For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, February 23, 2023 USDL-23-0351 

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY: LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS — 2022

In 2022, 21.3 percent of persons with a disability were employed, up from 19.1 percent in 2021, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. For persons without a disability, 65.4 percent were employed 

in 2022, up from 63.7 percent in the prior year. The unemployment rates for persons with a disability

(7.6 percent) and persons without a disability (3.5 percent) both declined in 2022. 

Data on persons with a disability are collected as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a 

monthly sample survey of about 60,000 households that provides statistics on employment and 

unemployment in the United States. Collection of the data on persons with a disability is sponsored by 

the Department of Labor's Office of Disability Employment Policy. For more information, see the 

Technical Note in this news release.

Highlights from the 2022 data:

• Half of all persons with a disability were age 65 and over, nearly three times larger than the share for 

those with no disability. (See table 1.)

• Across all age groups, persons with a disability were much less likely to be employed than those 

with no disability. (See table 1.) 

• The unemployment rate for persons with a disability was about twice as high as the rate for persons 

without a disability. (See table 1.) 

• In 2022, 30 percent of workers with a disability were employed part time, compared with 16 percent 

for those with no disability. (See table 2.)

• Employed persons with a disability were more likely to be self-employed than those with no 

disability. (See table 4.)

Demographic characteristics

In 2022, persons with a disability accounted for 12 percent of the civilian noninstitutional population. 

Persons with a disability tend to be older than persons with no disability, reflecting the increased 

incidence of disability with age. In 2022, half of persons with a disability were age 65 and over, 

compared with 18 percent of those with no disability. Overall, women were somewhat more likely to 

have a disability than men, partly reflecting the greater life expectancy of women. In 2022, the 
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prevalence of disability continued to be higher for Blacks and Whites than for Hispanics and Asians. 

(See table 1.)

Employment

The employment-population ratio—that is, the percent of the population that is employed—for persons 

with a disability increased by 2.2 percentage points from the prior year to 21.3 percent in 2022. The 

employment-population ratio for persons with a disability in 2022 was the highest on record since 

comparable data were first published in 2008. The employment-population ratio for persons without a 

disability, at 65.4 percent in 2022, increased by 1.7 percentage points over the year. The lower ratio 

among persons with a disability reflects, in part, the older age profile of persons with a disability; older 

individuals are less likely to be employed, regardless of disability status. However, across all age 

groups, persons with a disability were much less likely to be employed than those with no disability. 

(See tables A and 1.)

In 2022, the employment-population ratio for persons with a disability ages 16 to 64 increased by 3.4 

percentage points to 34.8 percent, while the ratio for persons without a disability in the same age group 

increased by 1.9 percentage points to 74.4 percent. The ratios for persons age 65 and over with a 

disability (7.7 percent) and without a disability (23.0 percent) increased by 0.8 percentage point and 0.7 

percentage point, respectively, over the year. (See table A.)

Persons with a disability were less likely to have completed a bachelor's degree or higher than were 

those with no disability. Among both groups, those who had attained higher levels of education were 

more likely to be employed than those who had attained less education. Across all levels of education in 

2022, persons with a disability were much less likely to be employed than their counterparts with no 

disability. (Educational attainment data are presented for those age 25 and over.) (See table 1.) 

Workers with a disability were almost twice as likely to be employed part time than were those with no 

disability. Among workers with a disability, 30 percent usually worked part time in 2022, compared 

with 16 percent of those without a disability. The proportion of workers with a disability who worked 

part time for economic reasons was higher than for their counterparts without a disability (4 percent, 

compared with 2 percent). These individuals were working part time because their hours had been 

reduced or because they were not able to find a full-time job. (See table 2.) 

In 2022, persons with a disability were more likely to work in service occupations than were those with 

no disability (19.1 percent, compared with 15.9 percent). Workers with a disability were also more 

likely than those with no disability to work in production, transportation, and material moving 

occupations (15.3 percent, compared with 12.6 percent), and sales and office occupations (20.5 percent, 

compared with 19.2 percent). Persons with a disability were less likely to work in management, 

professional, and related occupations than were those without a disability (36.3 percent, compared with 

43.3 percent). (See table 3.)

