For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Monday, August 10, 2020 USDL-20-1550

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JUNE 2020

The number of job openings increased to 5.9 million on the last business day of June, the U.S. Bureau of 

Labor Statistics reported today. Hires decreased to 6.7 million in June, but was still the second highest 

level in the series history. The largest monthly increase in hires occurred in May 2020. Total separations 

increased to 4.8 million. Within separations, the quits rate rose to 1.9 percent while the layoffs and 

discharges rate was unchanged at 1.4 percent. These changes in the labor market reflected a limited 

resumption of economic activity that had been curtailed in March and April due to the coronavirus 

(COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain it. This release includes estimates of the number and rate 

of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, and by four geographic 

regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of June, the number of job openings increased to 5.9 million (+518,000) while

the rate was little changed at 4.1 percent. Job openings rose in a number of industries with the largest 

increases in accommodation and food services (+198,000), other services (+69,000), and arts, 

entertainment, and recreation (+34,000). Job openings decreased in construction (-70,000) and in state 

and local government education (-26,000). The number of job openings increased in the Northeast and 

Midwest regions. (See table 1.)

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on June 2020 JOLTS Data

Data collection for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey was affected by the coronavirus 

(COVID-19) pandemic. More information is available at the end of this news release and 

www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-june-2020.htm
- 2 -

Hires

In June, the number of hires decreased to 6.7 million (-503,000), the second highest level in series 

history, the series high occurred in May 2020. The June hires rate decreased to 4.9 percent. Hires 

decreased in a number of industries, with the largest fall in other services (-326,000), followed by health 

care and social assistance (-282,000), and construction (-181,000). Hires increased in professional and 

business services (+255,000), accommodation and food services (+78,000), and state and local 

government, excluding education (+30,000). The number of hires decreased in the West region. (See 

table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In June, the number and rate of total separations increased to 4.8 million (+522,000) and 3.5 percent, 

respectively. A year ago, total separations levels and rates were higher at 5.6 million and 3.7 percent in

June 2019. Total separations increased in many industries in June 2020 with the largest increases in

accommodation and food services (+175,000), retail trade (+103,000), and durable goods manufacturing 

(+58,000). The number of total separations decreased in state and local government education (-59,000)

and federal government (-12,000). Total separations increased in the Northeast and West regions. (See 

table 3.)

In June, the number and rate of quits increased to 2.6 million (+531,000) and 1.9 percent, respectively. 

Quits increased in a number of industries with the largest increases in health care and social assistance 

(+106,000), accommodation and food services (+104,000), and retail trade (+99,000). Quits decreased in 

state and local government education (-40,000). The number of quits increased in all four regions. (See 

table 4.)

The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed at 1.9 million and the rate was unchanged at 

1.4 percent in June. The rate, which had reached a series high of 7.6 percent in March, declined to 1.4

percent in May, and remains near its pre-pandemic rate of 1.2 percent in February. In June, the layoffs 

and discharges level decreased in health care and social assistance (-71,000), state and local government,

excluding education (-24,000), and federal government (-10,000). Layoffs and discharges increased in 

accommodation and food services (+70,000) and durable goods manufacturing (+38,000). The number 

of layoffs and discharges was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in June. Other separations increased in retail trade 

(+23,000) and arts, entertainment, and recreation (+3,000). Other separations decreased in state and 

local government education (-11,000) and educational services (-4,000). Other separations was little 

changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
- 3 -

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in June, hires totaled 70.2 million and separations totaled 79.1 million, 

yielding a net employment loss of 8.9 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 

and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for July 2020 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, September 9, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on June 2020 Job Openings and Labor Turnover 

Survey Data 

Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While 

42 percent of data are usually collected by phone at the JOLTS data collection center, most phone 

respondents were asked to report electronically. However, data collection was adversely impacted due 

to the inability to reach some respondents that normally respond by phone. The JOLTS response rate 

for June was 47 percent, while response rates prior to the pandemic averaged 54 percent.

BLS modified the JOLTS estimation methods starting in March and continuing through June to better 

reflect the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The estimation process usually includes 

an alignment of monthly hires minus separations to the over-the-month change in the Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) employment estimates. For June estimates, as in earlier months, BLS 

suspended the alignment process because the differing reference periods for the CES employment 

estimates (pay period including the 12th of the month) and the JOLTS hires and separations estimates 

(the entire reference month) led to substantially different measurement outcomes. More information 

about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including information about the 

JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-laborturnover-covid19-june-2020.htm.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 7,185 5,371 5,889 5,760 7,199 6,696 5,568 4,236 4,758

Total private....................................... 6,497 4,736 5,246 5,420 6,952 6,438 5,227 3,935 4,523

Mining and logging1............................ 29 10 17 21 16 11 24 31 27

Construction1................................... 325 315 245 423 679 498 415 292 316

