NewsUnited States

Department

of Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212

Technical information: (202) 606-6179 USDL 97-76

Media information: (202) 606-5902 For release: 10 A.M. EST

Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/oshhome.htm Wednesday, March 12, 1997

WORKPLACE INJURIES AND ILLNESSES IN 1995

The incidence of nonfatal work-related injuries and illnesses fell in 1995 to the lowest rate

in nearly a decade according to a survey of private industry by the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

U.S. Department of Labor. A total of 6.6 million injuries and illnesses were reported during

1995, resulting in a rate of 8.1 cases for every 100 equivalent full-time workers. The rate was the

lowest since 1986 and declined for three years in a row for the first time since the early 1980s.

(See tables 1 and 4.)

The following tabulation on incidence rates for injuries and illnesses shows the decline in

rates per 100 full-time workers from 1992, the highest rate since 1979, to 1995:

1992 1993 1994 1995

 Private industry 8.9 8.5 8.4 8.1

 Goods-producing 12.4 11.9 11.9 11.2

 Service-producing 7.3 7.1 6.9 6.7

Among goods-producing industries, manufacturing had the highest incidence rate in 1995

(11.6 cases per 100 full-time workers), followed by construction (10.6 cases per 100 full-time

workers). This was the second consecutive year, and the second time in the more than 20-year

history of the survey, that the overall rate for construction fell below the rate in manufacturing.

(See table 5 and chart 1.) Within the service-producing sector, the highest incidence rate in 1995

was reported for transportation and public utilities (9.1 cases per 100 full-time workers), followed

by retail and wholesale trade (7.5 cases per 100 workers). (See “Background of the Survey” for a

discussion of the factors that can influence rate changes from one survey to the next.)
2

Chart 2. Workplace injury and illness incidence rates by type of

case, 1980-1995

Total cases

Lost workday cases Cases with days away from work

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

0

2

4

6

8

10

Cases without lost workdays

Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers

Chart 1. Nonfatal workplace injury and illness incidence rates

by industry division, 1992-95

Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers

Private

industry

Agriculture,

forestry,

& fishing

Private Mining Construction

industry

Finance,

insurance,

& real

estate

ManufacturingTranspor- Trade

tation

& public 

utilities

Services

1992

1993

1994

1995

1993

1992

1995

1994

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14
3

The 1995 findings announced today are the second in a continuing series of three annual

releases from the BLS safety and health statistical series. The first release, in August 1996,

covered work-related fatalities from the 1995 National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. In

June 1997, a third release will provide details on the more seriously injured and ill workers

(occupations, age, gender, race, and length of service) and on the circumstances of their injuries

and illnesses (nature of the disabling condition, part of body affected, event or exposure, and

primary source producing the disability). “More seriously” is defined in this survey as involving

days away from work.

Lost workday cases

Nearly 3 million injuries and illnesses in 1995 were lost workday cases, that is, required

recuperation away from work or restricted duties at work, or both. (See table 2.) The incidence

rate for all lost workday cases has declined steadily from 4.1 cases per 100 full-time workers in

1990 to 3.6 cases per 100 workers in 1995. (See chart 2.) Rates for cases with days away from

work have declined for five years in a row and, at 2.5 cases per 100 full-time workers in 1995,

was the lowest on record. By contrast, rates rose for cases involving restricted work activity only

over the same period, from 0.7 cases per 100 workers in 1990 to 1.1 cases in 1995.

Injuries and Illnesses

Injuries. Of the 6.6 million nonfatal injuries and illnesses in 1995, nearly 6.1 million were

injuries that resulted in either lost worktime, medical treatment other than first aid, loss of

consciousness, restriction of work or motion, or transfer to another job. Injury rates generally are

higher for mid-size establishments employing 50 to 249 workers than for smaller or larger

establishments, although this pattern does not hold within certain industry divisions. (See table 3.)

Eight industries, each having at least 100,000 injuries, accounted for about 1.8 million injuries, or

nearly 30 percent of the 6.1 million total. (See table 7.)

Illnesses. There were about 495,000 newly reported cases of occupational illnesses in

private industry in 1995. Manufacturing accounted for slightly more than three-fifths of these

cases. Sixty-two percent (308,000) of the workplace illnesses were disorders associated with

repeated trauma, such as carpal tunnel syndrome. (See “Background of the Survey” for

limitations on kinds of illnesses reported.) The number of repeated trauma cases reported in 1995

was 7 percent lower than the corresponding 1994 figure (332,000), the first decline in these types

of cases since 1982.

