Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-16-0823 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 29, 2016 

 

Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • ncsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ect 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • pressoffice@bls.gov 

EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – MARCH 2016 

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.6 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month 

period ending in March 2016, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries

(which make up about 70 percent of compensation costs) increased 0.7 percent, and benefits (which 

make up the remaining 30 percent of compensation) increased 0.5 percent. (See chart 1 and tables A, 1, 

2, and 3.) 

Civilian Workers 

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 1.9 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 

2016. In March 2015, compensation costs increased 2.6 percent. Wages and salaries increased 

2.0 percent for the current 12-month period, and increased 2.6 percent for the 12-month period ending in 

March 2015. Benefit costs increased 1.7 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2016. In 

March 2015, the increase was 2.7 percent. (See chart 2 and tables A, 4, 8, and 12.) 

Private Industry Workers 

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 1.8 percent over the year, lower than the 

March 2015 increase of 2.8 percent. Wages and salaries increased 2.0 percent for the current 12-month 

period. In March 2015, the increase was 2.8 percent. The increase in the cost of benefits was 1.2 percent 

for the 12-month period ending in March 2016, significantly lower than March 2015 when the increase 

was 2.6 percent. (See charts 3 and 4 and tables A, 5, 9, and 12.) 

Chart 2. Twelve-month percent changes, not seasonally 

adjusted, in civilian workers, wages and salaries and 

benefits 

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits

Chart 1. Three-month percent change, seasonally 

adjusted, in civilian workers, compensation 

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
- 2 - 

Chart 5. Twelve-month percent changes, not seasonally adjusted, 

in state and local government, wages and salaries and benefits 

Employer costs for health benefits increased 3.3 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2016,

and increased 2.5 percent in March 2015. (For further information, see 

www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf.) 

Among occupational groups, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-month 

period ending in March 2016 ranged from 1.4 percent for sales and office occupations to 2.5 percent for 

production, transportation, and material moving occupations. (See table 5.) 

Among industry supersectors, compensation cost changes for private industry workers for the current 

12-month period ranged from -1.7 percent for information to +2.8 percent for trade, transportation and 

utilities. (See table 5.) 

State and Local Government Workers 

Compensation costs for state and local 

government workers increased 

2.4 percent for the 12-month period 

ending in March 2016. In March 2015, 

the increase was 2.1 percent. Wages and 

salaries increased 1.8 percent for the 

12-month period ending in March 2016, 

the same increase as the 12-month 

period ending in March 2015. Benefit 

costs increased 3.5 percent for the 12-

month period ending in March 2016, a 

higher rate than in the prior year when 

the increase was 2.8 percent. (See 

chart 5 and tables A, 7, 11, and 12.) 

 

Chart 4. Twelve-month percent changes, not seasonally 

adjusted, in private industry, wages and salaries and 

benefits 

0

2

4

6

8

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits

0

2

4

6

8

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

 Wages and salaries

 Benefits

Chart 3. Twelve-month percent changes, not 

seasonally adjusted, in private industry, benefits and 

health benefits 

0

2

4

6

8

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

Health benefits

Benefits
- 3 - 

The Employment Cost Index for June 2016 is scheduled to be released on 

Friday, July 29, 2016, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT). 

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request— 

Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

BLS news releases, including the ECI, are available through an e-mail subscription service at: 

www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index

(Percent change)

CIVILIAN WORKERS1

Compensation2 0.5 0.6 2.6 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9

Wages and salaries 0.5 0.7 2.6 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0

Benefits 0.6 0.5 2.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7

PRIVATE INDUSTRY

Compensation2 0.5 0.6 2.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8

Wages and salaries 0.6 0.7 2.8 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0

Benefits 0.4 0.5 2.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2

STATE AND LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT

Compensation2 0.8 0.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.4

Wages and salaries 0.5 0.4 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8

Benefits 1.2 0.6 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.5 3.5

1

 Includes private industry and state and local government.

2

 Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

Mar. 2016

12-month, not seasonally adjusted

Category

3-month,

seasonally adjusted

Dec. 2015 Mar. 2016 Mar. 2015 June 2015 Sept. 2015 Dec. 2015
- 4 - 

TECHNICAL NOTE 

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of 

employment shifts among occupations and industries. Detailed information on survey concepts, 

coverage, methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation can be found in BLS Handbook of Methods, 

Chapter 8, “National Compensation Measures,” Bureau of Labor Statistics, on the Internet at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf. 

Sample size 

Data for the March 2016 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 

28,900 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,900 private industry establishments 

and approximately 8,800 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,500 state and local 

government establishments that provided data at the initial interview. 

Standard Errors 

To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of Employment Cost Index (ECI) series, standard errors of 

all current quarter estimates except seasonally adjusted series are made available shortly after publication 

of the news release. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to ensure that 

it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. For further information see: 

www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectvar.htm. 

Health insurance data 

Data from the ECI that provide 12-month percent changes in employer costs for health insurance in 

private industry are available at www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf. 

Historical listings 

Historical listings that provide all ECI data are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Included among 

these listings is one that provides continuous occupational and industry series. This listing uses the 

Standard Industrial Classification Manual and Census of Population series through 2005 and the North 

American Industry Classification System and Standard Occupational Classification from 2006 to the 

present. It provides the official series from the beginning of the ECI in 1975 through the current quarter. 

For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article published in the 

Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf. 

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data 

The costs per hour worked of compensation components, based on data from the ECI, are published in a 

separate news release titled "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation" (ECEC). These releases are 

issued 3 months after the reference period. The ECEC release dates are available at: 

www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/2016_sched.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in summary 

documents at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights 

rather than the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually 

differ from those in the ECI. 
- 5 -

 Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 by occupational group and industry 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

- 5 -

 Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 by occupational group and industry 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes(Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months ended–

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2014

Jun.

2014

Sep.

2014

Dec.

2014

Mar.

2015

Jun.