A larger share of workers with a disability were self-employed in 2022 than were those with no 

disability (9.5 percent versus 6.1 percent). In contrast, a smaller share of workers with a disability were 

private wage and salary workers (76.7 percent) than were those without a disability (80.5 percent). The 

proportion of persons employed in government was about the same for both persons with a disability 

and persons without a disability (13.7 percent and 13.4 percent, respectively). (See table 4.) 
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Unemployment

The unemployment rate for persons with a disability, at 7.6 percent in 2022, decreased by 2.5 percentage 

points from the previous year. The jobless rate for those with a disability was about twice as high as the 

rate for those without a disability. (Unemployed persons are those who did not have a job, were 

available for work, and were actively looking for a job in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.) The 

unemployment rate for persons without a disability decreased by 1.6 percentage points to 3.5 percent in 

2022. (See tables A and 1.) 

In 2022, the unemployment rate for men with a disability (7.8 percent) was little different than the rate 

for women with a disability (7.4 percent). The unemployment rates for both men and women with a 

disability decreased from 2021 to 2022, by 2.3 percentage points and 2.7 percentage points, respectively.

(See table 1.)

Among persons with a disability, the jobless rates for Blacks (12.3 percent) and Hispanics (9.6 percent) 

were higher than the rates for Whites (6.6 percent) and Asians (6.8 percent) in 2022. The rates for 

Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics decreased from 2021 to 2022, while the rate for Asians showed little 

change. (See table 1.) 

Not in the labor force 

Persons who are neither employed nor unemployed are not in the labor force. A large proportion of 

persons with a disability—nearly 8 in 10—were not in the labor force in 2022, compared with about 3 in 

10 of those with no disability. In part, this reflects the older age profile of persons with a disability; 

persons age 65 and over are much less likely to participate in the labor force than younger age groups. 

Across all age groups, however, persons with a disability were more likely to be out of the labor force 

than those with no disability. (See table 1.) 

For persons with and without a disability, the vast majority of those not in the labor force did not want a 

job. In 2022, 3 percent of those with a disability and 7 percent of those without a disability wanted a job. 

Among those who wanted a job, a subset is classified as marginally attached to the labor force. These 

individuals wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 

months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey. (Persons marginally attached to the labor force include discouraged workers.) 

About 1 percent of persons with a disability and 2 percent of persons without a disability were 

marginally attached to the labor force in 2022. (See table 5.) 
Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and age, 2021 and

2022 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2021 2022

Total, 16

years

and over

16 to 64

years

65 years

and over

Total, 16

years

and over

16 to 64

years

65 years

and over

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 31,084 15,586 15,498 32,596 16,441 16,155

Civilian labor force.................................................. 6,619 5,477 1,142 7,528 6,222 1,306

Participation rate.................................................. 21.3 35.1 7.4 23.1 37.8 8.1

Employed.......................................................... 5,950 4,886 1,063 6,956 5,714 1,242

Employment-population ratio................................. 19.1 31.4 6.9 21.3 34.8 7.7

Unemployed....................................................... 669 591 78 572 508 64

Unemployment rate............................................ 10.1 10.8 6.8 7.6 8.2 4.9

Not in labor force.................................................... 24,465 10,108 14,357 25,068 10,219 14,849

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 230,361 189,669 40,692 231,378 190,823 40,555

Civilian labor force.................................................. 154,585 145,127 9,458 156,759 147,168 9,591

Participation rate.................................................. 67.1 76.5 23.2 67.8 77.1 23.7

Employed.......................................................... 146,631 137,567 9,064 151,335 142,003 9,332

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.7 72.5 22.3 65.4 74.4 23.0

Unemployed....................................................... 7,954 7,560 394 5,424 5,165 259

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.1 5.2 4.2 3.5 3.5 2.7

Not in labor force.................................................... 75,776 44,542 31,234 74,618 43,655 30,964

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Technical Note

 The estimates in this release are based on annual 

average data obtained from the Current Population 

Survey (CPS). The CPS, which is conducted by the 

U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS), is a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible 

households that provides information on the labor 

force status, demographics, and other characteristics

of the nation's civilian noninstitutional population age 

16 and over.

