20

Table 16. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

transportation equipment manufacturing and public utilities workers, by industry and occupational group, September 2002

Benefit costs
Total | Wages
Series compen- | and Supple- Retirement] Legally | othe,
sation | salaries Paid | mental and | required 1
Total | eave | “pay” | surance | sevings | benents | benef
Cost per hour worked by year
Transportation equipment manufacturing (SIC 37) $34.9 | $22.87 | $12.02] $298] si98 | S296 $1.00 | $28¢ | $0.26
White-collar occupations 4636 | 3237 | 1400] 454} 1.32 3.25 1.33 3:34 22
Professional specialty and technical 4753 | 3284 | 1468] 496} 1.07 3.53 1.32 3.55 26
Executive, administrative, and managerial soa | 4371 | 1613] 536] 2.19 2.94 1.59 3.84 2
Blue-collar occupations 2927 | 1822) 11.05] 221] 231 281 84 261 27
Service occupations ener 2966 | 1816 | 1150] 260} 1.78 3.33 1.02 2468 30
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 4223 | 28.08 | 14.18) 388] 1.79 3.60 147 3.22 2
White-collar occupations ..... 45.17 | 3067 | 1450] 437] 1.27 3.69 1.60 3.33 2
Blue-collar occupations ..... 3rs7 | 2391 | 1366] 307] 265 3.43 1.23 3.08 22
Public utilities (SIC’s 48, 49) 35.03 | 2339} 14.64] 331! 1.51 2.95 1.25 251 At
White-collar occupations 35.07 | 23.76} 1131] 321| 1.53 2.86 115 242 M4
Blue-collar occupations 36.21 | 2288 | 1233] 352] 1.50 3.12 1.43 268 oF
Communications (SIC 48) ... 3395 | 2309 | toss} 322) 1.38 2.78 4.02 236 MW
‘White-collar occupations 3370 | 2320} 1050] 305| 1.36 2.66 1.01 231 4
Blue-collar occupations... 3480 | 2295] 1186] 369] 1.44 3.07 1.05 251 40
Electric, gas, and sanitary services (SIC 49) 3707 | 2396] 13.41] 348] 1.77 3.28 4.87 278 13
White-collar occupations 3883 | 25.29 | 1354] 366] 2.01 3.41 1.82 2.72 2
Blue-collar occupations... 35.63 | 2281 | 1282] 334] 1.56 3.18 1.83 2.86 05
Percent of total compensation
Transportation equipment manufacturing {SIC 37)... 100.0 o55 | 345] 285 57 85 29 _ 84 o7
‘White-collar occupations ... 100.0 698 | 302 98 28 70 29 72 5
Professional specialty an 100.0 69.1 | 309] 104 23 74 28 75 5
Executive, administrative, and managerial 100.0 730 | 270] 90 37 49 27 64 4
Blue-collar occupations .. 7 100.0 622 | 378 | 76 79 96 29 39 2
Service occupations 100.0 62 | 388 | 88 6.0 12 34 83 10
ircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 100.0 664 | 336] 92 42 85 35 76 5
White-collar occupations... 100.0 679 | 321 97 28 82 35 74 &
Blue-collar occupations... 100.0 636 | 364] 82 7A a4 33 84 6
Public utilities (SIC’s 48, 49) 100.0 e6s | 332] 94 43 84 3.6 72 3
White-collar occupations 100.0 ere | 322] 92 44 82 33 69 4
Bive-collar occupations .. 100.0 65.0 | 350] 10.0 43 89 44 76 2
Communications (SIC 48) 100.0 680 | 320} 95 44 82 3.0 70 3
White-coltar occupations 100.0 ess | 312] 94 40 79 3.0 69 3
Blue-collar occupations . 100.0 659 | 341] 106 44 88 3.0 72 3
Electric, gas, and sanitary services (SIC 49) 100.0 e416 | 354] 94 48 88 45 75 4
White-collar occupations 100.0 65.1 | 349] 94 5.2 88 39 7.0 5
Blue-collar occupations nn 100.0 e4.0 | 360] 94 44 8g 54 8.0 A

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



14

Table 10. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by occupational and industry group, September 2002

Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- | and ‘Supple- Retirement! Legally Other
sation | salaries Paid | mentat and | required 4
Total leave pay Insurance savings benefits benefits’
Cost per hour worked by year
Al workers in private industry $22.01 | $1600 | seo1} $145] soso | $1.45 | $063 | $1.84 | $0.03
Occupational group
White-collar occupations 26.74 19.74 7.03 1.99 66 1.62 76 1.97 04
Professional specialty and technical 36.40 | 2684 | 956] 298 75 2.04 1.13 262 05
Professional specialty 30.44 | 29.26 | 10.18] 332 7 2.05 1.20 279 06
Technical 20.36 | 21.23 | 813] 220 69 2.03 98 223 02
Executive, administrative, and managerial . 4za3 | 34.01 | 11.82) 358] 1.62 223 1.40 291 08
Sales 1695 | 1322 | 373] 83 132 86 29 442 | (?)
Administrative support, including clerical. 18.28 | 13.24] 5.04} 1.24 37 1.51 49 4.40 03
Blue-collar occupations... 20.59 14.26 6.32 1.15 75 1.66 70 2.04 03
Precision production, craft, and repai 2653 | 1847 | 806} 156 89 1.96 1.05 256 04
Machine operators, assemblers, and in: 18.67 12.54 6.16 1.21 96 1.74 49 71 05
‘Transportation and material moving 2034 | 1404 | 631} 1.03 67 167 76 2.15 03
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 14.75 10.51 4.24 65 a4 1.19 40 1.57 (?)
Service occupations. 11.45 8.54 2.60 AT 19 62 AT 41.16 (2)
Industry group
Goods-producing industries? . 2564 | 1760 | 804) 166] 1.07 2.08 89 231 08
Construction 25.71 18.13 | 7.58 90 4 1.67 1.23 2.82 (7)
Manufacturin 25.33 | 1722] B11] 192] 1.13 2.45 74 2.08 09
Durables ... 2657 | 17.98 | 859] 205| 1.20 228 15 2.19 12
Nondurables 23.56 16.14 7.42 173 1.02 1.97 72 1.94 04
Service-producing industries 20.98 15.55 5.43 1.39 47 1.28 56 171 02
‘Transportation and public utilities .. 30.22 20.72 9.50 2.25 1.00 2.47 1.25 249 04
Wholesale trade. 24.20 17.33 6.87 1.54 79 1.83 66 2.01 06
Retail rade 12.03 952 | 2.51 a7 16 54 15 4.19 (7?)
Finance, insi 28.96 20.45, 8.51 2.14 1.19 1,99 1.42 1.97 10
Services 2253 | 1693 | 561] 161 36 1.27 56 479 | (2)
Percent of total compensation
All workers in private industry 100.0 72.7 27.3 66 27 66 29 B4 Ot
‘Occupational group
White-collar occupations 100.0 737 26.3 74 25 61 28 74 a
Professional specialty and technical . 100.0 737 | 263 | 82 24 58 34 72 A
Professional specialty 100.0 74,2 25.8 8.4 20 52 3.0 74 2
Technical .. 100.0 723 277 75 24 69 33 76 A
Executive, administrative, and managerial 100.0 724 276 B4 38 52 33 68 2
Son 100.0 78.0 22.0 49 49 54 17 84 (5)
Administrative support, including clerical 100.0 724 276 68 2.0 8.3 27 77 2
Blue-collar occupations 100.0 30.7 5.6 3.6 8.1 34 9.9 1
Precision production, craft, and repair 100.0 4 59 34 74 40 96 2
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 100.0 33.0 65 54 93 26 9.2 3
‘Transportation and material moving .. 100.0 31.0 | 5.4 33 a2 37 106 A
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and lal 100.0 28.7 44 3.0 84 27 10.6 ()
‘Service occupations 100.0 766 | 23.3 4.2 ww 5.6 15 10.4 ()
Industry group
Goods-producing industries’ 100.0 68.6 31.4 65 42 8.0 35 9.0 2
Construction 100.0 705 | 295 | 35 37 65 48 11.0 (8)
Manufacturing: 100.0 68.0 32.0 76 45 85 29 82 4
Durables 100.0 er7 | 323] 77 45 86 28 82 $s
Nondurables 400.0 eas | 315] 73 43 B4 34 82 2
Service-producing industries 400.0 7a1 | 259] 68 22 64 27 82 a
Transportation and public utilities: 100.0 68.6 314 74 33 8.2 44 8.2 a
Wholesale trade 100.0 16 28.4 64 33 76 27 83 2
Retail trade 100.0 79.1 20.9 39 1.3 45 4.2 99 ( 5 )
Finance, insuran 100.0 706 | 24] 74 44 69 39 68 3
Services 100.0 75.4 24.9 7A 16 5.6 25 79 ()

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

* Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and

retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
© Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



