Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-24-0451 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, March 8, 2024

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — FEBRUARY 2024

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 275,000 in February, and the unemployment rate

increased to 3.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in health 

care, in government, in food services and drinking places, in social assistance, and in transportation and 

warehousing. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate rose by 0.2 percentage point to 3.9 percent in February, and the number of 

unemployed people increased by 334,000 to 6.5 million. A year earlier, the jobless rate was 3.6 percent, 

and the number of unemployed people was 6.0 million. (See table A-1.) 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

February 2022 – February 2024

Percent Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, February 2022 – February 2024

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

Feb-22 May-22 Aug-22 Nov-22 Feb-23 May-23 Aug-23 Nov-23 Feb-24

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

Feb-22 May-22 Aug-22 Nov-22 Feb-23 May-23 Aug-23 Nov-23 Feb-24
-2- 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women (3.5 percent) and teenagers 

(12.5 percent) increased over the month. The jobless rates for adult men (3.5 percent), Whites (3.4 

percent), Blacks (5.6 percent), Asians (3.4 percent), and Hispanics (5.0 percent) showed little or no 

change in February. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers increased by 174,000 to 1.7 million in 

February. The number of people on temporary layoff was little changed at 827,000. (See table A-11.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.2 million, was little 

changed in February. The long-term unemployed accounted for 18.7 percent of all unemployed people. 

(See table A-12.) 

In February, the labor force participation rate was 62.5 percent for the third consecutive month, and 

the employment-population ratio was little changed at 60.1 percent. These measures showed little or 

no change over the year. (See table A-1.) 

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.4 million, changed little in 

February. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time 

because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

In February, the number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 5.7 million, was 

little changed. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively 

looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table 

A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached to the 

labor force changed little at 1.6 million in February. These individuals wanted and were available for 

work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 

weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached 

who believed that no jobs were available for them, was little changed at 425,000 in February. (See 

Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 275,000 in February, above the average monthly gain of 

230,000 over the prior 12 months. In February, job gains occurred in health care, in government, in food 

services and drinking places, in social assistance, and in transportation and warehousing. (See table 

B-1.) 

Health care added 67,000 jobs in February, above the average monthly gain of 58,000 over the prior 12 

months. In February, job growth continued in ambulatory health care services (+28,000), hospitals 

(+28,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+11,000). 

Government employment rose by 52,000 in February, about the same as the prior 12-month average

gain (+53,000). Over the month, employment continued to trend up in local government, excluding 

education (+26,000) and federal government (+9,000). 

Employment in food services and drinking places increased by 42,000 in February, after changing 

little over the prior 3 months.
-3- 

Social assistance added 24,000 jobs in February, about the same as the prior 12-month average gain of 

23,000. Over the month, job growth continued in individual and family services (+19,000). 

Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 20,000 in February. Couriers and messengers 

added 17,000 jobs, after losing 70,000 jobs over the prior 3 months. In February, job growth also 

occurred in air transportation (+4,000), while warehousing and storage lost 7,000 jobs. Employment in 

the transportation and warehousing industry is down by 144,000 since reaching a peak in July 2022. 

In February, employment continued to trend up in construction (+23,000), in line with the average 

monthly gain of 18,000 over the prior 12 months. Over the month, heavy and civil engineering 

construction added 13,000 jobs. 

Retail trade employment changed little in February (+19,000) and has shown little net change over the 

year. Over the month, job gains in general merchandise retailers (+17,000); health and personal care 

retailers (+6,000); and automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers (+5,000) were partially offset by 

job losses in building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers (-6,000) and electronics and 

appliance retailers (-2,000). 

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining,

quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; information; financial 

activities; professional and business services; and other services. 

In February, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 5 

cents to $34.57, following an increase of 18 cents in January. Average hourly earnings were up by 0.1 

percent in February and 4.3 percent over the year. In February, average hourly earnings of private-sector 

production and nonsupervisory employees edged up by 7 cents, or 0.2 percent, to $29.71. (See tables 

B-3 and B-8.) 

In February, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 

hour to 34.3 hours, following a decline of 0.2 hour in January. In manufacturing, the average workweek 

was little changed at 39.9 hours, and overtime increased by 0.2 hour to 3.0 hours in February. The 

average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls 

increased by 0.3 hour to 33.8 hours, following a decline of 0.3 hour in January. (See tables B-2 and 

B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised down by 43,000, from 

+333,000 to +290,000, and the change for January was revised down by 124,000, from +353,000 to 

+229,000. With these revisions, employment in December and January combined is 167,000 lower than 

previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and 

government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for March is scheduled to be released on Friday, April 5, 2024, at 8:30 

a.m. (ET). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Change from:

Jan. 2024-

Feb. 2024

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 266,112 267,991 267,540 267,711 171

Civilian labor force........................................................... 166,263 167,451 167,276 167,426 150

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.5 62.5 62.5 62.5 0.0

Employed................................................................... 160,301 161,183 161,152 160,968 -184

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.2 60.1 60.2 60.1 -0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 5,962 6,268 6,124 6,458 334

Unemployment rate.................................................... 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.9 0.2

Not in labor force............................................................ 99,849 100,540 100,265 100,285 20

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.9 0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 0.3

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 11.1 11.9 10.6 12.5 1.9

White.......................................................................... 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.4 0.0

Black or African American.................................................. 5.7 5.2 5.3 5.6 0.3

Asian.......................................................................... 3.4 3.1 2.9 3.4 0.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 5.4 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 0.0

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.1 0.1

High school graduates, no college........................................ 3.6 4.2 4.3 4.2 -0.1

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 2,766 3,058 3,028 3,216 188

Job leavers...................................................................... 888 833 794 711 -83

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,844 1,741 1,834 1,946 112

New entrants.................................................................... 521 609 550 611 61

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,294 2,191 2,140 2,326 186

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,838 1,791 1,848 1,933 85

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 812 1,104 867 974 107

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,051 1,245 1,277 1,203 -74

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,070 4,211 4,422 4,376 -46

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,842 2,960 2,994 2,863 -131

Could only find part-time work............................................. 866 964 1,026 1,104 78

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 21,780 22,458 22,156 22,309 153

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,419 1,562 1,654 1,558 -96

Discouraged workers........................................................ 367 346 452 425 -27

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 290 229 275

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 214 177 223

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 33 24 19

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 -3 0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 18 19 23

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 12 8 -4

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 19 -1 2

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 4.6 2.4 -0.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 -7 9 -6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 181 153 204

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 7.4 -3.3 -1.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.5 32.3 15.2 18.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -21.4 -18.3 -28.9 19.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 2.4 1.9 3.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -18 13 6 2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 -1 1

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 13 40 9

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -25.3 -21.3 -1.2 -15.4

Private education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 84 107 85

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.5 76.1 86.6 90.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 41 8 58

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 8 9

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 76 52 52

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 212 234 265

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 155 181 205

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 49.9 49.9 49.9

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 48.4 48.4 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.4 81.3 81.4 81.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.4 34.2 34.3

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $33.15 $34.34 $34.52 $34.57

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,143.68 $1,181.30 $1,180.58 $1,185.75

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.8 115.9 115.4 115.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 0.2 -0.4 0.4

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.9 190.3 190.4 191.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.6

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (250 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.4 63.0 61.8 62.6

Manufacturing (72 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.7 54.2 54.2 57.6

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

130,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly 

Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than 

sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses 

into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance 

on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey 

twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment

insurance benefits?

No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All people 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees who receive 

pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. 

For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of people who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a 

measure of the number of people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad 

weather.

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 119,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 629,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. People laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and 

unemployed. Those people not classified as employed or 

unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including people on paid leave. People

are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data 

are produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 

2022 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -80,000 to +180,000 

(50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes 

in the classification of industries when necessary. Over the 

past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from

-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 

relay services.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266,112 267,540 267,711 266,112 267,642 267,822 267,991 267,540 267,711

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166,178 166,428 167,285 166,263 167,723 168,127 167,451 167,276 167,426

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 62.2 62.5 62.5 62.7 62.8 62.5 62.5 62.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,713 159,650 160,315 160,301 161,280 161,866 161,183 161,152 160,968

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 59.7 59.9 60.2 60.3 60.4 60.1 60.2 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,465 6,778 6,970 5,962 6,443 6,262 6,268 6,124 6,458

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.1 4.2 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,934 101,113 100,426 99,849 99,919 99,695 100,540 100,265 100,285

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,987 5,964 5,546 5,113 5,376 5,343 5,671 5,793 5,672

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,072 130,436 130,520 130,072 130,816 130,903 130,985 130,436 130,520

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,382 88,014 88,299 88,388 88,968 89,555 89,250 88,507 88,391

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9 67.5 67.7 68.0 68.0 68.4 68.1 67.9 67.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,666 83,959 84,391 85,185 85,327 85,981 85,794 85,034 84,993

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.1 64.4 64.7 65.5 65.2 65.7 65.5 65.2 65.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,717 4,055 3,908 3,203 3,641 3,574 3,456 3,473 3,398

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.6 4.4 3.6 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,689 42,422 42,221 41,684 41,848 41,348 41,735 41,929 42,129

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,346 121,539 121,611 121,346 122,029 122,111 122,187 121,539 121,611

