2

Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378

http://www.bls.gov/cps/

Establishment data: 691-6555

http://www.bls.gov/ces/

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 08-0013

Transmission of material in this release

is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),

Friday, January 4, 2008.

 Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data

Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal

adjustment factors. Seasonally adjusted estimates back to January 2003 were subject to

revision. The unemployment rates for January-November 2007 (as originally published and

as revised) appear on page 5, along with additional information about the revisions.

Percent

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,

January 2005 – December 2007

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

2005 2006 2007

Millions

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

January 2005 – December 2007

128.0

130.0

132.0

134.0

136.0

138.0

140.0

2005 2006 2007

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: DECEMBER 2007

The unemployment rate rose to 5.0 percent in December, while nonfarm payroll employment was essentially unchanged (+18,000), the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported

today. Job growth in several service-providing industries, including professional and technical services, health

care, and food services, was largely offset by job losses in construction and manufacturing. Average hourly

earnings rose by 7 cents, or 0.4 percent.

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)

The number of unemployed persons increased by 474,000 to 7.7 million in December and the unemployment rate rose by 0.3 percentage point to 5.0 percent. A year earlier, the number of unemployed persons

was 6.8 million, and the jobless rate was 4.4 percent. (See table A-1.)

News

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212

United States

Department 

of Labor
2

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Civilian labor force ............................... 153,191 153,667 153,306 153,828 153,866 38

Employment ..................................... 146,019 146,291 146,016 146,647 146,211 -436

Unemployment .................................. 7,172 7,375 7,291 7,181 7,655 474

Not in labor force .................................. 79,019 79,270 79,409 79,111 79,290 179

All workers ......................................... 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.7 5.0 0.3

Adult men ........................................ 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.4 .3

Adult women ..................................... 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.4 .3

Teenagers ........................................ 15.8 16.4 15.7 16.4 17.1 .7

White ............................................... 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.4 .2

Black or African American 

................... 8.0 8.6 8.5 8.4 9.0 .6

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity .................... 5.7 5.9 5.6 5.7 6.3 .6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA 

Nonfarm employment ............................ 138,143 p 138,445 138,362 p 138,477 p 138,495 p 18

Goods-producing 1.............................. 22,360 p 22,211 22,266 p 22,221 p 22,146 p -75

Construction .................................... 7,621 p 7,534 7,575 p 7,538 p 7,489 p -49

Manufacturing .................................. 14,011 p 13,944 13,963 p 13,950 p 13,919 p -31

Service-providing 1 ............................. 115,783 p 116,234 116,096 p 116,256 p 116,349 p 93

 Retail trade 2 ................................. 15,386 p 15,376 15,363 p 15,395 p 15,370 p -24

Professional and business service ........... 17,936 p 18,064 18,024 p 18,063 p 18,106 p 43

Education and health services ............... 18,470 p 18,588 18,554 p 18,583 p 18,627 p 44

Leisure and hospitality ...................... 13,595 p 13,708 13,677 p 13,712 p 13,734 p 22

Government .................................... 22,254 p 22,358 22,329 p 22,357 p 22,388 p 31

Total private ........................................ 33.8 p 33.8 33.8 p 33.8 p 33.8 p 0.0

Manufacturing ................................... 41.3 p 41.2 41.2 p 41.3 p 41.1 p -.2

 Overtime ....................................... 4.1 p 4.0 4.1 p 4.1 p 3.9 p -.2

Total private ........................................ 107.7 p 108.0 107.9 p 108.0 p 108.0 p 0.0

Average hourly earnings, total private ......... $17.50 p $17.64 $17.57 p $17.64 p $17.71 p $0.07

Average weekly earnings, total private ........ 591.39 p 596.23 593.87 p 596.23 p 598.60 p 2.37

 NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised. See note on page 5.

III 2007 IV 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007

p = preliminary.

Nov.-Dec. 

change

Hours of work 3

1

 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using unrounded data.

3

 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.

Category

Quarterly averages Monthly data

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 3

Earnings 3

 Employment

Labor force status

Unemployment rates 
3

In December, unemployment rates rose for several major worker groups—adult men (to 4.4 percent),

adult women (4.4 percent), whites (4.4 percent), and Hispanics (6.3 percent). The unemployment rates for

teenagers (17.1 percent) and blacks (9.0 percent) were little changed. The unemployment rate for Asians

was 3.7 percent, not seasonally adjusted. Most major worker groups experienced increases in their jobless

rates over the year. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

Both total employment, at 146.2 million, and the employment-population ratio, at 62.7 percent, decreased

in December following increases in November. Total employment was essentially unchanged over the year,

while the employment-population ratio declined by 0.7 percentage point over the same period. The civilian

labor force was essentially unchanged in December at 153.9 million. The labor force participation rate, at

66.0 percent, was unchanged over the month, but was 0.4 percentage point lower than a year earlier. (See

table A-1.)

The number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons, at 4.7 million in December, was

little changed over the month but was up by 456,000 over the year. This category includes persons who

indicated that they would like to work full time but were working part time because their hours had been

cut back or because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-5.)

Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

About 1.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in

December. These individuals wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in

the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in

the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, there were 363,000 discouraged workers in December, up from 274,000 a year earlier. Discouraged workers were not currently looking for work

specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. The other 981,000 persons marginally

attached to the labor force in December had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey for

reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.)

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

Total nonfarm payroll employment was essentially unchanged at 138.5 million in December following

gains of 159,000 in October and 115,000 in November. In 2007, payroll employment rose by 1.3 million

compared with a gain of 2.3 million in 2006. In December, job growth continued in professional and technical services, health care, and food services, while employment in construction and manufacturing continued

to decline. The retail trade and information industries also lost jobs over the month. (See table B-1.)

Employment in professional and technical services was up by 33,000 in December and by 322,000 over

the year. Within this industry grouping, employment continued to trend up in December in architectural and

engineering services (8,000) and in management and technical consulting services (12,000). Within administrative and support services, services to buildings and dwellings added 19,000 jobs.

In the health care industry, job growth continued in December with a gain of 28,000. The industry has

added 381,000 jobs over the year. In December, job gains occurred in hospitals (10,000) and ambulatory

health care services (13,000). Employment in food services continued to expand over the month with a gain

of 27,000. Over the year, the food services industry has added 304,000 jobs. The gains in health care and

food services combined accounted for about two-thirds of all private sector job growth in 2007.
4

Mining employment rose by 5,000 in December following a gain of 4,000 in November. In 2007, the

industry has added 36,000 jobs.

In December, employment in construction fell by 49,000, with losses occurring throughout the industry.

Since its peak in September 2006, construction employment has fallen by 236,000, with the residential components accounting for the decline.

Within financial activities, credit intermediation lost 7,000 jobs in December, bringing the total job loss

since the industry’s peak in February to 79,000.

Manufacturing employment continued to decline in December (-31,000), with generally small but widespread losses among the component industries. Notable declines occurred in motor vehicles and parts

(-6,000), wood products (-4,000), electrical equipment and appliances (-3,000), and textile mills (-2,000).

Factory employment has declined by 212,000 over the past year.

Retail trade employment was down by 24,000 in December following an increase in the prior month.

Over the year, employment in retail trade was essentially flat.

In December, employment in the information industry fell by 13,000; losses occurred in motion picture

and sound recording industries (-12,000) and in broadcasting, except Internet (-4,000). Information employment was essentially unchanged over the year.

Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)

In December, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm

payrolls remained at 33.8 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek fell by 0.2 hour to 41.1

hours, and factory overtime also fell by 0.2 hour to 3.9 hours. (See table B-2.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in December at 108.0 (2002=100). The manufacturing index decreased by 0.7 percent

to 94.5. (See table B-5.)

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)

Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose

by 7 cents, or 0.4 percent, in December to $17.71, seasonally adjusted. This followed a 7-cent gain in

November. Average weekly earnings also grew by 0.4 percent in December to $598.60. Over the year,

average hourly earnings rose by 3.7 percent, and weekly earnings rose by 3.4 percent. (See table B-3.)

______________________________

The Employment Situation for January 2008 is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 1, at

8:30 A.M. (EST).
5

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data

At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the

labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. This year,

seasonally adjusted data for January 2003-November 2007 were subject to revision.

Table B shows the unemployment rates for January to November 2007, as first published and as

revised. The rates were unchanged in 7 of the 11 months and changed by one-tenth of a percentage

point in the remaining 4 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force series

beginning in December 2006 appear in table C.

An article describing the current seasonal adjustment methodology for the household survey data

and revised data for January 2007 to November 2007 is available on the BLS Web site at http://www.

bls.gov/cps/cpsrs2008.pdf.

Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables of this release can be accessed

on the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical seasonally adjusted

monthly and quarterly data for additional series are available on the Internet at ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/

special.requests/lf/.

Table B. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates and changes due to revision,

January-November 2007

Year and month As first

 published

As revised Change

 2007

January.................................... 4.6 4.6 0.0

February ................................. 4.5 4.5 .0

March ..................................... 4.4 4.4 .0

April........................................ 4.5 4.5 .0

May ........................................ 4.5 4.5 .0

June ........................................ 4.5 4.6 .1

July ......................................... 4.6 4.7 .1

August ..................................... 4.6 4.7 .1

September............................... 4.7 4.7 .0

October .................................. 4.7 4.8 .1

November ............................... 4.7 4.7 .0
6

 Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data

With the release of January 2008 data on February 1, 2008, the Current Employment Statistics survey will revise the basis for industry classification from the 2002 North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) to the 2007 NAICS. The new classification reflects minor definitional changes within manufacturing, telecommunications,

financial activities, and professional, scientific, and technical services. Several industry titles

and descriptions also will be updated. The conversion to NAICS 2007 will result in minor

revisions to some employment, hours, and earnings series. Details of new, discontinued,

and combined industries are available at http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm. For more

information on the 2007 NAICS, see http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html.

Also with the release of January 2008 data, BLS will introduce revisions to the nonfarm

payroll employment, hours, and earnings data to reflect the annual benchmark adjustments

for March 2007 and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Unadjusted data beginning with

April 2006 and seasonally adjusted data beginning with January 2003 are subject to revision.

Planned Changes in the Household Survey

Effective with the release of data for January 2008, revisions will be introduced into the

population controls for the household survey. These changes reflect the routine annual updating of intercensal population estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table C. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Employment status, sex, and age

2006 2007

Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...................... 230,108 230,650 230,834 231,034 231,253 231,480 231,713 231,958 232,211 232,461 232,715 232,939 233,156

 Civilian labor force .............................................. 152,709 152,958 152,725 152,884 152,542 152,776 153,085 153,182 152,886 153,506 153,306 153,828 153,866

 Participation rate ........................................... 66.4 66.3 66.2 66.2 66.0 66.0 66.1 66.0 65.8 66.0 65.9 66.0 66.0

 Employed .......................................................... 145,949 145,915 145,888 146,145 145,713 145,913 146,087 146,045 145,753 146,260 146,016 146,647 146,211

 Employment-population ratio ........................ 63.4 63.3 63.2 63.3 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0 62.8 62.9 62.7 63.0 62.7

 Unemployed ..................................................... 6,760 7,043 6,837 6,738 6,829 6,863 6,997 7,137 7,133 7,246 7,291 7,181 7,655

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.0

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...................... 102,751 102,956 103,046 103,143 103,248 103,361 103,477 103,598 103,723 103,847 103,973 104,087 104,197

 Civilian labor force .............................................. 78,322 78,407 78,358 78,410 78,428 78,497 78,503 78,619 78,526 78,689 78,664 79,075 79,004

 Participation rate ........................................... 76.2 76.2 76.0 76.0 76.0 75.9 75.9 75.9 75.7 75.8 75.7 76.0 75.8

 Employed .......................................................... 75,238 75,154 75,148 75,286 75,279 75,343 75,292 75,324 75,274 75,332 75,274 75,834 75,499

 Employment-population ratio ........................ 73.2 73.0 72.9 73.0 72.9 72.9 72.8 72.7 72.6 72.5 72.4 72.9 72.5

 Unemployed ..................................................... 3,084 3,252 3,210 3,124 3,149 3,154 3,212 3,295 3,252 3,357 3,389 3,240 3,505

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...................... 110,528 110,803 110,880 110,964 111,057 111,157 111,259 111,367 111,479 111,590 111,703 111,805 111,903

