Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-11-0002 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 7, 2011 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION – DECEMBER 2010 

The unemployment rate fell by 0.4 percentage point to 9.4 percent in December, and nonfarm payroll

employment increased by 103,000, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment 

rose in leisure and hospitality and in health care but was little changed in other major industries. 

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

Dec-08 M ar-09 Jun-09 Sep-09 Dec-09 M ar-10 Jun-10 Sep-10 Dec-10

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, December 2008 –

December 2010

Percent

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Dec-08 M ar-09 Jun-09 Sep-09 Dec-09 M ar-10 Jun-10 Sep-10 Dec-10

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

December 2008 – December 2010

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data

Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal 

adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end of each calendar year. Seasonally 

adjusted estimates back to January 2006 were subject to revision. The unemployment 

rates for January 2010 through November 2010 (as originally published and as revised) 

appear in table A on page 6, along with additional information about the revisions. 
- 2 - 

Household Survey Data 

The number of unemployed persons decreased by 556,000 to 14.5 million in December, and the unemployment rate dropped to 9.4 percent. Over the year, these measures were down from 15.2 million and 

9.9 percent, respectively. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (9.4 percent) and whites (8.5 

percent) declined in December. The unemployment rates for adult women (8.1 percent), teenagers (25.4 

percent), blacks (15.8 percent), and Hispanics (13.0 percent) showed little change. The jobless rate for 

Asians was 7.2 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

In December, the number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs dropped by 

548,000 to 8.9 million. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was 

little changed at 6.4 million and accounted for 44.3 percent of the unemployed. (See tables A-11 and 

A-12.) 

The civilian labor force participation rate edged down in December to 64.3 percent, and the employment-population ratio was essentially unchanged at 58.3 percent. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged in December at 8.9 million. These individuals were 

working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time 

job. (See table A-8.) 

About 2.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force in December, little different 

than a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, 

wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They 

were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the 

survey. (See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 1.3 million discouraged workers in December, an increase 

of 389,000 from December 2009. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 

1.3 million persons marginally attached to the labor force had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 103,000 in December. Employment rose in leisure 

and hospitality and in health care but changed little in other major industries. Since December 2009, 

total payroll employment has increased by 1.1 million, or an average of 94,000 per month. (See table 

B-1.) 

Employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 47,000 in December. Within the industry, job gains 

continued in food services and drinking places (+25,000). Since a recent low in December 2009, the 

food services industry has added 188,000 jobs. 
- 3 - 

In December, health care employment continued to expand, with a gain of 36,000. Over the month, job 

gains continued in ambulatory services (+21,000), hospitals (+8,000), and nursing and residential care 

facilities (+7,000). 

Within professional and business services, employment in temporary help services continued to trend 

up in December (+16,000) and has risen by 495,000 since a recent low in September 2009. 

Employment in retail trade changed little in December (+12,000). A job gain in motor vehicle and parts 

dealers (+8,000) offset a loss in health and personal care stores (-8,000). Employment in most other 

service-providing industries changed little over the month. 

In the goods-producing sector, mining employment continued to trend up in December, reflecting a job 

gain in support activities for mining (+5,000). 

Manufacturing employment changed little over the month (+10,000). Following job growth earlier in 

2010, employment has been relatively flat, on net, since May. Construction employment also was little 

changed overall in December (-16,000). Within construction, there were job losses in heavy and civil 

engineering (-13,000) and in residential building (-6,000). 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls held at 34.3 hours in December. 

The manufacturing workweek for all employees declined by 0.1 hour to 40.2 hours, while factory overtime remained at 3.1 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In December, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 3 

cents, or 0.1 percent, to $22.78. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 1.8 

percent. In December, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees rose by 2 cents, or 0.1 percent, to $19.21. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised from +172,000 to +210,000, 

and the change for November was revised from +39,000 to +71,000. 

The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 4, 2011, at 

8:30 a.m. (EST). 
- 4 - 

Upcoming Changes to Establishment Survey Data 

Effective with the release of January 2011 data on February 4, 2011, the establishment 

survey will begin estimating net business birth/death adjustment factors on a quarterly 

basis, replacing the current practice of estimating the factors annually. This will allow the 

establishment survey to incorporate information from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages into the birth/death adjustment factors as soon as it becomes available 

and thereby improve the factors. Additional information on this change is available at 

www.bls.gov/ces/ces_quarterly_birthdeath.pdf. 

Upcoming Changes to Household Survey Data 

Effective with the release of January 2011 data on February 4, 2011, two additional 

data series—"Self-employed workers, unincorporated" and "Self-employed workers, 

incorporated"—will be added to table A-9. As a result, the format of table A-9 will 

change; sample versions in HTML and PDF formats are available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/empsit_changes_table_a9_2011.htm. Data on the incorporated 

self-employed have not previously been published on a regular basis. 

Also, in table A-8, the data series currently labeled "Self-employed workers" (one for 

Agriculture and related industries and one for Nonagricultural industries) will be renamed 

"Self-employed workers, unincorporated." This is strictly a change in title and not in 

definition; the data shown will not be affected. This change is being made to clarify that 

these data only include persons operating unincorporated businesses. A similar title 

change will be made to one data series in table A-14. 

In addition, a change affecting data collected on unemployment duration will be 

introduced in the household survey in January 2011. Presently, the Current Population 

Survey can record unemployment durations of up to 2 years. Starting with data collected 

for January 2011, respondents will be able to report unemployment durations of up to 5 

years. This change will likely affect one data series in this news release: the average 

(mean) duration of unemployment, which is found in table A-12. The change does not 

affect the estimate of total unemployment or other data series on duration of unemployment. Additional information is available at www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm. 

Beginning with data for January 2011, occupation estimates in table A-13 will reflect the 

introduction of the 2010 Census occupation classification system into the household 

survey. This occupation classification system is derived from the 2010 Standard 

Occupational Classification system. Historical data will not be revised. 
- 5 - 

Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data 

With the release of January 2011 data on February 4, 2011, the Current Employment Statistics 

survey will introduce revisions to nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings data to 

reflect the annual benchmark adjustments for March 2010 and updated seasonal adjustment 

factors. Not seasonally adjusted data beginning with April 2009 and seasonally adjusted data 

beginning with January 2006 are subject to revision. 

Revisions in the Household Survey Data 

Effective with the release of data for January 2011 on February 4, 2011, revisions will be 

introduced into the population controls for the household survey. These changes reflect the 

routine annual updating of intercensal population estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. 
- 6 - 

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data 

At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the labor 

force series derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. As a result of 

this process, seasonally adjusted data for January 2006 through November 2010 were subject to revision. 

Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2010 through November 2010, as first published and 

as revised. The rates were unchanged in 8 of the 11 months and changed by one-tenth of a percentage 

point in the remaining 3 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force series 

beginning in December 2009 appear in table B. 

An article describing the seasonal adjustment methodology for the household survey data and revised 

data for January 2010 through November 2010 is available at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsrs2011.pdf. 

Historical data for the seasonally adjusted household series contained in the A-tables of this release can 

be accessed at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical seasonally adjusted monthly and 

quarterly data for additional series are available on the Internet at ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf/. 

Table A. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates and changes due to revision,

January - November 2010

2010

January ..................................... 9.7 9.7 0.0

February ................................... 9.7 9.7 .0

March ....................................... 9.7 9.7 .0

April ......................................... 9.9 9.8 -.1

May .......................................... 9.7 9.6 -.1

June .......................................... 9.5 9.5 .0

July ........................................... 9.5 9.5 .0

August ...................................... 9.6 9.6 .0

September ................................ 9.6 9.6 .0

October .................................... 9.6 9.7 .1

November ................................ 9.8 9.8 .0

Year and month As revised Change As first

published 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table B. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

2009 2010

Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population1

. . . . . . . 236,924 236,832 236,998 237,159 237,329 237,499 237,690 237,890 238,099 238,322 238,530 238,715 238,889

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,172 153,353 153,558 153,895 154,520 154,237 153,684 153,628 154,117 154,124 153,960 153,950 153,690

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.7 64.8 64.8 64.9 65.1 64.9 64.7 64.6 64.7 64.7 64.5 64.5 64.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,960 138,511 138,698 138,952 139,382 139,353 139,092 138,991 139,267 139,378 139,084 138,909 139,206

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . 58.2 58.5 58.5 58.6 58.7 58.7 58.5 58.4 58.5 58.5 58.3 58.2 58.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,212 14,842 14,860 14,943 15,138 14,884 14,593 14,637 14,849 14,746 14,876 15,041 14,485

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.6 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.4

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1

. . . . . . . 106,125 105,998 106,100 106,198 106,301 106,407 106,522 106,641 106,761 106,887 107,007 107,114 107,216

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,463 78,386 78,568 78,841 79,279 79,178 79,094 78,993 79,295 79,289 79,016 78,980 78,906

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.9 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.6 74.4 74.3 74.1 74.3 74.2 73.8 73.7 73.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,479 70,525 70,707 70,977 71,348 71,451 71,329 71,340 71,505 71,559 71,365 71,130 71,480

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . 66.4 66.5 66.6 66.8 67.1 67.1 67.0 66.9 67.0 66.9 66.7 66.4 66.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,983 7,861 7,861 7,864 7,931 7,728 7,765 7,653 7,789 7,729 7,651 7,849 7,426

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.8 9.8 9.7 9.8 9.7 9.7 9.9 9.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1

. . . . . . . 113,832 113,796 113,886 113,974 114,066 114,160 114,264 114,372 114,481 114,596 114,704 114,801 114,894

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,635 68,958 69,026 68,976 69,167 69,057 68,826 68,797 68,883 69,082 69,018 69,151 69,027

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 60.6 60.6 60.5 60.6 60.5 60.2 60.2 60.2 60.3 60.2 60.2 60.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,037 63,549 63,516 63,479 63,501 63,487 63,483 63,340 63,379 63,562 63,400 63,385 63,428

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . 55.4 55.8 55.8 55.7 55.7 55.6 55.6 55.4 55.4 55.5 55.3 55.2 55.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,598 5,409 5,509 5,497 5,665 5,570 5,343 5,458 5,504 5,520 5,618 5,766 5,599

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 7.8 8.0 8.0 8.2 8.1 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population1

. . . . . . . 16,967 17,038 17,012 16,987 16,962 16,932 16,904 16,877 16,857 16,839 16,819 16,800 16,780

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,075 6,009 5,964 6,078 6,074 6,002 5,764 5,838 5,939 5,754 5,927 5,820 5,757

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.8 35.3 35.1 35.8 35.8 35.4 34.1 34.6 35.2 34.2 35.2 34.6 34.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,444 4,438 4,475 4,497 4,533 4,416 4,279 4,312 4,383 4,256 4,319 4,393 4,298

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . 26.2 26.0 26.3 26.5 26.7 26.1 25.3 25.5 26.0 25.3 25.7 26.2 25.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,631 1,572 1,490 1,581 1,542 1,586 1,485 1,526 1,556 1,497 1,607 1,426 1,460

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.8 26.2 25.0 26.0 25.4 26.4 25.8 26.1 26.2 26.0 27.1 24.5 25.4

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.

