Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-09-1583 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 8, 2010 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION – DECEMBER 2009 

Nonfarm payroll employment edged down (-85,000) in December, and the unemployment rate was 

unchanged at 10.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment fell in construction, manufacturing, and wholesale trade, while temporary help services and health care added jobs. 

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-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

Dec-07 M ar-08 Jun-08 Sep-08 Dec-08 M ar-09 Jun-09 Sep-09 Dec-09

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, December 2007 –

December 2009

Percent

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5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Dec-07 M ar-08 Jun-08 Sep-08 Dec-08 M ar-09 Jun-09 Sep-09 Dec-09

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

December 2007 – December 2009

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data 

Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end of each calendar year. Seasonally adjusted estimates 

back to January 2005 were subject to revision. The unemployment rates for January 2009 

through November 2009 (as originally published and as revised) appear in table B on page 6, 

along with additional information about the revisions. 
- 2 - 

Household Survey Data 

In December, both the number of unemployed persons, at 15.3 million, and the unemployment rate, 

at 10.0 percent, were unchanged. At the start of the recession in December 2007, the number of unemployed persons was 7.7 million, and the unemployment rate was 5.0 percent. (See table A-1.) 

Unemployment rates for the major worker groups—adult men (10.2 percent), adult women (8.2 

percent), teenagers (27.1 percent), whites (9.0 percent), blacks (16.2 percent), and Hispanics (12.9 

percent)—showed little change in December. The unemployment rate for Asians was 8.4 percent, not 

seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks and over) 

continued to trend up, reaching 6.1 million. In December, 4 in 10 unemployed workers were jobless for 

27 weeks or longer. (See table A-9.) 

The civilian labor force participation rate fell to 64.6 percent in December. The employment-population ratio declined to 58.2 percent. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) was about unchanged at 9.2 million in December and has been relatively flat 

since March. These individuals were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-5.) 

About 2.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force in December, an increase of 

578,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the 

labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 

months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey. (See table A-13.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 929,000 discouraged workers in December, up from 

642,000 a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.6 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment edged down in December (-85,000). Job losses continued in construction, manufacturing, and wholesale trade, while temporary help services and health care continued 

to add jobs. During 2009, monthly job losses moderated substantially. Employment losses in the first 

quarter of 2009 averaged 691,000 per month, compared with an average loss of 69,000 per month in the 

fourth quarter. (See table B-1.) 

Construction employment declined by 53,000 in December, with job losses throughout the industry. 

Employment in construction has fallen by 1.6 million since the recession began. 

In December, employment in manufacturing decreased by 27,000. The average monthly decline for 

the last 6 months of 2009 (-41,000) was much lower than the average monthly decline for the first half 
- 3 - 

of the year (-171,000). Since the recession began, manufacturing employment has fallen by 2.1 million; 

three-fourths of this drop occurred in the durable goods component (-1.6 million). 

Wholesale trade employment declined by 18,000 in December, with the majority of the decline occurring among durable goods wholesalers. Employment in retail trade was little changed over the 

month, although general merchandise stores lost 15,000 jobs. 

Temporary help services added 47,000 jobs in December. Since reaching a low point in July, temporary help services employment has risen by 166,000. 

Health care employment continued to increase in December (22,000), with notable gains in offices of 

physicians (9,000) and home health care services (8,000). The health care industry has added 631,000 

jobs since the recession began. 

In December, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm 

payrolls was unchanged at 33.2 hours. The manufacturing workweek, at 40.4 hours, and factory overtime, at 3.4 hours, were unchanged over the month. Since May, the manufacturing workweek has increased by 1.0 hour. (See table B-2.) 

In December, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm 

payrolls rose by 3 cents, or 0.2 percent, to $18.80. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings 

have risen by 2.2 percent, while average weekly earnings have risen by 1.9 percent. (See table B-3.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised from -111,000 to -127,000, 

and the change for November was revised from -11,000 to +4,000. 

The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 5, 2010, 

at 8:30 a.m. (EST). 

Upcoming Changes to The Employment Situation News Release 

Effective with the release of January 2010 data on February 5, 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 

Statistics will introduce several changes to The Employment Situation news release text and 

tables. Two new summary tables—one for the household survey and one for the establishment 

survey—will replace the current table A. In addition, three new household data tables will 

provide information on the employment status of veterans, persons with a disability, and the 

foreign born. Also, the establishment data tables have been largely redesigned to include information on all employee hours and earnings, women employees, and production and nonsupervisory employees. The ordering and format of some tables also will change. Additional 

information is available at www.bls.gov/bls/upcoming_empsit_changes.htm. 
- 4 - 

Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data 

With the release of January 2010 data on February 5, 2010, the Current Employment Statistics 

survey will introduce revisions to nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings data to 

reflect the annual benchmark adjustments for March 2009 and updated seasonal adjustment 

factors. Not seasonally adjusted data beginning with April 2008 and seasonally adjusted data 

beginning with January 2005 are subject to revision. 

Revisions in the Household Survey Data 

Effective with the release of data for January 2010, revisions will be introduced into the population controls for the household survey. These changes reflect the routine annual updating of 

intercensal population estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. 
- 5 - 

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Civilian labor force ............................... 154,235 153,544 153,854 153,720 153,059 -661

Employment ..................................... 139,339 138,138 138,242 138,381 137,792 -589

Unemployment .................................. 14,895 15,406 15,612 15,340 15,267 -73

Not in labor force .................................. 81,858 83,195 82,696 83,022 83,865 843

All workers ............................................ 9.7 10.0 10.1 10.0 10.0 0.0

Adult men ........................................... 10.1 10.4 10.6 10.4 10.2 -.2

Adult women ..................................... 7.7 8.1 8.1 8.0 8.2 .2

Teenagers ........................................ 25.4 27.2 27.6 26.8 27.1 .3

White ............................................... 8.9 9.2 9.4 9.3 9.0 -.3

Black or African American 

................... 15.1 15.8 15.7 15.6 16.2 .6

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ................. 12.7 12.9 13.1 12.7 12.9 .2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA 

Nonfarm employment ............................ 131,262 p 130,965 130,991 p 130,995 p 130,910 p -85

Goods-producing 1

.............................. 18,595 p 18,313 18,379 p 18,321 p 18,240 p -81

Construction .................................... 6,100 p 5,951 5,987 p 5,960 p 5,907 p -53

Manufacturing ............................... 11,786 p 11,660 11,692 p 11,657 p 11,630 p -27

Service-providing 1 ............................. 112,667 p 112,652 112,612 p 112,674 p 112,670 p -4

 Retail trade 2

 ................................. 14,720 p 14,634 14,647 p 14,633 p 14,623 p -10

Professional and business service ..... 16,628 p 16,751 16,675 p 16,764 p 16,814 p 50

Education and health services ........... 19,307 p 19,420 19,384 p 19,421 p 19,456 p 35

Leisure and hospitality ..................... 13,172 p 13,117 13,134 p 13,121 p 13,096 p -25

Government .................................... 22,470 p 22,480 22,484 p 22,488 p 22,467 p -21

Total private ......................................... 33.1 p 33.1 33.0 p 33.2 p 33.2 p 0.0

Manufacturing .................................. 39.9 p 40.3 40.1 p 40.4 p 40.4 p .0

 Overtime ....................................... 3.0 p 3.3 3.2 p 3.4 p 3.4 p .0

Total private ........................................ 99.0 p 98.9 98.5 p 99.1 p 99.1 p 0.0

Average hourly earnings, total private ...... $18.64 p $18.77 $18.74 p $18.77 p $18.80 p $0.03

Average weekly earnings, total private ...... 617.10 p 621.91 618.42 p 623.16 p 624.16 p 1.00

 NOTE: Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised. See note on page 6.

IV 2009 Oct. 2009 Nov. 2009

p = preliminary.

Nov.-Dec. 

change

Hours of work 3

1

 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using unrounded data.

3

 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.

Category

Quarterly averages Monthly data

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 3

Earnings 3

 Employment

Labor force status

Unemployment rates 

III 2009 Dec. 2009
- 6 - 

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data 

At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the labor 

force series derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. As a result of 

this process, seasonally adjusted data for January 2005 through November 2009 were subject to revision. 

Table B shows the unemployment rates for January 2009 through November 2009, as first published and 

as revised. The rates were unchanged in 7 of the 11 months and changed by one-tenth of a percentage 

point in the remaining 4 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force series 

beginning in December 2008 appear in table C. 

An article describing the seasonal adjustment methodology for the household survey data and revised 

data for January 2009 through November 2009 is available at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsrs2010.pdf. 

Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables of this release can be accessed at 

www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data 

for additional series are available on the Internet at ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf/. 

Table B. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates and changes due to revision,

January–November 2009

2009

January ..................................... 7.6 7.7 0.1

February ................................... 8.1 8.2 .1

March ....................................... 8.5 8.6 .1

April ......................................... 8.9 8.9 .0

May .......................................... 9.4 9.4 .0

June .......................................... 9.5 9.5 .0

July ........................................... 9.4 9.4 .0

August ...................................... 9.7 9.7 .0

September ................................ 9.8 9.8 .0

October .................................... 10.2 10.1 -.1

November ................................ 10.0 10.0 .0

Year and month As revised Change As first

published 
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table C. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

2008 2009

Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...................... 235,035 234,739 234,913 235,086 235,271 235,452 235,655 235,870 236,087 236,322 236,550 236,743 236,924

 Civilian labor force .............................................. 154,587 154,140 154,401 154,164 154,718 154,956 154,759 154,351 154,426 153,927 153,854 153,720 153,059

 Participation rate ........................................... 65.8 65.7 65.7 65.6 65.8 65.8 65.7 65.4 65.4 65.1 65.0 64.9 64.6

 Employed .......................................................... 143,188 142,221 141,687 140,854 140,902 140,438 140,038 139,817 139,433 138,768 138,242 138,381 137,792

 Employment-population ratio ........................ 60.9 60.6 60.3 59.9 59.9 59.6 59.4 59.3 59.1 58.7 58.4 58.5 58.2

 Unemployed ..................................................... 11,400 11,919 12,714 13,310 13,816 14,518 14,721 14,534 14,993 15,159 15,612 15,340 15,267

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 7.4 7.7 8.2 8.6 8.9 9.4 9.5 9.4 9.7 9.8 10.1 10.0 10.0

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...................... 105,083 104,902 104,999 105,095 105,196 105,299 105,412 105,530 105,651 105,780 105,906 106,018 106,125

 Civilian labor force .............................................. 79,108 78,769 78,859 78,680 79,106 79,339 79,246 78,984 79,196 78,977 79,024 78,901 78,402

 Participation rate ........................................... 75.3 75.1 75.1 74.9 75.2 75.3 75.2 74.8 75.0 74.7 74.6 74.4 73.9

 Employed .......................................................... 73,237 72,625 72,266 71,667 71,665 71,552 71,354 71,255 71,142 70,861 70,662 70,662 70,391

 Employment-population ratio ........................ 69.7 69.2 68.8 68.2 68.1 68.0 67.7 67.5 67.3 67.0 66.7 66.7 66.3

 Unemployed ..................................................... 5,871 6,144 6,593 7,013 7,441 7,787 7,892 7,728 8,055 8,116 8,362 8,239 8,011

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 7.4 7.8 8.4 8.9 9.4 9.8 10.0 9.8 10.2 10.3 10.6 10.4 10.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...................... 112,825 112,738 112,824 112,908 112,999 113,089 113,189 113,296 113,405 113,522 113,636 113,737 113,832

 Civilian labor force .............................................. 68,904 68,793 68,914 68,972 69,105 69,060 68,984 68,910 68,847 68,686 68,687 68,742 68,620

 Participation rate ........................................... 61.1 61.0 61.1 61.1 61.2 61.1 60.9 60.8 60.7 60.5 60.4 60.4 60.3

 Employed .......................................................... 64,744 64,391 64,238 64,110 64,147 63,847 63,741 63,685 63,552 63,280 63,133 63,269 62,998

 Employment-population ratio ........................ 57.4 57.1 56.9 56.8 56.8 56.5 56.3 56.2 56.0 55.7 55.6 55.6 55.3

 Unemployed ..................................................... 4,160 4,402 4,676 4,863 4,957 5,213 5,243 5,225 5,295 5,406 5,554 5,473 5,622

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 6.0 6.4 6.8 7.1 7.2 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.9 8.1 8.0 8.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...................... 17,126 17,098 17,090 17,083 17,076 17,064 17,053 17,044 17,031 17,020 17,008 16,988 16,967

 Civilian labor force .............................................. 6,575 6,578 6,628 6,512 6,507 6,557 6,529 6,457 6,383 6,264 6,143 6,077 6,037

 Participation rate ........................................... 38.4 38.5 38.8 38.1 38.1 38.4 38.3 37.9 37.5 36.8 36.1 35.8 35.6

 Employed .......................................................... 5,207 5,205 5,183 5,077 5,089 5,039 4,943 4,877 4,740 4,627 4,448 4,450 4,403

 Employment-population ratio ........................ 30.4 30.4 30.3 29.7 29.8 29.5 29.0 28.6 27.8 27.2 26.1 26.2 25.9

 Unemployed ..................................................... 1,368 1,373 1,445 1,435 1,418 1,518 1,586 1,581 1,643 1,637 1,696 1,627 1,634

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 20.8 20.9 21.8 22.0 21.8 23.2 24.3 24.5 25.7 26.1 27.6 26.8 27.1

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.