2015

Sep.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

 

 Civilian workers

All workers2 125.2 126.0 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.6

 Industry

 Goods-producing industries3 123.3 123.9 .6 .4 .6 .5 .6 .7 .4 .7 .5

 Manufacturing 123.0 123.6 .7 .5 .6 .6 .7 .6 .5 .7 .5

 Service-providing industries4 125.7 126.5 .3 .8 .7 .5 .6 .1 .6 .5 .6

 Education and health services 126.0 126.5 .3 .5 .4 .7 .5 .5 .5 .6 .4

 Educational services 126.2 126.6 .5 .3 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .3

 Elementary and secondary schools 125.8 126.4 .4 .4 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .8 .5

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

126.7 127.0 .5 .4 .4 .7 .6 .6 .6 .5 .2

 Health care and social assistance5 125.9 126.4 .2 .6 .3 .7 .5 .4 .4 .5 .4

 Hospitals 126.2 126.7 .2 .5 .4 .4 .5 .5 .4 .6 .4

 Nursing and residential care facilities 121.9 122.8 .2 .3 .5 .6 .5 .6 .5 .4 .7

 Public administration 129.2 130.0 .6 .8 .4 .6 .4 .6 .5 .6 .6

 Private industry workers

All workers 124.6 125.4 .3 .8 .7 .5 .7 .0 .6 .5 .6

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 125.5 126.1 .2 .9 .7 .5 .5 .2 .6 .6 .5

 Management, business, and financial 126.0 126.6 .2 1.2 .7 .4 .6 -.1 1.0 .6 .5

 Professional and related 125.1 125.7 .3 .7 .5 .6 .5 .2 .4 .5 .5

 Sales and office 124.1 125.2 .3 .8 .7 .7 1.2 -.7 .7 .5 .9

 Sales and related 120.2 121.1 .1 .8 .8 1.0 2.2 -2.2 .9 .2 .7

 Office and administrative support 126.8 128.1 .4 .8 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 1.0

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 125.1 125.8 .5 .9 .5 .6 .3 .2 .4 .5 .6

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

125.0 126.0 .4 .5 .4 .7 .4 .6 .4 .4 .8

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 125.2 125.6 .6 1.3 .7 .5 .1 .0 .3 .6 .3

 Production, transportation, and material moving 123.8 124.7 .7 .5 .6 .5 .7 .6 .5 .7 .7

 Production 122.6 123.3 .8 .3 .6 .6 .7 .6 .6 .7 .6

 Transportation and material moving 125.5 126.6 .6 .7 .7 .3 .8 .7 .4 .5 .9

 Service occupations 123.2 124.3 .1 .4 .8 .5 .7 .2 .4 .5 .9

 Industry

 Goods-producing industries3 123.2 123.8 .6 .5 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5 .7 .5

 Construction 123.2 123.8 .3 .3 .6 .5 .3 .7 .6 .7 .5

 Manufacturing 123.0 123.6 .7 .5 .6 .6 .7 .6 .5 .7 .5

 Aircraft manufacturing 110.6 112.5 2.0 .7 2.0 .5 .3 .4 -.6 .5 1.7

 Service-providing industries6 125.0 125.9 .2 .9 .7 .5 .7 -.1 .6 .4 .7

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 125.2 126.7 .3 .8 1.0 .5 .4 .5 1.0 .1 1.2

 Retail trade 124.6 126.7 .3 .4 .9 .6 .6 1.0 .8 .6 1.7

 Transportation and warehousing 126.7 128.2 .5 .7 .7 .5 .4 .8 .6 .4 1.2

 Utilities 135.0 135.7 .5 .5 .7 .6 1.1 .7 .9 .7 .5

 Information 123.0 123.8 .7 4.7 .2 .5 1.0 -3.7 .7 .3 .7

 Financial activities 124.1 124.4 .3 .5 .5 .5 .8 .5 .2 .7 .2

 Finance and insurance 124.5 124.5 .1 .6 .4 .6 .7 .6 .2 .9 .0

 Credit intermediation and related 

 activities

123.4 124.1 .1 .7 .6 .6 .7 .7 .6 .4 .6

 Insurance carriers and related activities 126.5 126.9 .3 .5 .0 .6 .7 .4 .6 1.1 .3

 See footnotes at end of table.
- 6 -

 Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 by occupational group and industry – Continued 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

- 6 -

 Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 by occupational group and industry – Continued 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes(Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months ended–

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2014

Jun.

2014

Sep.

2014

Dec.

2014

Mar.

2015

Jun.

2015

Sep.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

 

 Industry

 Real estate and rental and leasing 122.7 123.9 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.0 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.0

 Professional and business services 126.6 127.4 .2 1.1 .7 .5 1.3 -1.0 1.0 .6 .6

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 128.5 129.5 .3 .6 .6 .3 2.0 -1.7 .9 .4 .8

 Administrative and support and waste

 management and remediation services

123.9 124.8 -.3 2.2 1.1 .6 .3 -.2 1.1 .4 .7

 Education and health services 125.4 125.9 .2 .6 .3 .7 .5 .4 .3 .5 .4

 Educational services 125.8 126.4 .2 .4 .7 .5 .6 .3 .2 .5 .5

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

126.9 127.2 .2 .6 .4 .6 .4 .5 .4 .5 .2

 Health care and social assistance5 125.3 125.8 .2 .6 .3 .7 .3 .5 .3 .5 .4

 Hospitals 125.9 126.4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .6 .3 .6 .4

 Nursing and residential care facilities 120.3 121.2 .3 .2 .4 .5 .3 .6 .5 .3 .7

 Leisure and hospitality 121.8 123.1 .3 .3 .8 .3 .7 .6 .0 .6 1.1

 Accommodation and food services 122.1 123.6 .3 .2 .8 .3 .6 .4 .2 .6 1.2

 Other services, except public administration 125.3 125.3 -.4 .3 .7 -.1 1.0 .6 .6 .4 .0

 State and local government workers

All workers 127.9 128.5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .8 .5

 Industry

 Education and health services 126.7 127.2 .4 .4 .6 .5 .6 .6 .7 .7 .4

 Educational services 126.3 126.7 .5 .4 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .8 .3

 Schools 126.2 126.7 .5 .4 .6 .5 .6 .6 .7 .7 .4

 Elementary and secondary schools 126.1 126.6 .4 .4 .7 .4 .6 .6 .6 .9 .4

 Health care and social assistance5 130.1 130.9 -.2 .6 .6 .4 .9 .4 .5 .8 .6

 Hospitals 127.5 128.3 -.3 .7 .2 .4 .5 .4 .5 .6 .6

 Public administration 129.2 130.0 .6 .8 .4 .6 .4 .6 .5 .6 .6

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 

 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration. 

 5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 

 6 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care 

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 
- 7 -

 Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes(Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months ended–

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2014

Jun.

2014

Sep.

2014

Dec.

2014

Mar.

2015

Jun.

