Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-16-1096 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 3, 2016

Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — MAY 2016

The unemployment rate declined by 0.3 percentage point to 4.7 percent in May, and nonfarm payroll

employment changed little (+38,000), the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment 

increased in health care. Mining continued to lose jobs, and employment in information decreased due to 

a strike.

Household Survey Data

In May, the unemployment rate declined by 0.3 percentage point to 4.7 percent, and the number of 

unemployed persons declined by 484,000 to 7.4 million. Both measures had shown little movement 

from August to April. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.3 percent), adult women 

(4.2 percent), Whites (4.1 percent), and Hispanics (5.6 percent) declined in May. The rates for teenagers 

(16.0 percent), Blacks (8.2 percent), and Asians (4.1 percent) showed little or no change. (See

tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, May 2014 – May 2016

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

May-14 Aug-14 Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16

Percent Thousands

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

May-14 Aug-14 Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

May 2014 – May 2016
- 2 - 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) declined by 178,000 to 1.9 

million in May. These individuals accounted for 25.1 percent of the unemployed. The number of persons 

unemployed less than 5 weeks decreased by 338,000 to 2.2 million. (See table A-12.) 

The number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs declined by 282,000 over the 

month to 3.6 million. (See table A-11.)

In May, the civilian labor force participation rate decreased by 0.2 percentage point to 62.6 percent. 

The rate has declined by 0.4 percentage point over the past 2 months, offsetting gains in the first quarter. 

The employment-population ratio, at 59.7 percent, was unchanged in May. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (also referred to as involuntary 

part-time workers) increased by 468,000 to 6.4 million in May, after showing little movement since 

November. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part

time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See 

table A-8.) 

In May, 1.7 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little changed from a year 

earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and 

were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 538,000 discouraged workers in May, essentially 

unchanged from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons 

not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.2 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in May had not searched for work for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment changed little in May (+38,000). Job growth occurred in health 

care. Mining continued to lose jobs, and a strike resulted in job losses in information. (See table B-1.) 

Health care added 46,000 jobs in May, with increases occurring in ambulatory health care services 

(+24,000), hospitals (+17,000), and nursing care facilities (+5,000). Over the year, health care 

employment has increased by 487,000. 

In May, mining employment continued to decline (-10,000). Since reaching a peak in September 2014, 

mining has lost 207,000 jobs. Support activities for mining accounted for three-fourths of the jobs lost 

during this period, including 6,000 in May.

Employment in information declined by 34,000 in May. About 35,000 workers in the 

telecommunications industry were on strike and not on company payrolls during the survey reference 

period. 

Within manufacturing, employment in durable goods declined by 18,000 in May, with job losses of 

7,000 in machinery and 3,000 in furniture and related products. 
- 3 - 

Employment in professional and business services changed little in May (+10,000), after increasing by 

55,000 in April. Within the industry, professional and technical services added 26,000 jobs in May, in 

line with average monthly gains over the prior 12 months. Employment in temporary help services was 

little changed over the month (-21,000) but is down by 64,000 thus far this year. 

Employment in other major industries, including construction, wholesale trade, retail trade, 

transportation and warehousing, financial activities, leisure and hospitality, and government, 

changed little over the month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours in 

May. The manufacturing workweek increased by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours, and manufacturing overtime 

was unchanged at 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In May, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 5 cents to 

$25.59, following an increase of 9 cents in April. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 

2.5 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees

increased by 3 cents to $21.49 in May. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised from +208,000 to +186,000, 

and the change for April was revised from +160,000 to +123,000. With these revisions, employment 

gains in March and April combined were 59,000 less than previously reported. Over the past 3 months, 

job gains have averaged 116,000 per month. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for June is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 8, 2016, at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

Change from:

Apr. 2016-

May 2016

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 250,455 252,768 252,969 253,174 205

Civilian labor force........................................................... 157,367 159,286 158,924 158,466 -458

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.8 63.0 62.8 62.6 -0.2

Employed................................................................... 148,748 151,320 151,004 151,030 26

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.4 59.9 59.7 59.7 0.0

Unemployed............................................................... 8,619 7,966 7,920 7,436 -484

Unemployment rate.................................................... 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.7 -0.3

Not in labor force............................................................ 93,089 93,482 94,044 94,708 664

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.7 -0.3

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 5.0 4.5 4.6 4.3 -0.3

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.2 -0.3

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 17.8 15.9 16.0 16.0 0.0

White.......................................................................... 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.1 -0.2

Black or African American.................................................. 10.2 9.0 8.8 8.2 -0.6

Asian.......................................................................... 4.1 4.0 3.8 4.1 0.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 6.7 5.6 6.1 5.6 -0.5

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.4 4.1 4.1 3.8 -0.3

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 8.5 7.4 7.5 7.1 -0.4

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.1 -0.3

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.4 4.1 4.1 3.9 -0.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.4 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 4,263 3,835 3,855 3,573 -282

Job leavers...................................................................... 823 833 851 796 -55

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,584 2,495 2,357 2,209 -148

New entrants.................................................................... 963 778 839 865 26

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,397 2,412 2,545 2,207 -338

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,507 2,205 2,131 2,239 108

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,286 1,178 1,304 1,173 -131

27 weeks and over............................................................. 2,491 2,213 2,063 1,885 -178

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 6,600 6,123 5,962 6,430 468

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,883 3,631 3,709 3,890 181

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,371 2,154 2,009 2,086 77

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 19,950 20,428 20,469 20,606 137

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,862 1,720 1,715 1,713 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 563 585 568 538 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 186 123 38

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 167 130 25

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 -7 -14 -36

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -20 -15 -11 -11

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 37 -5 -15

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 -29 2 -10

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -25 2 -18

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 -1.0 6.6 -0.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 -4 0 8

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 174 144 61

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 3.6 1.8 -10.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 42.4 -5.1 11.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 5.7 10.1 -0.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 -0.9 -0.2 -1.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 3 -34

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 14 18 8

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 31 55 10

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 -1.8 5.0 -21.0

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 46 46 67

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 36.7 31.8 55.4

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 18 11 11

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6 5 -1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 19 -7 13

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 196 181 116

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 181 173 107

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.3 49.5 49.5 49.5

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 48.1 48.1 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.5 82.4 82.3 82.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.4 34.4 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24.97 $25.45 $25.54 $25.59

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $861.47 $875.48 $878.58 $880.30

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.5 105.0 105.1 105.2

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.5 127.8 128.4 128.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.2

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (262 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 56.3 53.8 51.3

Manufacturing (79 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.8 34.8 45.6 43.7

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 146,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 623,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from 

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,455 252,969 253,174 250,455 252,397 252,577 252,768 252,969 253,174

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,719 158,488 158,800 157,367 158,335 158,890 159,286 158,924 158,466

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 62.7 62.7 62.8 62.7 62.9 63.0 62.8 62.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,349 151,075 151,594 148,748 150,544 151,074 151,320 151,004 151,030

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 59.7 59.9 59.4 59.6 59.8 59.9 59.7 59.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,370 7,413 7,207 8,619 7,791 7,815 7,966 7,920 7,436

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.7 4.5 5.5 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,736 94,481 94,374 93,089 94,062 93,688 93,482 94,044 94,708

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,536 5,671 6,449 6,047 5,973 5,870 5,712 5,793 5,923

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,927 122,213 122,316 120,927 121,926 122,017 122,112 122,213 122,316

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,020 84,323 84,524 83,820 84,238 84,673 84,765 84,641 84,332

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.5 69.0 69.1 69.3 69.1 69.4 69.4 69.3 68.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,474 80,302 80,673 79,168 80,104 80,491 80,543 80,419 80,369

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.7 65.7 66.0 65.5 65.7 66.0 66.0 65.8 65.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,546 4,021 3,851 4,652 4,134 4,181 4,222 4,222 3,963

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.8 4.6 5.5 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,907 37,890 37,792 37,107 37,688 37,344 37,347 37,572 37,984

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,498 113,746 113,844 112,498 113,483 113,566 113,653 113,746 113,844

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,102 81,655 81,637 80,855 81,333 81,667 81,815 81,748 81,407

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 71.8 71.7 71.9 71.7 71.9 72.0 71.9 71.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,137 78,028 78,241 76,807 77,704 77,991 78,096 77,999 77,917

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 68.6 68.7 68.3 68.5 68.7 68.7 68.6 68.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,965 3,628 3,396 4,048 3,629 3,677 3,719 3,749 3,490

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.4 4.2 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,396 32,090 32,208 31,644 32,151 31,898 31,838 31,998 32,437

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,528 130,756 130,858 129,528 130,471 130,561 130,656 130,756 130,858

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,699 74,164 74,276 73,547 74,097 74,217 74,520 74,284 74,134

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 56.7 56.8 56.8 56.8 56.8 57.0 56.8 56.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,875 70,773 70,921 69,580 70,440 70,583 70,777 70,586 70,661