 - 7 - 
- 8 - 

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment 

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller 

margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its 

much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 107,000 is statistically significant 

in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household 

survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and 

private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. 

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Thus, 

while it is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to 

determine how many are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about 

whether respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these questions show that foreignborn workers accounted for 15.6 percent of the labor force in 2008. 

Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. 

The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm. 

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with 

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the 

total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled 

to achieve that goal. 

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment 

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that 

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the 

net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The 

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not 
- 9 - 

immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth 

of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new 

businesses to the survey twice a year. 

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance 

benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who 

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People 

on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or 

question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including 

those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In 

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not 

officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news release. 
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) 

and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment 

survey). The household survey provides the information on 

the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears 

in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample 

survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. 

Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides the information on 

the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm 

payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll 

records by BLS in cooperation with state agencies. The 

sample includes about 160,000 businesses and government 

agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling 

frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference week is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in 

their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: They had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; and 

they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or 

unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment 

rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor 

force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as 

a percent of the population, and the employment-population 

ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for 

private businesses and relate only to production workers in 

the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in 

the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on the 

basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2007 

version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural workers, 

the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll would be counted separately for each 

appearance. 

Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as 

changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, 

harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of 

schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very 

large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 

percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. 
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends 

can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to 

month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, 

such as declines in economic activity or increases in the 

participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For 

example, the large number of youth entering the labor force 

each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have 

taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if 

the level of economic activity has risen or declined. 

However, because the effect of students finishing school in 

previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can 

be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the 

seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure 

provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in 

economic activity. 

Most seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most 

supersectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted component 

series. For example, total unemployment is derived by 

summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex 

components; this differs from the unemployment estimate 

that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by 

combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age 

categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which 

new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all 

relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used 

each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. 

In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a 

year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, 

there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from 

the "true" population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the 

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by 

the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based 

on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors 

from the "true" population value because of sampling error. 

BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level 

of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total employment from the household survey is on 

the order of plus or minus 430,000. Suppose the estimate of 

total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to 

the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly 

change would range from -330,000 to 530,000 (100,000 +/-

430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results 

are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 

90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies 

within this interval. Since this range includes values of less 

than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment 

had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment 

rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-

percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In 

this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an 

employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment 

rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval 

for the monthly change in unemployment is about 

+/-280,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment 

rate it is about +/-.19 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size 

of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small 

number of observations. The precision of estimates is also 

improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for 

quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment 

process can also improve the stability of the monthly 

estimates. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can 

occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a 

segment of the population, inability to obtain information for 

all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for 

this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to account 

for business births. The first component uses business deaths 

to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative estimate 

procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of 

business, but imputing to them the same trend as the other 

firms in the sample. The second component is an ARIMA 

time series model designed to estimate the residual net 

birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. 

The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual 

net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 
employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from 0.1 

percent to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available 

to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-

8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Dec.

2008

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2008

Aug.

2009

Sept.

2009

Oct.

2009

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 235,035 236,743 236,924 235,035 236,087 236,322 236,550 236,743 236,924

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 154,349 153,539 152,693 154,587 154,426 153,927 153,854 153,720 153,059

 Participation rate ..................................................... 65.7 64.9 64.4 65.8 65.4 65.1 65.0 64.9 64.6

 Employed .................................................................... 143,350 139,132 137,953 143,188 139,433 138,768 138,242 138,381 137,792

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 61.0 58.8 58.2 60.9 59.1 58.7 58.4 58.5 58.2

 Unemployed ............................................................... 10,999 14,407 14,740 11,400 14,993 15,159 15,612 15,340 15,267

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 7.1 9.4 9.7 7.4 9.7 9.8 10.1 10.0 10.0

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 80,686 83,204 84,231 80,448 81,661 82,396 82,696 83,022 83,865

 Persons who currently want a job ............................... 5,180 5,618 5,939 5,511 5,609 5,960 6,031 6,043 6,306

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 113,769 114,632 114,728 113,769 114,288 114,411 114,530 114,632 114,728

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 82,226 81,612 81,243 82,462 82,466 82,197 82,184 81,964 81,454

 Participation rate ..................................................... 72.3 71.2 70.8 72.5 72.2 71.8 71.8 71.5 71.0

 Employed .................................................................... 75,548 73,107 72,258 75,812 73,436 73,120 72,844 72,794 72,499

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 66.4 63.8 63.0 66.6 64.3 63.9 63.6 63.5 63.2

 Unemployed ............................................................... 6,678 8,505 8,985 6,650 9,031 9,077 9,340 9,171 8,955

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 8.1 10.4 11.1 8.1 11.0 11.0 11.4 11.2 11.0

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 31,543 33,019 33,485 31,308 31,821 32,214 32,346 32,667 33,274

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 105,083 106,018 106,125 105,083 105,651 105,780 105,906 106,018 106,125

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 79,071 78,723 78,392 79,108 79,196 78,977 79,024 78,901 78,402

 Participation rate ..................................................... 75.2 74.3 73.9 75.3 75.0 74.7 74.6 74.4 73.9

 Employed .................................................................... 73,088 71,112 70,251 73,237 71,142 70,861 70,662 70,662 70,391

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 69.6 67.1 66.2 69.7 67.3 67.0 66.7 66.7 66.3

 Unemployed ............................................................... 5,984 7,611 8,141 5,871 8,055 8,116 8,362 8,239 8,011

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 7.6 9.7 10.4 7.4 10.2 10.3 10.6 10.4 10.2

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 26,012 27,295 27,733 25,975 26,455 26,803 26,882 27,117 27,723

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 121,266 122,111 122,197 121,266 121,799 121,911 122,020 122,111 122,197

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 72,122 71,927 71,450 72,126 71,960 71,729 71,669 71,756 71,605

 Participation rate ..................................................... 59.5 58.9 58.5 59.5 59.1 58.8 58.7 58.8 58.6

 Employed .................................................................... 67,802 66,024 65,694 67,376 65,997 65,648 65,398 65,587 65,293

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 55.9 54.1 53.8 55.6 54.2 53.8 53.6 53.7 53.4

 Unemployed ............................................................... 4,320 5,902 5,756 4,750 5,962 6,081 6,271 6,169 6,312

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 6.0 8.2 8.1 6.6 8.3 8.5 8.8 8.6 8.8

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 49,143 50,184 50,747 49,140 49,839 50,182 50,350 50,355 50,591

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 112,825 113,737 113,832 112,825 113,405 113,522 113,636 113,737 113,832

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 69,042 69,049 68,617 68,904 68,847 68,686 68,687 68,742 68,620

 Participation rate ..................................................... 61.2 60.7 60.3 61.1 60.7 60.5 60.4 60.4 60.3

 Employed .................................................................... 65,204 63,787 63,430 64,744 63,552 63,280 63,133 63,269 62,998

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 57.8 56.1 55.7 57.4 56.0 55.7 55.6 55.6 55.3

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,838 5,262 5,187 4,160 5,295 5,406 5,554 5,473 5,622

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 5.6 7.6 7.6 6.0 7.7 7.9 8.1 8.0 8.2

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 43,784 44,688 45,215 43,921 44,558 44,837 44,949 44,994 45,212

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 17,126 16,988 16,967 17,126 17,031 17,020 17,008 16,988 16,967

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 6,235 5,767 5,684 6,575 6,383 6,264 6,143 6,077 6,037

 Participation rate ..................................................... 36.4 33.9 33.5 38.4 37.5 36.8 36.1 35.8 35.6

 Employed .................................................................... 5,058 4,233 4,272 5,207 4,740 4,627 4,448 4,450 4,403

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 29.5 24.9 25.2 30.4 27.8 27.2 26.1 26.2 25.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,177 1,534 1,412 1,368 1,643 1,637 1,696 1,627 1,634

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 18.9 26.6 24.8 20.8 25.7 26.1 27.6 26.8 27.1

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 10,891 11,221 11,283 10,551 10,648 10,756 10,865 10,911 10,930

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Dec.

2008

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2008

Aug.

2009

Sept.

2009

Oct.

2009

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

WHITE 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 190,351 191,516 191,628 190,351 191,086 191,244 191,394 191,516 191,628

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 125,588 125,170 124,344 125,792 126,038 125,581 125,567 125,258 124,605

 Participation rate ....................................................... 66.0 65.4 64.9 66.1 66.0 65.7 65.6 65.4 65.0

 Employed .................................................................... 117,409 114,403 113,416 117,335 114,784 114,215 113,754 113,669 113,339

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 61.7 59.7 59.2 61.6 60.1 59.7 59.4 59.4 59.1

 Unemployed ............................................................... 8,179 10,767 10,928 8,458 11,254 11,366 11,813 11,589 11,266

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 6.5 8.6 8.8 6.7 8.9 9.1 9.4 9.3 9.0

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 64,763 66,346 67,284 64,559 65,048 65,663 65,827 66,258 67,024

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 65,424 65,286 64,870 65,399 65,640 65,548 65,540 65,387 64,804

 Participation rate ....................................................... 75.6 74.9 74.4 75.6 75.5 75.4 75.3 75.0 74.3

 Employed .................................................................... 60,965 59,438 58,653 61,096 59,514 59,279 59,077 58,996 58,782

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 70.5 68.2 67.2 70.6 68.5 68.1 67.8 67.7 67.4

 Unemployed ............................................................... 4,459 5,848 6,217 4,303 6,126 6,269 6,463 6,390 6,022

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 6.8 9.0 9.6 6.6 9.3 9.6 9.9 9.8 9.3

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 55,033 55,165 54,823 54,939 55,036 54,841 54,932 54,908 54,822

 Participation rate ....................................................... 60.6 60.4 60.0 60.5 60.4 60.1 60.2 60.1 60.0

 Employed .................................................................... 52,199 51,334 51,116 51,817 51,211 50,956 50,861 50,852 50,753

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 57.5 56.2 55.9 57.1 56.2 55.8 55.7 55.6 55.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,833 3,831 3,707 3,122 3,825 3,884 4,071 4,056 4,069

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 5.1 6.9 6.8 5.7 7.0 7.1 7.4 7.4 7.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 5,131 4,719 4,651 5,454 5,362 5,192 5,095 4,963 4,978

 Participation rate ....................................................... 39.1 36.3 35.9 41.6 41.2 39.9 39.2 38.2 38.4

 Employed .................................................................... 4,245 3,631 3,647 4,421 4,060 3,980 3,816 3,820 3,804

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 32.4 28.0 28.1 33.7 31.2 30.6 29.3 29.4 29.3

 Unemployed ............................................................... 886 1,088 1,004 1,033 1,303 1,212 1,279 1,142 1,174

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 17.3 23.0 21.6 18.9 24.3 23.3 25.1 23.0 23.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 28,059 28,404 28,437 28,059 28,290 28,330 28,369 28,404 28,437

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 17,720 17,606 17,484 17,797 17,596 17,455 17,516 17,660 17,600

 Participation rate ....................................................... 63.2 62.0 61.5 63.4 62.2 61.6 61.7 62.2 61.9

 Employed .................................................................... 15,649 14,938 14,759 15,646 14,914 14,754 14,763 14,904 14,758

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 55.8 52.6 51.9 55.8 52.7 52.1 52.0 52.5 51.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,071 2,667 2,725 2,150 2,682 2,701 2,754 2,757 2,843

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 11.7 15.2 15.6 12.1 15.2 15.5 15.7 15.6 16.2

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 10,339 10,798 10,953 10,262 10,694 10,875 10,853 10,744 10,837

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,981 7,911 7,896 7,997 7,913 7,820 7,899 7,915 7,907

 Participation rate ....................................................... 70.7 69.0 68.7 70.8 69.4 68.4 69.0 69.0 68.8

 Employed .................................................................... 6,879 6,637 6,579 6,896 6,569 6,526 6,553 6,584 6,591

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 60.9 57.9 57.3 61.1 57.6 57.1 57.2 57.4 57.4

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,102 1,274 1,317 1,101 1,344 1,294 1,346 1,331 1,316

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 13.8 16.1 16.7 13.8 17.0 16.5 17.0 16.8 16.6

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 9,031 8,999 8,891 9,076 8,976 8,947 8,911 9,001 8,959

 Participation rate ....................................................... 64.2 63.1 62.2 64.5 63.2 62.9 62.5 63.1 62.7

 Employed .................................................................... 8,264 7,942 7,786 8,267 7,885 7,827 7,800 7,946 7,788

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 58.7 55.7 54.5 58.7 55.5 55.0 54.8 55.7 54.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 767 1,057 1,105 809 1,091 1,120 1,110 1,055 1,171

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 8.5 11.7 12.4 8.9 12.2 12.5 12.5 11.7 13.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 708 696 698 724 708 688 707 743 734

 Participation rate ....................................................... 26.3 26.0 26.2 26.9 26.4 25.7 26.4 27.8 27.5

 Employed .................................................................... 506 359 394 483 460 401 409 373 379

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 18.8 13.4 14.8 18.0 17.2 15.0 15.3 14.0 14.2

 Unemployed ............................................................... 202 337 303 241 247 287 298 370 356

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 28.5 48.4 43.5 33.3 35.0 41.7 42.1 49.8 48.4

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Dec.

