Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-15-0001 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 9, 2015 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — DECEMBER 2014 

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 252,000 in December, and the unemployment rate

declined to 5.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in 

professional and business services, construction, food services and drinking places, health care, and 

manufacturing. 

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Dec-12 Mar-13 Jun-13 Sep-13 Dec-13 Mar-14 Jun-14 Sep-14 Dec-14

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, December 2012 –

December 2014 

Percent

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

Dec-12 Mar-13 Jun-13 Sep-13 Dec-13 Mar-14 Jun-14 Sep-14 Dec-14

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

December 2012 – December 2014

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data

Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal 

adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end of each calendar year. Seasonally adjusted 

estimates back to January 2010 were subject to revision. The unemployment rates for January 

2014 through November 2014 (as originally published and as revised) appear in table A on 

page 5, along with additional information about the revisions. 
- 2 - 

Household Survey Data 

The unemployment rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 5.6 percent in December, and the number 

of unemployed persons declined by 383,000 to 8.7 million. Over the year, the unemployment rate and 

the number of unemployed persons were down by 1.1 percentage points and 1.7 million, respectively. 

(See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult women (5.0 percent) decreased by 

0.2 percentage point in December, while the rates for adult men (5.3 percent), teenagers (16.8 percent), 

whites (4.8 percent), blacks (10.4 percent), and Hispanics (6.5 percent) showed little change. The jobless 

rate for Asians, at 4.2 percent (not seasonally adjusted), changed little from a year earlier. (See tables 

A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

In December, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or longer) was 

essentially unchanged at 2.8 million and accounted for 31.9 percent of the unemployed. Over the year, 

the number of long-term unemployed has declined by 1.1 million. (See table A-12.) 

The civilian labor force participation rate edged down by 0.2 percentage point to 62.7 percent in 

December. Since April, the participation rate has remained within a narrow range of 62.7 to 62.9 

percent. In December, the employment-population ratio was 59.2 percent for the third consecutive 

month. However, the employment-population ratio is up by 0.6 percentage point over the year. (See 

table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was little changed in December at 6.8 million. These individuals, who 

would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut 

back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.) 

In December, 2.3 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little changed from a 

year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 740,000 discouraged workers in December, down by 

177,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.5 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in December had not searched for work for 

reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 252,000 in December. In 2014, job growth averaged 

246,000 per month, compared with an average monthly gain of 194,000 in 2013. In December, 

employment increased in professional and business services, construction, food services and drinking 

places, health care, and manufacturing. (See table B-1.) 

Employment in professional and business services rose by 52,000 in December. Monthly job gains in 

the industry averaged 61,000 in 2014. In December, employment increased in administrative and waste 
- 3 - 

services (+35,000), computer systems design and related services (+9,000), and architectural and 

engineering services (+5,000). Employment in accounting and bookkeeping services declined (-14,000), 

offsetting an increase of the same amount in November. 

Construction added 48,000 jobs in December, well above the employment gains in recent months. 

Specialty trade contractors added jobs in December (+26,000), with the gain about equally split between 

residential and nonresidential contractors. Employment also increased in heavy and civil engineering 

construction (+12,000) and in nonresidential building (+10,000). 

In December, employment in food services and drinking places increased by 44,000. The industry 

added an average of 30,000 jobs per month in 2014. 

Health care added 34,000 jobs in December. Job gains occurred in ambulatory health care services 

(+16,000), nursing and residential care facilities (+11,000), and hospitals (+7,000). Employment growth 

in health care averaged 26,000 per month in 2014 and 17,000 per month in 2013. 

In December, manufacturing employment increased by 17,000, with durable goods (+13,000) 

accounting for most of the gain. Manufacturing added an average of 16,000 jobs per month in 2014, 

compared with an average gain of 7,000 jobs per month in 2013. 

Employment in wholesale trade and in financial activities continued to trend up in December. 

Employment in retail trade changed little in December, following a large gain in November. 

Employment in other major industries, including mining and logging, transportation and 

warehousing, information, and government, changed little in December. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.6 hours in 

December. The manufacturing workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 41.0 hours, and factory overtime 

edged up by 0.1 hour to 3.6 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 

employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.9 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In December, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 5 

cents to $24.57, following an increase of 6 cents in November. Over the year, average hourly earnings 

have risen by 1.7 percent. In December, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and 

nonsupervisory employees decreased by 6 cents to $20.68. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised from +243,000 to +261,000, 

and the change for November was revised from +321,000 to +353,000. With these revisions, 

employment gains in October and November were 50,000 higher than previously reported. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 6, 2015, at 

8:30 a.m. (EST). 
- 4 - 

Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data 

Effective with the release of January 2015 data on February 6, 2015, the Current Employment 

Statistics (CES) survey will introduce revisions to nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and 

earnings data to reflect the annual benchmark adjustment for March 2014 and updated seasonal 

adjustment factors. Not seasonally adjusted data beginning with April 2013 and seasonally 

adjusted data beginning with January 2010 are subject to revision. 

Upcoming Changes to the Household Survey 

Effective with the release of January 2015 data on February 6, 2015, new population controls 

will be used in the Current Population Survey (CPS) estimation process. These new controls 

reflect the annual updating of intercensal population estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. In 

accordance with usual practice, historical data will not be revised to incorporate the new 

controls; consequently, household survey data for January 2015 will not be directly comparable 

with data for December 2014 or earlier periods. A table showing the effects of the new controls 

on the major labor force series will be included in the January 2015 news release. 