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.9 54.1 54.2 53.7 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.0 54.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,824 3,391 3,356 3,967 3,657 3,634 3,743 3,698 3,473

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.6 4.5 5.4 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,829 56,592 56,582 55,981 56,374 56,344 56,135 56,472 56,725

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,342 122,524 122,622 121,342 122,263 122,345 122,433 122,524 122,622

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,874 71,329 71,366 70,712 71,171 71,313 71,610 71,302 71,218

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 58.2 58.2 58.3 58.2 58.3 58.5 58.2 58.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,493 68,346 68,496 67,175 67,940 68,094 68,293 68,072 68,209

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.6 55.8 55.9 55.4 55.6 55.7 55.8 55.6 55.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,381 2,983 2,870 3,538 3,231 3,219 3,317 3,230 3,009

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.2 4.0 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,467 51,196 51,256 50,629 51,092 51,032 50,823 51,223 51,404

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,615 16,699 16,708 16,615 16,651 16,666 16,682 16,699 16,708

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,743 5,504 5,797 5,800 5,832 5,909 5,860 5,875 5,841

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 33.0 34.7 34.9 35.0 35.5 35.1 35.2 35.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,718 4,701 4,857 4,766 4,901 4,990 4,931 4,934 4,904

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.4 28.2 29.1 28.7 29.4 29.9 29.6 29.5 29.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,025 802 940 1,033 931 920 929 941 937

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.8 14.6 16.2 17.8 16.0 15.6 15.9 16.0 16.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,872 11,195 10,911 10,815 10,819 10,757 10,822 10,824 10,867

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,673 197,906 198,013 196,673 197,639 197,718 197,809 197,906 198,013

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,087 124,416 124,590 123,796 124,362 124,748 125,018 124,749 124,299

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 62.9 62.9 62.9 62.9 63.1 63.2 63.0 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,457 119,337 119,686 117,991 119,029 119,442 119,674 119,369 119,222

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.2 60.3 60.4 60.0 60.2 60.4 60.5 60.3 60.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,630 5,079 4,904 5,805 5,333 5,306 5,345 5,380 5,077

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.1 3.9 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,586 73,490 73,423 72,877 73,277 72,970 72,791 73,157 73,714

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,942 65,093 65,104 64,754 65,002 65,304 65,296 65,178 64,932

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.3 72.0 72.0 72.1 72.0 72.3 72.3 72.1 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,297 62,583 62,777 62,009 62,482 62,787 62,739 62,600 62,498

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.4 69.2 69.4 69.1 69.2 69.5 69.4 69.2 69.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,645 2,510 2,327 2,746 2,520 2,517 2,557 2,578 2,434

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 3.9 3.6 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.7

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,619 55,023 54,925 54,457 54,753 54,803 55,142 54,984 54,754

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.7 57.8 57.7 57.6 57.6 57.6 58.0 57.8 57.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,347 52,991 53,017 52,110 52,603 52,659 52,992 52,798 52,775

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 55.7 55.7 55.1 55.4 55.4 55.7 55.5 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,271 2,032 1,908 2,347 2,150 2,144 2,149 2,185 1,979

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.7 3.5 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,526 4,300 4,560 4,585 4,607 4,641 4,580 4,587 4,612

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.7 34.8 36.9 37.2 37.4 37.7 37.1 37.2 37.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,812 3,763 3,892 3,872 3,944 3,995 3,942 3,970 3,949

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.9 30.5 31.5 31.4 32.0 32.4 32.0 32.2 32.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 537 668 712 663 645 638 617 664

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.8 12.5 14.7 15.5 14.4 13.9 13.9 13.4 14.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,326 31,792 31,828 31,326 31,679 31,716 31,753 31,792 31,828

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,443 19,368 19,424 19,434 19,536 19,569 19,513 19,413 19,410

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 60.9 61.0 62.0 61.7 61.7 61.5 61.1 61.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,489 17,779 17,865 17,450 17,821 17,851 17,759 17,700 17,822

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 55.9 56.1 55.7 56.3 56.3 55.9 55.7 56.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,953 1,590 1,559 1,984 1,716 1,718 1,754 1,713 1,588

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 8.2 8.0 10.2 8.8 8.8 9.0 8.8 8.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,883 12,423 12,403 11,892 12,143 12,147 12,240 12,379 12,417

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,927 8,964 8,926 8,902 8,844 8,910 8,881 9,013 8,889

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 67.7 67.4 68.5 67.1 67.5 67.2 68.1 67.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,994 8,157 8,248 7,987 8,101 8,146 8,112 8,155 8,218

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 61.6 62.3 61.4 61.5 61.7 61.4 61.6 62.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933 807 677 915 743 764 768 858 671

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 9.0 7.6 10.3 8.4 8.6 8.7 9.5 7.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,798 9,712 9,773 9,822 9,970 9,938 9,868 9,667 9,801

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 60.5 60.8 62.0 62.3 62.0 61.5 60.2 61.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,990 9,090 9,089 8,967 9,179 9,152 9,076 9,003 9,079

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 56.6 56.6 56.6 57.4 57.1 56.6 56.1 56.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808 622 684 855 791 786 792 665 722

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 6.4 7.0 8.7 7.9 7.9 8.0 6.9 7.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718 693 726 710 722 720 764 732 720

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.8 27.6 28.9 28.5 28.9 28.8 30.5 29.2 28.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 533 528 496 540 552 571 542 525

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 21.3 21.0 19.9 21.7 22.1 22.8 21.6 20.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 160 198 215 182 168 193 190 195

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.6 23.1 27.3 30.2 25.2 23.3 25.3 26.0 27.1

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,403 14,853 14,938 14,403 14,816 14,974 14,911 14,853 14,938

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,157 9,444 9,422 9,159 9,192 9,426 9,411 9,448 9,413

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 63.6 63.1 63.6 62.0 62.9 63.1 63.6 63.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,804 9,101 9,055 8,785 8,856 9,070 9,038 9,090 9,027

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1 61.3 60.6 61.0 59.8 60.6 60.6 61.2 60.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 343 367 374 337 355 373 357 386

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.6 3.9 4.1 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,246 5,409 5,516 5,244 5,623 5,548 5,500 5,406 5,525

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 39,483 40,474 40,558 39,483 40,215 40,302 40,386 40,474 40,558

Civilian labor force................................ 26,179 26,530 26,535 26,132 26,451 26,642 26,782 26,595 26,510

Participation rate............................... 66.3 65.5 65.4 66.2 65.8 66.1 66.3 65.7 65.4

Employed....................................... 24,521 25,036 25,163 24,377 24,893 25,193 25,289 24,960 25,032

Employment-population ratio............... 62.1 61.9 62.0 61.7 61.9 62.5 62.6 61.7 61.7

Unemployed.................................... 1,658 1,493 1,372 1,755 1,558 1,449 1,493 1,636 1,478

Unemployment rate......................... 6.3 5.6 5.2 6.7 5.9 5.4 5.6 6.1 5.6

Not in labor force................................. 13,304 13,944 14,023 13,351 13,764 13,660 13,604 13,878 14,048

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,505 14,656 14,616 14,470 14,590 14,705 14,799 14,685 14,598

Participation rate............................... 81.5 80.3 79.9 81.3 80.5 80.9 81.3 80.5 79.8

Employed....................................... 13,676 13,985 14,016 13,613 13,878 14,018 14,085 13,949 13,956

Employment-population ratio............... 76.8 76.7 76.7 76.5 76.5 77.2 77.4 76.5 76.3

Unemployed.................................... 829 671 600 857 712 688 714 736 642

Unemployment rate......................... 5.7 4.6 4.1 5.9 4.9 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,575 10,768 10,696 10,533 10,649 10,742 10,814 10,744 10,667

Participation rate............................... 58.8 58.3 57.8 58.6 58.0 58.4 58.7 58.2 57.6

Employed....................................... 9,936 10,099 10,134 9,849 10,022 10,167 10,218 10,041 10,058

Employment-population ratio............... 55.2 54.7 54.8 54.8 54.6 55.3 55.5 54.4 54.3

Unemployed.................................... 639 670 562 684 627 576 596 703 609

Unemployment rate......................... 6.0 6.2 5.3 6.5 5.9 5.4 5.5 6.5 5.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,099 1,105 1,223 1,129 1,212 1,194 1,168 1,166 1,244

Participation rate............................... 29.7 29.4 32.5 30.5 32.5 31.9 31.1 31.0 33.0

Employed....................................... 910 952 1,014 915 994 1,008 986 969 1,017

Employment-population ratio............... 24.6 25.3 26.9 24.7 26.6 26.9 26.3 25.8 27.0

Unemployed.................................... 190 153 209 214 218 186 182 196 227

Unemployment rate......................... 17.3 13.8 17.1 18.9 18.0 15.6 15.6 16.8 18.3