-7 -
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Change from:

Nov. 2010-

Dec. 2010

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population............................................ 236,924 238,530 238,715 238,889 174

Civilian labor force............................................................ 153,172 153,960 153,950 153,690 -260

Participation rate........................................................... 64.7 64.5 64.5 64.3 -0.2

Employed.................................................................... 137,960 139,084 138,909 139,206 297

Employment-population ratio........................................... 58.2 58.3 58.2 58.3 0.1

Unemployed................................................................. 15,212 14,876 15,041 14,485 -556

Unemployment rate..................................................... 9.9 9.7 9.8 9.4 -0.4

Not in labor force............................................................. 83,752 84,570 84,765 85,199 434

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over....................................................... 9.9 9.7 9.8 9.4 -0.4

Adult men (20 years and over).............................................. 10.2 9.7 9.9 9.4 -0.5

Adult women (20 years and over).......................................... 8.2 8.1 8.3 8.1 -0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................. 26.8 27.1 24.5 25.4 0.9

White........................................................................... 9.0 8.8 8.9 8.5 -0.4

Black or African American................................................... 16.2 15.7 16.0 15.8 -0.2

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................. 8.4 7.1 7.6 7.2 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................................. 12.8 12.6 13.2 13.0 -0.2

Total, 25 years and over....................................................... 8.5 8.2 8.4 8.1 -0.3

Less than a high school diploma........................................... 15.3 15.3 15.7 15.3 -0.4

High school graduates, no college......................................... 10.6 10.1 10.0 9.8 -0.2

Some college or associate degree......................................... 8.8 8.5 8.7 8.1 -0.6

Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................... 4.9 4.7 5.1 4.8 -0.3

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs................... 9,688 9,070 9,471 8,923 -548

Job leavers....................................................................... 916 854 864 914 50

Reentrants........................................................................ 3,385 3,498 3,427 3,408 -19

New entrants..................................................................... 1,244 1,278 1,269 1,311 42

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks.............................................................. 2,908 2,659 2,824 2,725 -99

5 to 14 weeks.................................................................... 3,483 3,427 3,336 3,184 -152

15 to 26 weeks.................................................................. 2,781 2,500 2,515 2,205 -310

27 weeks and over.............................................................. 6,133 6,234 6,328 6,441 113

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons............................................... 9,093 9,100 8,960 8,931 -29

Slack work or business conditions.......................................... 6,397 6,174 6,025 6,011 -14

Could only find part-time work.............................................. 2,362 2,564 2,557 2,568 11

Part time for noneconomic reasons........................................... 18,359 18,230 18,326 18,184 -142

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force........................................ 2,486 2,602 2,531 2,609 –

Discouraged workers......................................................... 929 1,219 1,282 1,318 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -109 210 71 103

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -83 193 79 113

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -54 10 -5 -2

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 10 5 4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -36 4 -2 -16

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -18 -4 -8 10

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -11 1 -2 10

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.1 3.2 0.1 3.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7 -5 -6 0

Private service-providing1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -29 183 84 115

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4.3 11.1 5.2 8.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -14.5 38.2 -19.4 12.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4.0 3.9 15.3 8.8

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -14 -4 2 -4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9 3 -4 4

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 40 49 7

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.7 28.6 31.1 15.9

Education and health services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 66 37 44

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.8 42.1 26.6 37.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -33 -1 12 47

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7 25 -12 -14

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -26 17 -8 -10

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.9 49.6 49.6 49.6

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 48.1 48.1 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 34.3 34.3 34.3

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 22.38 $ 22.74 $ 22.75 $ 22.78

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 756.44 $779.98 $780.33 $781.35

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.7 93.1 93.1 93.2

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4 0.5 0.0 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.8 100.9 101.0 101.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4 0.7 0.1 0.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 33.6 33.5 33.6

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 18.85 $ 19.18 $ 19.19 $ 19.21

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 625.82 $644.45 $642.87 $645.46

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.9 100.1 99.9 100.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.4 -0.2 0.4

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.3 128.3 128.1 128.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.8 -0.2 0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.6 60.4 52.0 60.0

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 49.4 45.7 53.7

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing

industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance

between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

1
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment 

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller 

margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its 

much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically 

significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the 

household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the 

establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural 

workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household 

survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. 

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it 

is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not 

collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify 

the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. 

Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. 

The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm. 

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with 

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the 

total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled 

to achieve that goal. 

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment 

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that 

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the 

net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The 

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not 
immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth 

of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new 

businesses to the survey twice a year. 

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance 

benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who 

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. 

(People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement 

or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including 

those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In 

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and 

other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment 

Situation news release. 
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) 

and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment 

that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD 

DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households 

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. The sample includes about 

140,000 businesses and government agencies representing 

approximately 410,000 worksites and is drawn from a sampling frame of roughly 8.9 million unemployment insurance 

tax accounts. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that 

contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment 

survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 

12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 

calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between 

surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or 

unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment 

rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor 

force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force 

as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. 

Additional information about the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are 

counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are 

produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and 

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and 

logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2007 

version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between 

the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from 

the surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, the self-employed, unpaid family 

workers, and private household workers among the 

employed. These groups are excluded from the 

establishment survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 

years of age and older. The establishment survey is 

not limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, 

and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large 

number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely 

to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative 

to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of 

economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the 

establishment survey, payroll employment in education 

declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term 

and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the 

underlying employment trends in the industry. Because 

seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of 

the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be 

adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more 

discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a 

more useful tool with which to analyze changes in monthto-month economic activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, 

such as total payroll employment, employment in most 

major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted 

component series. For example, total unemployment is 

derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment 

estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the 

total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more 

detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 

error. When a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the "true" population values they represent. The 

exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the 

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured 

by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard 

errors from the "true" population value because of sampling 

error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the 

establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 

100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment 

increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-

percent confidence interval on the monthly change would 

range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000). 

These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by 

these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent 

chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within 

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than 

zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, 

the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then 

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval 

would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least 

a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, 

risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 

percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly 

change in unemployment as measured by the household 

survey is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in 

the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.19 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, 

such as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely 

basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in 

the collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates 

for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete 

returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled 

preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive 

revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample 

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered 

final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 
account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment 

gains from business births. This is incorporated into the 

sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting 

sample units going out of business, but imputing to them 

the same employment trend as the other firms in the 

sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net 

birth/death employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series 

model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death 

employment not accounted for by the imputation. The 

historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual 

residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough 

proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also 

incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over 

the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total 

nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a 

range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2009

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Aug.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236,924 238,715 238,889 236,924 238,099 238,322 238,530 238,715 238,889

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,693 153,698 153,156 153,172 154,117 154,124 153,960 153,950 153,690

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 64.4 64.1 64.7 64.7 64.7 64.5 64.5 64.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,953 139,415 139,159 137,960 139,267 139,378 139,084 138,909 139,206

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 58.4 58.3 58.2 58.5 58.5 58.3 58.2 58.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,740 14,282 13,997 15,212 14,849 14,746 14,876 15,041 14,485

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 9.3 9.1 9.9 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,231 85,017 85,733 83,752 83,983 84,198 84,570 84,765 85,199

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,939 5,832 6,212 6,218 6,039 6,236 6,279 6,248 6,471

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,728 115,640 115,731 114,728 115,317 115,433 115,542 115,640 115,731

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,243 81,651 81,504 81,533 82,266 82,165 82,000 81,986 81,845

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.8 70.6 70.4 71.1 71.3 71.2 71.0 70.9 70.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,258 73,540 73,226 72,609 73,600 73,594 73,470 73,337 73,600

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 63.6 63.3 63.3 63.8 63.8 63.6 63.4 63.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,985 8,111 8,278 8,925 8,666 8,571 8,530 8,649 8,245

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 9.9 10.2 10.9 10.5 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,485 33,988 34,228 33,194 33,051 33,268 33,542 33,653 33,886

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,125 107,114 107,216 106,125 106,761 106,887 107,007 107,114 107,216

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,392 78,822 78,780 78,463 79,295 79,289 79,016 78,980 78,906

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.9 73.6 73.5 73.9 74.3 74.2 73.8 73.7 73.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,251 71,471 71,235 70,479 71,505 71,559 71,365 71,130 71,480

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.2 66.7 66.4 66.4 67.0 66.9 66.7 66.4 66.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,141 7,352 7,545 7,983 7,789 7,729 7,651 7,849 7,426

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 9.3 9.6 10.2 9.8 9.7 9.7 9.9 9.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,733 28,291 28,436 27,662 27,467 27,599 27,991 28,134 28,310

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,197 123,075 123,158 122,197 122,783 122,889 122,988 123,075 123,158

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,450 72,046 71,653 71,639 71,851 71,959 71,960 71,964 71,845

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.5 58.2 58.6 58.5 58.6 58.5 58.5 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,694 65,875 65,933 65,351 65,667 65,784 65,613 65,572 65,605

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.8 53.5 53.5 53.5 53.5 53.5 53.3 53.3 53.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,756 6,171 5,719 6,287 6,183 6,175 6,346 6,392 6,240

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 8.6 8.0 8.8 8.6 8.6 8.8 8.9 8.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,747 51,029 51,505 50,558 50,932 50,930 51,028 51,112 51,313

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,832 114,801 114,894 113,832 114,481 114,596 114,704 114,801 114,894

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,617 69,374 68,999 68,635 68,883 69,082 69,018 69,151 69,027

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 60.4 60.1 60.3 60.2 60.3 60.2 60.2 60.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,430 63,779 63,809 63,037 63,379 63,562 63,400 63,385 63,428

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 55.6 55.5 55.4 55.4 55.5 55.3 55.2 55.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,187 5,595 5,190 5,598 5,504 5,520 5,618 5,766 5,599