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,363 85,134 85,313 85,145 85,687 86,256 86,007 85,364 85,180

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.3 70.0 70.2 70.2 70.2 70.6 70.4 70.2 70.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,048 81,485 81,802 82,340 82,526 83,084 82,958 82,304 82,178

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.6 67.0 67.3 67.9 67.6 68.0 67.9 67.7 67.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,315 3,650 3,511 2,805 3,161 3,172 3,050 3,060 3,002

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.3 4.1 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,983 36,405 36,299 36,201 36,343 35,854 36,180 36,175 36,431

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,040 137,104 137,191 136,040 136,826 136,919 137,006 137,104 137,191

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,796 78,413 78,986 77,875 78,755 78,572 78,201 78,768 79,035

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 57.2 57.6 57.2 57.6 57.4 57.1 57.5 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,047 75,691 75,924 75,116 75,953 75,885 75,389 76,118 75,975

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 55.2 55.3 55.2 55.5 55.4 55.0 55.5 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,749 2,723 3,062 2,759 2,801 2,688 2,811 2,650 3,060

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.5 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,245 58,691 58,205 58,165 58,071 58,346 58,805 58,336 58,156

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,613 128,503 128,581 127,613 128,342 128,430 128,513 128,503 128,581

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,823 75,382 75,995 74,703 75,487 75,399 75,047 75,529 75,835

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 58.7 59.1 58.5 58.8 58.7 58.4 58.8 59.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,354 72,909 73,299 72,257 73,066 73,049 72,587 73,144 73,182

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 56.7 57.0 56.6 56.9 56.9 56.5 56.9 56.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,470 2,473 2,696 2,446 2,421 2,350 2,460 2,385 2,653

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,790 53,121 52,586 52,910 52,856 53,031 53,466 52,974 52,746

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,153 17,498 17,519 17,153 17,270 17,281 17,291 17,498 17,519

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,992 5,911 5,978 6,415 6,549 6,472 6,396 6,383 6,411

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.9 33.8 34.1 37.4 37.9 37.5 37.0 36.5 36.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,311 5,256 5,214 5,704 5,688 5,733 5,638 5,704 5,608

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.0 30.0 29.8 33.3 32.9 33.2 32.6 32.6 32.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680 655 763 711 861 739 758 679 803

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 11.1 12.8 11.1 13.1 11.4 11.9 10.6 12.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,161 11,587 11,541 10,738 10,721 10,809 10,895 11,115 11,108

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204,118 204,608 204,677 204,118 204,867 204,949 205,022 204,608 204,677

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,754 126,338 126,960 126,800 127,612 127,773 127,226 126,962 127,040

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 61.7 62.0 62.1 62.3 62.3 62.1 62.1 62.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,285 121,515 122,180 122,764 123,198 123,550 122,802 122,663 122,685

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 59.4 59.7 60.1 60.1 60.3 59.9 60.0 59.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,470 4,823 4,779 4,036 4,414 4,223 4,424 4,299 4,356

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,364 78,270 77,717 77,318 77,255 77,177 77,796 77,646 77,637

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,225 65,675 65,748 66,105 66,363 66,695 66,405 65,869 65,685

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.1 69.6 69.6 70.0 70.0 70.3 70.0 69.8 69.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,842 63,018 63,315 64,138 64,148 64,559 64,208 63,674 63,658

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.6 66.8 67.1 67.9 67.6 68.1 67.7 67.5 67.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,383 2,657 2,433 1,968 2,215 2,136 2,197 2,195 2,027

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 4.0 3.7 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,932 56,154 56,629 55,786 56,209 56,130 55,844 56,219 56,454

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.6 57.6 58.0 57.4 57.6 57.5 57.2 57.6 57.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,309 54,474 54,791 54,182 54,621 54,609 54,175 54,615 54,646

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 55.8 56.2 55.8 56.0 56.0 55.5 56.0 56.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,623 1,679 1,838 1,603 1,588 1,521 1,669 1,604 1,808

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,597 4,510 4,583 4,909 5,040 4,947 4,976 4,874 4,902

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.8 35.6 36.1 39.3 40.2 39.5 39.7 38.4 38.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,133 4,022 4,075 4,444 4,430 4,382 4,418 4,374 4,381

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 31.7 32.1 35.6 35.4 35.0 35.3 34.5 34.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 487 508 465 611 565 558 500 520

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 10.8 11.1 9.5 12.1 11.4 11.2 10.3 10.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,519 34,813 34,849 34,519 34,788 34,821 34,853 34,813 34,849

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,770 21,904 22,084 21,864 21,902 22,171 22,094 22,051 22,190

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 62.9 63.4 63.3 63.0 63.7 63.4 63.3 63.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,488 20,703 20,810 20,613 20,636 20,886 20,952 20,887 20,950

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.4 59.5 59.7 59.7 59.3 60.0 60.1 60.0 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,282 1,201 1,274 1,252 1,266 1,285 1,143 1,164 1,240

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.5 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.2 5.3 5.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,749 12,909 12,765 12,655 12,886 12,650 12,759 12,762 12,659

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,153 10,197 10,300 10,194 10,048 10,299 10,294 10,266 10,344

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.9 68.9 69.5 69.2 67.7 69.3 69.2 69.4 69.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,593 9,606 9,615 9,670 9,520 9,648 9,821 9,717 9,709

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.1 64.9 64.9 65.6 64.1 64.9 66.0 65.7 65.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560 590 685 524 528 651 473 548 636

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 5.8 6.6 5.1 5.3 6.3 4.6 5.3 6.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,876 10,940 11,048 10,870 11,065 11,067 11,014 10,967 11,050

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 62.8 63.3 63.0 63.6 63.6 63.2 62.9 63.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,301 10,416 10,563 10,307 10,475 10,533 10,486 10,445 10,568

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 59.8 60.6 59.7 60.3 60.5 60.2 59.9 60.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 525 485 563 590 534 528 521 482

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.8 4.4 5.2 5.3 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 767 737 801 789 805 786 819 796

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 29.6 28.4 31.8 30.9 31.5 30.7 31.6 30.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594 681 632 635 642 705 644 724 673

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.6 26.3 24.3 25.2 25.1 27.6 25.2 27.9 25.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 86 105 166 147 100 142 95 122

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.9 11.3 14.2 20.7 18.7 12.4 18.0 11.6 15.4

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,444 17,930 17,784 17,444 17,593 17,769 17,896 17,930 17,784

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,371 11,495 11,479 11,358 11,490 11,548 11,436 11,559 11,472

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 64.1 64.5 65.1 65.3 65.0 63.9 64.5 64.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,982 11,146 11,084 10,970 11,134 11,144 11,084 11,223 11,081

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 62.2 62.3 62.9 63.3 62.7 61.9 62.6 62.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 349 395 387 356 404 353 336 390

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.1 2.9 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,073 6,435 6,305 6,087 6,103 6,221 6,459 6,372 6,312

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 47,103 48,364 48,467 47,103 47,877 47,974 48,068 48,364 48,467

Civilian labor force................................ 31,507 32,260 32,513 31,516 32,056 32,101 32,081 32,318 32,499

Participation rate............................... 66.9 66.7 67.1 66.9 67.0 66.9 66.7 66.8 67.1

Employed....................................... 29,640 30,389 30,732 29,813 30,525 30,636 30,480 30,700 30,883

Employment-population ratio............... 62.9 62.8 63.4 63.3 63.8 63.9 63.4 63.5 63.7

Unemployed.................................... 1,866 1,871 1,781 1,703 1,531 1,465 1,602 1,618 1,616

Unemployment rate......................... 5.9 5.8 5.5 5.4 4.8 4.6 5.0 5.0 5.0

Not in labor force................................. 15,597 16,104 15,953 15,587 15,822 15,873 15,986 16,046 15,967

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 16,951 17,372 17,434 16,941 17,128 17,267 17,261 17,372 17,415

Participation rate............................... 79.2 79.5 79.6 79.1 78.7 79.2 79.1 79.5 79.5

Employed....................................... 15,912 16,315 16,601 16,047 16,409 16,537 16,438 16,519 16,720

Employment-population ratio............... 74.3 74.6 75.8 74.9 75.4 75.9 75.3 75.6 76.3

Unemployed.................................... 1,038 1,057 832 894 719 729 824 852 695

Unemployment rate......................... 6.1 6.1 4.8 5.3 4.2 4.2 4.8 4.9 4.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 13,120 13,329 13,575 13,099 13,265 13,260 13,346 13,336 13,535

Participation rate............................... 61.5 60.7 61.7 61.3 61.1 61.0 61.3 60.7 61.5

Employed....................................... 12,465 12,697 12,862 12,474 12,727 12,737 12,746 12,759 12,860

Employment-population ratio............... 58.4 57.8 58.4 58.4 58.6 58.6 58.5 58.1 58.4

Unemployed.................................... 655 632 713 624 537 523 601 577 675

Unemployment rate......................... 5.0 4.7 5.3 4.8 4.1 3.9 4.5 4.3 5.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,436 1,558 1,504 1,477 1,664 1,574 1,474 1,610 1,549

Participation rate............................... 33.1 34.3 33.1 34.0 37.6 35.5 33.2 35.5 34.0

Employed....................................... 1,262 1,377 1,269 1,293 1,389 1,361 1,296 1,422 1,304

