550 6,419 6,687 6,762 6,682 6,480 6,543 6,489

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 65.4 63.6 63.0 66.2 66.0 65.1 63.0 63.6 63.7

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 724 788 840 643 704 731 770 768 744

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 9.9 10.7 11.6 8.8 9.4 9.9 10.6 10.5 10.3

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 8,244 8,573 8,299 8,273 8,422 8,390 8,442 8,540 8,327

 Participation rate ................................................................. 64.0 65.6 64.2 64.3 64.7 64.4 64.7 65.4 64.4

 Employed .............................................................................. 7,517 7,826 7,575 7,570 7,737 7,676 7,685 7,712 7,629

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 58.4 59.9 58.6 58.8 59.5 58.9 58.9 59.0 59.0

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 727 747 724 703 685 715 757 827 698

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 8.8 8.7 8.7 8.5 8.1 8.5 9.0 9.7 8.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 757 826 712 860 901 879 849 855 813

 Participation rate ................................................................. 31.5 34.0 30.1 35.7 37.2 36.3 35.0 35.2 34.4

 Employed .............................................................................. 529 575 503 593 649 669 590 571 566

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 22.0 23.7 21.3 24.6 26.8 27.6 24.3 23.5 23.9

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 229 250 210 267 252 210 259 284 247

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 30.2 30.3 29.4 31.1 28.0 23.9 30.5 33.2 30.4

ASIAN 2

Civilian noninstutional population ............................................. 9,725 9,980 8,992 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 6,408 6,720 6,036 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Participation rate ................................................................. 65.9 67.3 67.1 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Employed .............................................................................. 6,050 6,322 5,698 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 62.2 63.3 63.4 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 358 398 338 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 5.6 5.9 5.6 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 3,317 3,260 2,956 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical

numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected

more than one race group are excluded. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than

one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. See the note

beginning on page 5 for additional information. 3 Data not available.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1

because data are not presented for all races. All data have been revised back to January

2000 to reflect the introduction of Census 2000-based population controls into the

household survey. Beginning in January 2003, data also reflect an additional upward

adjustment to population controls and other changes to the survey. Seasonally adjusted

data have been revised back to January 1998 based on the experience through

December 2002. See the note beginning on page 5 for additional information.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Jan.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Jan.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... 25,493 26,436 26,994 25,493 26,184 26,272 26,355 26,436 26,994

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 17,594 18,148 18,540 17,667 18,103 18,049 18,169 18,134 18,614

 Participation rate ................................................................. 69.0 68.6 68.7 69.3 69.1 68.7 68.9 68.6 69.0

 Employed .............................................................................. 16,071 16,713 16,908 16,300 16,739 16,637 16,755 16,708 17,155

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 63.0 63.2 62.6 63.9 63.9 63.3 63.6 63.2 63.5

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 1,523 1,435 1,632 1,368 1,363 1,412 1,414 1,425 1,459

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 8.7 7.9 8.8 7.7 7.5 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.8

 Not in labor force .................................................................... 7,899 8,288 8,454 7,826 8,082 8,223 8,186 8,303 8,380

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 9,754 10,170 10,488 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ................................................................. 83.5 83.5 83.8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .............................................................................. 9,013 9,422 9,703 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 77.2 77.4 77.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 741 747 785 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 7.6 7.3 7.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 6,764 6,938 7,110 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ................................................................. 59.8 59.1 59.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .............................................................................. 6,196 6,437 6,509 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 54.8 54.8 54.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 569 501 601 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 8.4 7.2 8.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force .................................................................. 1,076 1,040 943 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ................................................................. 42.9 41.5 37.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .............................................................................. 863 853 696 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .............................................. 34.4 34.0 27.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ......................................................................... 213 187 247 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate ............................................................ 19.8 18.0 26.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical

numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. 

All data have been revised back to January 2000 to reflect the introduction of Census

2000-based population controls into the household survey. Beginning in January 2003,

data also reflect an additional upward adjustment to population controls and other

changes to the survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised back to January

1998 based on the experience through December 2002. See the note beginning on page

5 for additional information.

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

(Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Jan.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force .................................................................... 12,712 12,546 12,631 12,619 12,381 12,461 12,541 12,607 12,542

 Participation rate ................................................................... 43.9 44.4 44.0 43.6 44.6 44.9 44.9 44.6 43.7

 Employed ................................................................................ 11,445 11,326 11,305 11,597 11,404 11,375 11,417 11,470 11,471

 Employment-population ratio ................................................ 39.5 40.1 39.4 40.0 41.1 40.9 40.9 40.6 40.0

 Unemployed ........................................................................... 1,267 1,220 1,326 1,022 977 1,086 1,124 1,136 1,071

 Unemployment rate .............................................................. 10.0 9.7 10.5 8.1 7.9 8.7 9.0 9.0 8.5

High school graduates, no college 1

Civilian labor force .................................................................... 37,861 38,064 38,224 37,463 38,198 37,966 37,967 37,797 37,856

 Participation rate ................................................................... 64.4 64.0 64.1 63.7 64.3 64.0 63.5 63.6 63.5

 Employed ................................................................................ 35,530 36,085 35,895 35,522 36,286 36,090 35,963 35,775 35,923

 Employment-population ratio ................................................ 60.4 60.7 60.2 60.4 61.0 60.9 60.2 60.2 60.2

 Unemployed ........................................................................... 2,331 1,979 2,330 1,940 1,912 1,876 2,004 2,021 1,933

 Unemployment rate .............................................................. 6.2 5.2 6.1 5.2 5.0 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.1

Less than a bachelor's degree 2

Civilian labor force .................................................................... 33,541 34,028 34,100 33,671 33,818 33,884 33,890 33,831 34,186

 Participation rate ................................................................... 73.4 72.8 73.1 73.6 73.5 72.8 72.7 72.4 73.3

 Employed ................................................................................ 31,993 32,439 32,343 32,235 32,266 32,299 32,260 32,154 32,556

 Employment-population ratio ................................................ 70.0 69.4 69.3 70.5 70.1 69.4 69.2 68.8 69.8

 Unemployed ........................................................................... 1,548 1,588 1,756 1,436 1,552 1,585 1,630 1,677 1,630

 Unemployment rate .............................................................. 4.6 4.7 5.2 4.3 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.8

Bachelor's degree and higher 3

Civilian labor force .................................................................... 37,706 38,401 38,787 37,705 38,664 38,622 38,476 38,652 38,778

 Participation rate ................................................................... 78.9 78.7 78.8 78.9 78.2 78.5 79.0 79.2 78.8

 Employed ................................................................................ 36,557 37,354 37,553 36,630 37,536 37,458 37,344 37,530 37,626

 Employment-population ratio ................................................ 76.5 76.6 76.3 76.7 75.9 76.1 76.6 76.9 76.4

 Unemployed ........................................................................... 1,149 1,047 1,234 1,075 1,128 1,165 1,132 1,121 1,152

 Unemployment rate .............................................................. 3.0 2.7 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0

1 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. 3 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. 