 Civilian labor force .............................................. 67,127 67,359 67,247 67,446 67,077 67,318 67,481 67,566 67,616 67,795 67,623 67,776 67,866

 Participation rate ........................................... 60.7 60.8 60.6 60.8 60.4 60.6 60.7 60.7 60.7 60.8 60.5 60.6 60.6

 Employed .......................................................... 64,525 64,647 64,686 64,859 64,479 64,710 64,828 64,792 64,826 65,033 64,827 64,980 64,912

 Employment-population ratio ........................ 58.4 58.3 58.3 58.5 58.1 58.2 58.3 58.2 58.2 58.3 58.0 58.1 58.0

 Unemployed ..................................................... 2,601 2,712 2,561 2,588 2,597 2,608 2,653 2,774 2,790 2,762 2,796 2,796 2,954

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...................... 16,829 16,891 16,908 16,927 16,948 16,962 16,977 16,993 17,009 17,024 17,040 17,048 17,056

 Civilian labor force .............................................. 7,260 7,192 7,120 7,028 7,037 6,961 7,100 6,997 6,744 7,021 7,020 6,977 6,996

 Participation rate ........................................... 43.1 42.6 42.1 41.5 41.5 41.0 41.8 41.2 39.7 41.2 41.2 40.9 41.0

 Employed .......................................................... 6,185 6,114 6,055 6,000 5,954 5,860 5,968 5,930 5,653 5,895 5,914 5,832 5,801

 Employment-population ratio ........................ 36.8 36.2 35.8 35.4 35.1 34.5 35.2 34.9 33.2 34.6 34.7 34.2 34.0

 Unemployed ..................................................... 1,074 1,079 1,066 1,027 1,082 1,101 1,133 1,067 1,092 1,126 1,105 1,145 1,196

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 14.8 15.0 15.0 14.6 15.4 15.8 16.0 15.3 16.2 16.0 15.7 16.4 17.1

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

 NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
8

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of

error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger

sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is statistically significant in the establishment

survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000.

However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes

the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Thus,

while it is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about whether

respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these questions show that foreign-born workers

accounted for about 15 percent of the labor force in 2006 and about 47 percent of the net increase in the

labor force from 2000 to 2006.

Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional

information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment

survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate

additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey. For more information on the monthly revisions,

please visit http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates

to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark

helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual

benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.

Has the establishment survey understated employment growth because it excludes the selfemployed?

While the establishment survey excludes the self-employed, the household survey provides monthly estimates of unincorporated self-employment. These estimates have shown no substantial growth in recent years.
9

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the total

nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve

that goal.

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the

net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new

firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the

survey twice a year.

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance

benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People

on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially

counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news release.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the

Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current

Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor

Statistics (BLS).

The establishment survey provides the information on the

employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that

appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This

information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation

with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses

and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual

worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm

payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of

unemployment insurance tax accounts.

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular

week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is

generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In

the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the

calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences

between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire

civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of

questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and

over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or

not in the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as

paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least

15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as

employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of

illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal

reasons.

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following

criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were

available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find

employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need

not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon

the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed

persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not

 in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed

as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is

the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn

from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores,

as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on

nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing

sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector.

Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in

accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry

Classification System.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and

establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among

the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the

employed. The establishment survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.

The establishment survey is not limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because

individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job.

In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job

and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation’s labor force and the

levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations

due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded

production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of

schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the monthto-month changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern

each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by

adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make

nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or

increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to

spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force

each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place

relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of

students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics

for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change.

Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in

economic activity.

Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both

the household and establishment surveys. However, the ad-
justed series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment, and

unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate

that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or

by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent

seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal

factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and

including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new

seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month’s data. In

the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each

month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both

surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are

subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather

than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent.

The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the

standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or

level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no

more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because

of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total

employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or

minus 430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases

by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence

interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000

(100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample

results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a

90-percent chance that the “true” over-the-month change lies within

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we

could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased.

If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be

greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance)

that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment

rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the

monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for the

monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage

point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments

have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than

estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The

precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated

over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal

adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly

estimates.

The household and establishment surveys are also affected by

nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a

timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the

collection or processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most

recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these

estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two

successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment

survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment

generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation

of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components

is used to account for business births. The first component uses business

deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated

into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not

reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the

same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is

an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/

death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical

time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from

the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects

the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are

adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll

employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March samplebased employment estimates and the March universe counts is known

as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey

error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for

total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from

less than 0.05 percent to 0.4 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD

message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Dec.

2006

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Dec.

2006

Aug.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 230,108 232,939 233,156 230,108 232,211 232,461 232,715 232,939 233,156

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 152,571 154,035 153,705 152,709 152,886 153,506 153,306 153,828 153,866

 Participation rate ..................................................... 66.3 66.1 65.9 66.4 65.8 66.0 65.9 66.0 66.0

 Employed .................................................................... 146,081 147,118 146,334 145,949 145,753 146,260 146,016 146,647 146,211

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 63.5 63.2 62.8 63.4 62.8 62.9 62.7 63.0 62.7

 Unemployed ............................................................... 6,491 6,917 7,371 6,760 7,133 7,246 7,291 7,181 7,655

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.3 4.5 4.8 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.0

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 77,537 78,904 79,451 77,399 79,325 78,955 79,409 79,111 79,290

 Persons who currently want a job ............................... 4,121 4,337 4,398 4,407 4,733 4,728 4,266 4,655 4,697

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 111,288 112,737 112,852 111,288 112,354 112,486 112,619 112,737 112,852

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 81,715 82,402 82,171 82,004 81,929 82,237 82,210 82,515 82,448

 Participation rate ..................................................... 73.4 73.1 72.8 73.7 72.9 73.1 73.0 73.2 73.1

 Employed .................................................................... 78,030 78,680 77,970 78,324 78,066 78,229 78,177 78,604 78,260

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 70.1 69.8 69.1 70.4 69.5 69.5 69.4 69.7 69.3

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,684 3,722 4,201 3,680 3,863 4,008 4,032 3,910 4,188

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.5 4.5 5.1 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.7 5.1

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 29,573 30,335 30,680 29,284 30,425 30,249 30,409 30,223 30,404

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 102,751 104,087 104,197 102,751 103,723 103,847 103,973 104,087 104,197

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 78,198 79,113 78,893 78,322 78,526 78,689 78,664 79,075 79,004

 Participation rate ..................................................... 76.1 76.0 75.7 76.2 75.7 75.8 75.7 76.0 75.8

 Employed .................................................................... 75,040 76,018 75,296 75,238 75,274 75,332 75,274 75,834 75,499

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 73.0 73.0 72.3 73.2 72.6 72.5 72.4 72.9 72.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,158 3,095 3,597 3,084 3,252 3,357 3,389 3,240 3,505

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.0 3.9 4.6 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.4

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 24,553 24,973 25,305 24,429 25,197 25,158 25,309 25,012 25,193

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 118,820 120,202 120,304 118,820 119,856 119,975 120,096 120,202 120,304

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 70,856 71,633 71,534 70,705 70,957 71,269 71,096 71,313 71,418

 Participation rate ..................................................... 59.6 59.6 59.5 59.5 59.2 59.4 59.2 59.3 59.4

 Employed .................................................................... 68,050 68,438 68,364 67,625 67,687 68,030 67,838 68,043 67,951

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 57.3 56.9 56.8 56.9 56.5 56.7 56.5 56.6 56.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,806 3,195 3,170 3,080 3,270 3,238 3,258 3,271 3,467

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.9

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 47,963 48,569 48,771 48,115 48,900 48,706 49,000 48,889 48,886

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 110,528 111,805 111,903 110,528 111,479 111,590 111,703 111,805 111,903

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 67,412 68,188 68,116 67,127 67,616 67,795 67,623 67,776 67,866

 Participation rate ..................................................... 61.0 61.0 60.9 60.7 60.7 60.8 60.5 60.6 60.6

 Employed .................................................................... 64,988 65,449 65,359 64,525 64,826 65,033 64,827 64,980 64,912

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 58.8 58.5 58.4 58.4 58.2 58.3 58.0 58.1 58.0

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,424 2,739 2,757 2,601 2,790 2,762 2,796 2,796 2,954

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 3.6 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.4

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 43,116 43,617 43,787 43,401 43,863 43,795 44,080 44,029 44,037

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 16,829 17,048 17,056 16,829 17,009 17,024 17,040 17,048 17,056

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 6,961 6,734 6,696 7,260 6,744 7,021 7,020 6,977 6,996

 Participation rate ..................................................... 41.4 39.5 39.3 43.1 39.7 41.2 41.2 40.9 41.0

 Employed .................................................................... 6,052 5,652 5,679 6,185 5,653 5,895 5,914 5,832 5,801

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 36.0 33.2 33.3 36.8 33.2 34.6 34.7 34.2 34.0

 Unemployed ............................................................... 909 1,082 1,017 1,074 1,092 1,126 1,105 1,145 1,196

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 13.1 16.1 15.2 14.8 16.2 16.0 15.7 16.4 17.1

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 9,868 10,314 10,359 9,570 10,264 10,003 10,020 10,071 10,059

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect

updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Dec.

2006

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Dec.

2006

Aug.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

WHITE 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 187,115 188,956 189,093 187,115 188,479 188,644 188,813 188,956 189,093

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 124,640 125,615 125,334 124,766 124,596 125,316 125,151 125,430 125,460

 Participation rate ....................................................... 66.6 66.5 66.3 66.7 66.1 66.4 66.3 66.4 66.3

 Employed .................................................................... 119,923 120,665 120,004 119,828 119,340 119,992 119,883 120,194 119,889

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 64.1 63.9 63.5 64.0 63.3 63.6 63.5 63.6 63.4

 Unemployed ............................................................... 4,717 4,951 5,331 4,938 5,256 5,324 5,268 5,235 5,571

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.8 3.9 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.4

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 62,475 63,341 63,759 62,349 63,883 63,329 63,662 63,526 63,633

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 64,994 65,552 65,462 65,058 65,009 65,257 65,255 65,521 65,506

 Participation rate ....................................................... 76.6 76.4 76.2 76.6 76.0 76.2 76.1 76.4 76.3

 Employed .................................................................... 62,615 63,307 62,789 62,760 62,543 62,690 62,762 63,111 62,929

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 73.8 73.8 73.1 73.9 73.1 73.2 73.2 73.6 73.3

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,379 2,245 2,674 2,298 2,466 2,567 2,493 2,409 2,577

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.7 3.4 4.1 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.9

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 53,836 54,539 54,465 53,623 53,976 54,229 54,102 54,206 54,286

 Participation rate ....................................................... 60.3 60.5 60.4 60.1 60.1 60.3 60.1 60.2 60.2

 Employed .................................................................... 52,201 52,645 52,517 51,795 51,991 52,306 52,136 52,220 52,107

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 58.5 58.4 58.3 58.0 57.8 58.1 57.9 58.0 57.8

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,635 1,893 1,948 1,828 1,985 1,924 1,966 1,986 2,179

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.0 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.7 4.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 5,810 5,525 5,406 6,084 5,611 5,830 5,795 5,703 5,668

 Participation rate ....................................................... 44.9 42.2 41.3 47.0 43.0 44.6 44.3 43.6 43.3

 Employed .................................................................... 5,106 4,712 4,698 5,273 4,805 4,996 4,985 4,863 4,853

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 39.4 36.0 35.9 40.7 36.8 38.2 38.1 37.2 37.1

 Unemployed ............................................................... 704 812 709 811 806 834 810 840 815

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 12.1 14.7 13.1 13.3 14.4 14.3 14.0 14.7 14.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 27,231 27,666 27,704 27,231 27,541 27,584 27,627 27,666 27,704

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 17,531 17,481 17,498 17,545 17,524 17,483 17,430 17,453 17,538

 Participation rate ....................................................... 64.4 63.2 63.2 64.4 63.6 63.4 63.1 63.1 63.3

 Employed .................................................................... 16,138 16,027 15,999 16,091 16,176 16,046 15,946 15,980 15,961

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 59.3 57.9 57.7 59.1 58.7 58.2 57.7 57.8 57.6