Manufacturing.................................. 486 306 336 326 523 441 324 285 386

Durable goods1.............................. 299 166 177 185 286 268 179 180 238

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 187 141 158 142 236 173 146 105 148

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,342 997 1,075 1,176 1,341 1,356 1,125 936 1,055

Wholesale trade............................. 206 153 181 151 187 161 148 166 174

Retail trade................................... 813 670 674 787 886 922 765 530 633

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 323 174 220 237 268 273 211 240 249

Information1

..................................... 120 78 93 88 66 57 80 56 59

Financial activities.............................. 382 264 297 223 201 190 221 160 172

Finance and insurance..................... 269 215 236 130 113 137 125 104 118

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 113 49 61 93 88 53 96 57 54

Professional and business services......... 1,290 976 1,012 1,123 938 1,193 1,075 875 910

Education and health services............... 1,303 975 1,054 679 1,093 820 618 538 579

Educational services1

....................... 120 78 86 94 98 108 86 58 54

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,183 896 967 585 995 713 533 480 526

Leisure and hospitality........................ 959 622 855 1,131 1,513 1,616 1,117 640 838

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 110 101 135 138 145 170 143 105 129

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 849 521 719 992 1,368 1,446 975 534 709

Other services.................................. 260 194 263 230 582 256 227 121 180

Government....................................... 688 635 643 340 247 258 341 302 235

Federal1

......................................... 116 70 98 35 50 37 33 53 41

State and local................................. 572 564 544 305 197 221 308 248 194

State and local education.................. 217 209 183 162 128 122 168 128 69

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 355 355 361 143 69 99 140 120 125

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.5 3.9 4.1 3.8 5.4 4.9 3.7 3.2 3.5

Total private....................................... 4.8 4.1 4.3 4.2 6.2 5.5 4.1 3.5 3.9

Mining and logging1

............................ 3.7 1.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 1.8 3.2 4.9 4.4

Construction1

................................... 4.2 4.3 3.3 5.6 9.7 6.9 5.5 4.2 4.4

Manufacturing.................................. 3.7 2.5 2.7 2.5 4.5 3.6 2.5 2.4 3.2

Durable goods1

.............................. 3.6 2.2 2.3 2.3 3.9 3.5 2.2 2.5 3.1

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.8 3.1 3.4 3.0 5.3 3.8 3.1 2.4 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 4.6 3.9 4.0 4.2 5.4 5.3 4.1 3.8 4.1

Wholesale trade............................. 3.4 2.7 3.1 2.6 3.4 2.9 2.5 3.0 3.1

Retail trade................................... 5.0 4.7 4.5 5.0 6.5 6.4 4.9 3.9 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 5.0 3.0 3.7 3.8 4.8 4.8 3.4 4.3 4.3

Information1

..................................... 4.0 2.9 3.5 3.1 2.5 2.2 2.8 2.2 2.3

Financial activities.............................. 4.2 3.0 3.3 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.5 1.9 2.0

Finance and insurance..................... 4.0 3.2 3.5 2.0 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 4.6 2.2 2.7 4.0 4.1 2.5 4.1 2.7 2.5

Professional and business services......... 5.7 4.8 4.9 5.3 4.8 6.0 5.0 4.5 4.6

Education and health services............... 5.1 4.2 4.4 2.8 4.9 3.6 2.6 2.4 2.5

Educational services1

....................... 3.1 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.9 3.1 2.3 1.7 1.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 5.5 4.5 4.8 2.9 5.3 3.7 2.6 2.5 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................ 5.5 5.9 6.6 6.8 15.2 13.4 6.8 6.4 7.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 4.4 7.8 8.0 5.7 12.1 10.8 5.9 8.8 8.2

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 5.7 5.6 6.4 7.0 15.6 13.8 6.9 6.1 6.8

Other services.................................. 4.2 3.9 4.8 3.9 12.0 4.9 3.8 2.5 3.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

Government....................................... 3.0 2.9 2.9 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.1

Federal1

......................................... 3.9 2.4 3.3 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.9 1.4

State and local................................. 2.8 3.0 2.9 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.1

State and local education.................. 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 0.7

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.7 3.9 4.0 1.5 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.4

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance 

with the North American Industry Classification 

System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

 A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can 

be full-time or part-time, and it can be 

permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 

 The job could start within 30 days, whether 

or not the employer can find a suitable 

candidate during that time. 

 The employer is actively recruiting workers 

from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Active recruiting means that the 

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting Internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future, 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work, and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Excluded from separations are

transfers within the same location; employees on 

strike; employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 

establishments. The sample is stratified by 

ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment 

size class. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled 

by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program which includes all employers 

subject to state unemployment insurance laws and 

federal agencies subject to the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio 

adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment 

is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data

elements.

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. 