 NOTE: All data have been revised back to January 2000 to reflect the introduction of

Census 2000-based population controls into the household survey. Beginning in January

2003, data also reflect an additional upward adjustment to population controls and other

changes to the survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised back to January

1998 based on the experience through December 2002. See the note beginning on page

5 for additional information.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

(In thousands)

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Jan.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries ............................................. 2,182 2,144 2,134 2,373 2,315 2,483 2,314 2,342 2,314

 Wage and salary workers ....................................................... 1,160 1,141 1,091 1,274 1,310 1,394 1,219 1,260 1,195

 Self-employed workers ........................................................... 990 976 1,014 1,052 974 1,040 1,060 1,038 1,071

 Unpaid family workers ............................................................ 31 28 29 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Nonagricultural industries ......................................................... 131,995 134,454 133,773 133,339 134,979 134,537 134,206 134,080 135,142

 Wage and salary workers ....................................................... 123,395 125,206 124,501 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Government .......................................................................... 19,393 19,660 19,924 19,306 19,746 19,692 19,647 19,551 19,868

 Private industries .................................................................. 104,002 105,546 104,578 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Private households ............................................................. 763 729 692 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Other industries .................................................................. 103,239 104,817 103,886 104,526 105,259 104,947 104,365 104,673 105,192

 Self-employed workers ........................................................... 8,486 9,170 9,216 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unpaid family workers ............................................................ 114 78 56 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 3

All industries:

 Part time for economic reasons .............................................. 4,564 4,385 5,135 4,122 4,356 4,343 4,329 4,273 4,643

 Slack work or business conditions ........................................ 3,149 3,023 3,566 2,661 2,814 2,888 2,855 2,893 3,027

 Could only find part-time work .............................................. 1,056 1,084 1,245 1,098 1,177 1,133 1,159 1,110 1,297

 Part time for noneconomic reasons ........................................ 18,684 19,704 19,374 18,606 18,928 18,685 18,727 18,555 19,314

Nonagricultural industries:

 Part time for economic reasons .............................................. 4,453 4,278 5,003 3,998 4,266 4,274 4,272 4,219 4,496

 Slack work or business conditions ........................................ 3,094 2,961 3,494 2,599 2,755 2,857 2,816 2,854 2,947

 Could only find part-time work .............................................. 1,045 1,069 1,224 1,084 1,172 1,122 1,158 1,097 1,267

 Part time for noneconomic reasons ........................................ 18,294 19,332 19,005 18,246 18,555 18,347 18,361 18,197 18,984

1 Data not available. 2 Data not currently available due to an editing error when reconstructing revised

series. 3 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during

the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part

time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked

only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and

bad weather.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily

add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 

Industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census industry classification system

derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System into the Current

Population Survey. All data have been revised back to January 2000 to reflect the

introduction of Census 2000-based population controls into the household survey. 

Beginning in January 2003, data also reflect an additional upward adjustment to

population controls and other changes to the survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been

revised back to January 1998 based on the experience through December 2002. See the

note beginning on page 5 for additional information.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Selected employment indicators

(In thousands)

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Jan.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Total, 16 years and over ........................................................... 134,177 136,599 135,907 135,791 137,312 136,988 136,542 136,439 137,536

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 5,843 5,992 5,612 6,382 6,425 6,400 6,228 6,164 6,125

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 2,045 2,164 2,138 2,333 2,358 2,347 2,256 2,258 2,446

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 3,797 3,828 3,473 4,046 4,060 4,045 3,960 3,921 3,694

 20 years and over ................................................................... 128,334 130,606 130,295 129,409 130,888 130,589 130,314 130,275 131,410

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 12,811 13,402 13,200 13,167 13,432 13,303 13,387 13,372 13,568

 25 years and over ................................................................. 115,524 117,205 117,095 116,286 117,406 117,271 116,856 116,892 117,876

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 96,313 96,767 96,361 96,902 97,025 96,840 96,356 96,491 96,957

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 29,989 30,236 30,025 30,319 30,365 30,323 29,961 30,139 30,369

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 35,367 34,993 34,955 35,550 35,160 35,005 34,973 34,942 35,125

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 30,957 31,538 31,382 31,033 31,500 31,512 31,422 31,411 31,463

 55 years and over ............................................................... 19,211 20,437 20,734 19,385 20,381 20,430 20,499 20,400 20,918

Men, 16 years and over ............................................................ 71,285 72,437 71,716 72,562 73,402 73,151 72,773 72,690 72,994

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 2,877 2,933 2,715 3,211 3,189 3,230 3,156 3,091 3,027

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 940 1,017 1,002 1,125 1,134 1,142 1,113 1,102 1,203

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 1,937 1,916 1,713 2,085 2,055 2,081 2,040 1,986 1,838

 20 years and over ................................................................... 68,408 69,503 69,001 69,351 70,213 69,921 69,617 69,600 69,967

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 6,620 6,987 6,936 6,857 7,050 6,975 7,014 7,024 7,183

 25 years and over ................................................................. 61,788 62,516 62,066 62,525 63,077 62,938 62,562 62,579 62,814

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 51,372 51,524 51,073 51,980 52,066 51,873 51,569 51,566 51,687

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 16,399 16,465 16,284 16,635 16,614 16,569 16,384 16,445 16,528

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 18,857 18,708 18,624 19,063 18,953 18,804 18,748 18,749 18,824

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 16,117 16,351 16,165 16,282 16,499 16,500 16,437 16,371 16,334

 55 years and over ............................................................... 10,416 10,993 10,993 10,544 11,012 11,065 10,993 11,013 11,127

Women, 16 years and over ...................................................... 62,892 64,162 64,191 63,229 63,910 63,837 63,769 63,749 64,542

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 2,966 3,059 2,897 3,171 3,235 3,169 3,072 3,073 3,098

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 1,105 1,148 1,137 1,209 1,224 1,204 1,143 1,156 1,243

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 1,860 1,912 1,760 1,961 2,005 1,964 1,921 1,935 1,856

 20 years and over ................................................................... 59,927 61,103 61,294 60,058 60,675 60,668 60,697 60,676 61,443

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 6,191 6,415 6,264 6,310 6,382 6,328 6,373 6,348 6,385

 25 years and over ................................................................. 53,735 54,688 55,030 53,762 54,328 54,332 54,293 54,313 55,062

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 44,941 45,244 45,289 44,922 44,959 44,967 44,787 44,926 45,270

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 13,591 13,771 13,741 13,684 13,751 13,754 13,577 13,693 13,841

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 16,510 16,285 16,331 16,487 16,207 16,201 16,225 16,193 16,301

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 14,840 15,187 15,216 14,751 15,001 15,012 14,985 15,039 15,129

 55 years and over ............................................................... 8,795 9,444 9,741 8,840 9,369 9,365 9,506 9,387 9,792

Married men, spouse present ................................................... 43,380 44,070 43,964 43,804 44,129 44,245 44,093 44,005 44,401

Married women, spouse present .............................................. 34,001 34,432 34,706 33,820 34,479 34,322 34,264 34,189 34,525

Women who maintain families .................................................. 8,411 8,644 8,577 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Full-time workers 2 ................................................................... 110,705 112,108 111,077 112,530 113,375 113,458 112,828 112,856 112,823

Part-time workers 3 ................................................................... 23,472 24,491 24,830 23,068 23,901 23,635 23,765 23,629 24,400

1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per

week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per

week.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily

add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. All

data have been revised back to January 2000 to reflect the introduction of Census

2000-based population controls into the household survey. Beginning in January 2003,

data also reflect an additional upward adjustment to population controls and other

changes to the survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised back to January

1998 based on the experience through December 2002. See the note beginning on page

5 for additional information.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates 1

Jan.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Jan.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Total, 16 years and over ........................................................... 8,035 8,711 8,302 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.7

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 1,241 1,206 1,241 16.3 16.2 15.1 16.8 16.4 16.8

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 525 481 546 18.4 19.4 16.2 19.4 17.6 18.3

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 714 718 697 15.0 14.0 14.3 15.3 15.5 15.9

 20 years and over ................................................................... 6,795 7,505 7,061 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.1

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 1,401 1,444 1,392 9.6 9.6 10.1 9.8 9.7 9.3

 25 years and over ................................................................. 5,394 5,924 5,675 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.6

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 4,738 5,084 4,833 4.7 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.0 4.7

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 1,859 1,980 1,921 5.8 5.8 5.8 6.2 6.2 5.9

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 1,663 1,747 1,657 4.5 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.5

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 1,216 1,356 1,256 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.8

 55 years and over ............................................................... 704 892 890 3.5 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.2 4.1

Men, 16 years and over ............................................................ 4,415 4,801 4,699 5.7 5.9 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.0

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 655 657 673 16.9 18.3 16.0 18.0 17.5 18.2