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,393 1,454 1,499 1,455 1,347 1,437 1,483 1,473 1,577

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 7.9 8.3 8.6 8.3 7.7 8.2 8.5 8.4 9.0

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 9,700 10,184 10,206 9,685 10,017 10,101 10,197 10,212 10,165

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,824 7,930 7,858 7,844 7,967 7,882 7,833 7,889 7,883

 Participation rate ....................................................... 71.4 71.2 70.4 71.6 71.9 71.0 70.4 70.8 70.7

 Employed .................................................................... 7,253 7,316 7,196 7,273 7,426 7,290 7,194 7,268 7,218

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 66.2 65.7 64.5 66.4 67.0 65.7 64.7 65.3 64.7

 Unemployed ............................................................... 571 613 662 572 541 592 640 621 665

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 7.3 7.7 8.4 7.3 6.8 7.5 8.2 7.9 8.4

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,875 8,789 8,814 8,861 8,794 8,839 8,823 8,777 8,803

 Participation rate ....................................................... 64.9 63.4 63.5 64.8 63.7 63.9 63.7 63.3 63.4

 Employed .................................................................... 8,221 8,161 8,212 8,191 8,226 8,215 8,195 8,159 8,187

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 60.1 58.8 59.1 59.9 59.6 59.4 59.2 58.8 59.0

 Unemployed ............................................................... 653 627 602 669 568 625 628 618 617

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 7.4 7.1 6.8 7.6 6.5 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 832 763 826 840 762 762 773 787 851

 Participation rate ....................................................... 32.0 28.7 31.0 32.3 28.8 28.7 29.1 29.6 32.0

 Employed .................................................................... 664 549 590 627 525 541 558 553 556

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 25.5 20.7 22.2 24.1 19.8 20.4 21.0 20.8 20.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 168 214 235 213 238 220 215 234 295

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 20.2 28.0 28.5 25.4 31.2 28.9 27.9 29.7 34.7

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Dec.

2006

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Dec.

2006

Aug.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

ASIAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 10,257 10,731 10,801 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 6,824 7,222 7,225 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 66.5 67.3 66.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 6,657 6,960 6,958 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 64.9 64.9 64.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 167 262 267 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 2.4 3.6 3.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 3,433 3,509 3,577 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in

table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population

controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally

adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal

adjustment factors.

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Dec.

2006

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Dec.

2006

Aug.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 30,596 31,809 31,903 30,596 31,520 31,617 31,714 31,809 31,903

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 21,213 21,937 21,924 21,185 21,781 21,872 21,778 21,872 21,888

 Participation rate ....................................................... 69.3 69.0 68.7 69.2 69.1 69.2 68.7 68.8 68.6

 Employed .................................................................... 20,151 20,701 20,534 20,136 20,578 20,619 20,554 20,623 20,517

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 65.9 65.1 64.4 65.8 65.3 65.2 64.8 64.8 64.3

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,061 1,236 1,390 1,048 1,204 1,253 1,224 1,249 1,371

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 5.0 5.6 6.3 4.9 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.7 6.3

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 9,383 9,872 9,980 9,411 9,738 9,745 9,936 9,938 10,016

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 12,162 12,592 12,654 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 85.2 84.8 85.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 11,618 12,023 11,921 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 81.4 81.0 80.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 544 569 733 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.5 4.5 5.8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,916 8,246 8,206 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 58.8 59.0 58.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 7,588 7,760 7,707 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 56.4 55.6 55.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 328 485 498 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.1 5.9 6.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 1,134 1,100 1,064 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 39.7 36.8 35.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 946 918 906 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 33.1 30.7 30.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 189 182 158 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 16.6 16.5 14.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of

any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to

reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

(Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2006

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Dec.

2006

Aug.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 12,778 12,181 12,283 12,781 12,047 12,181 12,133 12,228 12,291

 Participation rate ......................................................... 47.0 46.6 46.4 47.1 46.5 46.3 47.3 46.8 46.5

 Employed ...................................................................... 11,862 11,264 11,280 11,934 11,238 11,271 11,238 11,296 11,358

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 43.7 43.1 42.6 43.9 43.4 42.8 43.8 43.3 42.9

 Unemployed ................................................................. 915 916 1,003 847 809 910 895 932 933

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 7.2 7.5 8.2 6.6 6.7 7.5 7.4 7.6 7.6

High school graduates, no college 1

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 38,387 39,017 38,850 38,410 38,575 38,810 38,625 38,710 38,841

 Participation rate ......................................................... 63.0 63.1 62.9 63.0 63.0 62.9 62.8 62.6 62.9

 Employed ...................................................................... 36,744 37,327 37,036 36,772 36,888 37,036 36,838 36,980 37,034

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 60.3 60.4 60.0 60.3 60.2 60.1 59.9 59.8 60.0

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,643 1,690 1,814 1,638 1,687 1,774 1,787 1,730 1,807

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 4.3 4.3 4.7 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.7

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 35,514 36,454 36,269 35,489 36,010 36,045 36,218 36,353 36,279

 Participation rate ......................................................... 72.3 72.1 72.0 72.3 72.0 72.0 71.2 71.9 72.0

 Employed ...................................................................... 34,344 35,303 34,932 34,301 34,672 34,801 34,939 35,156 34,924

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 70.0 69.9 69.3 69.9 69.3 69.5 68.7 69.6 69.3

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,170 1,151 1,337 1,188 1,339 1,243 1,279 1,197 1,355

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 3.3 3.2 3.7 3.3 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.7

Bachelor’s degree and higher 2

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 43,756 44,474 44,620 43,604 44,604 44,117 44,200 44,263 44,448

 Participation rate ......................................................... 78.4 78.0 78.2 78.1 77.5 77.5 77.2 77.7 77.9

 Employed ...................................................................... 43,001 43,563 43,725 42,785 43,688 43,253 43,261 43,296 43,476

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 77.0 76.4 76.6 76.7 75.9 76.0 75.6 76.0 76.2

 Unemployed ................................................................. 754 910 895 819 915 863 939 968 972

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral

degrees. 

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

 January data. See box note in the BLS news release USDL 07-0486, "The

Employment Situation: March 2007," issued on April 6, 2007, for a discussion of

technical issues regarding educational attainment data. Seasonally adjusted

household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment

factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

(In thousands)

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2006

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Dec.

2006

Aug.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries ................................... 2,079 2,082 2,078 2,257 1,856 2,065 2,089 2,148 2,248

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 1,240 1,171 1,235 1,382 1,031 1,178 1,195 1,237 1,368

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 825 892 825 877 812 861 878 895 874

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 13 19 17 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Nonagricultural industries ............................................... 144,001 145,036 144,256 143,670 143,928 144,259 143,933 144,503 143,933

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 134,151 135,705 135,125 133,628 134,294 134,573 134,533 135,109 134,605

 Government ................................................................ 20,871 21,121 20,836 20,805 21,118 21,084 20,907 20,943 20,780

 Private industries ........................................................ 113,280 114,583 114,289 112,868 113,185 113,502 113,641 114,179 113,872

 Private households ................................................... 722 759 803 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Other industries ........................................................ 112,558 113,824 113,486 112,116 112,432 112,694 112,850 113,377 113,035

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 9,751 9,234 9,049 9,952 9,593 9,534 9,274 9,276 9,242

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 99 97 81 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 2

All industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 4,281 4,374 4,750 4,209 4,517 4,499 4,401 4,513 4,665

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 2,808 2,959 3,308 2,693 2,955 2,991 2,788 3,008 3,174

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,156 1,146 1,172 1,224 1,175 1,166 1,215 1,223 1,236

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 20,808 20,661 20,361 19,960 19,779 19,812 19,337 19,539 19,526

Nonagricultural industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 4,189 4,301 4,639 4,139 4,466 4,397 4,302 4,453 4,577

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 2,737 2,926 3,250 2,632 2,916 2,922 2,745 2,981 3,120

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,149 1,136 1,153 1,217 1,152 1,153 1,207 1,205 1,219

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 20,456 20,349 20,074 19,596 19,469 19,451 19,157 19,224 19,225

1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their

jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or

industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who

usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for

reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised

to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Selected employment indicators

(In thousands)

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2006

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Dec.

2006

Aug.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 146,081 147,118 146,334 145,949 145,753 146,260 146,016 146,647 146,211

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 6,052 5,652 5,679 6,185 5,653 5,895 5,914 5,832 5,801

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 2,449 2,176 2,132 2,515 2,249 2,263 2,324 2,192 2,183

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 3,603 3,476 3,547 3,677 3,387 3,641 3,600 3,625 3,626

 20 years and over ......................................................... 140,028 141,466 140,655 139,764 140,101 140,365 140,101 140,814 140,410

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 14,076 14,008 13,682 14,098 13,862 13,975 13,821 13,965 13,702

 25 years and over ....................................................... 125,952 127,459 126,973 125,662 126,421 126,481 126,293 126,779 126,675

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 100,528 101,083 100,653 100,371 100,531 100,475 100,332 100,605 100,496

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 31,324 31,884 31,672 31,290 31,696 31,598 31,612 31,638 31,633

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 34,673 34,311 34,163 34,593 34,219 34,219 34,116 34,173 34,086

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 34,530 34,888 34,818 34,487 34,616 34,659 34,605 34,794 34,777

 55 years and over ..................................................... 25,424 26,376 26,320 25,292 25,890 26,006 25,960 26,174 26,179

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 78,030 78,680 77,970 78,324 78,066 78,229 78,177 78,604 78,260

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 2,991 2,662 2,674 3,086 2,792 2,897 2,903 2,770 2,761

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,136 946 932 1,203 1,057 1,065 1,118 959 986

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 1,855 1,716 1,742 1,877 1,738 1,833 1,788 1,791 1,766

 20 years and over ......................................................... 75,040 76,018 75,296 75,238 75,274 75,332 75,274 75,834 75,499

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 7,420 7,444 7,180 7,486 7,318 7,294 7,306 7,466 7,244

 25 years and over ....................................................... 67,620 68,573 68,116 67,774 68,047 68,029 67,985 68,328 68,264

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 54,174 54,590 54,240 54,321 54,308 54,237 54,258 54,422 54,383

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 17,328 17,558 17,430 17,353 17,485 17,455 17,442 17,466 17,451

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 18,702 18,592 18,433 18,770 18,646 18,567 18,536 18,559 18,507

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 18,145 18,440 18,377 18,198 18,177 18,215 18,280 18,397 18,425

 55 years and over ..................................................... 13,446 13,983 13,876 13,453 13,740 13,792 13,727 13,906 13,882

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 68,050 68,438 68,364 67,625 67,687 68,030 67,838 68,043 67,951

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 3,062 2,989 3,005 3,099 2,861 2,998 3,011 3,063 3,040

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,313 1,230 1,200 1,312 1,192 1,198 1,206 1,233 1,197

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 1,749 1,760 1,805 1,800 1,649 1,807 1,813 1,834 1,860

 20 years and over ......................................................... 64,988 65,449 65,359 64,525 64,826 65,033 64,827 64,980 64,912

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 6,657 6,563 6,502 6,612 6,544 6,680 6,515 6,500 6,458

 25 years and over ....................................................... 58,332 58,885 58,857 57,888 58,374 58,452 58,307 58,451 58,411

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 46,354 46,492 46,413 46,049 46,223 46,238 46,074 46,183 46,113

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 13,997 14,326 14,242 13,937 14,211 14,143 14,169 14,172 14,182

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 15,971 15,719 15,729 15,824 15,573 15,652 15,581 15,615 15,579

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 16,385 16,448 16,441 16,289 16,439 16,444 16,324 16,396 16,352

 55 years and over ..................................................... 11,978 12,393 12,444 11,839 12,151 12,214 12,233 12,268 12,297

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 46,055 46,458 46,281 45,976 46,193 46,235 46,189 46,339 46,213

Married women, spouse present .................................... 35,864 36,078 35,898 35,508 35,794 35,712 35,449 35,689 35,565

Women who maintain families ........................................ 9,138 9,176 9,049 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 2 ......................................................... 120,371 121,846 121,042 120,725 120,976 121,387 121,561 122,020 121,428

Part-time workers 3 ......................................................... 25,710 25,272 25,291 25,182 24,884 24,966 24,472 24,631 24,740

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders ................................................. 7,950 7,791 7,577 7,775 7,545 7,510 7,579 7,640 7,416

 Percent of total employed ........................................... 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.1

1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more

per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35

hours per week.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised

to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates 1

Dec.