Employment-population ratio............... 29.1 30.3 27.9 29.8 31.4 30.7 29.2 31.3 28.6

Unemployed.................................... 173 181 235 184 275 213 177 188 246

Unemployment rate......................... 12.1 11.6 15.6 12.5 16.5 13.5 12.0 11.7 15.9

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 8,850 9,281 8,887 9,149 9,312 9,492 9,384 9,271 9,192

Participation rate.................................. 46.7 47.1 46.7 48.3 48.0 48.3 47.5 47.1 48.3

Employed.......................................... 8,198 8,562 8,204 8,615 8,771 8,891 8,819 8,715 8,626

Employment-population ratio................. 43.2 43.5 43.1 45.4 45.2 45.2 44.6 44.3 45.4

Unemployed....................................... 652 719 683 534 542 601 564 556 565

Unemployment rate............................ 7.4 7.7 7.7 5.8 5.8 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.1

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,852 35,853 36,541 35,860 35,637 35,790 35,748 35,927 36,474

Participation rate.................................. 56.0 56.9 57.1 56.0 56.9 57.3 57.1 57.0 57.0

Employed.......................................... 34,441 34,116 34,866 34,576 34,195 34,327 34,247 34,385 34,948

Employment-population ratio................. 53.8 54.2 54.5 54.0 54.6 55.0 54.7 54.6 54.7

Unemployed....................................... 1,411 1,736 1,675 1,285 1,442 1,463 1,501 1,543 1,526

Unemployment rate............................ 3.9 4.8 4.6 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.2

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,869 36,167 36,297 35,964 35,814 35,874 35,737 36,205 36,322

Participation rate.................................. 63.4 62.6 63.4 63.6 62.2 62.1 62.4 62.6 63.5

Employed.......................................... 34,594 34,922 35,049 34,794 34,691 34,866 34,623 35,020 35,178

Employment-population ratio................. 61.2 60.4 61.2 61.5 60.3 60.4 60.4 60.6 61.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,275 1,245 1,248 1,170 1,123 1,009 1,114 1,184 1,144

Unemployment rate............................ 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 63,848 64,039 64,479 63,271 64,504 64,452 64,297 64,195 63,965

Participation rate.................................. 73.1 72.6 72.7 72.5 72.8 72.7 72.3 72.7 72.1

Employed.......................................... 62,530 62,621 63,013 61,973 63,133 63,091 62,933 62,836 62,527

Employment-population ratio................. 71.6 71.0 71.1 71.0 71.2 71.2 70.8 71.2 70.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,318 1,418 1,466 1,297 1,371 1,360 1,364 1,359 1,438

Unemployment rate............................ 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2024

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,002 17,680 15,967 15,635 2,035 2,045

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,683 8,615 7,600 7,419 1,083 1,196

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 48.7 47.6 47.5 53.2 58.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,462 8,369 7,393 7,199 1,069 1,170

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.0 47.3 46.3 46.0 52.5 57.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 247 207 220 14 26

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 2.9 2.7 3.0 1.3 2.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,319 9,065 8,367 8,216 952 849

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,989 5,266 4,070 4,309 919 957

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,004 4,195 3,381 3,484 623 711

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.3 79.7 83.1 80.9 67.8 74.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,894 4,090 3,283 3,395 611 695

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.0 77.7 80.7 78.8 66.5 72.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 105 98 89 12 16

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.0 2.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985 1,071 689 825 295 246

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,947 2,820 2,510 2,389 437 431

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,148 2,022 1,831 1,737 317 286

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.9 71.7 72.9 72.7 72.5 66.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,098 1,967 1,781 1,681 317 286

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2 69.8 70.9 70.4 72.5 66.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 55 50 55 0 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 2.7 2.7 3.2 0.0 0.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799 797 679 652 120 145

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,077 5,756 5,820 5,513 257 243

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820 695 815 672 6 23

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5 12.1 14.0 12.2 2.1 9.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809 660 803 637 6 23

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 11.5 13.8 11.6 2.1 9.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 35 11 35 0 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 5.0 1.4 5.2 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,257 5,061 5,005 4,841 251 220

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,989 3,838 3,567 3,424 422 414

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,711 1,703 1,574 1,527 137 176

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.9 44.4 44.1 44.6 32.5 42.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,662 1,651 1,526 1,486 136 165

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.7 43.0 42.8 43.4 32.2 39.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 52 47 41 1 11

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.7 0.9 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,278 2,135 1,993 1,897 285 238

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238,871 240,832 109,483 110,303 129,389 130,529

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,307 156,583 79,747 79,939 75,560 76,644

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 65.0 72.8 72.5 58.4 58.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,259 150,113 76,361 76,364 72,898 73,749

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.3 69.7 69.2 56.3 56.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,049 6,470 3,387 3,574 2,662 2,896

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.5 3.5 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,564 84,249 29,735 30,364 53,829 53,884

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2024

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 32,611 33,864 233,501 233,847

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 7,786 8,270 158,392 159,015

Participation rate..................................................................... 23.9 24.4 67.8 68.0

Employed............................................................................. 7,214 7,636 152,498 152,679

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 22.1 22.5 65.3 65.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 572 634 5,894 6,336

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.3 7.7 3.7 4.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,825 25,594 75,109 74,832

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 3,256 3,349 79,093 78,756

Participation rate..................................................................... 41.9 40.2 82.2 82.6

Employed............................................................................. 3,007 3,068 75,778 75,356

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 38.7 36.8 78.7 79.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 249 281 3,316 3,401

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.6 8.4 4.2 4.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,516 4,981 17,162 16,550

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 3,245 3,407 69,610 70,334

Participation rate..................................................................... 38.6 39.9 72.4 72.9

Employed............................................................................. 2,966 3,126 67,277 67,693

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 35.3 36.6 70.0 70.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 279 281 2,333 2,642

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.6 8.2 3.4 3.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,164 5,127 26,508 26,153

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,285 1,514 9,688 9,924

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.8 8.9 23.6 23.6

Employed............................................................................. 1,241 1,442 9,443 9,630

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.6 8.5 23.0 22.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 44 73 245 294

Unemployment rate............................................................... 3.4 4.8 2.5 3.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 15,146 15,486 31,439 32,128

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2024

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 46,470 48,810 22,743 24,041 23,727 24,769

Civilian labor force.................................................. 30,827 32,521 17,464 18,499 13,363 14,022

Participation rate.................................................. 66.3 66.6 76.8 77.0 56.3 56.6

Employed.......................................................... 29,518 31,002 16,705 17,704 12,813 13,299

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.5 63.5 73.4 73.6 54.0 53.7

Unemployed....................................................... 1,309 1,519 759 796 550 723

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.2 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.1 5.2

Not in labor force.................................................... 15,643 16,289 5,279 5,541 10,364 10,747

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 219,642 218,901 107,328 106,479 112,314 112,422

Civilian labor force.................................................. 135,351 134,764 70,919 69,800 64,433 64,964

Participation rate.................................................. 61.6 61.6 66.1 65.6 57.4 57.8

Employed.......................................................... 130,194 129,313 67,961 66,688 62,234 62,625

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.3 59.1 63.3 62.6 55.4 55.7

Unemployed....................................................... 5,157 5,451 2,958 3,112 2,199 2,339

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.5 3.4 3.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 84,291 84,137 36,410 36,679 47,881 47,458

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,251 2,074 2,111 2,343 2,201 2,262 2,205 2,184 2,201

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,456 1,413 1,454 1,526 1,468 1,549 1,520 1,489 1,524

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 755 651 621 779 707 701 680 687 649

Unpaid family workers........................... 40 10 35 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 157,461 157,575 158,205 157,797 159,166 159,578 158,993 158,735 158,601

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 148,238 148,684 148,897 148,613 150,170 150,505 149,702 149,741 149,321

Government..................................... 21,951 21,858 21,517 21,501 21,664 21,878 21,700 21,490 21,142

Private industries............................... 126,287 126,826 127,380 127,130 128,454 128,612 128,086 128,407 128,256

Private households.......................... 592 773 746 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 125,696 126,053 126,634 126,411 127,800 127,889 127,414 127,521 127,392

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 9,173 8,841 9,261 9,304 8,957 9,014 9,335 9,087 9,377

Unpaid family workers........................... 50 50 47 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,285 4,874 4,592 4,070 4,284 3,994 4,211 4,422 4,376

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,079 3,427 3,098 2,842 2,985 2,790 2,960 2,994 2,863

Could only find part-time work.................. 868 1,046 1,139 866 1,000 934 964 1,026 1,104

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 22,494 22,238 23,043 21,780 21,576 21,879 22,458 22,156 22,309

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,146 4,803 4,479 3,970 4,205 3,931 4,138 4,371 4,300

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,975 3,390 3,013 2,763 2,941 2,735 2,913 2,959 2,803

Could only find part-time work.................. 850 1,038 1,130 850 992 923 953 1,018 1,098

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 22,074 21,878 22,677 21,375 21,214 21,444 22,060 21,793 21,951

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,713 159,650 160,315 160,301 161,280 161,866 161,183 161,152 160,968

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,311 5,256 5,214 5,704 5,688 5,733 5,638 5,704 5,608

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,992 2,071 1,833 2,190 2,161 2,235 2,194 2,292 2,035

