Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-21-0365

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, March 5, 2021

Technical information: 

Household data: cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — FEBRUARY 2021

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 379,000 in February, and the unemployment rate was 

little changed at 6.2 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The labor market 

continued to reflect the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In February, most of the job 

gains occurred in leisure and hospitality, with smaller gains in temporary help services, health care and 

social assistance, retail trade, and manufacturing. Employment declined in state and local government 

education, construction, and mining. 

Effect of Severe Winter Storms on Employment Estimates

Severe winter weather occurred in much of the country during the February reference periods for the 

establishment and household surveys. For information on how weather can affect data on employment 

and hours, see Question 8 in the Frequently Asked Questions section of this news release.

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

February 2019 – February 2021

Percent

125,000

130,000

135,000

140,000

145,000

150,000

155,000

160,000

Feb-19 May-19 Aug-19 Nov-19 Feb-20 May-20 Aug-20 Nov-20 Feb-21

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

February 2019 – February 2021

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Feb-19 May-19 Aug-19 Nov-19 Feb-20 May-20 Aug-20 Nov-20 Feb-21
-2-

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 6.2 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 10.0 million, 

changed little in February. Although both measures are much lower than their April 2020 highs, they

remain well above their pre-pandemic levels in February 2020 (3.5 percent and 5.7 million, 

respectively). (See table A-1. See the box note on page 5 of this news release for more information about 

how the household survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Asians declined to 5.1 percent in 

February. The rates for adult men (6.0 percent), adult women (5.9 percent), teenagers (13.9 percent), 

Whites (5.6 percent), Blacks (9.9 percent), and Hispanics (8.5 percent) showed little or no change. (See 

tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff fell by 517,000 in February to 2.2 

million. This measure is 1.5 million higher than the level a year earlier but is down considerably from 

the recent high of 18.0 million in April 2020. The number of permanent job losers, at 3.5 million, was 

essentially unchanged in February but is 2.2 million higher than a year earlier. (See table A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 4.1 million, changed 

little over the month but is up by 3.0 million over the year. In February, these long-term unemployed 

accounted for 41.5 percent of the total unemployed. The number of persons jobless less than 5 weeks, 

at 2.2 million, also changed little over the month. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate remained at 61.4 percent in February. This measure is 1.9 

percentage points lower than the value a year earlier. The employment-population ratio, at 57.6 

percent, changed little over the month but is down by 3.5 percentage points over the year. (See table A1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 6.1 million, changed little in 

February but is up by 1.7 million over the year. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time 

employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find 

full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

In February, the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 6.9 million,

little changed over the month but up by 1.9 million over the year. These individuals were not counted as 

unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4 weeks or were 

unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who currently want a job, the number of persons marginally 

attached to the labor force, at 1.9 million, was essentially unchanged in February but is up by 453,000 

over the year. These individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime 

in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of 

discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for 
-3-

them, was 522,000 in February, little changed from the previous month but up by 121,000 over the year. 

(See Summary table A.)

Household Survey Supplemental Data

In February, 22.7 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, 

down from 23.2 percent in January. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked at 

home for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically because of the pandemic.

In February, 13.3 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer 

closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at 

some point in the last 4 weeks due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 14.8 million in January. 

Among those who reported in February that they were unable to work because of pandemic-related 

closures or lost business, 10.5 percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours 

not worked, down from 12.7 percent in January.

Among those not in the labor force in February, 4.2 million persons were prevented from looking for 

work due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 4.7 million in January. (To be counted as 

unemployed, by definition, individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.)

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May 2020 to 

help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables 

with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at 

www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 379,000 in February but is down by 9.5 million, or 

6.2 percent, from its pre-pandemic level in February 2020. In February of this year, most of the job gains 

occurred in leisure and hospitality, with smaller gains in temporary help services, health care and social 

assistance, retail trade, and manufacturing. Employment declined in state and local government 

education, construction, and mining. (See table B-1. See the box note on page 5 for more information 

about how the establishment survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.)

In February, employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 355,000, as pandemic-related 

restrictions eased in some parts of the country. About four-fifths of the increase was in food services and 

drinking places (+286,000). Employment also rose in accommodation (+36,000) and in amusements, 

gambling, and recreation (+33,000). Employment in leisure and hospitality is down over the year by 3.5 

million, or 20.4 percent.

Within professional and business services, temporary help services added 53,000 jobs in February but

is down by 175,000 from a year ago. 

Employment in health care and social assistance increased by 46,000 in February. Health care 

employment was little changed over the month (+20,000), following a large decline in the prior month 

(-85,000). In February, job gains in ambulatory health care services (+29,000) were partially offset by 

losses in nursing care facilities (-12,000). Employment in social assistance rose by 26,000, mostly in 
-4-

individual and family services (+18,000). Employment in health care and social assistance is down by 

909,000 over the year.

Retail trade added 41,000 jobs in February. Job growth was widespread in the industry, with the largest 

gains occurring in general merchandise stores (+14,000), health and personal care stores (+12,000), and 

food and beverage stores (+10,000). These gains were partially offset by a loss in clothing and clothing 

accessories stores (-20,000). Following steep job losses in March and April of 2020 (-2.4 million jobs 

over the 2 months combined), retail trade has added 2.0 million jobs from May through February. 

Manufacturing employment increased by 21,000 over the month, led by a gain in transportation 

equipment (+10,000). Employment in manufacturing is down by 561,000 over the year.

In February, employment declined in local government education (-37,000) and state government 

education (-32,000). For both industries, February losses partially offset gains in January. Pandemicrelated employment declines in 2020 distorted the normal seasonal buildup and layoff patterns in the 

education sector, making it more challenging to discern the current employment trends in these 

industries.

Employment in construction fell by 61,000 in February, largely reflecting declines in nonresidential 

specialty trade contractors (-37,000) and heavy and civil engineering construction (-21,000). Severe 

winter weather across much of the country may have held down employment in construction. 

Employment in the industry is 308,000 below its level a year earlier.

Mining shed 8,000 jobs in February, with losses occurring in support activities for mining (-6,000) and 

in oil and gas extraction (-2,000). Mining has lost 153,000 jobs since an employment peak in January 

2019, though nearly two-thirds of the loss has occurred over the past year.

In February, employment changed little in other major industries, including wholesale trade, 

transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, and other services. 

In February, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 7 

cents to $30.01. Average hourly earnings for private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees, at $25.19, changed little (+4 cents). The large employment fluctuations over the past year—

especially in industries with lower-paid workers—complicate the analysis of recent trends in average 

hourly earnings. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.3 hour to 34.6 

hours in February. In manufacturing, the workweek declined by 0.2 hour to 40.2 hours, and overtime 

declined by 0.1 hour to 3.1 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 

employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.4 hour to 34.0 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised down by 79,000, from

-227,000 to -306,000, and the change for January was revised up by 117,000, from +49,000 to 

+166,000. With these revisions, employment in December and January combined was 38,000 higher 

than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and 

government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
-5-

____________

The Employment Situation for March is scheduled to be released on Friday, April 2, 2021, at 8:30 

a.m. (ET).

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on February 2021

Household and Establishment Survey Data

Data collection for both surveys was affected by the pandemic. In the establishment survey, more data 

continued to be collected by web than in months prior to the pandemic. In the household survey, for the 

safety of both interviewers and respondents, in-person interviews were conducted only when telephone 

interviews could not be done. 

As in previous months, some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been classified as 

unemployed on temporary layoff were instead misclassified as employed but not at work. However, the 

share of responses that may have been misclassified was highest in the early months of the pandemic 

and has been considerably lower in recent months. Since March 2020, BLS has published an estimate of 

what the unemployment rate might have been had misclassified workers been included among the 

unemployed. Repeating this same approach, the seasonally adjusted February unemployment rate would 

have been 0.5 percentage point higher than reported. However, this represents the upper bound of our 

estimate of misclassification and probably overstates the size of the misclassification error. 

More information about the impact of the pandemic on the two surveys is available at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-february-2021.htm. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Change from:

Jan. 2021-

Feb. 2021

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 259,628 261,230 260,851 260,918 67

Civilian labor force........................................................... 164,448 160,567 160,161 160,211 50

Participation rate.......................................................... 63.3 61.5 61.4 61.4 0.0

Employed................................................................... 158,732 149,830 150,031 150,239 208

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 61.1 57.4 57.5 57.6 0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 5,717 10,736 10,130 9,972 -158

Unemployment rate.................................................... 3.5 6.7 6.3 6.2 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 95,180 100,663 100,690 100,708 18

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 3.5 6.7 6.3 6.2 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.2 6.4 6.0 6.0 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.1 6.3 6.0 5.9 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 11.5 16.0 14.8 13.9 -0.9

White.......................................................................... 3.0 6.0 5.7 5.6 -0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 6.0 9.9 9.2 9.9 0.7

Asian.......................................................................... 2.4 5.9 6.6 5.1 -1.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.4 9.3 8.6 8.5 -0.1

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 2.9 5.8 5.7 5.6 -0.1

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 5.8 9.8 9.1 10.1 1.0

High school graduates, no college........................................ 3.5 7.8 7.1 7.2 0.1

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.0 6.3 6.2 5.9 -0.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 1.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 -0.2

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 2,686 7,210 6,997 6,586 -411

Job leavers...................................................................... 766 743 653 701 48

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,798 2,250 1,963 2,124 161

New entrants.................................................................... 512 509 542 582 40

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,082 2,904 2,278 2,185 -93

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,753 2,222 2,528 2,254 -274

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 817 1,572 1,346 1,407 61

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,111 3,956 4,023 4,148 125

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,398 6,170 5,954 6,088 134

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,833 4,891 4,756 4,723 -33

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,340 1,045 986 1,166 180

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 22,231 18,237 18,519 18,369 -150