2008

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2008

Aug.

2009

Sept.

2009

Oct.

2009

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

ASIAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 10,873 10,879 10,904 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,223 7,080 7,163 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 66.4 65.1 65.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 6,857 6,566 6,560 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 63.1 60.4 60.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 365 514 602 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 5.1 7.3 8.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 3,651 3,799 3,741 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in

table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population

controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Dec.

2008

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2008

Aug.

2009

Sept.

2009

Oct.

2009

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 32,649 33,291 33,379 32,649 33,017 33,110 33,202 33,291 33,379

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 22,221 22,622 22,481 22,145 22,320 22,444 22,492 22,564 22,404

 Participation rate ....................................................... 68.1 68.0 67.3 67.8 67.6 67.8 67.7 67.8 67.1

 Employed .................................................................... 20,129 19,860 19,591 20,056 19,411 19,595 19,553 19,692 19,513

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 61.7 59.7 58.7 61.4 58.8 59.2 58.9 59.2 58.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,093 2,762 2,890 2,089 2,908 2,849 2,939 2,872 2,891

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 9.4 12.2 12.9 9.4 13.0 12.7 13.1 12.7 12.9

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 10,428 10,669 10,899 10,505 10,697 10,666 10,710 10,727 10,976

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 12,752 12,862 12,804 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 83.8 83.0 82.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 11,558 11,374 11,168 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 76.0 73.4 71.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,194 1,488 1,636 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 9.4 11.6 12.8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,430 8,767 8,720 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 58.8 59.9 59.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 7,765 7,838 7,806 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 54.2 53.5 53.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 665 929 915 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 7.9 10.6 10.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 1,039 993 956 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 33.5 31.5 30.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 805 649 617 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 26.0 20.6 19.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 234 344 340 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 22.6 34.7 35.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of

any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

(Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2008

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2008

Aug.

2009

Sept.

2009

Oct.

2009

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 12,136 11,929 12,015 12,112 12,323 12,263 12,155 12,003 11,977

 Participation rate ......................................................... 46.5 46.0 45.7 46.4 47.4 47.1 47.2 46.3 45.6

 Employed ...................................................................... 10,719 10,207 10,123 10,749 10,414 10,426 10,272 10,202 10,144

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 41.1 39.4 38.5 41.2 40.0 40.0 39.9 39.3 38.6

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,417 1,722 1,892 1,362 1,909 1,837 1,883 1,802 1,833

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 11.7 14.4 15.7 11.2 15.5 15.0 15.5 15.0 15.3

High school graduates, no college 1

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 38,838 38,013 37,808 38,588 38,073 38,059 37,917 37,759 37,607

 Participation rate ......................................................... 62.7 62.0 61.7 62.3 61.9 62.0 61.8 61.6 61.4

 Employed ...................................................................... 35,815 34,249 33,803 35,596 34,324 33,956 33,674 33,851 33,649

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 57.9 55.9 55.2 57.5 55.8 55.3 54.9 55.2 55.0

 Unemployed ................................................................. 3,023 3,764 4,005 2,992 3,749 4,104 4,243 3,908 3,958

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 7.8 9.9 10.6 7.8 9.8 10.8 11.2 10.4 10.5

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 36,867 37,228 36,796 36,939 36,667 36,732 36,899 36,946 36,892

 Participation rate ......................................................... 71.7 70.9 70.4 71.8 71.3 70.7 70.9 70.4 70.6

 Employed ...................................................................... 34,819 34,099 33,660 34,773 33,645 33,583 33,596 33,629 33,560

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 67.7 65.0 64.4 67.6 65.4 64.6 64.5 64.1 64.2

 Unemployed ................................................................. 2,048 3,128 3,135 2,166 3,022 3,149 3,303 3,318 3,332

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 5.6 8.4 8.5 5.9 8.2 8.6 9.0 9.0 9.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher 2

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 45,202 45,981 45,927 45,216 45,817 45,910 46,316 45,992 45,994

 Participation rate ......................................................... 77.9 77.4 77.2 78.0 77.0 77.3 77.4 77.4 77.3

 Employed ...................................................................... 43,619 43,888 43,752 43,544 43,650 43,686 44,116 43,743 43,707

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 75.2 73.9 73.5 75.1 73.4 73.6 73.7 73.6 73.4

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,583 2,093 2,175 1,672 2,167 2,224 2,200 2,249 2,288

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 3.5 4.6 4.7 3.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.9 5.0

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. 

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

(In thousands)

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2008

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2008

Aug.

2009

Sept.

2009

Oct.

2009

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries ................................... 2,068 2,039 1,952 2,185 2,095 2,009 2,041 2,086 2,056

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 1,162 1,281 1,228 1,242 1,252 1,177 1,263 1,331 1,308

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 883 740 707 943 821 796 736 752 755

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 23 18 17 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Nonagricultural industries ............................................... 141,282 137,093 136,001 140,975 137,285 136,752 136,311 136,357 135,717

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 132,518 128,049 127,003 132,022 128,168 127,650 127,312 127,160 126,539

 Government ................................................................ 21,415 21,466 21,128 21,393 21,124 20,978 21,161 21,233 21,110

 Private industries ........................................................ 111,103 106,583 105,875 110,629 107,094 106,662 106,173 105,856 105,428

 Private households ................................................... 782 776 736 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Other industries ........................................................ 110,321 105,807 105,139 109,816 106,273 105,885 105,401 105,097 104,666

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 8,701 8,973 8,915 8,915 9,032 9,009 8,960 9,111 9,135

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 62 72 83 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 2

All industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 8,250 8,894 9,354 8,090 9,077 9,158 9,240 9,225 9,165

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 6,340 6,524 6,758 6,068 6,895 6,815 6,882 6,684 6,453

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,562 2,132 2,286 1,617 2,065 2,081 2,084 2,238 2,346

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 19,719 19,208 19,082 18,964 18,768 18,590 18,632 18,354 18,364

Nonagricultural industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 8,110 8,796 9,222 7,972 8,946 8,983 9,158 9,137 9,055

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 6,250 6,446 6,672 5,990 6,797 6,695 6,797 6,616 6,378

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,553 2,124 2,267 1,616 2,046 2,063 2,033 2,241 2,349

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 19,405 18,871 18,740 18,647 18,383 18,251 18,317 18,066 18,056

1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their

jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or

industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who

usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for

reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Selected employment indicators

(In thousands)

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2008

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2008

Aug.

2009

Sept.

2009

Oct.

2009

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 143,350 139,132 137,953 143,188 139,433 138,768 138,242 138,381 137,792

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 5,058 4,233 4,272 5,207 4,740 4,627 4,448 4,450 4,403

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,743 1,349 1,381 1,794 1,694 1,569 1,417 1,409 1,425

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 3,314 2,884 2,891 3,420 3,043 3,070 3,041 3,036 2,987

 20 years and over ......................................................... 138,292 134,899 133,680 137,981 134,693 134,141 133,795 133,931 133,389

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 13,320 12,456 12,343 13,366 12,714 12,625 12,414 12,446 12,389

 25 years and over ....................................................... 124,972 122,443 121,337 124,638 122,042 121,551 121,440 121,539 121,012

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 97,781 95,033 94,030 97,537 94,903 94,345 94,272 94,318 93,791

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 30,885 30,072 29,875 30,807 29,951 29,795 29,811 29,793 29,794

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 32,731 31,209 30,831 32,639 31,444 31,236 30,966 31,031 30,744

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 34,165 33,753 33,325 34,091 33,507 33,314 33,495 33,494 33,254

 55 years and over ..................................................... 27,191 27,410 27,307 27,102 27,140 27,206 27,168 27,221 27,221

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 75,548 73,107 72,258 75,812 73,436 73,120 72,844 72,794 72,499

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 2,460 1,996 2,008 2,575 2,294 2,259 2,182 2,131 2,108

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 797 619 618 860 833 762 688 673 672

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 1,663 1,377 1,389 1,711 1,464 1,500 1,485 1,453 1,434

 20 years and over ......................................................... 73,088 71,112 70,251 73,237 71,142 70,861 70,662 70,662 70,391

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 6,760 6,291 6,127 6,868 6,483 6,402 6,257 6,301 6,234

 25 years and over ....................................................... 66,328 64,821 64,124 66,383 64,685 64,466 64,449 64,375 64,166

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 52,031 50,450 49,905 52,059 50,501 50,203 50,222 50,090 49,921

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 16,784 16,316 16,146 16,758 16,219 16,120 16,203 16,157 16,118

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 17,581 16,819 16,615 17,601 16,822 16,758 16,642 16,719 16,629

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 17,666 17,314 17,144 17,700 17,460 17,325 17,376 17,214 17,174

 55 years and over ..................................................... 14,297 14,371 14,219 14,324 14,184 14,263 14,227 14,285 14,245

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 67,802 66,024 65,694 67,376 65,997 65,648 65,398 65,587 65,293

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 2,598 2,238 2,265 2,632 2,446 2,368 2,266 2,318 2,294

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 946 730 763 933 861 807 728 736 753

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 1,651 1,507 1,502 1,709 1,579 1,570 1,555 1,583 1,553

 20 years and over ......................................................... 65,204 63,787 63,430 64,744 63,552 63,280 63,133 63,269 62,998

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 6,560 6,165 6,216 6,498 6,231 6,222 6,158 6,145 6,155

 25 years and over ....................................................... 58,644 57,622 57,213 58,255 57,358 57,085 56,992 57,164 56,846

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 45,750 44,583 44,125 45,478 44,402 44,142 44,050 44,229 43,870

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 14,101 13,755 13,728 14,048 13,732 13,675 13,608 13,637 13,676

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 15,150 14,389 14,215 15,038 14,623 14,478 14,324 14,312 14,115

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 16,499 16,439 16,181 16,391 16,047 15,989 16,118 16,280 16,080

 55 years and over ..................................................... 12,894 13,038 13,089 12,777 12,956 12,943 12,942 12,936 12,976

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 45,215 43,484 43,364 45,155 43,847 43,656 43,401 43,336 43,312

Married women, spouse present .................................... 35,835 35,082 35,198 35,622 35,151 34,891 34,736 34,867 35,004

Women who maintain families ........................................ 8,987 8,798 8,403 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 2 ......................................................... 116,422 111,274 109,875 116,832 112,117 111,361 110,817 110,901 110,254

Part-time workers 3 ......................................................... 26,927 27,858 28,078 26,362 27,636 27,459 27,511 27,400 27,466

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders ................................................. 7,432 7,222 6,886 7,433 7,079 7,047 7,017 7,060 6,910

 Percent of total employed ........................................... 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.0

1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more

per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35

hours per week.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates 1

Dec.

2008

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2008

Aug.

2009

Sept.

2009

Oct.