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 285 251 287 20.2 21.5 17.2 21.2 18.5 19.3

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 376 398 392 15.3 16.3 15.2 16.1 16.7 17.6

 20 years and over ................................................................... 3,760 4,145 4,026 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.6 5.4

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 792 796 775 10.4 10.5 10.4 10.2 10.2 9.7

 25 years and over ................................................................. 2,969 3,309 3,256 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.0 4.9

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 2,547 2,803 2,748 4.7 4.7 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.0

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 988 1,067 1,091 5.6 5.7 5.8 6.3 6.1 6.2

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 882 939 932 4.4 4.5 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.7

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 677 797 725 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.2

 55 years and over ............................................................... 422 505 507 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.4 4.4

Women, 16 years and over ...................................................... 3,620 3,909 3,603 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.3

 16 to 19 years ......................................................................... 586 549 567 15.6 14.0 14.1 15.6 15.2 15.5

 16 to 17 years ....................................................................... 240 231 259 16.5 17.4 15.2 17.4 16.6 17.3

 18 to 19 years ....................................................................... 338 319 304 14.7 11.5 13.3 14.4 14.2 14.1

 20 years and over ................................................................... 3,035 3,360 3,035 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.0 5.2 4.7

 20 to 24 years ....................................................................... 609 648 617 8.8 8.7 9.8 9.4 9.3 8.8

 25 years and over ................................................................. 2,425 2,615 2,420 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.2

 25 to 54 years ..................................................................... 2,191 2,280 2,085 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.4

 25 to 34 years ................................................................... 871 913 830 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.9 6.3 5.7

 35 to 44 years ................................................................... 781 808 725 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.3

 45 to 54 years ................................................................... 539 559 531 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.4

 55 years and over 2 ............................................................ 305 372 413 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.8 4.1

Married men, spouse present ................................................... 1,570 1,706 1,622 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5

Married women, spouse present .............................................. 1,209 1,348 1,176 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.3

Women who maintain families 2 ............................................... 754 741 746 8.2 7.0 7.7 8.0 7.9 8.0

Full-time workers 3 ................................................................... 6,776 7,348 6,940 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.1 5.8

Part-time workers 4 ................................................................... 1,275 1,331 1,380 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.4

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full

time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work

part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

 NOTE: Detail shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. All data have been revised back

to January 2000 to reflect the introduction of Census 2000-based population controls into

the household survey. Beginning in January 2003, data also reflect an additional upward

adjustment to population controls and other changes to the survey. Seasonally adjusted

data have been revised back to January 1998 based on the experience through

December 2002. See the note beginning on page 5 for additional information.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Jan.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs .......... 5,449 4,849 5,641 4,418 4,608 4,828 4,833 4,863 4,583

 On temporary layoff ................................................................ 1,794 1,205 1,698 1,143 1,044 1,098 1,069 1,110 1,080

 Not on temporary layoff .......................................................... 3,655 3,644 3,943 3,274 3,565 3,729 3,764 3,753 3,503

 Permanent job losers ............................................................ 2,796 2,796 2,884 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Persons who completed temporary jobs .............................. 860 848 1,059 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Job leavers ............................................................................... 893 790 841 880 808 850 834 862 825

Reentrants ................................................................................ 2,288 2,157 2,392 2,235 2,321 2,386 2,394 2,462 2,331

New entrants ............................................................................ 421 412 521 495 542 494 586 534 616

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ......... 60.2 59.1 60.0 55.0 55.7 56.4 55.9 55.8 54.9

 On temporary layoff ............................................................... 19.8 14.7 18.1 14.2 12.6 12.8 12.4 12.7 12.9

 Not on temporary layoff ......................................................... 40.4 44.4 42.0 40.8 43.1 43.6 43.5 43.0 41.9

 Job leavers .............................................................................. 9.9 9.6 9.0 11.0 9.8 9.9 9.6 9.9 9.9

 Reentrants ............................................................................... 25.3 26.3 25.5 27.8 28.0 27.9 27.7 28.2 27.9

 New entrants ........................................................................... 4.7 5.0 5.5 6.2 6.5 5.8 6.8 6.1 7.4

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ......... 3.8 3.3 3.9 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.1

 Job leavers .............................................................................. .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6

 Reentrants ............................................................................... 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6

 New entrants ........................................................................... .3 .3 .4 .3 .4 .3 .4 .4 .4

1 Data not available.

 NOTE: All data have been revised back to January 2000 to reflect the introduction of

Census 2000-based population controls into the household survey. Beginning in January

2003, data also reflect an additional upward adjustment to population controls and other

changes to the survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised back to January

1998 based on the experience through December 2002. See the note beginning on page

5 for additional information.

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Jan.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks .................................................................... 3,522 2,514 3,269 2,991 2,782 2,797 2,912 2,860 2,772

5 to 14 weeks ........................................................................... 2,831 2,581 2,806 2,604 2,558 2,515 2,532 2,547 2,577

15 weeks and over ................................................................... 2,698 3,113 3,320 2,561 3,019 3,099 3,143 3,296 3,140

 15 to 26 weeks ...................................................................... 1,447 1,248 1,492 1,409 1,359 1,374 1,317 1,392 1,457

 27 weeks and over ................................................................ 1,251 1,865 1,828 1,152 1,660 1,724 1,826 1,904 1,683

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .......................................... 14.1 18.8 17.8 14.6 17.8 17.6 17.9 18.4 18.4

Median duration, in weeks ........................................................ 8.1 9.7 9.3 8.5 9.5 9.6 9.4 9.6 9.8

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Less than 5 weeks .................................................................. 38.9 30.6 34.8 36.7 33.3 33.2 33.9 32.9 32.6

 5 to 14 weeks ......................................................................... 31.3 31.4 29.9 31.9 30.6 29.9 29.5 29.3 30.4

 15 weeks and over ................................................................. 29.8 37.9 35.3 31.4 36.1 36.8 36.6 37.9 37.0

 15 to 26 weeks ..................................................................... 16.0 15.2 15.9 17.3 16.3 16.3 15.3 16.0 17.2

 27 weeks and over ............................................................... 13.8 22.7 19.5 14.1 19.9 20.5 21.3 21.9 19.8

 NOTE: All data have been revised back to January 2000 to reflect the introduction of

Census 2000-based population controls into the household survey. Beginning in January

2003, data also reflect an additional upward adjustment to population controls and other

changes to the survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised back to January

1998 based on the experience through December 2002. See the note beginning on page

5 for additional information.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2002

Jan.

2003

Jan.

2002

Jan.

2003

Jan.

2002

Jan.

2003

 Total, 16 years and over 1 .......................................................................... 134,177 135,907 9,051 9,395 6.3 6.5

Management, professional, and related occupations ............................... 46,795 47,715 1,479 1,603 3.1 3.2

 Management, business, and financial operations occupations ............ 19,778 19,746 636 673 3.1 3.3

 Professional and related occupations ........................................................ 27,017 27,969 843 929 3.0 3.2

Service occupations .......................................................................................... 20,770 21,593 1,637 1,730 7.3 7.4

Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... 35,314 35,375 2,098 2,073 5.6 5.5

 Sales and related occupations ..................................................................... 15,559 15,974 913 992 5.5 5.8

 Office and administrative support occupations ........................................ 19,756 19,401 1,185 1,080 5.7 5.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ........... 13,021 13,402 1,558 1,674 10.7 11.1

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................................... 921 889 192 145 17.2 14.0

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... 7,623 7,505 1,125 1,216 12.9 13.9

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .................................. 4,477 5,009 240 313 5.1 5.9

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ................ 18,276 17,821 1,844 1,767 9.2 9.0

 Production occupations .................................................................................. 10,226 9,726 982 915 8.8 8.6

 Transportation and material moving occupations .................................... 8,050 8,095 862 852 9.7 9.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed

Forces are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Occupations reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census occupation classification

system derived from the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification system into the Current

Population Survey. Data are based on Census 2000-based population controls. Beginning in

January 2003, data also reflect an additional upward adjustment to population controls and

other changes to the survey. See the note beginning on page 5 for additional information.