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 11,481 11,036 10,786 11,100 11,037 10,648 10,777 10,777 10,464

Participation rate.................................. 45.9 47.2 45.9 44.4 46.0 46.2 46.2 46.1 44.5

Employed.......................................... 10,561 10,206 10,064 10,156 10,221 9,871 9,978 9,966 9,720

Employment-population ratio................. 42.2 43.7 42.8 40.6 42.6 42.8 42.8 42.7 41.3

Unemployed....................................... 919 830 722 944 816 777 799 812 744

Unemployment rate............................ 8.0 7.5 6.7 8.5 7.4 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.1

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,442 35,635 35,688 35,380 35,347 35,626 35,615 35,501 35,536

Participation rate.................................. 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.3 57.8 57.5 57.4 57.2 57.1

Employed.......................................... 33,515 33,785 33,993 33,347 33,475 33,747 33,688 33,567 33,728

Employment-population ratio................. 54.3 54.4 54.7 54.0 54.7 54.5 54.3 54.1 54.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,927 1,850 1,695 2,033 1,872 1,878 1,927 1,934 1,808

Unemployment rate............................ 5.4 5.2 4.8 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.1

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,403 37,841 37,776 37,479 38,098 38,106 37,958 37,757 37,829

Participation rate.................................. 67.0 66.1 66.1 67.2 66.5 66.7 66.3 65.9 66.2

Employed.......................................... 35,841 36,350 36,416 35,827 36,493 36,496 36,396 36,204 36,364

Employment-population ratio................. 64.2 63.5 63.7 64.2 63.7 63.9 63.6 63.2 63.7

Unemployed....................................... 1,562 1,491 1,361 1,651 1,605 1,610 1,562 1,553 1,465

Unemployment rate............................ 4.2 3.9 3.6 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 52,052 53,428 53,448 51,989 52,674 53,112 53,447 53,316 53,398

Participation rate.................................. 75.2 74.4 74.4 75.1 73.8 73.8 74.5 74.3 74.3

Employed.......................................... 50,722 52,223 52,247 50,567 51,358 51,805 52,051 52,025 52,113

Employment-population ratio................. 73.3 72.8 72.7 73.0 71.9 72.0 72.6 72.5 72.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,329 1,205 1,201 1,422 1,316 1,307 1,396 1,291 1,285

Unemployment rate............................ 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.4

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

May

2015

May

2016

May

2015

May

2016

May

2015

May

2016

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,251 20,937 19,255 18,924 1,996 2,013

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,767 10,561 9,514 9,327 1,253 1,234

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.7 50.4 49.4 49.3 62.8 61.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,227 10,198 9,054 9,016 1,173 1,183

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 48.7 47.0 47.6 58.8 58.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 363 460 312 81 51

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 3.4 4.8 3.3 6.4 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,484 10,376 9,741 9,597 743 779

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,610 3,905 2,988 3,195 621 711

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,946 3,133 2,512 2,634 434 500

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.6 80.2 84.1 82.4 69.9 70.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,787 3,008 2,380 2,529 406 480

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 77.0 79.6 79.1 65.4 67.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 125 132 105 28 20

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.0 5.3 4.0 6.3 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663 772 476 561 187 211

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,399 3,320 2,860 2,836 540 483

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,725 2,665 2,325 2,279 400 386

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.2 80.3 81.3 80.4 74.0 79.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,586 2,600 2,227 2,224 359 376

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 78.3 77.9 78.4 66.5 77.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 65 98 55 41 10

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 2.4 4.2 2.4 10.1 2.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675 655 534 557 140 98

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,954 8,540 8,636 8,234 318 306

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,374 2,150 2,270 2,084 104 67

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 25.2 26.3 25.3 32.8 21.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,257 2,085 2,160 2,025 97 59

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 24.4 25.0 24.6 30.4 19.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 66 110 59 8 7

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 3.1 4.8 2.8 7.5 –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,580 6,390 6,366 6,150 214 239

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,288 5,172 4,771 4,659 517 513

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,722 2,613 2,407 2,331 315 281

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.5 50.5 50.4 50.0 61.0 54.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,598 2,505 2,287 2,237 311 268

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.1 48.4 47.9 48.0 60.1 52.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 107 119 94 5 14

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.1 5.0 4.0 1.5 4.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,566 2,559 2,364 2,328 202 232

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220,356 223,294 97,162 98,902 123,194 124,392

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,962 146,177 73,468 74,202 71,494 71,976

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 65.5 75.6 75.0 58.0 57.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,529 139,732 69,617 70,856 67,913 68,876

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 62.6 71.7 71.6 55.1 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,432 6,445 3,851 3,345 3,581 3,100

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.4 5.2 4.5 5.0 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,394 77,117 23,693 24,701 51,701 52,416

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

May

2015

May

2016

May

2015

May

2016

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 29,922 30,209 220,533 222,965

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,933 6,186 151,787 152,614

Participation rate..................................................................... 19.8 20.5 68.8 68.4

Employed............................................................................. 5,333 5,583 144,016 146,010

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 17.8 18.5 65.3 65.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 600 603 7,771 6,604

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.1 9.7 5.1 4.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,989 24,023 68,746 70,351

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,649 2,804 76,446 76,583

Participation rate..................................................................... 34.1 35.6 82.6 82.3

Employed............................................................................. 2,335 2,517 72,387 73,169

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 30.1 32.0 78.2 78.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 314 287 4,059 3,414

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.9 10.2 5.3 4.5

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,121 5,073 16,098 16,504

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,313 2,233 67,456 67,910

Participation rate..................................................................... 28.5 27.7 70.5 70.5

Employed............................................................................. 2,071 1,989 64,011 64,927

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 25.6 24.7 66.9 67.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 242 245 3,445 2,983

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.5 11.0 5.1 4.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,792 5,830 28,252 28,427

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 970 1,149 7,885 8,122

Participation rate..................................................................... 6.9 8.0 24.4 24.2

Employed............................................................................. 927 1,078 7,618 7,915

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.6 7.6 23.6 23.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 43 71 267 207

Unemployment rate............................................................... 4.5 6.2 3.4 2.5

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,077 13,120 24,396 25,421

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

May

2015

May

2016

May

2015

May

2016

May

2015

May

2016

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 40,380 40,693 19,629 19,810 20,751 20,882

Civilian labor force.................................................. 26,331 26,243 15,388 15,269 10,943 10,973

Participation rate.................................................. 65.2 64.5 78.4 77.1 52.7 52.5

Employed.......................................................... 25,098 25,274 14,740 14,781 10,358 10,493

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.2 62.1 75.1 74.6 49.9 50.3

Unemployed....................................................... 1,233 969 648 489 585 480

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.7 3.7 4.2 3.2 5.3 4.4

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,049 14,450 4,241 4,541 9,807 9,909

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 210,075 212,482 101,297 102,506 108,778 109,976

Civilian labor force.................................................. 131,388 132,557 68,632 69,255 62,756 63,303

Participation rate.................................................. 62.5 62.4 67.8 67.6 57.7 57.6

Employed.......................................................... 124,251 126,319 64,734 65,892 59,517 60,427

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.1 59.4 63.9 64.3 54.7 54.9

Unemployed....................................................... 7,137 6,238 3,899 3,362 3,239 2,875

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.4 4.7 5.7 4.9 5.2 4.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 78,687 79,925 32,665 33,251 46,022 46,674

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,431 2,478 2,620 2,395 2,385 2,456 2,623 2,592 2,585

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,536 1,592 1,695 1,532 1,538 1,571 1,643 1,706 1,689

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 866 869 899 835 827 878 938 856 862

Unpaid family workers........................... 30 17 26 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 146,918 148,597 148,974 146,336 148,115 148,620 148,704 148,377 148,429

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 137,648 139,607 139,978 137,201 139,371 139,815 139,703 139,411 139,574

Government..................................... 20,902 20,615 20,889 20,609 20,715 20,775 20,548 20,323 20,599

Private industries............................... 116,746 118,992 119,089 116,616 118,690 119,024 119,223 119,136 119,011

Private households.......................... 770 747 732 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 115,976 118,245 118,357 115,859 118,025 118,332 118,584 118,390 118,282

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 9,207 8,941 8,914 9,133 8,699 8,735 8,869 8,872 8,816

Unpaid family workers........................... 63 50 82 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,363 5,771 6,238 6,600 5,988 5,988 6,123 5,962 6,430

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,673 3,603 3,721 3,883 3,544 3,579 3,631 3,709 3,890

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,434 1,994 2,162 2,371 2,134 2,104 2,154 2,009 2,086

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,192 21,460 20,888 19,950 20,311 20,615 20,428 20,469 20,606

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,272 5,690 6,188 6,491 5,851 5,897 6,032 5,874 6,372

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,624 3,546 3,685 3,819 3,467 3,519 3,575 3,651 3,828

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,416 1,984 2,156 2,353 2,116 2,099 2,138 1,995 2,076