Also within the first year, new businesses may go out 

of business, referred to as a death. Because not all 

births and deaths of establishments can be reflected 

on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS 

sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and 

separations from them during their early existence. 

BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses 

establishment birth and death activity from previous 

years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations.

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and nonsampling 

errors between the two surveys historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust

again.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA 

for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new 

seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each

month, using all relevant data up to and including 

current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally 

adjusted CES employment trends are applied to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trends (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the 

seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates. The JOLTS estimates are 

revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES 

employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal 

adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels 

are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and 

the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data 

elements. The seasonally adjusted data are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to 

reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. These 

annual updates result in revisions to both the 

seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 

JOLTS data series, for the period since the last 

benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual 

level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 
annual average employment level, and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates 

are published only for not seasonally adjusted data 

and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job 

openings because job openings are a stock, or pointin-time, measurement for the last business day of 

each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs 

when a sample is surveyed rather than the entire 

population. There is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the true population values 

they represent. The difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected.

This variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 

the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that 

there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no 

more than 1.6 standard errors from the true

population value because of sampling error. 

Sampling error estimates are available at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons including: the failure to include a 

segment of the population; the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample; the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data; and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available 

to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 

877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020p

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020p

Total............................................... 7,185 7,004 6,011 4,996 5,371 5,889 4.5 4.4 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,497 6,236 5,284 4,332 4,736 5,246 4.8 4.6 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.3

Mining and logging3

....................... 29 26 12 10 10 17 3.7 3.4 1.7 1.5 1.5 2.7

Construction3............................... 325 296 240 247 315 245 4.2 3.7 3.1 3.6 4.3 3.3

Manufacturing.............................. 486 422 310 315 306 336 3.7 3.2 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.7

Durable goods3

.......................... 299 269 178 170 166 177 3.6 3.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3

Nondurable goods3

...................... 187 153 132 146 141 158 3.8 3.1 2.7 3.2 3.1 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,342 1,168 1,069 883 997 1,075 4.6 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.9 4.0

Wholesale trade......................... 206 183 156 145 153 181 3.4 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.7 3.1

Retail trade............................... 813 715 626 521 670 674 5.0 4.4 3.9 3.8 4.7 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 323 270 286 217 174 220 5.0 4.2 4.4 3.7 3.0 3.7

Information3................................. 120 132 119 132 78 93 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.8 2.9 3.5

Financial activities......................... 382 400 336 251 264 297 4.2 4.3 3.7 2.9 3.0 3.3

Finance and insurance................. 269 306 262 185 215 236 4.0 4.5 3.9 2.8 3.2 3.5

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 113 94 75 66 49 61 4.6 3.8 3.1 3.0 2.2 2.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,290 1,357 1,192 982 976 1,012 5.7 5.9 5.3 4.9 4.8 4.9

Education and health services........... 1,303 1,252 1,193 1,051 975 1,054 5.1 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.4

Educational services3................... 120 121 106 102 78 86 3.1 3.1 2.7 3.0 2.3 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,183 1,131 1,087 949 896 967 5.5 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.5 4.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 959 950 664 314 622 855 5.5 5.3 3.9 3.5 5.9 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 110 135 130 41 101 135 4.4 5.2 5.1 3.4 7.8 8.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 849 815 534 273 521 719 5.7 5.4 3.7 3.5 5.6 6.4

Other services.............................. 260 232 147 147 194 263 4.2 3.8 2.4 3.1 3.9 4.8

Government................................... 688 769 727 664 635 643 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9

Federal3

..................................... 116 119 131 114 70 98 3.9 4.0 4.3 3.8 2.4 3.3

State and local............................. 572 649 596 550 564 544 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9

State and local education.............. 217 252 215 194 209 183 2.0 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.9

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 355 397 381 356 355 361 3.7 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.0

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 1,215 1,237 1,102 972 948 1,088 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.7 4.1

South........................................... 2,590 2,589 2,251 1,856 2,049 2,184 4.5 4.4 3.9 3.7 4.0 4.1

Midwest........................................ 1,664 1,556 1,286 1,067 1,123 1,296 4.8 4.5 3.8 3.6 3.7 4.1

West............................................ 1,716 1,621 1,373 1,101 1,251 1,320 4.7 4.4 3.7 3.5 3.9 4.0

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020p

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020p

Total............................................... 5,760 5,864 5,111 4,047 7,199 6,696 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.1 5.4 4.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,420 5,489 4,744 3,812 6,952 6,438 4.2 4.2 3.7 3.5 6.2 5.5

Mining and logging......................... 21 25 19 13 16 11 2.8 3.4 2.7 2.1 2.6 1.8

Construction................................ 423 390 389 246 679 498 5.6 5.1 5.1 3.7 9.7 6.9

Manufacturing.............................. 326 334 299 326 523 441 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.8 4.5 3.6