Background of the Survey

The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses is a Federal/State program in which

employer reports are collected from about 250,000 private industry establishments and processed

by state agencies cooperating with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational injury and illness

data for coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for railroad activities were provided by the

Department of Labor’s Mine Safety and Health Administration and the Department of
4

Transportation’s Federal Railroad Administration. The survey measures nonfatal injuries

and illnesses only. The survey excludes the self-employed; farms with fewer than 11 employees;

private households; and employees in federal, state, and local government agencies.

The annual survey provides estimates of the number and frequency (incidence rates) of

workplace injuries and illnesses based on logs kept by private industry employers during the year.

These records reflect not only the year’s injury and illness experience, but also the employer’s

understanding of which cases are work related under current recordkeeping guidelines of the U.S.

Department of Labor. The number of injuries and illnesses reported in any given year also can be

influenced by changes in the level of economic activity, working conditions and work practices,

worker experience and training, and the number of hours worked.

The survey measures the number of new work-related illness cases which are recognized,

diagnosed, and reported during the year. Some conditions (e.g., long-term latent illnesses caused

by exposure to carcinogens) often are difficult to relate to the workplace and are not adequately

recognized and reported. These long-term latent illnesses are believed to be understated in the

survey’s illness measures. The overwhelming majority of the reported new illnesses are those

which are easier to directly relate to workplace activity (e.g., contact dermatitis or carpal tunnel

syndrome).

The survey estimates of occupational injuries and illnesses are based on a scientifically

selected probability sample, rather than a census of the entire population. These sample-based

estimates may differ from the results which would be obtained from a census of the population.

The sample used was one of many possible samples, each of which could have produced different

estimates. The variation in the sample estimates across all possible samples that could have been

drawn is measured by the standard error.

For example, the 1995 incidence rate for all occupational injuries and illnesses of 8.1 per

100 full-time workers in private industry has an estimated relative standard error of about 0.6

percent or a standard error of less than 0.1. A relative standard error was calculated for each

estimate from the survey and will be published in a BLS bulletin that will be available later in

1997.

The data also are subject to nonsampling error. The inability to obtain information about

all cases in the sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, and definitional difficulties are

examples of nonsampling error in the survey. Nonsampling errors are not measured. However,

BLS has implemented quality assurance procedures to minimize nonsampling error in the survey.

The goods-producing sector consists of the following industry divisions: agriculture,

forestry, and fishing; mining; construction; and manufacturing. The service-producing sector

includes the following industry divisions: transportation and public utilities; trade; finance,

insurance, and real estate; and services.
5

Beginning with the 1995 survey, modifications were made in the methodology used to

adjust for survey nonresponse and data outliers and to benchmark the survey results. These

changes were found to have minimal impact on the survey stimates.
Table 1. Nonfatal occupational injury and illness incidence rates per 100 full-time workers,1 by industry division, 1995

Industry division Total

cases

Lost workday cases

Cases

without lost

Total 2 workdays

With

days away

from work 3

Private industry 4 ................................................... 8.1 3.6 2.5 4.4

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 4 ............................. 9.7 4.3 3.4 5.4

Mining 5 ..................................................................... 6.2 3.9 3.3 2.4

Construction .............................................................. 10.6 4.9 4.2 5.8

Manufacturing ........................................................... 11.6 5.3 2.9 6.3

Durable goods ......................................................... 12.8 5.6 3.1 7.2

Nondurable goods ................................................... 9.9 4.9 2.5 4.9

Transportation and public utilities 5 ........................... 9.1 5.2 3.9 3.9

Wholesale and retail trade ........................................ 7.5 3.2 2.4 4.3

Wholesale trade ....................................................... 7.5 3.6 2.6 3.9

Retail trade .............................................................. 7.5 3.0 2.3 4.5

Finance, insurance, and real estate .......................... 2.6 1.0 .8 1.6

Services .................................................................... 6.4 2.8 2.0 3.6

1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and

illnesses per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as: 

(N/EH) x 200,000, where 

 

N =number of injuries and illnesses 

EH =total hours worked by all employees during 

 the calendar year 

200,000 =base for 100 equivalent full-time workers 

 (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks 

 per year). 