Upcoming Changes to the Employment Situation News Release 

Effective with the release of January 2015 data on February 6, 2015, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 

Statistics will introduce several changes to The Employment Situation news release tables. 

Household survey table A-2 will introduce seasonally adjusted series on the labor force 

characteristics of Asians. These series will appear in addition to the not seasonally adjusted 

data for Asians currently displayed in the table. Also, in summary table A, the seasonally 

adjusted unemployment rate for Asians will replace the not seasonally adjusted series that is 

currently displayed for the group. 

Household survey table A-3 will introduce seasonally adjusted series on the labor force 

characteristics of Hispanic men age 20 and over, Hispanic women age 20 and over, and 

Hispanic teenagers age 16 to 19. The not seasonally adjusted series for these groups will 

continue to be displayed in the table. 

The establishment survey will introduce two data series: (1) total nonfarm employment, 

3-month average change and (2) total private employment, 3-month average change. These new 

series will be added to establishment survey summary table B. Additionally, in the employment 

section of summary table B, the list of industries will be expanded to include utilities (currently 

published in table B-1). Also, hours and earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees 
- 5 - 

will be removed from summary table B, although these series will continue to be published in 

establishment survey tables B-7 and B-8. A sample of the new summary table B is available on 

the BLS website at www.bls.gov/ces/cesnewsumb.pdf. 

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data 

At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the labor 

force series derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. As a result of this 

process, seasonally adjusted data for January 2010 through November 2014 were subject to revision. 

Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2014 through November 2014, as first published and 

as revised. The rates changed by one-tenth of a percentage point in 3 of the 11 months and were 

unchanged in the remaining 8 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force 

series beginning in December 2013 appear in table B. 

An article describing the seasonal adjustment methodology for the household survey data and revised 

data for January 2014 through November 2014 is available at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsrs2015.pdf. 

Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables of this release can be accessed at 

www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical seasonally adjusted data are available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/data.htm and http://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/ln/. 

Table A. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 2014 and changes due to revision

January - November 2014

January ......................................... 6.6 6.6 0.0

February ....................................... 6.7 6.7 .0

March .......................................... 6.7 6.6 -.1

April ............................................. 6.3 6.2 -.1

May ............................................. 6.3 6.3 .0

June .............................................. 6.1 6.1 .0

July .............................................. 6.2 6.2 .0

August .......................................... 6.1 6.1 .0

September .................................... 5.9 5.9 .0

October ........................................ 5.8 5.7 -.1

November .................................... 5.8 5.8 .0

Month As first

published As revised Change
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table B. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

2013 2014

Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . 246,745 246,915 247,085 247,258 247,439 247,622 247,814 248,023 248,229 248,446 248,657 248,844 249,027

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,047 155,486 155,688 156,180 155,420 155,629 155,700 156,048 156,018 155,845 156,243 156,402 156,129

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 63.0 63.0 63.2 62.8 62.8 62.8 62.9 62.9 62.7 62.8 62.9 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,671 145,206 145,301 145,796 145,724 145,868 146,247 146,401 146,451 146,607 147,260 147,331 147,442

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 58.6 58.8 58.8 59.0 58.9 58.9 59.0 59.0 59.0 59.0 59.2 59.2 59.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,376 10,280 10,387 10,384 9,696 9,761 9,453 9,648 9,568 9,237 8,983 9,071 8,688

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.6

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1

. . . . . . 110,613 110,746 110,838 110,930 111,027 111,126 111,230 111,342 111,451 111,567 111,679 111,778 111,875

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,523 79,899 79,884 80,125 79,837 79,836 80,056 80,174 80,210 80,163 80,023 80,029 80,271

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.9 72.1 72.1 72.2 71.9 71.8 72.0 72.0 72.0 71.9 71.7 71.6 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,505 74,905 74,820 75,284 75,163 75,159 75,504 75,631 75,668 75,889 75,928 75,675 76,026

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 67.4 67.6 67.5 67.9 67.7 67.6 67.9 67.9 67.9 68.0 68.0 67.7 68.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,018 4,994 5,064 4,841 4,674 4,677 4,552 4,543 4,543 4,273 4,094 4,354 4,245

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1

. . . . . . 119,433 119,497 119,583 119,669 119,760 119,852 119,948 120,052 120,156 120,265 120,370 120,465 120,557

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,886 70,045 70,323 70,363 70,041 70,170 70,003 70,222 70,230 70,037 70,354 70,599 70,111

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.6 58.8 58.8 58.5 58.5 58.4 58.5 58.4 58.2 58.4 58.6 58.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,678 65,913 66,168 66,009 66,076 66,164 66,267 66,250 66,289 66,192 66,560 66,894 66,632

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 55.0 55.2 55.3 55.2 55.2 55.2 55.2 55.2 55.2 55.0 55.3 55.5 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,208 4,131 4,155 4,354 3,964 4,006 3,736 3,972 3,942 3,845 3,794 3,705 3,479

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.2 5.7 5.7 5.3 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population1