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry, not seasonally adjusted

Industry

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Jan.

2002 1

Jan.

2003

Jan.

2002

Jan.

2003

 Total, 16 years and over 2 ....................................................................... 9,051 9,395 6.3 6.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers ...................................... 7,686 7,820 6.9 7.0

 Mining ................................................................................................................. 33 54 7.0 9.0

 Construction ...................................................................................................... 1,211 1,196 13.6 14.0

 Manufacturing ................................................................................................... 1,377 1,302 7.4 7.2

 Durable goods ................................................................................................ 918 896 7.9 7.8

 Nondurable goods ......................................................................................... 459 406 6.7 6.1

 Wholesale and retail trade ............................................................................ 1,212 1,342 6.3 6.7

 Transportation and utilities ............................................................................ 368 331 6.6 6.3

 Information ........................................................................................................ 255 243 7.1 6.7

 Financial activities ........................................................................................... 267 327 3.0 3.6

 Professional and business services ............................................................ 1,120 1,112 8.9 8.9

 Education and health services ..................................................................... 586 559 3.5 3.2

 Leisure and hospitality ................................................................................... 947 1,049 8.6 9.3

 Other services .................................................................................................. 304 304 5.1 5.3

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ........................ 195 159 14.8 13.2

Government workers ......................................................................................... 486 571 2.4 2.8

Self employed and unpaid family workers ................................................... 263 324 2.7 3.0

1 Industry detail will not sum to total because of minor changes in the industry

classification system between 2002 and 2003. 2 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census industry classification system

derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System into the Current

Population Survey. Data are based on Census 2000-based population controls. Beginning

in January 2003, data also reflect an additional upward adjustment to population controls

and other changes to the survey. See the note beginning on page 5 for additional

information.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

(Percent)

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

Jan.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002

Jan.

2003

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian 

labor force ............................................................................................................................. 1.9 2.1 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the 

civilian labor force ................................................................................................................. 3.8 3.3 3.9 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.1

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force

(official unemployment rate) ............................................................................................. 6.3 5.7 6.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian

 labor force plus discouraged workers .................................................................................. 6.5 5.9 6.8 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally

 attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally

 attached workers ................................................................................................................. 7.3 6.6 7.5 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed

 part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

 all marginally attached workers ........................................................................................... 10.5 9.6 11.0 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

1 Data not available.

 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor

looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for

work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,

have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed

part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but

have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new

range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly

Labor Review. All data have been revised back to January 2000 to reflect the introduction of

Census 2000-based population controls into the household survey. Beginning in January

2003, data also reflect an additional upward adjustment to population controls and other

changes to the survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised back to January 1998

based on the experience through December 2002. See the note beginning on page 5 for

additional information.

Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Total Men Women

Jan.

2002

Jan.

2003

Jan.

2002

Jan.

2003

Jan.

2002

Jan.

2003

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force ............................................................................ 73,278 74,596 27,510 28,461 45,768 46,135

 Persons who currently want a job ............................................................... 4,938 4,779 2,173 2,209 2,766 2,570

Searched for work and available to work now 1 ..................................... 1,532 1,598 762 808 771 790

 Reason not currently looking:

 Discouragement over job prospects 2 ......................................... 328 449 206 243 122 205

 Reasons other than discouragement 3 ........................................ 1,205 1,149 556 564 649 584

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders 4 ............................................................................ 7,018 7,180 3,672 3,519 3,347 3,662

 Percent of total employed ......................................................................... 5.2 5.3 5.2 4.9 5.3 5.7

 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ........................................... 3,881 3,844 2,214 2,153 1,667 1,692

 Primary and secondary jobs both part time .............................................. 1,522 1,600 484 417 1,039 1,182

 Primary and secondary jobs both full time ................................................ 226 231 146 155 80 76

 Hours vary on primary or secondary job ................................................... 1,367 1,465 819 772 549 693

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and

were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training,

employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such

reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which

reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their

secondary job(s), not shown separately.

 NOTE: All data have been revised back to January 2000 to reflect the introduction of

Census 2000-based population controls into the household survey. Beginning in January

2003, data also reflect an additional upward adjustment to population controls and other

changes to the survey. See note beginning on page 5 for additional information.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002p Jan.2003p Jan.2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002p Jan.2003p

Total .................................................. 128,833 131,850 131,457 128,735 130,871 130,829 130,898 130,817 130,661 130,804

Total private ............................................ 107,783 110,026 109,751 107,455 109,734 109,536 109,549 109,453 109,299 109,438

Goods-producing .................................................. 23,574 23,763 23,479 23,006 24,130 23,748 23,688 23,631 23,557 23,557

Mining ............................................................... 556 554 551 537 568 552 552 551 554 549

Metal mining ................................................. 32.3 31.9 31.9 30.9 33 32 32 32 32 31

Coal mining ................................................... 82.3 78.6 78.3 76.7 82 79 78 78 78 76

Oil and gas extraction ................................... 338.8 331.9 335.0 331.1 342 330 331 332 336 335

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ............... 102.9 111.4 105.5 98.7 111 111 111 109 108 107

Construction ..................................................... 6,174 6,649 6,451 6,128 6,615 6,556 6,544 6,543 6,546 6,567

General building contractors ......................... 1,391.8 1,493.5 1,466.6 1,405.6 1,459 1,469 1,475 1,480 1,475 1,472

Heavy construction, except building ............. 792.3 913.5 843.1 765.8 919 898 893 885 880 892

Special trade contractors .............................. 3,989.6 4,241.6 4,141.0 3,956.2 4,237 4,189 4,176 4,178 4,191 4,203

Manufacturing ................................................... 16,844 16,560 16,477 16,341 16,947 16,640 16,592 16,537 16,457 16,441

Production workers ................................... 11,267 11,115 11,042 10,943 11,362 11,164 11,134 11,088 11,032 11,041

Durable goods ................................................ 10,022 9,759 9,717 9,633 10,070 9,832 9,800 9,757 9,700 9,689

Production workers ................................... 6,643 6,496 6,459 6,395 6,690 6,539 6,522 6,487 6,447 6,454

Lumber and wood products .......................... 757.5 763.5 757.5 746.4 771 764 764 761 759 761

Furniture and fixtures .................................... 489.8 482.9 478.3 474.8 492 488 488 486 480 479

Stone, clay, and glass products .................... 536.8 560.2 550.6 535.4 555 558 557 556 553 556

Primary metal industries ............................... 606.2 582.8 581.1 578.9 607 586 582 582 579 580

Blast furnaces and basic steel products ... 190.4 186.5 186.9 184.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)

Fabricated metal products ............................ 1,424.8 1,402.1 1,397.1 1,385.3 1,427 1,412 1,409 1,400 1,392 1,389

Industrial machinery and equipment ............. 1,870.5 1,782.9 1,780.3 1,769.6 1,868 1,801 1,797 1,790 1,780 1,771

Computer and office equipment ............... 318.2 291.9 291.1 288.8 317 296 295 293 291 289

Electronic and other electrical equipment ..... 1,479.1 1,366.9 1,363.8 1,352.4 1,478 1,392 1,381 1,368 1,360 1,351

Electronic components and accessories .. 586.5 535.5 532.7 528.7 582 550 544 536 531 528

Transportation equipment ............................. 1,670.1 1,652.1 1,648.9 1,634.0 1,680 1,661 1,659 1,648 1,639 1,641

Motor vehicles and equipment .................. 895.0 911.8 910.1 899.8 902 912 914 909 900 911

Aircraft and parts ...................................... 436.3 395.0 393.7 387.9 437 400 396 392 392 389

Instruments and related products ................. 816.9 789.0 788.6 791.9 818 798 793 792 789 793

Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 370.3 377.0 370.9 364.1 374 372 370 374 369 368

Nondurable goods .......................................... 6,822 6,801 6,760 6,708 6,877 6,808 6,792 6,780 6,757 6,752

Production workers ................................... 4,624 4,619 4,583 4,548 4,672 4,625 4,612 4,601 4,585 4,587

Food and kindred products ........................... 1,659.2 1,696.9 1,682.8 1,670.7 1,686 1,694 1,690 1,687 1,689 1,692

Tobacco products ......................................... 34.8 37.9 37.4 35.7 34 37 37 36 36 35

Textile mill products ...................................... 440.1 422.5 422.1 419.8 444 426 426 422 422 421

Apparel and other textile products ................ 525.9 512.1 503.7 495.9 536 516 510 509 506 503

Paper and allied products ............................. 621.4 613.6 611.1 606.8 622 612 614 613 608 608

Printing and publishing ................................. 1,434.5 1,406.3 1,404.3 1,392.1 1,437 1,403 1,401 1,400 1,394 1,393

Chemicals and allied products ...................... 1,005.1 1,007.0 1,005.7 998.9 1,008 1,010 1,006 1,007 1,007 1,003

Petroleum and coal products ........................ 121.0 125.8 123.4 120.8 126 126 125 126 125 126

Rubber and misc. plastics products .............. 924.8 923.0 916.8 914.9 928 927 926 925 917 918

Leather and leather products ........................ 55.0 55.6 53.0 52.6 56 57 57 55 53 53

Service-producing ................................................. 105,259 108,087 107,978 105,729 106,741 107,081 107,210 107,186 107,104 107,247

Transportation and public utilities ..................... 6,787 6,759 6,734 6,621 6,850 6,725 6,727 6,721 6,686 6,690

Transportation .............................................. 4,290 4,335 4,321 4,237 4,343 4,293 4,300 4,300 4,274 4,297

Railroad transportation ............................. 231.9 226.1 224.0 221.1 235 226 225 225 224 222

Local and interurban passenger transit .... 489.6 481.3 481.7 475.0 481 469 471 467 465 466

Trucking and warehousing ....................... 1,790.2 1,840.4 1,827.6 1,791.2 1,824 1,816 1,826 1,829 1,828 1,829

Water transportation ................................. 176.5 185.1 184.1 177.7 188 189 189 192 191 191

Transportation by air ................................. 1,161.5 1,167.0 1,168.0 1,141.3 1,171 1,160 1,156 1,151 1,128 1,150

Pipelines, except natural gas .................... 14.9 15.4 15.3 15.5 15 15 15 15 15 16

Transportation services ............................ 425.3 419.3 420.1 415.5 429 418 418 421 423 423

Communications and public utilities ............. 2,497 2,424 2,413 2,384 2,507 2,432 2,427 2,421 2,412 2,393

Communications ....................................... 1,653.0 1,586.2 1,576.0 1,551.5 1,660 1,588 1,585 1,583 1,576 1,557

Electric, gas, and sanitary services .......... 844.4 838.1 836.8 832.9 847 844 842 838 836 836

Wholesale trade ................................................ 6,652 6,653 6,647 6,585 6,702 6,663 6,657 6,643 6,638 6,635

Durable goods .............................................. 3,921 3,888 3,884 3,857 3,940 3,897 3,893 3,885 3,881 3,878

Nondurable goods ........................................ 2,731 2,765 2,763 2,728 2,762 2,766 2,764 2,758 2,757 2,757

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry-Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002p Jan.2003p Jan.2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002p Jan.2003p

Retail trade ....................................................... 22,997 23,623 23,790 22,817 23,396 23,291 23,289 23,247 23,148 23,249

Building materials and garden supplies ........ 994.6 1,068.0 1,061.3 1,025.7 1,049 1,067 1,071 1,078 1,077 1,087

General merchandise stores ........................ 2,854.2 3,048.3 3,118.4 2,828.7 2,856 2,856 2,851 2,828 2,819 2,830

Department stores .................................... 2,517.0 2,686.3 2,744.3 2,489.3 2,520 2,515 2,506 2,491 2,487 2,500

Food stores ................................................... 3,409.7 3,423.4 3,432.3 3,360.3 3,421 3,392 3,386 3,382 3,364 3,368

Automotive dealers and service stations ...... 2,408.9 2,428.8 2,410.0 2,385.3 2,438 2,438 2,438 2,430 2,419 2,412

New and used car dealers ........................ 1,125.4 1,128.5 1,119.5 1,110.9 1,133 1,131 1,131 1,128 1,122 1,117

Apparel and accessory stores ...................... 1,186.3 1,225.9 1,272.9 1,171.7 1,187 1,171 1,174 1,172 1,174 1,173

Furniture and home furnishings stores ......... 1,150.3 1,192.8 1,226.7 1,170.7 1,138 1,153 1,156 1,165 1,176 1,160

Eating and drinking places ........................... 7,920.5 8,067.5 8,018.2 7,789.0 8,238 8,129 8,140 8,129 8,063 8,136

Miscellaneous retail establishments ............. 3,072.6 3,168.1 3,250.5 3,086.0 3,069 3,085 3,073 3,063 3,056 3,083

Finance, insurance, and real estate ................. 7,694 7,796 7,808 7,778 7,748 7,773 7,803 7,807 7,814 7,816

Finance ......................................................... 3,806 3,854 3,867 3,862 3,819 3,837 3,853 3,854 3,860 3,865

Depository institutions .............................. 2,074.0 2,078.5 2,080.3 2,080.9 2,076 2,078 2,080 2,082 2,079 2,080

Commercial banks ................................ 1,447.1 1,448.4 1,449.8 1,450.4 1,450 1,450 1,452 1,451 1,449 1,451

Savings institutions ............................... 262.6 261.0 261.5 261.9 262 264 263 261 261 260

Nondepository institutions ........................ 752.6 803.4 813.7 816.2 755 783 797 801 809 814

Mortgage bankers and brokers ............. 353.5 401.3 408.3 412.4 356 382 396 400 407 413

Security and commodity brokers .............. 723.4 709.0 707.7 706.6 729 714 713 709 709 711

Holding and other investment offices ....... 256.3 263.5 264.8 258.4 259 262 263 262 263 260

Insurance ...................................................... 2,365 2,372 2,374 2,370 2,372 2,366 2,371 2,373 2,374 2,375

Insurance carriers ..................................... 1,590.0 1,575.8 1,575.7 1,575.1 1,594 1,577 1,578 1,578 1,577 1,578

Insurance agents, brokers, and service .... 774.5 796.6 798.2 794.4 778 789 793 795 797 797

Real estate ................................................... 1,523 1,570 1,567 1,546 1,557 1,570 1,579 1,580 1,580 1,576

Services2 .......................................................... 40,079 41,432 41,293 40,648 40,908 41,336 41,385 41,404 41,456 41,491

Agricultural services ..................................... 740.0 880.4 814.7 761.0 865 874 874 880 878 883

Hotels and other lodging places ................... 1,701.2 1,717.0 1,723.1 1,708.0 1,811 1,782 1,791 1,792 1,808 1,823

Personal services ......................................... 1,341.7 1,253.1 1,278.1 1,331.1 1,290 1,287 1,288 1,283 1,291 1,281

Business services ......................................... 9,029.2 9,417.2 9,345.0 9,058.0 9,231 9,330 9,324 9,309 9,303 9,272

Services to buildings ................................. 1,007.7 1,044.7 1,038.6 1,021.8 1,022 1,042 1,041 1,045 1,043 1,036

Personnel supply services ........................ 2,913.7 3,250.7 3,194.8 2,964.4 3,080 3,188 3,178 3,152 3,170 3,160

Help supply services ............................. 2,606.6 2,926.1 2,878.9 2,663.4 2,761 2,869 2,865 2,838 2,861 2,859

Computer and data processing services .. 2,212.3 2,191.4 2,191.5 2,191.9 2,213 2,190 2,196 2,195 2,187 2,188