2 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in

addition to days-away-from-work cases with or without restricted

work activity. 3 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in

days away from work with or without restricted work activity.

4 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 5 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in

coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad

transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health

Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad

Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent

mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal

mining industries.

 NOTE: Because of rounding, components may not add to the

totals.

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

6
Table 2. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses, by industry division, 1995

Industry division

Total

cases

(000’s)

Lost workday cases

Cases

without lost

workdays

(000’s)

Total 1

(000’s)

With

days away

from work 2

(000’s)

INJURIES AND ILLNESSES

Private industry 3 ........................................... 6,575.4 2,972.1 2,040.9 3,603.2

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3 ..................... 120.8 53.5 42.1 67.2

Mining 4 ............................................................. 37.8 23.4 19.8 14.4

Construction ...................................................... 484.9 221.9 190.6 262.9

Manufacturing ................................................... 2,122.6 970.7 527.5 1,151.9

Durable goods ................................................. 1,370.1 595.2 336.0 774.9

Nondurable goods ........................................... 752.4 375.5 191.5 376.9

Transportation and public utilities 4 ................... 523.6 299.2 222.9 224.3

Wholesale and retail trade ................................ 1,632.1 693.8 515.6 938.3

Wholesale trade ............................................... 458.9 221.6 159.9 237.3

Retail trade ...................................................... 1,173.2 472.2 355.7 701.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate .................. 155.5 59.3 47.2 96.2

Services ............................................................ 1,498.1 650.2 475.3 847.9

INJURIES

Private industry 3 ........................................... 6,080.6 2,767.6 1,934.3 3,313.0

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3 ..................... 115.4 51.7 40.8 63.7

Mining 4 ............................................................. 36.3 22.8 19.3 13.4

Construction ...................................................... 476.2 217.9 186.8 258.2

Manufacturing ................................................... 1,818.3 838.1 475.5 980.2

Durable goods ................................................. 1,181.7 520.4 303.6 661.4

Nondurable goods ........................................... 636.6 317.7 171.9 318.8

Transportation and public utilities 4 ................... 502.0 289.2 215.1 212.8

Wholesale and retail trade ................................ 1,583.9 674.3 501.1 909.6

Wholesale trade ............................................... 445.8 214.7 155.0 231.1

Retail trade ...................................................... 1,138.1 459.6 346.2 678.5

Finance, insurance, and real estate .................. 138.3 52.2 41.6 86.1

Services ............................................................ 1,410.2 621.4 454.0 788.9

ILLNESSES

Private industry 3 ........................................... 494.8 204.5 106.6 290.3

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3 ..................... 5.4 1.9 1.3 3.5

Mining 4 ............................................................. 1.5 .6 .5 .9

Construction ...................................................... 8.7 4.0 3.8 4.7

Manufacturing ................................................... 304.3 132.6 51.9 171.7

Durable goods ................................................. 188.4 74.8 32.4 113.6

Nondurable goods ........................................... 115.9 57.8 19.5 58.1

Transportation and public utilities 4 ................... 21.6 10.1 7.8 11.6

Wholesale and retail trade ................................ 48.2 19.5 14.4 28.7

Wholesale trade ............................................... 13.1 6.9 4.9 6.2

Retail trade ...................................................... 35.1 12.5 9.6 22.5

Finance, insurance, and real estate .................. 17.2 7.1 5.6 10.1

Services ............................................................ 87.9 28.8 21.3 59.1

1 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in

addition to days-away-from-work cases with or without restricted

work activity. 2 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days

away from work with or without restricted work activity. 3 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 4 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in

coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad

transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health

Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad

Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent

mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal

mining industries.

 NOTE: Because of rounding, components may not add to the

totals.

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

7
Table 3. Nonfatal occupational injury incidence rates per 100 full-time workers,1 by industry division and employment size, 1995

Industry division

All

establishments

Establishment employment size (workers)

1

to

10

11

to

49

50

to

249

250

to

999

1,000

or

more

Private industry 2 ................................. 7.5 3.0 6.5 9.6 8.5 7.8

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 2 ........... 9.3 6.1 9.7 10.7 9.2 8.9

Mining 3 ................................................... 6.0 4.2 6.7 6.6 5.0 –

Construction ............................................ 10.4 6.3 12.1 12.3 9.6 2.9