24 |
|
Appendix. Employer costs per hour worked for components of compensation, and relative standard errors,’ by major industry and
occupation categories, September 2002 _ |
Benefit costs
Totat | Wages
Industry or '
. compen- | and Supple- Retirement| Legally
occupation category sation | salaries | yyy | Paid | mental |i osance| and | required | net,
i leave | pay savings | benefits
|
Civilian workers |
Cost per hour worked by Year onnnnnnnnmnnnnnnnf $2344 | $16.93 | $651] seo} sose | si.e7 | soso | $1.85 | $0.03 |
Relative error . 13 13 | 13 | 24 | 38 413 25 14 405
State and local government workers
Cost per hour worked by year s31.89 | $2240 | $049] s24o| $28} $296 | $181 | $189 $.06 i
Relative error 13 13 | 16} 19 | 64 20 33 20 286 |
Private industry workers .
Cost per hour worked by year .. s16.00 | $6.01] s1a5} seo] $1.45 $63 | $t.84 $03
Relative error 16] 17 | 34] 40 1.6 34 43 11.0
Goods- producing industries?
Cost per hour worked by year $17.80 | $8.04] $1.66} $1.07 | $2.05 sao | $2.31 $.06
Relative error 5 | 25 | 31 | 59 26 5.0 16 163
Service-producing industries*
Cost per hour worked by year $2098 | $15.55 | $5.43) $1.39) $47 | $1.28 $56 | $1.71 $02
Relative error 18 19 | 20 | 37] 50 19 38 14 134
Manufacturing
Cost per hour worked by Year eninmennnnnennnnf $25.33 | $17.22 | $8.11] st9z} $113] $215 3.74 | $2.08 $09
Relative error ‘| "20 19 | 27 | 34 | 66 29 5.4 47 474
Nonmanufacturing
Cost per hour worked by year .... sais1 | $15.78 | $563 $136] $51] $1.32 $62 | $1.80 $02
Relative error 17 17 | 19 | 36] 51 19 37 14 136
White-collar workers |
Cost per hour worked by Year wancnnnmnnnneene) $26.74 | $19.71 | $7.03} st.so} ses | $1.62 se | $1.97 $04 |
Relative error | “19 20 | te | 34 | 66 417 33 16 132 i
Blve-collar workers
Cost per hour worked by year 2059 | $14.26 | $6sz] s1.15| $75 | st.66 s.70 | $2.04 $.03
Relative error 15 13 | 23 | 30 | 26 28 49 16 178
Service workers
Cost per hour worked by year s11.15 | $054] $260] sa7| sio | soz a7} site | (5)
Relative error 25 at | 40 | 62 | 106 55 11.0 18 (8)
|
1 The relative error is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost. retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries. |
‘One can be 90-percent confident that the interval around the cost estimate 8 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. |
bounded by 1.6 times plus and 1.6 times minus the standard error conlains the 6 Relative error is suppressed because cost per hour worked is $0.01 or
“ue” cost. less.
2 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

4 includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and



Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:

Civilian workers, by major occupational group, September 2002

Compensation Civilian workers White collar Blue collar Service
‘component
Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent
Total compensation $23.44} 1000 | $28.33 | 100.0 | $20.86 | 1000 | $1334 | 1000
‘Wages and salaries 16.93 722 20.78 73.3 14.40 | - 690 973 | 729
Total benefits ... 651 278 7.85 26.7 6.47 310 361 aA
Paid leave 1.60 68 2.09 74 1.22 58 a 58
Vacation 78 32 96 34 61 29 35 26
Holiday .. BA 23 70 25 43 24 25 19
Sick .. 23 1.0 33 12 12 6 43 10
Other 08 3 mM 4 ‘05 2 04 3
Supplemental pay 56 24 87 20 73 35 26 19
Premium’ 23 10 12 ‘4 ‘St 24 43 19
Shift differentials .. “06 3 08 2 ‘07 3 05 4
Nonproduction bonuses .. a 12 40 14 416 8 08 6
Insurance .. 1.67 7A 1.89 87 173 83 93 79
ife 04 2 08 2 ‘04 2 02 A
Heal 1.55 66 175 62 162 78 88 66
Short-term disability 04 2 04 4 05 2 02 A
Long-term disability 03 4 05 2 02 1 (7) @)
Retirement and savings . 80 34 7 34 7 35 42 34
Defined benef a2 18 45 16 45 22 3 23
Defined contribution 38 16 53 19 23 14 10 7
Legally required benefits 1.85 79 1.98 70 2.02 a7 122 a1
Social Security+ 1.36 58 4.62 57 1.22 58 ‘Bt 61
‘OASDI 1.08 46 429 48 99 ar 4 48
Medicare cnn 27 12 33 12 23 14 16 12
Federal unemployment insurance 03 4 03 a 03 A 03 2
State unemployment insurance 09 4 08 3 1 Ss 08 6
Workers’ compensation .. 38 16 25 9 88 32 3 23
Other benefits> 03 a 04 a 03 a (?) @)

1 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work

schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and hofidays).

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Less than .05 percent.

4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an

OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for

Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.

5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



21
EXPLANATORY NOTES

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) measures the average cost per employee hour
worked that employers pay for wages and salaries and benefits.

Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage rate or, for workers not paid on an hourly
basis, straight-time earnings divided by the corresponding hours. Straight-time wage and salary rates are total
earnings before payroll-deductions and include production bonuses, incentive eamings, commission payments,
and cost-of-living adjustments. Not included in straight-time earnings are nonproduction bonuses such as lump-
sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases, shift differentials, and premium pay for overtime and for work
on weekends and holidays; these payments are included in the benefits component.

Benefits include: Paid leave--vacations, holidays, sick leave, and other leave; supplemental pay--premium
pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays), shift
differentials, and nonproduction bonuses (such as referral bonuses and lump-sum payments provided in lieu of
wage increases); insurance benefits--life, health, short-term disability, and long-term disability; retirement and
savings benefits--defined benefit and defined contribution plans; legally required benefits--social security,
medicare, Federal and State unemployment insurance, and workers’ compensation; and other benefits--severance
pay and supplemental unemployment plans.

The Employer Costs for Employee Compensation includes data for the civilian economy, which includes
data from both private industry and State and local government. Excluded from private industry are the self-
employed and farm and private household workers. Federal government workers are excluded from the public
sector. The private industry series and the State and local government series provide data for the two sectors
separately.

The publication schedule for the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation has changed. Publications
are now issued on a quarterly basis, with data collected for the pay period including the 12" day of the survey
months of March, June, September, and December. Publications will be issued approximately three months after
the month of reference. The tables included in the quarterly news release are unchanged from the annual format
and also will be available on the Internet. Data are available on a quarterly basis beginning with June 2002 data.
Information may be obtained by calling (202) 691-6199, visiting the Internet site
(http://www.bls.gov/nes/ect/home.htm), or by e-mail request (ocltinfo@bls.gov).

The cost levels in this release are based on a probability sample of about 28,800 occupations within
approximately 7,000 sample establishments in private industry and about 3,700 occupations within approximately
800 sample establishments in State and local government. Sample establishments are classified by industry
categories based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as defined by the U.S. Office of
Management and Budget. Within a sample establishment, specific job categories are selected to represent
broader major occupational groups such as professional specialty and technical occupations.

Current employment weights are used to calculate cost levels. The September 2002 cost levels were
calculated using the September 2002 employment counts from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Current
Employment Statistics (CES) program, benchmarked to the 2001 universe of all private nonfarm establishments.
In most instances, private industry employment counts were total employment estimates for 2-digit major
industry groups, such as primary metal manufacturing or food stores, as defined by the SIC system. Ina few
cases, 3- and 4-digit industry employment counts were used. These include the 4-digit aircraft manufacturing
industry (3721) and the 3-digit health care and educational industries. For more information on SIC coding, see
“BLS Establishment Estimates Revised to Incorporate March 2001 Benchmarks” in the June 2002 issue of



23

Standard errors relate to differences that occur from sampling errors, but not from nonsampling errors.
Nonsampling errors are not measured and include survey nonresponse and data collection and processing errors.
Survey nonresponse occurs when sample members are unwilling or unable to participate in the survey. Data
collection errors include inaccurate data by respondents and definitional difficulties. Processing errors include
errors in recording, coding, and entering data. Although nonsampling errors are not measured, BLS quality
assurance programs contain procedures for reducing such errors. These procedures include data collection
reinterviews, observed interviews, computer data edits, and systematic review of reports on which data are
recorded. Extensive field economist training also is conducted to maintain high data collection standards.

Comparing private and public sector data

Aggregate compensation cost levels in State and local government should not be directly compared with
those in private industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work activities
and occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part of private industry
work activities, but are rare in State and local government. White-collar occupations (largely professional
occupations including teachers) account for two-thirds of the State and local government workforce, compared
with one-half of private industry.

A detailed examination of differences in compensation levels and trends between private industry and
State and local government may be found in “Cost of Employee Compensation in Public and Private Sectors,”
Monthly Labor Review, May 1993, and “Compensation Cost Trends in Private Industry and State and Local
Governments,” Compensation and Working Conditions, Fall 1999.

Obtaining information

Articles, bulletins, and other information may be obtained by calling (202) 691-6199, sending an e-mail
message to ocltinfo@bls. gov, or visiting the Internet site (http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm). Information in
this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200;
Federal Relay Service Number: 1-800-877-8339.