Durable goods........................... 185 196 159 161 286 268 2.3 2.4 2.0 2.3 3.9 3.5

Nondurable goods....................... 142 138 140 166 236 173 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.8 5.3 3.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,176 1,221 1,137 1,025 1,341 1,356 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.2 5.4 5.3

Wholesale trade......................... 151 153 136 117 187 161 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.1 3.4 2.9

Retail trade............................... 787 812 764 723 886 922 5.0 5.2 4.9 5.4 6.5 6.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 237 256 237 185 268 273 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.3 4.8 4.8

Information.................................. 88 96 74 39 66 57 3.1 3.3 2.6 1.5 2.5 2.2

Financial activities......................... 223 243 218 162 201 190 2.6 2.7 2.5 1.9 2.3 2.2

Finance and insurance................. 130 161 151 129 113 137 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.7 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 93 81 67 34 88 53 4.0 3.4 2.9 1.6 4.1 2.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,123 1,104 1,103 800 938 1,193 5.3 5.1 5.1 4.2 4.8 6.0

Education and health services........... 679 762 663 545 1,093 820 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.5 4.9 3.6

Educational services.................... 94 95 92 69 98 108 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.9 3.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 585 667 571 477 995 713 2.9 3.2 2.8 2.6 5.3 3.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,131 1,091 673 490 1,513 1,616 6.8 6.5 4.1 5.7 15.2 13.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 138 168 127 31 145 170 5.7 6.8 5.2 2.7 12.1 10.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 992 923 546 460 1,368 1,446 7.0 6.4 3.9 6.2 15.6 13.8

Other services.............................. 230 224 168 165 582 256 3.9 3.8 2.8 3.6 12.0 4.9

Government................................... 340 375 367 235 247 258 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.2

Federal...................................... 35 51 58 46 50 37 1.2 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.3

State and local............................. 305 324 309 189 197 221 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.2

State and local education.............. 162 157 153 111 128 122 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 143 167 156 78 69 99 1.5 1.8 1.7 0.9 0.8 1.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 923 960 869 534 1,103 1,116 3.3 3.4 3.1 2.2 4.5 4.4

South........................................... 2,310 2,321 1,998 1,584 2,409 2,344 4.2 4.2 3.6 3.3 4.9 4.6

Midwest........................................ 1,228 1,231 1,097 914 1,628 1,584 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.2 5.6 5.3

West............................................ 1,299 1,352 1,147 1,015 2,059 1,652 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.3 6.7 5.2

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020p

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020p

Total............................................... 5,568 5,595 14,643 9,975 4,236 4,758 3.7 3.7 9.7 7.6 3.2 3.5

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,227 5,244 14,243 9,536 3,935 4,523 4.1 4.0 11.1 8.8 3.5 3.9

Mining and logging......................... 24 20 42 67 31 27 3.2 2.8 6.0 10.2 4.9 4.4

Construction................................ 415 359 756 835 292 316 5.5 4.7 9.9 12.7 4.2 4.4

Manufacturing.............................. 324 318 804 762 285 386 2.5 2.5 6.3 6.6 2.4 3.2

Durable goods........................... 179 183 474 511 180 238 2.2 2.3 5.9 7.2 2.5 3.1

Nondurable goods....................... 146 135 329 251 105 148 3.1 2.8 6.9 5.8 2.4 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,125 1,221 2,408 1,953 936 1,055 4.1 4.4 8.7 8.0 3.8 4.1

Wholesale trade......................... 148 155 252 281 166 174 2.5 2.6 4.2 5.1 3.0 3.1

Retail trade............................... 765 812 1,654 1,267 530 633 4.9 5.2 10.6 9.5 3.9 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 211 254 502 405 240 249 3.4 4.1 8.1 7.2 4.3 4.3

Information.................................. 80 87 107 128 56 59 2.8 3.0 3.7 4.9 2.2 2.3

Financial activities......................... 221 210 350 299 160 172 2.5 2.4 4.0 3.5 1.9 2.0

Finance and insurance................. 125 150 169 112 104 118 2.0 2.3 2.6 1.7 1.6 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 96 60 181 187 57 54 4.1 2.5 7.7 8.8 2.7 2.5

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,075 1,073 1,714 1,359 875 910 5.0 5.0 8.0 7.1 4.5 4.6

Education and health services........... 618 699 1,747 1,323 538 579 2.6 2.8 7.1 6.1 2.4 2.5

Educational services.................... 86 93 327 277 58 54 2.3 2.4 8.6 8.3 1.7 1.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 533 606 1,420 1,046 480 526 2.6 2.9 6.9 5.7 2.5 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,117 1,036 5,345 1,989 640 838 6.8 6.1 32.7 23.2 6.4 7.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 143 157 599 314 105 129 5.9 6.3 24.5 27.2 8.8 8.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 975 880 4,746 1,675 534 709 6.9 6.1 34.1 22.5 6.1 6.8