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,319 3,186 3,381 3,531 3,518 3,514 3,446 3,428 3,595

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,401 154,394 155,101 154,597 155,592 156,133 155,545 155,448 155,360

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,638 14,173 13,969 14,817 14,565 14,787 14,756 14,562 14,192

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,763 140,221 141,131 139,971 140,887 141,194 140,617 140,972 141,300

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,681 102,991 103,564 102,866 103,311 103,451 103,161 103,489 103,717

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,751 35,424 35,631 35,777 35,799 35,779 35,859 35,700 35,672

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,179 35,703 36,077 35,265 35,486 35,680 35,546 35,818 36,117

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,751 31,864 31,856 31,824 32,026 31,992 31,757 31,970 31,928

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,082 37,230 37,567 37,105 37,576 37,742 37,455 37,484 37,582

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,666 83,959 84,391 85,185 85,327 85,981 85,794 85,034 84,993

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,618 2,475 2,589 2,845 2,801 2,897 2,836 2,730 2,815

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912 934 828 1,015 1,067 1,071 1,033 1,063 939

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,706 1,541 1,761 1,844 1,730 1,846 1,807 1,679 1,900

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,048 81,485 81,802 82,340 82,526 83,084 82,958 82,304 82,178

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,355 7,093 6,951 7,483 7,262 7,446 7,432 7,320 7,107

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,693 74,391 74,851 75,068 75,118 75,514 75,397 75,093 75,239

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,765 54,500 54,836 55,051 55,012 55,262 55,178 55,008 55,126

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,087 18,720 18,868 19,149 18,975 19,088 19,104 18,948 18,945

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,859 18,949 19,162 18,978 19,043 19,107 19,108 19,109 19,266

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,819 16,830 16,806 16,924 16,994 17,067 16,966 16,951 16,916

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,928 19,892 20,016 20,017 20,106 20,252 20,219 20,085 20,112

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,047 75,691 75,924 75,116 75,953 75,885 75,389 76,118 75,975

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,693 2,781 2,625 2,859 2,887 2,836 2,802 2,974 2,793

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,080 1,137 1,005 1,174 1,094 1,164 1,162 1,229 1,096

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,614 1,645 1,620 1,687 1,788 1,668 1,639 1,749 1,694

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,354 72,909 73,299 72,257 73,066 73,049 72,587 73,144 73,182

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,283 7,080 7,019 7,334 7,303 7,342 7,324 7,241 7,085

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,070 65,829 66,280 64,903 65,769 65,679 65,220 65,879 66,061

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,916 48,491 48,728 47,815 48,298 48,189 47,983 48,480 48,591

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,664 16,704 16,763 16,628 16,823 16,691 16,755 16,752 16,727

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,320 16,754 16,916 16,287 16,443 16,573 16,438 16,709 16,851

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,932 15,033 15,050 14,900 15,032 14,926 14,791 15,019 15,013

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,154 17,338 17,552 17,088 17,471 17,490 17,237 17,399 17,470

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,414 45,519 45,452 46,185 46,059 46,344 46,392 45,672 45,387

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,152 37,034 37,035 36,931 37,018 36,887 36,790 37,033 36,822

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,696 9,897 9,955 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,173 131,549 131,815 133,230 134,502 134,727 133,196 133,133 132,946

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,540 28,101 28,501 27,020 26,702 27,032 27,794 27,890 27,941

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,041 8,133 8,411 7,883 8,360 8,343 8,565 8,272 8,259

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 5.1 5.2 4.9 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.1

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,435 6,656 6,565 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,928 9,492 9,883 10,083 9,664 9,715 10,014 9,774 10,026

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 5,962 6,124 6,458 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 711 679 803 11.1 13.1 11.4 11.9 10.6 12.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 218 254 290 9.0 14.7 11.4 13.1 10.0 12.5

18 to 19 years.................................. 482 415 499 12.0 12.5 11.5 11.2 10.8 12.2

20 years and over................................ 5,251 5,445 5,655 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,103 921 1,097 6.9 7.0 6.6 6.4 5.9 7.2

25 years and over.............................. 4,258 4,602 4,655 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2

25 to 54 years............................... 3,256 3,480 3,544 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3

25 to 34 years............................. 1,459 1,467 1,607 3.9 4.2 3.9 4.2 3.9 4.3

35 to 44 years............................. 938 1,110 1,078 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 858 903 859 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6

55 years and over........................... 973 1,110 1,081 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,203 3,473 3,398 3.6 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8

16 to 19 years..................................... 398 413 396 12.3 14.6 12.2 12.5 13.2 12.3

16 to 17 years.................................. 130 190 124 11.4 16.3 13.3 15.2 15.1 11.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 271 230 272 12.8 14.2 11.7 11.3 12.1 12.5

20 years and over................................ 2,805 3,060 3,002 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 646 551 610 8.0 7.8 7.1 6.4 7.0 7.9

25 years and over.............................. 2,258 2,583 2,474 2.9 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2

25 to 54 years............................... 1,747 1,913 1,896 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.3

25 to 34 years............................. 782 784 840 3.9 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.0 4.2

35 to 44 years............................. 532 652 597 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.0

45 to 54 years............................. 434 477 459 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6

55 years and over........................... 511 669 577 2.5 2.7 3.3 2.9 3.2 2.8

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,759 2,650 3,060 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 313 266 408 9.9 11.7 10.6 11.1 8.2 12.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 88 65 166 6.9 13.1 9.5 11.2 5.0 13.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 210 185 227 11.1 10.8 11.2 11.1 9.6 11.8

20 years and over................................ 2,446 2,385 2,653 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 457 369 487 5.9 6.2 6.1 6.4 4.9 6.4

25 years and over.............................. 2,000 2,019 2,182 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.2

25 to 54 years............................... 1,509 1,567 1,648 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.3

25 to 34 years............................. 678 683 767 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.9 4.4

35 to 44 years............................. 407 458 481 2.4 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.8

45 to 54 years............................. 425 426 401 2.8 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.6

55 years and over........................... 479 441 520 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.9

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 877 999 879 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.9

Married women, spouse present1................. 782 773 766 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.0

Women who maintain families2.................... 514 567 583 5.0 4.6 4.8 4.7 5.4 5.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 4,886 4,936 5,356 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.9

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,128 1,212 1,131 4.0 4.6 3.9 3.8 4.2 3.9

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,249 3,680 3,691 2,766 3,120 3,058 3,058 3,028 3,216

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,117 1,345 1,123 807 904 889 917 876 827

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,132 2,335 2,568 1,959 2,217 2,169 2,140 2,151 2,389

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,482 1,621 1,812 1,403 1,636 1,589 1,543 1,556 1,730

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 650 713 756 556 581 580 597 595 659

Job leavers........................................... 892 791 712 888 801 821 833 794 711

Reentrants............................................ 1,862 1,851 1,991 1,844 1,869 1,771 1,741 1,834 1,946

New entrants......................................... 462 456 576 521 603 582 609 550 611

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 50.3 54.3 53.0 46.0 48.8 49.1 49.0 48.8 49.6

On temporary layoff.............................. 17.3 19.8 16.1 13.4 14.1 14.3 14.7 14.1 12.8

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 33.0 34.4 36.8 32.5 34.7 34.8 34.3 34.7 36.8

Job leavers........................................... 13.8 11.7 10.2 14.8 12.5 13.2 13.4 12.8 11.0

Reentrants............................................ 28.8 27.3 28.6 30.6 29.2 28.4 27.9 29.5 30.0

New entrants......................................... 7.1 6.7 8.3 8.7 9.4 9.3 9.8 8.9 9.4

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.0 2.2 2.2 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

Reentrants............................................ 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2

New entrants......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,130 2,559 2,198 2,294 2,269 2,069 2,191 2,140 2,326

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,247 2,022 2,370 1,838 1,836 2,060 1,791 1,848 1,933

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,089 2,196 2,402 1,863 2,370 2,150 2,350 2,144 2,176

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 957 882 1,113 812 1,079 931 1,104 867 974

27 weeks and over............................... 1,131 1,314 1,288 1,051 1,291 1,220 1,245 1,277 1,203

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 19.1 19.5 20.6 19.3 21.6 19.5 22.3 20.8 20.9

Median duration, in weeks......................... 8.9 8.3 9.2 8.9 8.6 9.0 9.7 9.6 9.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 32.9 37.8 31.5 38.3 35.0 33.0 34.6 34.9 36.1

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 34.7 29.8 34.0 30.7 28.4 32.8 28.3 30.1 30.0

15 weeks and over.................................. 32.3 32.4 34.5 31.1 36.6 34.2 37.1 35.0 33.8

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 14.8 13.0 16.0 13.6 16.7 14.8 17.4 14.1 15.1

27 weeks and over............................... 17.5 19.4 18.5 17.5 19.9 19.4 19.7 20.8 18.7

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2024

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 159,713 160,315 6,465 6,970 3.9 4.2

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 69,986 70,217 1,406 1,580 2.0 2.2

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 30,137 29,861 632 731 2.1 2.4

Professional and related occupations.......................... 39,848 40,355 774 849 1.9 2.1

Service occupations................................................ 25,292 25,843 1,295 1,395 4.9 5.1

Sales and office occupations...................................... 30,220 29,884 1,327 1,368 4.2 4.4