18

Table 14. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by establishment employment size, and major industry and occupational group, September 2002
Benefit costs
Totat | Wages
Industry and tional group,
sty ay employment size compen- | and Supple- Retirement] Legally | Other
sation | salaries | zo. | Paid | mental | iciance | and | required | Mer,
leave | pay savings | benefits
Cost per hour worked by year
All workers in private industry $22.01 | $16.00 | $6.01} $1.45] soso | $1.45 $1.84 | $0.03
4-99 workers 1880 | 1409 | 4.71} 1.07 45 4.08 1.69 (?) :
100 or more workers 25.84 | 1828 | 755} 1.91 79 4.89 2.03
100-499 workers .. 22.32 | 1604 | 628] 1.46 68 4.60 1.85 03 |
500 or more work 30.16 | 21.04 | 912] 245 92 225 2.23 08
Goods-producing industries? 2564 | 1760 | 804] 166] 1.07 2.05 89 2.31

1-99 workers 2108 | 1551 | 638] 1.03 1.58 87 2.30 (2)

100 or more workers 28.69 19.29 9.39] 2.17 1.29 245 1.07 2.34 3) |
100-499 workers ..... zag | 1657 | 792] 156) 1.17 247 85 2.12 05 |
500 oF more workers 3sae7 | 2252 | 1115] 289] 1.44 277 1.32 2.55 18

Service-producing industries 2008 | 1555 | 543] 1.39 47 4.28 56 171

1-99 workers wait | 1377 | 434] 1.08 37 97 36 1.56 ()

400 or more workers 2479 | 1791 | Ges] 181 60 1.69 82 4,92
100-499 workers .. 2155 | 1586 | 570] 1.43 51 1.39 58 1.76 03
500 or more workers 28.84 | 2048 | 836] 2.28 73 2.06 1.13 2.42 05,

White-collar occupations 26.74 | 1971 | 7.03] 1.99 66 1.62 16 197
2281 | 1726 | sss] 154 St 4.24 51 174 | (2)
3081 | 2225 | 856] 245 at 2.01 4.02 22 07
2657 | 1949 | 7.08] 1.92 69 1.68 1 1.99 05
500 or more workers 36.29 | 25.15 | 10.14] 3.00 94 2.34 131 2.44 09
Blue-collar occupations 2059 | 1426 | 632] 1.15 75 1.66 70 2.04 03

1-99 workers 18.73 | 1345] 528] 87 87 131 51 2.02 (?)

100 or more workers 2289 | 1527 | 7.62} 1.49 97 2.09 94 2.06 06
100-499 workers .. 2050 | 1399} 651] 1.16 82 1.83 73 1.94 03
500 or more worke 2658 | 1725} 933] 201] 1.21 2.49 1.26 2.26 M4

Percent of total compensation
Alt workers in private industry 100.0 var | 273] 66 ar 66 29 84 O41
1.99 workers 100.0 749 | 25.4 87 24 57 22 90 @)
100 or more workers 100.0 707 | 292) 74 34 73 34 79 2
100-499 workers . 100.0 71.9 | 28.4 65 3.0 72 29 83 4
500 of more workers 100.0 sag | 302] 81 34 75 39 7A 3
Goods-producing industries? 100.0 34.4 42 8.0 35 9.0 2

4-99 workers 100.0 29.2 37 TA 34 10.5 (5)

4100 oF more wor 100.0 32.7 45 85 a7 81 4
100-499 workers. 100.0 32.3 48 89 35 87 2
500 or more workers 100.0 33.41 43 82 39 76 5

Service-producing industries* 100.0 29} 66 22 64 27 82 1

1.99 workers 100.0 240} 60 20 54 20 86 (5)

100 or more workers 100.0 278} 73 24 68 33 7 2
100-499 workers .. 100.0 265 | 66 24 65 27 82 1
500 or more worker 100.0 20] 79 25 7A 39 74 2

White-collar occupations .. 100.0 737 | 263] 74 25 61 28 74 4 |

1-99 workers 100.0 757 | 243) 68 22 5A 22 76 @) |

100 or more workers 100.0 722 | 278] 80 26 65 33 72 2
100-499 workers... 100.0 734 | 266] 7.2 26 63 28 75 2 |
500 or more workers 100.0 m3 | 27] 385 27 66 ar 69 3

Blue-collar occupations 100.0 e3 | so7| 56 3.6 84 34 99 a |

4-99 workers 100.0 718 | 282] 46 3.0 70 27 108 (8) i

400 or more workers 100.0 667 | 333] 65 42 ot 44 90 3 i
100-499 workers . 100.0 e382 | 318] 57 40 a9 36 95 a
500 or more workers 100.0 649 | 35.1 76 46 94 47 84 4

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 5 Less than .05 percent.

3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4 includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and —_Note: The sum of individuat items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 6. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
Private industry workers, by major occupational group, September 2002

Compensation All workers White cottar Blue collar Service |
‘component
Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent
Total compensation .. $22.01 | 100.0 | $2674. | 1000 | $2059 | 1000 | $11.15 | 1000
Wages and salaries 16.00 27 1971 737 14.26 69.3 8.54 766
Total benefits 6.01 27.3 7.03 26.3 6.32 30.7 2.60 23.3
Paid leave . 1.48 66 1.99 74 1.18 56 aT 42
Vacation 73 33 99 37 59 29 22 20
Holiday ... 49 22 87 25 Al 2.0 18 1.3 H
Sick AT 8 25 c) 10 5 07 6 i
Other. 08 3 08 3 05 2 02 2
‘Supplemental pay 60 27 66 25 75 3.6 19 Ww
Premium® .. 24 14 13 5 82 25 10 2
‘Shift differentials 06 3 06 2 07 3 04 4
Nonproduction bonuses mii 14 AT 18 16 8 06 5
Insurance 1.45 66 1.62 64 1.66 8.4 62 5.6 |
Life .. 04 2 05 2 04 2 (7) (3)
Health 1.34 61 447 55 1,55 75 59 53
‘Short-term disability 04 2 05 2 05 2 (7) (3) |
Long-term disability .. 03 4 05 2 02 a (7) (3) i
Retirement and savings 63 29 76 28 70 3.4 AT 15
Defined benefit 23 190 17 ‘6 44 20 07 8
Defined contribut AY 1.9 59 22 30 15 10 9
Legally required benefits 1.84 84 1.97 74 2.04 99 1.16 10.4
Social Securit 4.33 60 1.60 60 122 59 7 69 i
OASDI .. 1.07 49 128 48 99 48 63 BT |
Medicare vs we 26 4.2 32 42 23 14 1S 1.3
Federal unemployment insurance .. 03 a 03 a 03 1 04 4 }
‘State unemployment insurance ......... 10 5 09 3 14 5 08 7 i
Workers’ compensation ....... 38 17 24 a) 7 33 4 24
‘Other benefits> 03 a 04 A 03 a @) @)

1 includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work — OASDI portion and a Medicare portion, OASDI is the acronym for
schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays), Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3 Less than .05 percent.

4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an _Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



‘Table 3. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State and local
government, by selected characteristics,’ September 2002

Compensation All workers White collar occupations | Service occupations Service industries i
component Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent i
Total compensation $31.89 100.0 $35.43, 100.0 $24.26 100.0 $33.46 100.0 H
Wages and salaries 22.40 70.2 25.55 724 15.63 64.4 24.29 726 |
Total BENES eons 9.49 29.8 9.88 279 8.62 36.5 9.17 274
2.49 78 2.58 73 226 93 227 68
87 27 Bt 23 98 40 64 19
at 25 85 24 72 3.0 76 23
‘Sick 61 19 70 20 “1 17 66 20
Other 19 6 24 6 15 6 20 6
‘Supplemental pay .. 28 2 16 s 60 25 18 5
Premium? 13 4 05 a 30 42 06 2
Shift differentials ..... ne 08 2 04 a “13 8 05 4
Nonproduction bonuses ... 08 3 08 2 a7 7 07 2
Insurance . 2.98 93 3.12 88 2.50 103 2.97 89
Life 05 2 06 2 04 2 205 a
Health .. 2.83 89 2.99 84 2.35 97 2.85 85
Short-term disability . “04 4 02 A 09 4 02 4
Long-term disabitty .. 04 a 04 4 02 A “04 4
Retirement and savings 4.81 87 1.94 55 1.65 68 177 53
Defined benefit .. . 157 49 1.87 47 1.54 63 1.55 46
Defined contribution .... 23 7 2 8 1 5 2 7
|
Legally required benefits 1.89 59 2.01 57 1.57 65 4.92 57
Social Securi 1.48 48 1.69 48 98 40 1.60 48
OASDI 1.15 36 4.31 3B? 74 34 1.24 37
Medicare 4.4 38 41 23 9 36 14
Federal unemployment insurance “) (8) “) @) “) 2) (4) ®)
State unemployment insurance 1 04 4 05 2 04 1
Workers’ compensation 36 1 28 38 54 22 7 8
Other benefitsS .. 06 2 oT 2 06 2 o7 2
1 This table presents data for the two major occupational groups in State 3 The (otal employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI

and local governments: White-collar occupations, largely professional _portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors,
occupations, including teachers; and service occupations, including police and ——_and Disability Insurance.