. . . . . . 16,700 16,671 16,664 16,658 16,652 16,644 16,636 16,629 16,622 16,615 16,608 16,602 16,595

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,638 5,542 5,480 5,692 5,542 5,623 5,641 5,652 5,578 5,645 5,866 5,775 5,747

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 33.2 32.9 34.2 33.3 33.8 33.9 34.0 33.6 34.0 35.3 34.8 34.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,488 4,388 4,312 4,504 4,485 4,545 4,476 4,520 4,495 4,527 4,772 4,762 4,784

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 26.9 26.3 25.9 27.0 26.9 27.3 26.9 27.2 27.0 27.2 28.7 28.7 28.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,150 1,155 1,168 1,189 1,057 1,078 1,165 1,132 1,083 1,119 1,094 1,013 963

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 20.8 21.3 20.9 19.1 19.2 20.7 20.0 19.4 19.8 18.7 17.5 16.8

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.

- 6 -
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Change from:

Nov. 2014-

Dec. 2014

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 246,745 248,657 248,844 249,027 183

Civilian labor force........................................................... 155,047 156,243 156,402 156,129 -273

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.8 62.8 62.9 62.7 -0.2

Employed................................................................... 144,671 147,260 147,331 147,442 111

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 58.6 59.2 59.2 59.2 0.0

Unemployed............................................................... 10,376 8,983 9,071 8,688 -383

Unemployment rate.................................................... 6.7 5.7 5.8 5.6 -0.2

Not in labor force............................................................ 91,698 92,414 92,442 92,898 456

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 6.7 5.7 5.8 5.6 -0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 6.3 5.1 5.4 5.3 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 6.0 5.4 5.2 5.0 -0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 20.4 18.7 17.5 16.8 -0.7

White.......................................................................... 6.0 4.9 4.9 4.8 -0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 11.8 10.9 11.0 10.4 -0.6

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................ 4.1 5.0 4.8 4.2 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 8.4 6.8 6.6 6.5 -0.1

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 5.6 4.7 4.7 4.5 -0.2

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 9.9 7.9 8.5 8.6 0.1

High school graduates, no college........................................ 7.0 5.7 5.6 5.3 -0.3

Some college or associate degree........................................ 6.1 4.9 4.9 4.9 0.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 3.4 3.0 3.2 2.9 -0.3

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 5,421 4,349 4,480 4,325 -155

Job leavers...................................................................... 860 782 835 798 -37

Reentrants....................................................................... 3,027 2,856 2,761 2,701 -60

New entrants.................................................................... 1,198 1,058 1,045 971 -74

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,323 2,455 2,505 2,375 -130

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,525 2,322 2,378 2,293 -85

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,680 1,416 1,403 1,274 -129

27 weeks and over............................................................. 3,877 2,904 2,822 2,785 -37

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 7,766 7,012 6,851 6,790 -61

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 4,881 4,215 4,068 4,061 -7

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,623 2,437 2,447 2,432 -15

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 18,816 19,793 19,971 19,730 -241

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 2,427 2,192 2,109 2,260 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 917 770 698 740 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 261 353 252

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 255 345 240

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -13 42 51 67

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 2 2 2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -20 16 20 48

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 24 29 17

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 20 20 13

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 4.2 7.2 1.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4 9 4

Private service-providing1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 213 294 173

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 8.2 5.3 10.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.0 32.6 55.7 7.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 13.3 16.9 3.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -15 -6 1 2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 21 10

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 51 87 52

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 18.8 23.9 14.7

Education and health services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 44 41 48

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 43.7 45.0 43.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 60 53 36

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5 12 2

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 6 8 12

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 49.4 49.3 49.3

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.0 47.9 47.9 47.9

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.6 82.6 82.6 82.6

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 34.5 34.6 34.6

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24.17 $24.56 $24.62 $24.57

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $829.03 $847.32 $851.85 $850.12

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.1 101.6 102.2 102.4

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.5 0.2 0.6 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.3 119.1 120.1 120.1

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4 0.3 0.8 0.0

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.5 33.8 33.8 33.9

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20.35 $20.70 $20.74 $20.68

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $681.73 $699.66 $701.01 $701.05

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.6 109.6 109.9 110.4

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.9 151.6 152.3 152.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 0.7 0.5 0.2

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (264 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 66.5 69.7 63.6

Manufacturing (81 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.4 71.6 66.0 58.0

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey 

(CES; establishment survey). The household survey 

provides information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 

60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census 

Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month 

the CES program surveys about 144,000 businesses 

and government agencies, representing approximately 

554,000 individual worksites, in order to provide 

detailed industry data on employment, hours, and 

earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls. The 

active sample includes approximately one-third of 

all nonfarm payroll employees. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that 

contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment 

survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 

12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 

calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are 

counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are 

produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and 

logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing 

industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses

are unicorporated, unpaid family workers, and

private household workers among the employed.

These groups are excluded from the establishment

survey.

 The household survey includes people on unpaid

leave among the employed. The establishment

survey does not.

 The household survey is limited to workers 16

years of age and older. The establishment survey is

not limited by age.