2009

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 11,400 15,340 15,267 7.4 9.7 9.8 10.1 10.0 10.0

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 1,368 1,627 1,634 20.8 25.7 26.1 27.6 26.8 27.1

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 558 569 608 23.7 26.5 28.2 30.2 28.8 29.9

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 821 1,071 1,041 19.4 25.2 24.4 25.7 26.1 25.8

 20 years and over ......................................................... 10,031 13,712 13,633 6.8 9.0 9.2 9.4 9.3 9.3

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 1,890 2,361 2,287 12.4 15.1 15.0 15.6 15.9 15.6

 25 years and over ....................................................... 8,095 11,264 11,237 6.1 8.4 8.6 8.7 8.5 8.5

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 6,691 9,171 9,176 6.4 8.8 9.1 9.2 8.9 8.9

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 2,579 3,436 3,383 7.7 10.4 10.6 10.7 10.3 10.2

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 2,073 2,909 2,953 6.0 8.2 8.8 9.0 8.6 8.8

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 2,038 2,827 2,841 5.6 7.8 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.9

 55 years and over ..................................................... 1,439 2,085 2,114 5.0 6.8 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.2

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 6,650 9,171 8,955 8.1 11.0 11.0 11.4 11.2 11.0

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 778 932 944 23.2 29.9 29.9 31.0 30.4 30.9

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 311 296 332 26.5 29.6 31.1 33.5 30.5 33.1

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 476 638 621 21.8 29.9 28.3 28.9 30.5 30.2

 20 years and over ......................................................... 5,871 8,239 8,011 7.4 10.2 10.3 10.6 10.4 10.2

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 1,154 1,415 1,407 14.4 17.0 17.2 18.6 18.3 18.4

 25 years and over ....................................................... 4,691 6,763 6,531 6.6 9.5 9.7 9.7 9.5 9.2

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 3,900 5,562 5,313 7.0 10.0 10.3 10.2 10.0 9.6

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 1,570 2,046 1,992 8.6 11.5 11.9 11.4 11.2 11.0

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 1,149 1,707 1,624 6.1 9.5 9.7 10.1 9.3 8.9

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 1,181 1,809 1,697 6.3 9.1 9.4 9.2 9.5 9.0

 55 years and over ..................................................... 791 1,201 1,217 5.2 7.5 7.3 7.8 7.8 7.9

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 4,750 6,169 6,312 6.6 8.3 8.5 8.8 8.6 8.8

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 590 695 690 18.3 21.4 22.2 24.0 23.1 23.1

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 247 274 275 20.9 23.3 25.1 26.8 27.1 26.8

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 345 433 420 16.8 20.2 20.2 22.4 21.5 21.3

 20 years and over ......................................................... 4,160 5,473 5,622 6.0 7.7 7.9 8.1 8.0 8.2

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 736 946 880 10.2 13.1 12.7 12.4 13.3 12.5

 25 years and over ....................................................... 3,404 4,501 4,706 5.5 7.1 7.3 7.6 7.3 7.6

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 2,791 3,610 3,863 5.8 7.3 7.7 8.0 7.5 8.1

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 1,009 1,390 1,391 6.7 9.1 8.9 9.9 9.3 9.2

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 925 1,202 1,328 5.8 6.6 7.9 7.8 7.7 8.6

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 857 1,018 1,144 5.0 6.3 6.5 6.4 5.9 6.6

 55 years and over 2 .................................................. 583 859 800 4.3 6.7 6.3 6.1 6.2 5.8

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 2,198 3,517 3,419 4.6 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.3

Married women, spouse present .................................... 1,711 2,105 2,154 4.6 5.5 5.8 5.9 5.7 5.8

Women who maintain families 2 ..................................... 948 1,131 1,258 9.5 12.2 11.6 12.9 11.4 13.0

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 3 ......................................................... 9,715 13,699 13,452 7.7 10.5 10.7 11.1 11.0 10.9

Part-time workers 4 ......................................................... 1,639 1,626 1,766 5.9 6.3 6.4 6.1 5.6 6.0

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2008

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2008

Aug.

2009

Sept.

2009

Oct.

2009

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs 6,878 9,130 9,822 6,729 9,814 10,236 10,261 9,965 9,701

On temporary layoff .................................................... 1,675 1,245 1,683 1,550 1,704 1,918 1,671 1,548 1,558

Not on temporary layoff .............................................. 5,203 7,884 8,140 5,179 8,110 8,318 8,590 8,418 8,143

Permanent job losers .............................................. 4,034 6,515 6,718 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Persons who completed temporary jobs ................ 1,169 1,369 1,422 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Job leavers ..................................................................... 928 921 860 1,007 835 869 909 929 932

Reentrants ...................................................................... 2,523 3,158 3,012 2,802 3,294 3,255 3,461 3,221 3,334

New entrants .................................................................. 670 1,198 1,046 820 1,096 1,134 1,114 1,270 1,270

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ........................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 62.5 63.4 66.6 59.2 65.3 66.1 65.2 64.8 63.7

On temporary layoff .................................................. 15.2 8.6 11.4 13.6 11.3 12.4 10.6 10.1 10.2

Not on temporary layoff ............................................ 47.3 54.7 55.2 45.6 53.9 53.7 54.6 54.7 53.4

Job leavers ................................................................... 8.4 6.4 5.8 8.9 5.6 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.1

Reentrants .................................................................... 22.9 21.9 20.4 24.7 21.9 21.0 22.0 20.9 21.9

New entrants ................................................................ 6.1 8.3 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.1 8.3 8.3

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 4.5 5.9 6.4 4.4 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.3

Job leavers ................................................................... .6 .6 .6 .7 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6

Reentrants .................................................................... 1.6 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2

New entrants ................................................................ .4 .8 .7 .5 .7 .7 .7 .8 .8

1 Data not available.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2008

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2008

Aug.

2009

Sept.

2009

Oct.

2009

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks .............................................................................. 3,227 2,583 2,871 3,294 2,992 2,938 3,131 2,774 2,929

5 to 14 weeks ..................................................................................... 3,390 3,296 3,335 3,535 4,093 3,838 3,671 3,517 3,486

15 weeks and over ............................................................................. 4,381 8,528 8,534 4,599 7,849 8,405 8,804 8,976 8,969

 15 to 26 weeks ................................................................................ 1,869 2,678 2,638 1,987 2,825 2,958 3,184 3,075 2,840

 27 weeks and over .......................................................................... 2,512 5,849 5,896 2,612 5,024 5,447 5,620 5,901 6,130

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .................................................... 19.5 29.4 29.0 19.6 25.2 26.5 27.2 28.6 29.1

Median duration, in weeks .................................................................. 10.5 20.2 20.2 10.7 15.5 17.8 19.0 20.2 20.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ............................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Less than 5 weeks ............................................................................ 29.3 17.9 19.5 28.8 20.0 19.4 20.1 18.2 19.0

 5 to 14 weeks ................................................................................... 30.8 22.9 22.6 30.9 27.4 25.3 23.5 23.0 22.7

 15 weeks and over ........................................................................... 39.8 59.2 57.9 40.2 52.6 55.4 56.4 58.8 58.3

 15 to 26 weeks ............................................................................... 17.0 18.6 17.9 17.4 18.9 19.5 20.4 20.1 18.5

 27 weeks and over ......................................................................... 22.8 40.6 40.0 22.9 33.6 35.9 36.0 38.7 39.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Dec.

2008

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2008

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2008

Dec.

2009

 Total, 16 years and over 1 ....................................................... 143,350 137,953 10,999 14,740 7.1 9.7

Management, professional, and related occupations ............. 52,548 52,131 1,802 2,509 3.3 4.6

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations ................................................................................ 21,928 20,944 888 1,157 3.9 5.2

 Professional and related occupations ...................................... 30,619 31,188 915 1,352 2.9 4.2

Service occupations ....................................................................... 24,371 24,216 2,057 2,747 7.8 10.2

Sales and office occupations ....................................................... 34,987 33,296 2,448 3,184 6.5 8.7

 Sales and related occupations .................................................. 16,354 15,478 1,233 1,520 7.0 8.9

 Office and administrative support occupations ...................... 18,633 17,819 1,215 1,664 6.1 8.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations .................................................................................... 14,202 12,617 2,063 2,802 12.7 18.2

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................. 901 869 201 242 18.3 21.8

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................ 8,025 7,106 1,522 2,067 15.9 22.5

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ 5,276 4,642 339 494 6.0 9.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations .................................................................................... 17,242 15,692 1,928 2,425 10.1 13.4

 Production occupations .............................................................. 8,421 7,420 992 1,281 10.5 14.7

 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 8,821 8,272 936 1,144 9.6 12.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Dec.

2008

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2008

Dec.

2009

 Total, 16 years and over 1 .................................................... 10,999 14,740 7.1 9.7

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .................... 9,030 11,997 7.5 10.2

 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ......................... 46 89 5.2 11.8

 Construction .................................................................................. 1,438 2,044 15.3 22.7

 Manufacturing ............................................................................... 1,315 1,747 8.3 11.9

 Durable goods ............................................................................ 839 1,245 8.0 13.3

 Nondurable goods ..................................................................... 477 502 8.8 9.5

 Wholesale and retail trade ......................................................... 1,535 1,851 7.2 9.1

 Transportation and utilities ......................................................... 421 539 6.7 9.0

 Information ..................................................................................... 219 256 6.9 8.5

 Financial activities ........................................................................ 540 665 5.6 7.2

 Professional and business services ......................................... 1,147 1,486 8.1 10.3

 Education and health services .................................................. 791 1,183 3.8 5.6

 Leisure and hospitality ................................................................ 1,210 1,624 9.5 12.6

 Other services ............................................................................... 367 513 6.1 8.2

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ...... 229 292 17.0 19.7

Government workers ..................................................................... 511 797 2.3 3.6

Self employed and unpaid family workers ................................. 559 609 5.5 5.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2009 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2007

Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2007 North American Industry Classification

System. No historical data have been revised.

Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

(Percent)

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2008

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2008

Aug.

2009

Sept.

2009

Oct.

2009

Nov.

2009

Dec.

2009

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the

civilian labor force ..................................................................... 2.8 5.6 5.6 3.0 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.9

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a

percent of the civilian labor force .............................................. 4.5 5.9 6.4 4.4 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.3

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force

(official unemployment rate) ................................................. 7.1 9.4 9.7 7.4 9.7 9.8 10.1 10.0 10.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the

civilian labor force plus discouraged workers ........................... 7.5 9.9 10.2 7.8 10.1 10.3 10.6 10.5 10.5

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other

marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all marginally attached workers ................................ 8.3 10.7 11.1 8.5 11.0 11.1 11.5 11.3 11.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent

of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers 13.5 16.4 17.1 13.7 16.8 17.0 17.4 17.2 17.3

NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither

working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job

and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a

subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not

looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are

those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a

part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS introduces new range of

alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly

Labor Review. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Total Men Women

Dec.

2008

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2008

Dec.

2009

Dec.

2008

Dec.

2009

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force .................................................................. 80,686 84,231 31,543 33,485 49,143 50,747

 Persons who currently want a job ...................................................... 5,180 5,939 2,432 2,896 2,748 3,043

Marginally attached to the labor force 1 ........................................ 1,908 2,486 1,000 1,384 908 1,102

Reason not currently looking:

Discouragement over job prospects 2 .................................. 642 929 367 594 276 334

Reasons other than discouragement 3 ................................. 1,266 1,558 634 790 632 768

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders 4 .................................................................. 7,432 6,886 3,743 3,369 3,689 3,517

 Percent of total employed ............................................................... 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.7 5.4 5.4

 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ................................. 4,176 3,641 2,288 2,010 1,888 1,632

 Primary and secondary jobs both part time .................................... 1,774 1,818 638 549 1,136 1,268

 Primary and secondary jobs both full time ...................................... 218 202 143 123 75 79

 Hours vary on primary or secondary job ......................................... 1,215 1,198 653 670 562 528

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and

were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training,

employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such

reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as

well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their

secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Dec. 

2008

 Oct. 

2009

 Nov. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2008

 Aug. 

2009

 Sept. 

2009

 Oct. 

