For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 26, 2013 USDL-13-0730 

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES — 2012 

In 2012, 10.5 percent of families included an unemployed person, down 1.0 percentage point from 2011, 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Of the nation's 80.1 million families, 80.0 percent 

had at least one employed member in 2012. 

These data on employment, unemployment, and family relationships are collected as part of the Current 

Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 households. Data in this 

release are annual averages. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families 

maintained by women or men without spouses present. Unless otherwise noted, families include those 

without children as well as those with children under age 18. For further information, see the Technical 

Note. 

Families and Unemployment 

The number of families with at least one member unemployed decreased to 8.4 million in 2012 from 9.0 

million in 2011. The proportion of families with an unemployed member decreased to 10.5 percent in 

2012. Black and Hispanic families remained more likely to have an unemployed member in 2012 (16.8 

percent and 14.5 percent, respectively) than white and Asian families (9.5 percent and 9.2 percent, 

respectively). (See table 1.) 

Most families with an unemployed member also had at least one family member who is employed. 

Among families with an unemployed member in 2012, 67.5 percent also had an employed family 

member, about the same as in 2011. (See table 1.) 

Among married-couple families with an unemployed member, the proportion of families with at least 

one employed family member was 80.2 percent in 2012, up from 79.2 percent in 2011. Among families 

maintained by men (no spouse present) with an unemployed member, 53.3 percent had an employed 

member in 2012; for families maintained by women (no spouse present), the proportion was 45.6 

percent. Both proportions were little changed from 2011. (See table 3.) 

Families and Employment 

The share of families with an employed member edged up to 80.0 percent in 2012 from 79.8 percent in 

2011. The likelihood of having an employed family member rose in 2012 for black and Hispanic 
- 2 - 

families, to 75.4 percent and 84.6 percent, respectively. The likelihood for white and Asian families 

showed little change at 80.1 percent and 88.1 percent, respectively. (See table 1.) 

In 2012, families maintained by women with no spouse present remained less likely to have an 

employed member (72.4 percent) than married-couple families (81.9 percent) or families maintained by 

men with no spouse present (81.1 percent). Both the husband and wife were employed in 47.4 percent of 

married-couple families in 2012. The husband was the only worker in 20.2 percent of married-couple 

families, and the wife was the only worker in 8.0 percent of these families. (See table 2.) 

Families with Children 

In 2012, 43.1 percent of all families included children (sons, daughters, step-children, or adopted 

children) under age 18. Among the 34.6 million families with children, 87.8 percent had at least one 

employed parent in 2012, up from 87.2 percent in 2011. The mother was employed in 67.1 percent of 

families with children maintained by women with no spouse present in 2012, and the father was 

employed in 81.6 percent of families with children maintained by men with no spouse present. Among 

married-couple families with children, 96.3 percent had at least one employed parent in 2012. The share 

of married-couple families with children where both parents worked was 59.0 percent. (See table 4.) 

Mothers 

The labor force participation rate—the percent of the population working or looking for work—for all 

mothers with children under age 18 was 70.5 percent in 2012, little different from the prior year. In 

2012, the participation rate for married mothers with a spouse present (68.3 percent) remained lower 

than the rate for mothers with other marital statuses (75.2 percent). (Other marital status refers to 

persons who never married or are widowed, divorced, separated, or married but living apart from their 

spouse.) Married mothers were equally as likely to be employed as mothers with other marital statuses 

in 2012, but their unemployment rate was substantially lower—5.4 percent, compared with 14.1 percent 

for mothers with other marital statuses. (See table 5.) 

Mothers with younger children are less likely to be in the labor force than mothers with older children. 

In 2012, the labor force participation rate of mothers with children under 6 years old (64.8 percent) was 

lower than the rate of those whose youngest child was 6 to 17 years old (75.1 percent). The participation 

rate of mothers with infants under a year old was 57.0 percent. Among mothers with infants, there was 

virtually no difference in the participation rate of married mothers (57.0 percent) and those with other 

marital statuses (56.9 percent). However, the unemployment rate for married mothers of infants, at 5.5 

percent, was considerably lower than the rate for mothers with other marital statuses, at 23.2 percent. 

(See tables 5 and 6.) 
Technical Note 

The estimates in this release are based on annual average 

data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS, 

which is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau 

of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a monthly survey of about 60,000 

eligible households that provides information on the labor 

force status, demographics, and other characteristics of the 

nation's civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over. 