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 8.1 7.5 8.2 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,215 45,427 45,895 45,198 45,598 45,514 45,687 45,651 45,867

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,967 16,800 16,780 16,967 16,857 16,839 16,819 16,800 16,780

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,684 5,501 5,378 6,075 5,939 5,754 5,927 5,820 5,757

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.5 32.7 32.0 35.8 35.2 34.2 35.2 34.6 34.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,272 4,165 4,116 4,444 4,383 4,256 4,319 4,393 4,298

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 24.8 24.5 26.2 26.0 25.3 25.7 26.2 25.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,412 1,335 1,262 1,631 1,556 1,497 1,607 1,426 1,460

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.8 24.3 23.5 26.8 26.2 26.0 27.1 24.5 25.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,283 11,299 11,402 10,892 10,918 11,085 10,893 10,980 11,022

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2009

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Aug.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191,628 192,641 192,749 191,628 192,245 192,391 192,527 192,641 192,749

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,344 124,735 124,309 124,703 125,358 125,333 124,914 124,824 124,700

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.9 64.7 64.5 65.1 65.2 65.1 64.9 64.8 64.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,416 114,254 114,035 113,439 114,457 114,433 113,975 113,728 114,079

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 59.3 59.2 59.2 59.5 59.5 59.2 59.0 59.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,928 10,481 10,274 11,264 10,901 10,899 10,940 11,096 10,620

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 8.4 8.3 9.0 8.7 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,284 67,907 68,439 66,925 66,887 67,058 67,612 67,817 68,049

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,870 65,074 64,978 64,884 65,571 65,579 65,215 65,088 65,041

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.4 74.1 73.9 74.4 74.8 74.8 74.3 74.1 74.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,653 59,492 59,280 58,846 59,720 59,759 59,425 59,137 59,484

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 67.7 67.4 67.5 68.2 68.1 67.7 67.3 67.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,217 5,583 5,698 6,038 5,850 5,820 5,790 5,951 5,557

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 8.6 8.8 9.3 8.9 8.9 8.9 9.1 8.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,823 55,155 54,927 54,817 54,878 54,961 54,846 54,953 54,914

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 60.0 59.7 59.9 59.8 59.8 59.7 59.7 59.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,116 51,195 51,261 50,771 50,989 51,000 50,835 50,817 50,920

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 55.7 55.7 55.5 55.6 55.5 55.3 55.2 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,707 3,960 3,667 4,046 3,889 3,961 4,012 4,136 3,994

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 7.2 6.7 7.4 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,651 4,506 4,404 5,002 4,910 4,793 4,853 4,783 4,746

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.9 35.2 34.4 38.6 38.2 37.3 37.8 37.3 37.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,647 3,568 3,494 3,822 3,747 3,674 3,715 3,775 3,676

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1 27.9 27.3 29.5 29.2 28.6 29.0 29.5 28.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,004 938 910 1,180 1,162 1,119 1,138 1,008 1,070

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.6 20.8 20.7 23.6 23.7 23.3 23.4 21.1 22.5

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,437 28,865 28,896 28,437 28,755 28,794 28,831 28,865 28,896

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,484 17,979 17,835 17,616 17,876 17,777 17,946 18,020 17,958

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 62.3 61.7 61.9 62.2 61.7 62.2 62.4 62.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,759 15,206 15,120 14,760 14,972 14,920 15,127 15,142 15,119

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.9 52.7 52.3 51.9 52.1 51.8 52.5 52.5 52.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,725 2,772 2,715 2,856 2,904 2,857 2,818 2,878 2,839

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.6 15.4 15.2 16.2 16.2 16.1 15.7 16.0 15.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,953 10,886 11,061 10,822 10,879 11,017 10,885 10,845 10,939

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,896 8,084 8,079 7,919 8,080 8,066 8,072 8,099 8,106

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 69.0 68.8 68.9 69.3 69.1 69.0 69.1 69.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,579 6,815 6,758 6,588 6,691 6,661 6,763 6,753 6,764

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 58.2 57.6 57.4 57.4 57.1 57.8 57.6 57.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,317 1,269 1,321 1,331 1,389 1,405 1,309 1,346 1,341

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.7 15.7 16.4 16.8 17.2 17.4 16.2 16.6 16.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,891 9,238 9,141 8,953 9,114 9,101 9,173 9,228 9,204

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 63.6 62.9 62.7 63.1 62.9 63.3 63.6 63.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,786 8,035 7,998 7,783 7,911 7,948 7,998 8,017 7,993

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.5 55.4 55.0 54.5 54.7 54.9 55.2 55.2 55.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,105 1,203 1,143 1,170 1,203 1,152 1,176 1,211 1,211

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 13.0 12.5 13.1 13.2 12.7 12.8 13.1 13.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698 657 615 744 682 611 700 693 648

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.2 24.9 23.4 27.9 25.7 23.1 26.5 26.3 24.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 356 365 389 370 310 366 372 361

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 13.5 13.9 14.6 14.0 11.7 13.9 14.1 13.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 301 250 355 312 300 334 321 287

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.5 45.8 40.7 47.7 45.7 49.2 47.7 46.3 44.2

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,904 11,376 11,387 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2009

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Aug.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,163 7,335 7,355 – – – – – –

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.7 64.5 64.6 – – – – – –

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,560 6,780 6,829 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.2 59.6 60.0 – – – – – –

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 555 526 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 7.6 7.2 – – – – – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,741 4,041 4,032 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2009

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Aug.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population.................. 33,379 34,102 34,188 33,379 33,836 33,927 34,014 34,102 34,188

Civilian labor force................................. 22,481 22,958 22,929 22,408 22,733 22,896 22,814 22,915 22,868

Participation rate................................. 67.3 67.3 67.1 67.1 67.2 67.5 67.1 67.2 66.9

Employed......................................... 19,591 20,042 19,957 19,532 19,991 20,042 19,936 19,899 19,906

Employment-population ratio................ 58.7 58.8 58.4 58.5 59.1 59.1 58.6 58.4 58.2

Unemployed...................................... 2,890 2,916 2,972 2,876 2,742 2,854 2,878 3,016 2,962

Unemployment rate........................... 12.9 12.7 13.0 12.8 12.1 12.5 12.6 13.2 13.0

Not in labor force................................... 10,899 11,145 11,259 10,971 11,102 11,031 11,201 11,188 11,320

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 12,804 13,000 13,115 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 82.4 81.8 82.3 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 11,168 11,454 11,431 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 71.9 72.1 71.7 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 1,636 1,546 1,684 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 12.8 11.9 12.8 – – – – – –

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 8,720 8,999 8,880 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 59.4 60.2 59.2 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 7,806 7,916 7,892 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 53.2 52.9 52.7 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 915 1,083 988 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 10.5 12.0 11.1 – – – – – –

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................. 956 959 934 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 30.3 29.4 28.6 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 617 672 633 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 19.5 20.6 19.4 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 340 288 300 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 35.5 30.0 32.2 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2009

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Aug.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................... 12,015 11,730 11,773 11,988 11,815 11,828 11,800 11,803 11,758

Participation rate.................................... 45.7 46.3 46.1 45.6 46.4 46.7 47.0 46.6 46.0

Employed............................................ 10,123 9,943 9,924 10,160 10,143 10,003 9,995 9,955 9,963

Employment-population ratio................... 38.5 39.3 38.9 38.7 39.8 39.5 39.8 39.3 39.0

Unemployed......................................... 1,892 1,788 1,850 1,829 1,673 1,824 1,805 1,848 1,795

Unemployment rate.............................. 15.7 15.2 15.7 15.3 14.2 15.4 15.3 15.7 15.3

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................... 37,808 37,794 38,231 37,732 38,266 38,151 38,051 37,824 38,203

Participation rate.................................... 61.7 61.0 60.9 61.6 61.9 61.9 61.6 61.1 60.9

Employed............................................ 33,803 34,178 34,470 33,746 34,352 34,331 34,225 34,035 34,465

Employment-population ratio................... 55.2 55.2 54.9 55.1 55.5 55.7 55.4 55.0 54.9

Unemployed......................................... 4,005 3,616 3,761 3,986 3,915 3,820 3,826 3,789 3,738

Unemployment rate.............................. 10.6 9.6 9.8 10.6 10.2 10.0 10.1 10.0 9.8

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................... 36,796 37,337 36,763 36,878 37,065 37,115 37,120 37,037 36,809

Participation rate.................................... 70.4 70.4 70.1 70.5 70.5 70.5 70.0 69.8 70.2

Employed............................................ 33,660 34,247 33,869 33,641 33,850 33,746 33,972 33,832 33,821

Employment-population ratio................... 64.4 64.6 64.6 64.3 64.4 64.1 64.0 63.8 64.5

Unemployed......................................... 3,135 3,090 2,894 3,237 3,215 3,369 3,148 3,205 2,988

Unemployment rate.............................. 8.5 8.3 7.9 8.8 8.7 9.1 8.5 8.7 8.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................... 45,927 46,330 46,310 45,912 45,677 46,488 46,132 46,322 46,312

Participation rate.................................... 77.2 76.6 76.9 77.1 75.8 76.5 76.1 76.6 76.9

Employed............................................ 43,752 44,101 44,170 43,654 43,574 44,405 43,971 43,952 44,095

Employment-population ratio................... 73.5 72.9 73.4 73.3 72.3 73.0 72.6 72.7 73.2

Unemployed......................................... 2,175 2,228 2,140 2,258 2,103 2,083 2,161 2,370 2,217

Unemployment rate.............................. 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.7 5.1 4.8

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2010

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,000 21,833 20,234 20,039 1,766 1,794

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,834 11,534 10,736 10,390 1,098 1,144

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.8 52.8 53.1 51.8 62.2 63.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,866 10,576 9,846 9,509 1,020 1,067

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 48.4 48.7 47.5 57.8 59.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968 957 891 881 78 77

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.5 7.1 6.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,166 10,299 9,498 9,649 668 650

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,120 2,242 1,755 1,897 365 345

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,768 1,794 1,496 1,558 273 236

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.4 80.0 85.2 82.1 74.7 68.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,628 1,584 1,377 1,374 252 210

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.8 70.7 78.4 72.4 69.0 60.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 210 119 184 21 26

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 11.7 8.0 11.8 7.6 10.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 448 259 339 92 109

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,825 2,924 2,374 2,470 451 454

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,464 2,530 2,124 2,163 340 367

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.2 86.5 89.5 87.6 75.3 80.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,307 2,395 1,987 2,039 320 356

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.7 81.9 83.7 82.5 70.9 78.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 136 137 125 20 11