2015

Sep.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

 

 Civilian workers

All workers1 123.7 124.6 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.7

 Industry

 Goods-producing industries2 123.2 124.0 .4 .6 .5 .6 .6 .7 .6 .7 .6

 Manufacturing 123.2 123.9 .5 .6 .5 .6 .7 .7 .6 .7 .6

 Service-providing industries3 123.9 124.7 .3 .7 .7 .5 .7 .2 .6 .5 .6

 Education and health services 122.8 123.3 .3 .4 .4 .6 .5 .5 .3 .5 .4

 Educational services 121.1 121.5 .3 .3 .5 .4 .5 .5 .4 .4 .3

 Elementary and secondary schools 120.0 120.4 .3 .3 .6 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

122.8 123.2 .4 .3 .4 .7 .5 .7 .4 .4 .3

 Health care and social assistance4 124.8 125.4 .2 .6 .3 .7 .4 .5 .3 .6 .5

 Hospitals 124.9 125.6 .3 .3 .3 .5 .4 .6 .5 .5 .6

 Nursing and residential care facilities 120.7 121.5 .2 .2 .4 .5 .7 .6 .6 .4 .7

 Public administration 122.3 122.9 .3 .6 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .3 .5

 Private industry workers

All workers 124.3 125.2 .3 .7 .7 .5 .7 .2 .7 .6 .7

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 125.7 126.6 .3 .7 .7 .4 .5 .5 .7 .6 .7

 Management, business, and financial 126.4 127.4 .3 .9 .9 .2 .7 .2 1.1 .8 .8

 Professional and related 125.3 126.1 .3 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6

 Sales and office 123.6 124.6 .2 .6 .8 .8 1.7 -1.1 .8 .4 .8

 Sales and related 120.8 121.4 .0 .7 1.0 1.2 3.1 -3.0 1.0 .2 .5

 Office and administrative support 125.7 127.1 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .7 1.1

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 123.6 124.4 .5 .6 .5 .6 .3 .7 .2 .5 .6

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

123.0 124.2 .4 .7 .3 .7 .3 .5 .3 .5 1.0

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 124.3 124.8 .6 .4 .7 .4 .3 .9 .2 .5 .4

 Production, transportation, and material moving 122.9 123.9 .6 .6 .8 .3 .7 .6 .5 .7 .8

 Production 122.1 122.9 .7 .4 .7 .5 .5 .6 .6 .7 .6

 Transportation and material moving 123.9 125.2 .7 .8 .8 .2 .8 .7 .3 .6 1.1

 Industry

 Goods-producing industries2 123.3 124.0 .4 .6 .5 .6 .6 .7 .6 .7 .6

 Construction 122.5 123.1 .3 .3 .6 .6 .5 .7 .6 .8 .5

 Manufacturing 123.2 123.9 .5 .6 .5 .6 .7 .7 .6 .7 .6

 Aircraft manufacturing 132.3 132.8 .8 .6 .6 .7 .8 .7 .7 .6 .4

 Service-providing industries5 124.6 125.5 .2 .8 .7 .5 .8 .1 .6 .5 .7

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 124.0 125.2 .2 .9 1.3 .3 .4 .4 1.1 .1 1.0

 Retail trade 124.9 126.4 .3 .5 1.1 .6 .6 1.1 .8 .6 1.2

 Transportation and warehousing 124.6 126.2 .7 .7 .7 .4 .5 .7 .4 .6 1.3

 Utilities 132.0 132.7 .6 .6 .7 .5 .8 .5 .6 .5 .5

 Information 121.3 122.7 .4 .8 .1 .7 .6 .4 .7 .4 1.2

 Financial activities 124.4 124.8 .5 .3 .6 .5 .8 .5 .2 .8 .3

 Finance and insurance 125.3 125.4 .3 .2 .6 .6 .7 .5 .2 1.0 .1

 Credit intermediation and related 

 activities

122.1 122.7 .1 .3 .8 .6 .6 .7 .7 .4 .5

 Insurance carriers and related

 activities

125.5 126.3 .4 .1 -.3 .4 .7 .2 .7 1.4 .7

 See footnotes at end of table.
- 8 -

 Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry – Continued 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

- 8 -

 Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry – Continued 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes(Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months ended–

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2014

Jun.

2014

Sep.

2014

Dec.

2014

Mar.

2015

Jun.

2015

Sep.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

 

 Industry

 Professional and business services 126.6 127.7 0.2 1.1 0.8 0.4 1.6 -1.2 1.1 0.6 0.9

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 128.6 130.0 .2 .9 .7 .2 2.7 -2.3 1.2 .5 1.1

 Administrative and support and waste

 management and remediation services

124.3 125.4 -.3 1.8 1.0 .5 .2 .4 1.2 .4 .9

 Education and health services 124.6 125.3 .2 .6 .2 .7 .5 .5 .2 .5 .6

 Educational services 124.3 125.0 .2 .5 .6 .4 .7 .2 .2 .5 .6

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

124.6 125.1 .0 .5 .4 .6 .4 .3 .4 .3 .4

 Health care and social assistance4 124.7 125.3 .2 .6 .2 .8 .4 .5 .3 .5 .5

 Hospitals 125.2 125.8 .4 .4 .3 .5 .4 .6 .4 .6 .5

 Nursing and residential care facilities 120.4 121.2 .3 .2 .3 .6 .5 .8 .5 .4 .7

 Leisure and hospitality 122.9 124.3 .5 .3 .8 .4 .7 .6 .0 .6 1.1

 Accommodation and food services 123.2 124.7 .3 .3 .9 .4 .7 .3 .2 .6 1.2

 Other services, except public administration 125.6 125.6 -.4 .5 .7 .2 .8 .7 .6 .6 .0

 State and local government workers

All workers 121.6 122.1 .3 .3 .6 .4 .4 .5 .4 .5 .4

 Industry

 Education and health services 121.0 121.4 .3 .3 .5 .4 .5 .5 .4 .5 .3

 Educational services 120.5 120.9 .3 .2 .6 .4 .4 .5 .5 .4 .3

 Schools 120.4 120.9 .4 .2 .6 .4 .4 .5 .5 .3 .4

 Elementary and secondary schools 119.9 120.3 .3 .2 .7 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3

 Health care and social assistance4 125.2 125.6 -.1 .4 .5 .3 .5 .5 .5 .7 .3

 Hospitals 123.8 124.4 -.1 .3 .4 .3 .2 .5 .5 .5 .5

 Public administration 122.3 122.9 .3 .6 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .3 .5

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration. 

 4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 

 5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 
- 9 -

 Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry 

 

 (Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes(Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3 months ended–

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2014

Jun.

2014

Sep.

2014

Dec.

2014

Mar.

2015

Jun.