Auto repair, services, and parking ................ 1,252.7 1,256.0 1,259.0 1,256.4 1,262 1,266 1,262 1,263 1,266 1,268

Miscellaneous repair services ...................... 371.8 378.4 375.9 375.1 376 378 378 378 376 379

Motion pictures ............................................. 575.5 581.2 585.4 578.4 581 595 591 590 584 581

Amusement and recreation services ............ 1,440.8 1,479.1 1,480.1 1,434.1 1,669 1,638 1,640 1,630 1,650 1,659

Health services ............................................. 10,527.5 10,790.9 10,802.1 10,777.4 10,551 10,729 10,755 10,777 10,786 10,804

Offices and clinics of medical doctors ...... 2,030.0 2,089.7 2,096.8 2,085.5 2,033 2,079 2,085 2,088 2,092 2,089

Nursing and personal care facilities .......... 1,871.3 1,908.1 1,907.2 1,901.3 1,876 1,896 1,899 1,905 1,904 1,906

Hospitals ................................................... 4,172.1 4,270.0 4,272.7 4,270.7 4,174 4,247 4,256 4,267 4,268 4,276

Home health care services ....................... 636.9 660.6 658.7 657.8 643 651 655 656 656 660

Legal services ............................................... 1,047.3 1,079.7 1,082.2 1,080.0 1,053 1,072 1,077 1,079 1,081 1,085

Educational services ..................................... 2,395.0 2,762.6 2,711.2 2,510.6 2,473 2,550 2,560 2,574 2,583 2,594

Social services .............................................. 3,135.3 3,222.6 3,223.1 3,208.1 3,149 3,199 3,201 3,208 3,209 3,222

Child day care services ............................ 729.4 744.3 740.4 737.7 723 731 730 728 726 729

Residential care ........................................ 891.6 910.7 913.8 909.1 896 906 909 912 915 912

Museums and botanical and zoological

gardens ..................................................... 100.1 104.2 103.1 97.7 110 108 107 107 106 107

Membership organizations ........................... 2,436.6 2,463.5 2,466.1 2,437.2 2,471 2,478 2,480 2,478 2,477 2,472

Engineering and management services ....... 3,593.4 3,657.6 3,655.5 3,647.9 3,624 3,659 3,666 3,667 3,669 3,673

Engineering and architectural services ..... 1,036.3 1,026.0 1,021.3 1,012.3 1,047 1,029 1,027 1,028 1,027 1,021

Management and public relations ............. 1,179.9 1,231.6 1,231.1 1,226.1 1,192 1,224 1,226 1,228 1,230 1,237

Services, nec ................................................ 47.1 45.1 45.0 43.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)

Government ...................................................... 21,050 21,824 21,706 21,280 21,137 21,293 21,349 21,364 21,362 21,366

Federal ......................................................... 2,587 2,657 2,653 2,647 2,609 2,621 2,649 2,661 2,665 2,671

Federal, except Postal Service ................. 1,756.7 1,843.0 1,841.2 1,843.4 1,776 1,810 1,840 1,853 1,857 1,859

State ............................................................. 4,847 5,105 5,050 4,858 4,935 4,958 4,955 4,961 4,954 4,927

Education .................................................. 2,066.0 2,328.4 2,284.5 2,095.4 2,127 2,163 2,160 2,165 2,166 2,142

Other State government ........................... 2,781.4 2,777.0 2,765.1 2,762.5 2,808 2,795 2,795 2,796 2,788 2,785

Local ............................................................. 13,616 14,062 14,003 13,775 13,593 13,714 13,745 13,742 13,743 13,768

Education .................................................. 7,890.6 8,199.4 8,170.6 7,977.1 7,732 7,808 7,829 7,820 7,814 7,832

Other local government ............................ 5,725.6 5,862.4 5,832.0 5,797.4 5,861 5,906 5,916 5,922 5,929 5,936

1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the

seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and

irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002p

Jan.

2003p

Jan.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002p

Jan.

2003p

Total private ............................................ 33.6 34.0 34.4 33.7 34.1 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.1 34.2

Goods-producing .................................................. 39.9 40.1 40.4 39.8 40.3 40.3 40.1 39.9 40.2 40.5

Mining ............................................................... 42.2 42.9 42.4 41.9 43.0 42.8 42.7 43.1 42.2 42.7

Construction ..................................................... 38.5 38.0 37.8 38.2 39.5 38.8 38.4 38.2 38.4 39.6

Manufacturing ................................................... 40.4 40.9 41.5 40.4 40.6 40.8 40.7 40.6 40.9 40.8

Overtime hours ......................................... 3.7 4.2 4.5 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.1

Durable goods ................................................ 40.8 41.2 41.9 40.9 41.0 41.3 41.2 41.0 41.3 41.3

Overtime hours ......................................... 3.7 4.1 4.5 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.1

Lumber and wood products .......................... 39.9 40.7 41.2 40.1 40.5 41.1 41.0 40.6 41.3 41.1

Furniture and fixtures .................................... 40.0 39.5 41.3 40.1 40.1 40.2 39.6 39.5 40.7 40.6

Stone, clay, and glass products .................... 42.7 43.1 42.7 42.0 43.8 43.4 43.4 42.9 43.1 43.4

Primary metal industries ............................... 43.5 44.7 45.4 44.0 43.6 44.2 44.7 44.3 44.7 44.0

Blast furnaces and basic steel products ... 44.2 45.8 46.6 44.3 44.5 46.0 46.2 45.4 46.8 44.4

Fabricated metal products ............................ 41.2 41.7 42.3 41.3 41.3 41.6 41.6 41.3 41.3 41.6

Industrial machinery and equipment ............. 40.3 40.5 41.3 40.8 40.1 40.7 40.5 40.3 40.6 40.9

Electronic and other electrical equipment ..... 38.6 39.2 39.8 38.2 38.7 38.8 38.3 38.7 38.9 38.2

Transportation equipment ............................. 42.3 42.5 43.5 42.6 42.7 42.6 42.6 42.2 42.6 43.0

Motor vehicles and equipment .................. 43.6 44.2 45.4 44.4 44.3 44.3 44.4 44.0 44.5 45.2

Instruments and related products ................. 40.6 40.9 41.7 40.4 40.5 40.8 40.7 40.6 41.0 40.6

Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 37.7 38.6 39.1 38.2 38.2 38.6 38.9 38.5 38.7 38.9

Nondurable goods .......................................... 39.8 40.5 40.9 39.8 40.0 40.2 40.1 40.1 40.4 40.0

Overtime hours ......................................... 3.8 4.2 4.4 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.1

Food and kindred products ........................... 40.6 41.6 41.8 40.3 41.0 40.8 40.8 41.0 41.3 40.7

Tobacco products ......................................... 40.3 39.7 40.3 39.0 41.4 39.9 40.4 39.6 39.7 39.5

Textile mill products ...................................... 39.9 41.0 41.6 40.8 40.2 41.2 40.9 40.9 41.2 40.9

Apparel and other textile products ................ 36.1 36.7 37.1 35.8 36.7 36.9 36.6 36.6 36.7 36.2

Paper and allied products ............................. 41.3 42.0 42.3 41.6 41.1 41.4 41.3 41.5 41.6 41.6

Printing and publishing ................................. 37.0 37.7 38.4 37.3 37.3 37.5 37.4 37.1 37.8 37.7

Chemicals and allied products ...................... 41.9 42.3 42.6 41.5 41.9 42.4 42.2 42.2 42.1 41.5

Petroleum and coal products ........................ 41.8 41.7 41.6 42.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

Rubber and misc. plastics products .............. 40.5 40.8 41.5 40.2 40.5 40.8 40.9 40.7 40.8 40.4

Leather and leather products ........................ 36.7 37.3 37.1 37.1 37.0 35.6 36.3 37.0 37.1 37.5

Service-producing ................................................. 32.2 32.7 33.0 32.3 32.7 32.8 32.8 32.9 32.8 32.8

Transportation and public utilities ..................... 37.6 38.4 38.7 37.8 38.1 38.5 38.4 38.5 38.2 38.3

Wholesale trade ................................................ 37.8 38.5 38.9 37.9 38.2 38.5 38.6 38.5 38.5 38.3

Retail trade ....................................................... 28.1 28.8 29.5 28.2 28.9 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.2 29.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate ................. 35.8 36.0 36.7 36.0 36.1 36.1 36.0 36.2 36.0 36.3

Services ............................................................ 32.2 32.6 32.8 32.3 32.6 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.6 32.7

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;

construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in

transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,

insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for

approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm

payrolls. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the

seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and

irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Jan.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002p

Jan.