Sales and related occupations.................................. 14,185 14,364 596 704 4.0 4.7

Office and administrative support occupations............... 16,035 15,520 731 664 4.4 4.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,190 14,287 902 940 6.0 6.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 946 981 85 119 8.2 10.8

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,474 8,400 713 665 7.8 7.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,769 4,905 104 156 2.1 3.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 20,025 20,085 1,073 1,101 5.1 5.2

Production occupations.......................................... 8,380 8,188 421 382 4.8 4.5

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 11,645 11,896 651 718 5.3 5.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2024

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 6,465 6,970 3.9 4.2

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,218 5,522 4.0 4.2

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 17 24 3.0 4.2

Construction.......................................................................... 708 711 6.6 7.0

Manufacturing........................................................................ 464 450 3.0 3.0

Durable goods..................................................................... 268 270 2.6 2.8

Nondurable goods................................................................ 196 180 3.6 3.4

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,039 926 5.4 4.7

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 377 424 4.5 5.2

Information............................................................................ 87 121 3.2 4.3

Financial activities................................................................... 227 242 2.2 2.4

Professional and business services............................................... 801 962 4.2 5.1

Education and health services..................................................... 611 587 2.4 2.2

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 693 810 5.2 5.9

Other services........................................................................ 194 265 3.1 3.9

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 105 140 7.1 9.0

Government workers................................................................... 374 373 1.7 1.7

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 306 359 3.0 3.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024

Feb.

2024

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.0 2.2 2.2 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 3.9 4.1 4.2 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.1 4.3 4.4 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.1

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.7 5.1 5.1 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 7.3 8.0 7.8 6.8 7.2 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2024

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2024

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 99,934 100,426 41,689 42,221 58,245 58,205

Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,987 5,546 2,514 2,621 2,472 2,925

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,420 1,559 771 792 649 767

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 361 425 202 245 159 180

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,059 1,135 569 548 490 587

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 8,041 8,411 4,014 3,986 4,027 4,425

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.0 5.2 4.7 4.7 5.4 5.8

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,415 4,830 2,379 2,513 2,036 2,317

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,051 2,210 824 766 1,227 1,444

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 388 386 236 238 152 148

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,142 934 562 438 580 495

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Change

from:

Jan.2024 -

Feb.2024p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,817 158,269 155,414 156,555 155,060 157,304 157,533 157,808 275

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,013 134,901 132,406 133,112 132,509 134,228 134,405 134,628 223

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,159 21,684 21,312 21,399 21,520 21,723 21,747 21,766 19

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 642 628 631 633 643 640 640 0

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.0 42.7 41.8 41.9 44.6 42.5 41.8 41.9 0.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . 579.3 599.1 586.5 589.1 588.4 600.2 598.0 598.1 0.1

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.3 118.8 119.0 118.1 116.3 118.1 119.7 119.1 -0.6

Mining (except oil and gas). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.5 187.0 183.7 184.5 187.6 188.5 189.2 189.4 0.2

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.5 42.6 42.7 43.0 42.6 42.8 42.9 43.1 0.2

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.2 43.9 43.3 43.4 43.3 44.0 43.6 43.6 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.8 100.5 97.7 98.1 101.7 101.7 102.7 102.7 0.0

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281.5 293.3 283.8 286.5 284.5 293.6 289.1 289.6 0.5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,642 8,051 7,802 7,855 7,947 8,120 8,139 8,162 23

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,760.0 1,834.7 1,802.9 1,809.3 1,799.8 1,837.1 1,844.2 1,848.3 4.1

Residential building construction. . . . . . . . . . . . 906.9 933.2 913.8 916.2 926.8 933.6 936.2 936.0 -0.2

Nonresidential building construction. . . . . . . . . 853.1 901.5 889.1 893.1 873.0 903.5 908.0 912.3 4.3

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,015.3 1,097.9 1,029.7 1,057.6 1,104.6 1,134.7 1,133.4 1,145.9 12.5

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,866.8 5,118.5 4,969.8 4,987.9 5,042.1 5,148.2 5,161.2 5,167.6 6.4

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,271.9 2,376.5 2,305.1 2,314.2 2,347.3 2,394.0 2,395.9 2,394.9 -1.0

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,594.9 2,742.0 2,664.7 2,673.7 2,694.8 2,754.2 2,765.3 2,772.7 7.4

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,893 12,991 12,882 12,913 12,940 12,960 12,968 12,964 -4

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,055 8,172 8,106 8,126 8,075 8,148 8,147 8,149 2

Wood product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419.7 414.3 411.2 413.7 421.6 414.3 414.0 415.6 1.6

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.4 425.6 411.9 412.0 422.4 424.3 421.8 420.9 -0.9

Primary metal manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370.8 374.3 370.8 371.2 371.1 372.4 372.3 371.6 -0.7

Fabricated metal product manufacturing. . . . 1,446.9 1,465.4 1,462.8 1,470.5 1,449.8 1,464.3 1,468.5 1,472.9 4.4

Machinery manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,126.5 1,142.7 1,140.0 1,139.5 1,127.3 1,142.0 1,141.7 1,140.4 -1.3

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,106.1 1,109.7 1,102.4 1,102.2 1,109.7 1,107.9 1,107.6 1,105.9 -1.7

Computer and peripheral equipment

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.1 164.2 162.8 160.6 163.7 163.2 162.6 161.3 -1.3

Communications equipment

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.8 87.0 86.2 86.2 85.1 86.9 86.7 86.6 -0.1

Semiconductor and other electronic

component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398.8 392.8 391.1 391.0 400.5 392.8 393.3 392.6 -0.7

Navigational, measuring, electromedical,

and control instruments

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428.6 435.2 432.0 434.1 429.1 434.8 434.1 434.7 0.6

Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic

and optical media and audio and video

equipment manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8 30.5 30.3 30.3 31.3 30.2 30.8 30.7 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.0 414.1 410.2 412.3 415.9 413.8 411.6 414.1 2.5

Transportation equipment manufacturing1

. . . 1,763.1 1,846.3 1,830.1 1,834.1 1,761.3 1,831.3 1,836.0 1,834.1 -1.9

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,026.7 1,076.3 1,061.4 1,064.7 1,026.1 1,063.1 1,065.5 1,065.1 -0.4

Furniture and related product

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.9 351.2 344.8 345.9 364.4 349.7 346.8 346.7 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629.5 628.4 622.0 624.7 631.6 627.5 626.3 626.9 0.6

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,838 4,819 4,776 4,787 4,865 4,812 4,821 4,815 -6

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,718.7 1,738.4 1,718.5 1,722.4 1,725.6 1,729.0 1,730.8 1,729.1 -1.7

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.3 89.3 88.3 89.2 92.3 89.3 89.3 90.0 0.7

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.5 95.6 95.0 94.7 102.7 95.3 95.2 94.9 -0.3

Apparel manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.6 87.5 86.4 85.3 91.2 87.6 87.3 86.3 -1.0

Paper manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361.9 356.0 351.1 350.8 361.0 353.6 351.2 350.3 -0.9

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 373.7 366.2 364.4 363.4 376.2 364.1 367.4 365.7 -1.7

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.6 106.8 105.7 107.4 107.6 109.2 110.5 111.1 0.6

Chemical manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904.6 896.7 892.7 894.7 903.1 895.0 895.6 893.5 -2.1

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742.9 728.2 725.4 727.1 744.6 727.1 729.8 729.5 -0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Change

from:

Jan.2024 -

Feb.2024p

Nondurable goods - Continued

Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied

product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348.0 354.3 348.4 351.8 360.9 361.4 363.6 364.7 1.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,854 113,217 111,094 111,713 110,989 112,505 112,658 112,862 204

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,602 29,648 28,769 28,663 28,851 28,867 28,852 28,892 40

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,055.8 6,178.1 6,113.5 6,121.7 6,087.0 6,159.5 6,156.2 6,155.0 -1.2

Merchant wholesalers, durable goods. . . . . . . 3,365.1 3,435.2 3,410.5 3,414.8 3,373.1 3,425.3 3,425.5 3,423.8 -1.7

Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods. . . 2,178.1 2,224.6 2,194.9 2,197.6 2,199.7 2,218.9 2,219.3 2,219.6 0.3

Wholesale trade agents and brokers. . . . . . . . 512.6 518.3 508.1 509.3 514.2 515.3 511.4 511.6 0.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,431.6 16,048.2 15,574.3 15,488.6 15,606.8 15,602.7 15,617.9 15,636.6 18.7

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,011.8 2,067.8 2,049.1 2,055.1 2,027.2 2,071.8 2,070.9 2,071.3 0.4

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,264.9 1,294.1 1,286.5 1,287.3 1,267.9 1,292.9 1,293.7 1,290.6 -3.1

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.7 168.3 163.8 165.0 179.0 174.8 173.9 172.9 -1.0

Automotive parts, accessories, and tire

retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575.2 605.4 598.8 602.8 580.2 604.2 603.2 607.7 4.5

Building material and garden equipment

and supplies dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,381.9 1,393.3 1,338.2 1,338.9 1,420.1 1,399.6 1,385.1 1,378.8 -6.3

Food and beverage retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,229.1 3,285.1 3,238.8 3,246.0 3,238.7 3,247.4 3,250.2 3,253.1 2.9