The data presented in this release are not strictly 

comparable with data for earlier years due to the introduction 

of updated population estimates, or controls, used in the CPS. 

The population controls are updated each year in January to 

reflect the latest information about population change. 

Additional information is available from the BLS website at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop. 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request: Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire 

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the true population values they 

represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies 

depending on the particular sample selected, and this 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 

1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 

sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 

90-percent level of confidence. 

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the 

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to 

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability 

or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or processing of 

the data. 

Additional information about reliability of data from the 

CPS and guidance on estimating standard errors is available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Definitions 

Definitions of the principal terms used in this release are 

presented below. 

Family. A family is a group of two or more persons 

residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or 

adoption. The count of families is for "primary" families only, 

that is, the householder and all other persons related to and 

residing with the householder. Families are classified either as 

married-couple families or as families maintained by women 

or men without spouses. Families include those without 

children as well as those with children under 18. 

Householder. The householder is the family reference 

person. This is the person (or one of the persons) in whose 

name the housing unit is owned or rented. The relationship of 

other individuals in the household is defined in terms of 

relationship to the householder. The race or ethnicity of the 

family is determined by that of the householder. 

Married, spouse present; other marital status. These 

terms denote the marital status of individuals at the time of 

interview. Married, spouse present, refers to husbands and 

wives living together in the same household, even though one 

may be temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, 

in a hospital, or for other reasons. Other marital status includes 

persons who are never-married; married, spouse absent; 

separated; widowed; or divorced. Separated includes persons 

with legal separations, those living apart with intentions of 

obtaining a divorce, and other people permanently or 

temporarily separated because of marital discord. Married, 

spouse absent, includes married people living apart because 

either the husband or wife was employed and living at a 

considerable distance from home, was serving away from 

home in the Armed Forces, had moved to another area, or had 

a different place of residence for any other reason except 

separation as defined above. 

Children. Data on children refer to own children under 

age 18 that live in the household. Included are sons, daughters, 

step-children, and adopted children of the husband, wife, or 

person maintaining the family. Not included are nieces, 

nephews, grandchildren, other related children, and all 

unrelated children living in the household. 

Employed. Employed persons are all those who, during 

the survey reference week, (a) did any work at all as paid 

employees; (b) worked in their own business, profession, or on 

their own farm; (c) worked 15 hours or more as unpaid 

workers in a family member's operated businesses. Persons 

who were temporarily absent from their because of illness, 

vacation, labor disputes, or another reason also are counted as 

employed.

Unemployed. The unemployed are persons who had no 

employment during the reference week, were available for 

work at that time, and had made specific efforts to find 

employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with 

the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled 

to a job from which they had been laid off need not be looking 

for work to be classified as unemployed. 

Civilian labor force. The civilian labor force comprises 

all persons classified as employed or unemployed. 

Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate is the 

number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. 

Labor force participation rate. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population 

Employment-population ratio. The employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. 
Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2011-2012 annual

averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic 2011 2012

EMPLOYMENT IN FAMILIES

Total families............................................................................................................. 78,362 80,141

With at least one family member employed....................................................................... 62,529 64,091

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 79.8 80.0

With at least one family member employed full time1........................................................ 56,498 58,007

With no family member employed.................................................................................. 15,833 16,050

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 20.2 20.0

White

Total families............................................................................................................. 63,635 64,246

With at least one family member employed....................................................................... 51,030 51,491

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 80.2 80.1

With at least one family member employed full time1

........................................................ 46,203 46,710

With no family member employed.................................................................................. 12,605 12,755

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 19.8 19.9

Black or African American

Total families............................................................................................................. 9,370 9,671

With at least one family member employed....................................................................... 6,954 7,290

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 74.2 75.4

With at least one family member employed full time1

........................................................ 6,105 6,419

With no family member employed.................................................................................. 2,416 2,380

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 25.8 24.6

Asian

Total families............................................................................................................. 3,559 4,024

With at least one family member employed....................................................................... 3,131 3,546

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 88.0 88.1

With at least one family member employed full time1

........................................................ 2,932 3,315

With no family member employed.................................................................................. 427 478

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 12.0 11.9

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total families............................................................................................................. 10,902 11,769