Manufacturing ......................................... 9.9 4.5 9.6 11.7 9.3 9.3

Durable goods ....................................... 11.0 5.9 11.5 13.3 9.9 10.1

Nondurable goods ................................. 8.3 2.5 6.6 9.8 8.5 7.5

Transportation and public utilities 3 ......... 8.7 3.8 7.3 10.3 8.5 9.9

Wholesale and retail trade ...................... 7.3 2.8 6.4 9.7 10.3 7.7

Wholesale trade ..................................... 7.3 3.4 6.4 10.0 9.6 6.6

Retail trade ............................................ 7.2 2.6 6.4 9.6 10.6 7.9

Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ 2.3 1.8 2.6 2.9 2.5 1.5

Services .................................................. 6.1 2.0 3.9 8.5 7.7 7.5

1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries per 100 

 full-time workers and were calculated as: (N/EH) x 200,000, where

 

N =number of injuries 

EH =total hours worked by all employees during 

 the calendar year 

200,000 =base for 100 equivalent full-time workers 

 (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year). 

 2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees.

3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in

coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad

transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health

Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad

Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent

mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal

mining industries. – Data not available.

 SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

8
Table 4. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates per 100 full-time workers,1 1973-952

Year

Injuries and illnesses Injuries

Total

cases

Lost workday cases

Cases

without lost

workdays

Total

cases

Lost workday cases

Cases

without lost

Total 3 workdays

With

days away

from work 4

Total 3

With

days away

from work 4

1973 .......................... 11.0 3.4 – 7.5 10.6 3.3 – 7.3

1974 .......................... 10.4 3.5 – 6.9 10.0 3.4 – 6.6

1975 .......................... 9.1 3.3 3.2 5.8 8.8 3.2 3.1 5.6

1976 .......................... 9.2 3.5 3.3 5.7 8.9 3.4 3.2 5.5

1977 .......................... 9.3 3.8 3.6 5.5 9.0 3.7 3.5 5.3

1978 5 ....................... 9.4 4.1 3.8 5.3 9.2 4.0 3.7 5.2

1979 5 ....................... 9.5 4.3 4.0 5.2 9.2 4.2 3.9 5.0

1980 .......................... 8.7 4.0 3.7 4.7 8.5 3.9 3.6 4.6

1981 .......................... 8.3 3.8 3.5 4.5 8.1 3.7 3.4 4.4

1982 .......................... 7.7 3.5 3.2 4.2 7.6 3.4 3.2 4.1

1983 5 ....................... 7.6 3.4 3.2 4.2 7.5 3.4 3.1 4.1

1984 5 ....................... 8.0 3.7 3.4 4.3 7.8 3.6 3.3 4.2

1985 .......................... 7.9 3.6 3.3 4.3 7.7 3.6 3.3 4.2

1986 .......................... 7.9 3.6 3.3 4.3 7.7 3.6 3.3 4.2

1987 .......................... 8.3 3.8 3.4 4.4 8.0 3.7 3.3 4.3

1988 .......................... 8.6 4.0 3.5 4.6 8.3 3.8 3.4 4.4

1989 .......................... 8.6 4.0 3.4 4.6 8.2 3.9 3.3 4.4

1990 .......................... 8.8 4.1 3.4 4.7 8.3 3.9 3.3 4.5

1991 .......................... 8.4 3.9 3.2 4.5 7.9 3.7 3.1 4.2

1992 6 ....................... 8.9 3.9 3.0 5.0 8.3 3.6 2.9 4.7

1993 6 ....................... 8.5 3.8 2.9 4.8 7.9 3.5 2.7 4.4

1994 6 ....................... 8.4 3.8 2.8 4.6 7.7 3.5 2.6 4.2

1995 6 ....................... 8.1 3.6 2.5 4.4 7.5 3.4 2.4 4.1

1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and

illnesses per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as: 

(N/EH) x 200,000, where 

N =number of injuries and illnesses 

EH =total hours worked by all employees during 

 the calendar year 

200,000 =base for 100 equivalent full-time workers 

 (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks 

 per year). 

2 Data for 1973-1975 are based on the Standard Industrial

Classification Manual, 1967 Edtiiton; data for 1976-1987 are based

on the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1972 Edition; and

data for 1988-1995 are based on the Standard Industrial

Classification Manual, 1987 Edition.