2006

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Dec.

2006

Aug.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 6,760 7,181 7,655 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.0

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 1,074 1,145 1,196 14.8 16.2 16.0 15.7 16.4 17.1

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 493 516 531 16.4 18.6 18.6 17.5 19.0 19.6

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 579 609 660 13.6 14.6 14.3 14.3 14.4 15.4

 20 years and over ......................................................... 5,685 6,036 6,459 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.4

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 1,193 1,222 1,414 7.8 8.4 8.8 8.6 8.0 9.4

 25 years and over ....................................................... 4,508 4,840 5,079 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 3,770 4,021 4,259 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.1

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 1,411 1,565 1,642 4.3 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.9

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 1,329 1,256 1,336 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.8

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 1,030 1,200 1,282 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.6

 55 years and over ..................................................... 777 814 856 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.2

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 3,680 3,910 4,188 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.7 5.1

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 596 670 683 16.2 18.0 18.3 18.1 19.5 19.8

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 271 262 280 18.4 21.7 21.9 19.0 21.4 22.1

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 324 388 399 14.7 15.2 16.2 16.8 17.8 18.4

 20 years and over ......................................................... 3,084 3,240 3,505 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.4

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 667 704 791 8.2 8.9 9.5 9.3 8.6 9.8

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,421 2,547 2,725 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.8

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 1,970 2,099 2,272 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.0

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 770 886 942 4.2 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.1

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 665 618 690 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.6

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 535 595 641 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.4

 55 years and over ..................................................... 451 448 453 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.2

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 3,080 3,271 3,467 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.9

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 479 475 513 13.4 14.4 13.7 13.3 13.4 14.4

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 222 254 251 14.5 15.5 15.6 16.1 17.1 17.3

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 255 221 261 12.4 13.9 12.3 11.6 10.7 12.3

 20 years and over ......................................................... 2,601 2,796 2,954 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.4

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 527 518 622 7.4 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.4 8.8

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,087 2,293 2,354 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 1,800 1,922 1,987 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 641 679 700 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.7

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 664 638 646 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.0

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 494 605 640 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.8

 55 years and over 2 .................................................. 291 362 366 2.4 3.4 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.9

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 1,153 1,215 1,276 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7

Married women, spouse present .................................... 969 1,109 1,123 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1

Women who maintain families 2 ..................................... 602 648 669 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.9

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 3 ......................................................... 5,525 5,889 6,214 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.9

Part-time workers 4 ......................................................... 1,254 1,306 1,458 4.7 4.9 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.6

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not 

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the 

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data. Data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal 

adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2006

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Dec.

2006

Aug.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................... 3,374 3,382 4,013 3,242 3,632 3,622 3,731 3,609 3,857

On temporary layoff .................................................... 1,054 814 1,061 968 981 963 1,064 979 975

Not on temporary layoff .............................................. 2,320 2,568 2,952 2,274 2,652 2,660 2,668 2,630 2,882

Permanent job losers .............................................. 1,654 1,814 2,066 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Persons who completed temporary jobs ................ 666 754 887 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Job leavers ..................................................................... 730 763 724 803 794 839 790 783 798

Reentrants ...................................................................... 1,916 2,150 2,078 2,169 2,076 2,154 2,103 2,160 2,343

New entrants .................................................................. 471 622 556 592 603 685 709 669 697

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ........................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 52.0 48.9 54.4 47.6 51.1 49.6 50.9 50.0 50.1

On temporary layoff .................................................. 16.2 11.8 14.4 14.2 13.8 13.2 14.5 13.6 12.7

Not on temporary layoff ............................................ 35.7 37.1 40.1 33.4 37.3 36.4 36.4 36.4 37.5

Job leavers ................................................................... 11.3 11.0 9.8 11.8 11.2 11.5 10.8 10.8 10.4

Reentrants .................................................................... 29.5 31.1 28.2 31.9 29.2 29.5 28.7 29.9 30.4

New entrants ................................................................ 7.3 9.0 7.5 8.7 8.5 9.4 9.7 9.3 9.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5

Job leavers ................................................................... .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5

Reentrants .................................................................... 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5

New entrants ................................................................ .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .4 .5

1 Data not available.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect

updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2006

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Dec.

2006

Aug.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks .............................................................................. 2,507 2,450 2,666 2,650 2,610 2,537 2,508 2,633 2,793

5 to 14 weeks ..................................................................................... 1,986 2,176 2,302 2,013 2,201 2,330 2,454 2,157 2,330

15 weeks and over ............................................................................. 1,997 2,291 2,403 2,094 2,375 2,392 2,367 2,398 2,520

 15 to 26 weeks ................................................................................ 945 933 1,128 994 1,124 1,112 1,052 1,014 1,182

 27 weeks and over .......................................................................... 1,052 1,358 1,275 1,099 1,252 1,280 1,315 1,384 1,338

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .................................................... 15.9 17.6 16.4 16.1 16.9 16.6 17.0 17.2 16.6

Median duration, in weeks .................................................................. 7.4 8.6 8.3 7.5 8.6 8.9 8.7 8.7 8.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ............................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Less than 5 weeks ............................................................................ 38.6 35.4 36.2 39.2 36.3 34.9 34.2 36.6 36.5

 5 to 14 weeks ................................................................................... 30.6 31.5 31.2 29.8 30.6 32.1 33.5 30.0 30.5

 15 weeks and over ........................................................................... 30.8 33.1 32.6 31.0 33.1 33.0 32.3 33.4 33.0

 15 to 26 weeks ............................................................................... 14.6 13.5 15.3 14.7 15.6 15.3 14.4 14.1 15.5

 27 weeks and over ......................................................................... 16.2 19.6 17.3 16.3 17.4 17.6 17.9 19.3 17.5

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal

adjustment factors.

Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Dec.

2006

Dec.

2007

Dec.

2006

Dec.

2007

Dec.

2006

Dec.

2007

 Total, 16 years and over 1 ....................................................... 146,081 146,334 6,491 7,371 4.3 4.8

Management, professional, and related occupations ............. 51,834 52,324 918 1,041 1.7 2.0

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations .................................................................................... 21,901 21,699 357 461 1.6 2.1

 Professional and related occupations ...................................... 29,932 30,625 561 580 1.8 1.9

Service occupations ....................................................................... 23,413 23,551 1,346 1,571 5.4 6.3

Sales and office occupations ....................................................... 36,970 36,467 1,502 1,717 3.9 4.5

 Sales and related occupations .................................................. 17,446 16,654 727 903 4.0 5.1

 Office and administrative support occupations ...................... 19,525 19,812 775 814 3.8 3.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations .................................................................................... 15,802 15,459 1,075 1,286 6.4 7.7

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................. 866 931 137 101 13.6 9.8

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................ 9,710 9,302 736 990 7.0 9.6

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ 5,225 5,226 202 195 3.7 3.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations .................................................................................... 18,062 18,533 1,149 1,174 6.0 6.0

 Production occupations .............................................................. 8,981 9,458 580 600 6.1 6.0

 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 9,080 9,075 569 575 5.9 6.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Dec.

2006

Dec.

2007

Dec.

2006

Dec.

2007

 Total, 16 years and over 1 .................................................... 6,491 7,371 4.3 4.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .................... 5,199 5,943 4.4 4.9

 Mining ............................................................................................. 25 24 3.4 3.4

 Construction .................................................................................. 725 968 6.9 9.4

 Manufacturing ............................................................................... 660 772 4.0 4.6

 Durable goods ............................................................................ 395 459 3.8 4.3

 Nondurable goods ..................................................................... 265 313 4.6 5.1

 Wholesale and retail trade ......................................................... 965 1,009 4.5 4.8

 Transportation and utilities ......................................................... 190 210 3.2 3.4

 Information ..................................................................................... 108 125 2.9 3.7

 Financial activities ........................................................................ 227 315 2.3 3.2

 Professional and business services ......................................... 791 803 5.9 5.7

 Education and health services .................................................. 502 521 2.6 2.6

 Leisure and hospitality ................................................................ 701 961 5.9 7.9

 Other services ............................................................................... 306 235 5.2 3.9

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ...... 139 96 10.4 7.5

Government workers ..................................................................... 395 451 1.9 2.1

Self employed and unpaid family workers ................................. 287 326 2.6 3.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

(Percent)

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2006

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

Dec.

2006

Aug.

2007

Sept.

2007

Oct.

2007

Nov.

2007

Dec.

2007

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the

civilian labor force ..................................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a

percent of the civilian labor force .............................................. 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force

(official unemployment rate) ................................................. 4.3 4.5 4.8 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the

civilian labor force plus discouraged workers ........................... 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.2

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other

marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all marginally attached workers ................................ 5.0 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.8

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent

of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached

workers ..................................................................................... 7.8 8.1 8.7 7.9 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.8

 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither

working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job

and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a

subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not

looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are

those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a

part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS introduces new range of

alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly

Labor Review. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised

to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Total Men Women

Dec.

2006

Dec.

2007

Dec.

2006

Dec.

2007

Dec.

2006

Dec.

2007

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force .................................................................. 77,537 79,451 29,573 30,680 47,963 48,771

 Persons who currently want a job ...................................................... 4,121 4,398 1,934 2,039 2,187 2,359

Searched for work and available to work now 1 ........................... 1,252 1,344 699 755 553 589

Reason not currently looking:

Discouragement over job prospects 2 .................................. 274 363 194 238 81 125

Reasons other than discouragement 3 ................................. 978 981 506 516 472 464

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders 4 .................................................................. 7,950 7,577 3,966 3,734 3,984 3,843

 Percent of total employed ............................................................... 5.4 5.2 5.1 4.8 5.9 5.6

 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ................................. 4,252 4,067 2,399 2,239 1,853 1,828

 Primary and secondary jobs both part time .................................... 1,728 1,868 535 565 1,193 1,303

 Primary and secondary jobs both full time ...................................... 300 252 187 166 113 86

 Hours vary on primary or secondary job ......................................... 1,606 1,344 811 746 795 598

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and

were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training,

employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such

reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as

well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their

secondary job(s), not shown separately.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Dec. 

2006

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2006

 Aug. 

2007

 Sept. 

2007

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2007p

Change

from:

Nov. 2007-

Dec. 2007p

Total nonfarm ............................. 137,959 139,258 139,568 139,229 137,167 138,159 138,203 138,362 138,477 138,495 18

Total private ........................................ 115,465 116,577 116,742 116,466 115,053 115,886 115,923 116,033 116,120 116,107 -13

Goods-producing ............................................ 22,417 22,511 22,321 22,014 22,520 22,349 22,309 22,266 22,221 22,146 -75

Natural resources and mining .................................. 702 736 734 734 705 728 728 728 733 738 5

Logging ........................................................... 65.2 64.5 64.1 62.9 64.6 62.4 62.4 61.9 62.2 62.4 .2

Mining .................................................................... 636.3 671.7 670.3 671.3 640.0 665.2 665.4 666.4 670.7 675.7 5.0

Oil and gas extraction ........................................ 142.3 152.7 153.6 154.2 143.2 151.5 151.9 153.6 154.5 155.2 .7

Mining, except oil and gas1................................. 219.5 234.4 232.7 230.3 222.4 230.1 229.9 230.7 231.7 233.8 2.1

Coal mining ...................................................... 80.1 81.0 81.9 82.9 79.9 80.6 81.1 81.3 82.2 82.4 .2

Support activities for mining .............................. 274.5 284.6 284.0 286.8 274.4 283.6 283.6 282.1 284.5 286.7 2.2

Construction ............................................................. 7,579 7,788 7,631 7,360 7,684 7,620 7,595 7,575 7,538 7,489 -49

Construction of buildings ................................... 1,788.0 1,780.5 1,746.3 1,705.3 1,799.7 1,768.0 1,765.2 1,748.2 1,735.9 1,719.3 -16.6

Residential building ......................................... 1,008.8 982.4 959.8 938.1 1,013.0 983.0 979.0 965.3 955.4 943.6 -11.8

Nonresidential building .................................... 779.2 798.1 786.5 767.2 786.7 785.0 786.2 782.9 780.5 775.7 -4.8