With at least one family member employed....................................................................... 9,178 9,962

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 84.2 84.6

With at least one family member employed full time1

........................................................ 8,201 8,978

With no family member employed.................................................................................. 1,724 1,808

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 15.8 15.4

UNEMPLOYMENT IN FAMILIES

Total families............................................................................................................. 78,362 80,141

With at least one family member unemployed.................................................................... 9,043 8,444

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 11.5 10.5

Some family member(s) employed.............................................................................. 6,079 5,702

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed.................................. 67.2 67.5

Some family member(s) employed full time1

............................................................... 5,211 4,902

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed............................... 57.6 58.1

White

Total families............................................................................................................. 63,635 64,246

With at least one family member unemployed.................................................................... 6,608 6,133

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 10.4 9.5

Some family member(s) employed.............................................................................. 4,627 4,321

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed.................................. 70.0 70.5

Some family member(s) employed full time1

............................................................... 3,964 3,719

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed............................... 60.0 60.6

Black or African American

Total families............................................................................................................. 9,370 9,671

With at least one family member unemployed.................................................................... 1,767 1,629

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 18.9 16.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2011-2012 annual

averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic 2011 2012

Some family member(s) employed.............................................................................. 985 885

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed.................................. 55.7 54.3

Some family member employed full time1.................................................................. 835 752

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed............................... 47.3 46.1

Asian

Total families............................................................................................................. 3,559 4,024

With at least one family member unemployed.................................................................... 389 370

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 10.9 9.2

Some family member(s) employed.............................................................................. 298 292

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed.................................. 76.4 79.0

Some family member(s) employed full time1

............................................................... 270 259

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed............................... 69.3 70.1

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total families............................................................................................................. 10,902 11,769

With at least one family member unemployed.................................................................... 1,781 1,707

As a percent of total families..................................................................................... 16.3 14.5

Some family member(s) employed.............................................................................. 1,226 1,197

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed.................................. 68.8 70.1

Some family member(s) employed full time1

............................................................... 1,030 1,020

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed............................... 57.8 59.7

1 Usually work 35 hours or more per week at all jobs.

NOTE: The race or ethnicity of the family is determined by that of the householder, the family reference person in whose name the housing unit is owned

or rented. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all

races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
Table 2. Families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 2011-2012 annual

averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2011 2012 2011 2012

MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES

Total......................................................................................... 57,290 58,431 100.0 100.0

With at least one family member employed......................................... 46,910 47,830 81.9 81.9

Husband only......................................................................... 11,426 11,815 19.9 20.2

Wife only............................................................................... 4,764 4,696 8.3 8.0

Husband and wife.................................................................... 27,229 27,708 47.5 47.4

Other employment combinations................................................... 3,491 3,612 6.1 6.2

With no family member employed.................................................... 10,379 10,601 18.1 18.1

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN1

Total......................................................................................... 15,147 15,517 100.0 100.0

With at least one family member employed......................................... 10,867 11,236 71.7 72.4

Householder only..................................................................... 6,248 6,403 41.2 41.3

Householder and other member(s)................................................. 2,683 2,896 17.7 18.7

Other member(s), not householder................................................ 1,937 1,937 12.8 12.5

With no family member employed.................................................... 4,280 4,281 28.3 27.6

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN1

Total......................................................................................... 5,926 6,192 100.0 100.0

With at least one family member employed......................................... 4,752 5,025 80.2 81.1

Householder only..................................................................... 2,399 2,514 40.5 40.6

Householder and other member(s)................................................. 1,506 1,622 25.4 26.2

Other member(s), not householder................................................ 847 889 14.3 14.4

With no family member employed.................................................... 1,174 1,168 19.8 18.9

1 No spouse present.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 3. Unemployment in families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type,

2011-2012 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2011 2012 2011 2012

MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES

With at least one family member unemployed, total.................................. 5,576 5,140 100.0 100.0

Employment of family members

Some family member(s) employed................................................... 4,413 4,123 79.2 80.2

No family member employed.......................................................... 1,162 1,017 20.8 19.8

Unemployment of family members

Husband unemployed.................................................................. 2,387 2,066 42.8 40.2

Wife employed........................................................................ 1,497 1,307 26.9 25.4