 The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the

establishment survey, employees working at more

than one job and thus appearing on more than one

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, 

and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the 

participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For 

example, in the household survey, the large number of 

youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure 

any other changes that have taken place relative to May, 

making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the 

establishment survey, payroll employment in education 

declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term 

and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the 

underlying employment trends in the industry. Because 

seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of 

the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be 

adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more 

discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more 

useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-tomonth economic activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, 

such as total payroll employment, employment in most 

major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived 

by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex 

components; this differs from the unemployment estimate 

that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by 

combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age 

categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 

error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the 

establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 

90,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment 

increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-

percent confidence interval on the monthly change would 

range from -40,000 to +140,000 (50,000 +/- 90,000). These 

figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these 

magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent 

chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this 

interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, 

we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment 

had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported 

nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the 

values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be 

greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-

percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen 

that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, 

the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change 

in unemployment as measured by the household survey is 

about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the 

unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, 

such as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely 

basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in 

the collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates 

for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete 

returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled 

preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive 

revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample 

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered 

final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 
account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment 

gains from business births. This is incorporated into the 

sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting 

sample units going out of business, but imputing to them 

the same employment trend as the other firms in the 

sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net 

birth/death employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series 

model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death 

employment not accounted for by the imputation. The 

historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual 

residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough 

proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also 

incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over 

the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total 

nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a 

range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2013

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Aug.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246,745 248,844 249,027 246,745 248,229 248,446 248,657 248,844 249,027

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,408 156,297 155,521 155,047 156,018 155,845 156,243 156,402 156,129

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 62.8 62.5 62.8 62.9 62.7 62.8 62.9 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,423 147,666 147,190 144,671 146,451 146,607 147,260 147,331 147,442

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 59.3 59.1 58.6 59.0 59.0 59.2 59.2 59.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,984 8,630 8,331 10,376 9,568 9,237 8,983 9,071 8,688

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.5 5.4 6.7 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,338 92,547 93,506 91,698 92,210 92,601 92,414 92,442 92,898

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,932 6,227 6,212 6,148 6,334 6,385 6,545 6,556 6,445

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,103 120,208 120,301 119,103 119,893 120,004 120,112 120,208 120,301

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,985 82,835 82,800 82,383 83,010 82,983 82,950 82,961 83,210

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.8 68.9 68.8 69.2 69.2 69.2 69.1 69.0 69.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,403 78,208 78,052 76,757 77,873 78,094 78,286 78,084 78,400

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 65.1 64.9 64.4 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.0 65.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,583 4,627 4,748 5,626 5,136 4,890 4,664 4,877 4,810

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 5.6 5.7 6.8 6.2 5.9 5.6 5.9 5.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,118 37,373 37,501 36,720 36,883 37,021 37,161 37,247 37,091

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,613 111,778 111,875 110,613 111,451 111,567 111,679 111,778 111,875

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,335 80,074 80,068 79,523 80,210 80,163 80,023 80,029 80,271

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.7 71.6 71.6 71.9 72.0 71.9 71.7 71.6 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,275 75,922 75,801 74,505 75,668 75,889 75,928 75,675 76,026

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 67.9 67.8 67.4 67.9 68.0 68.0 67.7 68.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,060 4,152 4,267 5,018 4,543 4,273 4,094 4,354 4,245

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 5.2 5.3 6.3 5.7 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,278 31,704 31,807 31,090 31,241 31,404 31,656 31,749 31,603

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,642 128,637 128,726 127,642 128,336 128,442 128,545 128,637 128,726

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,423 73,462 72,721 72,664 73,008 72,862 73,293 73,442 72,919

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 57.1 56.5 56.9 56.9 56.7 57.0 57.1 56.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,021 69,459 69,138 67,914 68,577 68,514 68,974 69,247 69,042

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.3 54.0 53.7 53.2 53.4 53.3 53.7 53.8 53.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,402 4,003 3,584 4,750 4,431 4,348 4,318 4,195 3,878

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 5.4 4.9 6.5 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,220 55,175 56,005 54,978 55,327 55,581 55,253 55,195 55,807

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,433 120,465 120,557 119,433 120,156 120,265 120,370 120,465 120,557

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,809 70,743 70,058 69,886 70,230 70,037 70,354 70,599 70,111

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.7 58.1 58.5 58.4 58.2 58.4 58.6 58.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,849 67,176 66,797 65,678 66,289 66,192 66,560 66,894 66,632

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 55.8 55.4 55.0 55.2 55.0 55.3 55.5 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,960 3,567 3,262 4,208 3,942 3,845 3,794 3,705 3,479

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 5.0 4.7 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,624 49,722 50,499 49,547 49,925 50,228 50,016 49,866 50,446

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,700 16,602 16,595 16,700 16,622 16,615 16,608 16,602 16,595

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,264 5,480 5,395 5,638 5,578 5,645 5,866 5,775 5,747

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 33.0 32.5 33.8 33.6 34.0 35.3 34.8 34.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,300 4,569 4,592 4,488 4,495 4,527 4,772 4,762 4,784

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 27.5 27.7 26.9 27.0 27.2 28.7 28.7 28.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964 911 803 1,150 1,083 1,119 1,094 1,013 963

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.3 16.6 14.9 20.4 19.4 19.8 18.7 17.5 16.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,436 11,122 11,201 11,061 11,044 10,970 10,742 10,827 10,849