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,824 21,089 20,492 19,582 19,973 20,238 20,084 20,114 20,224

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,349 151,075 151,594 148,748 150,544 151,074 151,320 151,004 151,030

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,718 4,701 4,857 4,766 4,901 4,990 4,931 4,934 4,904

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,593 1,540 1,663 1,670 1,669 1,731 1,688 1,692 1,732

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,126 3,161 3,194 3,117 3,222 3,279 3,252 3,239 3,193

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,630 146,374 146,737 143,981 145,644 146,085 146,389 146,070 146,126

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,990 13,810 14,018 14,061 14,056 14,109 14,171 14,016 14,090

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,640 132,564 132,719 129,886 131,597 131,922 132,116 131,998 131,965

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,939 97,932 98,203 96,517 97,583 97,736 97,932 97,648 97,765

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,935 33,458 33,707 32,775 33,320 33,370 33,493 33,390 33,518

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,224 31,533 31,693 31,118 31,511 31,548 31,555 31,445 31,578

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,780 32,941 32,803 32,624 32,752 32,818 32,883 32,813 32,669

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,701 34,632 34,516 33,369 34,014 34,186 34,184 34,350 34,200

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,474 80,302 80,673 79,168 80,104 80,491 80,543 80,419 80,369

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,337 2,275 2,432 2,361 2,400 2,501 2,447 2,420 2,452

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803 709 801 837 813 830 770 789 826

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,534 1,566 1,631 1,531 1,587 1,681 1,674 1,621 1,630

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,137 78,028 78,241 76,807 77,704 77,991 78,096 77,999 77,917

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,232 7,168 7,205 7,246 7,191 7,293 7,284 7,274 7,221

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,905 70,860 71,036 69,528 70,500 70,637 70,750 70,710 70,647

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,950 52,414 52,657 51,726 52,436 52,513 52,580 52,388 52,431

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,820 18,056 18,224 17,747 18,069 18,056 18,199 18,060 18,136

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,840 17,024 17,127 16,776 17,010 17,075 17,018 17,017 17,059

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,290 17,334 17,306 17,202 17,357 17,382 17,363 17,312 17,236

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,955 18,446 18,379 17,802 18,064 18,125 18,170 18,321 18,216

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,875 70,773 70,921 69,580 70,440 70,583 70,777 70,586 70,661

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,382 2,427 2,424 2,405 2,501 2,489 2,485 2,514 2,452

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790 831 862 833 856 901 918 903 906

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,592 1,596 1,563 1,587 1,635 1,598 1,578 1,618 1,563

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,493 68,346 68,496 67,175 67,940 68,094 68,293 68,072 68,209

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,758 6,642 6,813 6,815 6,865 6,817 6,887 6,742 6,868

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,735 61,704 61,683 60,358 61,096 61,285 61,366 61,288 61,318

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,990 45,518 45,546 44,791 45,147 45,224 45,351 45,259 45,334

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,115 15,402 15,483 15,028 15,250 15,315 15,294 15,330 15,382

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,385 14,509 14,566 14,342 14,501 14,474 14,537 14,427 14,519

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,490 15,607 15,498 15,421 15,395 15,435 15,520 15,502 15,433

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,746 16,186 16,137 15,567 15,950 16,061 16,015 16,028 15,984

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,077 45,277 45,215 44,791 45,231 45,175 45,266 45,207 45,023

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,035 35,333 35,279 34,893 34,997 35,100 35,387 35,227 35,158

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,787 9,678 9,831 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,863 122,742 123,548 121,415 123,141 123,206 123,447 123,194 123,135

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,486 28,333 28,046 27,452 27,364 27,853 27,818 27,797 27,936

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,081 7,383 7,472 6,986 7,504 7,339 7,466 7,411 7,412

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,457 5,518 5,476 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,073 9,809 9,813 9,968 9,526 9,613 9,807 9,728 9,678

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 8,619 7,920 7,436 5.5 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 1,033 941 937 17.8 16.0 15.6 15.9 16.0 16.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 398 415 394 19.3 17.9 18.8 19.2 19.7 18.5

18 to 19 years.................................. 628 504 536 16.8 14.9 13.8 14.0 13.5 14.4

20 years and over................................ 7,586 6,979 6,500 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,577 1,357 1,269 10.1 8.2 8.6 8.4 8.8 8.3

25 years and over.............................. 6,028 5,618 5,261 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.8

25 to 54 years............................... 4,748 4,319 4,074 4.7 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.0

25 to 34 years............................. 2,007 1,822 1,777 5.8 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.0

35 to 44 years............................. 1,418 1,298 1,137 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.5

45 to 54 years............................. 1,323 1,199 1,160 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4

55 years and over........................... 1,287 1,298 1,189 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.4

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,652 4,222 3,963 5.5 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 604 473 473 20.4 17.4 16.8 17.0 16.4 16.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 237 204 197 22.1 19.8 21.4 22.8 20.6 19.3

18 to 19 years.................................. 361 247 271 19.1 16.1 14.5 14.3 13.2 14.3

20 years and over................................ 4,048 3,749 3,490 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 899 762 699 11.0 9.0 9.3 9.1 9.5 8.8

25 years and over.............................. 3,184 2,985 2,823 4.4 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.8

25 to 54 years............................... 2,467 2,269 2,135 4.6 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 3.9

25 to 34 years............................. 1,067 1,023 975 5.7 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.4 5.1

35 to 44 years............................. 741 636 593 4.2 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4

45 to 54 years............................. 659 610 567 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.2

55 years and over........................... 717 716 687 3.9 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.6

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,967 3,698 3,473 5.4 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 430 468 464 15.2 14.5 14.3 14.6 15.7 15.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 161 211 196 16.2 16.1 16.3 16.0 18.9 17.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 267 257 265 14.4 13.8 13.1 13.6 13.7 14.5

20 years and over................................ 3,538 3,230 3,009 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 678 595 570 9.0 7.3 7.9 7.6 8.1 7.7

25 years and over.............................. 2,843 2,633 2,438 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.1 3.8

25 to 54 years............................... 2,281 2,050 1,939 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.1

25 to 34 years............................. 940 799 802 5.9 5.2 5.1 5.4 5.0 5.0

35 to 44 years............................. 677 663 544 4.5 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.4 3.6

45 to 54 years............................. 664 588 593 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.7

55 years and over........................... 590 590 527 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.2

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present...................... 1,326 1,258 1,209 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.6

Married women, spouse present.................. 1,177 1,135 1,043 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.9

Women who maintain families1

.................... 717 695 694 6.8 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.6

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2................................... 7,175 6,585 6,103 5.6 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.7

Part-time workers3.................................. 1,416 1,313 1,331 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.5

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,962 3,716 3,322 4,263 3,664 3,749 3,835 3,855 3,573

On temporary layoff.............................. 818 748 645 1,041 923 960 921 841 829

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 3,144 2,968 2,677 3,222 2,741 2,790 2,914 3,014 2,744

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,175 2,065 1,955 2,211 1,876 1,969 2,068 2,058 1,982

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 969 903 722 1,011 865 821 845 957 762

Job leavers........................................... 771 810 744 823 766 760 833 851 796

Reentrants............................................ 2,719 2,163 2,305 2,584 2,468 2,467 2,495 2,357 2,209

New entrants......................................... 918 724 835 963 827 833 778 839 865

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 47.3 50.1 46.1 49.4 47.4 48.0 48.3 48.8 48.0

On temporary layoff.............................. 9.8 10.1 9.0 12.1 11.9 12.3 11.6 10.6 11.1

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 37.6 40.0 37.1 37.3 35.5 35.7 36.7 38.2 36.9

Job leavers........................................... 9.2 10.9 10.3 9.5 9.9 9.7 10.5 10.8 10.7

Reentrants............................................ 32.5 29.2 32.0 29.9 31.9 31.6 31.4 29.8 29.7

New entrants......................................... 11.0 9.8 11.6 11.2 10.7 10.7 9.8 10.6 11.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4

New entrants......................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,473 2,164 2,243 2,397 2,249 2,297 2,412 2,545 2,207

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,046 1,749 1,850 2,507 2,282 2,236 2,205 2,131 2,239

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,851 3,499 3,113 3,778 3,224 3,297 3,391 3,367 3,058

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,346 1,390 1,219 1,286 1,135 1,132 1,178 1,304 1,173

27 weeks and over............................... 2,505 2,109 1,894 2,491 2,089 2,165 2,213 2,063 1,885

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 31.9 29.8 27.8 30.5 28.9 29.0 28.4 27.7 26.7

Median duration, in weeks......................... 12.6 13.2 11.4 11.6 10.9 11.2 11.4 11.4 10.7

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 29.5 29.2 31.1 27.6 29.0 29.3 30.1 31.6 29.4

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 24.4 23.6 25.7 28.9 29.4 28.6 27.5 26.5 29.8