Wife unemployed........................................................................ 1,610 1,567 28.9 30.5

Husband employed................................................................... 1,350 1,328 24.2 25.8

Other family member(s) unemployed................................................. 1,579 1,507 28.3 29.3

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN1

With at least one family member unemployed, total.................................. 2,498 2,372 100.0 100.0

Employment of family members

Some family member(s) employed................................................... 1,146 1,081 45.9 45.6

No family member employed.......................................................... 1,352 1,290 54.1 54.4

Unemployment of family members

Householder unemployed.............................................................. 1,268 1,191 50.8 50.2

Other member(s) employed......................................................... 275 250 11.0 10.6

Other family member(s) unemployed................................................. 1,229 1,180 49.2 49.8

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN1

With at least one family member unemployed, total.................................. 970 932 100.0 100.0

Employment of family members

Some family member(s) employed................................................... 520 497 53.6 53.3

No family member employed.......................................................... 450 435 46.4 46.7

Unemployment of family members

Householder unemployed.............................................................. 575 535 59.4 57.4

Other member(s) employed......................................................... 231 209 23.8 22.5

Other family member(s) unemployed................................................. 394 397 40.6 42.6

1 No spouse present.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 4. Families with own children: Employment status of parents by age of youngest child and family type,

2011-2012 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2011 2012 2011 2012

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Total families............................................................................... 34,269 34,566 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed..................................................................... 29,891 30,351 87.2 87.8

No parent employed.................................................................... 4,379 4,215 12.8 12.2

Married-couple families

Total....................................................................................... 23,334 23,297 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed.................................................................. 22,360 22,429 95.8 96.3

Mother employed.................................................................. 15,267 15,243 65.4 65.4

Both parents employed......................................................... 13,649 13,739 58.5 59.0

Mother employed, not father................................................... 1,618 1,503 6.9 6.5

Father employed, not mother.................................................... 7,093 7,186 30.4 30.8

Neither parent employed............................................................ 974 868 4.2 3.7

Families maintained by mother1

Total....................................................................................... 8,538 8,757 100.0 100.0

Mother employed..................................................................... 5,622 5,872 65.9 67.1

Mother not employed................................................................ 2,916 2,885 34.1 32.9

Families maintained by father1

Total....................................................................................... 2,397 2,512 100.0 100.0

Father employed...................................................................... 1,908 2,050 79.6 81.6

Father not employed................................................................. 489 462 20.4 18.4

WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER

Total families............................................................................... 19,301 19,577 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed..................................................................... 17,027 17,355 88.2 88.6

No parent employed.................................................................... 2,274 2,222 11.8 11.4

Married-couple families

Total....................................................................................... 12,927 12,982 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed.................................................................. 12,388 12,471 95.8 96.1

Mother employed.................................................................. 9,118 9,028 70.5 69.5

Both parents employed......................................................... 8,136 8,104 62.9 62.4

Mother employed, not father................................................... 982 924 7.6 7.1

Father employed, not mother.................................................... 3,270 3,443 25.3 26.5

Neither parent employed............................................................ 539 511 4.2 3.9

Families maintained by mother1

Total....................................................................................... 5,043 5,149 100.0 100.0

Mother employed..................................................................... 3,575 3,711 70.9 72.1

Mother not employed................................................................ 1,468 1,437 29.1 27.9

Families maintained by father1

Total....................................................................................... 1,330 1,447 100.0 100.0

Father employed...................................................................... 1,063 1,173 79.9 81.1

Father not employed................................................................. 267 274 20.1 18.9

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS

Total families............................................................................... 14,969 14,989 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed..................................................................... 12,864 12,996 85.9 86.7

No parent employed.................................................................... 2,105 1,992 14.1 13.3

Married-couple families

Total....................................................................................... 10,407 10,315 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed.................................................................. 9,972 9,958 95.8 96.5

Mother employed.................................................................. 6,149 6,215 59.1 60.3

Both parents employed......................................................... 5,512 5,635 53.0 54.6

Mother employed, not father................................................... 636 580 6.1 5.6

Father employed, not mother.................................................... 3,824 3,744 36.7 36.3

Neither parent employed............................................................ 435 357 4.2 3.5

Families maintained by mother1

Total....................................................................................... 3,495 3,609 100.0 100.0