 Questions were added to the CPS in June 2008 to 

identify persons with a disability in the civilian 

noninstitutional population age 16 and over. The

addition of these questions allowed the BLS to begin 

releasing monthly labor force data from the CPS for 

persons with a disability. The collection of these data 

is sponsored by the Department of Labor's Office of 

Disability Employment Policy.

 If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.

Reliability of the estimates

 Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both 

sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, 

rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is 

a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The component 

of this difference that occurs because samples differ 

by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level 

of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will 

differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the 

true population value because of sampling error. BLS 

analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent 

level of confidence.

 The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness 

of respondents to provide correct information, and 

errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

 Additional information about the reliability of data 

from the CPS and estimating standard errors is 

available at

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

 CPS estimates are controlled to population totals 

that are available by age, sex, race, and Hispanic 

ethnicity. These controls are developed by the Census 

Bureau and are based on complete population counts 

obtained in the decennial census. In the years between 

decennial censuses, they incorporate the latest 

information about population change (births, deaths, 

and net international migration). As part of its annual 

update of population estimates, the Census Bureau 

introduces adjustments to the total population 

controls. The updated controls typically have a 

negligible impact on unemployment rates and other 

ratios. The estimates of the population of persons with 

a disability are not controlled to independent 

population totals of persons with a disability because 

such data are not available. Without independent 

population totals, sample-based estimates are more 

apt to vary from one time period to the next. 

Information about population controls is available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.

Disability questions and concepts

 The CPS uses a set of six questions to identify 

persons with disabilities. In the CPS, persons are 

classified as having a disability if there is a response 

of "yes" to any of these questions. The disability 

questions appear in the CPS in the following format:

 This month we want to learn about people who have 

physical, mental, or emotional conditions that cause 

serious difficulty with their daily activities. Please 

answer for household members who are 15 years and 

over.

• Is anyone deaf or does anyone have serious 

difficulty hearing?

• Is anyone blind or does anyone have serious 

difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses?

• Because of a physical, mental, or emotional 

condition, does anyone have serious 

difficulty concentrating, remembering, or 

making decisions?

• Does anyone have serious difficulty walking 

or climbing stairs?

• Does anyone have difficulty dressing or 

bathing?
• Because of a physical, mental, or emotional 

condition, does anyone have difficulty doing 

errands alone such as visiting a doctor's 

office or shopping?

 The CPS questions for identifying individuals with 

disabilities are only asked of household members who 

are age 15 and over. Each of the questions ask the 

respondent whether anyone in the household has the 

condition described, and if the respondent replies 

"yes," they are then asked to identify everyone in the 

household who has the condition. Labor force 

measures from the CPS are tabulated for persons age 

16 and over. More information on the disability 

questions and the limitations of the CPS disability

data is available on the BLS website at 

www.bls.gov/cps/cpsdisability_faq.htm.

Other definitions

 Other definitions used in this release are described 

briefly below. Additional information on the concepts 

and methodology of the CPS is available at

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

 Employed. Employed persons are all those who, 

during the survey reference week, (a) did any work at 

all as paid employees; (b) worked in their own 

business, profession, or on their own farm; or (c) 

worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a 

family member's business. Persons who were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, 

bad weather, vacation, labor dispute, or another 

reason also are counted as employed.

 Unemployed. Unemployed persons are those who 

had no employment during the reference week, were 

available for work at that time, and had made specific 

efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-

week period ending with the reference week. Persons 

who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which 

they had been laid off need not have been looking for 

work to be classified as unemployed.

 Civilian labor force. The civilian labor force

comprises all persons classified as employed or 

unemployed.

 Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate

represents the number of unemployed persons as a 

percent of the civilian labor force.