15 weeks and over.................................. 46.0 47.2 43.2 43.5 41.6 42.1 42.4 41.9 40.8

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 16.1 18.8 16.9 14.8 14.6 14.5 14.7 16.2 15.6

27 weeks and over............................... 29.9 28.5 26.3 28.7 26.9 27.7 27.6 25.7 25.1

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

May

2015

May

2016

May

2015

May

2016

May

2015

May

2016

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 149,349 151,594 8,370 7,207 5.3 4.5

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 58,155 59,613 1,460 1,305 2.4 2.1

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 23,891 24,907 709 606 2.9 2.4

Professional and related occupations.......................... 34,264 34,706 751 699 2.1 2.0

Service occupations................................................ 26,296 26,931 1,853 1,533 6.6 5.4

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,838 33,235 1,909 1,541 5.3 4.4

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,962 15,721 987 850 5.8 5.1

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,876 17,515 923 690 4.9 3.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,754 13,941 977 827 6.6 5.6

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,086 1,227 112 113 9.3 8.4

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,821 7,964 632 519 7.5 6.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,847 4,750 233 196 4.6 4.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,306 17,873 1,212 1,154 6.5 6.1

Production occupations.......................................... 8,481 8,725 549 569 6.1 6.1

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 8,825 9,148 664 584 7.0 6.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

May

2015

May

2016

May

2015

May

2016

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 8,370 7,207 5.3 4.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 6,379 5,473 5.2 4.4

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 72 96 7.2 11.1

Construction.......................................................................... 569 461 6.7 5.2

Manufacturing........................................................................ 702 738 4.6 4.7

Durable goods..................................................................... 405 466 4.1 4.7

Nondurable goods................................................................ 297 272 5.4 4.8

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,237 981 6.0 5.0

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 261 254 4.2 3.9

Information............................................................................ 90 134 3.3 5.2

Financial activities................................................................... 214 178 2.3 1.8

Professional and business services............................................... 963 713 6.1 4.3

Education and health services..................................................... 806 679 3.5 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,117 933 7.9 6.6

Other services........................................................................ 348 305 5.3 4.6

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 151 116 9.2 6.5

Government workers................................................................... 491 452 2.3 2.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 431 330 4.1 3.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2015

Apr.

2016

May

2016

May

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

May

2016

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 5.3 4.7 4.5 5.5 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 5.6 5.0 4.9 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.0

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 6.4 5.7 5.6 6.6 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.7

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 10.4 9.3 9.4 10.7 9.9 9.7 9.8 9.7 9.7

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

May

2015

May

2016

May

2015

May

2016

May

2015

May

2016

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 92,736 94,374 36,907 37,792 55,829 56,582

Persons who currently want a job................................ 6,536 6,449 2,969 3,061 3,567 3,388

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,862 1,713 918 896 945 817

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 563 538 327 339 236 199

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,300 1,175 591 557 709 617

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,081 7,472 3,441 3,677 3,641 3,796

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.7 4.9 4.3 4.6 5.2 5.4

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,796 4,052 1,993 2,237 1,803 1,815

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,870 2,140 640 725 1,229 1,415

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 284 256 183 176 102 80

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,093 970 598 507 496 462

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

Change

from:

Apr.2016 -

May2016p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,233 142,895 143,941 144,592 141,496 143,733 143,856 143,894 38

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,879 120,413 121,440 122,137 119,508 121,650 121,780 121,805 25

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,611 19,288 19,494 19,644 19,574 19,675 19,661 19,625 -36

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821 703 692 687 824 717 706 695 -11

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.9 49.1 46.6 47.8 52.2 51.2 49.9 49.3 -0.6

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769.7 653.7 645.1 638.8 771.5 666.0 655.9 645.7 -10.2

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.5 176.2 172.7 172.7 193.2 177.9 175.6 173.9 -1.7

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.5 181.1 183.6 184.6 200.5 186.6 184.5 182.1 -2.4

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.4 56.3 55.3 53.5 66.4 56.6 55.5 53.9 -1.6

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.5 38.2 37.7 38.4 42.4 38.6 38.0 38.3 0.3

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.6 86.6 90.6 92.7 91.6 91.5 90.9 89.9 -1.0

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.7 296.4 288.8 281.5 377.8 301.5 295.8 289.7 -6.1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,482 6,355 6,560 6,695 6,426 6,665 6,660 6,645 -15

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,410.8 1,415.6 1,440.9 1,460.8 1,413.3 1,465.3 1,470.2 1,463.9 -6.3

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689.9 689.5 708.9 724.0 690.4 719.6 725.3 724.1 -1.2

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720.9 726.1 732.0 736.8 722.9 745.7 744.9 739.8 -5.1

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 954.1 871.5 935.4 960.7 930.7 950.6 945.9 937.7 -8.2

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,117.0 4,068.1 4,183.2 4,273.7 4,081.9 4,249.0 4,243.6 4,243.4 -0.2

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,788.6 1,785.8 1,839.0 1,881.1 1,765.5 1,873.6 1,862.7 1,859.5 -3.2

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,328.4 2,282.3 2,344.2 2,392.6 2,316.4 2,375.4 2,380.9 2,383.9 3.0

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,308 12,230 12,242 12,262 12,324 12,293 12,295 12,285 -10

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,769 7,680 7,689 7,684 7,767 7,703 7,705 7,687 -18

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378.3 376.9 380.2 383.9 376.6 382.4 382.3 383.0 0.7

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400.8 391.9 398.7 404.7 396.4 401.3 399.8 400.4 0.6

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.8 377.5 375.4 375.8 395.0 377.6 377.3 376.7 -0.6

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,465.3 1,428.1 1,429.6 1,427.8 1,466.6 1,433.5 1,432.9 1,430.0 -2.9

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,125.6 1,090.5 1,086.1 1,077.6 1,127.3 1,090.3 1,086.6 1,079.3 -7.3

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,051.7 1,040.8 1,040.3 1,040.7 1,053.1 1,042.9 1,043.1 1,042.3 -0.8

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 160.4 162.8 162.7 162.8 160.8 163.3 163.4 162.8 -0.6

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.7 84.9 84.8 84.1 88.7 85.0 84.7 84.1 -0.6

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.1 362.5 362.4 365.0 369.1 363.7 364.4 366.3 1.9

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398.7 395.6 395.4 393.5 398.6 395.7 395.5 393.8 -1.7

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.8 35.0 35.0 35.3 35.8 35.2 35.1 35.3 0.2

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 383.5 383.6 383.5 381.9 384.1 384.5 384.7 382.7 -2.0

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,598.7 1,608.4 1,610.6 1,608.7 1,598.5 1,604.4 1,612.5 1,609.3 -3.2

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910.2 926.0 929.0 929.3 908.9 923.2 929.8 929.3 -0.5

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378.2 388.0 387.3 384.4 377.7 388.7 387.4 384.0 -3.4

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.0 594.4 596.8 598.7 591.7 597.8 598.5 599.1 0.6

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,539 4,550 4,553 4,578 4,557 4,590 4,590 4,598 8

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,484.0 1,495.2 1,494.9 1,503.3 1,503.2 1,518.6 1,519.3 1,522.5 3.2

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.3 114.3 114.3 113.7 117.6 114.2 113.8 113.1 -0.7

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.3 116.5 115.9 117.3 116.7 117.5 117.2 117.6 0.4

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.8 133.7 133.0 132.4 136.3 133.8 133.7 133.0 -0.7

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.2 370.4 371.1 372.2 372.4 372.5 371.9 372.6 0.7

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 449.3 444.4 443.9 445.6 448.8 445.4 445.3 445.5 0.2

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.0 112.7 114.2 116.6 113.0 115.7 115.4 115.7 0.3

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807.8 817.6 815.3 817.4 809.2 818.2 817.5 818.5 1.0

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687.9 690.1 690.3 695.6 686.1 691.4 690.3 693.7 3.4

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253.1 255.5 259.7 264.1 254.0 262.9 265.4 265.3 -0.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,268 101,125 101,946 102,493 99,934 101,975 102,119 102,180 61

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,791 26,965 27,055 27,207 26,861 27,280 27,286 27,286 0

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,881.2 5,895.0 5,910.6 5,923.1 5,867.9 5,919.7 5,921.5 5,911.2 -10.3

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,936.1 2,940.3 2,944.3 2,942.8 2,932.2 2,947.3 2,950.0 2,939.1 -10.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,040.3 2,043.7 2,055.8 2,064.5 2,031.5 2,057.7 2,058.0 2,057.2 -0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

Change

from:

Apr.2016 -

May2016p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904.8 911.0 910.5 915.8 904.2 914.7 913.5 914.9 1.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,543.0 15,688.7 15,753.5 15,862.3 15,604.7 15,921.7 15,916.6 15,928.0 11.4