Mother employed..................................................................... 2,047 2,161 58.6 59.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Families with own children: Employment status of parents by age of youngest child and family type,

2011-2012 annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2011 2012 2011 2012

Mother not employed................................................................ 1,448 1,448 41.4 40.1

Families maintained by father1

Total....................................................................................... 1,067 1,065 100.0 100.0

Father employed...................................................................... 845 877 79.2 82.4

Father not employed................................................................. 222 188 20.8 17.6

1 No spouse present.

NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and

unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 5. Employment status of the population by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children

under 18, 2011-2012 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2011 2012

Total Men Women Total Men Women

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 63,885 28,143 35,743 63,796 27,889 35,907

Civilian labor force................................................... 51,521 26,302 25,219 51,342 26,028 25,314

Participation rate................................................... 80.6 93.5 70.6 80.5 93.3 70.5

Employed........................................................... 47,578 24,619 22,959 47,872 24,665 23,207

Full-time workers1

.............................................. 40,275 23,245 17,029 40,672 23,348 17,323

Part-time workers2

............................................. 7,303 1,374 5,930 7,200 1,317 5,883

Employment-population ratio..................................... 74.5 87.5 64.2 75.0 88.4 64.6

Unemployed........................................................ 3,943 1,683 2,260 3,470 1,362 2,108

Unemployment rate............................................. 7.7 6.4 9.0 6.8 5.2 8.3

Married, spouse present

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 49,999 25,392 24,607 49,590 25,010 24,580

Civilian labor force................................................... 40,783 23,873 16,911 40,273 23,478 16,795

Participation rate................................................... 81.6 94.0 68.7 81.2 93.9 68.3

Employed........................................................... 38,379 22,480 15,900 38,257 22,372 15,885

Full-time workers1

.............................................. 32,940 21,322 11,618 32,958 21,275 11,683

Part-time workers2

............................................. 5,440 1,158 4,282 5,299 1,097 4,202

Employment-population ratio..................................... 76.8 88.5 64.6 77.1 89.4 64.6

Unemployed........................................................ 2,404 1,393 1,011 2,017 1,106 910

Unemployment rate............................................. 5.9 5.8 6.0 5.0 4.7 5.4

Other marital status3

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 13,886 2,751 11,135 14,206 2,879 11,327

Civilian labor force................................................... 10,737 2,429 8,308 11,068 2,549 8,519

Participation rate................................................... 77.3 88.3 74.6 77.9 88.6 75.2

Employed........................................................... 9,198 2,139 7,059 9,615 2,294 7,322

Full-time workers1

.............................................. 7,335 1,923 5,412 7,714 2,074 5,640

Part-time workers2............................................. 1,864 216 1,647 1,901 220 1,681

Employment-population ratio..................................... 66.2 77.8 63.4 67.7 79.7 64.6

Unemployed........................................................ 1,539 290 1,249 1,453 256 1,197

Unemployment rate............................................. 14.3 11.9 15.0 13.1 10.0 14.1

WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 35,027 15,431 19,596 35,353 15,539 19,814

Civilian labor force................................................... 29,193 14,289 14,904 29,234 14,347 14,887

Participation rate................................................... 83.3 92.6 76.1 82.7 92.3 75.1

Employed........................................................... 27,178 13,422 13,756 27,421 13,620 13,801

Full-time workers1

.............................................. 23,186 12,735 10,450 23,520 12,918 10,602

Part-time workers2............................................. 3,992 686 3,306 3,901 702 3,199

Employment-population ratio..................................... 77.6 87.0 70.2 77.6 87.6 69.7

Unemployed........................................................ 2,015 867 1,148 1,813 727 1,086

Unemployment rate............................................. 6.9 6.1 7.7 6.2 5.1 7.3

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 28,858 12,712 16,146 28,443 12,350 16,094

Civilian labor force................................................... 22,328 12,013 10,315 22,108 11,681 10,427

Participation rate................................................... 77.4 94.5 63.9 77.7 94.6 64.8

Employed........................................................... 20,400 11,197 9,203 20,451 11,045 9,406

Full-time workers1

.............................................. 17,089 10,510 6,579 17,152 10,430 6,721

Part-time workers2

............................................. 3,311 687 2,624 3,299 615 2,684

Employment-population ratio..................................... 70.7 88.1 57.0 71.9 89.4 58.4