 Not in the labor force. Persons not in the labor force

include all those who are not classified as employed 

or unemployed. Information is collected on their 

desire for and availability to take a job at the time of 

the CPS interview, job search activity in the prior 

year, and reason for not looking in the 4-week period 

ending with the reference week. This group includes 

individuals marginally attached to the labor force, 

defined as persons not in the labor force who want and 

are available for a job and who have looked for work 

sometime in the past 12 months (or since the end of 

their last job if they held one within the past 12 

months). They are not counted as unemployed 

because they had not actively searched for work in the 

prior 4 weeks. Within the marginally attached group 

are discouraged workers—persons who are not 

currently looking for work because they believe there 

are no jobs available or there are none for which they 

would qualify. The other persons marginally attached 

to the labor force group includes persons who want a 

job but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks 

for reasons such as family responsibilities or 

transportation problems.

 Part time for economic reasons. Persons classified 

as at work part time for economic reasons, a measure 

sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, are 

those who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 

34 hours during the reference week. Economic 

reasons include slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, and 

seasonal declines in demand. Those who usually work 

part time must also indicate that they want and are 

available for full-time work to be classified as part 

time for economic reasons.

 Occupation, industry, and class of worker. The 

occupation, industry, and class of worker 

classifications for the employed relate to the job held 

in the survey reference week. Persons with two or 

more jobs are classified in the job at which they 

worked the greatest number of hours. Persons are 

classified using the 2018 Census occupational and 

2017 Census industry classification systems. The 

class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the 

following categories: private and government wage 

and salary workers, self-employed workers, and 

unpaid family workers. Wage and salary workers

receive wages, salary, commissions, tips, or pay in 

kind from a private employer or from a government

unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for 

profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, 

or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed are

included in the self-employed category. Selfemployed persons who respond that their businesses 

are incorporated are included among wage and salary 

workers. Unpaid family workers are persons working 

without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or 

in a business operated by a family member in their

household. 
Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by disability status and selected

characteristics, 2022 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Participation

rate

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Rate

TOTAL

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263,973 164,287 62.2 158,291 60.0 5,996 3.6 99,686

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,617 87,421 68.0 84,203 65.5 3,218 3.7 41,197

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,356 76,866 56.8 74,089 54.7 2,778 3.6 58,490

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,596 7,528 23.1 6,956 21.3 572 7.6 25,068

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,439 3,932 25.5 3,626 23.5 307 7.8 11,507

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,156 3,596 21.0 3,330 19.4 265 7.4 13,561

Age

16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,441 6,222 37.8 5,714 34.8 508 8.2 10,219

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851 246 28.9 198 23.3 48 19.6 605

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,098 549 50.0 469 42.7 80 14.5 550

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,360 1,247 52.8 1,129 47.8 118 9.5 1,113

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,467 1,107 44.9 1,011 41.0 97 8.7 1,359

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,375 1,304 38.6 1,225 36.3 79 6.1 2,070

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,291 1,768 28.1 1,683 26.8 86 4.8 4,523

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,155 1,306 8.1 1,242 7.7 64 4.9 14,849

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,798 6,053 23.5 5,653 21.9 400 6.6 19,746

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,403 903 20.5 792 18.0 111 12.3 3,499

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,024 195 19.1 182 17.8 13 6.8 828

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,971 1,008 25.4 911 22.9 97 9.6 2,963

Educational attainment

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,647 6,733 22.0 6,289 20.5 444 6.6 23,913

Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,701 497 10.6 439 9.3 58 11.6 4,205

High school graduates, no college1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,899 1,932 17.7 1,791 16.4 141 7.3 8,968

Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,406 2,156 25.6 2,010 23.9 146 6.8 6,250

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,640 2,148 32.4 2,048 30.8 100 4.7 4,491

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231,378 156,759 67.8 151,335 65.4 5,424 3.5 74,618

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,178 83,489 73.8 80,577 71.2 2,912 3.5 29,690