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 5.4 6.5 5.8 5.9 3.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 394 250 307 111 87

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,130 10,796 10,764 10,448 367 348

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,108 3,847 3,974 3,718 135 129

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 35.6 36.9 35.6 36.8 37.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,741 3,516 3,615 3,395 126 122

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 32.6 33.6 32.5 34.4 34.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 331 359 323 9 8

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 8.6 9.0 8.7 6.5 6.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,022 6,949 6,790 6,730 232 219

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,925 5,871 5,341 5,224 584 647

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,494 3,362 3,143 2,951 351 412

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.0 57.3 58.8 56.5 60.1 63.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,190 3,081 2,867 2,701 323 380

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.8 52.5 53.7 51.7 55.3 58.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 281 276 249 28 32

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 8.4 8.8 8.5 8.0 7.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,431 2,508 2,198 2,273 233 235

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205,980 208,058 89,935 91,143 116,045 116,915

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,955 139,806 69,594 70,228 69,361 69,578

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 67.2 77.4 77.1 59.8 59.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,705 127,220 61,794 63,082 63,911 64,138

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.0 61.1 68.7 69.2 55.1 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,250 12,586 7,800 7,146 5,450 5,440

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 9.0 11.2 10.2 7.9 7.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,025 68,252 20,341 20,915 46,684 47,338

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time

periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and

another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2010

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population....................................................... 27,075 26,984 209,849 211,905

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 5,847 5,679 146,845 147,477

Participation rate...................................................................... 21.6 21.0 70.0 69.6

Employed.............................................................................. 5,042 4,869 132,910 134,290

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 18.6 18.0 63.3 63.4

Unemployed........................................................................... 805 810 13,935 13,187

Unemployment rate................................................................ 13.8 14.3 9.5 8.9

Not in labor force........................................................................ 21,228 21,305 63,004 64,428

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,629 2,591 74,975 75,101

Participation rate...................................................................... 36.4 34.6 82.5 82.2

Employed.............................................................................. 2,238 2,190 66,675 67,517

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 31.0 29.3 73.4 73.9

Unemployed........................................................................... 391 401 8,300 7,584

Unemployment rate................................................................ 14.9 15.5 11.1 10.1

Not in labor force........................................................................ 4,602 4,895 15,915 16,208

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,353 2,310 66,063 66,303

Participation rate...................................................................... 30.6 31.2 71.2 70.8

Employed.............................................................................. 2,028 1,966 60,818 61,110

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 26.4 26.5 65.6 65.3

Unemployed........................................................................... 324 344 5,245 5,193

Unemployment rate................................................................ 13.8 14.9 7.9 7.8

Not in labor force........................................................................ 5,339 5,097 26,686 27,339

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 865 778 5,807 6,073

Participation rate...................................................................... 7.1 6.4 22.2 22.5

Employed.............................................................................. 775 713 5,417 5,662

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 6.4 5.9 20.7 21.0

Unemployed........................................................................... 89 65 390 410

Unemployment rate................................................................ 10.3 8.4 6.7 6.8

Not in labor force........................................................................ 11,287 11,312 20,403 20,881

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing

even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;

has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or

shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2010

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 35,575 36,545 17,932 18,042 17,643 18,503

Civilian labor force................................................... 23,920 24,783 14,179 14,441 9,741 10,342

Participation rate................................................... 67.2 67.8 79.1 80.0 55.2 55.9

Employed........................................................... 21,290 22,153 12,517 12,856 8,773 9,297

Employment-population ratio.................................. 59.8 60.6 69.8 71.3 49.7 50.2

Unemployed........................................................ 2,630 2,630 1,662 1,584 968 1,045

Unemployment rate............................................. 11.0 10.6 11.7 11.0 9.9 10.1

Not in labor force..................................................... 11,655 11,762 3,753 3,602 7,902 8,160

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 201,349 202,344 96,795 97,689 104,554 104,655

Civilian labor force................................................... 128,773 128,373 67,064 67,063 61,709 61,310

Participation rate................................................... 64.0 63.4 69.3 68.6 59.0 58.6

Employed........................................................... 116,663 117,006 59,741 60,370 56,922 56,636

Employment-population ratio.................................. 57.9 57.8 61.7 61.8 54.4 54.1

Unemployed........................................................ 12,110 11,367 7,323 6,693 4,787 4,674

Unemployment rate............................................. 9.4 8.9 10.9 10.0 7.8 7.6

Not in labor force..................................................... 72,576 73,971 29,732 30,626 42,845 43,345

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or

one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the

United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2009

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Aug.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................... 1,952 2,127 2,037 2,079 2,187 2,172 2,348 2,185 2,176

Wage and salary workers......................... 1,228 1,347 1,295 1,313 1,306 1,310 1,446 1,385 1,384

Self-employed workers............................ 707 749 720 760 852 798 823 771 775

Unpaid family workers............................. 17 30 22 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries............................ 136,001 137,289 137,123 135,854 136,957 137,266 136,797 136,752 137,001

Wage and salary workers......................... 127,003 128,468 128,436 126,605 128,215 128,438 127,852 127,728 128,043

Government...................................... 21,128 20,745 20,745 21,146 20,564 20,855 20,717 20,600 20,759

Private industries................................ 105,875 107,723 107,691 105,481 107,709 107,451 107,100 107,146 107,303

Private households............................ 736 650 635 – – – – – –

Other industries............................... 105,139 107,073 107,056 104,738 107,057 106,859 106,470 106,516 106,665

Self-employed workers............................ 8,915 8,727 8,589 9,119 8,715 8,752 8,862 8,832 8,783

Unpaid family workers............................. 83 93 97 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1

All industries

Part time for economic reasons2................... 9,354 8,670 9,205 9,093 8,883 9,506 9,100 8,960 8,931

Slack work or business conditions............... 6,758 5,897 6,347 6,397 6,357 6,732 6,174 6,025 6,011

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,286 2,487 2,499 2,362 2,379 2,478 2,564 2,557 2,568

Part time for noneconomic reasons3

.............. 19,082 19,290 18,872 18,359 18,566 18,256 18,230 18,326 18,184

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons2

................... 9,222 8,526 9,029 8,993 8,752 9,380 8,991 8,822 8,789

Slack work or business conditions............... 6,672 5,805 6,230 6,327 6,276 6,649 6,108 5,941 5,911

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,267 2,468 2,470 2,340 2,347 2,454 2,534 2,555 2,542

Part time for noneconomic reasons3

.............. 18,740 18,928 18,525 18,020 18,175 17,911 17,848 17,929 17,829

1 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the

entire week.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,

inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

3 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,

retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during

the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2009

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Aug.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,953 139,415 139,159 137,960 139,267 139,378 139,084 138,909 139,206

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,272 4,165 4,116 4,444 4,383 4,256 4,319 4,393 4,298

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,381 1,369 1,363 1,446 1,413 1,405 1,434 1,440 1,434

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,891 2,796 2,753 3,005 2,979 2,857 2,894 2,961 2,869

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,680 135,250 135,044 133,516 134,885 135,121 134,764 134,515 134,908

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,343 12,781 12,611 12,426 12,838 12,825 12,774 12,774 12,713

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,337 122,469 122,433 121,095 122,110 122,254 121,910 121,744 122,196

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,030 94,347 94,156 93,838 94,060 94,076 94,011 93,723 93,962

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,875 30,458 30,384 29,829 30,341 30,321 30,323 30,214 30,345

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,831 30,715 30,528 30,748 30,598 30,538 30,650 30,527 30,447

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,325 33,175 33,244 33,260 33,120 33,217 33,037 32,982 33,170

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,307 28,122 28,276 27,257 28,051 28,178 27,899 28,021 28,234

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,258 73,540 73,226 72,609 73,600 73,594 73,470 73,337 73,600

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,008 2,069 1,991 2,129 2,095 2,035 2,106 2,206 2,121

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618 627 635 673 671 662 660 688 695

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,389 1,443 1,356 1,449 1,437 1,371 1,443 1,524 1,420

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,251 71,471 71,235 70,479 71,505 71,559 71,365 71,130 71,480

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,127 6,473 6,438 6,245 6,573 6,533 6,542 6,502 6,568

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,124 64,998 64,798 64,224 64,976 65,005 64,803 64,617 64,904

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,905 50,304 50,049 49,970 50,345 50,306 50,209 49,970 50,117

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,146 16,491 16,443 16,127 16,495 16,436 16,434 16,331 16,428

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,615 16,652 16,511 16,631 16,603 16,547 16,573 16,543 16,522

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,144 17,162 17,095 17,212 17,247 17,324 17,202 17,096 17,168

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,219 14,693 14,749 14,253 14,630 14,699 14,594 14,648 14,787

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,694 65,875 65,933 65,351 65,667 65,784 65,613 65,572 65,605

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,265 2,096 2,125 2,315 2,288 2,221 2,214 2,187 2,177

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763 742 728 772 742 743 774 752 739

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,502 1,354 1,397 1,556 1,542 1,486 1,452 1,437 1,449

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,430 63,779 63,809 63,037 63,379 63,562 63,400 63,385 63,428

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,216 6,308 6,174 6,182 6,265 6,292 6,232 6,272 6,145

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,213 57,471 57,635 56,871 57,135 57,249 57,106 57,127 57,292

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,125 44,042 44,108 43,867 43,714 43,770 43,801 43,753 43,845

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,728 13,967 13,941 13,702 13,846 13,885 13,889 13,883 13,917

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,215 14,063 14,017 14,118 13,995 13,992 14,077 13,983 13,925

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,181 16,013 16,150 16,048 15,873 15,894 15,836 15,887 16,003

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,089 13,429 13,527 13,004 13,420 13,479 13,305 13,374 13,447

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,364 43,296 43,119 43,323 43,418 43,701 43,301 43,130 43,081

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,198 34,725 34,850 34,962 34,271 34,469 34,553 34,543 34,612

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,403 8,817 8,878 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,875 111,348 111,207 110,403 111,805 111,710 111,585 111,187 111,744

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,078 28,068 27,953 27,492 27,711 27,649 27,433 27,594 27,394

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,886 6,816 6,884 6,936 6,805 6,687 6,679 6,734 6,950

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.0

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Dec.