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,931.8 1,978.9 1,987.2 1,999.0 1,924.1 1,990.1 1,990.7 1,992.3 1.6

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,234.8 1,277.6 1,279.9 1,284.5 1,233.9 1,282.3 1,283.3 1,284.1 0.8

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.2 146.3 150.4 155.1 144.5 150.2 149.7 149.7 0.0

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 546.8 555.0 556.9 559.4 545.8 557.6 557.7 558.4 0.7

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 463.7 472.2 471.1 475.8 470.6 478.9 479.1 482.1 3.0

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 507.8 522.9 519.1 516.1 523.3 530.9 531.9 531.8 -0.1

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,309.0 1,278.0 1,328.4 1,352.8 1,236.4 1,281.8 1,278.2 1,277.2 -1.0

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,060.4 3,061.6 3,069.8 3,090.2 3,065.0 3,095.1 3,093.8 3,094.6 0.8

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,026.7 1,035.7 1,038.6 1,044.7 1,032.0 1,042.3 1,045.5 1,048.5 3.0

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905.0 908.8 916.4 922.9 900.0 920.9 921.3 919.9 -1.4

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,315.6 1,333.8 1,329.0 1,331.8 1,361.7 1,387.7 1,383.8 1,379.7 -4.1

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607.2 616.7 610.4 615.0 625.8 633.9 630.1 633.3 3.2

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,085.5 3,147.9 3,137.5 3,154.8 3,127.9 3,192.1 3,191.3 3,199.5 8.2

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,295.3 1,289.2 1,286.0 1,286.2 1,329.6 1,322.5 1,322.0 1,319.9 -2.1

Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . 1,790.2 1,858.7 1,851.5 1,868.6 1,798.3 1,869.6 1,869.3 1,879.6 10.3

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830.5 811.5 825.5 841.7 825.5 836.7 838.6 837.4 -1.2

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499.8 520.7 520.5 517.5 512.4 531.3 532.3 531.7 -0.6

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,809.3 4,818.0 4,829.1 4,858.3 4,831.1 4,874.0 4,884.1 4,883.6 -0.5

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454.9 462.5 466.2 469.4 454.1 464.8 467.2 468.4 1.2

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.9 218.8 218.0 217.3 246.3 219.8 217.6 216.9 -0.7

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 60.2 61.5 63.2 65.5 61.9 62.4 62.7 0.3

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,452.7 1,434.2 1,444.2 1,457.1 1,455.8 1,462.4 1,462.8 1,460.4 -2.4

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.8 490.6 491.9 495.4 477.2 477.2 478.5 479.1 0.6

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 48.6 48.9 48.6 49.6 48.8 48.9 48.8 -0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 34.4 22.4 26.2 31.2 32.0 28.9 29.5 28.8 -0.7

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 648.2 649.4 649.8 646.5 648.3 652.5 650.1 647.4 -2.7

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569.7 593.9 579.9 584.7 598.2 611.1 613.8 614.8 1.0

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794.3 837.4 842.5 844.9 804.1 846.6 853.3 856.3 3.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557.7 562.9 562.0 563.0 557.1 564.4 564.2 562.9 -1.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,748 2,778 2,788 2,754 2,747 2,782 2,785 2,751 -34

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 721.3 722.7 723.4 724.0 725.4 725.5 725.8 727.6 1.8

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.3 421.3 428.2 431.3 394.4 419.3 421.3 421.3 0.0

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278.7 280.8 279.6 277.6 279.7 280.6 279.5 278.6 -0.9

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812.1 800.3 802.2 765.5 814.3 801.2 803.7 766.5 -37.2

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296.7 297.3 300.5 299.4 295.5 298.2 298.3 298.4 0.1

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236.3 255.7 254.5 256.3 238.0 256.7 256.4 258.1 1.7

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,084 8,185 8,209 8,243 8,098 8,229 8,247 8,255 8

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,005.5 6,105.8 6,109.8 6,120.2 6,021.1 6,117.3 6,131.5 6,134.4 2.9

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 17.6 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.7 17.9 18.0 17.9 -0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,563.7 2,584.2 2,588.0 2,591.1 2,570.5 2,590.1 2,597.7 2,595.4 -2.3

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,681.7 1,682.6 1,682.4 1,683.1 1,684.1 1,684.3 1,685.3 1,684.5 -0.8

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,276.4 1,267.5 1,266.6 1,265.4 1,278.0 1,267.5 1,267.5 1,265.4 -2.1

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 588.9 601.8 602.6 603.2 591.9 604.4 608.4 605.7 -2.7

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 293.1 299.8 303.0 304.8 294.4 301.4 304.0 305.1 1.1

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 897.7 918.3 920.6 923.0 901.0 921.5 924.7 926.7 2.0

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,526.5 2,585.5 2,583.4 2,588.3 2,531.9 2,587.8 2,591.1 2,594.4 3.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,078.6 2,078.7 2,098.7 2,122.9 2,076.4 2,111.3 2,115.1 2,120.6 5.5

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,509.4 1,527.9 1,535.7 1,548.4 1,509.7 1,545.9 1,544.7 1,548.8 4.1

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545.4 527.6 539.8 551.1 543.0 541.9 546.9 548.5 1.6

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.8 23.2 23.2 23.4 23.7 23.5 23.5 23.3 -0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

Change

from:

Apr.2016 -

May2016p

Private service-providing - Continued

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,607 19,829 20,091 20,128 19,585 20,045 20,100 20,110 10

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,528.8 8,867.0 8,915.1 8,814.5 8,583.9 8,818.6 8,843.9 8,869.7 25.8

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,116.5 1,120.1 1,118.9 1,120.3 1,119.7 1,124.0 1,123.4 1,123.5 0.1

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 922.2 1,126.0 1,109.4 969.9 970.1 1,011.4 1,013.3 1,018.7 5.4

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,408.9 1,414.4 1,422.6 1,434.7 1,407.3 1,433.4 1,431.9 1,434.0 2.1

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.6 137.4 139.9 142.3 132.8 139.0 140.3 141.6 1.3

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,897.2 1,952.8 1,977.6 1,983.8 1,899.0 1,969.7 1,978.3 1,985.7 7.4

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,264.8 1,299.3 1,315.3 1,327.0 1,268.0 1,312.0 1,322.1 1,329.3 7.2

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654.3 660.9 664.2 669.4 652.7 663.7 665.4 667.8 2.4

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 479.2 488.7 492.9 495.0 480.9 491.7 494.9 496.4 1.5

Other professional and technical services. . . 652.1 667.4 674.3 672.1 653.4 673.8 674.2 672.7 -1.5

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,205.0 2,252.2 2,253.3 2,257.8 2,206.3 2,258.9 2,263.3 2,260.0 -3.3

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,873.3 8,710.2 8,922.3 9,055.3 8,795.2 8,967.5 8,992.4 8,980.6 -11.8

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,475.6 8,313.5 8,519.1 8,648.7 8,398.3 8,562.8 8,585.3 8,575.0 -10.3

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 470.1 483.9 486.1 489.5 469.5 485.9 486.6 488.7 2.1

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.9 146.6 145.4 144.7 141.0 146.0 144.7 144.0 -0.7

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,525.6 3,461.5 3,519.6 3,557.3 3,518.0 3,571.9 3,575.0 3,556.0 -19.0

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,871.8 2,802.6 2,849.9 2,882.7 2,863.2 2,896.3 2,901.3 2,880.3 -21.0

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886.4 903.0 904.1 901.4 895.0 904.6 907.5 908.8 1.3

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.2 202.0 204.0 205.5 201.7 203.3 203.9 204.0 0.1

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 865.3 881.2 886.3 893.4 868.2 887.8 893.7 895.4 1.7

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,077.1 1,917.5 2,051.0 2,138.7 2,000.6 2,045.5 2,052.4 2,061.1 8.7

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306.0 317.8 322.6 318.2 304.4 317.9 321.5 316.9 -4.6

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397.7 396.7 403.2 406.6 396.9 404.7 407.1 405.6 -1.5

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,038 22,673 22,751 22,719 21,962 22,527 22,573 22,640 67

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,494.2 3,676.0 3,708.6 3,590.5 3,450.3 3,514.4 3,528.7 3,540.4 11.7

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,544.1 18,997.0 19,042.8 19,128.6 18,512.0 19,012.8 19,044.6 19,100.0 55.4

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,004.5 15,384.1 15,426.5 15,489.7 15,015.0 15,420.4 15,456.3 15,502.0 45.7

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 6,841.9 7,041.1 7,066.5 7,101.3 6,842.2 7,061.0 7,075.9 7,099.4 23.5

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,520.1 2,585.7 2,585.8 2,597.6 2,522.8 2,589.4 2,590.6 2,599.6 9.0

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904.6 924.5 930.4 935.2 905.8 930.4 933.4 935.9 2.5

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 811.9 839.6 847.3 856.0 810.8 842.5 847.3 852.7 5.4