firefighters; and one major industry group, services. The service industries, 4 Cost per hour worked is $0.04 or less.
which include health and educational services, employ a large part of the State 5 Less than .05 percent.
and local government workforce. © Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule
(such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 2. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Civilian

workers, by occupational and industry group, September 2002

Benefit costs
Total Wages
Series compen- | and ‘Supple- Retirement} Legally Other
sation | salaries Paid | mentat and required 1
Total | jeave pay | surance | savings | benefits | benefits
Cost per hour worked by year
Civitian workers .. si6.93 | so5t| si.co} $056} ste7 | soso | sis | $0.03
Occupational group
White-collar occupations 28.33 20.78 7.55 2.09 57 1,89 7 1.98 04
Professionat specialty 38.02 28.09 9.93 2.84 56 2.44 1.51 2.52 06
Professional specialty 4074 | 3027 | 1047] 3.03 53 2.56 1.68 2.62 o7
Nurses .. 3451 | 2502 | 949] 277] 1.21 1.84 99 2.65 02
Teachers .. 42.76 32.50 10.26 2.26 09 3.05 2.31 2.46 09
Technical .. 29.08 20.92 8.17 2.23 66 2.06 1.01 2.18 03
Executive, administrative, and managerial 4230 | 3043 | 1187} 366] 1.37 2.43 1.55 2.79 08
‘Administrative support, including clerical 1.66 | 1331 | 534} 1.34 zr 1.69 57 1.38 03
Blue-collar occupations .. 20.86 14,40 6.47 1,22 73 1.73 16 2.02 03
Service occupations 13.34 973 | 3.61 7 26 93 42 1.22 (7)
Industry group
Services .... (25.01 18.59 6.41 1.76 32 1.66 83 1,82 02
Health servi 25.13 18.21 6.93 2.16 St 1.64 73 1.88 (?)
Hospitals .. 27.63 19.34 8.29 2.42 7 2.14 88 2.06 02
Educational service: 34.20 25.25 8.95 2.48 At 2.82 1.78 2.00 06
Elementary and secondary education 33.49 24.88 8.61 1.90 08 3.03 1,65 1.85 09
Higher education .... 36.34 26.57 978 272 1S 2.60 2.08 2.24 (2)
Percent of total compensation
Civilian workers 100.0 722 | 278] 68 24 7A 34 79 O41
Occupational group
White-collar occupations 100.0 73.3 26.7 74 2.0 67 3.4 7.0 A
Professional specialty ar 100.0 73.9 26.1 75 45 64 40 66 2
Professional specialty 100.0 74.3 25.7 74 13 63 44 64 2
Nurses .. 100.0 725 27.5 8.0 35 5.3 29 wT a
Teachers .. 100.0 76.0 24.0 5.3 2 TA 54 5.8 2
Technical .. 100.0 71.9 28.4 77 23 7A 35 75 a
Executive, administrative, and managerial 100.0 719 28.1 87 3.2 57 37 66 2
Administrative support, including clerical .. 100.0 ne 28.6 72 18 94 34 74 2
Blue-collar occupations .. 100.0 690 | 310] 58 35 83 36 a7 A
Service occupations 100.0 729 a7 58 19 7.0 34 94 @)
Industry group
Services 100.0 74,3 7.0 13 66 33 7.3 1
Health services 100.0 725 86 20 65 29, 75 (3)
Hospitals . 100.0 70.0 88 28 7 32 15 1
Educational services 100.0 73.8 64 3 B2 5.2 58 2
Elementary and secondary education .. 100.0 74.3 57 2 9.0 49 55 3
Higher education x 73.4 75 4 72 57 62 (3)

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemptoyment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
> Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding,



Table 15. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
health services workers, by industry and occupational group, September 2002

19

Benefit costs
Total | Wages
Series compen: | and Supple- Retirement] Legally | Other
sation | salaries Paid | mental and | required 1
Total | jeave | pay | '5¥7N° | savings | benefits | benefits’
Cost per hour worked by year

Health services . $18.25 | $673] $211] $048} sise | $069 | $1.88 (2)
Professional specialty and technical 35.84 | 26.26 | 959) 3.39 79 4.86 98 255 (2)
Professional specially .. 43.27 | 3469 | 11.58] 4.48 3 2.02 1.27 291 (2)
Nurses 33.04 | 2439] 955] 288] 1.12 1.89 99 265 (2)
Technical 24.23 17.77 BAT] 1.72 81 1.62 52 1.99 @)
Administrative support, including clerical 16.34 | 11.91 | 443] 1.05 2 4.40 48 1.28 @)
Service occupations 13.79 | 1003] 376] a2 29 4112 30 1.23 @)

2770 | 1957] 813] 2.34 79 2.09 31 2.09 02
34.01 | 2425] 976} 293] 1.13 2.16 98 2.55 (2)
Professional specialty 37.61 | 2695 | 1066| 330] 1.23 2.20 4.13 279 (2)
Nurses 36.51 26.00 | 10.52 3.21 1.35, 2.12 4.07 275 (?)

Technical 25.39 | 1779 | 760) 203 89 2.08 62 1.99 02
Administrative suppor, including clerical 1839 | 1250} 589] 145 37 2.10 60 1.36 (7)
Service occupations. 16.05 40.82 6.22} 1.13 AB 1.92 42 4.33 (7)
Nursing homes. 16.35 12.14 4.21 wit 39 96 22 41.52 ()
Professional specialty and technical 24.05 | 1808 | 597] 14.66 70 1.04 36 2.20 ()
Professional specially .. 27.24 | 2049 | 6.75] 2.03 n 1.09 46 2.46 (2)
Technical ... 21.39 16.07 5.32 1.36 69 1.01 29 1.98 (7)
Service occupations 12.46 912 | 334] 76 33 88 16 1.20 ()

Percent of total compensation

Health services 73.1 28.9 8.4 49 62 28 75 (3)
Professional spec 73.3 26.8 95 22 52 27 TA (3)
Professional specialty 732 | 268 | 103 24 az 29 87 (3)
Nurses 719 | 281] 85 33 56 29 78 (3)
Technical 73.3 26.7 74 25 67 24 82 (3)
Administrative support, including clerical m9 | a1] 64 13 86 29 78 (3)
Service occupations .. 72.7 273 59 24 B41 22 89 @)
Hospitals 100.0 vos | 294} 84 29 75 29 75 a
Professional specialty and technic 100.0 713 | 27] 86 33 64 29 75 (3)
Professional specialty 100.0 m7 | 23} 88 33 58 3.0 74 @)
Nurses ... 100.0 m2 | 288 88 37 5.8 29 7 @e)
Technical 100.0 70.1 | 299] 80 35 a1 24 78 4
Administrative support, including clerical 100.0 680 | 320] 79 20 114 33 Ta «@)
Service occupations .. 674 32.8 7.0 27 12.0 26 83 (3)
Nursing homes. . 43 25.7 68 24 59 13 93 (3)
Professional specialty and technical 100.0 752 | 28] 69 29 43 15 94 @)
Professional specialty 100.0 752 | 2a] 75 26 40 47 9.0 @)
Technical ..... : 100.0 754 | 269] 64 3.2 47 14 93 @)
Service occupations .. 100.0 732 | 268} 64 26 TA 13 96 @)

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Less than .08 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



9

Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by major industry group, September 2002

Compensation All workers, Goods producing? | Service producing? | Manufacturing | Nonmanufacturing
‘component
Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent} Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent
Total compensation $22.01 | 100.0 | $25.64 | 100.0 | $20.98 | 100.0 | $2533 | 100.0 | s21.41 | 1000
Wages and salaries 16.00 | 727 | 17.60 | 686 | 1555} 74.1 | 1722] 680 | 1578 | 737
Totat benefits .. 601 | 273 8.04 | 314 543 | 259 ai | 320 563 | 263
Paid leave 1.45 66 1.66 65 1.39 66 1.92 78 4.36 64
73 33 85 34 69 33 97 38 68 32
49 22 60 23 47 22 70 28 46 24
17 8 13 5 18 9 15 6 17 8
06 3 08 3 06 3 10 4 05 2
‘Supplemental pay .. 60 27 1.07 42 AT 22 1.13 45 1 24
Premium? 24 1A 55 24 16 8 ‘BT 23 “19 9
Shifl differentials 06 3 08 3 05 2 at 4 05 2
Nonproduction bonuses 30 14 45 18 26 12 45 18 27 13
Insurance 1.85 66 2.05 8.0 1.28 64 2.18 85 1.32 62
Life 04 2 08 2 04 2 08 2 04 2 |
Heal — 134 61 1.88 73 1.48 56 1.97 78 1.22 87
Short-term disability 04 2 07 3 03 4 08 3 03 4
Long-term disability 03 a 03 4 03 4 04 2 03 4
Retirement and savings ... 63 29 89 35 56 27 14 29 62 29
Defined benefit .. 2B 1.0 44 17 16 8 31 42 24 1.0
Defined contribution . At 19 45 18 40 19 43 17 40 19
Legally required benefits 1.84 84 231 90 171 82 2.08 82 1.80 84
Social Security 4.33 6.0 4.50 59 1.29 64 4.48 58 1.31 64
1.07 49 4.24 47 1.03 49 4.19 47 1.05 49
Medicare 26 12 29 at 5 12 29 14 26 12
Federal unemployment insurance .. 03 4 03 4 03 + 03 4 03 4
State unemployment insurance ... “10 5 12 5 ‘09 A 1 4 09 4
Workers’ compensation... 38 Ww 66 26 30 14 46 18 37 17
‘Other benefits> 03 A 06 2 02 a 09 4 02 a1
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing, portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors,
2 Includes transportation, communication, and pubiic utilities; wholesale and and Disability Insurance.
retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries. © Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
3 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule
{Such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.