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2013

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Aug.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194,927 195,995 196,091 194,927 195,652 195,777 195,896 195,995 196,091

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,621 123,438 122,650 123,067 123,266 122,996 123,287 123,391 123,058

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 63.0 62.5 63.1 63.0 62.8 62.9 63.0 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,640 117,724 117,068 115,742 116,760 116,760 117,300 117,307 117,186

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.3 60.1 59.7 59.4 59.7 59.6 59.9 59.9 59.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,982 5,713 5,582 7,324 6,506 6,236 5,987 6,084 5,872

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 4.6 4.6 6.0 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,306 72,558 73,441 71,861 72,386 72,781 72,609 72,604 73,033

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,190 64,440 64,262 64,315 64,519 64,290 64,234 64,339 64,392

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.3 72.0 71.8 72.4 72.3 72.0 71.8 71.9 71.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,538 61,640 61,410 60,690 61,360 61,447 61,507 61,388 61,551

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.2 68.9 68.6 68.3 68.7 68.8 68.8 68.6 68.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,652 2,800 2,852 3,626 3,159 2,843 2,727 2,951 2,842

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 4.3 4.4 5.6 4.9 4.4 4.2 4.6 4.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,249 54,730 54,207 54,265 54,315 54,237 54,452 54,587 54,223

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 58.1 57.5 57.9 57.8 57.7 57.9 58.0 57.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,589 52,435 51,992 51,396 51,739 51,677 51,945 52,142 51,824

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 55.7 55.2 54.9 55.0 54.9 55.2 55.4 55.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,660 2,295 2,216 2,869 2,576 2,561 2,507 2,445 2,399

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.2 4.1 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,182 4,268 4,181 4,486 4,432 4,468 4,601 4,466 4,443

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 34.6 33.9 36.1 35.8 36.1 37.2 36.2 36.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,513 3,649 3,666 3,657 3,661 3,636 3,848 3,777 3,811

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.2 29.5 29.7 29.4 29.6 29.4 31.1 30.6 30.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669 618 515 830 772 832 753 689 632

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 14.5 12.3 18.5 17.4 18.6 16.4 15.4 14.2

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,569 31,005 31,040 30,569 30,893 30,932 30,969 31,005 31,040

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,315 19,037 18,933 18,415 18,867 19,067 19,024 19,056 19,037

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 61.4 61.0 60.2 61.1 61.6 61.4 61.5 61.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,194 17,019 17,009 16,238 16,685 16,974 16,953 16,957 17,050

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.0 54.9 54.8 53.1 54.0 54.9 54.7 54.7 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,121 2,017 1,924 2,176 2,182 2,093 2,071 2,099 1,986

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 10.6 10.2 11.8 11.6 11.0 10.9 11.0 10.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,254 11,968 12,107 12,154 12,026 11,865 11,945 11,949 12,003

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,259 8,597 8,698 8,272 8,614 8,756 8,672 8,594 8,717

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 66.9 67.6 65.7 67.4 68.4 67.6 66.9 67.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,305 7,700 7,741 7,318 7,678 7,791 7,742 7,630 7,756

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 60.0 60.2 58.1 60.1 60.9 60.4 59.4 60.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954 897 957 953 936 965 930 964 962

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 10.4 11.0 11.5 10.9 11.0 10.7 11.2 11.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,423 9,723 9,561 9,463 9,591 9,591 9,624 9,709 9,598

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.0 62.0 60.9 61.2 61.4 61.4 61.5 61.9 61.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,459 8,801 8,800 8,476 8,559 8,682 8,720 8,786 8,812

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.7 56.2 56.1 54.9 54.8 55.5 55.7 56.1 56.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964 922 761 987 1,032 909 904 922 785

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 9.5 8.0 10.4 10.8 9.5 9.4 9.5 8.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633 717 674 680 662 720 728 754 722

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.0 28.8 27.1 26.9 26.4 28.8 29.2 30.2 29.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 519 468 444 447 501 491 541 482

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 20.8 18.8 17.5 17.9 20.1 19.7 21.7 19.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 198 206 236 215 219 237 213 240

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 27.6 30.6 34.7 32.4 30.4 32.5 28.2 33.2

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,493 13,927 13,886 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2013

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Aug.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,715 8,749 8,796 – – – – – –

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 62.8 63.3 – – – – – –

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,355 8,333 8,424 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 59.8 60.7 – – – – – –

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 416 372 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.8 4.2 – – – – – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,778 5,178 5,090 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.

2
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.

2013

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Aug.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 37,955 38,760 38,839 37,955 38,512 38,596 38,679 38,760 38,839

Civilian labor force................................ 24,807 25,753 25,630 24,814 25,410 25,491 25,665 25,655 25,644

Participation rate............................... 65.4 66.4 66.0 65.4 66.0 66.0 66.4 66.2 66.0

Employed....................................... 22,741 24,076 23,995 22,731 23,536 23,718 23,931 23,963 23,988

Employment-population ratio............... 59.9 62.1 61.8 59.9 61.1 61.5 61.9 61.8 61.8

Unemployed.................................... 2,066 1,676 1,635 2,082 1,873 1,772 1,734 1,692 1,656

Unemployment rate......................... 8.3 6.5 6.4 8.4 7.4 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.5