3 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in

addition to days-away-from-work cases with or without restricted

work activity. 4 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days

away from work with or without restricted work activity. 5 To maintain historical comparability with the rest of the series,

data for small nonfarm employers in low-risk industries who were not

surveyed were imputed and included in the survey estimates. 6 Data exclude fatal work-related injuries and illnesses.

 NOTE: Because of rounding, components may not add to the

totals. Data for 1976-1995 exclude farms with fewer than 11

employees. 

 – Data not available. 

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

9
Table 5. Nonfatal occupational injury and illness incidence rates per 100 full-time workers,1 by industry division, 1992-95

Industry division

Total cases

Lost workday cases

Cases without lost workdays

Total 2 With days away from work 3

1992 1993 1994 1995 1992 1993 1994 1995 1992 1993 1994 1995 1992 1993 1994 1995

 Private industry 4 .............................. 8.9 8.5 8.4 8.1 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.5 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.4Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 4 .......... 11.6 11.2 10.0 9.7 5.4 5.0 4.7 4.3 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.4 6.2 6.2 5.2 5.4

Mining 5 .................................................. 7.3 6.8 6.3 6.2 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 2.9 2.4 2.4

Construction ........................................... 13.1 12.2 11.8 10.6 5.8 5.5 5.5 4.9 5.3 4.9 4.9 4.2 7.3 6.7 6.3 5.8Manufacturing ......................................... 12.5 12.1 12.2 11.6 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.3 3.5 3.3 3.2 2.9 7.1 6.8 6.8 6.3 Durable goods ...................................... 13.4 13.1 13.5 12.8 5.5 5.4 5.7 5.6 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.1 7.9 7.7 7.8 7.2 Nondurable goods ................................ 11.3 10.7 10.5 9.9 5.3 5.0 5.1 4.9 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.5 6.0 5.7 5.3 4.9Transportation and public utilities 5 ........ 9.1 9.5 9.3 9.1 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.2 4.2 4.3 4.2 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9

Wholesale and retail trade ...................... 8.4 8.1 7.9 7.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.4 4.9 4.7 4.4 4.3 Wholesale trade .................................... 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.6 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.9 Retail trade ........................................... 8.7 8.2 7.9 7.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.3 5.3 4.9 4.6 4.5Finance, insurance, and real estate ....... 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.6 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 .9 .8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6Services .................................................. 7.1 6.7 6.5 6.4 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.0 4.2 3.9 3.7 3.6

1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses per 100 full-time

workers and were calculated as: (N/EH) x 200,000, where 

N =number of injuries and illnesses EH =total hours worked by all employees during the calendar year 200,000 =base for 100 equivalent full-time workers (working 40 hours per week,  50 weeks per year). 

2 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in addition to 

days-away-from-work cases with or without restricted work activity. 3 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from workwith or without restricted work activity.

4 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 5 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and

nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by theMine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the FederalRailroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent miningcontractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries. NOTE: Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

10
Table 6. Nonfatal occupational injury incidence rates per 100 full-time workers,1 by industry, 1995

Industry 2 SIC

code 3

Annual

average

employment 4

(000’s)

Total

cases

Lost workday cases

Cases

without lost

Total 5 workdays

With

days away

from work 6

Private industry 7 ........................................... 96,886.0 7.5 3.4 2.4 4.1

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 7 ..................... 1,641.3 9.3 4.2 3.3 5.1

Agricultural production 7 .................................... 01-02 734.9 9.9 4.5 3.4 5.3

Agricultural production-crops 7 ........................ 01 566.6 9.3 4.4 3.3 4.9

Agricultural production-livestock 7 ................... 02 168.3 11.8 5.1 3.8 6.7

Agricultural services ........................................ 07 869.1 8.9 3.9 3.2 5.0

Forestry ........................................................... 08 24.4 9.3 4.7 4.2 4.6

Fishing, hunting, and trapping ......................... 09 12.9 8.4 5.0 4.0 3.4

Mining 8 ............................................................. 582.4 6.0 3.8 3.2 2.2

Metal mining 8 .................................................. 10 51.4 4.9 2.8 1.8 2.2

Coal mining 8 ................................................... 12 104.5 8.7 6.6 6.2 2.0

Oil and gas extraction ..................................... 13 319.5 5.6 3.3 2.7 2.3

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 8 ............... 14 107.0 5.3 3.2 2.5 2.1

Construction ...................................................... 5,088.1 10.4 4.8 4.1 5.7