2009

 Nov. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2009p

Change

from:

Nov. 2009-

Dec. 2009p

Total nonfarm ............................. 135,917 132,113 132,227 131,821 135,074 131,257 131,118 130,991 130,995 130,910 -85

Total private ........................................ 113,023 109,249 109,261 109,005 112,542 108,770 108,670 108,507 108,507 108,443 -64

Goods-producing ............................................ 20,469 18,700 18,538 18,221 20,532 18,583 18,488 18,379 18,321 18,240 -81

Mining and logging ................................................... 786 708 712 705 789 706 705 700 704 703 -1

Logging ........................................................... 56.1 52.8 52.8 51.4 55.7 51.2 51.9 50.5 50.7 50.4 -.3

Mining .................................................................... 730.3 655.6 659.1 653.2 733.3 655.1 653.2 649.9 652.8 652.7 -.1

Oil and gas extraction ........................................ 169.3 165.2 166.6 166.2 169.4 165.2 166.1 165.4 166.2 166.2 .0

Mining, except oil and gas ................................. 225.0 217.4 217.0 209.4 229.2 214.3 214.4 212.4 213.6 212.6 -1.0 1

Coal mining ...................................................... 85.1 77.5 77.4 77.0 84.5 78.9 78.5 77.3 76.9 76.4 -.5

Support activities for mining .............................. 336.0 273.0 275.5 277.6 334.7 275.6 272.7 272.1 273.0 273.9 .9

Construction ............................................................. 6,739 6,217 6,093 5,826 6,841 6,096 6,043 5,987 5,960 5,907 -53

Construction of buildings ................................... 1,571.6 1,421.0 1,403.8 1,369.9 1,572.9 1,406.1 1,391.9 1,381.6 1,381.1 1,369.6 -11.5

Residential building ......................................... 772.4 698.5 689.4 676.0 769.4 685.4 680.4 676.0 675.2 671.4 -3.8

Nonresidential building .................................... 799.2 722.5 714.4 693.9 803.5 720.7 711.5 705.6 705.9 698.2 -7.7

Heavy and civil engineering construction ........ 897.0 884.0 864.0 777.9 933.2 849.2 841.2 827.0 829.0 810.6 -18.4

Specialty trade contractors ............................... 4,270.1 3,912.1 3,825.6 3,678.2 4,335.2 3,840.2 3,810.0 3,778.5 3,750.1 3,726.5 -23.6

Residential specialty trade contractors ........... 1,851.1 1,739.5 1,706.7 1,638.3 1,883.6 1,691.4 1,690.3 1,681.2 1,677.7 1,662.9 -14.8

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors ..... 2,419.0 2,172.6 2,118.9 2,039.9 2,451.6 2,148.8 2,119.7 2,097.3 2,072.4 2,063.6 -8.8

Manufacturing ........................................................... 12,944 11,775 11,733 11,690 12,902 11,781 11,740 11,692 11,657 11,630 -27

Production workers ....................................... 9,202 8,284 8,259 8,208 9,174 8,265 8,243 8,211 8,192 8,164 -28

Durable goods ....................................................... 8,126 7,175 7,156 7,142 8,085 7,204 7,169 7,134 7,105 7,089 -16

Production workers ....................................... 5,663 4,913 4,906 4,888 5,633 4,924 4,906 4,882 4,863 4,847 -16

Wood products ................................................... 416.3 367.5 363.1 364.2 416.2 362.2 361.6 362.0 361.6 363.3 1.7

Nonmetallic mineral products ............................ 436.6 403.3 400.7 390.9 441.2 402.6 400.9 395.7 394.5 395.1 .6

Primary metals .................................................... 421.4 358.5 359.4 360.5 419.6 359.3 357.3 356.8 357.0 357.6 .6

Fabricated metal products ................................. 1,467.8 1,284.6 1,279.1 1,278.7 1,461.5 1,288.3 1,280.2 1,275.1 1,270.6 1,269.9 -.7

Machinery ........................................................... 1,159.2 984.7 981.2 981.6 1,150.2 997.5 989.8 981.3 974.1 969.6 -4.5

1 Computer and electronic products .................... 1,227.9 1,113.0 1,110.1 1,110.7 1,223.7 1,125.6 1,120.2 1,114.3 1,108.3 1,105.9 -2.4

Computer and peripheral equipment ............. 180.7 159.2 158.6 159.0 180.0 160.5 160.4 159.1 158.1 157.7 -.4

Communications equipment ........................... 129.4 125.2 124.2 124.8 129.1 125.7 126.1 125.0 124.0 124.4 .4

Semiconductors and electronic components . 419.4 362.2 363.4 364.4 417.4 367.6 365.2 363.7 362.6 362.4 -.2

Electronic instruments ..................................... 438.1 414.8 412.5 411.1 437.5 420.0 417.3 415.5 412.7 410.7 -2.0

Electrical equipment and appliances ................ 412.8 370.0 367.0 365.8 412.0 372.3 371.8 368.0 365.1 363.7 -1.4

1 Transportation equipment .................................. 1,518.5 1,333.3 1,334.5 1,335.8 1,501.8 1,330.0 1,326.9 1,326.7 1,320.1 1,315.7 -4.4

Motor vehicles and parts ................................. 797.0 671.7 674.7 674.9 781.5 661.6 660.1 664.5 660.1 655.2 -4.9 2

Furniture and related products .......................... 441.2 371.2 372.5 371.3 440.6 378.2 374.5 371.5 372.7 370.3 -2.4

Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................ 623.8 588.9 588.6 582.6 618.4 587.7 585.8 582.3 580.7 577.4 -3.3

Nondurable goods ................................................. 4,818 4,600 4,577 4,548 4,817 4,577 4,571 4,558 4,552 4,541 -11

Production workers ....................................... 3,539 3,371 3,353 3,320 3,541 3,341 3,337 3,329 3,329 3,317 -12

Food manufacturing ........................................... 1,482.6 1,500.6 1,484.7 1,470.4 1,477.6 1,476.4 1,476.3 1,473.9 1,471.0 1,466.9 -4.1

Beverages and tobacco products ...................... 193.1 195.1 188.9 186.2 195.8 189.8 189.7 189.8 189.2 188.7 -.5

Textile mills ......................................................... 136.0 121.4 122.3 122.0 136.8 122.3 121.8 121.1 121.7 122.3 .6

Textile product mills ........................................... 142.2 125.6 125.4 125.8 141.2 125.5 125.8 124.7 123.7 123.7 .0

Apparel ................................................................ 181.7 164.3 162.5 163.8 183.5 165.4 163.7 163.4 162.7 164.5 1.8

Leather and allied products ............................... 32.7 29.7 29.8 29.9 32.6 30.6 30.2 29.6 29.8 29.9 .1

Paper and paper products ................................. 434.6 403.1 402.9 399.4 433.4 405.7 405.4 402.1 401.0 397.8 -3.2

Printing and related support activities ............... 569.9 510.9 507.6 507.5 567.0 513.7 511.4 508.3 503.6 503.5 -.1

Petroleum and coal products ............................. 114.0 115.4 114.5 109.0 116.9 114.0 114.2 113.7 114.2 112.3 -1.9

Chemicals ........................................................... 836.7 800.4 805.8 803.0 837.1 803.4 802.5 802.3 804.9 801.8 -3.1

Plastics and rubber products ............................. 694.9 633.2 632.9 630.5 694.9 630.4 629.5 629.1 630.4 629.3 -1.1

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Dec. 

2008

 Oct. 

2009

 Nov. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2008

 Aug. 

2009

 Sept. 

2009

 Oct. 

2009

 Nov. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2009p

Change

from:

Nov. 2009-

Dec. 2009p

Service-providing .............................................. 115,448 113,413 113,689 113,600 114,542 112,674 112,630 112,612 112,674 112,670 -4

Private service-providing ............................... 92,554 90,549 90,723 90,784 92,010 90,187 90,182 90,128 90,186 90,203 17

Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................... 26,475 25,134 25,447 25,587 25,843 25,146 25,090 25,031 24,999 24,962 -37

Wholesale trade .................................................... 5,864.1 5,671.9 5,664.0 5,636.6 5,850.7 5,661.0 5,654.1 5,647.3 5,636.7 5,618.5 -18.2

Durable goods .................................................... 2,986.0 2,824.2 2,810.5 2,795.3 2,978.6 2,828.3 2,821.2 2,813.4 2,800.1 2,786.2 -13.9

Nondurable goods .............................................. 2,028.2 2,001.5 2,007.4 1,992.8 2,025.1 1,991.6 1,990.5 1,988.7 1,992.8 1,987.4 -5.4

Electronic markets and agents and brokers ..... 849.9 846.2 846.1 848.5 847.0 841.1 842.4 845.2 843.8 844.9 1.1

Retail trade ............................................................ 15,594.7 14,675.3 15,009.0 15,168.6 15,037.9 14,726.1 14,686.4 14,646.7 14,633.2 14,623.0 -10.2

Motor vehicle and parts dealers ........................ 1,728.7 1,680.2 1,661.1 1,656.0 1,745.6 1,674.7 1,668.4 1,668.4 1,667.4 1,669.8 2.4 1

Automobile dealers ......................................... 1,090.3 1,048.4 1,040.9 1,037.5 1,099.9 1,045.6 1,040.7 1,041.1 1,043.0 1,045.3 2.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores ............. 539.0 487.5 499.9 507.9 514.2 479.6 480.0 481.6 483.6 482.9 -.7

Electronics and appliance stores ....................... 561.3 510.5 524.2 528.2 538.6 513.0 511.5 507.3 505.7 505.4 -.3

Building material and garden supply stores ...... 1,196.7 1,157.3 1,150.1 1,142.0 1,227.8 1,169.7 1,167.8 1,164.8 1,164.6 1,168.1 3.5

Food and beverage stores ................................. 2,867.1 2,805.9 2,827.3 2,827.0 2,835.1 2,821.4 2,813.4 2,809.9 2,801.9 2,798.1 -3.8

Health and personal care stores ....................... 1,009.4 978.1 985.6 998.3 991.2 982.2 976.5 978.7 976.9 980.6 3.7

Gasoline stations ................................................ 833.1 830.5 824.2 825.2 834.4 834.4 830.1 830.5 825.6 826.1 .5

Clothing and clothing accessories stores ......... 1,592.9 1,419.8 1,512.3 1,571.9 1,448.5 1,410.9 1,411.3 1,416.2 1,421.4 1,421.1 -.3

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores ................................................................ 682.9 593.8 619.7 639.4 624.3 601.8 604.5 589.7 586.6 586.1 -.5

1 General merchandise stores ............................. 3,271.8 2,983.6 3,158.7 3,211.1 3,029.2 3,025.7 3,019.1 2,996.1 2,999.5 2,984.7 -14.8

Department stores .......................................... 1,700.6 1,505.7 1,636.9 1,685.9 1,521.2 1,524.2 1,524.4 1,510.2 1,515.9 1,510.3 -5.6

Miscellaneous store retailers ............................. 851.2 803.4 806.7 813.9 825.0 797.5 790.9 791.2 790.4 788.0 -2.4

Nonstore retailers ............................................... 460.6 424.7 439.2 447.7 424.0 415.2 412.9 412.3 409.6 412.1 2.5

Transportation and warehousing .......................... 4,452.8 4,218.2 4,207.8 4,216.1 4,389.9 4,192.3 4,182.2 4,168.5 4,161.7 4,153.7 -8.0

Air transportation ................................................ 476.5 461.3 459.1 456.7 477.8 463.5 461.7 462.0 459.5 457.2 -2.3

Rail transportation .............................................. 225.9 210.9 208.2 208.9 226.8 213.0 211.5 209.9 208.0 208.7 .7

Water transportation ........................................... 59.1 58.0 56.3 56.9 60.3 56.3 56.5 56.7 56.9 57.7 .8

Truck transportation ........................................... 1,347.9 1,274.4 1,261.4 1,251.1 1,340.8 1,261.2 1,261.7 1,253.5 1,249.9 1,246.6 -3.3

Transit and ground passenger transportation ... 425.2 414.7 417.5 415.2 410.1 405.4 400.5 400.5 402.6 400.7 -1.9

Pipeline transportation ....................................... 43.4 43.1 43.2 43.0 43.3 42.4 43.2 43.3 43.0 42.7 -.3

Scenic and sightseeing transportation .............. 23.2 27.9 22.9 21.3 27.2 28.1 28.1 26.7 26.1 25.9 -.2

Support activities for transportation ................... 581.8 539.1 537.6 535.9 579.5 533.0 534.6 532.7 533.7 532.4 -1.3

Couriers and messengers .................................. 601.3 545.4 551.4 579.6 564.6 549.0 545.5 547.0 545.6 544.5 -1.1

Warehousing and storage .................................. 668.5 643.4 650.2 647.5 659.5 640.4 638.9 636.2 636.4 637.3 .9

Utilities ................................................................... 563.7 568.2 566.4 565.8 564.6 566.5 567.5 568.1 567.4 566.5 -.9

Information ................................................................ 2,954 2,820 2,818 2,820 2,940 2,829 2,828 2,826 2,812 2,806 -6

Publishing industries, except Internet ............... 862.2 782.1 781.1 778.2 857.8 788.5 787.3 781.0 777.3 773.6 -3.7

Motion picture and sound recording industries . 380.3 382.4 383.7 391.9 377.2 384.3 385.0 389.3 385.6 388.3 2.7

Broadcasting, except Internet ............................ 310.8 289.2 292.8 290.6 308.1 288.7 289.6 288.3 290.3 287.6 -2.7

Telecommunications .......................................... 1,007.5 974.9 970.0 968.3 1,004.0 976.7 975.0 976.0 969.4 965.9 -3.5

Data processing, hosting and related services . 256.7 254.8 253.9 254.6 256.4 256.9 255.8 254.7 253.5 254.2 .7