2015

Sep.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

 

 Civilian workers

All workers1 128.7 129.3 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.5

 Private industry workers

All workers 125.3 125.9 .3 1.2 .5 .5 .5 -.2 .5 .4 .5

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 124.9 124.9 .2 1.2 .6 .6 .6 -.5 .3 .5 .0

 Sales and office 125.3 126.7 .4 1.2 .3 .5 .1 .2 .6 .5 1.1

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 128.2 128.5 .6 1.6 .6 .6 .1 -.5 .6 .5 .2

 Production, transportation, and material moving 125.6 126.3 .7 .3 .6 .6 1.0 .6 .6 .6 .6

 Service occupations 124.4 125.2 -.2 .2 .5 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .6

 Industry

 Goods-producing industries2 123.2 123.5 .9 .2 .8 .4 .5 .6 .2 .7 .2

 Manufacturing 122.6 123.1 1.2 .1 .9 .5 .8 .5 .2 .8 .4

 Service-providing industries3 126.2 126.9 .2 1.4 .5 .5 .6 -.4 .5 .3 .6

 

 State and local government workers

All workers 140.6 141.4 .7 .9 .4 .7 .7 .8 .8 1.2 .6

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 
- 10 -

 Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for civilian workers, by occupational group and 

 industry 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 10 -

 Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for civilian workers, by occupational group and 

 industry 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

 

 Civilian workers

All workers2 123.6 125.1 126.0 0.7 0.4 0.7 2.6 2.0 1.9

 Excluding incentive paid occupations3 123.6 125.3 126.2 .7 .5 .7 2.2 2.0 2.1

 

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 123.9 125.7 126.4 .6 .4 .6 2.4 2.0 2.0

 Management, business, and financial 124.1 126.0 126.7 .6 .3 .6 2.8 2.2 2.1

 Professional and related 123.9 125.6 126.2 .6 .5 .5 2.2 2.0 1.9

 Sales and office 123.7 124.4 125.6 1.1 .2 1.0 3.3 1.7 1.5

 Sales and related 121.4 120.2 120.9 1.9 .0 .6 4.9 .9 -.4

 Office and administrative support 125.0 127.0 128.4 .6 .5 1.1 2.3 2.3 2.7

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 123.9 125.4 126.1 .3 .3 .6 2.2 1.5 1.8

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

123.3 125.3 126.1 .2 .4 .6 2.0 1.8 2.3

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 124.5 125.5 126.2 .5 .2 .6 2.5 1.3 1.4

 Production, transportation, and material moving 122.1 124.1 125.1 .9 .5 .8 2.3 2.6 2.5

 Production 120.5 122.6 123.5 .8 .7 .7 2.2 2.6 2.5

 Transportation and material moving 124.0 125.9 127.1 .9 .2 1.0 2.5 2.4 2.5

 Service occupations 123.7 125.2 126.3 .7 .4 .9 2.3 1.9 2.1

 Industry

 Goods-producing industries4 121.1 123.2 123.8 .6 .6 .5 2.1 2.3 2.2

 Manufacturing 120.8 122.8 123.7 .8 .6 .7 2.3 2.5 2.4

 Service-providing industries5 124.1 125.4 126.3 .8 .3 .7 2.7 1.9 1.8

 Education and health services 124.0 126.0 126.5 .5 .6 .4 2.1 2.1 2.0

 Educational services 123.7 126.2 126.5 .5 .6 .2 2.1 2.5 2.3

 Elementary and secondary schools 123.1 125.8 126.2 .4 .6 .3 2.0 2.6 2.5

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

124.5 126.7 127.0 .5 .2 .2 2.0 2.3 2.0

 Health care and social assistance6 124.3 125.8 126.5 .5 .4 .6 2.1 1.7 1.8

 Hospitals 124.4 126.1 126.8 .5 .5 .6 1.7 1.9 1.9

 Nursing and residential care facilities 120.1 121.8 122.8 .6 .3 .8 1.8 2.0 2.2

 Public administration 126.9 129.1 130.0 .4 .5 .7 2.2 2.1 2.4

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 

 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

 3 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. 

 4 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration. 

 6 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 
- 11 -

 Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group 

 and industry 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 11 -

 Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group 

 and industry 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

 

 Private industry workers

All workers 123.2 124.5 125.4 0.8 0.4 0.7 2.8 1.9 1.8

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 123.1 124.6 125.7 .7 .4 .9 2.2 2.0 2.1

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 123.8 125.3 126.0 .7 .3 .6 2.6 1.9 1.8

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 123.5 124.7 125.6 .7 .3 .7 2.2 1.7 1.7

 Management, business, and financial 123.9 125.7 126.5 .7 .2 .6 3.0 2.2 2.1

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 123.9 125.0 125.9 .9 .2 .7 2.7 1.8 1.6

 Professional and related 123.7 124.9 125.7 .7 .3 .6 2.2 1.6 1.6

 Sales and office 123.4 123.9 125.1 1.2 .2 1.0 3.4 1.6 1.4

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 123.3 125.4 126.9 .6 .5 1.2 2.1 2.3 2.9

 Sales and related 121.3 120.1 120.8 1.9 .0 .6 4.9 .9 -.4

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 120.7 123.0 124.5 .5 .3 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.1

 Office and administrative support 124.6 126.6 128.1 .6 .6 1.2 2.3 2.3 2.8

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 123.6 124.9 125.7 .3 .2 .6 2.3 1.4 1.7

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

123.1 125.1 125.8 .2 .4 .6 2.0 1.8 2.2

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 124.1 124.8 125.6 .5 .2 .6 2.6 1.1 1.2

 Production, transportation, and material moving 121.7 123.7 124.7 .9 .5 .8 2.4 2.6 2.5

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 121.7 123.9 125.0 .8 .6 .9 2.3 2.7 2.7

 Production 120.4 122.5 123.4 .8 .7 .7 2.2 2.6 2.5

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 120.6 122.7 123.6 .9 .7 .7 2.3 2.7 2.5

 Transportation and material moving 123.5 125.3 126.6 .9 .2 1.0 2.6 2.4 2.5

 Service occupations 122.0 123.2 124.4 .7 .5 1.0 2.3 1.7 2.0

 Industry and occupational group

 Goods-producing industries3 121.0 123.2 123.8 .6 .6 .5 2.1 2.4 2.3

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 121.4 123.3 124.1 .7 .5 .6 2.1 2.2 2.2

 Management, professional, and related 120.3 122.1 122.8 .8 .5 .6 2.1 2.3 2.1

 Sales and office 121.4 125.4 125.1 .2 1.0 -.2 2.5 3.5 3.0

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

122.7 124.8 125.5 .2 .4 .6 1.9 1.9 2.3

 Production, transportation, and material moving 120.2 122.2 123.0 .8 .7 .7 2.2 2.4 2.3