2009

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Aug.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over............................. 15,212 15,041 14,485 9.9 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.4

16 to 19 years...................................... 1,631 1,426 1,460 26.8 26.2 26.0 27.1 24.5 25.4

16 to 17 years.................................... 613 476 533 29.8 31.2 30.0 30.3 24.9 27.1

18 to 19 years.................................... 1,027 947 933 25.5 23.8 23.3 24.7 24.2 24.5

20 years and over.................................. 13,581 13,615 13,025 9.2 9.0 8.9 9.0 9.2 8.8

20 to 24 years.................................... 2,310 2,418 2,296 15.7 14.9 14.9 15.3 15.9 15.3

25 years and over............................... 11,245 11,188 10,716 8.5 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.4 8.1

25 to 54 years................................. 9,184 8,983 8,674 8.9 8.6 8.7 8.5 8.7 8.5

25 to 34 years.............................. 3,388 3,513 3,418 10.2 9.8 10.0 9.9 10.4 10.1

35 to 44 years.............................. 2,956 2,558 2,566 8.8 7.8 8.3 7.9 7.7 7.8

45 to 54 years.............................. 2,840 2,912 2,690 7.9 8.2 7.7 7.8 8.1 7.5

55 years and over............................. 2,119 2,184 2,088 7.2 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.2 6.9

Men, 16 years and over.............................. 8,925 8,649 8,245 10.9 10.5 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.1

16 to 19 years...................................... 941 800 818 30.7 29.5 29.3 29.4 26.6 27.8

16 to 17 years.................................... 333 274 284 33.1 32.8 33.3 33.8 28.5 29.0

18 to 19 years.................................... 613 523 536 29.7 27.8 26.2 26.8 25.5 27.4

20 years and over.................................. 7,983 7,849 7,426 10.2 9.8 9.7 9.7 9.9 9.4

20 to 24 years.................................... 1,424 1,440 1,340 18.6 17.3 17.1 16.5 18.1 16.9

25 years and over............................... 6,547 6,417 6,079 9.3 9.1 9.0 8.9 9.0 8.6

25 to 54 years................................. 5,337 5,145 4,926 9.7 9.2 9.3 9.1 9.3 8.9

25 to 34 years.............................. 2,011 2,002 1,950 11.1 10.5 10.8 10.4 10.9 10.6

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,641 1,417 1,418 9.0 8.2 8.6 8.2 7.9 7.9

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,685 1,726 1,558 8.9 9.0 8.6 8.6 9.2 8.3

55 years and over............................. 1,210 1,272 1,152 7.8 8.5 7.9 8.3 8.0 7.2

Women, 16 years and over.......................... 6,287 6,392 6,240 8.8 8.6 8.6 8.8 8.9 8.7

16 to 19 years...................................... 689 626 641 22.9 22.9 22.8 24.8 22.3 22.8

16 to 17 years.................................... 280 202 248 26.6 29.6 26.8 27.0 21.2 25.2

18 to 19 years.................................... 414 425 397 21.0 19.7 20.4 22.6 22.8 21.5

20 years and over.................................. 5,598 5,766 5,599 8.2 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.1

20 to 24 years.................................... 886 978 956 12.5 12.3 12.4 13.9 13.5 13.5

25 years and over............................... 4,698 4,771 4,638 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.5

25 to 54 years................................. 3,846 3,838 3,747 8.1 7.8 7.9 7.9 8.1 7.9

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,376 1,511 1,468 9.1 9.1 9.0 9.4 9.8 9.5

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,315 1,141 1,147 8.5 7.2 8.1 7.5 7.5 7.6

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,156 1,186 1,132 6.7 7.2 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.6

55 years and over1

........................... 800 887 830 5.8 6.9 6.4 5.9 6.2 5.8

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present....................... 3,357 3,214 3,047 7.2 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.6

Married women, spouse present.................... 2,184 2,118 2,046 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.6

Women who maintain families1

.................... 1,258 1,317 1,207 13.0 13.4 12.9 12.4 13.0 12.0

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2.................................... 13,370 13,298 12,650 10.8 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.7 10.2

Part-time workers3................................... 1,788 1,690 1,764 6.1 6.7 6.1 6.3 5.8 6.0

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time

jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2009

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Aug.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 9,822 8,926 8,995 9,688 9,285 9,286 9,070 9,471 8,923

On temporary layoff................................ 1,683 1,172 1,547 1,530 1,505 1,340 1,293 1,430 1,402

Not on temporary layoff............................ 8,140 7,754 7,448 8,158 7,780 7,947 7,777 8,042 7,521

Permanent job losers............................ 6,718 6,183 5,917 6,736 6,411 6,467 6,254 6,425 5,995

Persons who completed temporary jobs...... 1,422 1,571 1,530 1,422 1,368 1,479 1,523 1,617 1,526

Job leavers............................................. 860 852 861 916 868 809 854 864 914

Reentrants............................................. 3,012 3,348 3,031 3,385 3,418 3,441 3,498 3,427 3,408

New entrants.......................................... 1,046 1,156 1,110 1,244 1,260 1,193 1,278 1,269 1,311

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 66.6 62.5 64.3 63.6 62.6 63.0 61.7 63.0 61.3

On temporary layoff................................ 11.4 8.2 11.1 10.0 10.1 9.1 8.8 9.5 9.6

Not on temporary layoff............................ 55.2 54.3 53.2 53.6 52.5 54.0 52.9 53.5 51.7

Job leavers............................................. 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.0 5.9 5.5 5.8 5.8 6.3

Reentrants............................................. 20.4 23.4 21.7 22.2 23.0 23.4 23.8 22.8 23.4

New entrants.......................................... 7.1 8.1 7.9 8.2 8.5 8.1 8.7 8.4 9.0

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 6.4 5.8 5.9 6.3 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.2 5.8

Job leavers............................................. 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6

Reentrants............................................. 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2

New entrants.......................................... 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2009

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Aug.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 2,871 2,639 2,681 2,908 2,756 2,872 2,659 2,824 2,725

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 3,335 3,152 3,043 3,483 3,604 3,329 3,427 3,336 3,184

15 weeks and over.................................... 8,534 8,491 8,273 8,913 8,471 8,517 8,734 8,843 8,647

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 2,638 2,233 2,073 2,781 2,210 2,364 2,500 2,515 2,205

27 weeks and over................................. 5,896 6,258 6,200 6,133 6,261 6,153 6,234 6,328 6,441

Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 29.0 34.5 34.0 29.3 33.5 33.4 33.9 33.9 34.2

Median duration, in weeks........................... 20.2 21.7 22.3 20.4 20.6 20.5 21.3 21.7 22.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 19.5 18.5 19.2 19.0 18.6 19.5 17.9 18.8 18.7

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 22.6 22.1 21.7 22.8 24.3 22.6 23.1 22.2 21.9

15 weeks and over.................................... 57.9 59.5 59.1 58.2 57.1 57.9 58.9 58.9 59.4

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 17.9 15.6 14.8 18.2 14.9 16.1 16.9 16.8 15.2

27 weeks and over................................. 40.0 43.8 44.3 40.1 42.2 41.8 42.1 42.2 44.3

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2010

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 137,953 139,159 14,740 13,997 9.7 9.1

Management, professional, and related occupations............ 52,131 51,704 2,509 2,468 4.6 4.6

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations...................................................... 20,944 20,393 1,157 1,243 5.2 5.7

Professional and related occupations........................... 31,188 31,310 1,352 1,225 4.2 3.8

Service occupations.................................................. 24,216 24,717 2,747 2,696 10.2 9.8

Sales and office occupations....................................... 33,296 33,407 3,184 3,023 8.7 8.3

Sales and related occupations................................... 15,478 15,521 1,520 1,407 8.9 8.3

Office and administrative support occupations................. 17,819 17,885 1,664 1,616 8.5 8.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations......................................................... 12,617 12,666 2,802 2,407 18.2 16.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 869 925 242 268 21.8 22.5

Construction and extraction occupations....................... 7,106 6,849 2,067 1,785 22.5 20.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............. 4,642 4,892 494 354 9.6 6.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations......................................................... 15,692 16,666 2,425 2,245 13.4 11.9

Production occupations........................................... 7,420 8,339 1,281 1,109 14.7 11.7

Transportation and material moving occupations.............. 8,272 8,327 1,144 1,137 12.2 12.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2010

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 14,740 13,997 9.7 9.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers................................... 11,997 11,008 10.2 9.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..................................... 89 83 11.8 10.8

Construction........................................................................... 2,044 1,749 22.7 20.7

Manufacturing......................................................................... 1,747 1,551 11.9 10.0

Durable goods...................................................................... 1,245 999 13.3 10.4

Nondurable goods................................................................. 502 551 9.5 9.4

Wholesale and retail trade.......................................................... 1,851 1,698 9.1 8.2

Transportation and utilities.......................................................... 539 428 9.0 7.4

Information............................................................................ 256 244 8.5 8.1

Financial activities.................................................................... 665 568 7.2 6.4

Professional and business services................................................ 1,486 1,477 10.3 10.2

Education and health services...................................................... 1,183 1,139 5.6 5.2

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 1,624 1,580 12.6 12.0

Other services........................................................................ 513 491 8.2 7.9

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers.......................... 292 278 19.7 18.1

Government workers.................................................................... 797 950 3.6 4.4

Self-employed and unpaid family workers........................................... 609 650 5.9 6.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2009

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Aug.

2010

Sept.

2010

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010

Dec.