2003p

Jan.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002p

Jan.

2003p

Total private ............................................ $14.64 $14.97 $15.05 $15.05 $491.90 $508.98 $517.72 $507.19

Seasonally adjusted ............................. 14.58 14.94 14.98 14.98 497.18 510.95 510.82 512.32

Goods-producing .................................................. 16.17 16.59 16.67 16.56 645.18 665.26 673.47 659.09

Mining ............................................................... 17.89 17.81 17.85 18.07 754.96 764.05 756.84 757.13

Construction ..................................................... 18.56 19.06 19.23 18.97 714.56 724.28 726.89 724.65

Manufacturing ................................................... 15.15 15.48 15.58 15.55 612.06 633.13 646.57 628.22

Durable goods ................................................ 15.61 16.01 16.09 16.03 636.89 659.61 674.17 655.63

Lumber and wood products .......................... 12.38 12.57 12.66 12.60 493.96 511.60 521.59 505.26

Furniture and fixtures .................................... 12.61 12.78 12.82 12.80 504.40 504.81 529.47 513.28

Stone, clay, and glass products .................... 15.12 15.69 15.74 15.68 645.62 676.24 672.10 658.56

Primary metal industries ............................... 17.15 17.64 17.67 17.80 746.03 788.51 802.22 783.20

Blast furnaces and basic steel products ... 20.53 21.05 21.09 21.56 907.43 964.09 982.79 955.11

Fabricated metal products ............................ 14.57 14.90 14.98 14.93 600.28 621.33 633.65 616.61

Industrial machinery and equipment ............. 16.31 16.56 16.66 16.70 657.29 670.68 688.06 681.36

Electronic and other electrical equipment ..... 14.86 15.08 15.20 15.06 573.60 591.14 604.96 575.29

Transportation equipment ............................. 19.57 20.54 20.52 20.23 827.81 872.95 892.62 861.80

Motor vehicles and equipment .................. 19.99 21.43 21.41 20.91 871.56 947.21 972.01 928.40

Instruments and related products ................. 15.09 15.44 15.53 15.58 612.65 631.50 647.60 629.43

Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 12.46 12.45 12.54 12.54 469.74 480.57 490.31 479.03

Nondurable goods .......................................... 14.47 14.71 14.84 14.84 575.91 595.76 606.96 590.63

Food and kindred products ........................... 13.14 13.26 13.40 13.36 533.48 551.62 560.12 538.41

Tobacco products ......................................... 21.21 20.37 20.62 21.17 854.76 808.69 830.99 825.63

Textile mill products ...................................... 11.66 11.81 11.84 11.94 465.23 484.21 492.54 487.15

Apparel and other textile products ................ 9.72 9.98 10.10 10.05 350.89 366.27 374.71 359.79

Paper and allied products ............................. 17.19 17.63 17.85 17.71 709.95 740.46 755.06 736.74

Printing and publishing ................................. 15.01 15.34 15.44 15.31 555.37 578.32 592.90 571.06

Chemicals and allied products ...................... 18.87 19.41 19.42 19.51 790.65 821.04 827.29 809.67

Petroleum and coal products ........................ 22.10 22.57 22.86 22.65 923.78 941.17 950.98 960.36

Rubber and misc. plastics products .............. 13.71 13.79 13.98 14.06 555.26 562.63 580.17 565.21

Leather and leather products ........................ 10.31 10.25 10.51 10.44 378.38 382.33 389.92 387.32

Service-producing ................................................. 14.21 14.53 14.61 14.64 457.56 475.13 482.13 472.87

Transportation and public utilities ..................... 17.13 17.52 17.49 17.48 644.09 672.77 676.86 660.74

Wholesale trade ................................................ 16.11 16.33 16.49 16.33 608.96 628.71 641.46 618.91

Retail trade ....................................................... 9.96 10.15 10.19 10.23 279.88 292.32 300.61 288.49

Finance, insurance, and real estate ................. 16.07 16.68 16.83 16.79 575.31 600.48 617.66 604.44

Services ............................................................ 15.14 15.52 15.68 15.63 487.51 505.95 514.30 504.85

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry Jan.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002p

Jan.

2003p

Percent

change

from:

Dec. 2002-

Jan. 2003

Total private:

Current dollars ................................ $14.58 $14.85 $14.90 $14.94 $14.98 $14.98 0.0

Constant (1982) dollars2 ................ 8.14 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.18 N.A. (3)

Goods-producing .............................. 16.24 16.48 16.54 16.54 16.61 16.62 .1

Mining ........................................... 17.69 17.82 17.83 17.89 17.78 17.94 .9

Construction ................................. 18.65 18.98 19.00 19.00 19.14 18.98 -.8

Manufacturing ............................... 15.13 15.35 15.44 15.44 15.48 15.53 .3

Excluding overtime4 ................. 14.42 14.62 14.70 14.71 14.72 14.78 .4

Service-producing ............................. 14.11 14.40 14.44 14.50 14.53 14.52 -.1

Transportation and public utilities 17.09 17.36 17.38 17.51 17.46 17.42 -.2

Wholesale trade ............................ 16.10 16.29 16.31 16.32 16.38 16.29 -.5

Retail trade ................................... 9.90 10.10 10.12 10.14 10.19 10.15 -.4

Finance, insurance, and real

estate ...................................... 16.06 16.53 16.57 16.71 16.74 16.78 .2

Services ........................................ 15.01 15.34 15.40 15.46 15.49 15.49 .0

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners

and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this

series. 

3 Change was .2 percent from November 2002 to

December 2002, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at

the rate of time and one-half.

 N.A. = not available.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

(1982=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Jan.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002p

Jan.

2003p

Jan.

2002

Sept.

2002

Oct.

2002

Nov.

2002

Dec.

2002p

Jan.

2003p

Total private ............................................ 142.8 148.3 149.4 142.6 148.0 148.3 148.1 147.9 147.6 148.1

Goods-producing .................................................. 102.0 104.2 103.3 99.2 106.2 104.4 103.7 103.0 103.3 104.0

Mining ............................................................... 52.0 52.3 51.5 49.5 54.2 52.7 52.3 52.3 51.5 51.9

Construction ..................................................... 163.9 176.8 168.8 160.0 182.4 177.2 175.2 174.4 175.3 180.4

Manufacturing ................................................... 91.7 91.7 92.4 89.2 93.0 91.9 91.5 90.8 91.0 90.8

Durable goods ................................................ 94.5 93.4 94.5 91.3 95.7 94.2 93.7 92.7 92.9 93.0

Lumber and wood products .......................... 128.3 132.7 133.0 127.6 132.8 134.1 133.8 131.8 134.1 133.6

Furniture and fixtures .................................... 120.2 117.6 122.2 117.6 121.3 121.0 119.2 118.9 120.9 120.0

Stone, clay, and glass products .................... 107.2 113.8 109.9 104.8 114.4 113.9 113.9 112.3 112.0 113.1

Primary metal industries ............................... 76.3 75.8 77.0 74.1 76.4 75.1 75.7 75.1 75.4 74.4

Blast furnaces and basic steel products ... 57.7 59.2 60.5 56.8 57.9 59.0 59.3 57.9 60.1 57.0