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745.2 765.7 771.1 773.7 744.6 767.2 770.8 772.8 2.0

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 257.7 259.0 258.8 258.3 257.6 258.8 258.8 258.6 -0.2

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,314.5 1,374.1 1,381.2 1,389.8 1,313.2 1,379.6 1,382.5 1,388.1 5.6

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287.9 292.5 291.9 290.7 287.5 292.9 292.5 291.7 -0.8

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,877.5 5,036.0 5,051.1 5,067.3 4,885.6 5,041.8 5,061.2 5,077.7 16.5

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,285.1 3,307.0 3,308.9 3,321.1 3,287.2 3,317.6 3,319.2 3,324.9 5.7

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,646.2 1,645.9 1,648.2 1,655.9 1,648.1 1,652.1 1,653.4 1,658.1 4.7

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 605.0 612.5 611.6 613.4 606.0 613.9 613.8 614.5 0.7

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872.0 886.7 886.9 889.3 870.8 888.7 889.3 889.4 0.1

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 161.9 161.9 162.2 162.5 162.3 162.9 162.7 162.9 0.2

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,539.6 3,612.9 3,616.3 3,638.9 3,497.0 3,592.4 3,588.3 3,598.0 9.7

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,149.2 2,204.1 2,204.4 2,220.4 2,130.1 2,200.1 2,196.2 2,203.9 7.7

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 154.4 158.1 156.3 157.3 154.2 158.3 156.6 157.2 0.6

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 337.3 333.0 336.0 337.0 337.9 336.7 338.2 336.8 -1.4

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898.7 917.7 919.6 924.2 874.8 897.2 897.3 900.1 2.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,348 15,041 15,367 15,728 15,059 15,431 15,442 15,453 11

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,262.6 2,066.7 2,179.0 2,308.0 2,166.7 2,222.9 2,227.7 2,217.3 -10.4

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 485.4 454.4 490.6 493.5 457.5 471.7 477.4 467.2 -10.2

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.9 145.8 152.9 164.0 152.2 154.0 155.1 158.5 3.4

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,620.3 1,466.5 1,535.5 1,650.5 1,557.0 1,597.2 1,595.2 1,591.6 -3.6

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,085.4 12,973.8 13,187.6 13,420.0 12,892.5 13,207.7 13,214.6 13,235.3 20.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

Change

from:

Apr.2016 -

May2016p

Accommodation and food services -

Continued

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,922.6 1,861.5 1,877.3 1,921.8 1,917.1 1,923.5 1,921.2 1,919.7 -1.5

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,162.8 11,112.3 11,310.3 11,498.2 10,975.4 11,284.2 11,293.4 11,315.6 22.2

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,652 5,654 5,685 5,714 5,622 5,681 5,686 5,685 -1

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,283.9 1,289.7 1,295.7 1,302.0 1,272.6 1,291.6 1,291.8 1,291.6 -0.2

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,415.6 1,415.1 1,431.4 1,441.8 1,401.5 1,424.3 1,428.3 1,427.7 -0.6

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,952.2 2,948.8 2,957.7 2,970.2 2,947.9 2,964.8 2,966.0 2,965.5 -0.5

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,354 22,482 22,501 22,455 21,988 22,083 22,076 22,089 13

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,750.0 2,758.0 2,768.0 2,781.0 2,752.0 2,771.0 2,767.0 2,779.0 12.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,157.4 2,153.9 2,165.9 2,173.9 2,156.9 2,166.7 2,169.6 2,172.5 2.9

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.2 604.5 602.0 607.1 595.0 604.3 597.2 606.9 9.7

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,121.0 5,269.0 5,275.0 5,124.0 5,096.0 5,111.0 5,110.0 5,103.0 -7.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,438.7 2,601.4 2,602.8 2,448.7 2,421.0 2,437.3 2,436.4 2,435.1 -1.3

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,682.6 2,667.9 2,672.3 2,674.8 2,674.9 2,673.6 2,673.5 2,667.9 -5.6

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,483.0 14,455.0 14,458.0 14,550.0 14,140.0 14,201.0 14,199.0 14,207.0 8.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,170.8 8,173.3 8,146.3 8,159.3 7,825.8 7,818.5 7,810.4 7,815.1 4.7

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,312.2 6,281.5 6,311.5 6,390.8 6,313.7 6,382.7 6,389.0 6,391.6 2.6

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.4 34.4 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.3 40.1 40.3 40.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.6 42.7 43.4 44.2

Construction....................................................................... 39.0 38.7 39.1 39.1

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 40.6 40.7 40.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.1 41.1 41.2 41.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.1 39.8 40.0 40.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.4 33.3 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.6 34.3 34.4 34.3

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.8 38.9 38.8

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.4 31.0 31.1 31.0

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.9 38.9 38.8 38.9

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 42.0 42.4 42.0

Information......................................................................... 36.3 36.0 36.0 36.0

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.6 37.6 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 36.2 36.0 36.1 36.1

Education and health services.................................................. 32.8 32.9 32.8 32.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.3 26.1 26.1 26.1

Other services..................................................................... 31.8 31.8 31.9 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

Total private............................................... $24.97 $25.45 $25.54 $25.59 $861.47 $875.48 $878.58 $880.30

Goods-producing....................................... 26.12 26.66 26.81 26.91 1,052.64 1,069.07 1,080.44 1,084.47

Mining and logging.................................. 31.01 31.79 32.05 32.27 1,352.04 1,357.43 1,390.97 1,426.33

Construction.......................................... 27.34 27.85 27.93 28.04 1,066.26 1,077.80 1,092.06 1,096.36

Manufacturing........................................ 25.16 25.74 25.91 25.99 1,024.01 1,045.04 1,054.54 1,060.39

Durable goods.................................... 26.52 27.05 27.21 27.27 1,089.97 1,111.76 1,121.05 1,123.52

Nondurable goods................................ 22.79 23.47 23.67 23.79 913.88 934.11 946.80 953.98

Private service-providing.............................. 24.70 25.17 25.24 25.29 824.98 838.16 840.49 842.16

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 21.79 22.19 22.23 22.25 753.93 761.12 764.71 763.18

Wholesale trade.................................. 28.72 29.30 29.41 29.48 1,117.21 1,136.84 1,144.05 1,143.82

Retail trade........................................ 17.41 17.80 17.79 17.84 546.67 551.80 553.27 553.04

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.88 23.06 23.09 23.03 890.03 897.03 895.89 895.87

Utilities............................................. 36.94 37.91 38.15 38.01 1,562.56 1,592.22 1,617.56 1,596.42

Information........................................... 34.86 36.07 36.24 36.59 1,265.42 1,298.52 1,304.64 1,317.24

Financial activities................................... 31.52 32.14 32.18 32.18 1,185.15 1,208.46 1,209.97 1,206.75

Professional and business services.............. 30.02 30.56 30.66 30.72 1,086.72 1,100.16 1,106.83 1,108.99

Education and health services..................... 25.22 25.57 25.66 25.71 827.22 841.25 841.65 843.29

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.31 14.70 14.77 14.81 376.35 383.67 385.50 386.54

Other services....................................... 22.43 22.75 22.79 22.84 713.27 723.45 727.00 728.60

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2016 -

May

2016p

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2016 -

May

2016p

Total private..................................... 103.5 105.0 105.1 105.2 0.1 123.5 127.8 128.4 128.6 0.2

Goods-producing............................. 89.9 89.9 90.3 90.1 -0.2 106.1 108.3 109.4 109.6 0.2

Mining and logging........................ 112.9 96.2 96.3 96.5 0.2 140.6 122.8 123.9 125.1 1.0

Construction................................ 86.4 88.9 89.8 89.6 -0.2 102.6 107.6 108.9 109.1 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 90.2 89.8 90.0 90.2 0.2 105.6 107.5 108.5 109.0 0.5

Durable goods........................... 89.9 89.1 89.4 89.2 -0.2 105.9 107.1 108.0 108.0 0.0

Nondurable goods...................... 91.2 91.2 91.6 92.0 0.4 105.5 108.6 110.0 111.1 1.0

Private service-providing.................... 107.4 109.2 109.4 109.5 0.1 128.9 133.6 134.2 134.5 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 101.1 101.8 102.1 101.8 -0.3 118.5 121.5 122.1 121.9 -0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 99.6 100.2 100.5 100.1 -0.4 119.4 122.5 123.4 123.1 -0.2

Retail trade.............................. 99.5 100.3 100.6 100.3 -0.3 114.6 118.0 118.3 118.3 0.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 107.6 108.5 108.5 108.7 0.2 124.9 127.0 127.1 127.1 0.0

Utilities.................................... 102.0 102.6 103.5 102.3 -1.2 124.4 128.5 130.5 128.5 -1.5

Information................................. 91.1 91.5 91.6 90.4 -1.3 113.0 117.5 118.2 117.8 -0.3