Furniture, home furnishings, electronics,

and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867.7 866.3 834.6 827.7 865.8 829.6 828.1 825.4 -2.7

Furniture and home furnishings retailers.. . 440.5 445.2 430.6 428.5 438.2 426.2 426.2 425.8 -0.4

Electronics and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . 427.2 421.1 404.0 399.2 427.6 403.5 401.9 399.7 -2.2

General merchandise retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,172.9 3,421.9 3,247.7 3,214.4 3,217.2 3,209.1 3,226.7 3,243.9 17.2

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936.6 1,052.9 965.1 940.4 963.9 938.4 950.2 960.7 10.5

Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and

other general merchandise retailers. . . . 2,236.3 2,369.0 2,282.6 2,274.0 2,253.4 2,270.7 2,276.4 2,283.2 6.8

Health and personal care retailers. . . . . . . . . . . 1,101.8 1,122.1 1,105.0 1,102.8 1,099.7 1,093.2 1,094.5 1,100.5 6.0

Gasoline stations and fuel dealers. . . . . . . . . . 1,039.1 1,070.3 1,063.6 1,063.5 1,050.9 1,071.0 1,072.3 1,074.3 2.0

Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and

jewelry retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,124.2 1,237.7 1,167.0 1,124.0 1,156.0 1,145.8 1,148.8 1,150.9 2.1

Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument,

book, and miscellaneous retailers. . . . . . . . . 1,503.1 1,583.7 1,530.3 1,516.2 1,531.2 1,535.2 1,541.3 1,538.4 -2.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,549.3 6,837.2 6,497.7 6,467.3 6,588.0 6,520.6 6,491.7 6,511.4 19.7

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531.7 568.6 564.5 568.5 536.0 569.9 569.5 573.4 3.9

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.7 152.7 153.0 153.0 151.4 153.1 153.0 152.8 -0.2

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.7 69.4 69.6 69.7 67.4 70.9 72.3 72.7 0.4

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,553.5 1,557.8 1,529.6 1,524.5 1,579.5 1,551.8 1,551.5 1,551.2 -0.3

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439.9 447.5 438.7 445.9 426.3 431.4 430.2 432.3 2.1

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.7 51.7 52.2 52.5 51.8 51.8 52.4 52.5 0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 22.8 29.0 25.2 26.2 29.5 33.0 31.6 32.2 0.6

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 816.9 841.9 832.0 834.6 819.0 831.9 833.7 836.3 2.6

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,062.8 1,301.2 1,056.8 1,025.9 1,077.6 1,059.9 1,032.0 1,049.3 17.3

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,853.6 1,817.4 1,776.1 1,766.5 1,849.5 1,766.9 1,765.5 1,758.7 -6.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565.3 584.9 583.5 585.7 569.1 583.8 585.7 588.9 3.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,028 3,028 2,973 2,996 3,049 3,012 3,018 3,020 2

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399.3 439.5 409.7 428.0 416.4 431.3 440.0 443.2 3.2

Publishing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949.4 935.5 920.5 922.2 954.0 931.7 928.1 930.3 2.2

Broadcasting and content providers. . . . . . . . . . . 354.0 345.7 340.8 341.6 353.4 343.0 343.2 341.4 -1.8

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658.1 634.8 631.5 633.0 656.8 634.8 634.2 632.0 -2.2

Computing infrastructure providers, data

processing, web hosting, and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.4 495.5 493.2 493.7 483.2 493.6 494.0 494.3 0.3

Web search portals, libraries, archives, and

other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.1 177.3 177.3 177.6 185.2 177.6 178.7 178.9 0.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,097 9,265 9,178 9,180 9,146 9,233 9,232 9,233 1

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,690.0 6,756.9 6,717.8 6,718.8 6,699.4 6,737.6 6,733.7 6,730.9 -2.8

Monetary authorities-central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.6 22.5 22.6 22.5 -0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,645.5 2,607.6 2,597.3 2,590.8 2,643.2 2,603.8 2,597.9 2,589.0 -8.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Change

from:

Jan.2024 -

Feb.2024p

Credit intermediation and related -

Continued

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,804.8 1,785.9 1,782.9 1,781.4 1,802.5 1,785.3 1,782.6 1,779.1 -3.5

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,402.7 1,377.0 1,374.1 1,373.6 1,399.5 1,377.7 1,374.2 1,370.5 -3.7

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 541.1 534.2 529.9 525.6 542.6 531.4 530.4 526.7 -3.7

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 299.6 287.5 284.5 283.8 298.1 287.2 284.9 283.3 -1.6

Securities, commodity contracts, funds,

trusts, and other financial vehicles,

investments, and related activities. . . . . . . . 1,080.7 1,120.0 1,105.7 1,107.9 1,086.5 1,114.6 1,113.1 1,115.1 2.0

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,941.3 3,006.8 2,992.3 2,997.6 2,947.1 2,996.7 3,000.1 3,004.3 4.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,407.2 2,508.0 2,460.2 2,461.1 2,447.0 2,495.7 2,498.4 2,501.9 3.5

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,828.5 1,891.3 1,856.6 1,859.8 1,849.5 1,872.8 1,876.4 1,879.7 3.3

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556.2 593.2 580.7 578.3 574.7 599.7 598.6 598.8 0.2

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets

(except copyrighted works). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 23.5 22.9 23.0 22.8 23.2 23.4 23.4 0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,533 22,965 22,548 22,683 22,779 22,882 22,922 22,931 9

Professional, scientific, and technical

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,731.5 10,984.7 10,912.6 10,982.9 10,712.2 10,934.4 10,957.0 10,972.7 15.7

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,175.0 1,204.9 1,183.2 1,186.7 1,181.4 1,193.5 1,189.9 1,192.6 2.7

Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping,

and payroll services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,209.1 1,159.5 1,192.4 1,235.7 1,134.0 1,157.6 1,162.6 1,163.6 1.0

Architectural, engineering, and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,619.3 1,670.4 1,660.1 1,665.9 1,642.9 1,672.6 1,683.3 1,689.7 6.4

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.7 156.3 153.8 154.1 152.7 154.6 156.0 156.0 0.0

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,477.6 2,531.2 2,525.4 2,531.8 2,479.4 2,524.9 2,530.1 2,534.3 4.2

Management, scientific, and technical

consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,835.6 1,910.9 1,874.2 1,876.4 1,842.0 1,890.8 1,887.2 1,886.3 -0.9

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916.7 949.2 946.3 952.4 921.1 950.5 955.0 957.1 2.1

Advertising, public relations, and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500.8 521.1 513.7 516.6 503.0 517.9 519.6 519.2 -0.4

Other professional, scientific, and technical

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846.7 881.2 863.5 863.3 855.8 872.0 873.2 873.8 0.6

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,542.2 2,566.7 2,548.9 2,551.7 2,551.0 2,558.0 2,557.3 2,560.6 3.3

Administrative and support and waste

management and remediation services. . . . . 9,259.1 9,413.3 9,086.8 9,148.3 9,515.7 9,389.2 9,408.0 9,397.8 -10.2

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,770.9 8,906.7 8,583.9 8,642.7 9,020.6 8,881.1 8,896.3 8,885.2 -11.1

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 605.0 630.2 627.8 628.2 610.9 632.2 634.5 635.4 0.9

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.5 172.7 173.0 172.4 165.7 172.8 173.3 173.4 0.1

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,675.2 3,633.7 3,435.0 3,482.0 3,728.1 3,533.4 3,537.7 3,523.6 -14.1

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,915.8 2,855.1 2,668.4 2,717.1 2,955.0 2,764.5 2,763.3 2,747.9 -15.4

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757.0 742.6 722.7 716.6 757.1 723.7 719.9 716.6 -3.3

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183.2 196.1 195.2 195.0 186.3 197.4 197.9 198.2 0.3

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 990.6 1,015.3 1,004.2 1,010.9 999.6 1,012.8 1,015.8 1,018.6 2.8

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,067.7 2,173.8 2,091.1 2,100.2 2,237.0 2,266.1 2,273.1 2,274.1 1.0

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327.7 342.3 334.9 337.4 335.8 342.6 344.1 345.3 1.2

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488.2 506.6 502.9 505.6 495.1 508.1 511.7 512.6 0.9

Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . 25,069 25,980 25,754 26,129 24,968 25,831 25,938 26,023 85

Private educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,928.9 3,907.2 3,757.7 3,994.3 3,795.1 3,842.5 3,862.4 3,856.8 -5.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,139.7 22,073.0 21,996.7 22,134.3 21,173.0 21,988.5 22,075.1 22,165.8 90.7

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,673.5 17,368.6 17,298.4 17,396.3 16,703.3 17,293.3 17,357.3 17,424.0 66.7

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 8,321.3 8,684.6 8,623.9 8,676.7 8,335.7 8,635.0 8,661.8 8,689.8 28.0

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,868.5 3,008.4 2,987.3 2,997.1 2,874.7 2,985.1 2,995.4 3,004.1 8.7

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,016.9 1,037.1 1,025.8 1,026.3 1,021.2 1,031.6 1,029.4 1,031.3 1.9

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 1,136.1 1,188.6 1,177.2 1,193.0 1,135.7 1,183.6 1,186.6 1,192.2 5.6