 Construction 120.7 123.4 123.5 .0 .7 .1 1.8 2.2 2.3

 Manufacturing 120.8 122.8 123.7 .8 .6 .7 2.3 2.5 2.4

 Management, professional, and related 121.1 122.6 123.8 1.0 .3 1.0 2.5 2.3 2.2

 Sales and office 122.7 126.3 126.5 .6 .9 .2 2.3 3.5 3.1

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

122.2 124.5 125.3 .5 .6 .6 2.0 2.4 2.5

 Production, transportation, and material 

 moving

119.9 121.9 122.7 .8 .7 .7 2.2 2.5 2.3

 Aircraft manufacturing 111.3 110.1 113.3 .9 -.1 2.9 3.6 -.2 1.8

 See footnotes at end of table.
- 12 -

 Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group 

 and industry – Continued 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 12 -

 Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by occupational group 

 and industry – Continued 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

 Service-providing industries4 123.8 124.9 125.9 0.8 0.3 0.8 2.8 1.7 1.7

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 123.7 125.1 126.2 .7 .3 .9 2.3 1.9 2.0

 Management, professional, and related 124.5 125.9 126.6 .6 .3 .6 2.6 1.8 1.7

 Sales and office 123.6 123.8 125.1 1.4 .2 1.1 3.5 1.6 1.2

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

124.8 125.3 125.9 .5 .2 .5 2.7 .9 .9

 Production, transportation, and material moving 123.6 125.6 127.0 .9 .2 1.1 2.6 2.5 2.8

 Service occupations 122.0 123.2 124.4 .7 .5 1.0 2.4 1.7 2.0

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 123.2 125.0 126.7 .5 -.2 1.4 2.7 2.0 2.8

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 123.2 125.4 127.2 .8 .3 1.4 2.2 2.6 3.2

 Wholesale trade 123.2 123.4 124.4 -.1 -1.0 .8 3.3 .1 1.0

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 123.5 125.4 126.5 .8 .0 .9 2.2 2.4 2.4

 Retail trade 121.5 124.5 126.5 .5 .4 1.6 2.5 3.0 4.1

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 120.7 123.2 125.4 .7 .5 1.8 1.9 2.8 3.9

 Transportation and warehousing 124.6 126.3 128.3 .8 -.1 1.6 2.3 2.2 3.0

 Utilities 132.1 134.3 135.8 1.6 .1 1.1 3.0 3.3 2.8

 Information 126.0 122.7 123.9 1.3 .0 1.0 6.1 -1.4 -1.7

 Financial activities 122.2 123.8 124.2 1.0 .5 .3 2.3 2.3 1.6

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 123.2 124.7 125.9 1.1 .2 1.0 2.5 2.4 2.2

 Finance and insurance 122.2 124.1 124.3 .9 .6 .2 2.3 2.5 1.7

 Credit intermediation and related 

 activities

121.3 123.1 124.0 .8 .2 .7 2.4 2.3 2.2

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 125.4 126.7 128.2 1.0 .3 1.2 2.9 2.1 2.2

 Insurance carriers and related activities 123.7 126.1 126.9 .9 .9 .6 1.8 2.9 2.6

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 124.1 125.9 126.8 1.1 .1 .7 2.7 2.5 2.2

 Real estate and rental and leasing 122.0 122.6 124.0 1.5 .2 1.1 2.4 2.0 1.6

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 125.2 126.2 127.5 1.3 .2 1.0 2.5 2.1 1.8

 Professional and business services 126.1 126.5 127.5 1.5 .5 .8 3.6 1.9 1.1

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 129.3 128.3 129.8 2.4 .4 1.2 3.6 1.6 .4

 Administrative and support and waste

 management and remediation services

122.1 124.0 124.6 .1 .5 .5 4.3 1.6 2.0

 Education and health services 123.8 125.4 125.9 .4 .4 .4 2.0 1.7 1.7

 Educational services 124.3 126.0 126.1 .3 .3 .1 2.2 1.7 1.4

 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and 

 professional schools

125.1 127.0 127.1 .2 .3 .1 2.0 1.8 1.6

 Health care and social assistance5 123.8 125.3 125.9 .5 .5 .5 2.0 1.7 1.7

 Hospitals 124.1 125.8 126.4 .5 .5 .5 1.7 1.9 1.9

 Nursing and residential care facilities 118.6 120.2 121.2 .3 .3 .8 1.5 1.7 2.2

 Nursing care facilities2 118.7 120.8 121.4 .3 .4 .5 1.6 2.1 2.3

 Leisure and hospitality 120.5 121.8 123.2 .8 .7 1.1 2.0 1.8 2.2

 Accommodation and food services 120.8 122.1 123.7 .7 .7 1.3 1.9 1.7 2.4

 Other services, except public administration 123.4 125.0 125.5 1.3 .0 .4 1.9 2.6 1.7

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 

 2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. 

 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 

 5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 
- 13 -

 Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by bargaining status 

 and census region and division 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 13 -

 Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for private industry workers, by bargaining status 

 and census region and division 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Bargaining status and census region and division Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

 

 Bargaining status

 Union 127.4 128.7 129.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 3.2 1.6 1.7

 Goods-producing industries2 123.0 125.4 125.9 .5 .7 .4 2.0 2.5 2.4

 Manufacturing 118.1 120.4 121.1 .6 .9 .6 2.3 2.6 2.5

 Service providing industries3 130.8 131.4 132.7 .6 .5 1.0 3.8 1.1 1.5

 Nonunion 122.5 123.8 124.7 .8 .3 .7 2.6 1.9 1.8

 Goods-producing industries2 120.4 122.5 123.2 .6 .6 .6 2.1 2.3 2.3

 Manufacturing 121.6 123.5 124.4 .8 .5 .7 2.4 2.4 2.3

 Service providing industries3 123.1 124.2 125.2 .9 .2 .8 2.8 1.8 1.7

 Census region and division4

 

 Northeast

125.3 125.6 127.3 1.7 .4 1.4 4.0 1.9 1.6

 New England 130.6 127.7 131.2 4.6 .1 2.7 7.5 2.3 .5

 Middle Atlantic 123.4 124.8 125.9 .7 .5 .9 2.7 1.8 2.0

 South 123.2 124.6 125.1 .4 .2 .4 2.2 1.5 1.5

 South Atlantic 124.2 125.6 126.0 .6 .2 .3 2.4 1.8 1.4

 East South Central 120.7 122.4 123.1 .8 .6 .6 1.9 2.2 2.0

 West South Central 122.6 123.6 124.1 .0 .0 .4 1.9 .8 1.2

 Midwest 121.2 122.5 123.4 .7 .3 .7 2.4 1.8 1.8

 East North Central 120.2 121.1 121.9 .9 .2 .7 2.5 1.7 1.4

 West North Central 123.7 125.8 126.9 .3 .4 .9 2.2 2.0 2.6

 West 123.1 125.3 126.2 .5 .6 .7 2.5 2.3 2.5

 Mountain 121.9 124.0 124.1 1.1 .5 .1 2.0 2.8 1.8

 Pacific 123.7 125.9 127.1 .3 .6 1.0 2.7 2.1 2.7

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 

 4 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New

 Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West

 Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central:

 Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain:

 Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. 