4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASD!



United States
Department
of Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212

Technical Contact: USDL: 02-674
(202) 691-6199 ocltinfo@bls.gov
Media Contact: FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. (EST)
(202) 691-5902 WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 11, 2002
Internet address:

http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm

EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION--SEPTEMBER 2002

In September 2002, employer costs for employee compensation for civilian workers in private industry
and State and local government in the United States averaged $23.44 per hour worked, the U.S. Department of
Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries, which averaged $16.93, accounted for
72.2 percent of these costs, while benefits, which averaged $6.51, accounted for the remaining 27.8 percent.
(See table 1.)

Legally required benefits averaged $1.85 per hour (7.9 percent of total compensation), representing the
largest non-wage employer cost. Employer costs for paid leave benefits averaged $1.60 (6.8 percent), insurance
benefits averaged $1.67 (7.1 percent), and retirement and savings benefits averaged 80 cents (3.4 percent) per
hour worked.

Private Industry

In September 2002, private industry employer compensation costs averaged $22.01 per hour worked.
Wages and salaries averaged $16.00 per hour (72.7 percent), while benefits averaged $6.01 (27.3 percent.) (See
table 5.)

Employer costs for paid leave averaged $1.45 per hour worked (6.6 percent), supplemental pay averaged
60 cents (2.7 percent), insurance benefits averaged $1.45 (6.6 percent), retirement and savings averaged 63 cents
(2.9 percent), and legally required benefits, the largest non-wage component, averaged $1.84 (8.4 percent) per
hour worked.

NOTE: The schedule for the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation has changed from an annual
March release to a quarterly publication. Releases will be issued for March, June, September, and
December. See page 21 for details.



12

Table 8. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry

workers, by establishment employment size, September 2002

Compensation All workers 1-99 workers | 400 workers or more| 100-499 workers | 500 workers or more
‘component Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent

Total compensation 100.0 | $18.80 | 100.0 | $25.84 | 100.0 | $22.32 | 1000 | $30.16 | 100.0
Wages and salaries .. 1600 | 727 | 1409 | 749 | 1828 | 707 | -1604| 719 | 2104] 698
Total benefits .. 601 | 273 an | 254 755 | 29.2 628 | 28.4 912} 302
Paid leave 4.45 66 1.07 57 1.91 74 1.46 65 2.45 a4
Vacation . 3 33 83 28 95 37 73 33 1.23 at
Holiday 49 22 37 20 84 25 50 22 Bt 27
Sick .. AT 8 13 7 22 2 16 7 29 10
Other 08 3 04 2 09 3 07 3 a2 4
‘Supplemental pay .. 60 27 45 24 79 34 68 3.0 2 34
Premium? 24 1 19 4.0 34 1.2 29 1.3 35 12
Shift differentials 06 3] @) @) aM 4 o7 3 16 5
Nonproduction bonuses 30 14 2 13 36 14 32 14 at 14
1.45 66 1.08 57 4.89 73 4.60 72 2.25 75
04 2 03 2 06 2 04 2 o7 2
1.34 64 1.01 54 173 67 1.47 66 2.04 68
04 2 02 4 08 2 08 2 08 3
Long-term disability 03 4 02 a 05 2 04 2 06 2
Retirement and savings 83 29 42 22 29 34 65 29 4.18 39
Defined benefit .. 23 40 13 7 35 14 24 14 AT 1.6
Defined contributior “1 19 29 15 54 24 at 18 an 24
Legally required benefits 1.84 84 1.69 90 2.03 79 1.85 83 2.23 74
Social Security* 1.33 6.0 1AT 62 1.53 59 1.35 6.0 177 59
OASDI 41.07 49 94 50 1.23 48 1.08 48 1.42 47
Medicare seve 26 12 2B 12 30 12 26 4.2 35 12
Federal unemployment insurance .. 03 4 03 2 03 4 03 a 03 4
State unemployment insurance 10 5 09 5 10 4 1 5 09 3
‘Workers’ compensation 38 7 40 24 36 14 37 17 35 12
Other benefitsS .. 03 1 | (?) (3) 08 2 03 4 08 3

7 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule

(such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
3 Less than .05 percent.

4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI

portion and @ Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors,

and Disability insurance.

5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



YW

Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by
region and bargaining status, September 2002

Region? Bargaining status
Compensation 5 5
component Northeast South Midwest West Union Nonunion
Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent
Total compensation .... $25.20 | 100.0 | $19.73 | 1000 | $21.62 | 100.0 | $23.04 | 100.0 | $30.06 | 1000 | $21.03 | 100.0
Wages and salaries raoa | 716 | 1452] 736 | 1554] 719 | t692] 734] 1969] 55 | 1555] 730
Total benefits 716 | 28.4 521 | 264 608 | 28.4 612 | 266 | 1037 | 345 548 | 26.1
1.84 73 124] 63 1.38 64 150] 65 | 213] 74 137 6s
4 37 62 | 34 69 32 15} 33 110} 37 68 32
62 25 42 24 48 22 7] 22 69 23 a7 22
22 3 15 8 14 6 19 8 24 8 “16 8B
08 3 05, 3 07 3 05 2 10 3 06 3
78 3.0 so} 25 a” 33 31 22 105 | 3.5 55 | 26
fur 22 9 22 14 30 14 24] 10 e7 | 22 49 9
Shift differentials 7 06 2 04 2 08 4 05 2 16 3 “05 2
Nonproduction bonuses 46 18 23} 12 3 15 2B 10 24 7 3a 15
1.70 67 128] 65 1.52 79 140] 64 200] 96 127 | 60
05 2 04 2 04 2 4 2 07 2 04
1.56 62 a7 | 59 1.40 65 131 87 270 | 90 117 86
06 2 04 2 05 2 03 a 08 3 93 1
03 1 03 2 04 2 03 a 05 2 03 1
Retirement and savings 82 33 51 26 64 30 65] 28 168 51 24
Defined benefit 2B 44 16 & 28 13 22 4.0 120} 40 at 5
Defined contribution .. 54 24 35 18 36 17 43 19 49 16 40 19
Legally required benefits 202 | 80 1.65 a4 179 8 204} 89 | 254 84 176 | 84
Social Security. 148 | 59 122 | 62 131 61 141 64 167 | 56 129 | 6.1 i
OASDY en 118 | 47 98] 50 105] 49 113} 49 135 | 45 1.04 49
Medicare . 30 412 26 42 28 12 2B 42 "32 W 26 12 H
Federal unempioym 03 4 03 2 03 1 03 4 03 4 03 1
State unemployment insurance 14 6 07 4 09 4 12 5 13 4 09 4
Workers’ compensation 36 14 34 417 36 7 maa} o24 a 24 34 16 |
Other benefits .. 04 2 03 2 04 2 02 1 08 3 02 4
‘The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, 2 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as. i

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, _overtime, weekends, and holidays). |

and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, 3 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability
Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: linois, Indiana, Insurance.

jowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South 4 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii,
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming, Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 4. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation:
local government, by occupational and industry group, September 2002

: State and

Benefit costs
Total | Wages
Series compen- | and ‘Supple- Retirement| Legally | ower
sation | salaries Paid | mental and | required 4
Total | eave | pay | SANE} savings | benefits | benefits
Cost per hour worked by year
State and local government workers . $31.0 | $22.40 | so49| s24o} $0.28 | s2o6 | $181 | siso | $0.08
‘Occupational group
White-collar occupations .... 3543 | 2555) 9a5| 258] 16] 3.12 1.94 2.01 97
Professional specialty and technical - aia5 | 30.74 | 1071] 255) 17] 328 231 230 ‘09
Professional specially azas | 3191] 1093] 256| 15} 338 240 235 40
Teachers as4a | 3436 | 11.11] 239] 08 | 3.49 264 241 cr
‘Technical 271s | 4869 | sac| 244 45 | | 231 1139 181 05
Executive, administrative, and managerial goat | 2771 | 1210] 4.02 138 | 336 223 227 ‘04
Administrative support, inckiding clerical . 2072 | 1373] 698] 187 73 | 264 401 130 ‘04
Blue-collar occupations .. 2.30 | 1653] 873} 235] 41] 289 1:32 1.76 04
Service oceupations 2426 | 1563] 862] 226 so | 280 1.65 4187 06
Industry group
Services . 3346 | 24.29} 917] 227 18 | 297 m7 1.92 07
Health services 2656 | 47.80} 876} 265] 71 | 238 416 1.85 ‘04
Hospitals .. 2735 | 1840] 895| 274] ‘69 | 238 419 491 ‘04
Educational services 3500 | 25.76 | 924] 219/ 11 | 304 190 | 492 ‘07
Elementary and secondary education . 34.17 | 2534] 883| 193] ‘08 | 3.17 173 183 40
Higher education .. en 3759 | 27.39] 1020] 282] 17 | 280 227 ana | (2)
Public administration 29.27 | 1930 | 997) 287| 48 | 290 tot 179 06
Percent of total compensation
State and local government workers . 1.0 | 72 | 28] 78} 09 93 57 | ‘59 02
Occupational group
White-collar occupations tooo | 721 | 279] 73 5 88 55 87 2
Professional specially and technical . 4000 | 742 | 258 | 62 4 79 56 55 2
Professional specialty . 1000 | 745 | 255 | 60 ‘4 79 56 55 2
Teachers 1000 | 755 | 244 | 53 2 77 58 53 2
Technical ooo | 688 | 312] 90} 17 35 Sa 67 2
Executive, administrative, and managerial 100.0 | 696 | 304] 101 5 84 56 57 4
‘Administrative suppor, including clerical 100 | 663 | 337] 90 3 | 127 49 63 2
Blue-coltar occupations .. sooo | 653 | m7] 93] 16 | 114 52 70 2
Service occupations tooo | 644 | 355} 93] 25 | 103 68 65 2
Industry group
Services . yoo | 726 | 274| 68 5 89 83 BT 2
Health services ooo | 670 | 330] 100} 27 90 43 70 2
Hospitals 100.0 | 673 | 327] 100] 25 87 4a 70 4
Educational services joo.o | 736 | 264 | 63 3 87 54 55 2
Elomentary and secondary educal ooo | 742 | 258) 56 2 93 54 54 3
Higher education .. ooo | 729 | 271 | 75 3 74 6.0 s7 | (3)
Public administration tooo | 659 | 341] eB] 15 99 65 64 2