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,057.9 1,082.9 1,079.3 1,076.5 1,054.7 1,075.9 1,077.6 1,074.1 -3.5

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 320.8 326.3 323.1 324.0 319.9 325.3 323.5 323.7 0.2

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,578.4 1,687.6 1,680.1 1,705.6 1,586.3 1,680.4 1,697.0 1,709.9 12.9

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342.7 353.7 351.1 354.2 343.1 353.1 352.4 354.5 2.1

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,260.3 5,453.3 5,456.6 5,486.7 5,267.9 5,439.9 5,466.3 5,494.0 27.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Change

from:

Jan.2024 -

Feb.2024p

Health care - Continued

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,091.9 3,230.7 3,217.9 3,232.9 3,099.7 3,218.4 3,229.2 3,240.2 11.0

Skilled nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,386.8 1,449.2 1,445.1 1,451.0 1,391.7 1,444.4 1,449.3 1,455.7 6.4

Residential intellectual and

developmental disability, mental

health, and substance abuse

facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622.5 655.3 651.6 658.2 624.6 653.7 655.9 660.3 4.4

Continuing care retirement

communities and assisted living

facilities for the elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927.0 967.3 962.6 964.2 928.1 962.2 964.8 965.1 0.3

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 155.6 158.9 158.6 159.5 155.4 158.2 159.2 159.1 -0.1

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,466.2 4,704.4 4,698.3 4,738.0 4,469.7 4,695.2 4,717.8 4,741.8 24.0

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,952.3 3,130.0 3,134.1 3,161.3 2,955.4 3,127.7 3,144.1 3,163.1 19.0

Community food and housing, and

emergency and other relief services. . . . 214.3 228.0 223.6 227.0 213.0 224.7 224.7 225.9 1.2

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 275.6 285.6 283.4 285.7 278.5 286.1 287.4 287.8 0.4

Child care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,024.0 1,060.8 1,057.2 1,064.0 1,022.8 1,056.8 1,061.6 1,065.0 3.4

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,801 16,485 16,078 16,243 16,412 16,816 16,824 16,882 58

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,222.3 2,447.8 2,375.9 2,412.7 2,442.9 2,599.7 2,621.0 2,634.3 13.3

Performing arts, spectator sports, and

related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490.1 593.2 553.7 576.0 537.5 613.6 620.3 624.6 4.3

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.1 170.2 163.7 163.8 167.6 175.7 177.2 177.7 0.5

Amusement, gambling, and recreation

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,578.1 1,684.4 1,658.5 1,672.9 1,737.8 1,810.4 1,823.5 1,832.0 8.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,578.6 14,037.1 13,702.4 13,830.1 13,969.5 14,216.4 14,202.7 14,247.3 44.6

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,784.3 1,853.3 1,817.4 1,826.4 1,880.4 1,924.2 1,922.2 1,925.2 3.0

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,794.3 12,183.8 11,885.0 12,003.7 12,089.1 12,292.2 12,280.5 12,322.1 41.6

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,724 5,846 5,794 5,819 5,784 5,864 5,872 5,881 9

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,417.1 1,468.3 1,457.3 1,460.9 1,431.8 1,473.2 1,475.4 1,477.1 1.7

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,506.6 1,543.4 1,523.3 1,529.7 1,523.4 1,542.5 1,546.2 1,548.3 2.1

Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional,

and similar organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,800.1 2,834.3 2,813.8 2,828.3 2,829.2 2,848.3 2,850.3 2,856.0 5.7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,804 23,368 23,008 23,443 22,551 23,076 23,128 23,180 52

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,880 2,971 2,958 2,972 2,892 2,961 2,973 2,982 9

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,276.4 2,358.3 2,353.5 2,364.8 2,288.8 2,359.7 2,367.6 2,376.4 8.8

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.2 612.3 604.8 607.1 602.9 601.1 605.5 605.8 0.3

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,344 5,494 5,330 5,557 5,229 5,404 5,423 5,428 5

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,665.9 2,737.8 2,570.5 2,791.9 2,537.1 2,637.0 2,648.0 2,649.8 1.8

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,678.5 2,756.4 2,759.3 2,765.3 2,691.4 2,766.5 2,774.9 2,778.6 3.7

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,580 14,903 14,720 14,914 14,430 14,711 14,732 14,770 38

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,185.1 8,308.9 8,155.2 8,312.9 7,919.8 8,038.7 8,041.0 8,053.2 12.2

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,394.5 6,594.0 6,564.4 6,601.1 6,510.6 6,671.9 6,690.6 6,716.3 25.7

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.4 34.2 34.3

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.0 39.7 39.4 39.7

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.8 45.5 44.6 45.0

Construction....................................................................... 39.0 39.0 38.5 38.9

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.3 39.8 39.8 39.9

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.7 40.3 40.2 40.4

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.5 39.0 39.1 39.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.4 33.3 33.1 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.0 33.9 33.6 33.9

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 38.9 38.9 39.1

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.0 29.7 29.4 29.8

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.4 38.5 38.1 38.0

Utilities........................................................................... 42.4 41.7 42.2 42.3

Information......................................................................... 36.5 36.3 36.3 36.4

Financial activities................................................................ 37.4 37.4 37.3 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.6 36.4 36.3 36.4

Private education and health services......................................... 33.4 33.3 33.2 33.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.6 25.8 25.4 25.6

Other services..................................................................... 32.3 32.3 32.2 32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.0

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.1

Nondurable goods................................................................... 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Total private............................................... $33.15 $34.34 $34.52 $34.57 $1,143.68 $1,181.30 $1,180.58 $1,185.75

Goods-producing....................................... 33.39 34.92 35.07 35.11 1,335.60 1,386.32 1,381.76 1,393.87

Mining and logging.................................. 37.13 38.76 39.15 39.32 1,700.55 1,763.58 1,746.09 1,769.40

Construction.......................................... 35.86 37.31 37.56 37.53 1,398.54 1,455.09 1,446.06 1,459.92

Manufacturing........................................ 31.71 33.23 33.33 33.40 1,277.91 1,322.55 1,326.53 1,332.66

Durable goods.................................... 33.22 34.93 35.10 35.19 1,352.05 1,407.68 1,411.02 1,421.68

Nondurable goods................................ 29.13 30.25 30.26 30.27 1,150.64 1,179.75 1,183.17 1,183.56

Private service-providing.............................. 33.10 34.20 34.39 34.44 1,105.54 1,138.86 1,138.31 1,146.85

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 28.65 29.61 29.71 29.71 974.10 1,003.78 998.26 1,007.17

Wholesale trade.................................. 36.22 37.21 37.24 37.39 1,405.34 1,447.47 1,448.64 1,461.95

Retail trade........................................ 23.77 24.25 24.22 24.17 713.10 720.23 712.07 720.27

Transportation and warehousing............... 28.67 30.24 30.51 30.57 1,100.93 1,164.24 1,162.43 1,161.66

Utilities............................................. 49.02 50.43 50.77 50.75 2,078.45 2,102.93 2,142.49 2,146.73

Information........................................... 47.98 49.11 49.08 48.85 1,751.27 1,782.69 1,781.60 1,778.14

Financial activities................................... 42.57 44.51 44.81 45.06 1,592.12 1,664.67 1,671.41 1,685.24

Professional and business services.............. 39.83 41.24 41.43 41.53 1,457.78 1,501.14 1,503.91 1,511.69

Private education and health services............ 32.68 33.64 33.83 33.91 1,091.51 1,120.21 1,123.16 1,125.81

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 20.82 21.59 21.67 21.79 532.99 557.02 550.42 557.82

Other services....................................... 29.70 31.06 31.20 31.26 959.31 1,003.24 1,004.64 1,009.70

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2024 -

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2024 -

Feb.

2024p

Total private..................................... 114.8 115.9 115.4 115.9 0.4 181.9 190.3 190.4 191.6 0.6

Goods-producing............................. 98.1 98.3 97.6 98.4 0.8 148.0 155.1 154.7 156.2 1.0

Mining and logging........................ 91.1 91.9 89.7 90.5 0.9 135.8 143.1 141.0 142.9 1.3

Construction................................ 106.8 109.2 108.0 109.4 1.3 166.5 177.0 176.3 178.5 1.2

Manufacturing.............................. 93.8 92.8 92.9 93.1 0.2 138.3 143.4 143.9 144.5 0.4

Durable goods........................... 92.5 92.4 92.2 92.7 0.5 136.5 143.4 143.7 144.9 0.8

Nondurable goods...................... 95.9 93.7 94.1 94.0 -0.1 141.8 143.8 144.5 144.3 -0.1

Private service-providing.................... 119.3 120.6 120.1 121.0 0.7 192.0 200.5 200.7 202.6 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 107.2 106.9 105.9 107.0 1.0 165.6 170.7 169.7 171.5 1.1

Wholesale trade......................... 104.2 105.7 105.6 106.2 0.6 157.8 164.5 164.6 166.0 0.9

Retail trade.............................. 95.3 94.3 93.5 94.8 1.4 149.8 151.2 149.7 151.6 1.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 145.4 144.2 142.1 142.2 0.1 212.0 221.9 220.6 221.1 0.2

Utilities.................................... 104.4 105.3 106.9 107.8 0.8 169.1 175.5 179.4 180.7 0.7