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,200 73,271 62.0 70,758 59.9 2,512 3.4 44,929

Age

16 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,823 147,168 77.1 142,003 74.4 5,165 3.5 43,655

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,220 6,029 37.2 5,402 33.3 627 10.4 10,191

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,788 14,269 72.1 13,309 67.3 960 6.7 5,519

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,808 35,478 84.9 34,171 81.7 1,307 3.7 6,330

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,532 34,563 85.3 33,613 82.9 949 2.7 5,970

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,620 31,137 85.0 30,429 83.1 708 2.3 5,483

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,854 25,692 71.7 25,078 69.9 614 2.4 10,162

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,555 9,591 23.7 9,332 23.0 259 2.7 30,964

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177,416 119,904 67.6 116,255 65.5 3,649 3.0 57,512

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,729 20,333 68.4 19,144 64.4 1,188 5.8 9,396

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,909 10,726 67.4 10,433 65.6 292 2.7 5,184

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,200 29,594 70.1 28,389 67.3 1,205 4.1 12,607

Educational attainment

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195,370 136,461 69.8 132,624 67.9 3,837 2.8 58,908

Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,088 8,492 56.3 8,059 53.4 432 5.1 6,596

High school graduates, no college1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,807 33,987 64.4 32,706 61.9 1,281 3.8 18,820

Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,133 33,487 69.6 32,513 67.5 974 2.9 14,646

Bachelor’s degree and higher2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,342 60,495 76.2 59,346 74.8 1,149 1.9 18,846

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons

whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 2. Employed full- and part-time workers by disability status and age, 2022 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Disability status and age

Employed At work

part time for

economic

reasons1

Total

Usually

work

full time

Usually

work

part time

TOTAL

16 years and over........................................................................ 158,291 132,245 26,046 3,930

16 to 64 years.......................................................................... 147,717 125,466 22,251 3,712

65 years and over...................................................................... 10,574 6,779 3,795 218

Persons with a disability

16 years and over........................................................................ 6,956 4,874 2,082 254

16 to 64 years.......................................................................... 5,714 4,214 1,501 223

65 years and over...................................................................... 1,242 660 581 31

Persons with no disability

16 years and over........................................................................ 151,335 127,371 23,964 3,676

16 to 64 years.......................................................................... 142,003 121,252 20,751 3,489

65 years and over...................................................................... 9,332 6,119 3,213 187

1 Refers to persons who, whether they usually work full or part time, worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as

slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. Persons who usually work part time

for an economic reason, but worked 35 hours or more during the reference week are excluded. Also excludes employed persons who were absent

from their jobs for the entire reference week.

NOTE: Full time refers to persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week; part time refers to persons who usually work less than 35 hours per

week.
Table 3. Employed persons by disability status, occupation, and sex, 2022 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Occupation

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total employed (in thousands)....................................... 6,956 3,626 3,330 151,335 80,577 70,758

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 36.3 34.4 38.5 43.3 39.4 47.8

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 16.1 17.4 14.6 18.7 19.3 17.9

Management occupations.................................... 11.5 13.2 9.7 12.8 14.3 11.1

Business and financial operations occupations............ 4.6 4.2 4.9 5.8 5.0 6.8

Professional and related occupations.......................... 20.3 16.9 23.9 24.7 20.1 29.9

Computer and mathematical occupations.................. 3.2 4.0 2.3 3.9 5.4 2.2

Architecture and engineering occupations.................. 1.7 2.7 0.6 2.2 3.5 0.8

Life, physical, and social science occupations............. 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.2

Community and social service occupations................ 2.0 1.4 2.7 1.9 1.1 2.7

Legal occupations............................................. 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.3

Education, training, and library occupations................ 5.1 2.8 7.6 5.9 2.9 9.2

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

occupations.................................................. 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.3

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations....... 4.3 1.9 7.0 6.3 2.9 10.2

Service occupations................................................ 19.1 15.5 23.2 15.9 12.9 19.4

Healthcare support occupations................................ 3.6 1.1 6.3 3.1 0.9 5.6