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
> Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individuat items may not equal totals due to rounding.



22

Employment and Earnings. For State and local governments, employment counts ranged from those for 3-digit
industries, such as education and health care, to those for major industry divisions, such as public administration.

Employment data from these 2-, 3-, and 4-digit industries were distributed to major occupational groups
(such as executives, administrators, and managers or machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors) using the
relative importance of the groups in the Employment Cost Index (ECI) sample. Because the ECI establishment
sample is completely replaced over a period of several years, major occupational group employment counts from
the ECI are affected by the age of the sample. However, a few years’ difference in the age of the occupational
data within industries is likely to have a small impact on the estimates.

In contrast, the ECI, which measures the change in employer costs for employee compensation, is
calculated with fixed 1990 employment counts to prevent employment shifts among occupations and industries
from influencing the changes. Therefore, changes in Employer Costs for Employee Compensation will differ
from those in the ECI.

Historical data and related articles on the ECEC are included in the bulletin, Employer Costs for
Employee Compensation, 1986-99 (Bulletin 2526). An historical summary from 1986 through 2002 is also
available on the Internet site (http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm) or upon request. Information on how costs
are calculated appears in “ Measuring Trends in the Structure and Levels of Employer Costs for Employee
Compensation,” Compensation and Working Conditions, Summer 1997. An article on changes in employer
compensation costs, “Tracking Changes in Benefit Costs,” appears in Compensation and Working Conditions.
Spring 1999.

Relative Standard Errors

Because the ECEC is a sample survey, it is subject to sampling errors. Sampling errors are differences
that occur between the results computed from a sample of observations and those computed from all
observations in the population. The estimates derived from different samples selected using the same sample
design may differ from one another. A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is the standard
error. It can be used to measure the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the
expected result of all possible samples. The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an estimate from the survey
differs from a complete population figure by less than the standard error. The chances are about 90 out of 100
that this difference would be less than 1.6 times the standard error. All the statements of comparisons appearing
in this publication are significant at a 1.6 standard error level or better, unless otherwise indicated. This means
that for differences cited, the estimated difference is greater than 1.6 times the standard error of the difference.

The relative standard error (RSE) is shown with the cost estimates for some series in the appendix table.
The RSE for all estimates will be available shortly after the release is issued. This information can be obtained
directly from the BLS Internet site (http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm), by e-mail request (ocltinfo@bls.gov),
or by telephone (202) 691-6199.

For a more detailed explanation of relative standard errors, see “Measuring Trends in the Structure and
Levels of Employer Costs for Employee Compensation,” Compensation and Working Conditions, Summer 1997.
For a detailed explanation of how to use standard error data to analyze differences in year-to-year changes, see
"Analyzing Year-to-Year Changes in Employer Costs for Employee Compensation," Compensation and Working
Conditions, Spring 1998. This article supplements an article from the Summer 1997 issue of Compensation and
Working Conditions, "Explaining the Differential Growth Rates of the ECI and ECEC,” which examined how
differences in the construction of these measures contribute to differing trends.



Table of Contents:
Table 1. Civilian workers, by major occupational group 5
Table 2. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group 6
Table 3. State and local government, by selected characteristics 7
Table 4. State and local government, by occupational and industry group 8 |
Table 5. Private industry, by major industry group 9 |
Table 6. Private industry, by major occupational group 10
Table 7. Private industry, by region and bargaining status 11
Table 8. Private industry, by establishment employment size 12
Table 9. Private industry, by major occupational and industry group, and full-time
and part-time status 13
Table 10. Private industry, by occupational and industry group 14
Table 11. Private industry, workers in goods-producing and service-producing industries, by
occupational group 15
Table 12. Private industry, workers in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries, by
occupational group 16
Table 13. Private industry, by bargaining status, and major industry and occupational group 17
Table 14. Private industry, by establishment employment size, and major industry and
occupational group 18
Table 15. Private industry, workers in health services, by industry and occupational group 19
Table 16. Private industry, workers in transportation equipment manufacturing and
public utilities, by industry and occupational group 20
Explanatory notes 21
Appendix table. Employer costs per hour worked for components of compensation, and relative
standard errors, by major industry and occupational categories, September 2002 24 i



15

Table 11. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
goods-producing and service-producing workers, by occupational group, September 2002

Benefit costs:
Total Wages
Series compen- | and Supple- Retirement] Legally | Gino,
sation | salaries Paid | mental and | required 1
Total | jesve | “pay” | Insurance| vings | benetts | benelis
Cost per hour worked by year
All workers, goods-producing industries? $17.60 | $8.0¢] si.66| $1.97 | $205 | $089 | $231 | $0.06
White-collar occupations 24,28 10.27 2.81 1.36 2.45 1.03 2.50 12
Professional specialty and technical .. 27.01 11,65 3.53 1,06 2.86 1.24 2.76 9
Professional specialty .. 31.03 13.05 4.18 1.01 2.98 151 3.09 28
Technical .. . 20.68 | 943] 251] 1.14 268 80 2.24 08
Executive, administrative, and manageri 4738 | 3311 | 1428] 382| 2.89 2.68 1.40 3.38 10
Administrative support, including clerical 24.44 14,65. 6.45 1.55 70 2.01 5S 1.61 03
Blue-collar occupations zasi | 1526 | 726] 1.25 26 1.91 85 2.25 04
Precision production, craft, and repair 27.22 | 1869) 853] 1.42 96 2.44 4.22 2.78 05
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 20.19 13.26 6.94 1.38 1.12, 1.98 58 1.82 06
Transportation and material Moving ..nenen 2436 | 1613 | 923) 123] 1.14 2.49 1.01 2.62 05
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 16.29 11.46 4.82 87 58 1.26 50 1.81 (3)
Service occupations .... sensanece| 19.37 12.63 6.73 116 1.84 1.70 AQ 1.58 05
All workers, service-producing industries* 20.98 15.55 5.43 1.39 AT 1,28 56 ATt 02
White-collar Occupations... 25.74 19.412 6.61 1.83 57 1.51 72 1.91 03
Professionat specialty and technical 36.02 26.81 9.21 2.89 69 1.90 111 2.60 02
Professional specialty 38.77 29.00 9.77 3.20 74 1.91 1.15 2.75 03
Technical leesonnnensesssvensnaes 29.19 21.35 7.83 213 59 1.88 99 2.23 02
Executive, ‘administrative, and managerial . aes 41.80 30.53 11.27 3.52 1.33, 243 1.40, 2.80 08
Sales 645 | 1283) 363] 81 32 83 27 4.40 @)
Administrative support, including clerical 17.91 13.05 4.86 1.20 33 1.45 48 1.37 02
Blve-collar OCCUPALIONS «......:ssseren 18,52 13.19 5.32 1.04 52 1.39 55 1.84 02
Precision production, craft, and repair 25.48 | 18.14) 734] 1.76 79 173 31 2.23 o2
Transportation and material moving 19.25 13.47 5.79 97 54 1.53 69 2.03 03
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 13.84 995 | 389] 63 35 144 33 4.42 ()
Service occupations. 11.03 B48 2.54 46 AT 60 16 415 @)
Percent of total compensation
All workers, goods-producing industries? 100.0 68.6 31.4 65 42 8.0 35 9.0 02
White-collar occupations .... soon 100.0 70.3 29.7 81 3.9 7A 3.0 7.2 3
Professional specialty and technical 100.0 69.9 30.1 91 27 74 3.2 71 5
Professional specialty 100.0 704 | 296 | 95 23 68 34 70 6
Technical enn 100.0 037 | 313] 83 38 89 27 74 2
Executive, administrative, and managerial. 100.0 69.9 | 30.1 a4 6.4 ST 30 TA 2
Administrative support, including clerical 100.0 694 | 306 | 73 33 95 27 76 4
Bive-collar occupations 100.0 e7a | 323 | 56 43 85 38 10.0 2
Precision production, craft, and repair 100.0 687 31.3 52 35 78 45 10.2 2
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. 100.0 657 | 344] 68 55 98 29 9.0 3
Transportation and material moving 100.0 662 | 338 | 50 az 3.0 at 108 2
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 100.0 70.3 296 an 3.6 1 34 WA @)
Service occupations 652 | 347] 60 93 88 22 82 3
All workers, service-producing industries? . 100.0 744 25.9 66 22 641 27 82 1
White-collar occupations ........ 100.0 74.3 25.7 73 22 59 28 74 4
Professional specialty and technical 100.0 44 25.6 8.0 19 5.3 34 72 a
Professional specialty 100.0 748 | 252| 83 19 49 3.0 74 a
Technical ... seen ss 100.0 734 | 28] 73 20 64 34 76 a
Executive, admit istrative, and manag ial 100.0 73.0 27.0 84 3.2 5.1 33 67 2
Sales 100.0 730 | 221 | 49 19 50 16 85 (8)
Administrative support, including clerical 100.0 729 | 274 | 67 18 84 27 76 a
Blue-cotlar occupations. ... se 100.0 71.2 28.7 5.6 28 75 3.0 98 a
Precision production, craft, and repair 100.0 12 28.8 69 34 68 3.2 Ba A
Transportation and material moving 100.0 70.0 | 304 | 50 28 79 36 105 2
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 100.0 719 | 24} 46 25 82 24 103 «@)
Service occupations 100.0 769 | 230 | 42 15 5A 15 104 @)

* includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

2 includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and

retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
5 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



7

Table 13. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by bargaining status, and major industry and occupational group, September 2002

Benefit costs
Total | Wages
Series compen: | and Supple- Retirement] Legally | other
sation | salaries Paid | mental and | required 4
Total | Cave | “pay | msurance | csyings | benefits | Penefis'
Cost'per hour worked by year
All union workers, private industry .. sieeo | $1037] $213] $1.05] $290 | si6a | $254 | $0.08
Blue-collar occupations 19.19 | 11.03] 202} 1.21 3.08 190} 273 10
‘Goods-producing industries? .. 3178 | 2002] 11.76] 202] 1.58 3.18 2.03 2.83 a3
Service-producing industries? 2880 | 1945 | 9.35] 2.21 68 269 1.43 2.33 04
Manufacturing mee 28.36 | 1808 | 10.28] 229] 1.61 2.83 1.04 2.35 16
‘Blue-collar occupations . ‘| 2784 | 1759] 10.25] 225) 1.63 281 1.04 2.36 16
‘Nonmanufacturing 30.79 | 2038 | 1041} 206 31 2.93 1.95 2.62 04
All nonunion workers, private industry . 2103 | 1555 | 548] 1.37 55 4.27 51 1.76 02
Blue-collar occupations .. . 17.82 | 1285 | 497 90 62 1.25 36 1.84 (4)
‘Goods-producing industries? ... 2403 | 1696 | 7.07] 1.56 94 178 59 247 05
Service-producing industries? 2030 | 1521 | 509] 132 45 416 49 1.66 02
Manufacturing . 2452 | 17.00} 793] 1.82] 1.00 4.97 66 2.01 07
Blue-collar occupations 1870 | 1277 | 593} 115 85 167 47 177 02
Nonmanufacturing 2048 | 1533 | 5.16] 1.30 48 1.16 48 172 02
Percent of total compensation
All union workers, private industry 100.0 os | a5] 7.1 35 9.6 56 a4 03 ;
Blue-collar occupations... 500.0 635 | 365] 67 40 10.1 63 9.0 3 |
‘Goods-producing industries? ..... vn 100.0 630 | 370} 64 50 10.0 64 89 4
Service-producing industries? ...... 100.0 67.5 32.5 7 23 9.3 5.0 81 1
Manufacturing . 100.0 esa | 362] 84 57 10.0 37 83 6
Blue-collar occupations ..... . 100.0 632 | 368} 81 59 10.4 37 85 6
Nonmanufacturing ... 100.0 662 | 338 | 67 26 95 63 85 4 '
All nonunion workers, private industry ..... 100.0 739 | 261] 65 26 6.0 24 84 4 :
Blue-collar occupations ..... 100.0 724 | 279} 5.4 35 70 20 103 @)
Goods-producing industries? seset 100.0 70.6 29.4 65 39 7.3 25 9.0 2
Service-producing industries? 100.0 749 | 25.4 65 22 57 24 82 4
Manufacturing 100.0 693 | 307] 74 4A 80 27 82 3
Blue-collar occupations .. 100.0 683 | 317] 64 45 89 25 95 4
Nonmanufacturing .... 100.0 749 | 221 63 23 57 23 84 4
1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 4 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 5 Less than .05 percent.

3 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and
retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



3
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, September 2002

Chart A. Relative importance of employer costs |
for employee compensation, September 2002. |

Compensation Civitian |State and local] Private

component workers | government | industry
Wages and salaries 72.2% 70.2% 72.7%

| Benefits 278 29.8 27.3
| Paid leave 68 78 66
Supplemental pay 24 9 27
insurance 7A 93 66
Health benefits 66 89 61
Retirement & savings 34 87 2.9
Defined benefit 18 49 14.0

Defined contribution 1.6 7 49)

Legally required 79 59 a4 |
| Other benefits a 2 A

Chart B. Employer costs for employee compensation, State and local government, September 2002

All Workers

White-collar occupations

Professional specialty and technical
Professional specialty

Teachers

Technical

Executive, administrative, and managerial
Administrative support, including clerical

Blue-collar occupations

Service occupations

Service industries

Health services

Hospitals.

Educational services

Elementary and secondary education
Higher education

Public administration peat eaertenes

9 % $2 $8 & @ & 4
Cost per hour worked

Bureau of Labor Statistics, OCLT/SPCB, 202.691.6199 ocltinfo@bls.gov _http://Awww.bis.gov/nes/ecthome.htm Dec 2002



Compensation costs in State and local governments

In September 2002, employer costs in State and local governments averaged $31.89 per hour worked. |

Wages and salaries, which accounted for 70.2 percent of the total, averaged $22.40, while benefits, which |
accounted for the remaining 29.8 percent, averaged $9.49. (See table 3.) i
i

Among State and local government employees, average hourly compensation costs were higher for
white-collar occupations ($35.43) than for blue-collar ($25.30) and service occupations ($24.26). Wages and
salaries averaged $25.55 per hour worked for white-collar occupations, $16.53 for blue-collar occupations, and
$15.63 for service occupations. Wages and salaries accounted for about the same proportion of total
compensation for blue-collar employees (65.3 percent) and service employees (64.4 percent); for white-collar
employees, wages and salaries represented a significantly higher proportion of total compensation (72.1 percent).
(See table 4.)

Employer costs for insurance benefits ranged from $2.50 per hour, or 10.3 percent of total compensation,
for service occupations, to $3.12 per hour worked, or 8.8 percent of total compensation, for white-collar
occupations for State and local employees. For blue-collar occupations, employer insurance costs averaged

_ $2.89, or 11.4 percent of compensation. The largest component of insurance costs is for health insurance,
averaging $2.83 for State and local government employees.

In September 2002, the average cost for retirement and savings benefits was $1.81 per hour worked in
State and local governments (5.7 percent of total compensation.) Included in this amount were employer costs
for defined benefit plans, which averaged $1.57 per hour (4.9 percent), and for defined contribution plans, which
averaged 23 cents (0.7 percent). Defined benefit plans specify a formula for determining future benefits while
defined contribution plans specify employer contributions, but do not guarantee future benefits. |

A major component of benefit costs is paid leave, including vacations, holidays, sick leave, and other
leave such as personal leave, military leave, and funeral Jeave. The average cost for paid leave was $2.49 per
hour worked for State and local employees. Among occupational groups, the average cost for white-collar
workers was $2.58 (7.3 percent of total compensation); blue-collar workers averaged $2.35 (9.3 percent), and
service workers averaged $2.26 (9.3 percent).

Costs for legally required benefits, including Social Security, unemployment insurance (both State and
Federal), and workers’ compensation, averaged $1.89 per hour worked for State and local employees. The
average cost for white-collar workers was $2.01, blue-collar workers averaged $1.76, and service workers
averaged $1.57 per hour worked.