Information................................. 101.7 99.9 100.1 100.4 0.3 173.7 174.6 174.9 174.6 -0.2

Financial activities......................... 112.1 113.1 112.8 113.1 0.3 186.1 196.4 197.2 198.8 0.8

Professional and business services..... 130.4 130.3 130.2 130.6 0.3 210.4 217.7 218.5 219.7 0.5

Private education and health services... 136.2 140.5 140.6 141.1 0.4 214.1 227.3 228.8 230.1 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 119.9 123.8 121.9 123.3 1.1 201.4 215.6 213.2 216.8 1.7

Other services............................. 107.7 109.2 109.0 109.5 0.5 175.3 185.9 186.4 187.7 0.7

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Total nonfarm............................................. 77,212 78,443 78,575 78,689 49.8 49.9 49.9 49.9

Total private............................................ 64,046 64,978 65,063 65,140 48.3 48.4 48.4 48.4

Goods-producing.................................... 4,962 5,013 5,018 5,009 23.1 23.1 23.1 23.0

Mining and logging............................... 81 84 85 85 12.8 13.1 13.3 13.3

Construction....................................... 1,116 1,160 1,162 1,164 14.0 14.3 14.3 14.3

Manufacturing..................................... 3,765 3,769 3,771 3,760 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.0

Durable goods.................................. 2,014 2,032 2,025 2,025 24.9 24.9 24.9 24.8

Nondurable goods............................. 1,751 1,737 1,746 1,735 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.0

Private service-providing........................... 59,084 59,965 60,045 60,131 53.2 53.3 53.3 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,345 11,277 11,263 11,254 39.3 39.1 39.0 39.0

Wholesale trade................................ 1,867.1 1,878.7 1,871.9 1,867.8 30.7 30.5 30.4 30.3

Retail trade..................................... 7,538.6 7,506.5 7,513.4 7,511.5 48.3 48.1 48.1 48.0

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,790.7 1,737.0 1,722.5 1,718.2 27.2 26.6 26.5 26.4

Utilities........................................... 148.5 155.0 155.5 156.3 26.1 26.6 26.5 26.5

Information......................................... 1,227 1,215 1,219 1,215 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.2

Financial activities................................ 5,088 5,137 5,141 5,144 55.6 55.6 55.7 55.7

Professional and business services............ 10,497 10,510 10,542 10,552 46.1 45.9 46.0 46.0

Private education and health services......... 19,193 19,864 19,923 19,994 76.9 76.9 76.8 76.8

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,650 8,832 8,827 8,835 52.7 52.5 52.5 52.3

Other services..................................... 3,084 3,130 3,130 3,137 53.3 53.4 53.3 53.3

Government............................................. 13,166 13,465 13,512 13,549 58.4 58.4 58.4 58.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Total private............................................................................... 107,894 109,187 109,432 109,591

Goods-producing....................................................................... 15,437 15,510 15,542 15,553

Mining and logging.................................................................. 480 499 501 503

Construction.......................................................................... 5,849 5,946 5,962 5,964

Manufacturing........................................................................ 9,108 9,065 9,079 9,086

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,609 5,592 5,589 5,594

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,499 3,473 3,490 3,492

Private service-providing.............................................................. 92,457 93,677 93,890 94,038

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 24,301 24,363 24,356 24,384

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,834.8 4,857.7 4,864.4 4,857.3

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,269.1 13,348.3 13,353.8 13,356.1

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 5,744.4 5,691.9 5,670.4 5,700.5

Utilities.............................................................................. 452.4 464.7 466.9 470.3

Information............................................................................ 2,431 2,410 2,430 2,420

Financial activities................................................................... 6,891 6,949 6,953 6,967

Professional and business services............................................... 18,089 18,033 18,085 18,080

Private education and health services............................................ 21,736 22,498 22,595 22,672

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,302 14,663 14,701 14,742

Other services........................................................................ 4,707 4,761 4,770 4,773

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.9 33.8 33.5 33.8

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.6 40.3 39.9 40.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 47.4 47.9 47.0 47.6

Construction....................................................................... 39.8 39.8 38.9 39.6

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 40.3 40.2 40.5

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.0 40.6 40.4 40.8

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.1 39.9 39.9 40.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.8 32.7 32.5 32.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.1 34.0 33.8 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.8 38.8 39.2

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.5 30.2 30.1 30.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 37.9 38.0 37.5 37.5

Utilities........................................................................... 42.8 42.2 42.3 42.2

Information......................................................................... 36.2 35.7 35.8 35.7

Financial activities................................................................ 37.2 36.8 36.8 36.9

Professional and business services............................................ 36.3 36.3 36.1 36.3

Private education and health services......................................... 32.6 32.4 32.3 32.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.3 24.4 24.0 24.3

Other services..................................................................... 31.3 31.3 31.1 31.4

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.6

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.6

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Total private............................................... $28.42 $29.51 $29.64 $29.71 $963.44 $997.44 $992.94 $1,004.20

Goods-producing....................................... 28.99 30.42 30.54 30.63 1,176.99 1,225.93 1,218.55 1,237.45

Mining and logging.................................. 33.57 35.66 36.07 36.57 1,591.22 1,708.11 1,695.29 1,740.73

Construction.......................................... 33.56 34.98 35.25 35.21 1,335.69 1,392.20 1,371.23 1,394.32

Manufacturing........................................ 25.83 27.13 27.18 27.31 1,051.28 1,093.34 1,092.64 1,106.06

Durable goods.................................... 27.00 28.34 28.47 28.60 1,107.00 1,150.60 1,150.19 1,166.88

Nondurable goods................................ 23.91 25.14 25.09 25.20 958.79 1,003.09 1,001.09 1,008.00

Private service-providing.............................. 28.31 29.32 29.46 29.53 928.57 958.76 957.45 965.63

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 24.92 25.64 25.80 25.92 849.77 871.76 872.04 881.28

Wholesale trade.................................. 30.14 30.80 30.95 31.02 1,172.45 1,195.04 1,200.86 1,215.98

Retail trade........................................ 20.37 20.72 20.75 20.82 621.29 625.74 624.58 630.85

Transportation and warehousing............... 27.21 28.61 29.02 29.29 1,031.26 1,087.18 1,088.25 1,098.38

Utilities............................................. 43.59 44.58 44.83 44.49 1,865.65 1,881.28 1,896.31 1,877.48

Information........................................... 38.95 40.60 40.53 40.28 1,409.99 1,449.42 1,450.97 1,438.00

Financial activities................................... 33.25 34.80 35.04 35.32 1,236.90 1,280.64 1,289.47 1,303.31

Professional and business services.............. 33.63 34.77 34.95 34.96 1,220.77 1,262.15 1,261.70 1,269.05

Private education and health services............ 29.74 30.75 30.85 30.96 969.52 996.30 996.46 1,003.10

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 18.25 19.29 19.23 19.27 443.48 470.68 461.52 468.26

Other services....................................... 25.50 26.93 27.02 27.05 798.15 842.91 840.32 849.37

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2024 -

Feb.

2024p

Feb.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Feb.

2024p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2024 -

Feb.

2024p

Total private..................................... 121.9 123.0 122.2 123.4 1.0 231.5 242.6 242.0 245.1 1.3

Goods-producing............................. 95.8 95.5 94.8 96.0 1.3 170.0 177.9 177.2 180.1 1.6

Mining and logging........................ 120.9 127.0 125.1 127.2 1.7 236.1 263.4 262.5 270.6 3.1

Construction................................ 116.6 118.5 116.1 118.3 1.9 211.2 223.8 221.0 224.8 1.7

Manufacturing.............................. 85.1 83.9 83.8 84.5 0.8 143.7 148.8 148.9 150.9 1.3

Durable goods........................... 86.4 85.3 84.8 85.7 1.1 145.6 150.9 150.8 153.1 1.5

Nondurable goods...................... 82.7 81.6 82.0 82.3 0.4 139.7 145.0 145.5 146.6 0.8

Private service-providing.................... 129.2 130.5 130.0 131.0 0.8 250.9 262.5 262.7 265.4 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 116.0 116.0 115.2 116.1 0.8 206.6 212.5 212.5 215.0 1.2

Wholesale trade......................... 111.6 111.9 112.0 113.0 0.9 198.6 203.3 204.6 206.9 1.1

Retail trade.............................. 102.6 102.2 101.9 102.6 0.7 179.2 181.6 181.3 183.2 1.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 164.8 163.7 160.9 161.8 0.6 285.4 298.1 297.3 301.6 1.4

Utilities.................................... 99.0 100.3 101.0 101.5 0.5 180.2 186.6 189.0 188.5 -0.3

Information................................. 100.4 98.2 99.3 98.6 -0.7 193.7 197.4 199.2 196.6 -1.3

Financial activities......................... 120.6 120.4 120.4 121.0 0.5 246.8 257.7 259.6 262.9 1.3

Professional and business services..... 146.6 146.1 145.7 146.5 0.5 293.2 302.2 303.0 304.6 0.5

Private education and health services... 151.1 155.4 155.6 156.6 0.6 296.6 315.4 316.8 320.0 1.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 127.3 131.1 129.2 131.2 1.5 263.8 287.1 282.2 287.2 1.8

Other services............................. 103.3 104.5 104.0 105.1 1.1 192.0 205.1 204.8 207.2 1.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.