Heavy and civil engineering construction ........ 960.4 1,052.1 1,017.1 948.0 993.5 994.2 990.3 991.8 989.7 985.6 -4.1

Specialty trade contractors ............................... 4,830.5 4,955.7 4,868.0 4,706.9 4,890.5 4,857.7 4,839.7 4,834.6 4,812.3 4,783.6 -28.7

Residential specialty trade contractors ........... 2,297.3 2,296.4 2,239.3 2,159.2 2,331.2 2,280.0 2,258.0 2,242.3 2,222.7 2,206.0 -16.7

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors ..... 2,533.2 2,659.3 2,628.7 2,547.7 2,559.3 2,577.7 2,581.7 2,592.3 2,589.6 2,577.6 -12.0

Manufacturing ........................................................... 14,136 13,987 13,956 13,920 14,131 14,001 13,986 13,963 13,950 13,919 -31

Production workers ....................................... 10,131 10,069 10,051 10,022 10,126 10,062 10,064 10,045 10,040 10,019 -21

Durable goods ....................................................... 8,981 8,841 8,837 8,831 8,972 8,873 8,862 8,845 8,843 8,823 -20

Production workers ....................................... 6,359 6,281 6,283 6,273 6,349 6,290 6,294 6,281 6,283 6,265 -18

Wood products ................................................... 537.2 517.9 509.3 503.9 540.4 523.2 518.3 516.9 511.5 507.6 -3.9

Nonmetallic mineral products ............................ 498.7 501.7 495.7 485.0 504.0 495.3 495.3 494.8 492.6 490.5 -2.1

Primary metals .................................................... 454.3 445.6 446.5 446.1 454.6 447.8 446.9 446.7 447.4 446.3 -1.1

Fabricated metal products ................................. 1,567.0 1,575.9 1,567.8 1,568.7 1,564.9 1,568.2 1,569.9 1,572.9 1,568.8 1,566.6 -2.2

Machinery ........................................................... 1,210.1 1,222.9 1,226.8 1,230.4 1,210.1 1,223.3 1,223.3 1,226.4 1,229.6 1,231.1 1.5

1 Computer and electronic products .................... 1,320.6 1,289.5 1,291.0 1,292.0 1,319.9 1,300.5 1,296.9 1,291.9 1,294.7 1,291.2 -3.5

Computer and peripheral equipment ............. 200.5 196.1 197.1 198.5 199.8 196.5 196.9 196.6 197.6 197.5 -.1

Communications equipment ........................... 144.1 140.1 140.3 140.0 143.8 142.7 142.3 139.9 141.0 139.7 -1.3

Semiconductors and electronic components . 465.2 453.4 452.9 453.7 466.2 458.3 455.9 455.2 455.4 455.1 -.3

Electronic instruments ..................................... 438.1 433.4 433.5 434.2 438.3 434.5 434.2 434.0 434.5 434.0 -.5

Electrical equipment and appliances ................ 438.5 433.4 434.0 434.0 437.4 434.6 435.0 435.3 436.1 433.0 -3.1

1 Transportation equipment .................................. 1,753.7 1,679.8 1,688.6 1,689.9 1,741.0 1,700.2 1,699.4 1,684.0 1,684.5 1,678.3 -6.2

Motor vehicles and parts2................................. 1,053.1 973.9 978.8 978.7 1,043.9 997.4 994.0 978.1 976.0 969.7 -6.3

Furniture and related products .......................... 540.1 521.8 522.7 521.5 541.1 526.9 525.7 522.8 524.6 522.5 -2.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................ 660.3 652.4 655.0 659.1 658.2 652.5 651.6 653.2 652.9 655.9 3.0

Nondurable goods ................................................. 5,155 5,146 5,119 5,089 5,159 5,128 5,124 5,118 5,107 5,096 -11

Production workers ....................................... 3,772 3,788 3,768 3,749 3,777 3,772 3,770 3,764 3,757 3,754 -3

Food manufacturing ........................................... 1,485.1 1,521.8 1,504.7 1,496.9 1,485.1 1,497.0 1,494.8 1,498.2 1,493.2 1,497.2 4.0

Beverages and tobacco products ...................... 193.6 200.5 197.4 191.8 195.5 198.5 198.0 197.0 197.1 194.7 -2.4

Textile mills ......................................................... 184.6 167.3 165.9 163.2 185.0 168.3 166.7 167.0 165.7 163.5 -2.2

Textile product mills ........................................... 157.2 152.5 151.2 149.7 157.7 153.0 152.5 152.2 152.0 150.5 -1.5

Apparel ................................................................ 228.8 210.2 211.0 207.9 230.4 214.4 212.5 210.5 210.7 208.8 -1.9

Leather and allied products ............................... 36.6 36.1 36.0 35.0 36.5 35.6 36.3 35.8 35.5 35.0 -.5

Paper and paper products ................................. 461.9 456.1 453.7 454.2 462.6 456.3 456.0 456.4 454.0 454.7 .7

Printing and related support activities ............... 640.3 628.5 629.8 626.8 636.7 626.2 629.0 627.5 627.2 623.7 -3.5

Petroleum and coal products ............................. 114.6 117.7 116.9 113.4 117.1 116.1 116.7 116.2 117.1 115.8 -1.3

Chemicals ........................................................... 871.0 869.8 867.1 871.3 871.0 874.9 875.3 872.3 870.4 871.7 1.3

Plastics and rubber products ............................. 781.6 785.1 785.0 778.9 781.7 787.9 786.1 784.4 783.6 780.2 -3.4

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Dec. 

2006

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2006

 Aug. 

2007

 Sept. 

2007

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2007p

Change

from:

Nov. 2007-

Dec. 2007p

Service-providing .............................................. 115,542 116,747 117,247 117,215 114,647 115,810 115,894 116,096 116,256 116,349 93

Private service-providing ............................... 93,048 94,066 94,421 94,452 92,533 93,537 93,614 93,767 93,899 93,961 62

Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................... 26,979 26,562 27,028 27,154 26,345 26,494 26,518 26,510 26,554 26,526 -28

Wholesale trade .................................................... 5,960.7 6,054.2 6,052.2 6,053.3 5,955.0 6,022.5 6,033.8 6,045.4 6,048.2 6,047.0 -1.2

Durable goods .................................................... 3,105.9 3,155.3 3,157.1 3,159.1 3,104.3 3,147.0 3,151.5 3,154.7 3,160.1 3,157.4 -2.7

Nondurable goods .............................................. 2,057.2 2,087.9 2,088.5 2,081.4 2,055.0 2,068.0 2,073.8 2,080.6 2,079.7 2,078.9 -.8

Electronic markets and agents and brokers ..... 797.6 811.0 806.6 812.8 795.7 807.5 808.5 810.1 808.4 810.7 2.3

Retail trade ............................................................ 15,895.9 15,368.5 15,810.7 15,931.3 15,323.7 15,385.6 15,383.0 15,362.6 15,394.6 15,370.3 -24.3

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1........................ 1,899.2 1,914.3 1,906.7 1,895.8 1,908.5 1,908.2 1,910.3 1,907.2 1,907.7 1,905.9 -1.8

Automobile dealers ......................................... 1,240.3 1,252.6 1,248.0 1,237.6 1,244.8 1,246.4 1,247.5 1,247.7 1,246.2 1,243.0 -3.2

Furniture and home furnishings stores ............. 615.4 587.5 617.1 618.2 591.4 586.5 583.9 586.2 596.6 592.9 -3.7

Electronics and appliance stores ....................... 553.3 531.6 557.9 559.2 531.4 532.7 534.0 530.6 536.2 536.0 -.2

Building material and garden supply stores ...... 1,282.4 1,269.2 1,254.6 1,244.1 1,314.1 1,305.9 1,288.4 1,283.2 1,280.7 1,279.0 -1.7

Food and beverage stores ................................. 2,880.2 2,885.9 2,926.2 2,929.3 2,843.7 2,873.5 2,878.8 2,883.2 2,891.9 2,891.3 -.6

Health and personal care stores ....................... 974.7 971.0 987.0 996.4 959.7 970.8 973.5 973.5 978.1 980.5 2.4

Gasoline stations ................................................ 853.6 852.7 850.7 844.3 854.8 851.1 854.3 851.1 850.8 846.5 -4.3

Clothing and clothing accessories stores ......... 1,609.2 1,450.0 1,567.9 1,619.5 1,460.1 1,460.3 1,462.1 1,460.0 1,473.6 1,465.7 -7.9

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores ................................................................ 715.1 667.8 712.0 722.7 648.9 666.7 669.6 664.9 665.4 661.5 -3.9

1 General merchandise stores ............................. 3,120.4 2,899.1 3,060.6 3,119.7 2,885.4 2,906.4 2,902.6 2,902.6 2,893.5 2,895.3 1.8

Department stores .......................................... 1,715.6 1,543.3 1,671.0 1,722.5 1,537.7 1,549.9 1,547.2 1,548.5 1,542.8 1,547.6 4.8

Miscellaneous store retailers ............................. 912.3 885.6 889.9 893.7 881.4 880.3 883.1 877.0 873.3 865.6 -7.7

Nonstore retailers ............................................... 480.1 453.8 480.1 488.4 444.3 443.2 442.4 443.1 446.8 450.1 3.3

Transportation and warehousing .......................... 4,574.8 4,584.3 4,610.4 4,613.9 4,517.0 4,529.8 4,545.8 4,545.5 4,555.2 4,551.3 -3.9

Air transportation ................................................ 489.1 496.4 499.7 502.6 488.3 492.5 494.6 495.8 500.1 502.0 1.9

Rail transportation .............................................. 226.8 226.9 227.7 227.5 226.4 227.4 227.7 227.1 226.7 227.5 .8

Water transportation ........................................... 66.6 70.4 68.9 69.1 67.8 70.6 70.5 70.3 70.7 70.4 -.3

Truck transportation ........................................... 1,456.0 1,456.2 1,447.6 1,439.0 1,453.6 1,443.5 1,445.6 1,440.1 1,438.3 1,436.2 -2.1

Transit and ground passenger transportation ... 405.9 415.1 411.3 408.0 390.2 400.1 401.2 399.8 395.1 392.8 -2.3

Pipeline transportation ....................................... 39.7 41.3 41.5 41.3 39.7 41.0 41.1 41.3 41.6 41.3 -.3

Scenic and sightseeing transportation .............. 22.3 28.6 26.2 23.4 27.8 27.4 27.7 28.0 28.4 28.4 .0

Support activities for transportation ................... 577.4 591.2 592.8 596.6 575.9 584.3 587.5 590.8 593.3 594.0 .7

Couriers and messengers .................................. 629.1 587.5 617.0 632.3 596.4 588.1 590.3 590.2 596.8 595.2 -1.6

Warehousing and storage .................................. 661.9 670.7 677.7 674.1 650.9 654.9 659.6 662.1 664.2 663.5 -.7

Utilities ................................................................... 548.0 555.3 554.3 555.9 549.2 556.0 555.6 556.3 555.9 556.9 1.0

Information ................................................................ 3,088 3,079 3,089 3,082 3,073 3,087 3,093 3,088 3,083 3,070 -13

Publishing industries, except Internet ............... 909.6 900.3 902.8 903.0 906.1 904.0 900.6 901.4 900.5 899.4 -1.1

Motion picture and sound recording industries . 386.0 375.9 371.5 364.3 378.3 380.3 385.9 381.1 372.0 360.4 -11.6

Broadcasting, except Internet ............................ 338.3 335.4 338.6 335.9 335.6 336.3 337.4 335.4 336.9 333.2 -3.7

Internet publishing and broadcasting ................ 37.0 44.7 45.1 44.6 37.0 43.1 44.0 44.5 44.9 44.6 -.3

Telecommunications .......................................... 977.8 972.3 980.1 983.1 978.0 973.1 974.1 974.8 978.5 982.4 3.9

ISPs, search portals, and data processing ....... 387.3 396.9 398.7 399.4 386.1 397.5 398.2 397.9 398.1 398.5 .4

Other information services ................................. 51.9 53.1 52.3 51.5 52.1 52.2 52.3 53.3 52.4 51.7 -.7

Financial activities .................................................... 8,436 8,433 8,410 8,410 8,438 8,463 8,439 8,437 8,421 8,417 -4