13

Table 9. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by major occupational and industry group, and full-time and part-time status, September 2002

Benefit costs
Total ‘Wages
Series compen- | and Supple- Retirement! Legally | oie,
sation | salaries Paid | mental and required 4
Total | ave pay | Insurance | cavings | benefits | benefits
Cost per hour worked by year
All full-time workers in private industry $24.94 | $17.84 | $7.09] $1.77} so73 | $1.76 | $0.78 |. $202 | $0.04 |

White-collar occupations 2990 | 2176 | 3|14] 237 7 1.92 a 2.43 05 !
Sale 22.04 | 17.19 | 5.25] 127 48 4.32 a2 1.73 02 i
Administrative support, including clerical 19.46. | 1385 | 561! 1.41 42 173 56 1.45 03 |

Blue-collar occupations 21.72 14.94 6.78 1.25 82 1.79 76 242 03 i

Service occupations 13.38 9.79 3.59 74 28 1.00 28 1.28 () |

Goods-producing industries? . 2593 | 1779] 819] 1.70] 1.10 2.10 a 2.33 07 i
Construction 25.92 18.24 7.68 92 96 1.71 125 2.83 (7) |
Manufacturing ov 25.73 17.45 8.28 1.97 4.16 2.20 75 2.40 09 |

Service-producing industries 24.53 17.87 6.67 1.80 1.63 73 1.90 03 i
‘Transportation and public utilities 3211 | 2199 | 1012] 246] 4.12 2.60 133 2.56 05 i
Wholesale trade 25.18 | 1799 | 7.19} 1.64 83 1.94 70 2.05 04 i
Retail trade ..... 1553 | 1200] 3.53 77 24 89 2 4.40 ?) |
Finance, insurance, and real estate .. 30.92 20.71 9.21 2.34 1.31 2.16 1.23 2.06 1 H

2497 | 1844 | 653] 198 39 1.55 70 490 | (2) i
|
12.21 9.83 2.38 3B 18 40 16 125 (2) |

White-collar occupations 15.10 12.48 292 57 25 49 24 1.39 @ ) |
Sales .. 9.27 7.65 1.62 23 10 21 10 99 (2) |
Administrative support, including clerical ... 13.47 10.74 2.73 53 18 62 21 1.19 ( 2 ) i

Blue-collar occupations 11.96 9.09 | 2.87 35 20 64 26 4.44 (@) |

‘Service occupations 8.63 714 | 1.49 15 09 19 04 4.02 () i

Goods-producing industries? . 1387 | 10.97] 290} 40 16 a 2B 165 | (2)

Service-producing industries* 12.16 978 | 237 38 18 40 15 1.24 @) i
Retail trade ... 8.53 7.04 1.50 16 08 20 08 97 @) {
Service industries 15.54 12.57 297 37 27 49 a 1.46 (2)

Percent of total compensation |
Ail full-time workers in private industry 100.0 715 28.4 7 29 7A 3.1 84 02

‘White-collar occupations 100.0 728 27.2 7.9 26 64 3.0 7A 2
Sales ..... 100.0 76.6 23.4 57 24 5.9 19 77 a
Administrative support, including clerical 100.0 71.2 28.8 72 22 8.9 29 75 2

Blue-collar occupations 400.0 68.8 31.2 5.8 38 8.2 35 98 a

Service occupations 400.0 732 | 268 | 55 24 75 24 96 (8)

Goods-producing industries? .. 100.0 eas | 315 | 65 42 81 38 9.0 3
Construction 100.0 7o4 | 296 | 35 37 66 48 10.9 (a) i
Manufacturing 100.0 67.8 322 77 45 8.6 29 8.2 3

Service-producing industries 100.0 728 | 272} 73 24 66 3.0 77 a
Transportation and public utilities 100.0 68.5 315 7 35 81 44 8.0 2
Wholesale trade 100.0 714 286 65 3.3 77 28 8.1 2
Retail trade .. 100.0 73 | 227] 50 45 BT 14 90 (8)

Finance, insurance 100.0 702 | 298] 7.6 42 70 40 67 4

Services 100.0 73.8 26.2 79 16 6.2 28 76 (3)

All part-time workers in private industry 100.0 19.5 15 33 13 10.2 (3)

White-collar occupations 100.0 19.3 47 32 14 92 @)

Sales .. 100.0 175 44 23 14 10.7 «3)
Administrative support, including clerical 100.0 20.3 1.3 46 16 88 (3) !

Blue-collar occupations 100.0 24.0 AT 54 22 11.8 (5)

Service occupations 100.0 17.3 4.0 22 5 1.8 (5)

Goods-producing industries? 100.0 20.9 29 12 3.0 20 11.9 (8)

Service-producing industries 100.0 19.5 34 15 33 1.2 10.2 (5)

Retail trade .. 100.0 178 19 9 23 9 114 (8)
Service industries 100.0 419.4 37 17 32 14 94 @)
1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service Industries.
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 5 Less than .05 percent. |

3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



16

Table 12. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as'a percent of total compensation:
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing workers, by occupational group, September 2002

Benefit costs
Total | Wages
Series compen- | and Supple- Retirement] Legally | ier
sation | salaries Paid | mental and | required 1
Totat | jeave | pay | Mourance | savings | benefits | Denefis

Cost per hour worked by year

All workers, manufacturing industries $17.22 | $811} $1.92] $1.23 | $2.15 $0.74 $2.08

White-collar occupations a 24.67 10.44 3.03 1.23, 2.54 1,02 247
Professional specialty and technical 30.12 | 27.30 | 1183] 366] 1.05 287 125 2.78
Professional specialty 43.60 | 3073 | 1287] 4.18 94 2.93 1.44 3.08
Technical .. 3104 | anit | 99s} 272] 1.25 276 90 225
Executive, administrative, ragerial .. 49.80 35.23 14.56 4.40 2.58 2.82 1.35 3.27
Administrative support, including clerical .. 21.38 14.68 6.70 1.65 3 242 54 1.63
Blue-collar occupations. 2121 | 1410} 742] 146] 1.06 1.99 62 1.93 08 |
Precision production, craft, and repai 2650 | 17.73 | 877] 197] 1.24 227 84 2.36 09
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 20.14 13.20 6.94 1.38 142 2.00 58 1.80 06
‘Transportation and material moving 2181 | 1463 | 718! 1.37 99 1.92 61 221 i
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ... 15.85 10.85 4.99 89 62 1.51 AQ 1.54
‘Service occupations: 20.45 13.09 7.36 1,30 2.04 1.89 48 1.59 06
All workers, nonmanufacturing industries .. 2141 | 1578 | 563] 1.36 st 132 62 1.80 02
White-collar occupations 25.92 | 1922} 669] 1.88 60 1.53 73 4.92 03
Professionat specialty and technical .. 36,00 26.77 9.24 2.88 70 1.92 4.44 2.60 02
Professional specialty 38.89 | 2906 | 983} 321 75 1.93 4.47 2.75 03
Technical .. 2908 | 2125 | 7ar} 211 60 1.90 97 2.22 02
Executive, administrative, ag 4185 | 3041 | 1144] 346] 1.48 2.15 141 285 07
S AICS vos cseseeeeneen 16.55 12.91 3.64 81 32 84 27 1.40 (?)
Administrative support, including clerical .. WOT 13.09 4.88 1.20 34 1.45 48 1.38 02
Blue-collar occupations 20.26 | 1435} sot] 99 59 4.49 Roy 2.09 02
Precision production, craft, and repé 26.54 18.74 7.81 1.41 a7 1.85 1.13 2.64 02
‘Transportation and material moving .. 7 20.14 13.95. 6.19 98 62 1.64 78 245 03
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .... 14.46 10.42 4.04 58 39 1.10 39 1.57 (7)
Service occupations .... 11.03 8.49 2.54 46 17 60 16 415 (?)
Percent of total compensation
All workers, manufacturing industries .. 100.0 68.0 32.0 76 45 85 29 8.2 04
White-collar occupations 100.0 703 | 27} 86 35 72 29 70 4
Professional specialty and technical .. 100.0 69.8 30.2 o4 27 73 3.2 7 &
Professional specialty .. 100.0 70.5 295 96 22 67 33 71 7
Technicad .. 100.0 68.0 32.0 88 40 Bo 29 72 2
Executive, administrative, and managerial 100.0 707 | 202] 88 52 87 27 66 3
Administrative support, including clerical .. 100.0 68.7 31.3 V7 34 99 25 76 2
Blue-collar occupations 100.0 66.5 33.6 69 5.0 94 29 ot 3
Precision production, craft, and repail 100.0 66.9 33.1 74 47 86 3.2 89 3
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors 100.0 655 | 345] 69 56 98 29 89 3
Transportation and material moving .. 100.0 e714 | 329) 63 45 88 28 10.1 4
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 100.0 685 | 315] 56 39 95 28 97 @)
Service occupations 100.0 640 | 360] 64] 100 92 23 78 3
Ail workers, nonmanufacturing industries 100.0 737 26.3 6.4 24 62 29 84 1 |
White-collar occupations 100.0 74.2 25.8 73 23 59 28 74 4
Professional specialty and technical. 100.0 74 | 257] 80 19 53 34 72 4
Professional specialty 400.0 747 | 253] 83 19 50 30 7A 4
Technical 100.0 731 | 269} 73 24 65 33 76 4
Executive, administrative, and managerial 100.0 727 | 273] 83 35 54 34 638 2
Sales .. 100.0 78.0 | 220 49 19 5.4 1.6 85 @) |
Administrative support, including clerical 100.0 728 | 272] 67 19 a4 27 17 4 i
Blue-collar occupations 100.0 7os | 292] 49 2. 74 37 103 4
Precision production, craf, and repair 100.0 706 | 294] 53 29 70 43 99 4
Transportation and material moving 100.0 693 | 307] 49 3. at 39 107 A
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers. 100.0 724 27.9 40 27 76 27 10.9 { 3 7
Service occupations 100.0 77.0 23.0 42 18 54 15 10.4 @) H

1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. |
2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totats due to rounding. |
3 Less than .05 percent. |

|