Not in labor force................................. 13,148 13,007 13,209 13,142 13,102 13,106 13,013 13,105 13,196

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 13,799 14,337 14,299 – – – – – –

Participation rate............................... 80.5 81.7 81.3 – – – – – –

Employed....................................... 12,766 13,503 13,490 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio............... 74.4 77.0 76.7 – – – – – –

Unemployed.................................... 1,032 833 810 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate......................... 7.5 5.8 5.7 – – – – – –

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 9,978 10,307 10,167 – – – – – –

Participation rate............................... 58.2 58.8 57.9 – – – – – –

Employed....................................... 9,174 9,645 9,535 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio............... 53.5 55.0 54.3 – – – – – –

Unemployed.................................... 804 662 631 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate......................... 8.1 6.4 6.2 – – – – – –

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,030 1,109 1,164 – – – – – –

Participation rate............................... 28.2 30.2 31.6 – – – – – –

Employed....................................... 800 928 970 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio............... 21.9 25.2 26.4 – – – – – –

Unemployed.................................... 230 181 194 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate......................... 22.3 16.3 16.6 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2013

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Aug.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,754 11,168 11,003 10,763 10,709 10,691 10,831 11,153 11,031

Participation rate.................................. 43.7 45.8 45.3 43.7 45.2 44.5 45.3 45.7 45.4

Employed.......................................... 9,641 10,213 10,007 9,703 9,738 9,806 9,975 10,201 10,079

Employment-population ratio................. 39.2 41.9 41.2 39.4 41.1 40.8 41.7 41.8 41.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,113 955 996 1,060 971 884 856 952 952

Unemployment rate............................ 10.4 8.6 9.1 9.9 9.1 8.3 7.9 8.5 8.6

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,473 35,432 35,281 36,292 36,286 35,937 36,183 35,478 35,164

Participation rate.................................. 58.4 57.7 57.7 58.1 58.1 57.9 58.0 57.8 57.5

Employed.......................................... 33,894 33,499 33,406 33,743 34,046 34,016 34,127 33,476 33,310

Employment-population ratio................. 54.3 54.5 54.6 54.0 54.5 54.8 54.7 54.5 54.5

Unemployed....................................... 2,580 1,932 1,875 2,549 2,240 1,920 2,056 2,002 1,854

Unemployment rate............................ 7.1 5.5 5.3 7.0 6.2 5.3 5.7 5.6 5.3

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,926 37,320 36,845 37,157 37,503 37,421 37,304 37,246 37,140

Participation rate.................................. 67.4 66.9 66.3 67.8 66.8 66.6 66.5 66.7 66.9

Employed.......................................... 34,730 35,579 35,079 34,885 35,490 35,389 35,460 35,422 35,310

Employment-population ratio................. 63.4 63.7 63.2 63.7 63.2 63.0 63.2 63.5 63.6

Unemployed....................................... 2,197 1,742 1,766 2,272 2,013 2,032 1,843 1,824 1,831

Unemployment rate............................ 5.9 4.7 4.8 6.1 5.4 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 49,612 51,342 51,727 49,704 50,162 50,449 50,471 51,222 51,772

Participation rate.................................. 75.0 74.9 74.5 75.2 74.7 74.7 74.6 74.7 74.6

Employed.......................................... 48,053 49,799 50,350 48,039 48,561 48,983 48,937 49,608 50,290

Employment-population ratio................. 72.7 72.6 72.5 72.7 72.3 72.6 72.4 72.3 72.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,559 1,543 1,377 1,665 1,600 1,465 1,534 1,614 1,482

Unemployment rate............................ 3.1 3.0 2.7 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.9

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2014

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,250 21,379 19,015 19,390 2,235 1,989

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,785 10,787 9,341 9,511 1,443 1,276

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.8 50.5 49.1 49.0 64.6 64.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,196 10,280 8,793 9,090 1,403 1,189

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.0 48.1 46.2 46.9 62.8 59.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588 507 548 420 41 87

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 4.7 5.9 4.4 2.8 6.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,465 10,592 9,674 9,879 792 713

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,938 3,515 2,303 2,867 635 647

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,428 2,760 1,945 2,303 483 457

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.6 78.5 84.4 80.3 76.0 70.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,250 2,569 1,778 2,142 472 426

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.6 73.1 77.2 74.7 74.3 65.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 191 166 161 11 30

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 6.9 8.6 7.0 2.3 6.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 755 358 564 152 191

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,130 3,404 2,562 2,906 568 499

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,654 2,764 2,245 2,404 409 360

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.8 81.2 87.6 82.8 72.0 72.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,528 2,677 2,131 2,338 396 339

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.7 78.6 83.2 80.5 69.8 68.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 87 114 67 13 21

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 3.2 5.1 2.8 3.1 5.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 640 317 501 159 139

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,656 9,125 9,298 8,801 358 324

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,691 2,457 2,599 2,355 92 102

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 26.9 28.0 26.8 25.7 31.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,542 2,350 2,455 2,259 87 91

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.3 25.8 26.4 25.7 24.2 28.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 107 144 96 5 11

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 4.3 5.5 4.1 5.9 10.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,965 6,668 6,699 6,446 266 222

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,526 5,335 4,852 4,816 674 519

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,011 2,806 2,552 2,448 460 358