2010

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force.............. 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.7 5.6

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force........................................... 6.4 5.8 5.9 6.3 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.2 5.8

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate).................................................. 9.7 9.3 9.1 9.9 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.4

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

discouraged workers............................... 10.2 10.0 9.9 10.5 10.3 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.2

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,

plus all other persons marginally attached to

the labor force, as a percent of the civilian

labor force plus all persons marginally attached

to the labor force................................... 11.1 10.8 10.7 11.4 11.0 11.0 11.2 11.2 10.9

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all

persons marginally attached to the labor

force.................................................. 17.1 16.3 16.6 17.2 16.7 17.1 17.0 17.0 16.7

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are

available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a

job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for

full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2010

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2010

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................. 84,231 85,733 33,485 34,228 50,747 51,505

Persons who currently want a job.................................. 5,939 6,212 2,896 2,936 3,043 3,276

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,486 2,609 1,384 1,326 1,102 1,283

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 929 1,318 594 829 334 489

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .. 1,558 1,291 790 497 768 794

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4............................................. 6,886 6,884 3,369 3,259 3,517 3,625

Percent of total employed........................................... 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.5 5.4 5.5

Primary job full time, secondary job part time.................... 3,641 3,514 2,010 1,889 1,632 1,624

Primary and secondary jobs both part time....................... 1,818 1,916 549 596 1,268 1,320

Primary and secondary jobs both full time........................ 202 251 123 156 79 95

Hours vary on primary or secondary job.......................... 1,198 1,164 670 597 528 567

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,

but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling

or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation

problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Change

from:

Nov. 2010-

Dec. 2010p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,448 131,600 131,871 131,514 129,588 130,538 130,609 130,712 103

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,623 108,970 109,124 108,919 107,107 108,261 108,340 108,453 113

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,871 18,359 18,257 17,989 17,906 18,048 18,043 18,041 -2

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676 769 771 770 676 759 764 768 4

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.5 49.1 47.9 48.6 46.9 47.1 46.8 47.7 0.9

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628.1 720.2 723.2 721.2 629.4 711.8 716.8 720.0 3.2

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.7 169.4 169.2 167.8 159.8 169.8 168.7 167.7 -1.0

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204.0 222.9 222.9 215.6 207.7 218.3 219.6 219.1 -0.5

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.6 84.9 85.2 85.8 79.2 84.8 84.9 85.3 0.4

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264.4 327.9 331.1 337.8 261.9 323.7 328.5 333.2 4.7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,615 5,850 5,762 5,501 5,696 5,621 5,619 5,603 -16

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,282.5 1,292.9 1,282.9 1,245.7 1,282.5 1,256.2 1,257.5 1,251.2 -6.3

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600.5 589.8 582.9 561.3 599.9 569.5 568.8 562.9 -5.9

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682.0 703.1 700.0 684.4 682.6 686.7 688.7 688.3 -0.4

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . . 763.3 894.0 862.9 776.1 797.9 829.2 828.7 816.0 -12.7

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,568.9 3,662.7 3,615.8 3,478.8 3,615.1 3,535.2 3,532.8 3,536.1 3.3

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . 1,538.6 1,576.3 1,551.2 1,498.6 1,567.2 1,519.1 1,519.9 1,524.0 4.1

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . . 2,030.5 2,086.4 2,064.6 1,980.2 2,047.9 2,016.1 2,012.9 2,012.1 -0.8

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,580 11,740 11,724 11,718 11,534 11,668 11,660 11,670 10

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,079 7,225 7,230 7,236 7,036 7,186 7,184 7,194 10

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347.9 345.8 345.8 343.7 348.9 343.8 344.1 344.3 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379.4 391.5 388.3 376.2 383.9 383.3 382.0 379.6 -2.4

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.4 376.3 375.5 376.8 351.8 374.6 374.2 375.1 0.9

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,277.4 1,335.2 1,334.4 1,336.3 1,266.8 1,322.4 1,324.8 1,328.9 4.1

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982.0 1,008.1 1,010.3 1,010.9 973.2 1,001.2 1,001.6 998.8 -2.8

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,098.5 1,102.1 1,105.9 1,111.8 1,093.3 1,103.2 1,104.0 1,107.6 3.6

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . . 159.3 162.3 163.6 165.5 158.3 162.3 162.6 163.3 0.7

Communication equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.3 123.3 123.1 123.6 119.0 123.3 123.1 123.6 0.5

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361.9 368.6 369.1 371.8 359.7 368.8 368.9 370.7 1.8

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409.6 403.1 404.7 405.7 408.9 403.9 404.6 405.4 0.8

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . . 362.7 375.4 374.2 375.5 361.8 374.7 373.1 375.8 2.7

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,334.1 1,353.3 1,360.0 1,372.2 1,316.6 1,351.0 1,351.6 1,357.1 5.5

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667.1 688.5 694.6 702.4 652.2 686.2 686.3 689.6 3.3

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.8 357.1 354.5 353.0 363.9 356.1 354.1 352.6 -1.5

Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579.1 580.1 581.0 579.8 575.6 575.8 574.7 573.9 -0.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,501 4,515 4,494 4,482 4,498 4,482 4,476 4,476 0

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,459.9 1,472.4 1,459.6 1,459.5 1,455.6 1,449.9 1,448.4 1,450.8 2.4

Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . . 180.8 189.2 185.9 181.1 183.6 184.9 185.4 183.5 -1.9

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.8 123.8 124.2 125.0 124.2 123.6 123.8 124.8 1.0

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.3 121.4 118.9 117.7 122.1 119.9 117.7 117.7 0.0

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.5 164.2 162.3 163.6 166.0 164.4 163.7 165.0 1.3

Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.4 30.1 29.9 30.6 28.4 29.8 30.0 30.3 0.3

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398.3 398.5 397.3 397.4 397.6 398.3 396.6 396.8 0.2

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . . 504.3 490.6 492.9 488.1 501.0 488.5 488.8 484.8 -4.0

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.9 117.2 113.5 105.3 112.3 113.9 112.4 110.6 -1.8

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792.0 772.8 773.8 775.0 791.2 775.1 773.6 772.7 -0.9

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616.7 635.2 635.5 638.5 616.4 634.1 635.4 639.0 3.6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,752 90,611 90,867 90,930 89,201 90,213 90,297 90,412 115

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,251 24,931 25,275 25,462 24,653 24,849 24,849 24,880 31

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,581.9 5,625.9 5,634.2 5,639.9 5,564.0 5,605.0 5,610.2 5,619.0 8.8

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,772.4 2,795.1 2,801.5 2,811.5 2,766.7 2,787.5 2,793.3 2,800.5 7.2

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,982.1 1,985.6 1,987.6 1,980.8 1,974.3 1,976.0 1,974.0 1,974.3 0.3

Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. . 827.4 845.2 845.1 847.6 823.0 841.5 842.9 844.2 1.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,871.1 14,498.0 14,815.6 14,997.5 14,360.0 14,483.1 14,463.7 14,475.7 12.0

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,611.2 1,655.2 1,653.1 1,654.0 1,624.0 1,649.5 1,656.9 1,664.4 7.5

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,007.0 1,030.7 1,031.3 1,034.9 1,014.0 1,027.9 1,033.2 1,038.1 4.9

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . 464.9 449.6 460.1 470.7 439.0 444.9 443.8 447.6 3.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Change

from:

Nov. 2010-

Dec. 2010p

Retail trade - Continued

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 499.1 494.3 512.3 514.2 477.2 491.7 491.4 490.2 -1.2

Building material and garden supply stores.. . 1,121.5 1,123.2 1,113.2 1,106.0 1,150.0 1,137.1 1,133.8 1,134.5 0.7

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,827.0 2,811.4 2,831.1 2,833.3 2,799.8 2,807.7 2,806.8 2,807.3 0.5

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 996.2 969.3 978.0 978.6 978.7 971.0 968.4 960.8 -7.6

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820.8 820.7 817.8 814.5 822.5 818.6 818.9 819.1 0.2

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . 1,495.2 1,416.1 1,496.3 1,557.8 1,360.9 1,415.6 1,412.9 1,419.0 6.1

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659.5 607.6 630.0 655.8 606.9 602.4 600.2 600.8 0.6

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,125.1 2,942.8 3,091.8 3,164.3 2,911.8 2,955.0 2,943.9 2,945.3 1.4

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,623.1 1,479.7 1,593.2 1,656.9 1,458.7 1,490.8 1,483.8 1,484.5 0.7

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793.6 776.3 784.6 787.7 769.4 768.3 767.0 764.9 -2.1

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457.0 431.5 447.3 460.6 419.8 421.3 419.7 421.8 2.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,240.1 4,254.9 4,274.4 4,274.0 4,171.8 4,208.2 4,223.5 4,232.3 8.8

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451.6 454.9 453.5 455.6 453.8 454.7 454.9 455.6 0.7

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.7 222.7 223.8 223.7 213.7 222.4 223.0 223.6 0.6

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 65.4 64.5 64.8 63.3 64.9 65.1 65.2 0.1

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,234.5 1,264.8 1,260.6 1,251.1 1,231.3 1,243.9 1,247.5 1,250.1 2.6

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429.0 453.6 453.1 455.3 414.6 437.1 436.6 439.1 2.5

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.8 39.1 39.1 39.1 40.7 38.9 38.9 39.1 0.2

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . . 24.4 29.6 24.6 22.4 28.1 28.2 27.7 26.5 -1.2

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . . 542.6 549.8 548.4 549.0 538.5 546.2 545.7 545.4 -0.3

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596.7 521.0 543.5 555.2 553.6 524.2 533.1 536.4 3.3

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643.9 654.0 663.3 657.8 634.2 647.7 651.0 651.3 0.3

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557.6 552.4 551.0 550.5 557.2 552.8 551.8 552.9 1.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,763 2,708 2,728 2,721 2,748 2,713 2,715 2,711 -4

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . 774.5 759.9 763.7 763.0 769.3 759.9 759.8 759.4 -0.4

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344.7 347.0 357.3 353.9 341.7 351.4 353.5 354.9 1.4

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296.4 299.1 299.6 298.8 294.3 297.8 297.3 296.7 -0.6

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960.0 916.2 918.9 916.5 956.9 916.3 916.0 911.5 -4.5

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250.6 244.3 245.7 246.0 250.2 245.2 245.2 245.4 0.2

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.3 141.5 142.9 142.8 135.3 141.9 142.7 142.7 0.0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,667 7,586 7,577 7,590 7,657 7,585 7,581 7,585 4

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,704.2 5,648.0 5,653.2 5,657.9 5,693.7 5,650.8 5,650.2 5,650.8 0.6

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 21.0 21.3 21.8 21.8 21.1 21.5 21.8 21.9 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,572.7 2,573.2 2,573.9 2,575.8 2,570.9 2,575.4 2,575.0 2,575.1 0.1

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,752.6 1,764.7 1,765.2 1,768.0 1,750.3 1,766.5 1,766.8 1,768.3 1.5

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,312.3 1,323.1 1,322.7 1,326.0 1,310.8 1,324.4 1,324.8 1,326.9 2.1

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799.6 796.9 799.0 805.3 795.9 797.3 798.6 803.0 4.4

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . . 2,224.0 2,171.2 2,172.9 2,169.6 2,219.6 2,171.6 2,169.3 2,165.6 -3.7

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . . 86.9 85.4 85.6 85.4 86.2 85.0 85.5 85.2 -0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,962.7 1,938.2 1,923.4 1,932.1 1,963.3 1,934.2 1,930.9 1,934.5 3.6

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,408.6 1,383.1 1,377.6 1,387.5 1,403.5 1,379.8 1,378.8 1,384.7 5.9

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528.3 530.8 521.7 520.2 534.2 530.0 527.9 525.6 -2.3

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . . 25.8 24.3 24.1 24.4 25.6 24.4 24.2 24.2 0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,569 16,995 17,020 16,951 16,488 16,798 16,847 16,854 7