Other information services ................................. 136.5 136.9 136.1 136.3 136.5 134.3 135.1 136.6 136.0 135.9 -.1

Financial activities .................................................... 8,009 7,699 7,683 7,705 8,010 7,714 7,703 7,697 7,691 7,695 4

Finance and insurance .......................................... 5,926.5 5,710.1 5,711.5 5,732.1 5,924.0 5,729.8 5,720.9 5,718.7 5,714.6 5,724.5 9.9

Monetary authorities - central bank ................... 21.1 20.3 20.3 20.3 21.3 20.3 20.3 20.6 20.4 20.4 .0

1 Credit intermediation and related activities ....... 2,679.2 2,583.4 2,584.7 2,596.0 2,680.8 2,594.4 2,589.1 2,589.1 2,589.8 2,593.6 3.8

1 Depository credit intermediation ..................... 1,805.4 1,763.5 1,766.3 1,772.1 1,804.9 1,767.4 1,766.1 1,765.7 1,768.6 1,769.2 .6

Commercial banking .................................... 1,351.1 1,318.2 1,320.7 1,325.5 1,351.8 1,320.8 1,319.7 1,320.0 1,322.8 1,323.6 .8

Securities, commodity contracts, investments .. 840.8 778.6 777.5 781.8 839.9 780.5 777.8 778.6 775.7 779.5 3.8

Insurance carriers and related activities ........... 2,294.5 2,241.0 2,243.1 2,247.6 2,292.0 2,247.6 2,247.2 2,244.0 2,242.6 2,245.3 2.7

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ........ 90.9 86.8 85.9 86.4 90.0 87.0 86.5 86.4 86.1 85.7 -.4

Real estate and rental and leasing ....................... 2,082.9 1,988.5 1,971.7 1,972.7 2,085.8 1,984.3 1,982.3 1,978.3 1,976.5 1,970.4 -6.1

Real estate .......................................................... 1,460.4 1,405.6 1,400.6 1,401.4 1,458.2 1,394.9 1,399.0 1,396.9 1,400.6 1,395.2 -5.4

Rental and leasing services ............................... 594.0 555.5 543.9 543.7 599.3 562.1 555.9 553.9 548.5 547.8 -.7

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets ......... 28.5 27.4 27.2 27.6 28.3 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.4 27.4 .0

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Dec. 

2008

 Oct. 

2009

 Nov. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2008

 Aug. 

2009

 Sept. 

2009

 Oct. 

2009

 Nov. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2009p

Change

from:

Nov. 2009-

Dec. 2009p

Professional and business services ........................ 17,406 16,861 16,892 16,896 17,356 16,618 16,642 16,675 16,764 16,814 50

1 Professional and technical services ..................... 7,840.8 7,568.2 7,593.4 7,651.1 7,797.2 7,587.8 7,588.5 7,588.4 7,596.5 7,605.3 8.8

Legal services .................................................. 1,160.5 1,118.9 1,116.8 1,117.8 1,156.8 1,127.2 1,124.8 1,118.7 1,116.2 1,114.1 -2.1

Accounting and bookkeeping services ........... 951.3 876.0 882.2 940.5 933.7 938.0 932.0 935.6 929.1 926.5 -2.6

Architectural and engineering services .......... 1,417.0 1,327.8 1,326.5 1,323.7 1,419.4 1,320.9 1,322.2 1,318.8 1,320.2 1,324.2 4.0

Computer systems design and related

services .......................................................... 1,475.1 1,481.2 1,482.8 1,486.4 1,466.8 1,461.3 1,465.6 1,471.8 1,473.7 1,477.1 3.4

Management and technical consulting

services .......................................................... 1,030.0 1,031.2 1,041.5 1,044.3 1,020.5 1,015.3 1,016.6 1,024.4 1,030.4 1,033.9 3.5

Management of companies and enterprises ....... 1,875.7 1,804.3 1,807.3 1,812.2 1,872.1 1,816.4 1,810.8 1,807.5 1,806.3 1,804.0 -2.3

Administrative and waste services ....................... 7,689.5 7,488.5 7,491.7 7,432.8 7,686.3 7,214.1 7,242.9 7,279.3 7,361.4 7,404.3 42.9

1 Administrative and support services ................. 7,328.7 7,121.2 7,125.9 7,068.3 7,324.4 6,851.6 6,877.8 6,914.9 6,996.9 7,039.3 42.4

1 Employment services ...................................... 2,887.8 2,665.3 2,698.4 2,726.1 2,829.5 2,465.6 2,486.9 2,529.5 2,594.6 2,650.3 55.7

Temporary help services ............................. 2,105.7 1,920.5 1,952.9 1,975.4 2,055.6 1,748.4 1,765.6 1,809.9 1,865.1 1,911.6 46.5

Business support services .............................. 833.8 791.8 802.7 805.0 816.0 784.5 787.0 785.6 789.4 784.9 -4.5

Services to buildings and dwellings ............... 1,745.4 1,810.8 1,776.9 1,695.7 1,818.1 1,765.3 1,764.8 1,763.0 1,766.5 1,763.3 -3.2

Waste management and remediation services 360.8 367.3 365.8 364.5 361.9 362.5 365.1 364.4 364.5 365.0 .5

Education and health services ................................ 19,242 19,564 19,642 19,626 19,080 19,312 19,348 19,384 19,421 19,456 35

Educational services ............................................. 3,186.1 3,235.1 3,270.7 3,231.2 3,063.1 3,077.7 3,074.3 3,084.6 3,095.1 3,105.9 10.8

Health care and social assistance ........................16,055.9 16,329.2 16,371.1 16,395.1 16,017.0 16,233.8 16,273.2 16,299.6 16,325.5 16,350.2 24.7

3 Health care ......................................................... 13,502.4 13,722.1 13,749.1 13,772.0 13,475.9 13,653.3 13,679.1 13,702.3 13,721.4 13,742.9 21.5

1 Ambulatory health care services .................... 5,758.0 5,896.7 5,913.6 5,939.0 5,742.6 5,855.8 5,873.4 5,885.2 5,899.0 5,921.8 22.8

Offices of physicians .................................... 2,304.9 2,346.5 2,346.5 2,360.1 2,294.5 2,335.3 2,339.0 2,339.1 2,340.3 2,349.2 8.9

Outpatient care centers ................................ 537.1 548.3 548.7 550.4 536.7 543.8 543.6 548.0 547.1 549.6 2.5

Home health care services .......................... 981.3 1,040.0 1,050.4 1,057.1 980.7 1,022.6 1,030.7 1,038.8 1,046.9 1,054.9 8.0

Hospitals .......................................................... 4,708.2 4,741.0 4,747.2 4,747.8 4,703.7 4,723.9 4,729.6 4,735.8 4,739.9 4,741.3 1.4

1 Nursing and residential care facilities ............ 3,036.2 3,084.4 3,088.3 3,085.2 3,029.6 3,073.6 3,076.1 3,081.3 3,082.5 3,079.8 -2.7

Nursing care facilities ................................... 1,621.2 1,640.1 1,640.1 1,639.3 1,617.3 1,634.9 1,636.5 1,637.8 1,636.1 1,636.2 .1

1 Social assistance ................................................ 2,553.5 2,607.1 2,622.0 2,623.1 2,541.1 2,580.5 2,594.1 2,597.3 2,604.1 2,607.3 3.2

Child day care services ................................... 875.5 867.4 871.9 869.5 864.3 856.3 859.4 856.4 857.0 856.2 -.8

Leisure and hospitality ............................................. 13,013 13,094 12,882 12,798 13,304 13,163 13,176 13,134 13,121 13,096 -25

Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...................... 1,799.5 1,859.6 1,761.3 1,747.4 1,947.1 1,893.2 1,922.8 1,900.8 1,900.0 1,890.8 -9.2

Performing arts and spectator sports ................ 387.8 398.8 382.9 378.1 401.4 395.2 399.1 399.1 394.7 392.0 -2.7

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks ...... 123.8 132.0 126.1 124.3 130.8 131.0 131.4 131.2 130.7 131.2 .5

Amusements, gambling, and recreation ........... 1,287.9 1,328.8 1,252.3 1,245.0 1,414.9 1,367.0 1,392.3 1,370.5 1,374.6 1,367.6 -7.0

Accommodation and food services ...................... 11,213.3 11,234.3 11,120.4 11,051.0 11,356.5 11,269.5 11,253.6 11,232.9 11,221.4 11,204.8 -16.6

Accommodation .................................................. 1,739.8 1,698.6 1,652.8 1,647.5 1,794.3 1,714.4 1,709.8 1,703.2 1,698.3 1,696.9 -1.4

Food services and drinking places .................... 9,473.5 9,535.7 9,467.6 9,403.5 9,562.2 9,555.1 9,543.8 9,529.7 9,523.1 9,507.9 -15.2

Other services .......................................................... 5,455 5,377 5,359 5,352 5,477 5,405 5,395 5,381 5,378 5,374 -4

Repair and maintenance .................................... 1,178.7 1,151.9 1,149.8 1,145.6 1,189.9 1,154.3 1,150.6 1,150.7 1,153.9 1,154.4 .5

Personal and laundry services .......................... 1,319.7 1,285.1 1,280.4 1,278.6 1,320.9 1,293.4 1,289.6 1,284.5 1,283.5 1,280.4 -3.1

Membership associations and organizations .... 2,957.0 2,939.8 2,929.0 2,927.6 2,965.7 2,956.8 2,955.1 2,945.6 2,940.3 2,939.3 -1.0

Government .............................................................. 22,894 22,864 22,966 22,816 22,532 22,487 22,448 22,484 22,488 22,467 -21

Federal ................................................................... 2,782 2,855 2,833 2,825 2,778 2,825 2,827 2,844 2,839 2,830 -9

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service ................. 2,044.9 2,158.9 2,152.2 2,157.1 2,057.3 2,129.3 2,137.0 2,161.0 2,163.7 2,167.0 3.3

U.S. Postal Service ............................................ 737.1 695.7 681.1 667.7 720.9 695.8 689.5 683.3 675.7 663.1 -12.6

State government .................................................. 5,297 5,335 5,352 5,279 5,196 5,172 5,173 5,179 5,180 5,177 -3

State government education .............................. 2,497.0 2,554.9 2,580.1 2,511.7 2,381.3 2,377.3 2,375.8 2,389.3 2,395.5 2,393.6 -1.9

State government, excluding education ............ 2,800.1 2,779.9 2,771.8 2,767.6 2,814.8 2,794.3 2,796.7 2,789.9 2,784.6 2,783.0 -1.6

Local government .................................................. 14,815 14,674 14,781 14,712 14,558 14,490 14,448 14,461 14,469 14,460 -9

Local government education ............................. 8,395.1 8,273.9 8,393.8 8,365.1 8,060.5 8,007.8 7,988.6 8,020.0 8,034.7 8,033.5 -1.2

Local government, excluding education ........... 6,419.5 6,400.5 6,387.6 6,347.3 6,497.7 6,481.7 6,459.1 6,441.4 6,434.1 6,426.0 -8.1

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor

vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing

and residential care facilities.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Dec. 

2008

 Oct. 

2009

 Nov. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2008

 Aug. 

2009

 Sept. 

2009

 Oct. 