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.5 52.6 52.6 50.8 68.2 69.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,877 2,684 2,428 2,351 448 333

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.1 50.3 50.1 48.8 66.5 64.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 123 123 97 11 25

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.4 4.8 4.0 2.5 7.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,514 2,529 2,300 2,368 214 161

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216,600 218,754 95,615 96,447 120,985 122,307

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,800 142,814 71,750 72,318 70,050 70,496

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 65.3 75.0 75.0 57.9 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,788 135,302 66,919 68,161 65,869 67,141

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 61.9 70.0 70.7 54.4 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,012 7,512 4,831 4,157 4,181 3,355

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 5.3 6.7 5.7 6.0 4.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,800 75,940 23,865 24,129 50,935 51,811

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Beginning with data for January 2014, estimates for veterans incorporate updated

weighting procedures.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2014

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 28,519 29,546 218,226 219,481

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,345 5,983 149,062 149,538

Participation rate..................................................................... 18.7 20.3 68.3 68.1

Employed............................................................................. 4,711 5,312 139,712 141,878

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 16.5 18.0 64.0 64.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 634 671 9,350 7,660

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.9 11.2 6.3 5.1

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,173 23,563 69,164 69,943

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,276 2,681 75,198 75,476

Participation rate..................................................................... 30.6 34.6 81.7 81.8

Employed............................................................................. 1,960 2,356 70,170 71,263

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 26.3 30.4 76.2 77.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 316 326 5,028 4,213

Unemployment rate............................................................... 13.9 12.1 6.7 5.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,166 5,076 16,898 16,740

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,141 2,282 66,638 66,604

Participation rate..................................................................... 27.7 28.8 69.9 69.8

Employed............................................................................. 1,866 1,996 62,680 63,435

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 24.1 25.2 65.8 66.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 275 287 3,958 3,169

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.9 12.6 5.9 4.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,598 5,639 28,676 28,844

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 928 1,019 7,226 7,458

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.0 7.4 23.4 23.4

Employed............................................................................. 885 960 6,862 7,180

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.6 6.9 22.3 22.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 43 59 364 279

Unemployment rate............................................................... 4.7 5.8 5.0 3.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 12,410 12,848 23,590 24,359

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2014

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 38,481 39,896 18,559 19,543 19,922 20,353

Civilian labor force.................................................. 25,429 26,286 14,669 15,390 10,761 10,897

Participation rate.................................................. 66.1 65.9 79.0 78.7 54.0 53.5

Employed.......................................................... 23,787 24,890 13,790 14,605 9,997 10,286

Employment-population ratio................................. 61.8 62.4 74.3 74.7 50.2 50.5

Unemployed....................................................... 1,642 1,396 879 785 763 611

Unemployment rate............................................ 6.5 5.3 6.0 5.1 7.1 5.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 13,052 13,610 3,891 4,154 9,161 9,456

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 208,264 209,131 100,544 100,758 107,720 108,373

Civilian labor force.................................................. 128,979 129,235 67,317 67,410 61,662 61,825

Participation rate.................................................. 61.9 61.8 67.0 66.9 57.2 57.0

Employed.......................................................... 120,636 122,300 62,613 63,447 58,023 58,852

Employment-population ratio................................. 57.9 58.5 62.3 63.0 53.9 54.3

Unemployed....................................................... 8,342 6,936 4,704 3,963 3,639 2,973

Unemployment rate............................................ 6.5 5.4 7.0 5.9 5.9 4.8

Not in labor force.................................................... 79,286 79,896 33,227 33,348 46,058 46,549

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2013

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Aug.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,075 2,332 2,220 2,211 2,265 2,377 2,402 2,392 2,358

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,301 1,587 1,426 1,377 1,518 1,549 1,581 1,621 1,506

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 742 729 764 792 732 783 784 749 815

Unpaid family workers........................... 32 16 30 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 142,348 145,335 144,970 142,460 144,111 144,254 144,982 144,939 145,101

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 133,911 136,379 136,371 133,943 135,641 135,452 136,016 136,093 136,415

Government..................................... 20,280 20,034 20,098 20,129 20,027 19,751 19,885 19,956 19,956

Private industries............................... 113,631 116,345 116,272 113,822 115,553 115,738 116,059 116,144 116,469

Private households.......................... 837 791 771 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 112,794 115,554 115,501 112,946 114,787 114,968 115,281 115,361 115,676

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,380 8,911 8,540 8,504 8,483 8,669 8,908 8,794 8,660

Unpaid family workers........................... 57 44 59 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 7,990 6,713 6,970 7,766 7,223 7,058 7,012 6,851 6,790

Slack work or business conditions............. 5,022 3,999 4,176 4,881 4,217 4,165 4,215 4,068 4,061

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,579 2,399 2,377 2,623 2,546 2,528 2,437 2,447 2,432

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,194 20,868 20,089 18,816 19,538 19,579 19,793 19,971 19,730

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 7,848 6,597 6,855 7,652 7,152 6,941 6,911 6,731 6,699

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,927 3,931 4,100 4,785 4,178 4,088 4,149 3,997 3,983

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,570 2,380 2,372 2,606 2,557 2,518 2,407 2,412 2,411

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,836 20,519 19,732 18,502 19,171 19,235 19,443 19,594 19,416