General building contractors ............................ 15 1,202.0 9.6 4.3 3.7 5.3

Heavy construction, except building ................ 16 748.9 9.6 4.7 3.8 4.9

Special trade contractors ................................. 17 3,137.2 10.9 5.0 4.3 6.0

Manufacturing ................................................... 18,473.4 9.9 4.6 2.6 5.3

Durable goods ................................................... 10,658.9 11.0 4.9 2.8 6.2

Lumber and wood products ............................. 24 767.0 14.2 6.7 4.5 7.4

Furniture and fixtures ....................................... 25 508.9 12.5 5.7 3.1 6.8

Stone, clay, and glass products ....................... 32 539.5 11.3 5.3 3.3 6.0

Primary metal industries .................................. 33 708.1 14.9 6.7 4.0 8.2

Fabricated metal products ............................... 34 1,438.4 14.5 6.3 3.8 8.1

Industrial machinery and equipment ................ 35 2,060.8 10.1 4.0 2.5 6.1

Electronic and other electric equipment .......... 36 1,624.0 6.0 2.6 1.4 3.4

Transportation equipment ................................ 37 1,783.0 14.2 6.4 3.2 7.9

Instruments and related products .................... 38 838.0 4.0 1.8 1.0 2.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries .......... 39 391.2 8.0 3.6 2.3 4.3

Nondurable goods ............................................. 7,814.4 8.3 4.2 2.3 4.2

Food and kindred products .............................. 20 1,680.1 13.0 6.9 3.5 6.1

Tobacco products ............................................ 21 40.8 5.2 2.5 1.7 2.7

Textile mill products ......................................... 22 666.5 7.0 3.6 1.4 3.4

Apparel and other textile products ................... 23 933.1 6.3 2.7 1.6 3.6

Paper and allied products ................................ 26 691.8 7.8 3.9 2.1 3.9

Printing and publishing .................................... 27 1,541.0 5.8 2.7 1.8 3.1

Chemicals and allied products ......................... 28 1,033.6 4.8 2.4 1.2 2.4

Petroleum and coal products ........................... 29 145.1 4.6 2.3 1.2 2.3

Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products .. 30 977.0 11.7 5.8 3.2 5.9

Leather and leather products ........................... 31 105.5 9.0 3.7 2.3 5.2

Transportation and public utilities 8 ................... 5,857.8 8.7 5.0 3.7 3.7

Railroad transportation 8 .................................. 40 – 4.1 3.2 2.7 1.0

Local and interurban passenger transit ........... 41 397.5 9.9 5.6 4.8 4.3

Trucking and warehousing .............................. 42 1,874.7 13.6 8.0 5.8 5.6

Water transportation ........................................ 44 177.8 8.8 4.8 4.5 4.0

Transportation by air ........................................ 45 776.0 13.1 7.9 6.3 5.2

Pipelines, except natural gas ........................... 46 15.0 1.6 .8 .7 .8

Transportation services ................................... 47 407.2 4.4 2.4 1.7 2.0

Communications .............................................. 48 1,304.3 2.7 1.5 1.2 1.2

Electric, gas, and sanitary services ................. 49 904.5 7.0 3.5 2.0 3.5

See footnotes at end of table.

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Table 6. Nonfatal occupational injury incidence rates per 100 full-time workers,1 by industry, 1995 — Continued

Industry 2 SIC

code 3

Annual

average

employment 4

(000’s)

Total

cases

Lost workday cases

Cases

without lost

Total 5 workdays

With

days away

from work 6

Wholesale and retail trade ................................ 27,563.7 7.3 3.1 2.3 4.2

Wholesale trade ................................................ 6,389.8 7.3 3.5 2.5 3.8

Wholesale trade--durable goods ..................... 50 3,724.7 6.6 3.0 2.2 3.6

Wholesale trade--nondurable goods ............... 51 2,665.1 8.3 4.3 3.1 4.0

Retail trade ........................................................ 21,173.9 7.2 2.9 2.2 4.3

Building materials and garden supplies ........... 52 860.2 9.3 4.5 3.1 4.8

General merchandise stores ........................... 53 2,662.6 10.0 5.0 3.1 5.0

Food stores ...................................................... 54 3,359.3 9.0 3.7 2.8 5.2