Other services.............................. 227 220 969 821 121 180 3.8 3.7 16.4 17.9 2.5 3.5

Government................................... 341 351 400 439 302 235 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.4 1.1

Federal...................................... 33 41 39 39 53 41 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.9 1.4

State and local............................. 308 311 361 400 248 194 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.1 1.4 1.1

State and local education.............. 168 155 180 170 128 69 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.3 0.7

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 140 156 181 230 120 125 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.6 1.4 1.4

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 930 888 2,807 1,851 727 836 3.4 3.2 10.1 7.7 3.0 3.3

South........................................... 2,179 2,097 4,978 3,429 1,675 1,827 3.9 3.8 9.0 7.2 3.4 3.6

Midwest........................................ 1,206 1,293 3,635 2,170 900 999 3.7 3.9 11.0 7.6 3.1 3.3

West............................................ 1,254 1,317 3,222 2,525 933 1,096 3.6 3.7 9.1 8.3 3.0 3.4

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020p

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020p

Total............................................... 3,481 3,436 2,789 1,877 2,067 2,598 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,298 3,245 2,619 1,731 1,945 2,493 2.6 2.5 2.0 1.6 1.7 2.1

Mining and logging......................... 13 12 9 6 8 9 1.8 1.7 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.5

Construction................................ 186 153 130 86 104 127 2.5 2.0 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.8

Manufacturing.............................. 197 183 150 104 143 197 1.5 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.6

Durable goods........................... 113 107 86 49 83 103 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.4

Nondurable goods....................... 84 75 64 55 60 94 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 754 794 607 447 484 621 2.7 2.9 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.4

Wholesale trade......................... 88 101 93 52 55 90 1.5 1.7 1.6 0.9 1.0 1.6

Retail trade............................... 541 546 386 305 306 405 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 125 147 129 90 122 126 2.0 2.4 2.1 1.6 2.2 2.2

Information.................................. 45 50 35 28 22 28 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1

Financial activities......................... 138 123 93 70 87 83 1.6 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0

Finance and insurance................. 78 88 70 48 69 61 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 60 35 23 21 18 22 2.6 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 633 628 561 337 411 456 3.0 2.9 2.6 1.7 2.1 2.3

Education and health services........... 421 478 426 356 286 394 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.7

Educational services.................... 53 58 50 43 23 26 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 368 420 376 313 262 368 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 783 699 534 255 369 473 4.7 4.2 3.3 3.0 3.7 3.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 78 77 52 30 31 32 3.2 3.1 2.1 2.6 2.5 2.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 705 622 483 225 338 442 5.0 4.3 3.5 3.0 3.9 4.2

Other services.............................. 128 125 74 44 32 105 2.2 2.1 1.3 1.0 0.7 2.0

Government................................... 183 191 170 146 122 106 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5

Federal...................................... 14 19 17 15 17 16 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6

State and local............................. 169 172 152 130 105 90 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5

State and local education.............. 96 90 79 69 67 27 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 74 82 73 62 37 63 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.7

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 512 494 404 275 272 399 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.6

South........................................... 1,397 1,347 1,098 791 919 1,076 2.5 2.4 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.1

Midwest........................................ 758 783 654 418 443 592 2.3 2.4 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.0

West............................................ 815 812 633 394 433 531 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.7

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020p

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020p

Total............................................... 1,763 1,846 11,489 7,708 1,903 1,885 1.2 1.2 7.6 5.9 1.4 1.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,664 1,752 11,316 7,481 1,780 1,804 1.3 1.4 8.8 6.9 1.6 1.5

Mining and logging......................... 8 6 32 59 22 17 1.1 0.8 4.5 9.1 3.4 2.7

Construction................................ 220 202 604 709 177 182 2.9 2.6 7.9 10.8 2.5 2.5

Manufacturing.............................. 108 113 632 635 121 170 0.8 0.9 4.9 5.5 1.0 1.4

Durable goods........................... 53 63 374 447 85 123 0.7 0.8 4.7 6.3 1.2 1.6

Nondurable goods....................... 55 49 257 188 37 47 1.1 1.0 5.4 4.3 0.8 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 311 363 1,730 1,458 419 384 1.1 1.3 6.2 6.0 1.7 1.5

Wholesale trade3

........................ 55 47 154 220 97 78 0.9 0.8 2.6 4.0 1.7 1.4

Retail trade............................... 180 224 1,226 940 221 202 1.2 1.4 7.8 7.1 1.6 1.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 75 91 350 297 101 105 1.2 1.5 5.6 5.3 1.8 1.8

Information.................................. 27 32 64 97 29 25 0.9 1.1 2.2 3.7 1.1 1.0

Financial activities......................... 64 67 228 208 56 69 0.7 0.8 2.6 2.4 0.7 0.8