 

 NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series. Dashes indicate data not available. 

 
- 14 -

 Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for State and local government workers, by

 occupational group and industry 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 14 -

 Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1 for State and local government workers, by

 occupational group and industry 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

 

 State and local government workers

All workers 125.4 127.8 128.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 2.1 2.5 2.4

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 124.3 126.8 127.3 .5 .6 .4 2.1 2.5 2.4

 Professional and related 124.2 126.7 127.1 .6 .7 .3 2.1 2.6 2.3

 Sales and office 127.2 129.2 130.2 .6 .4 .8 2.3 2.2 2.4

 Office and administrative support 127.2 129.3 130.2 .6 .4 .7 2.3 2.2 2.4

 Service occupations 127.8 130.0 130.9 .6 .3 .7 2.3 2.3 2.4

 Industry

 Education and health services 124.1 126.7 127.1 .6 .6 .3 2.1 2.7 2.4

 Educational services 123.6 126.3 126.6 .5 .6 .2 2.1 2.7 2.4

 Schools2 123.6 126.2 126.6 .5 .6 .3 2.1 2.6 2.4

 Elementary and secondary schools 123.3 126.1 126.4 .4 .8 .2 2.0 2.7 2.5

 Health care and social assistance3 128.0 129.9 130.9 .9 .6 .8 2.4 2.4 2.3

 Hospitals 125.7 127.4 128.3 .6 .4 .7 1.8 1.9 2.1

 Public administration 126.9 129.1 130.0 .4 .5 .7 2.2 2.1 2.4

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 

 2 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional schools. 

 3 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 
- 15 -

 Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and 

 industry 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

 

 Civilian workers

All workers1 122.1 123.7 124.5 0.7 0.4 0.6 2.6 2.1 2.0

 Excluding incentive paid occupations2 121.7 123.6 124.5 .6 .4 .7 2.0 2.1 2.3

 

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 122.3 124.3 125.0 .5 .3 .6 2.2 2.1 2.2

 Management, business, and financial 123.0 125.7 126.5 .6 .4 .6 2.6 2.8 2.8

 Professional and related 121.9 123.6 124.2 .5 .4 .5 2.0 1.9 1.9

 Sales and office 122.9 123.4 124.2 1.5 .3 .6 3.8 1.9 1.1

 Sales and related 122.6 120.7 120.9 2.8 .0 .2 6.2 1.2 -1.4

 Office and administrative support 122.9 125.1 126.4 .6 .6 1.0 2.1 2.4 2.8

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 121.6 123.5 124.3 .2 .3 .6 1.9 1.8 2.2

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

121.0 122.9 123.8 .0 .4 .7 2.0 1.6 2.3

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 122.3 124.2 124.8 .5 .2 .5 1.8 2.1 2.0

 Production, transportation, and material moving 120.8 122.8 123.9 .8 .5 .9 2.3 2.4 2.6

 Production 120.0 122.1 123.0 .7 .7 .7 2.1 2.4 2.5

 Transportation and material moving 121.8 123.7 125.0 .7 .2 1.1 2.4 2.3 2.6

 Service occupations 121.7 123.0 124.1 .7 .4 .9 2.4 1.7 2.0

 Industry

 Goods-producing industries3 120.8 123.2 123.9 .6 .6 .6 2.2 2.6 2.6

 Manufacturing 120.8 123.0 124.0 .8 .6 .8 2.4 2.7 2.6

 Service-providing industries4 122.3 123.8 124.6 .7 .3 .6 2.6 2.0 1.9

 Education and health services 121.1 122.9 123.3 .3 .4 .3 1.9 1.8 1.8

 Educational services 119.4 121.2 121.4 .3 .3 .2 1.7 1.8 1.7

 Elementary and secondary schools 118.4 120.1 120.3 .3 .3 .2 1.6 1.7 1.6

 Junior colleges, colleges, 

 universities, and professional schools

120.9 122.9 123.1 .3 .2 .2 1.8 2.0 1.8

 Health care and social assistance5 123.1 124.8 125.4 .4 .5 .5 2.1 1.8 1.9

 Hospitals 123.0 124.9 125.6 .4 .5 .6 1.6 2.0 2.1

 Nursing and residential care facilities 118.8 120.7 121.5 .7 .4 .7 1.8 2.3 2.3

 Public administration 120.8 122.3 123.0 .5 .2 .6 2.0 1.7 1.8

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

 2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. 

 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public adminstration. 

 5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 
- 16 -

 Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and 

 industry 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

 

 Private industry workers

All workers 122.6 124.2 125.1 0.8 0.4 0.7 2.8 2.1 2.0

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 122.2 124.2 125.2 .6 .5 .8 2.1 2.2 2.5

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 123.4 125.6 126.4 .5 .4 .6 2.3 2.3 2.4

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 122.9 124.7 125.6 .7 .4 .7 2.0 2.1 2.2

 Management, business, and financial 123.4 126.2 127.1 .6 .4 .7 2.7 2.9 3.0

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 123.0 124.8 125.9 .8 .3 .9 2.2 2.3 2.4

 Professional and related 123.4 125.2 126.0 .5 .4 .6 2.1 2.0 2.1

 Sales and office 123.2 123.5 124.4 1.6 .3 .7 4.0 1.8 1.0

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 122.4 124.8 126.0 .7 .6 1.0 2.1 2.6 2.9

 Sales and related 122.7 120.7 121.0 2.8 -.1 .2 6.2 1.1 -1.4

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 120.9 123.3 124.2 .8 .3 .7 2.2 2.8 2.7

 Office and administrative support 123.3 125.6 127.1 .7 .6 1.2 2.1 2.5 3.1

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 121.7 123.5 124.3 .2 .2 .6 2.0 1.7 2.1

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

 forestry

121.2 123.1 124.0 .1 .4 .7 2.1 1.7 2.3

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 122.3 124.1 124.8 .5 .2 .6 1.8 2.0 2.0

 Production, transportation, and material moving 120.8 122.8 123.9 .8 .5 .9 2.4 2.4 2.6

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 120.9 123.1 124.3 .8 .7 1.0 2.2 2.6 2.8

 Production 119.9 122.0 123.0 .7 .7 .8 2.1 2.4 2.6

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 120.0 122.2 123.2 .7 .7 .8 2.1 2.5 2.7

 Transportation and material moving 121.9 123.8 125.1 .8 .3 1.1 2.5 2.4 2.6

 Service occupations 121.6 122.8 124.0 .7 .5 1.0 2.6 1.7 2.0

 Industry and occupational group

 Goods-producing industries2 120.8 123.2 123.9 .6 .6 .6 2.2 2.6 2.6

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 121.3 123.4 124.3 .7 .5 .7 2.2 2.5 2.5