Unemployed........................................................ 1,928 816 1,112 1,657 635 1,021

Unemployment rate............................................. 8.6 6.8 10.8 7.5 5.4 9.8

WITH NO OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 175,732 88,175 87,558 179,488 89,455 90,033

Civilian labor force................................................... 102,096 55,673 46,423 103,633 56,299 47,334

Participation rate................................................... 58.1 63.1 53.0 57.7 62.9 52.6

Employed........................................................... 92,291 49,671 42,620 94,597 50,890 43,707

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Employment status of the population by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children

under 18, 2011-2012 annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2011 2012

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Full-time workers1.............................................. 72,282 41,087 31,194 74,137 42,129 32,008

Part-time workers2............................................. 20,010 8,584 11,426 20,460 8,761 11,699

Employment-population ratio..................................... 52.5 56.3 48.7 52.7 56.9 48.5

Unemployed........................................................ 9,805 6,002 3,803 9,036 5,409 3,627

Unemployment rate............................................. 9.6 10.8 8.2 8.7 9.6 7.7

1 Usually work 35 hours or more per week at all jobs.

2 Usually work less than 35 hours per week at all jobs.

3 Includes never married; married, spouse absent; divorced; separated; and widowed persons.

NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and

unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 6. Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest

child and marital status, 2011-2012 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2011 2012

With own children under 3 years old With own children under 3 years old

Total 2 years 1 year Under 1

year

Total 2 years 1 year Under 1

year

TOTAL MOTHERS

Civilian noninstitutional population....................... 9,259 2,893 3,353 3,013 9,134 2,829 3,256 3,049

Civilian labor force....................................... 5,613 1,848 2,083 1,682 5,612 1,832 2,044 1,737

Participation rate...................................... 60.6 63.9 62.1 55.8 61.4 64.7 62.8 57.0

Employed.............................................. 4,977 1,645 1,844 1,488 5,047 1,656 1,845 1,546

Full-time workers1................................. 3,486 1,169 1,296 1,021 3,552 1,177 1,272 1,102

Part-time workers2

................................ 1,492 476 548 467 1,495 479 572 444

Employment-population ratio........................ 53.8 56.9 55.0 49.4 55.3 58.6 56.7 50.7

Unemployed........................................... 635 202 239 194 564 175 199 190

Unemployment rate................................ 11.3 11.0 11.5 11.5 10.1 9.6 9.7 11.0

Married, spouse present

Civilian noninstitutional population....................... 6,488 1,999 2,381 2,109 6,334 1,940 2,288 2,106

Civilian labor force....................................... 3,854 1,220 1,434 1,200 3,808 1,198 1,409 1,200

Participation rate...................................... 59.4 61.0 60.2 56.9 60.1 61.8 61.6 57.0

Employed.............................................. 3,603 1,138 1,342 1,123 3,600 1,134 1,332 1,134

Full-time workers1

................................. 2,594 822 967 805 2,595 816 928 852

Part-time workers2

................................ 1,009 316 375 318 1,005 318 405 282

Employment-population ratio........................ 55.5 56.9 56.4 53.3 56.8 58.5 58.2 53.8

Unemployed........................................... 251 82 92 77 208 64 77 66

Unemployment rate................................ 6.5 6.7 6.4 6.4 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.5

Other marital status3

Civilian noninstitutional population....................... 2,771 894 973 905 2,800 889 968 943

Civilian labor force....................................... 1,759 628 649 482 1,804 633 634 537

Participation rate...................................... 63.5 70.3 66.8 53.2 64.4 71.2 65.5 56.9

Employed.............................................. 1,375 508 502 365 1,447 522 512 412

Full-time workers1................................. 892 347 329 216 957 361 345 251

Part-time workers2

................................ 483 161 173 149 490 161 167 162

Employment-population ratio........................ 49.6 56.8 51.6 40.3 51.7 58.8 52.9 43.7

Unemployed........................................... 384 120 147 117 357 111 122 124

Unemployment rate................................ 21.8 19.2 22.6 24.2 19.8 17.5 19.2 23.2

1 Usually work 35 hours or more per week at all jobs.

2 Usually work less than 35 hours per week at all jobs.

3 Includes never married; married, spouse absent; divorced; separated; and widowed persons.

NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and

unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.