Finance and insurance................. 31 42 77 53 23 42 0.5 0.7 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 33 25 151 156 33 27 1.4 1.0 6.4 7.3 1.5 1.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 378 392 1,086 904 405 397 1.8 1.8 5.1 4.7 2.1 2.0

Education and health services........... 162 167 1,274 918 215 140 0.7 0.7 5.2 4.2 1.0 0.6

Educational services.................... 28 30 272 227 30 26 0.7 0.8 7.2 6.8 0.9 0.8

Health care and social assistance. . .. 135 136 1,001 691 185 114 0.7 0.7 4.8 3.7 1.0 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 307 318 4,783 1,722 257 346 1.9 1.9 29.2 20.1 2.6 2.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 63 77 545 281 74 93 2.6 3.1 22.3 24.3 6.1 6.0

Accommodation and food services. .. 244 240 4,238 1,441 183 253 1.7 1.7 30.4 19.4 2.1 2.4

Other services.............................. 79 93 884 770 80 74 1.3 1.6 15.0 16.8 1.7 1.4

Government................................... 99 95 173 227 123 81 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.4

Federal...................................... 8 8 9 12 24 14 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.5

State and local............................. 91 86 164 215 100 67 0.5 0.4 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.4

State and local education.............. 50 42 79 78 39 31 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 41 44 85 137 61 37 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.5 0.7 0.4

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 345 348 2,348 1,509 402 395 1.2 1.2 8.4 6.3 1.6 1.6

South........................................... 669 624 3,747 2,510 664 659 1.2 1.1 6.7 5.3 1.4 1.3

Midwest........................................ 384 440 2,898 1,650 408 343 1.2 1.3 8.8 5.8 1.4 1.1

West............................................ 364 435 2,496 2,039 429 487 1.0 1.2 7.1 6.7 1.4 1.5

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020p

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020p

Total............................................... 324 313 366 390 266 275 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 265 247 308 324 209 227 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 2 2 2 2 1 1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Construction3

............................... 10 5 22 40 11 7 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 19 23 22 23 21 19 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 12 13 14 14 12 12 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods3...................... 7 10 9 8 8 7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 60 64 71 48 34 50 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 5 6 5 9 13 7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Retail trade............................... 44 42 42 21 3 26 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 11 16 24 18 17 17 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Information3................................. 8 5 8 3 4 5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2

Financial activities......................... 19 19 30 21 17 20 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Finance and insurance................. 16 19 22 11 12 16 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 3 1 7 10 6 5 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 64 53 67 119 60 57 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 35 55 47 50 37 46 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.................... 5 4 4 7 5 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 30 51 43 43 32 44 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 28 19 28 12 14 19 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 3 2 2 3 1 4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3

Accommodation and food services3... 25 17 26 9 13 15 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Other services3............................. 20 2 11 7 9 2 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Government................................... 59 66 58 66 57 48 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

Federal...................................... 11 14 12 11 13 11 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local............................. 48 52 46 55 44 37 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

State and local education.............. 23 23 22 23 22 11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 25 29 24 31 22 26 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 73 46 56 68 54 41 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 113 126 133 129 92 92 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Midwest........................................ 63 70 83 102 49 64 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 75 71 93 92 71 78 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

Total..................................................................... 7,120 5,222 5,757 4.5 3.8 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,396 4,593 5,091 4.7 3.9 4.2

Mining and logging............................................... 29 10 17 3.7 1.5 2.7

Construction....................................................... 325 315 245 4.1 4.3 3.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 486 306 336 3.6 2.6 2.7

Durable goods.................................................. 299 166 177 3.6 2.2 2.3

Nondurable goods............................................. 187 141 158 3.8 3.1 3.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,345 939 1,091 4.6 3.7 4.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 216 148 193 3.5 2.6 3.3

Retail trade..................................................... 806 618 677 4.9 4.3 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 323 174 220 5.0 3.0 3.7

Information........................................................ 120 78 93 4.0 2.9 3.5

Financial activities................................................ 365 234 278 4.0 2.7 3.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 252 185 217 3.8 2.8 3.3

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 113 49 61 4.6 2.2 2.7

Professional and business services............................ 1,266 939 960 5.6 4.6 4.6

Education and health services.................................. 1,270 908 996 5.0 3.9 4.2

Educational services.......................................... 120 78 86 3.3 2.3 2.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,149 829 909 5.3 4.2 4.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 956 669 836 5.3 6.2 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 100 119 130 3.5 8.8 6.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 856 550 706 5.6 5.8 6.1

Other services.................................................... 233 195 240 3.8 3.9 4.4

Government.......................................................... 724 629 666 3.1 2.8 3.1

Federal............................................................. 116 70 98 3.9 2.4 3.3

State and local.................................................... 608 559 567 3.0 2.9 3.0

State and local education..................................... 253 204 206 2.4 2.0 2.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 355 355 361 3.6 3.9 3.9