 Management, professional, and related 121.7 124.1 124.9 1.1 .6 .6 2.4 3.1 2.6

 Sales and office 121.2 125.5 125.1 -.1 .9 -.3 2.6 3.5 3.2

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

121.3 123.3 124.2 .2 .4 .7 2.1 1.8 2.4

 Production, transportation, and material moving 119.7 121.7 122.6 .8 .7 .7 2.1 2.4 2.4

 Construction 119.7 122.7 122.8 .1 .7 .1 2.0 2.6 2.6

 Manufacturing 120.8 123.0 124.0 .8 .6 .8 2.4 2.7 2.6

 Management, professional, and related 122.2 124.1 125.4 1.2 .2 1.0 2.6 2.7 2.6

 Sales and office 121.9 125.6 126.0 .5 .8 .3 2.4 3.5 3.4

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

122.1 124.5 125.1 .4 .6 .5 2.3 2.4 2.5

 Production, transportation, and material 

 moving

119.4 121.4 122.4 .7 .7 .8 2.1 2.4 2.5

 Aircraft manufacturing 130.5 131.3 133.6 2.2 -.1 1.8 2.8 2.8 2.4

 See footnotes at end of table.
- 17 -

 Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and 

 industry – Continued 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 17 -

 Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and 

 industry – Continued 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

 Service-providing industries3 123.1 124.5 125.5 0.8 0.3 0.8 2.8 2.0 1.9

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 122.5 124.4 125.5 .6 .4 .9 2.1 2.1 2.4

 Management, professional, and related 123.7 125.9 126.7 .4 .4 .6 2.3 2.2 2.4

 Sales and office 123.4 123.3 124.3 1.7 .2 .8 4.1 1.6 .7

 Natural resources, construction, and 

 maintenance

122.2 123.9 124.6 .4 .2 .6 1.7 1.8 2.0

 Production, transportation, and material moving 122.1 124.1 125.4 .8 .3 1.0 2.6 2.5 2.7

 Service occupations 121.6 122.8 124.0 .7 .5 1.0 2.6 1.7 2.0

 Trade, transportation, and utilities 122.0 123.9 125.1 .4 -.1 1.0 3.0 2.0 2.5

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 121.4 123.8 125.1 .6 .5 1.1 2.1 2.6 3.0

 Wholesale trade 121.0 121.1 121.9 -.1 -1.0 .7 3.8 .0 .7

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 119.8 122.0 122.9 .8 .5 .7 2.0 2.6 2.6

 Retail trade 121.5 124.9 126.0 .3 .5 .9 2.8 3.1 3.7

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 120.5 123.3 124.4 .5 .6 .9 2.0 2.8 3.2

 Transportation and warehousing 122.5 124.2 126.1 .7 -.1 1.5 2.3 2.1 2.9

 Utilities 129.9 131.4 132.8 1.2 .0 1.1 2.6 2.4 2.2

 Information 119.4 121.0 122.6 .8 .1 1.3 2.1 2.1 2.7

 Financial activities 122.4 124.1 124.6 .9 .6 .4 2.2 2.3 1.8

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 123.3 124.7 126.2 1.1 .2 1.2 2.4 2.3 2.4

 Finance and insurance 123.0 124.9 125.2 .8 .6 .2 2.1 2.4 1.8

 Credit intermediation and related 

 activities

120.0 121.8 122.7 .8 .2 .7 2.3 2.4 2.3

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 124.2 125.3 127.0 1.0 .2 1.4 2.5 1.9 2.3

 Insurance carriers and related activities 122.6 125.2 126.2 .8 1.1 .8 .9 3.0 2.9

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 122.5 124.3 125.4 1.0 .1 .9 2.2 2.5 2.4

 Real estate and rental and leasing 120.1 120.8 122.3 1.5 .2 1.2 2.6 2.1 1.8

 Excluding incentive paid occupations1 123.6 124.6 126.1 1.3 .2 1.2 2.7 2.1 2.0

 Professional and business services 126.0 126.6 127.7 1.7 .6 .9 4.0 2.2 1.3

 Professional, scientific, and technical services 129.7 128.4 130.2 2.9 .5 1.4 4.6 1.9 .4

 Administrative and support and waste

 management and remediation services

121.5 124.5 125.1 -.2 .6 .5 3.6 2.3 3.0

 Education and health services 123.0 124.7 125.2 .3 .5 .4 2.1 1.7 1.8

 Educational services 122.9 124.5 124.7 .2 .3 .2 2.2 1.5 1.5

 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and 

 professional schools

123.1 124.9 124.9 .1 .3 .0 1.8 1.5 1.5

 Health care and social assistance4 123.1 124.7 125.3 .4 .5 .5 2.1 1.7 1.8

 Hospitals 123.2 125.2 125.8 .4 .6 .5 1.7 2.0 2.1

 Nursing and residential care facilities 118.4 120.4 121.2 .5 .3 .7 1.5 2.2 2.4

 Nursing care facilities1 118.5 120.9 121.4 .5 .5 .4 1.8 2.5 2.4

 Leisure and hospitality 121.7 122.9 124.4 .8 .6 1.2 2.4 1.8 2.2

 Accommodation and food services 122.0 123.2 124.9 .8 .6 1.4 2.3 1.8 2.4

 Other services, except public administration 123.5 125.2 125.8 1.3 .1 .5 2.2 2.7 1.9

 1 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. 

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 

 4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 
- 18 -

 Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and 

 census region and division 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Bargaining status and census region and division Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

 

 Bargaining status

 Union 123.7 125.5 126.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 2.7 1.9 2.2