Automotive dealers and service stations ......... 55 2,187.8 6.7 2.5 2.1 4.2

Apparel and accessory stores ......................... 56 1,143.9 3.7 1.5 1.0 2.2

Furniture and homefurnishings stores ............. 57 947.8 5.6 2.6 2.0 2.9

Eating and drinking places .............................. 58 7,351.9 7.4 2.4 2.0 4.9

Miscellaneous retail ......................................... 59 2,660.3 4.0 1.8 1.3 2.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate .................. 6,617.6 2.3 .9 .7 1.4

Depository institutions ..................................... 60 2,020.8 1.9 .5 .4 1.4

Nondepository institutions ............................... 61 462.5 1.1 .4 .3 .7

Security and commodity brokers ..................... 62 522.5 .7 .2 .2 .5

Insurance carriers ............................................ 63 1,372.1 1.8 .6 .5 1.2

Insurance agents, brokers, and service ........... 64 694.6 1.0 .4 .3 .7

Real estate ...................................................... 65 1,342.8 5.5 2.5 1.9 3.0

Holding and other investment offices .............. 67 202.3 2.4 1.0 .7 1.3

Services ............................................................ 30,920.3 6.1 2.7 2.0 3.4

Hotels and other lodging places ...................... 70 1,662.0 9.3 4.1 2.7 5.2

Personal services ............................................ 72 1,166.2 3.8 1.8 1.3 2.0

Business services ............................................ 73 6,798.8 4.3 2.0 1.5 2.4

Auto repair, services, and parking ................... 75 1,015.1 6.5 2.8 2.3 3.8

Miscellaneous repair services ......................... 76 359.1 7.9 3.7 2.9 4.3

Motion pictures ................................................ 78 489.9 3.1 1.0 .7 2.2

Amusement and recreation services ............... 79 1,454.7 9.0 4.2 2.5 4.9

Health services ................................................ 80 9,203.1 8.6 3.8 2.7 4.8

Legal services .................................................. 81 923.4 .8 .3 .2 .5

Educational services ........................................ 82 1,418.8 3.7 1.3 1.1 2.3

Social services ................................................. 83 2,270.6 7.4 3.3 2.5 4.1

Museums, botanical, zoological gardens ......... 84 80.0 6.9 3.0 2.1 3.9

Membership organizations .............................. 86 952.9 3.7 1.4 1.2 2.2

Engineering and management services .......... 87 2,739.1 2.1 .9 .6 1.2

Services, n.e.c. ................................................ 89 44.7 2.1 .9 .8 1.1

1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries per 100

full-time workers and were calculated as: (N/EH) x 200,000, where 

N =number of injuries 

EH =total hours worked by all employees during 

 the calendar year 

200,000 =base for 100 equivalent full-time workers 

 (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks 

 per year). 

2 Totals for divisions include data for industries not shown

separately. 3 Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 Edition. 4 Employment is expressed as an annual average and is derived

primarily from the BLS-State Covered Employment and Wages

program.

5 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in

addition to days-away-from-work cases with or without restricted work

activity. 6 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days

away from work with or without restricted work activity. 7 Incidence rates exclude farms with fewer than 11 employees. 8 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal,

metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation

are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S.

Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S.

Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are

excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries.

 NOTE: Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals.

 – Data not available.

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

12
Table 7. Nonfatal occupational injuries: number of cases and incidence rates, per 100 full-time workers,1 for industries with 100,000

or more injury cases, 1995

Industry 2 SIC

code 3

Total

cases

(000’s)

Incidence

rate

Eating and drinking places ............................................. 581 365.6 7.4

Hospitals ......................................................................... 806 268.9 9.0

Nursing and personal care facilities ................................ 805 246.9 17.8

Trucking and courier services, except air ....................... 421 229.0 13.9

Grocery stores ................................................................ 541 203.1 9.6

Department stores .......................................................... 531 173.2 10.3

Motor vehicles and equipment ........................................ 371 169.4 17.0

Hotels and motels ........................................................... 701 119.4 9.4

1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries per 100

full-time workers and were calculated as: (N/EH) X 200,000 where, 

N =number of injuries 

EH =total hours worked by all employees during 

 the calendar year 

200,000 =base for 100 equivalent full-time workers 

 (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks 

 per year). 

2 Industries with 100,000 or more cases were determined by

analysis of the number of cases at the 3-digit SIC code level. 3 Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 Edition. 

 

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

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