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,437 2,186 1,917 1,890 -27

Discouraged workers........................................................ 401 663 624 522 -102

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 -306 166 379

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 -274 90 465

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 82 -13 -48

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 0 -8

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 47 1 -61

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 35 -14 21

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 18 -15 17

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 3.9 -5.7 0.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 17 1 4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 -356 103 513

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5.9 14.8 13.9 3.6

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 30.1 46.3 41.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.0 -43.2 -14.1 4.4

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 -1.0 0.7 -0.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 9 10 -3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 18 1 -5

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 159 85 63

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4.9 62.1 96.4 52.7

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 -29 -26 44

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 38.9 -96.2 45.6

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 -498 -25 355

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 -16 12 10

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 -32 76 -86

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 213 41 80

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 346 58 94

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.0 49.7 49.8 49.8

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 48.3 48.4 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.2 81.5 81.4 81.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.7 34.9 34.6

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $28.51 $29.91 $29.94 $30.01

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $980.74 $1,037.88 $1,044.91 $1,038.35

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.0 105.4 106.1 105.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 -0.6 0.7 -0.5

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.7 150.8 151.9 151.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.5 0.7 -0.3

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (257 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 61.7 48.4 57.0

Manufacturing (75 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.3 70.0 44.7 59.3

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 144,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 697,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 

(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259,628 260,851 260,918 259,628 260,925 261,085 261,230 260,851 260,918

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164,235 159,234 160,008 164,448 160,718 160,536 160,567 160,161 160,211

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 61.0 61.3 63.3 61.6 61.5 61.5 61.4 61.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,017 148,383 149,522 158,732 149,669 149,809 149,830 150,031 150,239

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 56.9 57.3 61.1 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.5 57.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,218 10,851 10,486 5,717 11,049 10,728 10,736 10,130 9,972

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 6.8 6.6 3.5 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,393 101,618 100,910 95,180 100,207 100,548 100,663 100,690 100,708

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,973 7,129 6,902 5,010 6,682 7,127 7,331 6,957 6,933

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,575 126,192 126,224 125,575 126,218 126,296 126,367 126,192 126,224

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,597 84,537 84,754 86,914 85,495 85,161 85,175 85,149 85,061

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.0 67.0 67.1 69.2 67.7 67.4 67.4 67.5 67.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,047 78,535 78,855 83,867 79,537 79,267 79,481 79,714 79,666

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.1 62.2 62.5 66.8 63.0 62.8 62.9 63.2 63.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,549 6,003 5,899 3,048 5,958 5,894 5,694 5,434 5,395

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 7.1 7.0 3.5 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.4 6.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,979 41,655 41,470 38,661 40,722 41,135 41,192 41,043 41,163

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,181 117,864 117,902 117,181 117,854 117,936 118,010 117,864 117,902

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,804 81,801 81,978 83,930 82,505 82,226 82,244 82,173 82,095

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.5 69.4 69.5 71.6 70.0 69.7 69.7 69.7 69.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,592 76,239 76,568 81,235 77,013 76,777 77,004 77,204 77,193

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.8 64.7 64.9 69.3 65.3 65.1 65.3 65.5 65.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,212 5,562 5,410 2,695 5,492 5,449 5,240 4,969 4,902

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 6.8 6.6 3.2 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.0 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,377 36,063 35,924 33,251 35,349 35,710 35,767 35,691 35,807

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,053 134,660 134,694 134,053 134,707 134,788 134,862 134,660 134,694

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,638 74,696 75,254 77,534 75,222 75,376 75,392 75,012 75,149

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 55.5 55.9 57.8 55.8 55.9 55.9 55.7 55.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,970 69,848 70,667 74,865 70,131 70,542 70,350 70,316 70,572

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 51.9 52.5 55.8 52.1 52.3 52.2 52.2 52.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,668 4,848 4,587 2,669 5,091 4,834 5,042 4,696 4,577

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 6.5 6.1 3.4 6.8 6.4 6.7 6.3 6.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,415 59,963 59,440 56,519 59,485 59,413 59,471 59,648 59,545

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,841 126,507 126,546 125,841 126,520 126,604 126,681 126,507 126,546

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,768 71,975 72,445 74,501 72,255 72,395 72,422 72,147 72,173

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.4 56.9 57.2 59.2 57.1 57.2 57.2 57.0 57.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,413 67,538 68,163 72,171 67,534 67,941 67,872 67,851 67,928

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 53.4 53.9 57.4 53.4 53.7 53.6 53.6 53.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,355 4,437 4,283 2,330 4,721 4,453 4,551 4,296 4,245

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 6.2 5.9 3.1 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.0 5.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,073 54,532 54,101 51,341 54,265 54,209 54,259 54,360 54,373

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,606 16,481 16,470 16,606 16,551 16,545 16,538 16,481 16,470

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,663 5,458 5,585 6,017 5,958 5,915 5,900 5,841 5,942

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 33.1 33.9 36.2 36.0 35.8 35.7 35.4 36.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,012 4,606 4,792 5,326 5,122 5,091 4,955 4,975 5,118

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 27.9 29.1 32.1 30.9 30.8 30.0 30.2 31.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651 852 793 691 836 825 946 865 825

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 15.6 14.2 11.5 14.0 13.9 16.0 14.8 13.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,943 11,023 10,885 10,588 10,593 10,630 10,638 10,640 10,528

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,968 201,588 201,606 200,968 201,610 201,685 201,749 201,588 201,606

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,954 123,054 123,680 127,019 124,672 124,038 124,208 123,727 123,737

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 61.0 61.3 63.2 61.8 61.5 61.6 61.4 61.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,669 115,454 116,369 123,149 117,146 116,665 116,703 116,699 116,859

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.0 57.3 57.7 61.3 58.1 57.8 57.8 57.9 58.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,285 7,601 7,312 3,869 7,525 7,373 7,505 7,027 6,878

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 6.2 5.9 3.0 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,014 78,534 77,926 73,949 76,939 77,647 77,541 77,862 77,869

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,057 64,287 64,441 66,029 65,123 64,648 64,593 64,550 64,434

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.7 69.5 69.7 71.7 70.4 69.9 69.8 69.8 69.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,767 60,252 60,565 64,175 61,314 60,844 60,872 60,988 60,989

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 65.2 65.5 69.7 66.3 65.8 65.8 66.0 66.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,290 4,035 3,875 1,854 3,808 3,804 3,721 3,561 3,446

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 6.3 6.0 2.8 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.5 5.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,477 54,489 54,824 56,264 54,866 54,717 54,980 54,529 54,599

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 56.1 56.5 58.2 56.5 56.4 56.6 56.2 56.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,914 51,581 51,985 54,711 51,761 51,765 51,871 51,739 51,782

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 53.2 53.6 56.6 53.3 53.3 53.4 53.3 53.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,563 2,908 2,838 1,553 3,105 2,953 3,109 2,790 2,817

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 5.3 5.2 2.8 5.7 5.4 5.7 5.1 5.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,420 4,278 4,416 4,726 4,683 4,673 4,635 4,648 4,704

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 35.4 36.5 38.8 38.6 38.5 38.2 38.4 38.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,988 3,620 3,818 4,263 4,071 4,056 3,960 3,972 4,088

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 29.9 31.6 35.0 33.5 33.4 32.7 32.8 33.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 657 598 462 612 616 675 676 616

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 15.4 13.5 9.8 13.1 13.2 14.6 14.5 13.1

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,211 33,493 33,511 33,211 33,453 33,486 33,516 33,493 33,511

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,833 20,087 20,041 20,950 20,123 20,165 20,055 20,189 20,154

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 60.0 59.8 63.1 60.2 60.2 59.8 60.3 60.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,530 18,124 17,989 19,699 17,955 18,087 18,061 18,323 18,159

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.8 54.1 53.7 59.3 53.7 54.0 53.9 54.7 54.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,303 1,963 2,052 1,251 2,169 2,077 1,994 1,866 1,995

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 9.8 10.2 6.0 10.8 10.3 9.9 9.2 9.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,379 13,406 13,470 12,262 13,330 13,321 13,461 13,305 13,357

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,408 9,281 9,278 9,479 9,224 9,217 9,222 9,348 9,340

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 65.6 65.6 67.8 65.4 65.2 65.2 66.1 66.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,779 8,346 8,261 8,910 8,166 8,184 8,265 8,468 8,383

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 59.0 58.4 63.7 57.9 57.9 58.4 59.9 59.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629 935 1,017 568 1,058 1,033 956 880 957

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 10.1 11.0 6.0 11.5 11.2 10.4 9.4 10.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,726 10,152 10,120 10,733 10,169 10,242 10,088 10,138 10,127

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.9 59.9 59.7 63.9 60.1 60.4 59.5 59.8 59.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,194 9,236 9,201 10,211 9,230 9,320 9,238 9,274 9,225

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 54.5 54.2 60.8 54.5 55.0 54.5 54.7 54.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 915 919 522 939 921 849 864 902

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 9.0 9.1 4.9 9.2 9.0 8.4 8.5 8.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698 654 643 738 731 706 746 703 687

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.7 27.3 26.8 30.3 30.3 29.3 31.0 29.3 28.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 542 527 578 559 583 558 581 551

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 22.6 22.0 23.7 23.2 24.2 23.2 24.2 23.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 113 116 160 172 123 188 122 136

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 17.2 18.0 21.7 23.5 17.4 25.2 17.3 19.8

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,421 16,423 16,588 16,421 16,542 16,558 16,583 16,423 16,588

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,596 10,231 10,404 10,530 10,382 10,380 10,253 10,317 10,315