Financial activities......................... 99.7 101.3 101.6 101.4 -0.2 122.6 127.0 127.5 127.3 -0.2

Professional and business services..... 111.5 113.5 114.1 114.2 0.1 135.6 140.5 141.8 142.1 0.2

Education and health services........... 117.6 121.0 120.9 121.3 0.3 142.6 148.8 149.2 149.9 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 113.0 114.9 115.0 115.1 0.1 130.5 136.3 137.0 137.5 0.4

Other services............................. 103.1 104.2 104.6 104.6 0.0 126.7 129.9 130.6 130.9 0.2

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

Total nonfarm............................................. 69,803 71,135 71,208 71,293 49.3 49.5 49.5 49.5

Total private............................................ 57,225 58,486 58,564 58,645 47.9 48.1 48.1 48.1

Goods-producing.................................... 4,278 4,294 4,294 4,291 21.9 21.8 21.8 21.9

Mining and logging............................... 114 104 102 102 13.8 14.5 14.4 14.7

Construction....................................... 811 830 831 829 12.6 12.5 12.5 12.5

Manufacturing..................................... 3,353 3,360 3,361 3,360 27.2 27.3 27.3 27.4

Durable goods.................................. 1,804 1,799 1,800 1,799 23.2 23.4 23.4 23.4

Nondurable goods............................. 1,549 1,561 1,561 1,561 34.0 34.0 34.0 33.9

Private service-providing........................... 52,947 54,192 54,270 54,354 53.0 53.1 53.1 53.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,870 11,078 11,088 11,086 40.5 40.6 40.6 40.6

Wholesale trade................................ 1,730.7 1,745.8 1,748.9 1,747.9 29.5 29.5 29.5 29.6

Retail trade..................................... 7,864.5 8,034.1 8,035.9 8,029.7 50.4 50.5 50.5 50.4

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,141.3 1,163.6 1,169.8 1,175.5 23.6 23.9 24.0 24.1

Utilities........................................... 133.7 134.2 133.3 132.7 24.0 23.8 23.6 23.6

Information......................................... 1,099 1,110 1,108 1,100 40.0 39.9 39.8 40.0

Financial activities................................ 4,624 4,701 4,704 4,710 57.1 57.1 57.0 57.1

Professional and business services............ 8,708 8,986 9,017 9,033 44.5 44.8 44.9 44.9

Education and health services.................. 16,898 17,358 17,378 17,440 76.9 77.1 77.0 77.0

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,815 7,989 8,000 8,010 51.9 51.8 51.8 51.8

Other services..................................... 2,933 2,970 2,975 2,975 52.2 52.3 52.3 52.3

Government............................................. 12,578 12,649 12,644 12,648 57.2 57.3 57.3 57.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

Total private............................................................................... 98,540 100,184 100,248 100,247

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,117 14,174 14,157 14,122

Mining and logging.................................................................. 605 511 500 489

Construction.......................................................................... 4,836 5,019 5,027 5,020

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,676 8,644 8,630 8,613

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,356 5,307 5,300 5,283

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,320 3,337 3,330 3,330

Private service-providing.............................................................. 84,423 86,010 86,091 86,125

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,608 22,940 22,922 22,907

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,709.2 4,735.8 4,733.6 4,723.1

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,274.3 13,535.6 13,516.6 13,515.6

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,176.1 4,216.5 4,220.1 4,217.6

Utilities.............................................................................. 448.3 451.7 451.8 450.4

Information............................................................................ 2,221 2,247 2,247 2,209

Financial activities................................................................... 6,247 6,375 6,387 6,396

Professional and business services............................................... 16,108 16,412 16,441 16,445

Education and health services..................................................... 19,271 19,753 19,790 19,854

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,288 13,571 13,588 13,601

Other services........................................................................ 4,680 4,712 4,716 4,713

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.1 40.9 41.2 41.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.6 44.3 45.2 46.2

Construction....................................................................... 39.3 39.2 39.7 39.5

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.8 41.7 41.8 41.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.1 42.1 42.2 42.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.3 41.1 41.1 41.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.7 33.5 33.5 33.5

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.5 38.5 38.6 38.5

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.1 29.7 29.8 29.7

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.7 38.9 38.9 38.9

Utilities........................................................................... 42.4 42.1 42.2 42.0

Information......................................................................... 35.8 35.4 35.5 35.5

Financial activities................................................................ 37.1 37.0 37.1 36.9

Professional and business services............................................ 35.3 35.5 35.5 35.5

Education and health services.................................................. 32.0 32.2 32.2 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.0 24.9 24.9 24.9

Other services..................................................................... 30.7 30.7 30.9 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

Total private............................................... $20.99 $21.40 $21.46 $21.49 $705.26 $719.04 $721.06 $722.06

Goods-producing....................................... 21.92 22.37 22.46 22.51 900.91 914.93 925.35 925.16

Mining and logging.................................. 26.44 26.84 27.08 27.13 1,205.66 1,189.01 1,224.02 1,253.41

Construction.......................................... 25.19 25.68 25.66 25.80 989.97 1,006.66 1,018.70 1,019.10

Manufacturing........................................ 19.86 20.29 20.40 20.41 830.15 846.09 852.72 853.14

Durable goods.................................... 20.94 21.34 21.46 21.45 881.57 898.41 905.61 905.19

Nondurable goods................................ 18.08 18.57 18.67 18.72 746.70 763.23 767.34 771.26

Private service-providing.............................. 20.79 21.20 21.26 21.27 673.60 686.88 688.82 689.15

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 18.62 18.93 18.95 18.95 627.49 634.16 634.83 634.83

Wholesale trade.................................. 23.67 24.06 24.11 24.21 911.30 926.31 930.65 932.09

Retail trade........................................ 14.74 15.04 15.04 15.05 443.67 446.69 448.19 446.99

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.73 20.93 20.92 20.83 802.25 814.18 813.79 810.29

Utilities............................................. 33.94 34.62 35.12 34.88 1,439.06 1,457.50 1,482.06 1,464.96

Information........................................... 29.00 29.67 29.80 29.86 1,038.20 1,050.32 1,057.90 1,060.03

Financial activities................................... 25.25 26.01 26.18 26.13 936.78 962.37 971.28 964.20

Professional and business services.............. 24.74 25.19 25.27 25.34 873.32 894.25 897.09 899.57

Education and health services..................... 22.06 22.39 22.44 22.44 705.92 720.96 722.57 722.57

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 12.39 12.74 12.77 12.82 309.75 317.23 317.97 319.22

Other services....................................... 18.97 19.16 19.18 19.22 582.38 588.21 592.66 591.98

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2016 -

May

2016p

May

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016p

May

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2016 -

May

2016p

Total private..................................... 110.3 112.2 112.2 112.2 0.0 154.7 160.4 160.9 161.2 0.2

Goods-producing............................. 88.7 88.6 89.1 88.7 -0.4 119.0 121.3 122.6 122.3 -0.2

Mining and logging........................ 146.6 120.3 120.1 120.1 0.0 225.4 187.8 189.1 189.4 0.2

Construction................................ 95.2 98.5 99.9 99.3 -0.6 129.4 136.6 138.5 138.3 -0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 83.3 82.7 82.8 82.6 -0.2 108.1 109.8 110.5 110.3 -0.2

Durable goods........................... 84.7 84.0 84.0 83.8 -0.2 110.8 111.8 112.6 112.2 -0.4

Nondurable goods...................... 80.8 80.8 80.6 80.8 0.2 103.2 106.0 106.4 106.9 0.5

Private service-providing.................... 116.5 118.7 118.8 118.8 0.0 166.1 172.5 173.2 173.3 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 106.2 107.1 107.0 107.0 0.0 141.1 144.7 144.7 144.6 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 106.8 107.4 107.6 107.1 -0.5 148.9 152.2 152.8 152.7 -0.1

Retail trade.............................. 101.1 101.8 102.0 101.6 -0.4 127.8 131.2 131.4 131.1 -0.2

Transportation and warehousing...... 121.7 123.5 123.6 123.5 -0.1 160.0 163.9 164.0 163.2 -0.5

Utilities.................................... 97.2 97.3 97.5 96.7 -0.8 137.7 140.5 142.9 140.8 -1.5

Information................................. 90.8 90.8 91.0 89.5 -1.6 130.3 133.4 134.3 132.3 -1.5

Financial activities......................... 109.1 111.0 111.6 111.1 -0.4 169.5 177.7 179.7 178.6 -0.6

Professional and business services..... 127.4 130.6 130.8 130.8 0.0 187.6 195.7 196.7 197.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 131.4 135.6 135.8 136.3 0.4 191.4 200.4 201.2 201.9 0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 121.7 123.8 123.9 124.1 0.2 171.2 179.1 179.7 180.6 0.5

Other services............................. 100.8 101.5 102.2 101.8 -0.4 139.3 141.6 142.8 142.6 -0.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.