 Goods-producing industries1 119.9 121.9 122.3 .3 .6 .3 1.9 2.0 2.0

 Manufacturing 117.8 119.6 120.2 .8 .7 .5 1.9 2.3 2.0

 Service-providing industries2 126.3 128.0 129.1 .6 .5 .9 3.0 1.9 2.2

 Nonunion 122.4 124.0 125.0 .7 .3 .8 2.7 2.1 2.1

 Goods-producing industries1 121.1 123.5 124.3 .7 .6 .6 2.4 2.7 2.6

 Manufacturing 121.5 123.8 124.8 .8 .5 .8 2.4 2.7 2.7

 Service-providing industries2 122.8 124.2 125.1 .9 .3 .7 2.8 2.1 1.9

 Census region and divison3

 Northeast 124.7 124.7 126.9 2.0 .4 1.8 4.4 2.0 1.8

 New England 133.1 128.4 132.9 6.2 -.1 3.5 9.6 2.5 -.2

 Middle Atlantic 121.6 123.3 124.6 .6 .6 1.1 2.5 2.0 2.5

 South 123.3 125.0 125.4 .4 .2 .3 2.2 1.8 1.7

 South Atlantic 124.1 126.0 126.4 .6 .3 .3 2.3 2.1 1.9

 East South Central 120.2 122.5 123.0 .7 .7 .4 2.0 2.6 2.3

 West South Central 123.2 124.3 124.8 .1 -.1 .4 2.0 1.0 1.3

 Midwest 119.8 121.8 122.5 .6 .3 .6 2.0 2.3 2.3

 East North Central 118.4 120.1 120.8 .8 .3 .6 2.1 2.2 2.0

 West North Central 123.1 125.8 126.5 .0 .4 .6 2.0 2.2 2.8

 West 122.6 125.2 125.8 .3 .6 .5 2.6 2.5 2.6

 Mountain 122.5 124.9 124.4 .8 .6 -.4 2.9 2.8 1.6

 Pacific 122.7 125.4 126.5 .2 .6 .9 2.4 2.4 3.1

 1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 2 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 

 3 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New

 Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West

 Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central:

 Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain:

 Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. 

 

 NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series. Dashes indicate data not available. 

 
- 19 -

 Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for State and local government workers, by

 occupational group and industry 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group and industry Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

 

 State and local government workers

All workers 119.9 121.6 122.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 1.8 1.8 1.8

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 119.4 121.1 121.4 .4 .4 .2 1.7 1.9 1.7

 Professional and related 119.3 121.0 121.2 .3 .4 .2 1.6 1.8 1.6

 Sales and office 119.8 121.5 122.0 .4 .3 .4 2.0 1.8 1.8

 Office and administrative support 120.2 121.9 122.4 .4 .3 .4 2.1 1.8 1.8

 Service occupations 121.9 123.6 124.3 .4 .4 .6 2.1 1.8 2.0

 Industry

 Education and health services 119.2 121.0 121.3 .3 .3 .2 1.6 1.9 1.8

 Educational services 118.8 120.6 120.8 .3 .3 .2 1.7 1.9 1.7

 Schools1 118.7 120.5 120.8 .3 .2 .2 1.6 1.8 1.8

 Elementary and secondary schools 118.3 120.0 120.2 .3 .3 .2 1.6 1.7 1.6

 Health care and social assistance2 123.3 125.2 125.8 .7 .7 .5 1.8 2.2 2.0

 Hospitals 122.1 123.9 124.5 .3 .6 .5 1.3 1.8 2.0

 Public administration 120.8 122.3 123.0 .5 .2 .6 2.0 1.7 1.8

 1 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional schools. 

 2 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately. 
- 20 -

 Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status 

 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 Percent changes for–

Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes(Dec.2005=100) 3-months ended– 12-months ended–

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

 

 Civilian workers

All workers1 127.2 128.4 129.4 0.8 0.4 0.8 2.7 1.7 1.7

 Private industry workers

All workers 124.5 125.1 126.0 .8 .2 .7 2.6 1.3 1.2

 Occupational group

 Management, professional, and related 124.7 124.5 125.1 1.1 .2 .5 3.0 .9 .3

 Sales and office 123.8 125.0 126.8 .3 .2 1.4 2.1 1.3 2.4

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 127.6 127.9 128.5 .4 .2 .5 3.0 .6 .7

 Production, transportation, and material moving 123.5 125.4 126.3 1.1 .4 .7 2.5 2.7 2.3

 Service occupations 123.1 124.3 125.4 .7 .4 .9 1.7 1.7 1.9

 Industry

 Goods-producing industries2 121.4 123.1 123.6 .6 .6 .4 1.8 2.0 1.8

 Manufacturing 120.9 122.5 123.1 .9 .7 .5 2.4 2.3 1.8

 Aircraft manufacturing 90.8 87.4 91.6 -1.0 -.1 4.8 5.1 -4.7 .9

 Service-providing industries3 125.8 125.9 127.0 1.0 .2 .9 2.9 1.0 1.0

 

 Bargaining status

 Union 133.4 133.9 135.0 .6 .5 .8 3.8 1.0 1.2

 Nonunion 122.7 123.3 124.2 .8 .2 .7 2.3 1.3 1.2

 State and local government workers

All workers 136.8 140.6 141.6 .7 1.0 .7 2.8 3.5 3.5

 1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. 

 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 

 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental

 and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care

 and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 
- 21 -

 Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1and wages and salaries, for

 private industry workers, by area 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

- 21 -

 Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,1and wages and salaries, for

 private industry workers, by area 

 (Not seasonally adjusted)

 

Percent changes for 12 months ended–

Census region and metropolitan area2 Total compensation Wages and salaries

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Dec.

2015

Mar.

2016

Northeast

 Boston–Worcester–Manchester, MA–NH CSA 3.6 2.2 2.2 3.9 2.5 2.9

 New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY–NJ–CT–PA CSA 2.6 1.4 1.6 2.5 1.4 2.1

 Philadelphia–Camden–Vineland, PA–NJ–DE–MD

 CSA

2.5 1.6 1.0 2.3 1.5 1.0

South

 Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Gainesville, GA–AL CSA 3.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.1 3.2

 Dallas–Fort Worth, TX CSA 2.3 1.7 1.6 2.3 2.9 2.5

 Houston–Baytown–Huntsville, TX CSA 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.1 1.6 2.1

 Miami–Fort Lauderdale–Pompano Beach, FL MSA 2.1 1.7 2.8 1.9 1.8 3.5

 Washington–Baltimore–Northern Virginia,

 DC–MD–VA–WV CSA

1.1 2.4 2.3 .7 2.2 2.5

Midwest

 Chicago–Naperville–Michigan City, IL–IN–WI CSA 3.3 .9 1.3 2.4 1.9 2.0

 Detroit–Warren–Flint, MI CSA -.1 2.5 3.3 .2 2.9 3.5

 Minneapolis–St. Paul–St. Cloud, MN–WI CSA 2.3 4.1 1.9 2.3 4.9 1.7

West

 Los Angeles–Long Beach–Riverside, CA CSA 3.3 2.5 3.3 3.4 2.7 3.7

 Phoenix–Mesa–Scottsdale, AZ MSA 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.3 1.9

 San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA 2.9 1.4 1.6 2.5 1.6 2.1

 Seattle–Tacoma–Olympia, WA CSA 4.4 1.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.5

 1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 

 2 Note that some of these areas are Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and others are Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs).

 For more information on metropolitan area definitions, visit the U.S. Census Bureau's Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical

 Areas page on the Internet at http://www.census.gov/population/www/metroareas/metrodef.html.