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,174 953 1,032 4.1 3.7 3.9

South................................................................. 2,582 1,968 2,147 4.4 3.9 4.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,642 1,132 1,277 4.7 3.7 4.1

West.................................................................. 1,722 1,168 1,301 4.6 3.6 3.9

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

Total..................................................................... 6,564 7,859 7,670 4.3 5.9 5.5

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,148 7,591 7,338 4.8 6.8 6.3

Mining and logging............................................... 24 18 13 3.2 2.8 2.1

Construction....................................................... 500 781 578 6.5 11.0 7.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 400 558 511 3.1 4.8 4.2

Durable goods.................................................. 226 311 306 2.8 4.3 4.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 174 247 206 3.6 5.6 4.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,205 1,420 1,434 4.4 5.7 5.6

Wholesale trade................................................ 171 194 185 2.9 3.5 3.3

Retail trade..................................................... 818 970 984 5.2 7.1 6.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 217 256 264 3.5 4.6 4.6

Information........................................................ 98 75 62 3.4 2.9 2.4

Financial activities................................................ 266 224 225 3.0 2.6 2.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 156 123 158 2.4 1.9 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 110 101 67 4.7 4.7 3.0

Professional and business services............................ 1,226 1,010 1,327 5.7 5.2 6.7

Education and health services.................................. 716 1,056 879 3.0 4.7 3.9

Educational services.......................................... 95 77 114 2.7 2.3 3.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 621 979 765 3.0 5.2 4.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,407 1,800 1,974 8.2 17.8 15.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 230 224 290 8.5 18.2 16.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,177 1,576 1,685 8.1 17.8 15.6

Other services.................................................... 307 648 334 5.1 13.4 6.4

Government.......................................................... 415 267 332 1.8 1.2 1.6

Federal............................................................. 39 58 41 1.4 2.0 1.4

State and local.................................................... 376 210 291 1.9 1.1 1.6

State and local education..................................... 134 68 85 1.3 0.7 0.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 242 142 206 2.6 1.6 2.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,149 1,278 1,396 4.1 5.2 5.5

South................................................................. 2,509 2,561 2,570 4.5 5.2 5.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,417 1,896 1,851 4.3 6.5 6.1

West.................................................................. 1,488 2,123 1,852 4.2 6.9 5.8

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

Total..................................................................... 5,894 4,156 4,933 3.9 3.1 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,343 3,812 4,533 4.1 3.4 3.9

Mining and logging............................................... 21 28 23 2.8 4.4 3.7

Construction....................................................... 384 255 287 5.0 3.6 3.9

Manufacturing..................................................... 334 283 392 2.6 2.4 3.2

Durable goods.................................................. 183 179 241 2.3 2.5 3.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 151 104 151 3.1 2.3 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,099 911 1,025 4.0 3.7 4.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 150 160 173 2.5 2.9 3.1

Retail trade..................................................... 752 534 615 4.8 3.9 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 196 216 237 3.2 3.9 4.2

Information........................................................ 81 52 58 2.8 2.0 2.2

Financial activities................................................ 226 155 176 2.6 1.8 2.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 128 97 118 2.0 1.5 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 98 58 58 4.2 2.7 2.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,090 881 892 5.1 4.5 4.5

Education and health services.................................. 741 581 666 3.1 2.6 2.9

Educational services.......................................... 156 87 117 4.4 2.6 3.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 585 494 549 2.9 2.6 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,136 537 833 6.6 5.3 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 121 51 99 4.5 4.2 5.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,015 485 734 7.0 5.5 6.8

Other services.................................................... 231 129 182 3.9 2.7 3.5

Government.......................................................... 551 344 400 2.5 1.6 1.9

Federal............................................................. 31 48 38 1.1 1.7 1.3

State and local.................................................... 521 296 362 2.7 1.6 2.0

State and local education..................................... 381 185 246 3.8 1.9 2.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 139 110 117 1.5 1.2 1.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 987 656 865 3.6 2.7 3.4

South................................................................. 2,305 1,719 1,899 4.1 3.5 3.7

Midwest............................................................... 1,251 873 991 3.8 3.0 3.3

West.................................................................. 1,351 907 1,179 3.8 2.9 3.7

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

Total..................................................................... 3,778 2,088 2,751 2.5 1.6 2.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,477 1,940 2,558 2.7 1.7 2.2

Mining and logging............................................... 12 7 8 1.7 1.1 1.3

Construction....................................................... 193 87 135 2.5 1.2 1.8

Manufacturing..................................................... 208 148 204 1.6 1.3 1.7

Durable goods.................................................. 119 85 108 1.5 1.2 1.4

Nondurable goods............................................. 89 63 96 1.9 1.4 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 773 502 630 2.8 2.0 2.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 90 54 90 1.5 1.0 1.6