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.5 62.3 62.7 64.1 62.8 62.7 61.8 62.8 62.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,327 9,533 9,873 10,273 9,598 9,685 9,645 9,631 9,792

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 58.0 59.5 62.6 58.0 58.5 58.2 58.6 59.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 698 532 257 784 695 608 686 523

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 6.8 5.1 2.4 7.6 6.7 5.9 6.6 5.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,825 6,192 6,184 5,891 6,160 6,179 6,329 6,106 6,273

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 43,820 44,521 44,587 43,820 44,475 44,559 44,639 44,521 44,587

Civilian labor force................................ 29,750 28,831 29,145 29,805 29,156 29,152 29,150 28,920 29,174

Participation rate............................... 67.9 64.8 65.4 68.0 65.6 65.4 65.3 65.0 65.4

Employed....................................... 28,311 26,120 26,527 28,480 26,582 26,688 26,436 26,437 26,701

Employment-population ratio............... 64.6 58.7 59.5 65.0 59.8 59.9 59.2 59.4 59.9

Unemployed.................................... 1,438 2,710 2,619 1,326 2,575 2,463 2,714 2,482 2,473

Unemployment rate......................... 4.8 9.4 9.0 4.4 8.8 8.4 9.3 8.6 8.5

Not in labor force................................. 14,071 15,690 15,442 14,015 15,318 15,407 15,489 15,601 15,413

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,985 15,765 15,924 16,030 16,080 15,951 15,856 15,789 15,952

Participation rate............................... 80.8 78.4 79.1 81.0 80.1 79.3 78.6 78.5 79.2

Employed....................................... 15,355 14,363 14,557 15,515 14,767 14,700 14,462 14,578 14,727

Employment-population ratio............... 77.6 71.4 72.3 78.4 73.5 73.0 71.7 72.5 73.1

Unemployed.................................... 630 1,402 1,368 515 1,313 1,251 1,395 1,211 1,224

Unemployment rate......................... 3.9 8.9 8.6 3.2 8.2 7.8 8.8 7.7 7.7

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 12,460 11,782 11,845 12,412 11,746 11,821 11,906 11,779 11,794

Participation rate............................... 62.2 57.8 58.0 61.9 57.7 58.0 58.3 57.8 57.8

Employed....................................... 11,839 10,702 10,829 11,803 10,688 10,851 10,820 10,743 10,792

Employment-population ratio............... 59.1 52.5 53.0 58.9 52.5 53.2 52.9 52.7 52.9

Unemployed.................................... 622 1,079 1,016 609 1,058 970 1,086 1,036 1,002

Unemployment rate......................... 5.0 9.2 8.6 4.9 9.0 8.2 9.1 8.8 8.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,305 1,284 1,376 1,363 1,331 1,380 1,388 1,352 1,428

Participation rate............................... 32.6 31.9 34.1 34.1 33.0 34.2 34.3 33.6 35.4

Employed....................................... 1,118 1,055 1,141 1,161 1,127 1,137 1,155 1,116 1,182

Employment-population ratio............... 27.9 26.2 28.3 29.0 27.9 28.2 28.6 27.7 29.3

Unemployed.................................... 187 229 235 202 203 243 234 236 247

Unemployment rate......................... 14.3 17.8 17.0 14.8 15.3 17.6 16.8 17.4 17.3

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 9,341 9,296 8,600 9,689 9,169 9,276 9,147 9,169 8,942

Participation rate.................................. 46.0 45.5 44.2 47.7 46.0 45.7 45.0 44.9 45.9

Employed.......................................... 8,670 8,297 7,579 9,130 8,258 8,418 8,254 8,337 8,035

Employment-population ratio................. 42.7 40.6 38.9 44.9 41.5 41.4 40.7 40.8 41.2

Unemployed....................................... 671 999 1,021 559 911 858 893 832 907

Unemployment rate............................ 7.2 10.7 11.9 5.8 9.9 9.2 9.8 9.1 10.1

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,278 34,169 34,436 36,308 35,479 35,163 34,925 34,506 34,462

Participation rate.................................. 58.3 54.7 54.7 58.3 55.8 55.4 55.5 55.2 54.7

Employed.......................................... 34,793 31,482 31,750 35,032 32,607 32,435 32,198 32,051 31,977

Employment-population ratio................. 55.9 50.4 50.4 56.3 51.3 51.1 51.1 51.3 50.8

Unemployed....................................... 1,484 2,687 2,686 1,276 2,873 2,728 2,726 2,455 2,485

Unemployment rate............................ 4.1 7.9 7.8 3.5 8.1 7.8 7.8 7.1 7.2

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,291 35,431 35,489 37,228 35,762 35,644 35,676 35,440 35,450

Participation rate.................................. 64.7 62.3 62.8 64.6 62.4 62.3 62.5 62.3 62.7

Employed.......................................... 36,061 33,142 33,292 36,115 33,409 33,387 33,430 33,257 33,360

Employment-population ratio................. 62.6 58.2 58.9 62.7 58.3 58.4 58.6 58.4 59.0

Unemployed....................................... 1,230 2,289 2,197 1,113 2,354 2,257 2,246 2,183 2,089

Unemployment rate............................ 3.3 6.5 6.2 3.0 6.6 6.3 6.3 6.2 5.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 60,589 60,473 61,437 59,972 59,530 59,620 59,940 60,391 60,744

Participation rate.................................. 74.0 72.3 72.6 73.2 72.0 72.2 71.9 72.2 71.8

Employed.......................................... 59,411 58,001 59,092 58,811 57,041 57,095 57,665 57,969 58,417

Employment-population ratio................. 72.5 69.3 69.8 71.8 69.0 69.1 69.1 69.3 69.1

Unemployed....................................... 1,177 2,472 2,344 1,162 2,488 2,524 2,274 2,422 2,327

Unemployment rate............................ 1.9 4.1 3.8 1.9 4.2 4.2 3.8 4.0 3.8

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2021

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,608 18,942 16,711 16,935 1,897 2,007

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,221 9,073 8,058 7,928 1,163 1,145

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 47.9 48.2 46.8 61.3 57.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,892 8,576 7,772 7,501 1,120 1,075

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.8 45.3 46.5 44.3 59.1 53.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 497 286 427 43 70

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 5.5 3.6 5.4 3.7 6.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,387 9,869 8,653 9,007 734 862

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,314 4,615 3,553 3,795 761 819

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,446 3,621 2,877 3,057 570 564

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.9 78.5 81.0 80.5 74.9 68.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,291 3,406 2,737 2,892 554 514

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.3 73.8 77.0 76.2 72.8 62.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 215 140 164 16 51

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 5.9 4.8 5.4 2.8 9.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868 994 677 739 191 255

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,190 3,308 2,701 2,803 489 506

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,453 2,457 2,127 2,115 327 343

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.9 74.3 78.7 75.5 66.8 67.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,397 2,371 2,084 2,040 313 331

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.2 71.7 77.2 72.8 63.9 65.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 87 42 75 14 12

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 3.5 2.0 3.6 4.4 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736 851 574 688 162 163

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,974 6,836 6,731 6,572 243 264

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,441 1,170 1,401 1,137 40 33

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.7 17.1 20.8 17.3 16.6 12.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,384 1,115 1,350 1,083 35 33

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.9 16.3 20.1 16.5 14.3 12.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 55 51 55 6 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.7 3.6 4.8 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,533 5,666 5,330 5,435 203 231

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,130 4,183 3,726 3,765 404 418

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,880 1,825 1,654 1,620 226 205

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.5 43.6 44.4 43.0 56.0 49.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,819 1,684 1,600 1,487 219 198

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.0 40.3 43.0 39.5 54.2 47.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 140 54 133 8 8

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 7.7 3.2 8.2 3.3 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,250 2,358 2,072 2,145 178 213

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232,297 233,133 104,503 104,622 127,794 128,510

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,043 148,936 77,659 75,818 75,383 73,118

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 63.9 74.3 72.5 59.0 56.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,349 139,237 74,499 70,508 72,850 68,728

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 59.7 71.3 67.4 57.0 53.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,693 9,699 3,160 5,310 2,533 4,390

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 6.5 4.1 7.0 3.4 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,255 84,197 26,844 28,805 52,411 55,392

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2021 data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2021

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,972 29,950 228,657 230,968

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,420 5,961 157,815 154,047

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.7 19.9 69.0 66.7

Employed............................................................................. 5,918 5,210 152,100 144,312

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 19.1 17.4 66.5 62.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 502 751 5,715 9,735

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.8 12.6 3.6 6.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,552 23,989 70,842 76,921

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,752 2,518 77,725 76,486

Participation rate..................................................................... 35.9 33.2 83.0 81.7

Employed............................................................................. 2,483 2,166 74,654 71,255

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 32.4 28.5 79.7 76.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 269 352 3,070 5,231

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.8 14.0 4.0 6.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,920 5,076 15,917 17,157

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,414 2,460 70,138 68,282

Participation rate..................................................................... 31.7 33.7 72.5 70.5

Employed............................................................................. 2,236 2,119 67,799 64,245

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.4 29.1 70.1 66.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 178 341 2,339 4,037

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.4 13.9 3.3 5.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,198 4,834 26,624 28,574

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,253 983 9,952 9,279

Participation rate..................................................................... 8.0 6.5 26.0 22.9

Employed............................................................................. 1,199 924 9,646 8,812

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.6 6.1 25.2 21.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 55 59 306 467

Unemployment rate............................................................... 4.4 6.0 3.1 5.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 14,434 14,079 28,300 31,191

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2021

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 42,956 43,373 20,865 21,082 22,091 22,291

Civilian labor force.................................................. 28,719 27,946 16,375 16,127 12,344 11,819

Participation rate.................................................. 66.9 64.4 78.5 76.5 55.9 53.0

Employed.......................................................... 27,697 25,862 15,880 14,990 11,817 10,872

Employment-population ratio................................. 64.5 59.6 76.1 71.1 53.5 48.8

Unemployed....................................................... 1,022 2,084 495 1,137 527 947

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.6 7.5 3.0 7.0 4.3 8.0

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,237 15,428 4,490 4,956 9,747 10,472

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 216,673 217,545 104,710 105,142 111,962 112,403

Civilian labor force.................................................. 135,516 132,062 70,222 68,628 65,294 63,435

Participation rate.................................................. 62.5 60.7 67.1 65.3 58.3 56.4

Employed.......................................................... 130,320 123,660 67,167 63,865 63,153 59,795

Employment-population ratio................................. 60.1 56.8 64.1 60.7 56.4 53.2

Unemployed....................................................... 5,196 8,402 3,054 4,762 2,141 3,640

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.8 6.4 4.3 6.9 3.3 5.7

Not in labor force.................................................... 81,157 85,483 34,489 36,515 46,668 48,968

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,334 2,346 2,184 2,455 2,515 2,432 2,461 2,466 2,308

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,706 1,517 1,450 1,777 1,570 1,553 1,569 1,552 1,519

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 612 778 676 646 881 837 823 827 712

Unpaid family workers........................... 16 50 58 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 155,683 146,037 147,338 156,240 147,255 147,314 147,351 147,535 147,895

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 146,868 137,451 138,602 147,439 138,539 138,891 138,971 138,941 139,243

Government..................................... 21,438 20,914 21,218 21,054 20,678 20,418 20,709 20,689 20,829

Private industries............................... 125,430 116,537 117,383 126,208 117,939 118,525 118,123 118,102 118,151

Private households.......................... 781 622 604 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 124,649 115,915 116,779 125,323 117,304 117,902 117,472 117,532 117,451

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,771 8,515 8,665 8,893 8,690 8,570 8,638 8,721 8,787

Unpaid family workers........................... 45 71 72 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,600 6,404 6,309 4,398 6,668 6,641 6,170 5,954 6,088

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,037 5,185 4,958 2,833 5,298 5,223 4,891 4,756 4,723

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,288 981 1,124 1,340 1,135 1,167 1,045 986 1,166

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 22,902 18,407 19,042 22,231 19,465 18,580 18,237 18,519 18,369

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,501 6,284 6,199 4,304 6,552 6,582 6,082 5,824 5,986

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,966 5,102 4,887 2,763 5,227 5,176 4,819 4,691 4,661

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,282 980 1,116 1,330 1,113 1,163 1,037 986 1,154

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 22,473 17,993 18,670 21,801 19,029 18,182 17,846 18,112 17,998

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,017 148,383 149,522 158,732 149,669 149,809 149,830 150,031 150,239

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,012 4,606 4,792 5,326 5,122 5,091 4,955 4,975 5,118

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,776 1,616 1,709 1,946 1,824 1,797 1,785 1,784 1,868

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,236 2,990 3,082 3,397 3,295 3,277 3,192 3,222 3,245

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,005 143,777 144,730 153,406 144,547 144,718 144,876 145,055 145,121

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,069 12,856 13,017 14,265 13,212 13,203 13,167 13,216 13,216

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,936 130,921 131,714 139,031 131,566 131,461 131,637 131,689 131,789

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,152 95,871 96,364 101,265 95,875 95,861 96,225 96,307 96,461

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,038 33,687 33,966 36,052 33,836 33,581 33,913 33,884 33,988

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,273 32,046 32,061 33,368 31,903 32,098 32,011 32,162 32,146

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,841 30,137 30,337 31,845 30,136 30,182 30,300 30,261 30,327

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,784 35,050 35,350 37,766 35,692 35,600 35,412 35,382 35,328

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,047 78,535 78,855 83,867 79,537 79,267 79,481 79,714 79,666

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,455 2,295 2,287 2,632 2,524 2,490 2,477 2,510 2,474

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776 799 846 878 878 863 881 892 938

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,679 1,496 1,442 1,774 1,647 1,630 1,603 1,634 1,550

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,592 76,239 76,568 81,235 77,013 76,777 77,004 77,204 77,193

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,126 6,591 6,623 7,270 6,749 6,722 6,672 6,810 6,763

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,466 69,648 69,945 73,866 70,291 70,040 70,220 70,317 70,329

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,415 50,957 51,162 53,703 51,140 51,025 51,246 51,368 51,436

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,038 17,967 18,042 19,133 18,056 17,889 18,172 18,133 18,145

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,734 17,211 17,281 17,862 17,209 17,288 17,201 17,358 17,390

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,643 15,779 15,839 16,707 15,876 15,848 15,873 15,876 15,901

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,052 18,691 18,783 20,163 19,151 19,015 18,974 18,950 18,892

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,970 69,848 70,667 74,865 70,131 70,542 70,350 70,316 70,572

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,557 2,310 2,504 2,694 2,598 2,600 2,478 2,465 2,644

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 817 864 1,067 946 934 904 892 930

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,557 1,494 1,641 1,623 1,648 1,647 1,589 1,588 1,695

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,413 67,538 68,163 72,171 67,534 67,941 67,872 67,851 67,928

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,944 6,266 6,394 6,995 6,463 6,481 6,495 6,406 6,453

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,469 61,272 61,769 65,165 61,275 61,422 61,417 61,371 61,460

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,737 44,914 45,202 47,562 44,735 44,836 44,979 44,939 45,024

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,001 15,720 15,925 16,919 15,781 15,692 15,741 15,751 15,843

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,539 14,836 14,779 15,506 14,694 14,810 14,810 14,804 14,756

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,198 14,358 14,497 15,137 14,260 14,334 14,428 14,384 14,426

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,733 16,358 16,567 17,603 16,540 16,586 16,438 16,432 16,436

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,855 43,547 43,887 46,036 43,761 43,754 43,720 43,819 44,033

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,811 34,698 35,044 36,557 34,685 34,795 34,817 34,668 34,803

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,771 9,325 9,367 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,734 123,717 123,981 130,679 123,646 124,292 124,689 124,990 124,868

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,283 24,666 25,541 27,792 26,139 25,373 24,917 24,627 25,109

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,181 6,535 6,787 8,064 6,669 6,559 6,460 6,623 6,678

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.4 4.5 5.1 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,467 5,938 5,670 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,382 9,293 9,341 9,539 9,571 9,408 9,461 9,548 9,498

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Feb.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 5,717 10,130 9,972 3.5 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.2

16 to 19 years..................................... 691 865 825 11.5 14.0 13.9 16.0 14.8 13.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 234 337 325 10.7 14.1 14.9 14.5 15.9 14.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 471 534 514 12.2 14.1 13.4 17.0 14.2 13.7

20 years and over................................ 5,025 9,265 9,148 3.2 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.0 5.9

20 to 24 years.................................. 956 1,425 1,408 6.3 10.9 10.7 11.2 9.7 9.6

25 years and over.............................. 4,133 7,940 7,813 2.9 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.6

25 to 54 years............................... 3,134 5,968 5,823 3.0 6.4 6.1 5.8 5.8 5.7

25 to 34 years............................. 1,385 2,464 2,331 3.7 7.3 7.0 6.6 6.8 6.4

35 to 44 years............................. 941 1,948 1,929 2.7 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.7

45 to 54 years............................. 808 1,555 1,563 2.5 6.0 5.5 5.3 4.9 4.9

55 years and over........................... 999 1,970 1,985 2.6 5.5 5.8 6.0 5.3 5.3

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,048 5,434 5,395 3.5 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.4 6.3

16 to 19 years..................................... 352 466 493 11.8 15.6 15.1 15.5 15.7 16.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 120 157 175 12.0 16.1 14.5 15.3 15.0 15.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 245 311 331 12.1 15.4 15.5 15.8 16.0 17.6

20 years and over................................ 2,695 4,969 4,902 3.2 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.0 6.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 491 754 761 6.3 11.8 11.9 12.1 10.0 10.1

25 years and over.............................. 2,250 4,300 4,203 3.0 6.2 6.2 5.8 5.8 5.6

25 to 54 years............................... 1,659 3,210 3,077 3.0 6.5 6.3 5.8 5.9 5.6

25 to 34 years............................. 757 1,356 1,287 3.8 7.8 7.7 6.6 7.0 6.6

35 to 44 years............................. 496 1,066 1,032 2.7 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.6

45 to 54 years............................. 406 788 759 2.4 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.7 4.6

55 years and over........................... 591 1,090 1,125 2.8 5.2 5.9 5.9 5.4 5.6

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,669 4,696 4,577 3.4 6.8 6.4 6.7 6.3 6.1

16 to 19 years..................................... 339 400 332 11.2 12.5 12.8 16.5 14.0 11.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 114 180 149 9.7 12.1 15.2 13.7 16.8 13.9

18 to 19 years.................................. 226 223 183 12.2 12.8 11.2 18.2 12.3 9.7

20 years and over................................ 2,330 4,296 4,245 3.1 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.0 5.9

20 to 24 years.................................. 465 670 647 6.2 10.0 9.4 10.1 9.5 9.1

25 years and over.............................. 1,883 3,640 3,610 2.8 6.1 5.8 5.9 5.6 5.5

25 to 54 years............................... 1,475 2,758 2,745 3.0 6.3 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.7

25 to 34 years............................. 628 1,108 1,044 3.6 6.9 6.2 6.6 6.6 6.2

35 to 44 years............................. 446 882 897 2.8 6.0 5.6 5.2 5.6 5.7

45 to 54 years............................. 401 767 804 2.6 5.9 5.5 5.7 5.1 5.3

55 years and over........................... 425 882 883 2.4 5.8 5.8 6.1 5.1 5.1

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 897 1,795 1,750 1.9 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8

Married women, spouse present1................. 838 1,593 1,553 2.2 4.8 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.3

Women who maintain families2.................... 423 845 784 4.1 8.6 7.7 7.2 8.3 7.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 4,684 8,548 8,397 3.5 6.9 6.9 6.7 6.4 6.3

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,044 1,676 1,607 3.6 6.7 6.0 7.0 6.4 6.0

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,151 7,666 7,051 2,686 7,685 7,468 7,210 6,997 6,586

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,069 3,215 2,546 750 3,231 2,762 3,039 2,746 2,229

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,082 4,452 4,505 1,936 4,454 4,705 4,171 4,251 4,357

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,358 3,585 3,547 1,298 3,620 3,718 3,370 3,503 3,497

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 723 867 958 638 834 987 802 749 860

Job leavers........................................... 766 651 706 766 763 698 743 653 701

Reentrants............................................ 1,839 2,039 2,183 1,798 2,017 1,968 2,250 1,963 2,124

New entrants......................................... 462 494 546 512 526 551 509 542 582

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 50.7 70.7 67.2 46.6 69.9 69.9 67.3 68.9 65.9

On temporary layoff.............................. 17.2 29.6 24.3 13.0 29.4 25.9 28.4 27.0 22.3

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 33.5 41.0 43.0 33.6 40.5 44.0 38.9 41.9 43.6

Job leavers........................................... 12.3 6.0 6.7 13.3 6.9 6.5 6.9 6.4 7.0

Reentrants............................................ 29.6 18.8 20.8 31.2 18.3 18.4 21.0 19.3 21.3

New entrants......................................... 7.4 4.6 5.2 8.9 4.8 5.2 4.7 5.3 5.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 1.9 4.8 4.4 1.6 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.1

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4

Reentrants............................................ 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.3

New entrants......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 1,939 2,707 2,051 2,082 2,494 2,455 2,904 2,278 2,185

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,161 2,716 2,693 1,753 2,341 2,404 2,222 2,528 2,254

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,117 5,428 5,742 1,928 6,185 5,804 5,529 5,369 5,555

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 932 1,354 1,523 817 2,651 1,875 1,572 1,346 1,407

27 weeks and over............................... 1,185 4,074 4,219 1,111 3,534 3,929 3,956 4,023 4,148

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 20.4 24.3 27.2 20.8 21.4 23.0 23.4 26.0 27.6

Median duration, in weeks......................... 9.3 14.5 18.3 9.0 19.0 18.9 16.8 15.3 18.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 31.2 24.9 19.6 36.1 22.6 23.0 27.3 22.4 21.9

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 34.8 25.0 25.7 30.4 21.2 22.5 20.9 24.8 22.6

15 weeks and over.................................. 34.1 50.0 54.8 33.4 56.1 54.4 51.9 52.8 55.6

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 15.0 12.5 14.5 14.2 24.1 17.6 14.8 13.2 14.1

27 weeks and over............................... 19.1 37.5 40.2 19.3 32.1 36.8 37.1 39.5 41.5

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2021

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 158,017 149,522 6,218 10,486 3.8 6.6

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 66,144 64,471 1,204 2,158 1.8 3.2

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 27,926 27,414 507 990 1.8 3.5

Professional and related occupations.......................... 38,218 37,058 697 1,167 1.8 3.1

Service occupations................................................ 26,223 22,574 1,272 2,594 4.6 10.3

Sales and office occupations...................................... 31,294 30,450 1,214 2,024 3.7 6.2

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,069 14,630 656 1,031 4.2 6.6

Office and administrative support occupations............... 16,225 15,819 558 993 3.3 5.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,220 13,209 908 1,411 6.0 9.7

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,144 1,006 183 141 13.8 12.3

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,154 7,497 604 1,003 6.9 11.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,922 4,706 122 267 2.4 5.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 20,137 18,818 1,130 1,745 5.3 8.5

Production occupations.......................................... 8,344 7,766 448 579 5.1 6.9

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 11,793 11,052 682 1,166 5.5 9.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2021

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 6,218 10,486 3.8 6.6

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 4,890 8,516 3.8 6.8

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 42 132 5.0 19.3

Construction.......................................................................... 531 921 5.5 9.6

Manufacturing........................................................................ 613 724 3.9 4.8

Durable goods..................................................................... 359 423 3.6 4.4

Nondurable goods................................................................ 254 301 4.3 5.4

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 821 1,368 4.2 6.8

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 256 622 3.5 8.4

Information............................................................................ 68 155 2.6 6.2

Financial activities................................................................... 171 387 1.7 3.7

Professional and business services............................................... 794 1,152 4.4 6.8

Education and health services..................................................... 608 899 2.4 3.7

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 799 1,673 5.7 13.5

Other services........................................................................ 187 483 2.8 7.7

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 205 167 11.0 10.5

Government workers................................................................... 348 603 1.6 2.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 312 654 3.2 6.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Oct.

2020

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021

Feb.

2021

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.3 3.4 3.6 1.2 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 1.9 4.8 4.4 1.6 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.1

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 3.8 6.8 6.6 3.5 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.2

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.0 7.2 6.9 3.7 7.2 7.1 7.1 6.7 6.5

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.7 8.0 7.7 4.3 8.0 7.9 7.9 7.4 7.3

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 7.4 12.0 11.6 7.0 12.1 12.0 11.7 11.1 11.1

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2021

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 95,393 100,910 38,979 41,470 56,415 59,440

Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,973 6,902 2,526 3,323 2,447 3,579

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,494 1,942 788 1,053 707 889

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 421 529 260 275 161 253

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,073 1,413 528 778 545 636

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 8,181 6,787 3,900 3,238 4,281 3,549

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.2 4.5 4.7 4.1 5.7 5.0

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,576 3,739 2,378 1,920 2,198 1,819

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,126 1,756 728 586 1,398 1,169

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 308 321 197 173 110 148

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,129 941 578 542 551 399

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Change

from:

Jan.2021 -

Feb.2021p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,968 143,602 140,948 141,926 152,523 142,503 142,669 143,048 379

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,874 121,802 119,530 120,193 129,688 121,047 121,137 121,602 465

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,680 20,165 19,808 19,790 21,137 20,228 20,215 20,167 -48

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675 602 595 583 690 597 597 589 -8

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 46.6 46.4 46.5 48.7 45.9 46.5 46.6 0.1

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627.3 555.4 548.3 536.7 640.9 550.6 550.6 542.4 -8.2

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.9 141.9 132.7 130.6 137.4 139.5 134.0 132.0 -2.0

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180.0 178.0 175.8 174.6 186.2 178.7 178.9 178.9 0.0

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.9 42.5 43.1 43.3 46.5 42.2 42.5 43.0 0.5

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 41.3 41.5 41.7 41.8 41.5 41.7 41.8 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.5 94.2 91.2 89.6 97.9 95.0 94.7 94.1 -0.6

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311.4 235.5 239.8 231.5 317.3 232.4 237.7 231.5 -6.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,278 7,312 7,064 7,004 7,648 7,400 7,401 7,340 -61

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,638.7 1,652.3 1,622.8 1,619.6 1,694.6 1,658.2 1,662.1 1,664.1 2.0

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812.7 847.4 833.1 837.4 839.8 847.7 852.6 857.9 5.3

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826.0 804.9 789.7 782.2 854.8 810.5 809.5 806.2 -3.3

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,007.5 1,008.6 945.4 930.5 1,110.8 1,051.0 1,053.4 1,032.6 -20.8

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,631.5 4,651.4 4,495.4 4,454.1 4,842.6 4,690.7 4,685.7 4,643.5 -42.2

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,050.2 2,127.2 2,065.1 2,053.7 2,141.4 2,140.3 2,137.1 2,131.6 -5.5

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,581.3 2,524.2 2,430.3 2,400.4 2,701.2 2,550.4 2,548.6 2,511.9 -36.7

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,727 12,251 12,149 12,203 12,799 12,231 12,217 12,238 21

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,978 7,609 7,554 7,587 8,007 7,598 7,583 7,600 17

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407.5 403.0 399.4 399.7 411.5 402.5 402.5 401.4 -1.1

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405.6 397.9 383.7 380.4 419.0 400.3 396.5 394.1 -2.4

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380.1 348.9 346.8 349.2 379.0 348.4 347.3 347.1 -0.2

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,461.0 1,388.1 1,378.0 1,383.4 1,467.8 1,385.8 1,382.9 1,383.7 0.8

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,111.8 1,055.9 1,053.4 1,058.3 1,111.1 1,055.9 1,053.2 1,057.0 3.8

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,079.5 1,074.2 1,070.8 1,074.5 1,082.6 1,072.2 1,072.9 1,074.6 1.7

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 162.0 162.5 162.4 164.0 162.0 162.6 162.7 163.9 1.2

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.9 85.3 85.8 85.3 87.4 85.0 85.7 85.4 -0.3

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.7 368.3 369.0 369.2 374.7 368.2 369.6 368.8 -0.8

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425.5 422.9 419.9 422.2 426.8 422.0 420.6 422.3 1.7

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4 35.2 33.7 33.8 31.7 34.4 34.3 34.2 -0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 397.4 375.1 370.1 372.5 397.5 373.5 370.0 372.4 2.4

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,731.4 1,601.4 1,591.8 1,604.6 1,731.8 1,596.5 1,593.6 1,603.3 9.7

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989.2 913.3 903.3 913.9 986.2 910.8 905.1 905.2 0.1

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.1 356.9 354.5 354.5 384.1 356.2 355.1 355.2 0.1

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620.2 608.0 605.1 610.3 623.0 607.0 608.7 611.5 2.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,749 4,642 4,595 4,616 4,792 4,633 4,634 4,638 4

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,641.0 1,643.1 1,620.2 1,623.6 1,662.5 1,634.1 1,635.7 1,632.6 -3.1

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.0 96.1 94.9 94.9 106.1 96.1 95.0 94.6 -0.4

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.8 105.7 105.2 106.0 112.2 105.2 105.7 106.4 0.7

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.9 92.7 89.6 92.4 104.5 92.8 90.5 92.9 2.4

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362.3 356.7 354.9 353.9 363.4 356.0 355.8 354.8 -1.0

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 416.7 374.9 369.0 367.1 419.6 373.1 370.6 368.9 -1.7

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.6 105.0 102.2 102.4 113.7 106.9 106.3 106.0 -0.3

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853.3 844.9 845.8 851.5 855.0 842.7 849.6 850.2 0.6

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730.2 725.4 722.1 727.9 731.0 724.7 724.1 727.1 3.0

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315.3 297.9 291.2 296.4 324.2 301.0 300.2 304.3 4.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,194 101,637 99,722 100,403 108,551 100,819 100,922 101,435 513

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,504 27,799 26,987 26,774 27,876 26,984 27,030 27,079 49

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,858.7 5,632.3 5,600.8 5,607.7 5,895.2 5,617.2 5,631.1 5,634.7 3.6

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,205.9 3,080.5 3,075.3 3,076.4 3,217.8 3,073.8 3,087.1 3,085.7 -1.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,142.5 2,069.7 2,047.6 2,054.6 2,163.4 2,062.9 2,064.5 2,070.8 6.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Change

from:

Jan.2021 -

Feb.2021p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510.3 482.1 477.9 476.7 514.0 480.5 479.5 478.2 -1.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,353.9 15,628.2 15,138.1 15,042.9 15,609.8 15,159.8 15,206.1 15,247.2 41.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,025.7 1,947.8 1,930.8 1,941.3 2,043.5 1,953.3 1,944.5 1,951.1 6.6

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,309.1 1,239.4 1,232.5 1,238.6 1,313.9 1,239.6 1,234.0 1,237.6 3.6

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.9 148.7 145.4 147.9 161.7 155.4 154.8 155.2 0.4

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 562.7 559.7 552.9 554.8 567.9 558.3 555.7 558.3 2.6

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 470.9 455.3 438.1 435.9 473.4 435.2 435.8 438.2 2.4

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 465.2 453.9 417.4 417.3 469.2 431.2 408.8 414.5 5.7

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,251.2 1,395.0 1,362.9 1,367.1 1,293.0 1,426.6 1,427.2 1,425.0 -2.2

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,052.7 3,177.0 3,139.2 3,141.7 3,074.9 3,145.1 3,153.6 3,163.4 9.8

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,027.4 987.5 983.2 983.8 1,033.2 960.8 977.5 989.4 11.9

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940.7 938.6 928.4 921.8 955.7 939.3 935.8 934.8 -1.0

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,242.1 1,075.7 1,006.2 961.5 1,270.6 979.0 996.2 976.2 -20.0

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544.1 499.5 475.9 466.9 562.5 460.4 463.4 467.0 3.6

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,927.1 3,278.6 3,097.6 3,035.0 2,999.4 3,048.1 3,088.8 3,103.2 14.4

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 986.1 1,110.1 998.0 956.7 1,018.4 976.8 973.6 977.4 3.8

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,941.0 2,168.5 2,099.6 2,078.3 1,981.1 2,071.3 2,115.2 2,125.8 10.6

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829.4 782.2 762.2 773.1 849.1 770.0 776.0 784.3 8.3

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577.4 637.1 596.2 597.5 585.3 610.8 598.5 600.1 1.6

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,745.9 5,998.4 5,709.2 5,586.1 5,823.1 5,668.1 5,654.0 5,658.4 4.4

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513.5 396.8 410.1 402.0 516.9 398.3 412.9 404.7 -8.2

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.4 145.4 141.7 141.7 159.4 144.5 142.5 141.8 -0.7

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 58.2 56.2 57.0 67.6 59.2 58.2 58.7 0.5

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,496.8 1,477.6 1,455.5 1,451.2 1,524.8 1,478.9 1,479.7 1,475.7 -4.0

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504.6 379.2 368.1 380.0 492.7 363.0 358.0 366.6 8.6

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.1 49.6 48.7 47.9 51.3 49.4 48.6 48.2 -0.4

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 26.6 20.6 19.0 19.3 35.2 24.6 25.2 25.4 0.2

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 761.5 700.4 689.7 689.4 764.7 694.7 690.3 690.8 0.5

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849.3 1,305.0 1,100.2 982.5 882.8 1,034.3 1,021.3 1,030.3 9.0

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,318.9 1,465.6 1,420.0 1,415.1 1,327.7 1,421.2 1,417.3 1,416.2 -1.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545.0 540.2 539.0 537.2 547.4 538.5 539.2 538.8 -0.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,894 2,668 2,645 2,661 2,914 2,659 2,669 2,666 -3

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 783.1 761.7 760.7 760.1 785.3 761.6 765.0 762.5 -2.5

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426.5 262.4 236.6 246.4 441.9 258.7 255.1 254.2 -0.9

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264.7 247.4 246.8 250.5 264.2 246.3 247.7 248.8 1.1

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706.0 683.3 688.0 685.9 708.0 679.5 686.9 683.5 -3.4

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362.3 354.9 351.5 356.8 363.0 355.8 353.6 355.4 1.8

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351.4 358.0 361.1 361.7 352.0 357.2 360.4 361.8 1.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,820 8,788 8,724 8,728 8,875 8,774 8,775 8,770 -5

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,498.0 6,554.8 6,525.1 6,528.7 6,513.4 6,539.4 6,538.4 6,537.0 -1.4

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.5 20.3 20.2 20.2 19.5 20.3 20.2 20.4 0.2

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,665.9 2,673.4 2,669.8 2,673.9 2,672.1 2,670.4 2,670.9 2,675.0 4.1

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,786.6 1,749.6 1,746.2 1,742.0 1,789.6 1,749.9 1,746.3 1,742.1 -4.2

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,399.3 1,362.9 1,359.4 1,357.1 1,400.1 1,364.1 1,360.1 1,357.1 -3.0

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 579.3 607.4 606.7 610.0 583.0 605.7 608.1 612.0 3.9

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 300.0 316.4 316.9 321.9 299.6 314.8 316.5 320.9 4.4

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 961.2 975.6 975.3 973.7 965.8 973.0 979.4 976.6 -2.8

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,851.4 2,885.5 2,859.8 2,860.9 2,856.0 2,875.7 2,867.9 2,865.0 -2.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,322.2 2,233.6 2,199.0 2,199.1 2,361.6 2,234.7 2,236.9 2,232.6 -4.3

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,730.9 1,726.5 1,695.7 1,699.6 1,751.7 1,720.4 1,717.6 1,718.0 0.4

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568.6 484.5 481.3 477.6 586.7 491.9 496.8 492.3 -4.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Change

from:

Jan.2021 -

Feb.2021p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 22.7 22.6 22.0 21.9 23.2 22.4 22.5 22.3 -0.2

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,134 20,638 20,285 20,423 21,469 20,550 20,635 20,698 63

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,739.8 9,554.8 9,552.5 9,648.3 9,708.7 9,526.0 9,555.3 9,578.1 22.8

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,158.3 1,128.0 1,114.9 1,123.4 1,165.3 1,121.9 1,122.4 1,129.6 7.2

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,129.5 1,001.2 1,066.3 1,115.8 1,027.7 996.5 997.8 996.3 -1.5

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,527.6 1,524.4 1,510.6 1,512.8 1,546.2 1,525.7 1,527.8 1,529.5 1.7

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.7 135.4 134.3 133.9 142.3 133.6 135.7 134.7 -1.0

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,228.3 2,204.6 2,208.8 2,218.7 2,239.4 2,211.7 2,214.2 2,220.4 6.2

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,560.1 1,568.7 1,560.0 1,572.5 1,574.3 1,554.2 1,580.3 1,583.8 3.5

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756.0 784.8 783.6 790.0 762.7 784.1 790.6 794.8 4.2

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.4 443.3 431.8 435.3 486.9 440.6 434.8 436.5 1.7

Other professional and technical services. . . 754.9 764.4 742.2 745.9 763.9 757.7 751.7 752.5 0.8

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,411.2 2,354.6 2,325.4 2,320.2 2,425.0 2,351.7 2,333.5 2,331.7 -1.8

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,982.7 8,728.3 8,407.5 8,454.7 9,334.8 8,671.8 8,746.4 8,787.8 41.4

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,532.6 8,279.9 7,966.7 8,016.8 8,876.3 8,222.4 8,298.1 8,341.7 43.6

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 540.8 527.8 532.0 534.7 545.3 528.4 535.9 538.8 2.9

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.4 153.3 152.8 152.2 164.7 152.8 154.1 152.6 -1.5

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,441.5 3,389.3 3,209.0 3,243.6 3,593.1 3,256.5 3,342.3 3,387.6 45.3

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,810.1 2,762.4 2,595.1 2,636.9 2,944.8 2,620.6 2,717.0 2,769.7 52.7

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864.8 825.4 801.6 799.0 864.7 804.1 798.3 798.0 -0.3

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.6 145.5 143.3 142.8 220.8 147.0 146.9 145.5 -1.4

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 950.4 899.8 894.2 900.0 957.0 895.9 906.2 903.8 -2.4

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,025.1 2,038.3 1,941.7 1,953.2 2,197.7 2,133.6 2,117.8 2,122.4 4.6

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330.0 300.5 292.1 291.3 333.0 304.1 296.6 293.0 -3.6

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450.1 448.4 440.8 437.9 458.5 449.4 448.3 446.1 -2.2

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,668 23,400 23,095 23,371 24,565 23,249 23,223 23,267 44

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,927.6 3,404.1 3,314.4 3,525.4 3,778.7 3,321.0 3,391.3 3,388.9 -2.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,740.5 19,996.1 19,780.5 19,845.6 20,786.5 19,928.3 19,832.1 19,877.7 45.6

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,445.4 16,036.3 15,851.1 15,877.8 16,492.1 15,979.3 15,894.6 15,914.5 19.9

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,852.3 7,733.8 7,654.8 7,691.0 7,875.2 7,700.2 7,681.2 7,710.1 28.9

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,720.6 2,680.1 2,655.1 2,664.3 2,726.1 2,662.9 2,660.8 2,669.5 8.7

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987.9 987.9 983.0 986.4 990.9 983.5 985.0 990.2 5.2

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 999.3 951.3 945.2 948.2 1,002.2 948.4 949.4 951.1 1.7

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996.8 1,002.9 986.7 991.3 997.7 998.4 989.1 991.6 2.5

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 288.8 288.9 290.4 292.4 289.3 288.0 290.2 291.3 1.1

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,539.3 1,514.0 1,485.1 1,492.4 1,547.3 1,508.7 1,493.9 1,499.6 5.7

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319.6 308.7 309.3 316.0 321.7 310.3 312.8 316.8 4.0

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,229.3 5,183.9 5,130.4 5,131.0 5,237.5 5,174.8 5,137.3 5,135.1 -2.2

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,363.8 3,118.6 3,065.9 3,055.8 3,379.4 3,104.3 3,076.1 3,069.3 -6.8

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,579.8 1,439.5 1,410.9 1,397.6 1,585.7 1,433.4 1,414.9 1,403.3 -11.6

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 648.4 612.2 604.9 609.4 651.0 611.0 607.2 611.7 4.5

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970.6 912.5 899.1 897.3 976.1 906.0 901.6 901.8 0.2

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 165.0 154.4 151.0 151.5 166.6 153.9 152.4 152.5 0.1

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,295.1 3,959.8 3,929.4 3,967.8 4,294.4 3,949.0 3,937.5 3,963.2 25.7

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,731.8 2,616.3 2,602.9 2,626.0 2,735.2 2,614.4 2,611.0 2,628.5 17.5

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 186.3 186.5 182.8 183.7 187.1 184.0 183.6 184.0 0.4

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 322.6 276.6 273.3 274.1 325.6 277.1 276.1 274.4 -1.7

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,054.4 880.4 870.4 884.0 1,046.5 873.5 866.8 876.3 9.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,292 12,896 12,569 13,001 16,915 13,134 13,109 13,464 355

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,270.4 1,605.6 1,532.8 1,579.0 2,501.9 1,715.9 1,694.6 1,727.6 33.0

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 482.3 311.1 290.9 303.8 525.2 321.9 327.4 326.8 -0.6

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.3 128.2 118.3 118.3 174.6 133.0 128.2 129.3 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Change

from:

Jan.2021 -

Feb.2021p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,628.8 1,166.3 1,123.6 1,156.9 1,802.1 1,261.0 1,239.0 1,271.5 32.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,021.8 11,289.9 11,035.7 11,422.4 14,412.9 11,418.1 11,414.7 11,736.3 321.6

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,015.4 1,376.4 1,333.4 1,374.3 2,104.8 1,421.2 1,401.0 1,436.7 35.7

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 12,006.4 9,913.5 9,702.3 10,048.1 12,308.1 9,996.9 10,013.7 10,299.6 285.9

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,882 5,448 5,417 5,445 5,937 5,469 5,481 5,491 10

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,357.7 1,304.8 1,298.5 1,299.9 1,364.1 1,312.2 1,312.8 1,303.9 -8.9

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,544.4 1,298.5 1,286.6 1,300.7 1,566.1 1,298.3 1,303.7 1,318.8 15.1

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,979.5 2,845.0 2,831.8 2,844.8 3,006.9 2,858.5 2,864.9 2,868.5 3.6

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,094 21,800 21,418 21,733 22,835 21,456 21,532 21,446 -86

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,840 2,905 2,851 2,848 2,863 2,892 2,868 2,865 -3

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,244.6 2,279.8 2,248.4 2,242.5 2,259.8 2,285.3 2,260.7 2,255.5 -5.2

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595.0 624.7 602.1 605.9 602.8 606.7 607.7 609.8 2.1

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,432 5,039 4,890 5,078 5,303 4,930 4,984 4,945 -39

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,737.3 2,361.1 2,219.3 2,412.9 2,596.2 2,243.7 2,301.2 2,269.2 -32.0

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,694.6 2,677.6 2,670.8 2,664.6 2,706.8 2,686.4 2,683.0 2,675.7 -7.3

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,822 13,856 13,677 13,807 14,669 13,634 13,680 13,636 -44

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,307.5 7,634.1 7,518.5 7,644.5 8,029.6 7,326.4 7,392.2 7,355.6 -36.6

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,514.8 6,222.1 6,158.4 6,162.7 6,639.7 6,307.3 6,288.2 6,280.1 -8.1

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.7 34.9 34.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.3 39.9 40.2 39.6

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.6 45.0 45.4 44.9

Construction....................................................................... 39.2 39.2 39.3 38.2

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 40.0 40.4 40.2

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.1 40.3 40.7 40.4

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.9 39.7 39.9 39.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.6 33.9 33.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.2 34.1 34.4 34.2

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 38.6 39.1 38.7

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.7 30.4 30.7 30.5

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.3 38.9 39.0 38.9

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.8 42.9 42.9

Information......................................................................... 36.2 37.1 37.4 37.3

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.7 37.8 37.7

Professional and business services............................................ 36.2 36.7 36.9 36.6

Education and health services.................................................. 33.1 33.5 33.6 33.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.8 25.2 25.8 25.3

Other services..................................................................... 31.9 32.4 32.6 32.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Total private............................................... $28.51 $29.91 $29.94 $30.01 $980.74 $1,037.88 $1,044.91 $1,038.35

Goods-producing....................................... 29.56 30.30 30.39 30.40 1,191.27 1,208.97 1,221.68 1,203.84

Mining and logging.................................. 34.41 34.67 34.71 34.84 1,569.10 1,560.15 1,575.83 1,564.32

Construction.......................................... 31.36 32.09 32.22 32.33 1,229.31 1,257.93 1,266.25 1,235.01

Manufacturing........................................ 28.23 29.00 29.08 29.06 1,148.96 1,160.00 1,174.83 1,168.21

Durable goods.................................... 29.65 30.49 30.52 30.48 1,218.62 1,228.75 1,242.16 1,231.39

Nondurable goods................................ 25.78 26.54 26.67 26.72 1,028.62 1,053.64 1,064.13 1,066.13

Private service-providing.............................. 28.26 29.82 29.84 29.92 941.06 1,001.95 1,011.58 1,005.31

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 24.65 25.67 25.69 25.67 843.03 875.35 883.74 877.91

Wholesale trade.................................. 31.81 32.87 32.96 33.12 1,234.23 1,268.78 1,288.74 1,281.74

Retail trade........................................ 20.18 21.33 21.36 21.23 619.53 648.43 655.75 647.52

Transportation and warehousing............... 25.05 25.72 25.65 25.72 959.42 1,000.51 1,000.35 1,000.51

Utilities............................................. 42.42 44.13 44.24 44.09 1,807.09 1,888.76 1,897.90 1,891.46

Information........................................... 42.95 44.28 44.45 44.77 1,554.79 1,642.79 1,662.43 1,669.92

Financial activities................................... 36.85 39.06 39.25 39.73 1,385.56 1,472.56 1,483.65 1,497.82

Professional and business services.............. 34.43 35.59 35.73 35.88 1,246.37 1,306.15 1,318.44 1,313.21

Education and health services..................... 27.90 29.45 29.30 29.27 923.49 986.58 984.48 971.76

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.90 17.15 17.21 17.28 436.02 432.18 444.02 437.18

Other services....................................... 25.59 26.85 26.92 27.10 816.32 869.94 877.59 872.62

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2021 -

Feb.

2021p

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2021 -

Feb.

2021p

Total private..................................... 112.0 105.4 106.1 105.6 -0.5 152.7 150.8 151.9 151.5 -0.3

Goods-producing............................. 97.0 92.0 92.6 91.0 -1.7 129.7 125.9 127.2 125.0 -1.7

Mining and logging........................ 98.9 84.4 85.2 83.1 -2.5 136.6 117.5 118.7 116.2 -2.1

Construction................................ 103.3 100.0 100.3 96.7 -3.6 140.8 139.4 140.4 135.8 -3.3

Manufacturing.............................. 93.7 88.0 88.8 88.5 -0.3 123.0 118.7 120.1 119.6 -0.4

Durable goods........................... 92.7 86.2 86.9 86.4 -0.6 122.0 116.7 117.8 117.0 -0.7

Nondurable goods...................... 95.4 91.8 92.3 92.4 0.1 124.8 123.6 124.9 125.2 0.2

Private service-providing.................... 116.4 109.1 110.1 109.7 -0.4 159.9 158.1 159.8 159.6 -0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 104.0 100.4 101.5 101.1 -0.4 138.3 139.0 140.6 139.9 -0.5

Wholesale trade......................... 100.9 95.6 97.1 96.2 -0.9 134.2 131.5 133.9 133.3 -0.4

Retail trade.............................. 97.3 93.6 94.8 94.4 -0.4 129.8 131.9 133.8 132.5 -1.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 128.1 126.7 126.7 126.5 -0.2 163.3 165.8 165.3 165.5 0.1

Utilities.................................... 100.9 99.7 100.1 100.0 -0.1 141.4 145.4 146.3 145.7 -0.4

Information................................. 96.3 90.1 91.2 90.8 -0.4 147.3 142.0 144.3 144.8 0.3

Financial activities......................... 109.3 108.4 108.7 108.3 -0.4 157.2 165.1 166.4 167.9 0.9

Professional and business services..... 121.9 118.3 119.4 118.8 -0.5 169.9 170.4 172.7 172.6 -0.1

Education and health services........... 132.8 127.2 127.4 126.1 -1.0 178.2 180.2 179.6 177.6 -1.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 124.5 94.4 96.5 97.2 0.7 169.8 130.7 134.0 135.5 1.1

Other services............................. 109.2 102.2 103.0 101.9 -1.1 153.2 150.3 152.0 151.4 -0.4

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Total nonfarm............................................. 76,309 70,852 70,999 71,244 50.0 49.7 49.8 49.8

Total private............................................ 63,118 58,520 58,600 58,859 48.7 48.3 48.4 48.4

Goods-producing.................................... 4,756 4,581 4,578 4,586 22.5 22.6 22.6 22.7

Mining and logging............................... 89 84 81 81 12.9 14.1 13.6 13.8

Construction....................................... 996 983 985 986 13.0 13.3 13.3 13.4

Manufacturing..................................... 3,671 3,514 3,512 3,519 28.7 28.7 28.7 28.8

Durable goods.................................. 1,947 1,861 1,859 1,864 24.3 24.5 24.5 24.5

Nondurable goods............................. 1,724 1,653 1,653 1,655 36.0 35.7 35.7 35.7

Private service-providing........................... 58,362 53,939 54,022 54,273 53.8 53.5 53.5 53.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,158 10,617 10,630 10,626 40.0 39.3 39.3 39.2

Wholesale trade................................ 1,770.9 1,678.0 1,687.3 1,690.8 30.0 29.9 30.0 30.0

Retail trade..................................... 7,736.9 7,352.9 7,368.9 7,381.4 49.6 48.5 48.5 48.4

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,517.3 1,452.8 1,440.4 1,420.2 26.1 25.6 25.5 25.1

Utilities........................................... 133.3 133.6 133.6 133.2 24.4 24.8 24.8 24.7

Information......................................... 1,154 1,062 1,070 1,058 39.6 39.9 40.1 39.7

Financial activities................................ 5,015 4,961 4,958 4,958 56.5 56.5 56.5 56.5

Professional and business services............ 9,845 9,451 9,503 9,553 45.9 46.0 46.1 46.2

Education and health services.................. 19,016 17,978 17,957 17,994 77.4 77.3 77.3 77.3

Leisure and hospitality........................... 9,004 6,972 6,998 7,158 53.2 53.1 53.4 53.2

Other services..................................... 3,170 2,898 2,906 2,926 53.4 53.0 53.0 53.3

Government............................................. 13,191 12,332 12,399 12,385 57.8 57.5 57.6 57.7

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Total private............................................................................... 106,651 98,617 98,652 99,001

Goods-producing....................................................................... 15,137 14,360 14,332 14,296

Mining and logging.................................................................. 496 426 428 420

Construction.......................................................................... 5,709 5,463 5,447 5,390

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,932 8,471 8,457 8,486

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,499 5,149 5,136 5,158

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,433 3,322 3,321 3,328

Private service-providing.............................................................. 91,514 84,257 84,320 84,705

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,575 22,855 22,870 22,852

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,721.3 4,453.4 4,477.6 4,481.9

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,323.2 12,936.1 12,986.7 13,014.3

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 5,091.8 5,039.3 4,977.5 4,928.1

Utilities.............................................................................. 438.9 425.8 427.9 427.6

Information............................................................................ 2,338 2,092 2,116 2,115

Financial activities................................................................... 6,870 6,667 6,657 6,635

Professional and business services............................................... 17,414 16,534 16,637 16,701

Education and health services..................................................... 21,572 20,370 20,344 20,362

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,846 11,287 11,243 11,585

Other services........................................................................ 4,899 4,452 4,453 4,455

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.7 34.2 34.4 34.0

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.0 40.9 41.1 40.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.8 45.9 46.2 46.0

Construction....................................................................... 39.5 39.8 40.2 38.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.7 41.3 41.5 41.2

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.0 41.5 41.8 41.3

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.2 41.1 41.0 41.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.5 33.0 33.3 32.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.9 34.1 34.5 34.3

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.6 38.5 38.9 38.6

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.4 30.6 30.9 30.9

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.0 38.5 39.1 38.7

Utilities........................................................................... 43.0 42.4 42.5 42.6

Information......................................................................... 35.2 36.5 36.5 36.3

Financial activities................................................................ 36.8 37.4 37.5 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 35.6 36.3 36.4 35.9

Education and health services.................................................. 32.3 32.9 32.9 32.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.7 23.8 24.6 24.1

Other services..................................................................... 31.0 31.4 31.5 31.1

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.0

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Total private............................................... $23.96 $25.15 $25.15 $25.19 $807.45 $860.13 $865.16 $856.46

Goods-producing....................................... 25.15 25.77 25.84 25.80 1,031.15 1,053.99 1,062.02 1,042.32

Mining and logging.................................. 30.79 30.16 30.51 30.48 1,410.18 1,384.34 1,409.56 1,402.08

Construction.......................................... 28.96 29.64 29.70 29.73 1,143.92 1,179.67 1,193.94 1,150.55

Manufacturing........................................ 22.50 23.12 23.18 23.19 938.25 954.86 961.97 955.43

Durable goods.................................... 23.52 24.12 24.19 24.21 987.84 1,000.98 1,011.14 999.87

Nondurable goods................................ 20.85 21.55 21.57 21.62 859.02 885.71 884.37 888.58

Private service-providing.............................. 23.71 25.03 25.00 25.06 770.58 825.99 832.50 824.47

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 20.96 21.74 21.71 21.67 710.54 741.33 749.00 743.28

Wholesale trade.................................. 26.25 27.12 27.22 27.23 1,013.25 1,044.12 1,058.86 1,051.08

Retail trade........................................ 16.98 17.96 17.90 17.87 516.19 549.58 553.11 552.18

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.67 23.10 23.00 22.96 861.46 889.35 899.30 888.55

Utilities............................................. 37.79 39.00 39.20 39.43 1,624.97 1,653.60 1,666.00 1,679.72

Information........................................... 34.65 36.19 36.54 36.70 1,219.68 1,320.94 1,333.71 1,332.21

Financial activities................................... 28.25 29.68 29.92 29.95 1,039.60 1,110.03 1,122.00 1,123.13

Professional and business services.............. 28.45 29.66 29.74 29.91 1,012.82 1,076.66 1,082.54 1,073.77

Education and health services..................... 24.77 26.28 26.06 26.16 800.07 864.61 857.37 850.20

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.91 14.66 14.83 15.03 368.28 348.91 364.82 362.22

Other services....................................... 21.79 22.93 22.94 23.01 675.49 720.00 722.61 715.61

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2021 -

Feb.

2021p

Feb.

2020

Dec.

2020

Jan.

2021p

Feb.

2021p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2021 -

Feb.

2021p

Total private..................................... 119.8 112.4 113.1 112.2 -0.8 191.8 188.9 190.1 188.8 -0.7

Goods-producing............................. 94.8 89.8 90.0 88.3 -1.9 146.1 141.6 142.4 139.4 -2.1

Mining and logging........................ 120.7 103.9 105.1 102.7 -2.3 216.2 182.3 186.5 182.0 -2.4

Construction................................ 112.9 108.9 109.6 104.4 -4.7 176.6 174.2 175.8 167.7 -4.6

Manufacturing.............................. 85.5 80.3 80.6 80.3 -0.4 125.8 121.4 122.1 121.7 -0.3

Durable goods........................... 86.8 80.3 80.7 80.0 -0.9 127.4 120.9 121.8 121.0 -0.7

Nondurable goods...................... 83.3 80.4 80.2 80.6 0.5 122.8 122.5 122.3 123.1 0.7

Private service-providing.................... 126.7 118.5 119.6 118.7 -0.8 206.1 203.4 205.1 204.1 -0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 111.8 109.0 110.3 109.6 -0.6 167.4 169.3 171.2 169.7 -0.9

Wholesale trade......................... 108.2 101.8 103.4 102.7 -0.7 167.6 162.9 166.1 165.0 -0.7

Retail trade.............................. 102.5 100.2 101.6 101.8 0.2 149.1 154.2 155.8 155.8 0.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 146.4 146.8 147.3 144.3 -2.0 211.3 215.9 215.6 210.9 -2.2

Utilities.................................... 96.5 92.3 93.0 93.2 0.2 152.2 150.3 152.2 153.3 0.7

Information................................. 93.9 87.2 88.2 87.6 -0.7 161.1 156.1 159.5 159.2 -0.2

Financial activities......................... 119.0 117.4 117.5 117.1 -0.3 206.8 214.3 216.3 215.8 -0.2

Professional and business services..... 138.6 134.2 135.4 134.1 -1.0 234.5 236.7 239.5 238.4 -0.5

Education and health services........... 148.6 142.9 142.7 141.1 -1.1 242.9 247.9 245.5 243.6 -0.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 134.3 98.4 101.3 102.3 1.0 227.4 163.8 170.6 174.6 2.3

Other services............................. 106.5 98.0 98.4 97.2 -1.2 169.1 163.8 164.4 162.9 -0.9

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.