Protective service occupations................................. 2.1 2.9 1.1 1.9 2.8 1.0

Food preparation and serving related occupations.......... 5.9 4.7 7.3 5.0 4.4 5.6

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

occupations..................................................... 4.9 5.6 4.2 3.5 3.8 3.1

Personal care and service occupations....................... 2.6 1.2 4.2 2.5 1.1 4.1

Sales and office occupations...................................... 20.5 13.7 27.9 19.2 14.0 25.0

Sales and related occupations.................................. 9.2 7.8 10.7 9.0 8.6 9.5

Office and administrative support occupations............... 11.3 5.9 17.3 10.1 5.4 15.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 8.7 15.4 1.3 9.0 16.0 1.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 0.7 1.1 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.4

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 4.7 8.6 0.4 5.4 9.6 0.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 3.3 5.8 0.7 3.1 5.5 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 15.3 21.1 9.1 12.6 17.7 6.7

Production occupations.......................................... 5.5 7.1 3.8 5.2 6.9 3.3

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9.8 14.0 5.3 7.4 10.8 3.4
Table 4. Employed persons by disability status, industry, class of worker, and sex, 2022 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Industry and class of worker

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total employed (in thousands)....................................... 6,956 3,626 3,330 151,335 80,577 70,758

Industry as a percent of total employed

Total employed......................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries................................. 2.3 3.3 1.3 1.4 1.9 0.9

Nonagricultural industries.......................................... 97.7 96.7 98.7 98.6 98.1 99.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................. 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.1

Construction....................................................... 6.7 11.5 1.4 7.5 12.5 1.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 8.8 11.1 6.2 9.7 12.9 6.0

Wholesale trade.................................................. 1.8 2.5 1.1 2.0 2.7 1.3

Retail trade........................................................ 13.4 13.0 13.8 10.2 9.9 10.4

Transportation and utilities...................................... 6.0 8.2 3.7 6.4 9.0 3.4

Information........................................................ 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.8 2.1 1.5

Financial activities................................................ 6.2 5.6 6.8 7.0 6.4 7.7

Professional and business services............................ 11.7 12.5 10.8 13.1 14.2 11.8

Education and health services.................................. 20.7 10.8 31.5 22.4 10.7 35.8

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 9.9 8.6 11.3 8.6 8.0 9.3

Other services.................................................... 5.5 5.3 5.6 4.7 4.2 5.3

Public administration............................................. 5.2 5.4 5.0 4.8 5.0 4.7

Class of worker as a percent of total employed

Total employed1

........................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Wage and salary workers2

......................................... 90.4 88.6 92.3 93.9 93.0 94.8

Private industries................................................. 76.7 76.4 76.9 80.5 82.2 78.6

Government....................................................... 13.7 12.2 15.4 13.4 10.9 16.2

Federal.......................................................... 2.9 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.3

State............................................................. 5.0 4.0 6.1 4.5 3.3 5.8

Local............................................................. 5.8 5.0 6.6 6.4 4.9 8.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated.......................... 9.5 11.4 7.6 6.1 6.9 5.1

1

Includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.

2

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Table 5. Persons not in the labor force by disability status, age, and sex, 2022 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total,

16 years and

over

16 to 64 years Total,

65 years and

Total Men Women over

PERSONS WITH A DISABILITY

Total not in the labor force.................................................... 25,068 10,219 4,989 5,230 14,849

Persons who currently want a job......................................... 748 510 267 244 238

Marginally attached to the labor force1

................................. 197 150 81 69 46

Discouraged workers2................................................. 44 30 19 10 14

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3............ 153 121 62 59 32

PERSONS WITH NO DISABILITY

Total not in the labor force.................................................... 74,618 43,655 16,495 27,160 30,964

Persons who currently want a job......................................... 4,891 4,257 2,002 2,254 634

Marginally attached to the labor force1

................................. 1,287 1,172 617 555 115

Discouraged workers2................................................. 363 326 208 117 38

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3............ 923 846 409 437 77

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.