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 7,471.5 7,404.9 7,436.4 7,475.6 7,431.5 7,428.0 7,436.0 7,437.4 1.4

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,107.5 1,107.9 1,107.2 1,111.6 1,104.5 1,107.6 1,106.7 1,105.7 -1.0

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . . 925.4 813.0 824.7 859.3 915.8 875.3 873.2 862.5 -10.7

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . 1,291.9 1,285.0 1,284.4 1,277.3 1,291.7 1,275.4 1,276.1 1,274.8 -1.3

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,435.4 1,481.8 1,486.8 1,488.9 1,428.3 1,473.6 1,475.7 1,481.0 5.3

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,005.1 1,005.8 1,013.8 1,018.4 993.3 996.2 1,000.8 1,003.7 2.9

Management of companies and enterprises. . . . 1,828.4 1,835.3 1,835.1 1,841.2 1,819.8 1,834.9 1,835.1 1,836.4 1.3

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,269.4 7,754.9 7,748.1 7,634.3 7,236.4 7,535.5 7,575.5 7,580.1 4.6

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Change

from:

Nov. 2010-

Dec. 2010p

Administrative and waste services - Continued

Administrative and support services1

. . . . . . . . 6,922.8 7,395.9 7,390.8 7,280.8 6,888.7 7,179.8 7,220.2 7,224.9 4.7

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,659.7 2,985.1 3,013.6 3,002.9 2,575.0 2,844.9 2,880.4 2,888.7 8.3

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,981.8 2,293.1 2,313.4 2,304.7 1,911.0 2,172.4 2,203.5 2,219.4 15.9

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826.7 807.9 820.2 826.4 805.3 800.8 803.1 805.3 2.2

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . . 1,654.2 1,783.2 1,739.7 1,645.8 1,725.9 1,730.7 1,725.6 1,723.7 -1.9

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346.6 359.0 357.3 353.5 347.7 355.7 355.3 355.2 -0.1

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,520 19,853 19,956 19,941 19,350 19,691 19,728 19,772 44

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,226.3 3,315.7 3,360.3 3,310.0 3,107.3 3,170.4 3,180.9 3,187.4 6.5

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,294.1 16,537.1 16,595.8 16,631.4 16,242.5 16,520.6 16,547.2 16,584.3 37.1

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,675.3 13,859.3 13,898.0 13,937.5 13,640.6 13,852.9 13,870.7 13,906.4 35.7

Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . . 5,866.4 5,986.3 6,001.9 6,027.3 5,847.2 5,980.5 5,986.8 6,007.4 20.6

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,318.5 2,333.3 2,338.9 2,348.4 2,306.5 2,330.7 2,331.9 2,335.2 3.3

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547.4 559.6 561.0 568.8 546.2 559.6 559.8 566.3 6.5

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,053.2 1,085.1 1,092.4 1,095.3 1,051.0 1,083.6 1,087.5 1,091.8 4.3

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,701.2 4,729.0 4,742.4 4,750.1 4,694.4 4,728.8 4,736.5 4,744.5 8.0

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,107.7 3,144.0 3,153.7 3,160.1 3,099.0 3,143.6 3,147.4 3,154.5 7.1

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,653.2 1,664.0 1,670.9 1,672.0 1,648.2 1,663.6 1,665.6 1,667.5 1.9

Social assistance1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,618.8 2,677.8 2,697.8 2,693.9 2,601.9 2,667.7 2,676.5 2,677.9 1.4

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872.5 881.1 888.0 882.8 858.9 870.1 871.2 869.4 -1.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,691 13,128 12,930 12,911 12,991 13,172 13,184 13,231 47

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,739.0 1,855.8 1,750.9 1,762.6 1,886.5 1,898.6 1,898.3 1,916.5 18.2

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . . 376.2 410.8 400.7 401.0 391.8 407.9 415.8 417.7 1.9

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks. . . 121.9 127.8 123.4 120.6 129.0 127.6 127.9 128.1 0.2

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . . 1,240.9 1,317.2 1,226.8 1,241.0 1,365.7 1,363.1 1,354.6 1,370.7 16.1

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,951.5 11,272.0 11,179.0 11,148.1 11,104.5 11,272.9 11,285.5 11,314.6 29.1

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,683.4 1,744.1 1,702.3 1,695.7 1,733.1 1,754.1 1,750.2 1,754.8 4.6

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . 9,268.1 9,527.9 9,476.7 9,452.4 9,371.4 9,518.8 9,535.3 9,559.8 24.5

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,291 5,410 5,381 5,354 5,314 5,405 5,393 5,379 -14

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,131.8 1,158.8 1,150.1 1,144.4 1,139.8 1,157.4 1,153.7 1,150.9 -2.8

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,268.1 1,278.8 1,272.4 1,276.7 1,269.6 1,281.9 1,276.6 1,280.8 4.2

Membership associations and organizations. . . . 2,890.9 2,972.5 2,958.6 2,932.6 2,904.4 2,965.4 2,962.8 2,947.7 -15.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,825 22,630 22,747 22,595 22,481 22,277 22,269 22,259 -10

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,816.0 2,840.0 2,834.0 2,840.0 2,824.0 2,838.0 2,842.0 2,852.0 10.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,148.8 2,189.7 2,190.7 2,194.5 2,160.1 2,190.8 2,198.4 2,208.7 10.3

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667.5 650.4 642.8 645.5 663.7 646.9 643.6 643.6 0.0

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,281.0 5,331.0 5,360.0 5,295.0 5,178.0 5,182.0 5,184.0 5,184.0 0.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,502.3 2,585.3 2,616.5 2,553.9 2,383.7 2,427.1 2,429.3 2,430.9 1.6

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 2,778.9 2,746.1 2,743.5 2,740.6 2,794.5 2,754.4 2,754.8 2,753.4 -1.4

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,728.0 14,459.0 14,553.0 14,460.0 14,479.0 14,257.0 14,243.0 14,223.0 -20.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,363.1 8,154.0 8,257.4 8,218.7 8,040.0 7,914.5 7,906.9 7,899.7 -7.2

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 6,364.7 6,304.9 6,295.1 6,241.1 6,438.9 6,342.2 6,335.9 6,323.6 -12.3

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 33.8 34.3 34.3 34.3

Goods-producing..................................................................... 38.8 39.7 39.7 39.7

Mining and logging................................................................ 42.1 43.3 43.1 43.5

Construction........................................................................ 36.9 38.0 38.0 38.2

Manufacturing...................................................................... 39.6 40.3 40.3 40.2

Durable goods................................................................... 39.7 40.5 40.6 40.5

Nondurable goods............................................................... 39.3 40.0 39.8 39.8

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.8 33.2 33.2 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 34.0 34.4 34.3 34.6

Wholesale trade................................................................. 37.6 38.5 38.4 38.4

Retail trade....................................................................... 31.2 31.3 31.2 31.6

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 37.9 38.7 38.7 38.8

Utilities............................................................................ 40.5 42.0 41.7 41.4

Information.......................................................................... 36.5 36.9 36.8 36.7

Financial activities................................................................. 36.7 37.1 37.2 37.1

Professional and business services............................................. 35.1 35.7 35.7 35.8

Education and health services................................................... 32.7 33.0 33.0 32.9

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 25.6 25.8 25.8 25.7

Other services...................................................................... 31.3 31.9 31.8 31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 2.7 3.1 3.1 3.1

Durable goods........................................................................ 2.5 2.9 3.1 3.0

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.2

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Total private................................................. $22.38 $22.74 $22.75 $22.78 $ 756.44 $ 779.98 $ 780.33 $ 781.35

Goods-producing........................................ 23.84 24.16 24.15 24.18 924.99 959.15 958.76 959.95

Mining and logging................................... 26.97 27.73 27.65 27.62 1,135.44 1,200.71 1,191.72 1,201.47

Construction........................................... 25.03 25.30 25.36 25.40 923.61 961.40 963.68 970.28

Manufacturing......................................... 23.10 23.40 23.36 23.37 914.76 943.02 941.41 939.47

Durable goods...................................... 24.65 24.86 24.84 24.85 978.61 1,006.83 1,008.50 1,006.43

Nondurable goods................................. 20.65 21.03 20.93 20.96 811.55 841.20 833.01 834.21

Private service-providing............................... 22.03 22.39 22.42 22.45 722.58 743.35 744.34 745.34

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 19.53 19.87 19.89 19.86 664.02 683.53 682.23 687.16

Wholesale trade.................................... 25.91 26.33 26.34 26.31 974.22 1,013.71 1,011.46 1,010.30

Retail trade.......................................... 15.47 15.64 15.66 15.63 482.66 489.53 488.59 493.91

Transportation and warehousing................. 20.69 21.20 21.22 21.30 784.15 820.44 821.21 826.44

Utilities............................................... 32.93 33.24 33.00 33.23 1,333.67 1,396.08 1,376.10 1,375.72

Information............................................. 30.03 31.14 31.22 31.26 1,096.10 1,149.07 1,148.90 1,147.24

Financial activities.................................... 26.83 27.30 27.33 27.42 984.66 1,012.83 1,016.68 1,017.28

Professional and business services................ 27.09 27.43 27.46 27.47 950.86 979.25 980.32 983.43

Education and health services...................... 22.55 23.07 23.07 23.17 737.39 761.31 761.31 762.29

Leisure and hospitality............................... 13.10 13.11 13.10 13.14 335.36 338.24 337.98 337.70

Other services......................................... 20.04 20.05 20.16 20.18 627.25 639.60 641.09 641.72

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2010-

Dec.

2010p

Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2010 -

Dec.