2009

 Nov. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2009p

Change

from:

Nov. 2009-

Dec. 2009p

Total private ....................................... 33.2 33.1 33.5 33.1 33.3 33.1 33.1 33.0 33.2 33.2 0.0

Goods-producing .......................................... 39.4 39.4 39.9 39.7 39.4 39.4 39.3 39.1 39.6 39.6 .0

Mining and logging ................................................. 44.2 43.1 44.2 43.7 44.3 43.3 43.2 42.8 43.2 43.5 .3

Construction ............................................................ 37.3 37.3 37.9 37.1 38.0 37.9 37.5 36.9 37.7 37.7 .0

Manufacturing ......................................................... 40.3 40.4 40.7 40.9 39.9 39.9 40.0 40.1 40.4 40.4 .0

Overtime hours ............................................ 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.7 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.4 .0

Durable goods ..................................................... 40.5 40.4 40.8 41.2 40.0 39.9 40.1 40.2 40.5 40.5 .0

Overtime hours ............................................ 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.3 .1

Wood products .................................................. 36.7 38.0 38.2 38.5 36.8 37.7 37.8 37.8 38.1 38.4 .3

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 40.5 41.5 42.8 39.5 40.9 41.3 41.1 40.8 41.9 40.1 -1.8

Primary metals .................................................. 40.8 41.3 43.0 43.7 40.5 40.7 40.9 41.4 42.8 43.1 .3

Fabricated metal products .............................. 40.7 40.0 39.9 40.5 40.3 39.5 39.4 39.6 39.6 39.9 .3

Machinery .......................................................... 41.6 40.4 40.9 41.4 41.1 39.9 39.9 40.2 40.5 40.7 .2

Computer and electronic products ................ 41.2 40.7 41.3 41.7 40.4 40.5 40.5 40.6 40.8 40.8 .0

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 40.7 39.9 40.7 40.8 39.7 39.1 39.4 39.5 40.0 39.7 -.3

Transportation equipment ............................... 41.6 42.4 42.2 43.3 40.9 41.6 42.0 42.0 42.2 42.4 .2

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 40.7 42.5 41.9 43.5 39.9 40.8 41.3 41.9 41.9 42.3 .4

Furniture and related products ....................... 37.8 38.1 38.3 39.2 37.3 37.5 38.0 38.3 38.5 38.6 .1

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 38.5 38.6 39.2 39.2 38.3 38.6 38.6 38.6 39.0 38.9 -.1

Nondurable goods ............................................... 40.0 40.3 40.6 40.6 39.7 39.9 39.9 40.0 40.1 40.2 .1

Overtime hours ............................................ 3.3 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.6 .0

Food manufacturing ......................................... 40.2 40.5 40.7 40.7 39.8 40.1 39.9 40.0 40.2 40.2 .0

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 36.4 36.0 36.8 36.3 36.7 35.4 35.9 36.2 36.1 36.3 .2

Textile mills ........................................................ 37.3 39.3 40.3 39.7 37.0 37.9 37.9 38.9 39.7 39.3 -.4

Textile product mills ......................................... 37.7 38.0 37.8 38.5 37.1 38.1 38.3 38.1 37.8 38.1 .3

Apparel ............................................................... 36.1 36.2 36.8 36.2 36.0 35.6 36.0 36.1 36.3 36.1 -.2

Leather and allied products ............................ 35.4 35.8 35.9 35.8 34.7 33.7 33.2 34.8 35.8 35.1 -.7

Paper and paper products .............................. 42.6 42.4 42.7 42.6 41.9 42.0 42.4 42.1 42.2 41.9 -.3

Printing and related support activities ........... 38.5 38.7 38.8 38.8 38.0 38.7 38.4 38.2 38.3 38.3 .0

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 44.6 42.9 43.0 42.8 45.3 44.1 43.0 42.1 42.7 43.2 .5

Chemicals .......................................................... 41.3 41.7 42.0 42.2 41.1 41.4 41.4 41.7 41.7 41.9 .2

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 40.5 40.9 41.3 41.6 40.0 40.3 40.6 40.7 40.9 41.0 .1

Private service-providing ............................. 32.0 31.9 32.4 32.0 32.2 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.1 32.1 .0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 32.9 32.9 33.0 33.0 32.9 32.8 32.8 32.9 32.9 32.9 .0

Wholesale trade ................................................... 37.7 37.4 38.2 37.5 37.8 37.5 37.4 37.5 37.6 37.6 .0

Retail trade ........................................................... 29.9 29.9 29.8 30.0 29.7 29.8 29.8 29.9 29.9 29.9 .0

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 36.5 36.3 36.7 37.0 36.2 36.1 36.4 36.3 36.4 36.6 .2

Utilities ................................................................... 42.9 41.8 42.2 41.8 42.9 41.9 41.5 41.7 41.9 41.7 -.2

Information ............................................................... 36.9 36.3 37.3 36.5 37.0 36.4 36.4 36.3 36.7 36.5 -.2

Financial activities .................................................. 35.7 35.7 36.8 35.7 35.9 36.1 35.9 36.0 36.1 35.9 -.2

Professional and business services .................... 34.6 34.7 35.4 34.7 34.8 34.7 34.7 34.7 34.9 34.8 -.1

Education and health services ............................. 32.3 32.1 32.5 32.2 32.4 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.3 .1

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 24.5 24.5 24.8 24.4 25.0 24.6 24.8 24.6 24.8 24.8 .0

Other services ......................................................... 30.5 30.5 30.7 30.4 30.6 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 .0

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and logging and manufacturing,

construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory workers

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately

four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor

vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and 

selected industry detail

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

 Dec. 

2008

 Oct. 

2009

 Nov. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2008

 Oct. 

2009

 Nov. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2009p

Total private ....................................... $18.40 $18.73 $18.85 $18.82 $610.88 $619.96 $631.48 $622.94

Seasonally adjusted ..................... 18.40 18.74 18.77 18.80 612.72 618.42 623.16 624.16

Goods-producing .......................................... 19.75 20.07 20.09 20.08 778.15 790.76 801.59 797.18

Mining and logging ................................................. 23.53 23.21 23.12 23.52 1,040.03 1,000.35 1,021.90 1,027.82

Construction ............................................................ 22.52 23.01 22.87 22.87 840.00 858.27 866.77 848.48

Manufacturing ......................................................... 18.06 18.30 18.43 18.49 727.82 739.32 750.10 756.24

Durable goods ..................................................... 19.06 19.47 19.61 19.70 771.93 786.59 800.09 811.64

Wood products .................................................. 14.66 15.10 15.26 15.17 538.02 573.80 582.93 584.05

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 16.73 17.35 17.40 17.27 677.57 720.03 744.72 682.17

Primary metals .................................................. 20.05 20.36 20.61 20.52 818.04 840.87 886.23 896.72

Fabricated metal products .............................. 17.36 17.60 17.74 17.89 706.55 704.00 707.83 724.55

Machinery .......................................................... 18.15 18.56 18.75 18.87 755.04 749.82 766.88 781.22

Computer and electronic products ................ 21.44 22.04 22.24 22.18 883.33 897.03 918.51 924.91

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 15.88 16.48 16.60 16.55 646.32 657.55 675.62 675.24

Transportation equipment ............................... 24.58 24.87 24.91 25.01 1,022.53 1,054.49 1,051.20 1,082.93

Furniture and related products ....................... 14.92 15.00 14.97 15.19 563.98 571.50 573.35 595.45

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 15.60 16.21 16.63 16.63 600.60 625.71 651.90 651.90

Nondurable goods ............................................... 16.43 16.60 16.69 16.70 657.20 668.98 677.61 678.02

Food manufacturing ......................................... 14.26 14.51 14.48 14.50 573.25 587.66 589.34 590.15

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 19.95 20.60 20.84 20.60 726.18 741.60 766.91 747.78

Textile mills ........................................................ 13.80 13.60 13.18 13.22 514.74 534.48 531.15 524.83

Textile product mills ......................................... 11.72 11.41 11.63 11.78 441.84 433.58 439.61 453.53

Apparel ............................................................... 11.38 11.15 11.30 11.51 410.82 403.63 415.84 416.66

Leather and allied products ............................ 13.47 13.83 13.72 13.41 476.84 495.11 492.55 480.08

Paper and paper products .............................. 19.11 19.18 19.48 19.55 814.09 813.23 831.80 832.83

Printing and related support activities ........... 17.01 16.79 16.86 16.89 654.89 649.77 654.17 655.33

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 28.17 30.57 30.77 30.73 1,256.38 1,311.45 1,323.11 1,315.24

Chemicals .......................................................... 19.72 20.57 20.77 20.69 814.44 857.77 872.34 873.12

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 16.24 15.79 15.96 16.07 657.72 645.81 659.15 668.51

Private service-providing ............................. 18.09 18.44 18.58 18.55 578.88 588.24 601.99 593.60

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 16.14 16.56 16.62 16.54 531.01 544.82 548.46 545.82

Wholesale trade ................................................... 20.36 21.08 21.40 21.50 767.57 788.39 817.48 806.25

Retail trade ........................................................... 12.74 13.07 13.04 12.98 380.93 390.79 388.59 389.40

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 18.62 18.74 18.78 18.73 679.63 680.26 689.23 693.01

Utilities ................................................................... 29.28 29.83 30.06 30.32 1,256.11 1,246.89 1,268.53 1,267.38

Information ............................................................... 24.86 25.74 25.88 25.75 917.33 934.36 965.32 939.88

Financial activities .................................................. 20.50 20.96 21.18 21.12 731.85 748.27 779.42 753.98

Professional and business services .................... 22.01 22.37 22.67 22.61 761.55 776.24 802.52 784.57

Education and health services ............................. 19.23 19.59 19.58 19.64 621.13 628.84 636.35 632.41

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 11.05 11.22 11.31 11.37 270.73 274.89 280.49 277.43

Other services ......................................................... 16.27 16.44 16.48 16.57 496.24 501.42 505.94 503.73

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector 

and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total private:

 Dec. 

2008

 Aug. 

2009

 Sept. 

2009

 Oct. 

2009

 Nov. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2009p

Percent

change from:

Nov. 2009-

Dec. 2009 p

Current dollars ................................................ $18.40 $18.66 $18.68 $18.74 $18.77 $18.80 0.2

Constant (1982) dollars 2................................. 8.65 8.58 8.57 8.57 8.54 N.A.

Goods-producing .......................................................... 19.69 19.92 19.92 20.00 20.04 20.03 .0

Mining and logging ................................................................. 23.23 23.21 23.14 23.33 23.18 23.27 .4

Construction ............................................................................ 22.41 22.63 22.50 22.84 22.80 22.77 -.1

Manufacturing ......................................................................... 17.96 18.27 18.36 18.35 18.41 18.40 -.1

.....................................................

4 Excluding overtime 17.33 17.61 17.70 17.65 17.67 17.66 -.1

Durable goods ..................................................................... 18.94 19.41 19.49 19.52 19.59 19.59 .0

Nondurable goods ............................................................... 16.39 16.60 16.70 16.63 16.68 16.66 -.1

Private service-providing ............................................. 18.10 18.39 18.41 18.47 18.50 18.54 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................................... 16.31 16.54 16.53 16.58 16.63 16.69 .4

Wholesale trade ................................................................... 20.31 20.99 21.05 21.14 21.29 21.45 .8

Retail trade ........................................................................... 12.94 13.10 13.09 13.08 13.11 13.15 .3

Transportation and warehousing ...................................... 18.66 18.67 18.61 18.76 18.73 18.75 .1

Utilities ................................................................................... 29.16 29.79 29.71 29.79 30.02 30.12 .3

Information ............................................................................... 24.91 25.61 25.52 25.66 25.81 25.85 .2

Financial activities .................................................................. 20.53 20.85 20.90 20.98 21.05 21.14 .4

Professional and business services .................................... 21.97 22.48 22.57 22.54 22.49 22.55 .3

Education and health services ............................................. 19.20 19.49 19.52 19.59 19.59 19.61 .1

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................... 10.94 11.12 11.21 11.20 11.26 11.25 -.1

Other services ......................................................................... 16.29 16.37 16.41 16.46 16.48 16.53 .3

3( )

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers

(CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.

3 Change was -0.4 percent from Oct. 2009 to Nov. 2009, the latest month

available.

4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time

and one-half.

N.A. = not available.

p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Dec. 

2008

 Oct. 

2009

 Nov. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2008

 Aug. 

2009

 Sept. 

2009

 Oct. 