Fabricated metal products ............................ 107.9 107.8 109.0 105.3 108.4 108.2 108.3 106.5 106.1 106.4

Industrial machinery and equipment ............. 83.8 80.1 81.7 80.1 83.3 81.7 81.0 80.2 80.2 80.3

Electronic and other electrical equipment ..... 83.9 77.5 78.5 74.6 83.9 78.2 76.5 76.4 76.3 74.5

Transportation equipment ............................. 104.8 105.0 107.2 104.2 107.3 105.6 105.5 103.7 104.2 106.8

Motor vehicles and equipment .................. 139.1 143.8 147.6 142.4 143.9 144.5 144.6 142.3 142.8 147.3

Instruments and related products ................. 69.4 66.9 67.9 66.6 69.1 67.7 67.0 66.7 66.8 66.8

Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 86.8 92.2 90.8 87.0 89.2 90.8 90.8 90.6 89.2 90.1

Nondurable goods .......................................... 87.9 89.4 89.6 86.4 89.3 88.9 88.4 88.2 88.4 87.6

Food and kindred products ........................... 111.8 117.5 116.8 111.9 114.8 114.9 114.2 114.9 116.0 114.7

Tobacco products ......................................... 52.2 56.7 56.3 52.7 51.3 53.3 54.0 52.9 51.1 50.9

Textile mill products ...................................... 59.9 59.7 60.5 59.0 61.5 60.1 59.8 59.5 59.9 59.8

Apparel and other textile products ................ 42.8 42.3 42.0 40.1 44.4 43.1 42.2 42.1 41.9 41.1

Paper and allied products ............................. 95.0 95.1 95.2 92.7 94.8 93.7 93.6 94.1 93.3 92.9

Printing and publishing ................................. 106.9 106.7 108.6 103.8 108.3 106.0 105.7 104.3 105.6 105.2

Chemicals and allied products ...................... 93.9 95.1 95.5 93.1 94.0 95.3 94.8 94.7 94.8 93.3

Petroleum and coal products ........................ 68.7 71.5 69.7 68.9 71.8 72.9 72.0 71.2 70.8 71.3

Rubber and misc. plastics products .............. 131.2 131.9 133.1 128.7 131.7 132.9 132.8 131.6 131.0 129.9

Leather and leather products ........................ 22.7 24.7 22.8 22.5 23.3 24.1 24.5 23.9 22.8 23.0

Service-producing ................................................. 161.2 168.1 170.1 162.1 166.7 168.0 168.0 168.0 167.5 167.8

Transportation and public utilities ..................... 129.6 131.9 132.6 126.8 132.8 131.4 130.9 131.1 129.7 129.8

Wholesale trade ................................................ 123.0 125.8 127.1 122.5 125.3 126.1 126.3 125.6 125.6 124.8

Retail trade ....................................................... 139.7 147.7 152.6 139.3 146.3 146.6 147.0 146.9 146.3 146.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate ................. 137.9 141.5 144.3 141.1 140.3 141.4 141.6 142.8 141.8 143.2

Services ............................................................ 203.9 213.4 213.7 206.6 211.1 214.2 213.9 213.8 213.5 214.4

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 347 industries1

Over 1-month span:

1999 .......................... 55.3 58.6 53.6 58.4 55.5 57.8 57.1 54.8 57.1 57.2 60.4 58.1

2000 .......................... 55.9 57.5 57.9 51.2 50.1 55.8 57.8 51.4 52.4 52.4 53.2 52.7

2001 .......................... 49.4 45.7 50.3 42.4 47.3 43.2 44.5 42.5 42.4 40.5 39.3 44.1

2002 .......................... 47.3 41.4 49.7 47.8 50.9 49.4 48.6 48.8 49.3 48.3 45.8 p43.5

2003 .......................... p50.1 

Over 3-month span:

1999 .......................... 59.2 57.6 59.5 55.2 60.2 57.2 59.4 59.2 59.7 58.9 61.2 60.7

2000 .......................... 60.4 61.4 58.4 53.2 52.4 55.5 56.6 56.2 51.2 51.0 53.2 51.6

2001 .......................... 45.5 46.1 40.8 43.4 37.8 43.2 39.3 38.0 35.3 33.7 36.3 38.9

2002 .......................... 40.1 43.2 42.5 46.5 48.0 50.1 47.1 45.1 47.3 45.1 p42.7 p45.5

2003 .......................... 

Over 6-month span:

1999 .......................... 60.2 58.9 58.5 59.7 57.2 60.8 61.2 62.5 62.7 61.8 61.2 62.8

2000 .......................... 61.1 59.4 58.1 57.9 54.2 52.4 52.9 54.2 52.4 48.7 45.7 46.5

2001 .......................... 44.7 42.7 39.5 40.1 40.8 35.6 37.0 32.4 34.3 33.1 34.1 35.6

2002 .......................... 37.0 41.6 43.4 44.4 46.5 46.0 46.5 43.1 p40.8 p44.2 

2003 .......................... 

Over 12-month span:

1999 .......................... 61.2 60.1 58.2 61.0 60.7 61.5 62.2 61.1 63.8 62.2 59.7 60.5

2000 .......................... 61.4 59.9 58.8 56.2 55.3 53.6 53.0 51.0 47.7 45.2 44.5 42.9

2001 .......................... 41.5 41.5 38.9 37.5 37.3 36.2 34.1 33.6 34.4 33.9 33.3 34.0

2002 .......................... 35.2 36.0 37.3 38.3 40.5 p40.2 p40.8 

2003 .......................... 

Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1

Over 1-month span:

1999 .......................... 47.4 41.2 42.6 46.0 46.3 43.4 50.0 42.6 46.0 45.6 51.5 49.3

2000 .......................... 44.9 52.2 49.3 46.0 49.3 50.7 57.4 36.8 39.0 42.3 47.1 40.8

2001 .......................... 34.9 26.8 38.2 29.0 28.3 30.5 34.9 25.7 31.6 31.3 25.0 30.9

2002 .......................... 35.3 37.9 40.4 47.4 47.1 40.4 48.9 41.9 40.1 40.4 40.1 p38.2

2003 .......................... p44.1 

Over 3-month span:

1999 .......................... 39.3 39.3 39.7 40.1 41.2 43.8 44.1 46.3 42.3 44.1 47.8 45.2

2000 .......................... 48.2 48.9 48.9 44.5 46.7 52.2 46.0 38.6 29.0 34.2 39.0 36.0

2001 .......................... 21.3 21.3 18.4 23.5 19.9 23.2 17.3 19.1 16.2 18.0 18.4 18.0

2002 .......................... 24.6 30.1 37.1 38.6 40.1 41.2 38.6 34.6 32.4 32.0 p29.8 p32.4

2003 .......................... 

Over 6-month span:

1999 .......................... 36.4 36.0 37.5 40.4 37.5 42.3 43.0 44.5 48.2 43.0 44.5 47.4

2000 .......................... 47.8 45.2 44.5 50.0 41.9 37.9 36.0 35.3 32.4 26.1 21.3 21.7

2001 .......................... 20.2 16.9 14.0 16.2 16.5 13.2 14.7 11.8 14.0 13.2 17.6 16.5

2002 .......................... 19.9 26.8 29.8 38.2 36.4 34.2 31.6 26.8 p26.1 p28.3 

2003 .......................... 

Over 12-month span:

1999 .......................... 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 44.5 43.4 44.5

2000 .......................... 49.3 44.1 39.3 36.8 35.3 34.2 33.8 28.7 22.1 19.1 17.6 14.0

2001 .......................... 13.6 13.6 13.6 15.4 12.1 11.0 11.0 11.0 12.9 12.9 14.0 13.6

2002 .......................... 18.0 18.0 20.2 20.2 24.6 p22.4 p24.6 

2003 .......................... 

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and

unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. 

p = preliminary.

 NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus

one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent

indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing

employment.