Finance and insurance .......................................... 6,242.2 6,232.3 6,229.1 6,224.7 6,239.8 6,256.4 6,241.6 6,235.5 6,229.1 6,223.2 -5.9

Monetary authorities - central bank ................... 21.7 21.5 21.5 21.4 21.8 21.8 21.6 21.6 21.5 21.5 .0

1 Credit intermediation and related activities ....... 2,959.5 2,896.6 2,889.5 2,883.9 2,959.7 2,926.8 2,909.2 2,900.8 2,891.3 2,884.3 -7.0

1 Depository credit intermediation ..................... 1,822.8 1,834.9 1,833.8 1,837.4 1,824.6 1,834.6 1,839.1 1,838.7 1,836.5 1,837.0 .5

Commercial banking .................................... 1,335.1 1,338.7 1,336.6 1,339.0 1,336.9 1,337.7 1,340.2 1,340.4 1,338.9 1,339.0 .1

Securities, commodity contracts, investments .. 829.7 852.6 854.1 851.1 829.2 848.7 849.7 850.0 850.6 850.9 .3

Insurance carriers and related activities ........... 2,335.9 2,365.6 2,368.5 2,372.3 2,333.9 2,362.6 2,365.3 2,366.7 2,369.9 2,370.7 .8

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ........ 95.4 96.0 95.5 96.0 95.2 96.5 95.8 96.4 95.8 95.8 .0

Real estate and rental and leasing ....................... 2,193.9 2,200.4 2,181.1 2,185.3 2,198.0 2,206.4 2,197.7 2,201.5 2,191.9 2,193.9 2.0

Real estate .......................................................... 1,517.3 1,523.3 1,511.4 1,519.9 1,516.4 1,528.1 1,521.2 1,523.4 1,517.4 1,522.8 5.4

Rental and leasing services ............................... 645.7 644.8 637.3 631.9 650.9 645.4 643.9 645.6 642.2 637.9 -4.3

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets ......... 30.9 32.3 32.4 33.5 30.7 32.9 32.6 32.5 32.3 33.2 .9

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Dec. 

2006

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2006

 Aug. 

2007

 Sept. 

2007

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2007p

Change

from:

Nov. 2007-

Dec. 2007p

Professional and business services ........................ 17,786 18,189 18,167 18,100 17,792 17,942 17,954 18,024 18,063 18,106 43

1 Professional and technical services ..................... 7,505.7 7,724.8 7,765.8 7,832.9 7,499.8 7,689.0 7,731.0 7,762.9 7,789.2 7,821.9 32.7

Legal services .................................................. 1,180.6 1,182.4 1,178.0 1,180.6 1,179.0 1,178.4 1,181.6 1,182.1 1,178.9 1,179.6 .7

Accounting and bookkeeping services ........... 919.0 907.6 932.4 986.0 925.1 957.7 968.3 973.4 979.1 985.6 6.5

Architectural and engineering services .......... 1,404.7 1,463.5 1,462.4 1,460.7 1,411.4 1,440.1 1,444.5 1,454.3 1,458.6 1,466.1 7.5

Computer systems design and related

services .......................................................... 1,308.4 1,370.2 1,376.5 1,378.0 1,303.3 1,355.6 1,363.8 1,365.8 1,372.3 1,373.7 1.4

Management and technical consulting

services .......................................................... 961.5 1,022.9 1,034.1 1,049.8 953.8 1,001.7 1,010.2 1,020.8 1,029.9 1,042.2 12.3

Management of companies and enterprises ....... 1,829.6 1,854.8 1,858.2 1,869.0 1,826.0 1,852.1 1,853.2 1,858.9 1,862.1 1,867.5 5.4

Administrative and waste services ....................... 8,450.3 8,609.8 8,542.8 8,398.4 8,466.4 8,400.6 8,370.1 8,402.2 8,411.9 8,416.9 5.0

1 Administrative and support services ................. 8,102.8 8,252.7 8,183.6 8,040.2 8,117.0 8,045.1 8,013.7 8,046.1 8,052.2 8,057.5 5.3

1 Employment services ...................................... 3,740.2 3,665.3 3,639.5 3,578.6 3,674.2 3,523.4 3,484.8 3,515.3 3,518.3 3,515.8 -2.5

Temporary help services ............................. 2,697.6 2,710.1 2,691.8 2,641.7 2,641.6 2,578.6 2,561.2 2,584.1 2,595.7 2,595.8 .1

Business support services .............................. 818.2 800.5 804.6 816.0 806.9 803.4 802.5 798.6 798.5 804.1 5.6

Services to buildings and dwellings ............... 1,730.7 1,901.4 1,852.7 1,786.3 1,817.7 1,848.7 1,850.4 1,858.1 1,852.3 1,871.3 19.0

Waste management and remediation services 347.5 357.1 359.2 358.2 349.4 355.5 356.4 356.1 359.7 359.4 -.3

Education and health services ................................ 18,241 18,741 18,820 18,799 18,063 18,484 18,505 18,554 18,583 18,627 44

Educational services ............................................. 3,092.9 3,201.6 3,228.8 3,174.2 2,948.6 3,039.7 3,020.0 3,028.4 3,027.7 3,034.8 7.1

Health care and social assistance ........................15,148.0 15,539.3 15,591.3 15,625.0 15,113.9 15,443.9 15,484.5 15,525.9 15,555.4 15,592.3 36.9

3 Health care ......................................................... 12,806.2 13,121.7 13,158.0 13,186.6 12,779.2 13,041.8 13,071.3 13,111.0 13,131.9 13,159.8 27.9

1 Ambulatory health care services .................... 5,386.9 5,555.9 5,571.1 5,586.8 5,369.2 5,507.0 5,523.4 5,548.7 5,555.2 5,568.0 12.8

Offices of physicians .................................... 2,199.4 2,250.0 2,264.4 2,273.9 2,185.5 2,232.5 2,240.6 2,248.4 2,255.9 2,259.7 3.8

Outpatient care centers ................................ 493.9 502.3 503.7 504.2 493.6 498.7 500.7 502.3 502.9 503.5 .6

Home health care services .......................... 892.1 940.7 942.3 942.0 890.9 931.9 932.8 938.4 938.7 941.2 2.5

Hospitals .......................................................... 4,471.7 4,569.5 4,580.3 4,587.4 4,469.5 4,546.3 4,555.6 4,567.0 4,575.3 4,585.0 9.7

1 Nursing and residential care facilities ............ 2,947.6 2,996.3 3,006.6 3,012.4 2,940.5 2,988.5 2,992.3 2,995.3 3,001.4 3,006.8 5.4

Nursing care facilities ................................... 1,600.0 1,617.0 1,620.7 1,623.2 1,596.4 1,613.8 1,614.7 1,615.3 1,617.0 1,619.9 2.9

1 Social assistance ................................................ 2,341.8 2,417.6 2,433.3 2,438.4 2,334.7 2,402.1 2,413.2 2,414.9 2,423.5 2,432.5 9.0

Child day care services ................................... 814.0 826.3 831.0 828.3 803.6 815.3 819.8 816.6 818.7 819.1 .4

Leisure and hospitality ............................................. 13,086 13,604 13,449 13,448 13,373 13,589 13,630 13,677 13,712 13,734 22

Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...................... 1,807.8 1,957.4 1,860.5 1,854.3 1,957.2 1,968.0 1,977.4 1,995.7 1,998.3 1,999.6 1.3

Performing arts and spectator sports ................ 389.0 425.7 410.3 414.9 406.4 410.7 412.6 421.1 422.4 429.3 6.9

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks ...... 120.9 134.3 128.2 124.2 127.1 131.8 132.3 132.2 131.8 131.1 -.7

Amusements, gambling, and recreation ........... 1,297.9 1,397.4 1,322.0 1,315.2 1,423.7 1,425.5 1,432.5 1,442.4 1,444.1 1,439.2 -4.9

Accommodations and food services .................... 11,278.1 11,646.5 11,588.7 11,593.5 11,415.9 11,621.4 11,652.3 11,681.7 11,713.2 11,734.8 21.6

Accommodations ................................................ 1,804.0 1,852.4 1,830.7 1,823.8 1,863.2 1,850.8 1,864.3 1,869.1 1,882.9 1,877.9 -5.0

Food services and drinking places .................... 9,474.1 9,794.1 9,758.0 9,769.7 9,552.7 9,770.6 9,788.0 9,812.6 9,830.3 9,856.9 26.6

Other services .......................................................... 5,432 5,458 5,458 5,459 5,449 5,478 5,475 5,477 5,483 5,481 -2

Repair and maintenance .................................... 1,245.2 1,257.6 1,255.8 1,246.5 1,251.6 1,260.6 1,261.8 1,259.8 1,261.2 1,256.1 -5.1

Personal and laundry services .......................... 1,285.2 1,282.5 1,282.9 1,288.0 1,287.4 1,292.4 1,290.5 1,288.7 1,290.1 1,291.3 1.2

Membership associations and organizations .... 2,901.4 2,917.6 2,919.7 2,924.8 2,909.7 2,925.2 2,923.0 2,928.1 2,931.2 2,933.6 2.4

Government .............................................................. 22,494 22,681 22,826 22,763 22,114 22,273 22,280 22,329 22,357 22,388 31

Federal ................................................................... 2,723 2,710 2,714 2,714 2,713 2,714 2,710 2,710 2,711 2,707 -4

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service ................. 1,938.8 1,951.1 1,950.3 1,940.0 1,948.6 1,952.1 1,949.2 1,949.9 1,950.6 1,950.1 -.5

U.S. Postal Service ............................................ 784.2 759.0 764.0 774.2 764.5 761.9 760.9 759.6 760.6 756.6 -4.0

State government .................................................. 5,214 5,298 5,331 5,286 5,111 5,137 5,159 5,162 5,170 5,181 11

State government education .............................. 2,432.5 2,483.9 2,514.9 2,470.0 2,311.8 2,320.3 2,336.9 2,336.9 2,340.2 2,348.3 8.1

State government, excluding education ............ 2,781.4 2,814.4 2,815.7 2,816.0 2,798.9 2,817.1 2,822.1 2,824.9 2,829.5 2,832.7 3.2

Local government .................................................. 14,557 14,673 14,781 14,763 14,290 14,422 14,411 14,457 14,476 14,500 24

Local government education ............................. 8,351.1 8,339.3 8,453.2 8,449.3 8,015.6 8,066.1 8,048.4 8,083.7 8,093.3 8,109.8 16.5

Local government, excluding education ........... 6,205.5 6,333.4 6,327.6 6,313.7 6,274.1 6,355.7 6,363.0 6,372.9 6,383.0 6,389.8 6.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor

vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing

and residential care facilities.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Dec. 

2006

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2006

 Aug. 

2007

 Sept. 