2010p

Total private....................................... 90.7 93.1 93.1 93.2 0.1 96.8 100.9 101.0 101.3 0.3

Goods-producing............................... 79.2 81.6 81.6 81.6 0.0 85.3 89.1 89.1 89.2 0.1

Mining and logging.......................... 89.4 103.3 103.5 105.0 1.4 96.8 115.0 114.9 116.4 1.3

Construction.................................. 72.4 73.6 73.6 73.8 0.3 78.8 80.9 81.1 81.4 0.4

Manufacturing................................ 82.2 84.6 84.5 84.4 -0.1 88.3 92.1 91.8 91.7 -0.1

Durable goods............................ 78.6 81.9 82.1 82.0 -0.1 86.1 90.5 90.6 90.5 -0.1

Nondurable goods........................ 88.2 89.5 88.9 88.9 0.0 92.4 95.5 94.4 94.6 0.2

Private service-providing...................... 94.0 96.2 96.3 96.4 0.1 100.3 104.3 104.6 104.9 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 91.1 92.9 92.6 93.6 1.1 95.8 99.4 99.2 100.0 0.8

Wholesale trade........................... 91.3 94.2 94.0 94.1 0.1 98.7 103.5 103.3 103.4 0.1

Retail trade................................ 91.0 92.1 91.6 92.9 1.4 93.1 95.2 94.9 96.0 1.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 90.5 93.2 93.5 94.0 0.5 95.0 100.3 100.7 101.6 0.9

Utilities..................................... 97.6 100.4 99.5 99.0 -0.5 106.2 110.3 108.5 108.7 0.2

Information................................... 91.6 91.4 91.2 90.9 -0.3 97.9 101.4 101.4 101.1 -0.3

Financial activities........................... 92.6 92.7 92.9 92.7 -0.2 97.0 98.8 99.1 99.2 0.1

Professional and business services....... 91.0 94.3 94.6 94.9 0.3 99.9 104.8 105.2 105.6 0.4

Education and health services............. 103.0 105.8 106.0 105.9 -0.1 108.8 114.3 114.5 114.9 0.3

Leisure and hospitality...................... 94.9 97.0 97.1 97.0 -0.1 100.3 102.6 102.6 102.9 0.3

Other services............................... 92.2 95.5 95.0 94.8 -0.2 104.8 108.7 108.7 108.5 -0.2

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Total nonfarm............................................... 64,666 64,751 64,746 64,810 49.9 49.6 49.6 49.6

Total private.............................................. 51,842 52,091 52,105 52,182 48.4 48.1 48.1 48.1

Goods-producing...................................... 4,150 4,114 4,111 4,116 23.2 22.8 22.8 22.8

Mining and logging................................. 98 103 104 106 14.5 13.6 13.6 13.8

Construction........................................ 759 726 725 729 13.3 12.9 12.9 13.0

Manufacturing....................................... 3,293 3,285 3,282 3,281 28.6 28.2 28.1 28.1

Durable goods................................... 1,739 1,735 1,735 1,737 24.7 24.1 24.2 24.1

Nondurable goods............................... 1,554 1,550 1,547 1,544 34.5 34.6 34.6 34.5

Private service-providing............................. 47,692 47,977 47,994 48,066 53.5 53.2 53.2 53.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities............... 10,062 10,041 10,015 10,014 40.8 40.4 40.3 40.2

Wholesale trade................................. 1,684.8 1,686.5 1,687.4 1,688.0 30.3 30.1 30.1 30.0

Retail trade....................................... 7,232.6 7,222.5 7,198.8 7,197.3 50.4 49.9 49.8 49.7

Transportation and warehousing.............. 1,006.1 1,000.5 997.1 997.7 24.1 23.8 23.6 23.6

Utilities............................................ 138.3 131.8 131.2 130.8 24.8 23.8 23.8 23.7

Information.......................................... 1,133 1,102 1,108 1,101 41.2 40.6 40.8 40.6

Financial activities.................................. 4,533 4,452 4,445 4,446 59.2 58.7 58.6 58.6

Professional and business services............. 7,389 7,471 7,493 7,515 44.8 44.5 44.5 44.6

Education and health services................... 14,956 15,184 15,209 15,240 77.3 77.1 77.1 77.1

Leisure and hospitality............................. 6,823 6,884 6,885 6,914 52.5 52.3 52.2 52.3

Other services...................................... 2,796 2,843 2,839 2,836 52.6 52.6 52.6 52.7

Government.............................................. 12,824 12,660 12,641 12,628 57.0 56.8 56.8 56.7

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Total private................................................................................ 88,239 89,210 89,281 89,387

Goods-producing........................................................................ 12,886 12,995 12,989 12,982

Mining and logging................................................................... 490 568 571 577

Construction........................................................................... 4,307 4,257 4,261 4,240

Manufacturing......................................................................... 8,089 8,170 8,157 8,165

Durable goods...................................................................... 4,801 4,914 4,913 4,917

Nondurable goods................................................................. 3,288 3,256 3,244 3,248

Private service-providing............................................................... 75,353 76,215 76,292 76,405

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................. 20,876 21,014 21,010 21,053

Wholesale trade.................................................................... 4,470.8 4,483.6 4,485.7 4,490.8

Retail trade......................................................................... 12,329.1 12,463.1 12,448.6 12,472.9

Transportation and warehousing................................................. 3,630.7 3,629.1 3,639.5 3,651.2

Utilities............................................................................... 445.0 438.2 436.5 437.8

Information............................................................................ 2,192 2,180 2,181 2,181

Financial activities.................................................................... 5,937 5,829 5,821 5,824

Professional and business services................................................ 13,463 13,777 13,834 13,831

Education and health services...................................................... 16,971 17,270 17,308 17,350

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 11,464 11,621 11,623 11,660

Other services........................................................................ 4,450 4,524 4,515 4,506

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 33.2 33.6 33.5 33.6

Goods-producing..................................................................... 39.6 40.6 40.5 40.5

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.4 44.5 44.6 44.6

Construction........................................................................ 37.5 38.8 38.6 38.7

Manufacturing...................................................................... 40.5 41.2 41.2 41.2

Durable goods................................................................... 40.6 41.4 41.5 41.4

Nondurable goods............................................................... 40.4 40.9 40.8 40.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.1 32.4 32.3 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 32.9 33.5 33.5 33.7

Wholesale trade................................................................. 37.6 38.2 38.2 38.3

Retail trade....................................................................... 30.0 30.3 30.2 30.5

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 36.2 37.6 37.8 37.7

Utilities............................................................................ 41.4 42.9 42.7 42.2

Information.......................................................................... 36.5 36.4 36.4 36.3

Financial activities................................................................. 35.9 36.3 36.1 36.2

Professional and business services............................................. 34.8 35.3 35.2 35.5

Education and health services................................................... 32.3 32.3 32.2 32.2

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.7

Other services...................................................................... 30.5 30.9 30.8 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 3.4 3.9 4.0 4.0

Durable goods........................................................................ 3.3 3.9 4.0 4.1

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.6 4.0 3.9 3.8

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Total private................................................. $18.85 $19.18 $19.19 $19.21 $ 625.82 $ 644.45 $ 642.87 $ 645.46

Goods-producing........................................ 20.04 20.40 20.43 20.44 793.58 828.24 827.42 827.82

Mining and logging................................... 23.47 23.85 23.96 23.96 1,018.60 1,061.33 1,068.62 1,068.62

Construction........................................... 22.95 23.42 23.50 23.55 860.63 908.70 907.10 911.39

Manufacturing......................................... 18.38 18.66 18.66 18.66 744.39 768.79 768.79 768.79

Durable goods...................................... 19.57 19.83 19.86 19.87 794.54 820.96 824.19 822.62

Nondurable goods................................. 16.64 16.86 16.81 16.80 672.26 689.57 685.85 687.12

Private service-providing............................... 18.60 18.93 18.92 18.95 597.06 613.33 611.12 613.98

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 16.73 17.03 17.01 17.00 550.42 570.51 569.84 572.90

Wholesale trade.................................... 21.35 21.84 21.72 21.75 802.76 834.29 829.70 833.03

Retail trade.......................................... 13.16 13.37 13.39 13.38 394.80 405.11 404.38 408.09

Transportation and warehousing................. 19.00 19.23 19.16 19.25 687.80 723.05 724.25 725.73

Utilities............................................... 29.91 30.76 30.78 30.68 1,238.27 1,319.60 1,314.31 1,294.70

Information............................................. 25.64 26.20 26.18 26.22 935.86 953.68 952.95 951.79

Financial activities.................................... 21.11 21.61 21.66 21.67 757.85 784.44 781.93 784.45

Professional and business services................ 22.58 22.98 22.98 22.99 785.78 811.19 808.90 816.15

Education and health services...................... 19.76 20.19 20.17 20.24 638.25 652.14 649.47 651.73

Leisure and hospitality............................... 11.27 11.30 11.31 11.34 279.50 281.37 281.62 280.10

Other services......................................... 16.85 16.91 16.95 16.98 513.93 522.52 522.06 522.98

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2010 -

Dec.

2010p

Dec.

2009

Oct.

2010

Nov.

2010p

Dec.

2010p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2010 -

Dec.

2010p

Total private....................................... 97.9 100.1 99.9 100.3 0.4 123.3 128.3 128.1 128.8 0.5

Goods-producing............................... 78.0 80.6 80.4 80.3 -0.1 95.7 100.7 100.6 100.6 0.0

Mining and logging.......................... 113.0 134.3 135.3 136.8 1.1 154.3 186.3 188.6 190.6 1.1

Construction.................................. 80.9 82.7 82.4 82.2 -0.2 100.2 104.6 104.5 104.5 0.0

Manufacturing................................ 75.2 77.3 77.1 77.2 0.1 90.4 94.3 94.1 94.2 0.1

Durable goods............................ 73.2 76.4 76.6 76.5 -0.1 89.5 94.6 95.0 94.9 -0.1

Nondurable goods........................ 78.3 78.5 78.0 78.3 0.4 92.0 93.5 92.6 92.9 0.3

Private service-providing...................... 103.4 105.6 105.4 105.9 0.5 131.9 137.0 136.7 137.5 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 95.7 98.1 98.1 98.9 0.8 114.3 119.2 119.1 119.9 0.7

Wholesale trade........................... 99.0 100.9 100.9 101.3 0.4 124.5 129.8 129.1 129.8 0.5

Retail trade................................ 93.6 95.6 95.2 96.3 1.2 105.6 109.5 109.2 110.4 1.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 98.9 102.7 103.6 103.6 0.0 119.2 125.3 125.9 126.5 0.5

Utilities..................................... 94.2 96.2 95.3 94.5 -0.8 117.6 123.5 122.5 121.0 -1.2

Information................................... 91.3 90.6 90.6 90.4 -0.2 115.9 117.5 117.5 117.3 -0.2

Financial activities........................... 102.0 101.3 100.6 100.9 0.3 133.1 135.3 134.7 135.2 0.4

Professional and business services....... 105.0 109.0 109.1 110.0 0.8 141.1 149.0 149.2 150.5 0.9

Education and health services............. 118.2 120.3 120.2 120.5 0.2 153.6 159.7 159.4 160.4 0.6

Leisure and hospitality...................... 104.2 106.1 106.1 105.6 -0.5 133.4 136.1 136.2 135.9 -0.2

Other services............................... 95.2 98.1 97.6 97.4 -0.2 116.9 120.8 120.5 120.5 0.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary