Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-16-0882 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 6, 2016

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — APRIL 2016 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 160,000 in April, and the unemployment rate was 

unchanged at 5.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in 

professional and business services, health care, and financial activities. Job losses continued in mining. 

Household Survey Data 

In April, the unemployment rate held at 5.0 percent, and the number of unemployed persons was little 

changed at 7.9 million. Both measures have shown little movement since August. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Hispanics increased to 6.1 percent in 

April, while the rates for adult men (4.6 percent), adult women (4.5 percent), teenagers (16.0 percent), 

Whites (4.3 percent), Blacks (8.8 percent), and Asians (3.8 percent) showed little or no change. 

(See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) declined by 150,000 to 2.1 

million in April. These individuals accounted for 25.7 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.) 
- 2 -` 

In April, the labor force participation rate decreased to 62.8 percent, and the employment-population 

ratio edged down to 59.7 percent. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (also referred to as involuntary 

part-time workers) was about unchanged in April at 6.0 million and has shown little movement since 

November. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part 

time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. 

(See table A-8.) 

In April, 1.7 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 400,000 from a 

year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 568,000 discouraged workers in April, down by 188,000 

from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 160,000 in April. Over the prior 12 months, 

employment growth had averaged 232,000 per month. In April, employment gains occurred in 

professional and business services, health care, and financial activities, while mining continued to 

lose jobs. (See table B-1.) 

Professional and business services added 65,000 jobs in April. The industry added an average of 

51,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 months. In April, job gains occurred in management and 

technical consulting services (+21,000) and in computer systems design and related services (+7,000). 

In April, health care employment rose by 44,000, with most of the increase occurring in hospitals 

(+23,000) and ambulatory health care services (+19,000). Over the year, health care employment has 

increased by 502,000. 

Employment in financial activities rose by 20,000 in April, with credit intermediation and related 

activities (+8,000) contributing to the gain. Financial activities has added 160,000 jobs over the past 

12 months. 

Mining employment continued to decline in April (-7,000). Since reaching a peak in September 2014, 

employment in mining has decreased by 191,000, with more than three-quarters of the loss in support 

activities for mining. 

Employment in other major industries, including construction, manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail 

trade, transportation and warehousing, information, leisure and hospitality, and government, 

showed little or no change over the month. 
- 3 -` 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.5 

hours in April. The manufacturing workweek and overtime remained unchanged at 40.7 hours and 3.3 

hours, respectively. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private 

nonfarm payrolls was up by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 8 cents 

to $25.53, following an increase of 6 cents in March. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen 

by 2.5 percent. In April, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees increased by 5 cents to $21.45. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised from +245,000 to +233,000, 

and the change for March was revised from +215,000 to +208,000. With these revisions, employment 

gains in February and March combined were 19,000 less than previously reported. Over the past 3 

months, job gains have averaged 200,000 per month. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 3, 2016, at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

Change from:

Mar. 2016-

Apr. 2016

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 250,266 252,577 252,768 252,969 201

Civilian labor force........................................................... 157,032 158,890 159,286 158,924 -362

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.7 62.9 63.0 62.8 -0.2

Employed................................................................... 148,509 151,074 151,320 151,004 -316

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.3 59.8 59.9 59.7 -0.2

Unemployed............................................................... 8,523 7,815 7,966 7,920 -46

Unemployment rate.................................................... 5.4 4.9 5.0 5.0 0.0

Not in labor force............................................................ 93,234 93,688 93,482 94,044 562

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 5.4 4.9 5.0 5.0 0.0

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.6 0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.5 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 17.1 15.6 15.9 16.0 0.1

White.......................................................................... 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.3 0.0

Black or African American.................................................. 9.6 8.8 9.0 8.8 -0.2

Asian.......................................................................... 4.4 3.8 4.0 3.8 -0.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 6.9 5.4 5.6 6.1 0.5

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.0

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 8.5 7.3 7.4 7.5 0.1

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.4 0.0

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.1 0.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.4 -0.2

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 4,130 3,749 3,835 3,855 20

Job leavers...................................................................... 824 760 833 851 18

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,649 2,467 2,495 2,357 -138

New entrants.................................................................... 867 833 778 839 61

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,707 2,297 2,412 2,545 133

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,339 2,236 2,205 2,131 -74

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,162 1,132 1,178 1,304 126

27 weeks and over............................................................. 2,503 2,165 2,213 2,063 -150

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 6,549 5,988 6,123 5,962 -161

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,870 3,579 3,631 3,709 78

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,349 2,104 2,154 2,009 -145

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,034 20,615 20,428 20,469 41

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 2,115 1,803 1,720 1,715 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 756 599 585 568 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 233 208 160

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 222 184 171

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 -20 0 -3

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -15 -17 -12 -8

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 13 41 1

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 -16 -29 4

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 -14 -24 6

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.0 -1.5 6.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -2 -5 -2

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 242 184 174

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.5 2.4 9.7 2.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 52.0 39.0 -3.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 0.4 4.9 8.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.5 -0.6 0.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 11 6 0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8 14 20

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 35 37 65

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 -2.2 9.3 9.3

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 77 43 54

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.6 56.7 34.0 38.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 37 24 22

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 18 7 5

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 11 24 -11

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 224 203 200

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 212 187 192

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.3 49.5 49.5 49.5

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 48.1 48.1 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.4 34.4 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24.91 $25.39 $25.45 $25.53

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $859.40 $873.42 $875.48 $880.79

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.3 104.9 105.1 105.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 -0.4 0.2 0.4

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.0 127.3 127.8 128.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 -0.4 0.4 0.8

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (262 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 58.8 58.6 56.3

Manufacturing (79 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 43.0 36.7 47.5

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 146,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 623,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from 

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,266 252,768 252,969 250,266 251,936 252,397 252,577 252,768 252,969

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,554 158,854 158,488 157,032 157,833 158,335 158,890 159,286 158,924

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 62.8 62.7 62.7 62.6 62.7 62.9 63.0 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,587 150,738 151,075 148,509 149,929 150,544 151,074 151,320 151,004

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.4 59.6 59.7 59.3 59.5 59.6 59.8 59.9 59.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,966 8,116 7,413 8,523 7,904 7,791 7,815 7,966 7,920

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.1 4.7 5.4 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,712 93,914 94,481 93,234 94,103 94,062 93,688 93,482 94,044

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,096 5,446 5,671 6,194 5,886 5,973 5,870 5,712 5,793

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,831 122,112 122,213 120,831 121,671 121,926 122,017 122,112 122,213

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,358 84,384 84,323 83,739 83,876 84,238 84,673 84,765 84,641

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.0 69.1 69.0 69.3 68.9 69.1 69.4 69.4 69.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,996 79,884 80,302 79,159 79,546 80,104 80,491 80,543 80,419

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.4 65.4 65.7 65.5 65.4 65.7 66.0 66.0 65.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,362 4,499 4,021 4,580 4,330 4,134 4,181 4,222 4,222

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.3 4.8 5.5 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,473 37,729 37,890 37,092 37,795 37,688 37,344 37,347 37,572

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,400 113,653 113,746 112,400 113,241 113,483 113,566 113,653 113,746

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,670 81,659 81,655 80,836 80,927 81,333 81,667 81,815 81,748

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 71.8 71.8 71.9 71.5 71.7 71.9 72.0 71.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,749 77,639 78,028 76,773 77,119 77,704 77,991 78,096 77,999

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.3 68.3 68.6 68.3 68.1 68.5 68.7 68.7 68.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,921 4,020 3,628 4,063 3,808 3,629 3,677 3,719 3,749

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.9 4.4 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,730 31,995 32,090 31,564 32,314 32,151 31,898 31,838 31,998

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,434 130,656 130,756 129,434 130,265 130,471 130,561 130,656 130,756

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,196 74,470 74,164 73,293 73,957 74,097 74,217 74,520 74,284

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.6 57.0 56.7 56.6 56.8 56.8 56.8 57.0 56.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,591 70,854 70,773 69,350 70,383 70,440 70,583 70,777 70,586

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.8 54.2 54.1 53.6 54.0 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,605 3,617 3,391 3,943 3,574 3,657 3,634 3,743 3,698

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.9 4.6 5.4 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,238 56,185 56,592 56,141 56,308 56,374 56,344 56,135 56,472

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,246 122,433 122,524 121,246 122,071 122,263 122,345 122,433 122,524

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,509 71,700 71,329 70,453 71,069 71,171 71,313 71,610 71,302

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 58.6 58.2 58.1 58.2 58.2 58.3 58.5 58.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,303 68,451 68,346 66,972 67,911 67,940 68,094 68,293 68,072

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 55.9 55.8 55.2 55.6 55.6 55.7 55.8 55.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,206 3,248 2,983 3,481 3,157 3,231 3,219 3,317 3,230

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,737 50,733 51,196 50,793 51,002 51,092 51,032 50,823 51,223

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,619 16,682 16,699 16,619 16,624 16,651 16,666 16,682 16,699

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,375 5,496 5,504 5,743 5,837 5,832 5,909 5,860 5,875

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 32.9 33.0 34.6 35.1 35.0 35.5 35.1 35.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,536 4,648 4,701 4,763 4,899 4,901 4,990 4,931 4,934

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 27.9 28.2 28.7 29.5 29.4 29.9 29.6 29.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840 848 802 980 938 931 920 929 941

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.6 15.4 14.6 17.1 16.1 16.0 15.6 15.9 16.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,244 11,186 11,195 10,876 10,787 10,819 10,757 10,822 10,824

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,574 197,809 197,906 196,574 197,471 197,639 197,718 197,809 197,906

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,089 124,663 124,416 123,485 123,815 124,362 124,748 125,018 124,749

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 63.0 62.9 62.8 62.7 62.9 63.1 63.2 63.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,642 119,137 119,337 117,704 118,295 119,029 119,442 119,674 119,369

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 60.2 60.3 59.9 59.9 60.2 60.4 60.5 60.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,448 5,526 5,079 5,780 5,520 5,333 5,306 5,345 5,380

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,484 73,146 73,490 73,089 73,656 73,277 72,970 72,791 73,157

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,613 65,175 65,093 64,741 64,691 65,002 65,304 65,296 65,178

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.0 72.1 72.0 72.2 71.7 72.0 72.3 72.3 72.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,870 62,355 62,583 61,912 61,988 62,482 62,787 62,739 62,600

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.0 69.0 69.2 69.0 68.7 69.2 69.5 69.4 69.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,744 2,820 2,510 2,829 2,702 2,520 2,517 2,557 2,578

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.3 3.9 4.4 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,238 55,192 55,023 54,208 54,521 54,753 54,803 55,142 54,984

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.4 58.0 57.8 57.3 57.4 57.6 57.6 58.0 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,115 53,087 52,991 51,916 52,391 52,603 52,659 52,992 52,798

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 55.8 55.7 54.9 55.2 55.4 55.4 55.7 55.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,123 2,105 2,032 2,292 2,130 2,150 2,144 2,149 2,185

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.8 3.7 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,239 4,296 4,300 4,535 4,603 4,607 4,641 4,580 4,587

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.8 34.8 36.8 37.4 37.4 37.7 37.1 37.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,657 3,695 3,763 3,876 3,916 3,944 3,995 3,942 3,970

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.7 30.0 30.5 31.4 31.8 32.0 32.4 32.0 32.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582 601 537 659 687 663 645 638 617

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 14.0 12.5 14.5 14.9 14.4 13.9 13.9 13.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,293 31,753 31,792 31,293 31,594 31,679 31,716 31,753 31,792

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,380 19,421 19,368 19,405 19,442 19,536 19,569 19,513 19,413

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 61.2 60.9 62.0 61.5 61.7 61.7 61.5 61.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,648 17,670 17,779 17,540 17,819 17,821 17,851 17,759 17,700

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.4 55.6 55.9 56.1 56.4 56.3 56.3 55.9 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,731 1,751 1,590 1,864 1,623 1,716 1,718 1,754 1,713

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 9.0 8.2 9.6 8.3 8.8 8.8 9.0 8.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,913 12,332 12,423 11,888 12,152 12,143 12,147 12,240 12,379

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,868 8,871 8,964 8,925 8,780 8,844 8,910 8,881 9,013

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.3 67.1 67.7 68.7 66.8 67.1 67.5 67.2 68.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,095 8,063 8,157 8,106 8,017 8,101 8,146 8,112 8,155

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 61.0 61.6 62.4 61.0 61.5 61.7 61.4 61.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773 809 807 819 763 743 764 768 858

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 9.1 9.0 9.2 8.7 8.4 8.6 8.7 9.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,868 9,842 9,712 9,800 9,928 9,970 9,938 9,868 9,667

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 61.4 60.5 62.0 62.2 62.3 62.0 61.5 60.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,067 9,062 9,090 8,941 9,241 9,179 9,152 9,076 9,003

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 56.5 56.6 56.5 57.9 57.4 57.1 56.6 56.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801 781 622 858 686 791 786 792 665

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 7.9 6.4 8.8 6.9 7.9 7.9 8.0 6.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 708 693 680 734 722 720 764 732

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8 28.3 27.6 27.3 29.5 28.9 28.8 30.5 29.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 546 533 493 560 540 552 571 542

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.5 21.8 21.3 19.8 22.5 21.7 22.1 22.8 21.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 162 160 187 174 182 168 193 190

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 22.9 23.1 27.5 23.7 25.2 23.3 25.3 26.0

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,290 14,911 14,853 14,290 14,553 14,816 14,974 14,911 14,853

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,023 9,478 9,444 9,038 9,168 9,192 9,426 9,411 9,448

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 63.6 63.6 63.3 63.0 62.0 62.9 63.1 63.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,644 9,112 9,101 8,645 8,805 8,856 9,070 9,038 9,090

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.5 61.1 61.3 60.5 60.5 59.8 60.6 60.6 61.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 366 343 394 363 337 355 373 357

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.9 3.6 4.4 4.0 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,267 5,433 5,409 5,251 5,385 5,623 5,548 5,500 5,406

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 39,405 40,386 40,474 39,405 40,090 40,215 40,302 40,386 40,474

Civilian labor force................................ 26,092 26,709 26,530 26,156 26,270 26,451 26,642 26,782 26,595

Participation rate............................... 66.2 66.1 65.5 66.4 65.5 65.8 66.1 66.3 65.7

Employed....................................... 24,443 25,183 25,036 24,348 24,614 24,893 25,193 25,289 24,960

Employment-population ratio............... 62.0 62.4 61.9 61.8 61.4 61.9 62.5 62.6 61.7

Unemployed.................................... 1,650 1,526 1,493 1,808 1,655 1,558 1,449 1,493 1,636

Unemployment rate......................... 6.3 5.7 5.6 6.9 6.3 5.9 5.4 5.6 6.1

Not in labor force................................. 13,312 13,677 13,944 13,248 13,821 13,764 13,660 13,604 13,878

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,442 14,759 14,656 14,476 14,454 14,590 14,705 14,799 14,685

Participation rate............................... 81.3 81.1 80.3 81.5 79.9 80.5 80.9 81.3 80.5

Employed....................................... 13,646 13,995 13,985 13,611 13,659 13,878 14,018 14,085 13,949

Employment-population ratio............... 76.8 76.9 76.7 76.6 75.6 76.5 77.2 77.4 76.5

Unemployed.................................... 796 764 671 865 795 712 688 714 736

Unemployment rate......................... 5.5 5.2 4.6 6.0 5.5 4.9 4.7 4.8 5.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,556 10,836 10,768 10,527 10,646 10,649 10,742 10,814 10,744

Participation rate............................... 58.8 58.8 58.3 58.6 58.2 58.0 58.4 58.7 58.2

Employed....................................... 9,876 10,226 10,099 9,801 9,978 10,022 10,167 10,218 10,041

Employment-population ratio............... 55.0 55.5 54.7 54.6 54.6 54.6 55.3 55.5 54.4

Unemployed.................................... 680 610 670 727 668 627 576 596 703

Unemployment rate......................... 6.4 5.6 6.2 6.9 6.3 5.9 5.4 5.5 6.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,094 1,115 1,105 1,154 1,170 1,212 1,194 1,168 1,166

Participation rate............................... 29.6 29.7 29.4 31.2 31.3 32.5 31.9 31.1 31.0

Employed....................................... 920 962 952 937 977 994 1,008 986 969

Employment-population ratio............... 24.9 25.6 25.3 25.3 26.2 26.6 26.9 26.3 25.8

Unemployed.................................... 174 153 153 217 193 218 186 182 196

Unemployment rate......................... 15.9 13.7 13.8 18.8 16.5 18.0 15.6 15.6 16.8

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 11,544 10,817 11,036 11,299 10,847 11,037 10,648 10,777 10,777

Participation rate.................................. 46.6 46.4 47.2 45.6 45.4 46.0 46.2 46.2 46.1

Employed.......................................... 10,577 9,926 10,206 10,340 10,125 10,221 9,871 9,978 9,966

Employment-population ratio................. 42.7 42.6 43.7 41.7 42.4 42.6 42.8 42.8 42.7

Unemployed....................................... 967 891 830 959 722 816 777 799 812

Unemployment rate............................ 8.4 8.2 7.5 8.5 6.7 7.4 7.3 7.4 7.5

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,565 35,654 35,635 35,554 34,744 35,347 35,626 35,615 35,501

Participation rate.................................. 57.2 57.5 57.4 57.2 57.0 57.8 57.5 57.4 57.2

Employed.......................................... 33,712 33,599 33,785 33,618 32,812 33,475 33,747 33,688 33,567

Employment-population ratio................. 54.2 54.2 54.4 54.1 53.8 54.7 54.5 54.3 54.1

Unemployed....................................... 1,853 2,055 1,850 1,936 1,933 1,872 1,878 1,927 1,934

Unemployment rate............................ 5.2 5.8 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,715 37,929 37,841 37,607 37,869 38,098 38,106 37,958 37,757

Participation rate.................................. 67.3 66.3 66.1 67.1 66.5 66.5 66.7 66.3 65.9

Employed.......................................... 36,044 36,309 36,350 35,865 36,304 36,493 36,496 36,396 36,204

Employment-population ratio................. 64.3 63.4 63.5 64.0 63.8 63.7 63.9 63.6 63.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,671 1,620 1,491 1,742 1,565 1,605 1,610 1,562 1,553

Unemployment rate............................ 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.6 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 51,314 53,715 53,428 51,160 53,054 52,674 53,112 53,447 53,316

Participation rate.................................. 74.8 74.9 74.4 74.6 74.0 73.8 73.8 74.5 74.3

Employed.......................................... 50,013 52,323 52,223 49,767 51,746 51,358 51,805 52,051 52,025

Employment-population ratio................. 72.9 73.0 72.8 72.5 72.2 71.9 72.0 72.6 72.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,301 1,391 1,205 1,393 1,307 1,316 1,307 1,396 1,291

Unemployment rate............................ 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.4

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2016

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,274 20,959 19,281 18,948 1,993 2,011

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,783 10,574 9,539 9,345 1,244 1,229

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.7 50.4 49.5 49.3 62.4 61.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,277 10,157 9,089 8,971 1,188 1,187

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 48.5 47.1 47.3 59.6 59.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 416 450 374 57 42

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 3.9 4.7 4.0 4.6 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,491 10,385 9,742 9,603 749 782

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,609 3,958 3,005 3,230 604 727

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,927 3,129 2,500 2,607 427 522

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.1 79.1 83.2 80.7 70.7 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,726 3,002 2,329 2,507 397 495

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.5 75.9 77.5 77.6 65.8 68.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 127 171 100 30 27

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 4.1 6.9 3.8 7.0 5.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682 828 505 623 177 205

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,380 3,248 2,827 2,785 553 464

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,695 2,619 2,309 2,263 386 356

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.7 80.6 81.7 81.3 69.8 76.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,620 2,514 2,251 2,165 369 348

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.5 77.4 79.6 77.8 66.6 75.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 105 58 98 18 8

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 4.0 2.5 4.3 4.6 2.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 629 518 521 167 108

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,988 8,573 8,669 8,266 319 307

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,415 2,191 2,308 2,116 107 75

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 25.6 26.6 25.6 33.6 24.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,309 2,111 2,202 2,036 107 75

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 24.6 25.4 24.6 33.6 24.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 80 106 80 0 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.6 4.6 3.8 0.0 0.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,573 6,382 6,361 6,150 212 232

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,297 5,180 4,780 4,667 517 513

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,746 2,634 2,422 2,358 324 275

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.8 50.8 50.7 50.5 62.6 53.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,622 2,530 2,307 2,263 315 267

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 48.8 48.3 48.5 60.8 52.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 104 115 96 9 8

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 3.9 4.7 4.1 2.8 2.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,551 2,546 2,358 2,309 193 238

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220,131 222,987 97,005 98,726 123,127 124,261

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,938 146,005 72,880 74,087 71,058 71,918

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.4 65.5 75.1 75.0 57.7 57.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,829 139,378 69,160 70,623 67,668 68,755

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 62.5 71.3 71.5 55.0 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,109 6,627 3,720 3,464 3,390 3,163

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.5 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,193 76,982 24,124 24,639 52,069 52,343

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2016

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 29,608 29,974 220,658 222,995

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,704 6,108 150,850 152,380

Participation rate..................................................................... 19.3 20.4 68.4 68.3

Employed............................................................................. 5,136 5,453 143,451 145,622

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 17.3 18.2 65.0 65.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 568 655 7,399 6,758

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.0 10.7 4.9 4.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,904 23,866 69,807 70,615

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,504 2,633 75,994 76,461

Participation rate..................................................................... 32.5 34.3 82.1 82.0

Employed............................................................................. 2,221 2,329 72,124 72,923

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 28.8 30.3 77.9 78.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 282 305 3,870 3,538

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.3 11.6 5.1 4.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,199 5,054 16,576 16,777

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,240 2,377 67,015 67,675

Participation rate..................................................................... 27.9 29.1 70.0 70.4

Employed............................................................................. 2,026 2,097 63,745 64,694

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 25.2 25.6 66.6 67.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 214 280 3,270 2,981

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.6 11.8 4.9 4.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,801 5,803 28,721 28,520

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 960 1,097 7,841 8,244

Participation rate..................................................................... 6.9 7.8 24.2 24.6

Employed............................................................................. 889 1,027 7,582 8,006

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.4 7.3 23.4 23.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 71 71 259 238

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.4 6.4 3.3 2.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 12,905 13,010 24,510 25,318

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2016

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 39,997 40,797 19,286 19,830 20,711 20,967

Civilian labor force.................................................. 26,103 26,596 15,094 15,399 11,008 11,197

Participation rate.................................................. 65.3 65.2 78.3 77.7 53.2 53.4

Employed.......................................................... 24,819 25,460 14,406 14,831 10,413 10,629

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.1 62.4 74.7 74.8 50.3 50.7

Unemployed....................................................... 1,284 1,137 689 568 595 568

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.9 4.3 4.6 3.7 5.4 5.1

Not in labor force.................................................... 13,895 14,200 4,192 4,430 9,703 9,770

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 210,268 212,172 101,545 102,384 108,723 109,789

Civilian labor force.................................................. 130,451 131,891 68,263 68,924 62,188 62,967

Participation rate.................................................. 62.0 62.2 67.2 67.3 57.2 57.4

Employed.......................................................... 123,769 125,615 64,590 65,471 59,179 60,144

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.9 59.2 63.6 63.9 54.4 54.8

Unemployed....................................................... 6,683 6,276 3,673 3,453 3,009 2,823

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.1 4.8 5.4 5.0 4.8 4.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 79,817 80,281 33,281 33,459 46,535 46,822

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,294 2,491 2,478 2,419 2,411 2,385 2,456 2,623 2,592

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,463 1,535 1,592 1,593 1,562 1,538 1,571 1,643 1,706

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 799 933 869 792 814 827 878 938 856

Unpaid family workers........................... 32 23 17 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 146,293 148,247 148,597 146,065 147,587 148,115 148,620 148,704 148,377

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 137,371 139,398 139,607 137,145 139,054 139,371 139,815 139,703 139,411

Government..................................... 20,840 20,911 20,615 20,484 20,824 20,715 20,775 20,548 20,323

Private industries............................... 116,531 118,487 118,992 116,670 118,193 118,690 119,024 119,223 119,136

Private households.......................... 793 629 747 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 115,738 117,858 118,245 115,871 117,432 118,025 118,332 118,584 118,390

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,837 8,791 8,941 8,822 8,551 8,699 8,735 8,869 8,872

Unpaid family workers........................... 84 58 50 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,356 6,138 5,771 6,549 6,022 5,988 5,988 6,123 5,962

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,728 3,656 3,603 3,870 3,548 3,544 3,579 3,631 3,709

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,370 2,199 1,994 2,349 2,172 2,134 2,104 2,154 2,009

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,992 20,824 21,460 20,034 20,243 20,311 20,615 20,428 20,469

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,277 6,032 5,690 6,464 5,910 5,851 5,897 6,032 5,874

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,674 3,588 3,546 3,817 3,482 3,467 3,519 3,575 3,651

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,354 2,182 1,984 2,335 2,161 2,116 2,099 2,138 1,995

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,622 20,463 21,089 19,654 19,932 19,973 20,238 20,084 20,114

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,587 150,738 151,075 148,509 149,929 150,544 151,074 151,320 151,004

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,536 4,648 4,701 4,763 4,899 4,901 4,990 4,931 4,934

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,482 1,515 1,540 1,624 1,648 1,669 1,731 1,688 1,692

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,053 3,133 3,161 3,134 3,232 3,222 3,279 3,252 3,239

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,052 146,090 146,374 143,745 145,030 145,644 146,085 146,389 146,070

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,706 13,932 13,810 13,850 14,061 14,056 14,109 14,171 14,016

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,346 132,158 132,564 129,852 130,995 131,597 131,922 132,116 131,998

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,742 97,866 97,932 96,495 96,976 97,583 97,736 97,932 97,648

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,767 33,421 33,458 32,725 32,891 33,320 33,370 33,493 33,390

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,200 31,560 31,533 31,103 31,466 31,511 31,548 31,555 31,445

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,775 32,884 32,941 32,667 32,620 32,752 32,818 32,883 32,813

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,605 34,292 34,632 33,357 34,019 34,014 34,186 34,184 34,350

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,996 79,884 80,302 79,159 79,546 80,104 80,491 80,543 80,419

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,247 2,245 2,275 2,386 2,427 2,400 2,501 2,447 2,420

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746 654 709 828 780 813 830 770 789

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,501 1,592 1,566 1,554 1,631 1,587 1,681 1,674 1,621

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,749 77,639 78,028 76,773 77,119 77,704 77,991 78,096 77,999

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,050 7,145 7,168 7,159 7,173 7,191 7,293 7,284 7,274

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,698 70,494 70,860 69,625 69,945 70,500 70,637 70,750 70,710

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,861 52,343 52,414 51,868 51,935 52,436 52,513 52,580 52,388

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,763 18,102 18,056 17,790 17,785 18,069 18,056 18,199 18,060

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,832 16,937 17,024 16,832 16,933 17,010 17,075 17,018 17,017

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,266 17,303 17,334 17,246 17,217 17,357 17,382 17,363 17,312

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,837 18,151 18,446 17,758 18,010 18,064 18,125 18,170 18,321

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,591 70,854 70,773 69,350 70,383 70,440 70,583 70,777 70,586

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,288 2,402 2,427 2,378 2,472 2,501 2,489 2,485 2,514

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736 861 831 796 868 856 901 918 903

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,553 1,541 1,596 1,581 1,601 1,635 1,598 1,578 1,618

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,303 68,451 68,346 66,972 67,911 67,940 68,094 68,293 68,072

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,655 6,787 6,642 6,690 6,888 6,865 6,817 6,887 6,742

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,648 61,664 61,704 60,227 61,051 61,096 61,285 61,366 61,288

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,881 45,523 45,518 44,627 45,042 45,147 45,224 45,351 45,259

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,004 15,319 15,402 14,935 15,106 15,250 15,315 15,294 15,330

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,369 14,623 14,509 14,271 14,533 14,501 14,474 14,537 14,427

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,508 15,582 15,607 15,421 15,403 15,395 15,435 15,520 15,502

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,768 16,141 16,186 15,599 16,009 15,950 16,061 16,015 16,028

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,042 45,153 45,277 44,992 45,187 45,231 45,175 45,266 45,207

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,045 35,626 35,333 34,970 35,080 34,997 35,100 35,387 35,227

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,706 9,744 9,678 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,402 122,522 122,742 120,799 122,603 123,141 123,206 123,447 123,194

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,185 28,216 28,333 27,707 27,359 27,364 27,853 27,818 27,797

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,000 7,592 7,383 6,994 7,738 7,504 7,339 7,466 7,411

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 5.0 4.9 4.7 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,378 5,567 5,518 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,636 9,724 9,809 9,614 9,364 9,526 9,613 9,807 9,728

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Apr.

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 8,523 7,966 7,920 5.4 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 980 929 941 17.1 16.1 16.0 15.6 15.9 16.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 401 402 415 19.8 17.4 17.9 18.8 19.2 19.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 557 529 504 15.1 15.2 14.9 13.8 14.0 13.5

20 years and over................................ 7,544 7,036 6,979 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,470 1,299 1,357 9.6 9.4 8.2 8.6 8.4 8.8

25 years and over.............................. 6,036 5,717 5,618 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1

25 to 54 years............................... 4,675 4,311 4,319 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2

25 to 34 years............................. 1,991 1,819 1,822 5.7 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2

35 to 44 years............................. 1,388 1,266 1,298 4.3 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.0

45 to 54 years............................. 1,297 1,227 1,199 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5

55 years and over........................... 1,370 1,387 1,298 3.9 3.2 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.6

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,580 4,222 4,222 5.5 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 517 503 473 17.8 17.7 17.4 16.8 17.0 16.4

16 to 17 years.................................. 217 227 204 20.8 20.6 19.8 21.4 22.8 20.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 279 280 247 15.2 15.8 16.1 14.5 14.3 13.2

20 years and over................................ 4,063 3,719 3,749 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6

20 to 24 years.................................. 850 729 762 10.6 10.3 9.0 9.3 9.1 9.5

25 years and over.............................. 3,195 2,970 2,985 4.4 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1

25 to 54 years............................... 2,423 2,221 2,269 4.5 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2

25 to 34 years............................. 1,010 947 1,023 5.4 5.6 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.4

35 to 44 years............................. 702 632 636 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6

45 to 54 years............................. 711 642 610 4.0 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.4

55 years and over........................... 772 749 716 4.2 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.8

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,943 3,743 3,698 5.4 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 462 426 468 16.3 14.4 14.5 14.3 14.6 15.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 184 175 211 18.8 14.2 16.1 16.3 16.0 18.9

18 to 19 years.................................. 278 248 257 15.0 14.7 13.8 13.1 13.6 13.7

20 years and over................................ 3,481 3,317 3,230 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 620 570 595 8.5 8.5 7.3 7.9 7.6 8.1

25 years and over.............................. 2,841 2,747 2,633 4.5 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.1

25 to 54 years............................... 2,252 2,089 2,050 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.3

25 to 34 years............................. 980 872 799 6.2 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.4 5.0

35 to 44 years............................. 686 633 663 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.4

45 to 54 years............................. 586 584 588 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.7

55 years and over........................... 604 629 590 3.7 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.6

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present...................... 1,399 1,357 1,258 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.7

Married women, spouse present.................. 1,216 1,135 1,135 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1

Women who maintain families1

.................... 730 713 695 7.0 5.8 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2................................... 7,044 6,586 6,585 5.5 5.1 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.1

Part-time workers3.................................. 1,444 1,389 1,313 5.0 4.6 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.5

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,977 4,149 3,716 4,130 3,796 3,664 3,749 3,835 3,855

On temporary layoff.............................. 871 1,106 748 959 937 923 960 921 841

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 3,106 3,044 2,968 3,171 2,859 2,741 2,790 2,914 3,014

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,224 2,153 2,065 2,230 2,044 1,876 1,969 2,068 2,058

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 882 891 903 941 815 865 821 845 957

Job leavers........................................... 780 829 810 824 821 766 760 833 851

Reentrants............................................ 2,465 2,450 2,163 2,649 2,476 2,468 2,467 2,495 2,357

New entrants......................................... 745 688 724 867 858 827 833 778 839

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 49.9 51.1 50.1 48.8 47.7 47.4 48.0 48.3 48.8

On temporary layoff.............................. 10.9 13.6 10.1 11.3 11.8 11.9 12.3 11.6 10.6

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 39.0 37.5 40.0 37.4 36.0 35.5 35.7 36.7 38.2

Job leavers........................................... 9.8 10.2 10.9 9.7 10.3 9.9 9.7 10.5 10.8

Reentrants............................................ 30.9 30.2 29.2 31.3 31.1 31.9 31.6 31.4 29.8

New entrants......................................... 9.4 8.5 9.8 10.2 10.8 10.7 10.7 9.8 10.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5

New entrants......................................... 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,235 2,083 2,164 2,707 2,405 2,249 2,297 2,412 2,545

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,930 2,382 1,749 2,339 2,192 2,282 2,236 2,205 2,131

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,802 3,651 3,499 3,665 3,320 3,224 3,297 3,391 3,367

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,238 1,346 1,390 1,162 1,235 1,135 1,132 1,178 1,304

27 weeks and over............................... 2,564 2,305 2,109 2,503 2,085 2,089 2,165 2,213 2,063

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 32.8 29.1 29.8 30.5 27.6 28.9 29.0 28.4 27.7

Median duration, in weeks......................... 13.5 12.7 13.2 11.6 10.5 10.9 11.2 11.4 11.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 28.1 25.7 29.2 31.1 30.4 29.0 29.3 30.1 31.6

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 24.2 29.3 23.6 26.8 27.7 29.4 28.6 27.5 26.5

15 weeks and over.................................. 47.7 45.0 47.2 42.1 41.9 41.6 42.1 42.4 41.9

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 15.5 16.6 18.8 13.3 15.6 14.6 14.5 14.7 16.2

27 weeks and over............................... 32.2 28.4 28.5 28.7 26.3 26.9 27.7 27.6 25.7

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2016

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 148,587 151,075 7,966 7,413 5.1 4.7

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 57,953 59,690 1,435 1,251 2.4 2.1

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 23,960 24,868 633 604 2.6 2.4

Professional and related occupations.......................... 33,993 34,822 802 647 2.3 1.8

Service occupations................................................ 25,419 26,357 1,733 1,517 6.4 5.4

Sales and office occupations...................................... 34,129 33,347 1,852 1,753 5.1 5.0

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,875 15,788 920 871 5.5 5.2

Office and administrative support occupations............... 18,253 17,559 932 882 4.9 4.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,584 13,751 1,097 942 7.5 6.4

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,036 1,114 127 123 10.9 9.9

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,734 7,934 718 586 8.5 6.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,814 4,703 253 233 5.0 4.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,503 17,930 1,077 1,207 5.8 6.3

Production occupations.......................................... 8,505 8,927 494 554 5.5 5.8

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 8,998 9,003 584 653 6.1 6.8

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2016

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 7,966 7,413 5.1 4.7

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 6,078 5,735 5.0 4.6

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 83 86 8.7 9.5

Construction.......................................................................... 652 530 7.5 6.0

Manufacturing........................................................................ 609 702 4.0 4.5

Durable goods..................................................................... 381 403 3.9 4.1

Nondurable goods................................................................ 228 299 4.1 5.2

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,148 1,054 5.6 5.3

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 272 305 4.4 4.6

Information............................................................................ 84 131 3.2 4.8

Financial activities................................................................... 251 264 2.7 2.7

Professional and business services............................................... 838 846 5.3 5.2

Education and health services..................................................... 723 632 3.1 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,069 893 7.8 6.5

Other services........................................................................ 350 292 5.4 4.4

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 197 148 12.2 8.9

Government workers................................................................... 521 490 2.4 2.3

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 425 315 4.2 3.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2015

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Apr.

2016

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 5.1 5.1 4.7 5.4 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.9 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 6.4 6.1 5.7 6.7 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.0

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 10.4 9.9 9.3 10.8 9.9 9.9 9.7 9.8 9.7

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2016

Apr.

2015

Apr.

2016

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 93,712 94,481 37,473 37,890 56,238 56,592

Persons who currently want a job................................ 6,096 5,671 2,796 2,658 3,300 3,014

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 2,115 1,715 1,096 870 1,019 845

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 756 568 450 369 306 199

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,360 1,146 646 500 713 646

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,000 7,383 3,293 3,598 3,707 3,785

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.7 4.9 4.2 4.5 5.3 5.3

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,759 3,904 1,936 2,162 1,823 1,742

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,939 2,164 618 751 1,320 1,413

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 214 242 144 171 70 70

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,050 1,013 570 467 480 546

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Change

from:

Mar.2016 -

Apr.2016p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,286 141,992 142,887 143,944 141,223 143,547 143,755 143,915 160

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,883 119,644 120,398 121,449 119,252 121,483 121,667 121,838 171

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,391 19,169 19,282 19,494 19,569 19,682 19,682 19,679 -3

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834 718 704 695 844 732 720 712 -8

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.2 49.9 49.1 46.4 52.6 51.5 51.2 49.9 -1.3

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784.5 668.0 654.7 648.1 791.8 680.9 668.7 661.6 -7.1

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191.4 178.8 176.5 173.9 193.9 179.7 178.5 176.9 -1.6

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199.6 181.1 181.1 185.3 201.2 188.8 187.4 187.1 -0.3

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 57.2 56.3 55.9 67.5 57.8 57.0 56.6 -0.4

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.4 39.0 38.2 38.6 42.5 39.2 38.5 38.6 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.9 84.9 86.6 90.8 91.3 91.8 91.9 91.9 0.0

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.5 308.1 297.1 288.9 396.7 312.4 302.8 297.6 -5.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,296 6,213 6,349 6,558 6,409 6,628 6,669 6,670 1

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,378.2 1,392.6 1,414.4 1,441.9 1,411.6 1,457.9 1,466.4 1,474.6 8.2

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671.3 680.4 688.8 709.3 690.1 716.8 720.5 727.6 7.1

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706.9 712.2 725.6 732.6 721.5 741.1 745.9 747.0 1.1

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 917.3 835.5 870.8 935.9 930.8 940.7 950.9 948.7 -2.2

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000.0 3,985.0 4,064.1 4,180.6 4,066.4 4,229.5 4,251.8 4,246.4 -5.4

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,730.3 1,749.5 1,783.0 1,839.9 1,759.0 1,861.7 1,873.2 1,862.3 -10.9

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,269.7 2,235.5 2,281.1 2,340.7 2,307.4 2,367.8 2,378.6 2,384.1 5.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,261 12,238 12,229 12,241 12,316 12,322 12,293 12,297 4

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,745 7,686 7,679 7,688 7,765 7,728 7,704 7,710 6

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375.4 377.7 376.3 380.2 376.5 382.8 381.7 381.7 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.6 385.0 391.9 400.0 393.8 400.9 401.3 400.5 -0.8

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396.2 379.6 377.3 374.5 397.5 380.0 376.9 375.8 -1.1

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,467.1 1,431.2 1,428.2 1,430.6 1,471.1 1,438.6 1,433.7 1,435.0 1.3

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,126.7 1,095.5 1,090.3 1,087.4 1,129.2 1,096.3 1,091.0 1,089.8 -1.2

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,049.7 1,042.1 1,040.8 1,040.2 1,053.4 1,045.5 1,042.5 1,043.0 0.5

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 158.7 161.9 162.8 162.3 160.2 162.5 163.3 163.3 0.0

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.0 84.8 85.0 85.0 89.0 85.2 85.2 85.0 -0.2

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.9 364.5 362.4 362.5 369.2 365.1 363.1 363.6 0.5

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397.6 395.9 395.6 395.4 398.3 397.4 395.8 396.1 0.3

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.5 35.0 35.0 35.0 36.7 35.3 35.1 35.0 -0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 381.2 385.0 384.8 384.8 383.3 385.4 386.1 386.9 0.8

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,590.4 1,606.9 1,606.8 1,606.4 1,593.5 1,608.2 1,603.3 1,610.0 6.7

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900.2 922.5 924.3 924.0 903.9 924.2 922.7 928.8 6.1

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.2 386.7 388.0 388.3 378.2 391.2 389.7 389.3 -0.4

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587.4 596.2 594.5 595.9 588.6 599.5 597.8 597.5 -0.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,516 4,552 4,550 4,553 4,551 4,594 4,589 4,587 -2

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,477.6 1,497.0 1,495.1 1,496.9 1,501.8 1,518.9 1,518.6 1,520.3 1.7

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.2 114.4 114.0 113.8 116.9 114.7 114.0 113.6 -0.4

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.3 116.8 116.5 115.5 116.5 117.9 117.3 116.7 -0.6

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.4 134.5 133.4 132.8 136.3 134.3 133.6 133.7 0.1

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371.8 371.5 370.2 371.0 372.4 373.0 372.2 371.6 -0.6

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 450.2 443.9 444.6 444.2 450.8 446.0 445.6 445.4 -0.2

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.4 111.2 112.6 114.3 112.2 115.5 115.6 115.3 -0.3

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806.2 816.1 817.9 815.8 808.2 817.0 818.1 817.5 -0.6

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685.3 688.0 690.3 690.3 684.3 690.2 690.7 689.1 -1.6

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.0 258.3 255.4 258.0 251.7 266.3 262.8 264.2 1.4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,492 100,475 101,116 101,955 99,683 101,801 101,985 102,159 174

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,570 26,827 26,962 27,047 26,815 27,229 27,282 27,290 8

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,847.1 5,872.5 5,898.2 5,913.4 5,861.2 5,916.1 5,925.8 5,928.5 2.7

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,923.3 2,934.5 2,941.3 2,945.8 2,931.7 2,948.7 2,951.4 2,954.2 2.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,024.2 2,034.1 2,045.6 2,055.0 2,027.9 2,056.8 2,059.8 2,059.4 -0.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Change

from:

Mar.2016 -

Apr.2016p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899.6 903.9 911.3 912.6 901.6 910.6 914.6 914.9 0.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,405.5 15,588.4 15,684.5 15,748.1 15,577.8 15,879.3 15,918.3 15,915.2 -3.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,912.0 1,963.8 1,980.3 1,989.2 1,915.0 1,985.3 1,991.7 1,992.5 0.8

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,223.7 1,269.8 1,278.2 1,280.0 1,227.4 1,277.2 1,282.9 1,283.6 0.7

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.3 142.8 146.3 151.5 143.9 151.3 150.5 150.6 0.1

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 543.0 551.2 555.8 557.7 543.7 556.8 558.3 558.3 0.0

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 460.9 471.9 472.2 469.9 468.7 476.6 478.1 477.0 -1.1

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 508.3 529.0 523.0 519.3 521.5 531.7 531.4 532.7 1.3

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,280.0 1,221.9 1,278.2 1,330.7 1,235.5 1,270.3 1,282.9 1,280.5 -2.4

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,035.6 3,061.4 3,061.0 3,070.3 3,063.8 3,091.8 3,094.7 3,096.5 1.8

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,024.9 1,031.3 1,035.4 1,035.7 1,033.0 1,036.4 1,041.4 1,042.9 1.5

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896.1 904.0 908.2 916.5 902.0 919.9 921.3 922.3 1.0

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,297.1 1,341.0 1,333.5 1,328.4 1,350.2 1,392.4 1,387.4 1,383.4 -4.0

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609.1 616.2 616.2 609.9 627.7 630.8 632.4 628.4 -4.0

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,073.4 3,112.2 3,146.6 3,135.4 3,125.2 3,181.0 3,189.4 3,188.6 -0.8

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,298.4 1,288.5 1,289.2 1,285.5 1,335.8 1,320.7 1,322.9 1,322.4 -0.5

Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . 1,775.0 1,823.7 1,857.4 1,849.9 1,789.4 1,860.3 1,866.6 1,866.2 -0.4

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811.3 817.0 810.2 823.8 825.2 833.9 836.0 837.8 1.8

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.8 518.7 519.7 519.0 510.0 529.2 531.6 532.6 1.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,763.9 4,803.1 4,816.3 4,823.3 4,819.9 4,868.3 4,873.2 4,881.8 8.6

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452.8 459.9 462.3 466.2 454.3 463.7 464.7 467.1 2.4

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248.6 219.5 218.8 216.4 247.3 220.8 219.3 215.6 -3.7

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 59.1 60.2 61.3 66.5 61.0 61.8 62.1 0.3

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,429.2 1,432.8 1,433.8 1,443.5 1,449.3 1,465.0 1,462.5 1,463.2 0.7

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488.2 484.1 490.3 491.5 475.2 473.8 477.0 478.1 1.1

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.8 49.1 48.6 48.8 48.7 49.2 48.9 48.9 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 28.4 21.1 22.4 25.8 31.9 28.7 28.9 29.3 0.4

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 648.0 649.5 649.2 649.9 648.8 653.3 652.7 651.1 -1.6

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.5 592.7 594.0 579.7 598.1 608.0 610.9 613.4 2.5

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789.8 835.3 836.7 840.2 799.8 844.8 846.5 853.0 6.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.6 562.8 562.9 562.4 556.0 565.3 564.7 564.8 0.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,743 2,764 2,777 2,782 2,745 2,774 2,780 2,780 0

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 723.0 723.7 723.0 723.2 725.3 726.6 725.2 725.1 -0.1

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398.7 408.3 419.4 430.1 394.6 412.2 418.2 422.4 4.2

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280.0 279.9 281.2 280.2 280.3 280.6 281.1 280.4 -0.7

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.6 800.0 800.4 794.2 814.0 801.0 800.3 797.8 -2.5

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294.7 296.3 297.8 299.7 292.7 297.8 298.5 297.9 -0.6

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236.3 255.6 255.6 254.4 237.9 255.8 256.5 256.1 -0.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,049 8,158 8,182 8,209 8,089 8,215 8,229 8,249 20

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,990.2 6,088.9 6,104.3 6,109.2 6,014.0 6,103.3 6,118.4 6,132.8 14.4

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 17.6 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.9 18.0 18.0 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,553.1 2,574.8 2,582.2 2,586.2 2,566.3 2,582.8 2,590.5 2,598.4 7.9

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,677.7 1,675.6 1,681.4 1,680.9 1,681.6 1,678.2 1,684.1 1,684.4 0.3

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,273.6 1,261.8 1,266.2 1,265.2 1,276.3 1,263.1 1,267.0 1,267.5 0.5

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 583.8 600.4 601.0 602.1 591.3 604.3 604.9 609.6 4.7

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 291.6 298.8 299.8 303.2 293.5 300.4 301.5 304.3 2.8

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 896.6 916.4 918.8 918.3 899.9 918.7 921.2 922.2 1.0

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,522.9 2,579.9 2,585.5 2,586.9 2,530.0 2,583.9 2,588.7 2,594.2 5.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,058.8 2,068.9 2,077.4 2,099.4 2,075.0 2,111.2 2,110.5 2,115.7 5.2

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,501.8 1,518.9 1,526.5 1,537.0 1,509.8 1,543.0 1,545.1 1,545.7 0.6

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533.7 526.8 527.7 539.3 541.6 544.6 541.9 546.5 4.6

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.3 23.2 23.2 23.1 23.6 23.6 23.5 23.5 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Change

from:

Mar.2016 -

Apr.2016p

Private service-providing - Continued

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,491 19,724 19,829 20,090 19,505 20,014 20,051 20,116 65

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,629.5 8,867.1 8,864.4 8,919.7 8,554.0 8,806.2 8,814.0 8,845.1 31.1

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,114.7 1,116.6 1,120.5 1,117.8 1,119.2 1,123.1 1,124.0 1,122.5 -1.5

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,068.5 1,135.6 1,126.0 1,108.2 969.2 1,008.7 1,010.2 1,011.1 0.9

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,393.3 1,413.8 1,413.1 1,419.7 1,401.3 1,433.4 1,431.5 1,428.5 -3.0

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.1 137.2 137.2 140.0 132.2 139.1 138.7 140.2 1.5

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,888.2 1,958.0 1,951.5 1,975.0 1,887.8 1,963.7 1,968.0 1,975.3 7.3

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,255.4 1,298.9 1,299.4 1,329.3 1,262.3 1,311.2 1,313.5 1,334.1 20.6

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652.4 656.5 661.1 662.9 652.9 661.8 663.0 663.5 0.5

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 477.0 489.9 488.7 493.7 478.9 492.9 491.7 495.3 3.6

Other professional and technical services. . . 647.9 660.6 666.9 673.1 650.2 672.3 673.4 674.5 1.1

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,188.2 2,246.1 2,251.9 2,249.8 2,200.1 2,257.2 2,259.2 2,262.0 2.8

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,673.1 8,611.0 8,713.0 8,920.7 8,751.1 8,950.2 8,978.0 9,008.8 30.8

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,282.2 8,217.8 8,315.8 8,517.1 8,355.6 8,547.4 8,572.3 8,601.3 29.0

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 467.6 482.1 483.5 484.6 468.0 484.3 485.1 484.9 -0.2

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.5 143.7 146.7 144.9 138.8 143.7 146.0 144.3 -1.7

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,438.7 3,425.2 3,461.6 3,523.2 3,500.4 3,576.2 3,581.8 3,597.3 15.5

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,798.3 2,766.7 2,803.5 2,852.8 2,851.5 2,898.1 2,907.4 2,916.7 9.3

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891.2 903.9 904.9 905.2 895.4 902.0 905.7 908.4 2.7

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200.3 198.8 202.2 203.6 200.2 202.7 203.3 203.7 0.4

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 858.2 880.0 881.5 887.0 866.7 888.1 888.2 894.5 6.3

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,984.8 1,869.0 1,917.8 2,050.8 1,984.1 2,032.8 2,044.4 2,050.0 5.6

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.9 315.1 317.6 317.8 302.0 317.5 317.8 318.1 0.3

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390.9 393.2 397.2 403.6 395.5 402.8 405.7 407.5 1.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,091 22,581 22,671 22,767 21,905 22,481 22,524 22,578 54

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,630.0 3,646.0 3,676.2 3,712.5 3,454.3 3,505.3 3,513.7 3,529.6 15.9

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,461.0 18,935.3 18,994.4 19,054.7 18,450.5 18,976.1 19,010.1 19,048.3 38.2

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,940.0 15,337.6 15,383.0 15,441.8 14,962.4 15,387.3 15,420.2 15,464.4 44.2

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 6,800.2 7,011.4 7,039.4 7,073.9 6,807.6 7,036.1 7,059.1 7,078.4 19.3

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,511.5 2,577.0 2,585.2 2,585.9 2,515.9 2,581.9 2,588.0 2,590.0 2.0

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901.3 925.8 923.6 929.1 904.4 928.5 929.4 931.2 1.8

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 805.1 835.8 840.0 848.7 804.1 838.4 842.2 846.2 4.0

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738.2 762.0 765.2 773.8 738.2 764.8 767.1 773.5 6.4

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 255.8 256.5 258.9 260.6 255.6 257.2 259.1 260.3 1.2

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,302.6 1,363.8 1,374.1 1,382.8 1,303.4 1,372.4 1,379.8 1,383.3 3.5

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.7 290.5 292.4 293.0 286.2 293.1 293.5 293.9 0.4

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,863.9 5,025.4 5,036.6 5,057.0 4,871.0 5,033.3 5,042.5 5,065.4 22.9

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,275.9 3,300.8 3,307.0 3,310.9 3,283.8 3,317.9 3,318.6 3,320.6 2.0

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,644.3 1,644.4 1,645.6 1,649.6 1,647.9 1,654.1 1,652.0 1,653.8 1.8

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 604.2 610.0 612.5 609.5 606.3 612.8 613.9 612.3 -1.6

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864.7 885.3 886.7 889.0 866.3 888.0 889.4 891.4 2.0

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 162.7 161.1 162.2 162.8 163.3 163.1 163.3 163.2 -0.1

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,521.0 3,597.7 3,611.4 3,612.9 3,488.1 3,588.8 3,589.9 3,583.9 -6.0

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,136.7 2,198.0 2,202.3 2,201.2 2,122.8 2,198.2 2,197.6 2,192.1 -5.5

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 154.6 156.5 158.2 156.6 154.7 157.5 158.3 156.7 -1.6

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 334.6 332.7 333.0 336.3 338.2 337.5 337.4 339.1 1.7

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895.1 910.5 917.9 918.8 872.4 895.5 896.7 896.0 -0.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,938 14,795 15,040 15,376 15,010 15,413 15,437 15,459 22

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,089.8 1,987.3 2,063.4 2,170.1 2,143.7 2,208.4 2,222.2 2,226.0 3.8

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 456.7 433.2 453.0 486.4 447.3 469.6 472.2 475.7 3.5

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.0 138.9 145.6 153.0 150.8 151.0 153.3 154.5 1.2

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,484.1 1,415.2 1,464.8 1,530.7 1,545.6 1,587.8 1,596.7 1,595.8 -0.9

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,848.4 12,807.3 12,976.3 13,205.6 12,866.0 13,204.3 13,214.5 13,232.8 18.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Change

from:

Mar.2016 -

Apr.2016p

Accommodation and food services -

Continued

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,866.1 1,846.1 1,860.5 1,878.2 1,909.2 1,929.1 1,924.4 1,924.5 0.1

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 10,982.3 10,961.2 11,115.8 11,327.4 10,956.8 11,275.2 11,290.1 11,308.3 18.2

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,610 5,626 5,655 5,684 5,614 5,675 5,682 5,687 5

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,273.7 1,286.8 1,289.5 1,294.0 1,269.3 1,293.6 1,291.4 1,290.6 -0.8

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,399.3 1,402.1 1,415.8 1,431.2 1,397.3 1,420.6 1,425.1 1,428.8 3.7

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,937.3 2,936.7 2,949.7 2,959.0 2,947.6 2,960.4 2,965.7 2,967.2 1.5

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,403 22,348 22,489 22,495 21,971 22,064 22,088 22,077 -11

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,757.0 2,752.0 2,757.0 2,760.0 2,750.0 2,765.0 2,766.0 2,757.0 -9.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,151.1 2,150.4 2,152.2 2,158.2 2,153.8 2,163.3 2,162.1 2,161.2 -0.9

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606.2 602.0 604.5 602.0 595.9 601.3 603.8 595.9 -7.9

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,260.0 5,234.0 5,268.0 5,272.0 5,096.0 5,108.0 5,112.0 5,110.0 -2.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,588.0 2,576.0 2,599.2 2,603.1 2,421.6 2,436.6 2,437.4 2,438.0 0.6

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,671.8 2,657.8 2,668.4 2,668.7 2,674.1 2,671.0 2,674.6 2,671.7 -2.9

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,386.0 14,362.0 14,464.0 14,463.0 14,125.0 14,191.0 14,210.0 14,210.0 0.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,159.0 8,110.1 8,174.7 8,143.9 7,816.7 7,812.0 7,819.0 7,810.5 -8.5

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,226.9 6,251.7 6,289.1 6,319.0 6,308.4 6,378.8 6,391.2 6,399.3 8.1

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.4 34.4 34.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.3 40.2 40.1 40.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.1 43.2 42.6 43.2

Construction....................................................................... 38.9 38.9 38.7 39.1

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 40.7 40.7 40.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.1 41.2 41.1 41.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.1 39.9 39.8 39.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.5 34.5 34.4 34.4

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 38.9 38.8 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.3 31.2 31.1 31.1

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.9 38.9 38.8 38.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.7 41.5 42.0 42.4

Information......................................................................... 36.3 35.9 35.9 35.8

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.6 37.6 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.0 36.1 36.0 36.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.8 32.8 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.2 26.2 26.1 26.2

Other services..................................................................... 31.7 31.9 31.8 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Total private............................................... $24.91 $25.39 $25.45 $25.53 $859.40 $873.42 $875.48 $880.79

Goods-producing....................................... 26.09 26.55 26.64 26.79 1,051.43 1,067.31 1,068.26 1,079.64

Mining and logging.................................. 30.90 31.51 31.73 32.02 1,362.69 1,361.23 1,351.70 1,383.26

Construction.......................................... 27.28 27.72 27.83 27.90 1,061.19 1,078.31 1,077.02 1,090.89

Manufacturing........................................ 25.14 25.63 25.72 25.90 1,023.20 1,043.14 1,046.80 1,054.13

Durable goods.................................... 26.45 26.96 27.03 27.20 1,087.10 1,110.75 1,110.93 1,120.64

Nondurable goods................................ 22.85 23.32 23.44 23.63 916.29 930.47 932.91 942.84

Private service-providing.............................. 24.63 25.11 25.18 25.24 820.18 836.16 838.49 840.49

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 21.71 22.10 22.22 22.24 749.00 762.45 764.37 765.06

Wholesale trade.................................. 28.49 29.09 29.29 29.36 1,105.41 1,131.60 1,136.45 1,142.10

Retail trade........................................ 17.35 17.73 17.79 17.75 543.06 553.18 553.27 552.03

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.89 23.09 23.08 23.10 890.42 898.20 895.50 896.28

Utilities............................................. 36.96 37.90 39.41 39.79 1,578.19 1,572.85 1,655.22 1,687.10

Information........................................... 34.74 36.17 36.07 36.26 1,261.06 1,298.50 1,294.91 1,298.11

Financial activities................................... 31.37 32.02 32.15 32.21 1,179.51 1,203.95 1,208.84 1,211.10

Professional and business services.............. 29.97 30.50 30.55 30.61 1,078.92 1,101.05 1,099.80 1,108.08

Education and health services..................... 25.14 25.60 25.59 25.67 824.59 839.68 841.91 844.54

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.28 14.63 14.69 14.75 374.14 383.31 383.41 386.45

Other services....................................... 22.34 22.79 22.76 22.80 708.18 727.00 723.77 727.32

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2016 -

Apr.

2016p

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2016 -

Apr.

2016p

Total private..................................... 103.3 104.9 105.1 105.5 0.4 123.0 127.3 127.8 128.8 0.8

Goods-producing............................. 89.8 90.1 89.9 90.4 0.6 105.9 108.2 108.3 109.4 1.0

Mining and logging........................ 117.0 99.4 96.4 96.7 0.3 145.1 125.7 122.8 124.3 1.2

Construction................................ 85.9 88.9 89.0 89.9 1.0 101.9 107.0 107.6 109.0 1.3

Manufacturing.............................. 90.2 90.2 90.0 90.0 0.0 105.4 107.5 107.7 108.5 0.7

Durable goods........................... 89.9 89.6 89.1 89.4 0.3 105.5 107.3 107.0 108.0 0.9

Nondurable goods...................... 91.1 91.5 91.1 91.3 0.2 105.6 108.2 108.4 109.5 1.0

Private service-providing.................... 106.8 109.1 109.3 109.4 0.1 127.8 133.1 133.7 134.2 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 100.6 102.2 102.1 102.1 0.0 117.6 121.5 122.1 122.2 0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 99.2 100.4 100.3 100.6 0.3 118.0 121.9 122.6 123.3 0.6

Retail trade.............................. 99.0 100.6 100.6 100.5 -0.1 113.6 118.0 118.3 118.0 -0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 107.3 108.4 108.2 108.4 0.2 124.7 127.0 126.7 127.1 0.3

Utilities.................................... 102.7 101.5 102.6 103.6 1.0 125.4 127.1 133.6 136.2 1.9

Information................................. 91.0 90.9 91.1 90.9 -0.2 112.6 117.1 117.1 117.3 0.2

Financial activities......................... 99.6 101.2 101.3 101.6 0.3 121.9 126.3 127.1 127.6 0.4

Professional and business services..... 110.4 113.6 113.5 114.5 0.9 134.1 140.4 140.5 142.0 1.1

Education and health services........... 117.3 120.4 121.0 121.3 0.2 141.8 148.2 148.9 149.7 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 112.2 115.2 115.0 115.6 0.5 129.3 136.0 136.2 137.5 1.0

Other services............................. 102.6 104.4 104.2 104.6 0.4 125.6 130.4 130.0 130.7 0.5

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Total nonfarm............................................. 69,649 71,009 71,144 71,283 49.3 49.5 49.5 49.5

Total private............................................ 57,084 58,381 58,501 58,644 47.9 48.1 48.1 48.1

Goods-producing.................................... 4,278 4,296 4,297 4,304 21.9 21.8 21.8 21.9

Mining and logging............................... 116 105 104 103 13.7 14.3 14.4 14.5

Construction....................................... 809 826 832 836 12.6 12.5 12.5 12.5

Manufacturing..................................... 3,353 3,365 3,361 3,365 27.2 27.3 27.3 27.4

Durable goods.................................. 1,801 1,802 1,800 1,804 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.4

Nondurable goods............................. 1,552 1,563 1,561 1,561 34.1 34.0 34.0 34.0

Private service-providing........................... 52,806 54,085 54,204 54,340 53.0 53.1 53.1 53.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,854 11,053 11,082 11,109 40.5 40.6 40.6 40.7

Wholesale trade................................ 1,729.9 1,744.4 1,748.1 1,753.6 29.5 29.5 29.5 29.6

Retail trade..................................... 7,844.0 8,016.8 8,043.5 8,061.6 50.4 50.5 50.5 50.7

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,146.5 1,157.0 1,156.4 1,160.0 23.8 23.8 23.7 23.8

Utilities........................................... 133.6 134.7 134.3 133.5 24.0 23.8 23.8 23.6

Information......................................... 1,099 1,109 1,110 1,109 40.0 40.0 39.9 39.9

Financial activities................................ 4,621 4,691 4,701 4,704 57.1 57.1 57.1 57.0

Professional and business services............ 8,670 8,970 8,997 9,058 44.5 44.8 44.9 45.0

Education and health services.................. 16,850 17,309 17,344 17,367 76.9 77.0 77.0 76.9

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,784 7,988 7,999 8,018 51.9 51.8 51.8 51.9

Other services..................................... 2,928 2,965 2,971 2,975 52.2 52.2 52.3 52.3

Government............................................. 12,565 12,628 12,643 12,639 57.2 57.2 57.2 57.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Total private............................................................................... 98,313 100,075 100,212 100,356

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,100 14,191 14,183 14,186

Mining and logging.................................................................. 618 526 511 503

Construction.......................................................................... 4,823 5,000 5,027 5,046

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,659 8,665 8,645 8,637

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,342 5,320 5,308 5,304

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,317 3,345 3,337 3,333

Private service-providing.............................................................. 84,213 85,884 86,029 86,170

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,581 22,892 22,944 22,935

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,713.0 4,739.9 4,741.1 4,740.9

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,253.1 13,487.8 13,534.7 13,520.6

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,167.8 4,211.4 4,216.3 4,220.5

Utilities.............................................................................. 447.4 452.5 452.1 452.6

Information............................................................................ 2,220 2,242 2,247 2,246

Financial activities................................................................... 6,247 6,360 6,376 6,392

Professional and business services............................................... 16,032 16,405 16,414 16,472

Education and health services..................................................... 19,223 19,723 19,754 19,805

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,240 13,547 13,581 13,604

Other services........................................................................ 4,670 4,715 4,713 4,716

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.7 33.7 33.6 33.7

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.2 41.2 40.9 41.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.8 44.7 44.3 44.7

Construction....................................................................... 39.6 39.9 39.2 39.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.8 41.8 41.7 41.9

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.0 42.2 42.1 42.3

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.4 41.1 41.1 41.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.6 33.6 33.5 33.5

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.6 38.6 38.5 38.6

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.0 29.9 29.7 29.8

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.6 38.9 38.9 38.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.4 41.7 42.1 42.2

Information......................................................................... 35.8 35.5 35.4 35.4

Financial activities................................................................ 37.0 37.1 37.1 37.0

Professional and business services............................................ 35.2 35.4 35.5 35.5

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.0 24.9 24.9 25.0

Other services..................................................................... 30.6 30.7 30.7 30.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.6

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Total private............................................... $20.93 $21.35 $21.40 $21.45 $705.34 $719.50 $719.04 $722.87

Goods-producing....................................... 21.88 22.25 22.35 22.46 901.46 916.70 914.12 925.35

Mining and logging.................................. 26.35 26.83 26.76 27.13 1,206.83 1,199.30 1,185.47 1,212.71

Construction.......................................... 25.14 25.41 25.65 25.65 995.54 1,013.86 1,005.48 1,018.31

Manufacturing........................................ 19.81 20.21 20.28 20.40 828.06 844.78 845.68 854.76

Durable goods.................................... 20.88 21.28 21.33 21.46 876.96 898.02 897.99 907.76

Nondurable goods................................ 18.06 18.47 18.55 18.65 747.68 759.12 762.41 768.38

Private service-providing.............................. 20.73 21.16 21.20 21.24 671.65 685.58 686.88 688.18

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 18.57 18.86 18.93 18.92 623.95 633.70 634.16 633.82

Wholesale trade.................................. 23.54 23.96 24.05 24.07 908.64 924.86 925.93 929.10

Retail trade........................................ 14.69 14.96 15.03 15.00 440.70 447.30 446.39 447.00

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.75 20.95 20.96 20.93 800.95 814.96 815.34 812.08

Utilities............................................. 33.86 34.63 34.62 35.08 1,435.66 1,444.07 1,457.50 1,480.38

Information........................................... 28.90 29.76 29.69 29.84 1,034.62 1,056.48 1,051.03 1,056.34

Financial activities................................... 25.19 25.92 26.05 26.23 932.03 961.63 966.46 970.51

Professional and business services.............. 24.64 25.13 25.17 25.22 867.33 889.60 893.54 895.31

Education and health services..................... 22.00 22.42 22.39 22.45 708.40 721.92 720.96 722.89

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 12.37 12.68 12.73 12.78 309.25 315.73 316.98 319.50

Other services....................................... 18.90 19.20 19.15 19.19 578.34 589.44 587.91 592.97

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2016 -

Apr.

2016p

Apr.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016p

Apr.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2016 -

Apr.

2016p

Total private..................................... 110.4 112.4 112.2 112.7 0.4 154.4 160.3 160.4 161.5 0.7

Goods-producing............................. 88.8 89.3 88.6 89.3 0.8 118.9 121.7 121.3 122.8 1.2

Mining and logging........................ 150.4 124.9 120.3 119.5 -0.7 230.5 195.0 187.2 188.5 0.7

Construction................................ 95.6 99.9 98.7 100.3 1.6 129.8 137.1 136.7 138.9 1.6

Manufacturing.............................. 83.1 83.1 82.8 83.1 0.4 107.6 109.9 109.8 110.8 0.9

Durable goods........................... 84.3 84.4 84.0 84.3 0.4 109.9 112.1 111.8 112.9 1.0

Nondurable goods...................... 80.9 81.0 80.8 80.9 0.1 103.3 105.7 105.9 106.6 0.7

Private service-providing.................... 116.2 118.5 118.7 118.9 0.2 165.2 172.0 172.6 173.2 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 105.8 107.2 107.2 107.1 -0.1 140.1 144.3 144.7 144.6 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 107.1 107.7 107.5 107.8 0.3 148.6 152.1 152.3 152.8 0.3

Retail trade.............................. 100.6 102.1 101.8 102.0 0.2 126.7 130.9 131.1 131.1 0.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 121.1 123.3 123.5 123.3 -0.2 159.4 163.9 164.2 163.7 -0.3

Utilities.................................... 97.0 96.5 97.3 97.7 0.4 137.1 139.5 140.7 143.0 1.6

Information................................. 90.7 90.8 90.8 90.7 -0.1 129.8 133.8 133.4 134.1 0.5

Financial activities......................... 108.8 111.1 111.4 111.3 -0.1 168.6 177.1 178.5 179.7 0.7

Professional and business services..... 126.5 130.2 130.6 131.1 0.4 185.4 194.6 195.6 196.7 0.6

Education and health services........... 131.9 135.4 135.6 135.9 0.2 191.6 200.3 200.4 201.4 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 121.2 123.6 123.9 124.6 0.6 170.3 177.9 179.1 180.8 0.9

Other services............................. 100.2 101.5 101.5 102.2 0.7 138.0 142.0 141.6 142.9 0.9

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.