2007

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2007p

Change

from:

Nov. 2007-

Dec. 2007p

Total private ....................................... 33.9 33.8 33.7 34.1 33.9 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.8 0.0

Goods-producing .......................................... 41.0 40.9 40.7 40.7 40.7 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.5 -.1

Natural resources and mining .............................. 45.6 46.6 46.1 46.2 45.6 45.7 46.2 46.0 46.2 46.1 -.1

Construction ............................................................ 39.3 39.6 38.9 38.4 39.8 38.7 38.8 39.0 39.0 38.9 -.1

Manufacturing ......................................................... 41.7 41.4 41.5 41.8 41.0 41.4 41.3 41.2 41.3 41.1 -.2

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 -.2

Durable goods ..................................................... 42.0 41.7 41.6 42.0 41.2 41.7 41.6 41.5 41.5 41.3 -.2

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 -.2

Wood products .................................................. 39.6 39.7 39.1 39.9 39.3 39.6 39.7 39.5 39.4 39.7 .3

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 42.4 43.1 42.9 40.6 42.7 42.8 42.7 42.4 42.8 41.0 -1.8

Primary metals .................................................. 44.1 42.4 42.6 43.1 43.3 43.0 42.6 42.5 42.6 42.4 -.2

Fabricated metal products .............................. 41.7 42.0 41.8 41.9 41.0 41.7 41.8 41.7 41.6 41.4 -.2

Machinery .......................................................... 43.2 43.1 43.0 43.5 42.3 42.6 42.7 42.9 42.9 42.7 -.2

Computer and electronic products ................ 41.3 40.9 41.3 42.0 40.4 40.7 40.7 40.7 41.0 41.1 .1

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 41.6 41.3 41.6 42.6 40.4 41.3 41.3 40.9 41.2 41.4 .2

Transportation equipment ............................... 43.6 42.8 42.5 43.2 42.5 43.2 42.7 42.6 42.4 42.3 -.1

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 42.8 42.4 41.8 42.6 41.7 42.4 42.1 42.1 41.9 41.7 -.2

Furniture and related products ....................... 39.7 39.1 39.1 39.4 39.0 39.7 39.4 39.1 39.0 38.8 -.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 39.3 38.9 38.6 39.5 38.7 39.1 39.5 38.8 38.6 38.9 .3

Nondurable goods ............................................... 41.1 41.0 41.3 41.4 40.6 40.8 40.8 40.8 40.9 40.9 .0

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 -.1

Food manufacturing ......................................... 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.6 40.4 40.6 40.7 40.8 40.6 40.9 .3

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 40.4 40.2 40.2 41.4 40.7 40.9 40.7 40.7 40.3 41.6 1.3

Textile mills ........................................................ 41.5 39.9 40.6 41.5 41.0 39.8 40.5 40.4 40.7 40.8 .1

Textile product mills ......................................... 40.1 39.2 38.6 39.2 39.2 39.9 39.9 39.4 38.5 38.6 .1

Apparel ............................................................... 36.7 37.2 37.7 38.0 36.7 37.4 37.4 37.0 37.6 38.0 .4

Leather and allied products ............................ 38.7 37.8 38.8 39.5 38.2 37.5 37.7 37.7 38.3 38.8 .5

Paper and paper products .............................. 43.0 43.6 43.6 43.4 42.4 43.1 43.1 43.3 43.1 42.9 -.2

Printing and related support activities ........... 39.9 39.1 39.2 39.4 39.5 39.1 38.8 38.8 39.0 38.9 -.1

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 44.0 43.1 45.3 42.5 44.7 43.7 43.4 42.8 44.4 43.4 -1.0

Chemicals .......................................................... 42.4 41.4 42.2 42.3 42.0 42.0 41.9 41.6 42.1 41.9 -.2

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 41.3 41.6 42.1 41.9 40.6 41.4 41.6 41.6 42.1 41.3 -.8

Private service-providing ............................. 32.4 32.3 32.3 32.8 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 .0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 33.6 33.3 33.3 33.8 33.4 33.3 33.4 33.3 33.4 33.3 -.1

Wholesale trade ................................................... 38.0 38.1 38.1 38.7 38.0 38.2 38.2 38.1 38.1 38.2 .1

Retail trade ........................................................... 30.7 30.1 30.2 30.6 30.4 30.1 30.3 30.2 30.3 30.1 -.2

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 37.1 36.8 36.9 37.5 36.9 37.0 37.0 36.8 36.8 36.8 .0

Utilities ................................................................... 41.8 42.5 42.5 42.6 42.0 42.5 42.6 42.2 42.6 42.8 .2

Information ............................................................... 36.5 36.1 36.1 36.5 36.6 36.3 36.3 36.1 36.1 36.1 .0

Financial activities .................................................. 35.8 35.5 35.6 36.4 36.0 35.8 35.7 35.7 35.8 35.7 -.1

Professional and business services .................... 34.5 34.7 34.8 35.4 34.6 34.7 34.8 34.8 34.9 35.0 .1

Education and health services ............................. 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.9 32.4 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6 .0

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 25.4 25.2 24.9 25.2 25.7 25.4 25.4 25.3 25.2 25.2 .0

Other services ......................................................... 30.8 30.8 30.8 31.0 30.9 30.8 30.9 30.8 30.9 30.8 -.1

1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining

and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and

nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries.

These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the

total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, motor

vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and 

selected industry detail

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

 Dec. 

2006

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2006

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2007p

Total private ....................................... $17.07 $17.58 $17.63 $17.77 $578.67 $594.20 $594.13 $605.96

Seasonally adjusted ..................... 17.07 17.57 17.64 17.71 578.67 593.87 596.23 598.60

Goods-producing .......................................... 18.37 18.83 18.88 18.92 753.17 770.15 768.42 770.04

Natural resources and mining .............................. 20.61 21.04 21.46 21.56 939.82 980.46 989.31 996.07

Construction ............................................................ 20.52 21.23 21.30 21.43 806.44 840.71 828.57 822.91

Manufacturing ......................................................... 17.09 17.31 17.38 17.45 712.65 716.63 721.27 729.41

Durable goods ..................................................... 18.04 18.27 18.32 18.40 757.68 761.86 762.11 772.80

Wood products .................................................. 13.64 13.82 13.74 13.92 540.14 548.65 537.23 555.41

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 16.73 16.99 17.18 16.94 709.35 732.27 737.02 687.76

Primary metals .................................................. 19.45 19.76 19.80 19.87 857.75 837.82 843.48 856.40

Fabricated metal products .............................. 16.44 16.68 16.75 16.93 685.55 700.56 700.15 709.37

Machinery .......................................................... 17.78 17.70 17.74 17.75 768.10 762.87 762.82 772.13

Computer and electronic products ................ 19.57 20.25 20.10 20.21 808.24 828.23 830.13 848.82

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 15.72 15.71 15.64 15.62 653.95 648.82 650.62 665.41

Transportation equipment ............................... 22.76 23.18 23.29 23.19 992.34 992.10 989.83 1,001.81

Furniture and related products ....................... 14.13 14.38 14.32 14.47 560.96 562.26 559.91 570.12

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 14.47 14.67 14.78 15.10 568.67 570.66 570.51 596.45

Nondurable goods ............................................... 15.47 15.69 15.81 15.86 635.82 643.29 652.95 656.60

Food manufacturing ......................................... 13.33 13.60 13.61 13.67 547.86 560.32 562.09 568.67

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 18.34 18.68 19.29 19.45 740.94 750.94 775.46 805.23

Textile mills ........................................................ 12.63 12.93 12.97 13.18 524.15 515.91 526.58 546.97

Textile product mills ......................................... 11.90 11.81 11.90 12.00 477.19 462.95 459.34 470.40

Apparel ............................................................... 10.64 11.07 11.15 11.10 390.49 411.80 420.36 421.80

Leather and allied products ............................ 11.70 12.08 12.27 12.11 452.79 456.62 476.08 478.35

Paper and paper products .............................. 18.23 18.49 18.55 18.71 783.89 806.16 808.78 812.01

Printing and related support activities ........... 15.91 16.47 16.36 16.56 634.81 643.98 641.31 652.46

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 23.96 24.85 26.40 24.86 1,054.24 1,071.04 1,195.92 1,056.55

Chemicals .......................................................... 19.87 19.34 19.53 19.67 842.49 800.68 824.17 832.04

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 15.16 15.38 15.46 15.61 626.11 639.81 650.87 654.06

Private service-providing ............................. 16.73 17.25 17.31 17.48 542.05 557.18 559.11 573.34

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 15.41 15.97 15.91 15.94 517.78 531.80 529.80 538.77

Wholesale trade ................................................... 19.24 19.74 19.81 20.05 731.12 752.09 754.76 775.94

Retail trade ........................................................... 12.51 12.88 12.80 12.74 384.06 387.69 386.56 389.84

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 17.47 17.93 18.04 18.01 648.14 659.82 665.68 675.38

Utilities ................................................................... 27.38 28.48 28.30 28.77 1,144.48 1,210.40 1,202.75 1,225.60

Information ............................................................... 23.68 24.13 23.96 24.18 864.32 871.09 864.96 882.57

Financial activities .................................................. 19.27 19.80 19.88 20.00 689.87 702.90 707.73 728.00

Professional and business services .................... 19.67 20.21 20.32 20.81 678.62 701.29 707.14 736.67

Education and health services ............................. 17.68 18.21 18.33 18.44 572.83 591.83 595.73 606.68

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 10.13 10.61 10.69 10.81 257.30 267.37 266.18 272.41

Other services ......................................................... 15.06 15.31 15.36 15.52 463.85 471.55 473.09 481.12

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector 

and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total Private:

 Dec. 

2006

 Aug. 

2007

 Sept. 

2007

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2007p

Percent

change from:

Nov. 2007-

Dec. 2007 p

Current dollars ................................................ $17.07 $17.50 $17.54 $17.57 $17.64 $17.71 0.4

Constant (1982) dollars 2................................. 8.36 8.35 8.35 8.33 8.29 N.A.

Goods-producing .......................................................... 18.29 18.71 18.75 18.73 18.83 18.85 .1

Natural resources and mining .............................................. 20.52 21.11 21.00 21.09 21.40 21.43 .1

Construction ............................................................................ 20.44 20.99 21.10 21.05 21.24 21.33 .4

Manufacturing ......................................................................... 16.95 17.31 17.32 17.31 17.35 17.35 .0

.....................................................

4 Excluding overtime 16.12 16.49 16.50 16.49 16.53 16.56 .2

Durable goods ..................................................................... 17.86 18.26 18.26 18.24 18.26 18.26 .0

Nondurable goods ............................................................... 15.41 15.70 15.73 15.72 15.81 15.81 .0

Private service-providing ............................................. 16.74 17.18 17.23 17.26 17.33 17.42 .5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................................... 15.58 15.88 15.92 15.95 15.99 16.07 .5

Wholesale trade ................................................................... 19.20 19.63 19.69 19.76 19.80 19.91 .6

Retail trade ........................................................................... 12.67 12.84 12.86 12.87 12.89 12.91 .2

Transportation and warehousing ...................................... 17.53 17.79 17.90 17.91 18.02 18.05 .2

Utilities ................................................................................... 27.33 28.01 28.18 28.37 28.37 28.70 1.2

Information ............................................................................... 23.60 23.98 23.96 23.97 23.98 24.11 .5

Financial activities .................................................................. 19.29 19.77 19.81 19.82 19.89 19.92 .2

Professional and business services .................................... 19.64 20.28 20.36 20.35 20.42 20.59 .8

Education and health services ............................................. 17.67 18.10 18.17 18.23 18.32 18.40 .4

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................... 10.02 10.50 10.53 10.60 10.65 10.70 .5

Other services ......................................................................... 15.02 15.29 15.31 15.34 15.37 15.41 .3

3( )

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical

Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.

3 Change was -0.5 percent from Oct. 2007 to Nov. 2007, the latest

month available.

4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate

of time and one-half.

N.A. = not available.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Dec. 

2006

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2006

 Aug. 

2007

 Sept. 

2007

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2007p

Percent

change from:

Nov. 2007-

Dec. 2007p

Total private ....................................... 107.3 108.5 108.4 109.4 106.9 107.7 107.8 107.9 108.0 108.0 0.0

Goods-producing .......................................... 103.0 104.3 102.7 100.9 102.8 102.3 102.2 102.0 101.8 101.1 -.7

Natural resources and mining .............................. 128.7 137.2 135.0 134.8 129.2 132.8 134.5 133.2 134.8 135.2 .3

Construction ............................................................ 113.5 120.2 115.2 108.7 116.9 114.1 114.0 114.3 113.6 112.4 -1.1

Manufacturing ......................................................... 97.0 95.7 95.7 96.1 95.3 95.6 95.4 95.0 95.2 94.5 -.7

Durable goods ..................................................... 100.3 98.4 98.2 99.0 98.3 98.6 98.4 97.9 98.0 97.2 -.8

Wood products .................................................. 94.0 90.0 86.7 87.3 93.8 91.3 90.1 89.1 87.8 87.7 -.1

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 96.4 99.9 98.1 90.1 98.2 97.4 97.2 96.7 97.0 92.2 -4.9

Primary metals .................................................. 93.6 88.7 89.4 90.4 92.0 90.0 89.2 89.1 89.6 88.8 -.9

Fabricated metal products .............................. 105.0 106.5 105.3 105.5 103.2 105.1 105.4 105.4 104.9 104.1 -.8

Machinery .......................................................... 107.4 108.5 109.0 110.6 105.0 106.6 107.2 108.2 108.8 108.4 -.4

Computer and electronic products ................ 107.7 103.7 105.1 106.4 104.9 103.5 103.5 103.1 104.3 103.8 -.5

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 91.3 91.3 92.0 93.9 88.5 91.1 91.5 90.7 91.5 91.1 -.4