Retail trade..................................................... 561 339 425 3.6 2.5 2.9

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 122 110 114 2.0 2.0 2.0

Information........................................................ 43 22 26 1.5 0.8 1.0

Financial activities................................................ 142 89 82 1.6 1.0 1.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 82 71 60 1.3 1.1 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 60 18 22 2.5 0.8 1.0

Professional and business services............................ 671 399 467 3.1 2.1 2.4

Education and health services.................................. 480 286 415 2.0 1.3 1.8

Educational services.......................................... 86 23 41 2.4 0.7 1.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 394 263 374 1.9 1.4 1.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 824 359 481 4.8 3.6 3.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 83 16 33 3.0 1.3 1.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 741 343 448 5.1 3.9 4.1

Other services.................................................... 132 40 110 2.2 0.8 2.1

Government.......................................................... 301 148 193 1.3 0.7 0.9

Federal............................................................. 14 16 16 0.5 0.6 0.6

State and local.................................................... 287 132 177 1.5 0.7 1.0

State and local education..................................... 208 86 112 2.1 0.9 1.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 78 47 65 0.8 0.5 0.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 551 269 410 2.0 1.1 1.6

South................................................................. 1,515 933 1,148 2.7 1.9 2.3

Midwest............................................................... 818 454 605 2.5 1.6 2.0

West.................................................................. 894 433 587 2.5 1.4 1.8

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

Total..................................................................... 1,739 1,802 1,858 1.1 1.4 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,600 1,666 1,750 1.2 1.5 1.5

Mining and logging............................................... 6 20 13 0.8 3.1 2.1

Construction....................................................... 182 157 145 2.4 2.2 2.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 106 115 168 0.8 1.0 1.4

Durable goods.................................................. 52 82 120 0.6 1.1 1.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 54 33 48 1.1 0.7 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 270 370 351 1.0 1.5 1.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 55 97 78 0.9 1.7 1.4

Retail trade..................................................... 151 184 169 1.0 1.3 1.2

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 64 89 105 1.0 1.6 1.8

Information........................................................ 30 25 26 1.0 1.0 1.0

Financial activities................................................ 64 50 73 0.7 0.6 0.8

Finance and insurance........................................ 29 16 42 0.5 0.2 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 35 34 31 1.5 1.6 1.4

Professional and business services............................ 357 429 369 1.7 2.2 1.9

Education and health services.................................. 222 256 200 0.9 1.2 0.9

Educational services.......................................... 60 57 70 1.7 1.7 2.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 162 199 131 0.8 1.1 0.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 284 164 333 1.6 1.6 2.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 36 34 63 1.3 2.8 3.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 248 129 271 1.7 1.5 2.5

Other services.................................................... 79 80 71 1.3 1.6 1.3

Government.......................................................... 139 136 107 0.6 0.6 0.5

Federal............................................................. 6 20 11 0.2 0.7 0.4

State and local.................................................... 133 116 96 0.7 0.6 0.5

State and local education..................................... 101 71 73 1.0 0.7 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 32 44 23 0.3 0.5 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 349 336 400 1.3 1.4 1.6

South................................................................. 662 695 649 1.2 1.4 1.3

Midwest............................................................... 360 364 311 1.1 1.3 1.0

West.................................................................. 369 406 497 1.0 1.3 1.5

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020p

Total..................................................................... 377 265 324 0.2 0.2 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 266 206 224 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 3 1 2 0.4 0.2 0.2

Construction....................................................... 10 11 7 0.1 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing..................................................... 20 20 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 13 12 13 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 7 8 7 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 57 39 44 0.2 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 5 10 5 0.1 0.2 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 40 12 21 0.3 0.1 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 11 17 17 0.2 0.3 0.3

Information........................................................ 8 4 5 0.3 0.2 0.2

Financial activities................................................ 20 16 21 0.2 0.2 0.2

Finance and insurance........................................ 17 10 16 0.3 0.2 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 3 6 5 0.1 0.3 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 62 53 55 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 40 38 50 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 10 6 6 0.3 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance........................... 30 32 44 0.1 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 28 14 19 0.2 0.1 0.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 3 1 4 0.1 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 25 13 15 0.2 0.1 0.1

Other services.................................................... 20 9 2 0.3 0.2 0.0

Government.......................................................... 111 59 100 0.5 0.3 0.5

Federal............................................................. 11 11 10 0.4 0.4 0.3

State and local.................................................... 101 48 90 0.5 0.3 0.5

State and local education..................................... 72 28 61 0.7 0.3 0.7

State and local, excluding education........................ 29 19 29 0.3 0.2 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 88 51 54 0.3 0.2 0.2

South................................................................. 128 92 101 0.2 0.2 0.2

Midwest............................................................... 73 55 75 0.2 0.2 0.2

West.................................................................. 89 68 95 0.3 0.2 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.