2009

 Nov. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2009p

Percent

change from:

Nov. 2009-

Dec. 2009p

Total private ....................................... 103.4 99.5 100.8 99.3 103.2 99.0 98.9 98.5 99.1 99.1 0.0

Goods-producing .......................................... 89.9 81.5 81.7 79.5 90.4 80.5 79.9 79.1 79.9 79.5 -.5

Mining and logging ................................................. 138.1 118.0 121.2 118.2 139.1 117.8 117.5 115.3 116.9 117.7 .7

Construction ............................................................ 95.9 88.5 87.9 81.4 99.8 87.2 85.5 83.4 85.0 84.4 -.7

Manufacturing ......................................................... 85.1 76.8 77.1 77.0 84.0 75.7 75.7 75.6 76.0 75.7 -.4

Durable goods ..................................................... 86.2 74.6 75.2 75.7 84.6 73.8 73.9 73.7 74.0 73.7 -.4

Wood products .................................................. 66.5 60.2 59.9 60.6 66.7 58.6 58.7 59.0 59.5 60.4 1.5

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 81.8 76.4 78.4 69.9 84.0 76.0 75.3 73.2 75.4 72.2 -4.2

Primary metals .................................................. 79.1 66.2 69.0 70.5 78.1 65.1 65.2 65.9 68.2 68.9 1.0

Fabricated metal products .............................. 95.2 80.7 80.2 81.2 93.8 79.7 79.1 79.2 78.8 79.3 .6

Machinery .......................................................... 96.6 76.9 77.6 78.9 94.8 77.2 76.5 76.4 76.4 76.6 .3

Computer and electronic products ................ 99.5 88.6 89.7 90.3 96.8 88.9 88.5 88.4 88.3 87.8 -.6

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 86.2 74.0 74.8 74.4 83.8 73.6 73.9 72.9 73.0 71.8 -1.6

Transportation equipment ............................... 81.4 71.7 71.5 73.6 79.0 69.8 70.6 70.7 70.7 70.8 .1

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 63.9 55.5 55.1 57.1 61.3 52.2 52.9 54.2 53.8 53.8 .0

Furniture and related products ....................... 67.0 55.4 56.3 57.1 66.1 55.9 56.1 55.9 56.5 56.1 -.7

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 87.0 82.2 83.5 82.2 85.9 81.7 81.5 81.2 82.0 80.8 -1.5

Nondurable goods ............................................... 83.4 80.0 80.2 79.4 82.8 78.5 78.4 78.5 78.7 78.6 -.1

Food manufacturing ......................................... 99.9 102.3 101.6 100.1 98.6 99.2 98.8 98.9 99.1 98.7 -.4

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 86.9 93.4 91.0 88.1 89.3 85.9 87.9 89.4 88.9 89.2 .3

Textile mills ........................................................ 40.7 38.7 40.0 39.1 40.7 37.2 37.3 38.1 39.2 38.9 -.8

Textile product mills ......................................... 66.1 59.1 58.8 59.7 65.0 58.9 59.4 58.7 58.2 58.6 .7

Apparel ............................................................... 51.0 43.8 44.2 43.7 51.3 43.8 43.4 43.4 43.7 43.8 .2

Leather and allied products ............................ 64.1 57.4 58.0 58.3 62.5 56.3 54.8 55.6 58.2 57.2 -1.7

Paper and paper products .............................. 81.4 74.7 74.6 73.8 79.8 74.2 74.8 73.9 73.4 72.3 -1.5

Printing and related support activities ........... 82.1 74.3 74.0 73.4 80.6 74.4 73.6 72.7 72.3 72.0 -.4

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 94.4 92.2 89.7 81.4 98.4 91.3 88.3 87.1 87.7 85.3 -2.7

Chemicals .......................................................... 92.1 88.1 90.0 90.7 91.8 88.2 88.0 88.7 89.6 89.9 .3

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 81.0 73.0 73.9 74.1 80.2 71.6 72.2 72.1 73.0 72.9 -.1

Private service-providing ............................. 107.1 104.3 106.2 104.9 107.0 104.2 104.2 104.1 104.5 104.6 .1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 103.4 97.6 99.3 99.9 100.6 97.4 97.1 97.1 97.1 96.9 -.2

Wholesale trade ................................................... 105.6 100.7 102.6 99.9 105.5 100.7 100.2 100.3 100.2 99.7 -.5

Retail trade ........................................................... 101.8 95.2 97.4 99.2 97.1 95.3 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 .0

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 106.7 100.3 101.2 102.3 104.2 99.2 99.7 99.1 99.3 99.8 .5

Utilities ................................................................... 99.8 97.0 97.3 95.7 100.2 97.2 96.2 96.7 96.7 95.9 -.8

Information ............................................................... 99.9 93.0 95.5 93.7 99.6 93.8 93.6 93.3 93.8 93.1 -.7

Financial activities .................................................. 105.6 101.8 104.6 101.8 106.2 103.0 102.3 102.6 102.7 102.3 -.4

Professional and business services .................... 110.5 107.1 109.5 107.3 110.8 105.3 105.3 105.6 107.0 107.1 .1

Education and health services ............................. 117.4 118.8 120.8 119.6 116.9 117.7 117.9 118.2 118.4 119.0 .5

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 103.2 103.9 103.4 100.9 107.8 104.9 106.0 104.6 105.4 105.1 -.3

Other services ......................................................... 97.3 96.2 96.4 95.5 98.3 96.7 96.6 96.2 96.3 96.4 .1

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and

motor vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The index of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing

the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the

corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates

are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and production

and nonsupervisory worker employment.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Dec. 

2008

 Oct. 

2009

 Nov. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2008

 Aug. 

2009

 Sept. 

2009

 Oct. 

2009

 Nov. 

2009p

 Dec. 

2009p

Percent

change from:

Nov. 2009-

Dec. 2009p

Total private ....................................... 127.1 124.6 127.0 124.9 126.9 123.4 123.5 123.3 124.3 124.5 0.2

Goods-producing .......................................... 108.7 100.2 100.6 97.7 109.0 98.2 97.5 96.8 98.1 97.6 -.5

Mining and logging ................................................. 189.0 159.2 163.0 161.7 188.0 159.0 158.2 156.5 157.5 159.2 1.1

Construction ............................................................ 116.7 110.0 108.5 100.5 120.8 106.5 103.8 102.9 104.7 103.8 -.9

Manufacturing ......................................................... 100.5 91.9 93.0 93.2 98.7 90.4 90.9 90.7 91.5 91.1 -.4

Durable goods ..................................................... 102.5 90.6 92.1 93.1 100.1 89.4 89.9 89.9 90.5 90.2 -.3

Nondurable goods ............................................... 96.8 93.9 94.6 93.7 95.9 92.1 92.6 92.2 92.7 92.5 -.2

Private service-providing ............................. 132.8 131.9 135.3 133.5 132.8 131.4 131.5 131.8 132.6 132.9 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 119.1 115.3 117.7 117.9 117.0 114.9 114.5 114.9 115.1 115.3 .2

Wholesale trade ................................................... 126.6 125.0 129.3 126.5 126.2 124.5 124.3 124.9 125.7 126.0 .2

Retail trade ........................................................... 111.2 106.6 108.9 110.4 107.7 107.0 106.6 106.5 106.8 107.0 .2

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 126.1 119.3 120.5 121.6 123.3 117.5 117.7 117.9 118.0 118.7 .6

Utilities ................................................................... 121.9 120.8 122.1 121.2 121.9 120.8 119.3 120.3 121.1 120.6 -.4

Information ............................................................... 123.0 118.4 122.3 119.4 122.8 119.0 118.3 118.5 119.8 119.2 -.5

Financial activities .................................................. 133.8 131.9 136.9 133.0 134.9 132.8 132.2 133.1 133.7 133.7 .0

Professional and business services .................... 144.7 142.6 147.7 144.3 144.9 140.8 141.4 141.6 143.2 143.7 .3

Education and health services ............................. 148.5 153.1 155.5 154.5 147.5 150.8 151.3 152.2 152.5 153.4 .6

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 129.5 132.3 132.8 130.3 133.9 132.5 135.0 133.1 134.8 134.3 -.4

Other services ......................................................... 115.4 115.2 115.8 115.2 116.6 115.3 115.5 115.4 115.6 116.1 .4

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The index of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by

dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate payrolls

by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate

payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory

worker employment.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change

(Percent)

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 271 industries

Manufacturing payrolls, 83 industries

1

1

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Time span

2005 ......................................................... 52.6 60.1 54.1 58.1 56.8 58.3 58.5 59.2 54.2 55.9 62.7 57.6

2006 ......................................................... 64.9 62.2 63.8 59.8 49.1 51.8 59.2 55.4 55.7 56.3 59.4 60.7

2007 ......................................................... 53.5 55.5 52.4 49.4 55.9 48.3 50.7 46.5 55.9 57.2 59.4 57.9

2008 ......................................................... 42.1 40.6 44.1 41.1 42.6 36.9 37.6 39.1 34.7 33.0 27.1 20.5

2009 ......................................................... 22.1 20.8 19.6 21.8 29.3 25.8 30.3 36.7 39.3 33.8 p 42.4 p 40.0

2005 ......................................................... 51.7 57.2 59.0 59.8 57.9 62.0 60.5 62.9 60.3 55.5 56.3 62.7

2006 ......................................................... 67.7 68.6 65.1 65.1 60.5 58.9 55.5 57.0 55.0 54.4 59.0 64.2

2007 ......................................................... 62.5 54.8 54.2 54.8 54.1 50.4 52.8 48.7 53.3 53.9 58.3 62.5

2008 ......................................................... 57.7 44.8 40.2 39.7 37.3 33.6 33.6 32.8 34.9 33.2 26.9 20.8

2009 ......................................................... 18.6 14.2 15.1 15.3 20.3 22.0 22.0 24.5 31.9 31.0 p 38.2 p 35.8

2005 ......................................................... 55.4 57.9 58.1 57.0 58.3 60.9 63.1 63.3 61.6 59.6 61.4 62.5

2006 ......................................................... 64.6 63.8 67.5 66.2 65.5 66.6 60.3 61.1 57.9 57.9 62.4 59.0

2007 ......................................................... 60.3 57.2 60.5 58.3 55.5 56.5 52.8 52.4 56.6 54.4 56.8 59.0

2008 ......................................................... 56.6 53.0 50.7 47.4 40.2 33.4 31.0 33.4 30.6 29.0 26.0 24.4

2009 ......................................................... 21.6 17.2 15.1 15.3 15.9 16.6 15.9 20.7 24.0 22.1 p 25.3 p 29.9

2005 ......................................................... 60.9 60.9 60.0 59.2 58.3 60.3 61.3 63.3 60.7 59.2 59.8 61.8

2006 ......................................................... 67.2 65.5 65.9 62.9 65.5 66.8 64.8 64.4 66.6 65.9 64.9 66.2

2007 ......................................................... 63.3 59.4 61.1 59.6 59.2 58.3 56.8 57.2 59.4 58.9 58.1 59.6

2008 ......................................................... 54.4 56.1 52.6 49.1 50.2 47.8 43.7 42.3 38.0 37.8 32.3 28.2

2009 ......................................................... 24.0 22.0 19.9 18.1 17.5 17.2 16.2 15.3 16.4 15.3 p 15.5 p 15.7

2005 ......................................................... 36.7 46.4 42.2 46.4 40.4 33.7 41.0 43.4 45.8 47.6 44.6 47.0

2006 ......................................................... 57.8 49.4 53.6 47.0 37.3 50.6 49.4 42.2 40.4 42.8 41.0 44.0

2007 ......................................................... 44.6 41.0 30.7 24.7 38.0 32.5 43.4 30.7 39.2 42.8 60.8 48.2

2008 ......................................................... 30.7 28.9 37.3 32.5 40.4 25.3 25.9 27.7 22.9 18.7 15.1 10.2

2009 ......................................................... 6.0 9.6 10.8 16.3 11.4 12.0 24.1 25.9 27.1 20.5 p 36.7 p 39.8

2005 ......................................................... 36.7 43.4 41.0 41.6 35.5 36.1 34.9 36.7 42.2 44.0 38.6 48.8

2006 ......................................................... 56.6 57.2 48.2 48.2 44.6 50.0 43.4 45.2 36.7 33.1 35.5 39.2

2007 ......................................................... 40.4 33.1 33.1 28.9 29.5 30.1 31.9 28.9 30.7 30.7 39.2 51.2

2008 ......................................................... 48.8 33.7 28.3 29.5 26.5 22.9 19.9 16.9 22.3 21.1 15.1 11.4

2009 ......................................................... 6.0 3.6 3.6 7.8 8.4 12.0 8.4 13.9 19.9 19.3 p 26.5 p 32.5

2005 ......................................................... 33.7 39.8 38.0 36.1 35.5 34.9 39.8 36.1 36.1 38.0 36.7 39.8

2006 ......................................................... 45.2 45.2 50.6 48.8 50.6 50.0 45.2 47.0 43.4 42.2 39.8 34.3

2007 ......................................................... 37.3 33.1 29.5 28.9 30.7 34.9 28.9 26.5 29.5 28.3 33.7 38.0

2008 ......................................................... 34.3 30.1 37.3 35.5 25.3 20.5 17.5 18.1 16.9 13.3 11.4 9.6

2009 ......................................................... 9.0 4.8 4.8 6.0 4.8 4.8 7.2 7.8 7.8 7.8 p 13.3 p 18.1

2005 ......................................................... 45.2 44.0 42.2 41.0 36.7 35.5 32.5 34.3 33.1 33.7 33.7 38.0

2006 ......................................................... 44.0 41.0 41.0 39.8 39.8 45.2 42.2 42.8 47.0 48.8 45.8 44.6

2007 ......................................................... 39.8 36.7 37.3 30.7 28.9 29.5 30.7 28.9 33.1 28.9 34.3 35.5

2008 ......................................................... 27.7 28.9 25.9 25.3 30.7 27.1 24.7 19.3 21.7 21.7 16.9 15.1

2009 ......................................................... 8.4 4.8 4.8 4.8 6.0 6.0 6.6 4.8 4.8 4.8 p 3.0 p 7.2

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and

unadjusted data for the 12-month span.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing

plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where

50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing

and decreasing employment.