Transportation equipment ............................... 101.7 96.7 96.7 98.6 98.2 98.8 98.1 96.6 96.3 95.8 -.5

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 92.1 84.2 83.7 85.0 88.8 86.3 85.9 84.1 83.7 82.4 -1.6

Furniture and related products ....................... 89.2 84.5 84.7 85.5 87.8 86.9 86.0 84.9 85.1 84.5 -.7

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 93.8 92.0 92.1 95.1 92.2 92.3 93.3 92.0 91.7 93.2 1.6

Nondurable goods ............................................... 91.3 91.5 91.6 91.4 90.3 90.6 90.6 90.4 90.5 90.4 -.1

Food manufacturing ......................................... 102.1 105.1 104.4 104.7 100.3 101.9 101.9 102.3 101.6 102.9 1.3

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 98.3 100.8 97.3 95.9 100.1 103.1 101.2 99.9 97.8 98.7 .9

Textile mills ........................................................ 63.4 55.0 55.4 55.6 62.8 54.8 55.5 55.6 55.2 54.8 -.7

Textile product mills ......................................... 82.9 76.3 74.1 74.5 81.7 78.4 77.8 76.5 74.4 73.9 -.7

Apparel ............................................................... 62.1 58.9 59.9 59.9 62.8 60.4 59.9 58.8 59.8 60.4 1.0

Leather and allied products ............................ 74.2 74.7 75.4 75.2 72.9 71.6 74.5 73.5 73.4 73.6 .3

Paper and paper products .............................. 85.9 86.4 85.9 85.6 84.7 85.5 85.4 85.8 84.9 84.6 -.4

Printing and related support activities ........... 96.6 92.8 93.2 93.5 95.0 92.1 92.4 91.8 92.2 91.5 -.8

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 91.7 100.9 104.7 90.7 95.3 97.9 98.9 98.1 101.7 95.1 -6.5

Chemicals .......................................................... 95.0 94.1 96.0 97.4 94.4 96.0 96.0 95.1 96.5 96.7 .2

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 92.9 95.1 96.2 95.1 91.4 94.9 95.0 94.9 96.1 94.0 -2.2

Private service-providing ............................. 108.5 109.6 110.2 111.9 107.8 109.2 109.4 109.6 109.8 109.9 .1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 107.0 104.6 106.7 108.9 103.6 104.2 104.6 104.4 104.9 104.5 -.4

Wholesale trade ................................................... 106.8 110.2 110.2 112.1 106.8 109.6 109.9 110.0 110.1 110.6 .5

Retail trade ........................................................... 106.2 100.5 104.1 106.4 100.8 100.5 101.2 100.8 101.3 100.4 -.9

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 111.0 110.5 111.5 113.3 109.2 109.5 109.8 109.3 109.8 109.7 -.1

Utilities ................................................................... 94.4 96.6 96.4 98.9 95.0 96.6 96.9 96.4 97.1 99.5 2.5

Information ............................................................... 101.5 100.8 101.5 102.5 101.3 101.4 101.6 101.1 101.2 100.9 -.3

Financial activities .................................................. 109.6 109.5 109.6 112.2 110.2 110.6 110.2 110.2 110.4 110.1 -.3

Professional and business services .................... 113.3 117.0 117.2 118.7 113.7 115.0 115.6 116.0 116.6 117.4 .7

Education and health services ............................. 111.2 114.7 115.2 116.6 110.1 113.6 113.7 113.9 114.1 114.4 .3

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 107.5 111.0 108.4 109.5 111.4 111.7 112.2 112.1 111.9 112.1 .2

Other services ......................................................... 97.3 98.3 98.3 98.8 98.0 98.6 98.9 98.6 99.0 98.6 -.4

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and

motor vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by

dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by

the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours

estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours

and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Dec. 

2006

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2006

 Aug. 

2007

 Sept. 

2007

 Oct. 

2007

 Nov. 

2007p

 Dec. 

2007p

Percent

change from:

Nov. 2007-

Dec. 2007p

Total private ....................................... 122.4 127.5 127.7 129.9 121.9 125.9 126.3 126.7 127.3 127.9 0.5

Goods-producing .......................................... 115.8 120.2 118.8 116.9 115.1 117.3 117.4 117.0 117.4 116.7 -.6

Natural resources and mining .............................. 154.2 167.9 168.5 169.0 154.1 163.1 164.3 163.4 167.8 168.5 .4

Construction ............................................................ 125.8 137.8 132.5 125.8 129.1 129.3 129.9 130.0 130.3 129.4 -.7

Manufacturing ......................................................... 108.4 108.3 108.8 109.7 105.6 108.2 108.1 107.5 108.0 107.2 -.7

Durable goods ..................................................... 113.0 112.2 112.3 113.7 109.6 112.3 112.1 111.5 111.7 110.8 -.8

Nondurable goods ............................................... 99.8 101.4 102.4 102.5 98.3 100.6 100.7 100.5 101.1 101.0 -.1

Private service-providing ............................. 124.4 129.7 130.8 134.1 123.7 128.7 129.2 129.7 130.5 131.3 .6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 117.7 119.2 121.1 123.9 115.1 118.0 118.8 118.8 119.6 119.8 .2

Wholesale trade ................................................... 121.1 128.2 128.6 132.4 120.7 126.7 127.4 128.0 128.4 129.7 1.0

Retail trade ........................................................... 113.8 110.9 114.3 116.2 109.5 110.6 111.6 111.2 111.9 111.1 -.7

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 123.1 125.7 127.6 129.4 121.4 123.6 124.7 124.2 125.5 125.7 .2

Utilities ................................................................... 107.8 114.9 113.8 118.7 108.4 113.0 114.0 114.1 115.0 119.1 3.6

Information ............................................................... 118.9 120.4 120.3 122.7 118.3 120.3 120.5 120.0 120.1 120.4 .2

Financial activities .................................................. 130.6 134.0 134.7 138.7 131.5 135.2 135.0 135.1 135.8 135.6 -.1

Professional and business services .................... 132.6 140.7 141.7 146.9 132.8 138.7 140.0 140.4 141.7 143.8 1.5

Education and health services ............................. 129.2 137.3 138.8 141.3 127.9 135.1 135.8 136.5 137.4 138.4 .7

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 123.7 133.8 131.6 134.5 126.7 133.2 134.1 135.0 135.4 136.2 .6

Other services ......................................................... 106.8 109.6 110.0 111.7 107.2 109.9 110.4 110.2 110.9 110.7 -.2

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated

by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate payrolls

by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate

payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory

worker employment.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change

(Percent)

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 278 industries

Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries

1

1

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Time span

2003 ......................................................... 43.5 37.2 33.6 38.8 40.8 38.5 39.2 41.7 48.0 50.2 52.2 52.9

2004 ......................................................... 51.6 50.2 62.1 64.9 59.9 57.6 56.5 51.4 56.5 55.0 51.4 55.6

2005 ......................................................... 52.5 61.3 52.7 60.8 54.9 58.5 59.0 60.4 53.6 53.1 62.2 60.4

2006 ......................................................... 64.2 64.6 64.0 62.8 56.7 55.9 59.4 55.9 55.8 57.7 53.6 57.6

2007 ......................................................... 54.9 54.7 55.0 52.9 57.9 53.6 53.2 52.0 56.7 53.1 p 52.2 p 48.4

2003 ......................................................... 39.6 33.8 34.9 33.8 35.3 42.3 39.2 34.4 42.6 48.6 48.7 50.2

2004 ......................................................... 55.9 53.2 57.0 64.2 70.3 65.6 59.9 55.2 57.9 59.0 60.4 55.8

2005 ......................................................... 51.3 55.9 56.8 61.3 57.2 59.4 62.8 63.7 59.9 53.4 57.2 62.2

2006 ......................................................... 70.5 66.7 66.0 66.9 63.3 62.4 60.3 62.6 57.7 59.0 57.7 59.9

2007 ......................................................... 64.6 60.6 61.2 59.4 60.1 56.5 56.1 54.7 56.5 53.2 p 54.0 p 51.8

2003 ......................................................... 34.7 33.1 31.1 33.3 33.5 36.5 32.7 32.4 40.8 44.8 47.7 47.5

2004 ......................................................... 49.8 51.8 55.0 60.8 63.5 63.7 63.3 62.6 58.3 62.1 55.4 55.2

2005 ......................................................... 54.1 57.2 57.6 56.3 56.5 58.1 65.8 63.8 61.9 59.2 62.8 60.8

2006 ......................................................... 63.8 63.3 67.1 68.2 67.1 67.1 63.5 62.9 62.6 62.1 61.5 61.0

2007 ......................................................... 62.2 60.3 65.3 62.8 61.7 61.3 59.7 56.8 58.6 58.5 p 55.2 p 53.4

2003 ......................................................... 34.5 31.5 32.9 33.5 34.2 35.1 32.7 33.1 37.1 36.7 37.2 39.2

2004 ......................................................... 40.3 42.1 44.8 48.4 50.7 57.7 57.0 55.2 56.7 58.3 60.1 60.3

2005 ......................................................... 60.1 61.0 59.5 58.8 58.3 60.3 60.6 62.8 60.3 58.8 59.7 61.3

2006 ......................................................... 67.3 65.3 66.0 64.7 65.8 65.3 67.6 66.4 66.5 66.4 65.5 65.1

2007 ......................................................... 64.6 64.4 63.8 64.0 62.6 62.2 61.5 62.6 63.5 62.6 p 61.7 p 58.8

2003 ......................................................... 34.5 17.3 17.3 10.7 22.0 17.3 17.3 31.5 26.8 38.1 42.3 42.3

2004 ......................................................... 41.1 45.2 47.0 63.1 50.0 48.2 56.5 43.5 41.7 43.5 40.5 42.3

2005 ......................................................... 36.9 48.2 43.5 48.2 38.7 37.5 42.3 45.8 44.0 44.6 48.2 51.8

2006 ......................................................... 63.1 48.2 56.0 53.0 47.0 58.9 51.2 44.6 40.5 47.6 43.5 38.7

2007 ......................................................... 52.4 38.7 30.4 33.3 42.3 42.9 45.8 32.7 41.1 39.3 p 45.2 p 31.5

2003 ......................................................... 15.5 11.3 13.7 9.5 8.9 11.9 15.5 15.5 17.9 29.2 30.4 33.3

2004 ......................................................... 45.2 42.9 43.5 57.7 60.1 58.3 55.4 46.4 47.0 42.9 42.9 37.5

2005 ......................................................... 35.1 39.9 40.5 42.3 35.1 33.9 40.5 41.7 42.3 40.5 39.9 43.5

2006 ......................................................... 56.5 52.4 52.4 51.2 47.6 54.8 48.2 52.4 39.3 42.3 35.7 39.9

2007 ......................................................... 48.2 38.1 42.9 31.0 33.3 38.1 34.5 32.7 31.5 34.5 p 39.3 p 34.5

2003 ......................................................... 11.9 11.3 7.1 8.3 9.5 10.7 7.1 9.5 12.5 16.1 25.0 24.4

2004 ......................................................... 28.0 32.7 35.1 47.0 50.0 52.4 54.2 52.4 48.8 51.2 41.1 38.7

2005 ......................................................... 31.5 35.1 36.3 34.5 32.1 33.3 44.0 39.3 32.1 36.9 34.5 39.3

2006 ......................................................... 42.9 41.7 50.0 50.6 51.2 53.0 45.8 45.8 47.6 45.2 44.6 39.9

2007 ......................................................... 39.9 37.5 37.5 36.9 36.3 38.1 33.9 29.2 29.8 36.9 p 33.3 p 29.2

2003 ......................................................... 10.7 6.0 6.5 6.0 8.3 7.1 7.1 8.3 10.7 10.7 9.5 10.7

2004 ......................................................... 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.3 44.0 44.6 44.6

2005 ......................................................... 44.6 44.6 41.7 40.5 37.5 36.3 32.1 33.9 32.7 33.3 33.3 37.5

2006 ......................................................... 44.6 40.5 40.5 40.5 39.3 42.3 48.8 48.8 44.6 45.2 43.5 41.7

2007 ......................................................... 41.7 42.3 39.3 39.9 36.3 33.3 32.1 33.3 33.3 32.7 p 35.7 p 32.7

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and

unadjusted data for the 12-month span.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing

plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where

50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing

and decreasing employment.