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2013

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Aug.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,423 147,666 147,190 144,671 146,451 146,607 147,260 147,331 147,442

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,300 4,569 4,592 4,488 4,495 4,527 4,772 4,762 4,784

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,439 1,629 1,609 1,509 1,500 1,522 1,626 1,663 1,678

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,860 2,939 2,983 2,965 2,998 2,992 3,141 3,065 3,090

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,124 143,098 142,598 140,183 141,956 142,081 142,488 142,569 142,658

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,806 14,007 13,755 13,911 13,884 13,817 14,088 13,939 13,847

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,318 129,090 128,843 126,341 128,022 128,278 128,522 128,673 128,860

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,708 96,191 95,985 94,709 95,627 95,653 95,772 95,856 95,975

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,651 32,490 32,452 31,571 32,013 32,089 32,228 32,271 32,354

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,736 31,131 30,987 30,768 30,953 31,025 30,994 31,018 31,021

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,321 32,569 32,546 32,370 32,661 32,539 32,550 32,567 32,600

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,609 32,900 32,858 31,632 32,395 32,625 32,750 32,817 32,885

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,403 78,208 78,052 76,757 77,873 78,094 78,286 78,084 78,400

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,128 2,286 2,251 2,252 2,206 2,204 2,358 2,409 2,374

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690 811 801 719 717 744 785 847 828

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,438 1,474 1,450 1,518 1,498 1,451 1,584 1,552 1,531

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,275 75,922 75,801 74,505 75,668 75,889 75,928 75,675 76,026

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,020 7,156 7,083 7,112 7,225 7,195 7,337 7,114 7,167

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,255 68,766 68,718 67,433 68,462 68,685 68,673 68,593 68,890

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,540 51,419 51,326 50,666 51,252 51,384 51,327 51,282 51,448

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,021 17,449 17,532 17,032 17,330 17,366 17,367 17,336 17,534

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,583 16,850 16,702 16,629 16,734 16,805 16,802 16,784 16,748

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,936 17,120 17,092 17,005 17,188 17,214 17,159 17,162 17,166

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,714 17,346 17,392 16,767 17,210 17,300 17,346 17,311 17,441

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,021 69,459 69,138 67,914 68,577 68,514 68,974 69,247 69,042

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,172 2,283 2,341 2,236 2,289 2,322 2,414 2,353 2,410

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749 818 808 790 783 778 841 816 850

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,422 1,465 1,533 1,447 1,500 1,541 1,557 1,513 1,559

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,849 67,176 66,797 65,678 66,289 66,192 66,560 66,894 66,632

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,786 6,852 6,672 6,800 6,659 6,622 6,751 6,825 6,680

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,063 60,324 60,125 58,907 59,560 59,594 59,849 60,080 59,970

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,168 44,771 44,658 44,043 44,375 44,268 44,445 44,574 44,527

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,630 15,041 14,919 14,539 14,684 14,723 14,861 14,935 14,820

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,153 14,282 14,285 14,139 14,219 14,220 14,192 14,234 14,273

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,385 15,448 15,454 15,366 15,473 15,325 15,391 15,406 15,434

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,895 15,553 15,467 14,865 15,185 15,325 15,404 15,506 15,443

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,030 44,482 44,610 44,002 44,293 44,322 44,380 44,267 44,588

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,807 35,108 34,921 34,516 34,722 34,799 34,833 34,799 34,645

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,230 9,385 9,330 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,661 119,441 119,394 117,240 118,758 119,310 119,681 119,507 119,934

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,762 28,225 27,796 27,434 27,681 27,347 27,690 27,775 27,506

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,934 7,549 7,308 6,907 7,114 7,171 7,674 7,403 7,285

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.2 5.0 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,433 5,585 5,666 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,122 9,640 9,304 9,297 9,214 9,452 9,692 9,543 9,475

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Dec.

2013

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Aug.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 10,376 9,071 8,688 6.7 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 1,150 1,013 963 20.4 19.4 19.8 18.7 17.5 16.8

16 to 17 years.................................. 477 359 389 24.0 23.1 20.5 22.3 17.8 18.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 667 656 561 18.4 17.6 19.9 16.8 17.6 15.4

20 years and over................................ 9,226 8,059 7,725 6.2 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.1

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,731 1,706 1,673 11.1 10.7 11.5 10.5 10.9 10.8

25 years and over.............................. 7,503 6,390 6,068 5.6 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.5

25 to 54 years............................... 5,845 4,871 4,761 5.8 5.3 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.7

25 to 34 years............................. 2,362 2,082 2,015 7.0 6.8 6.2 6.2 6.1 5.9

35 to 44 years............................. 1,752 1,410 1,389 5.4 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3

45 to 54 years............................. 1,730 1,378 1,356 5.1 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.0

55 years and over........................... 1,700 1,532 1,352 5.1 4.5 3.9 4.1 4.5 3.9

Men, 16 years and over............................ 5,626 4,877 4,810 6.8 6.2 5.9 5.6 5.9 5.8

16 to 19 years..................................... 608 523 565 21.3 21.2 21.8 19.5 17.8 19.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 244 213 207 25.3 24.7 21.3 25.5 20.1 20.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 350 310 341 18.7 19.8 22.6 16.7 16.6 18.2

20 years and over................................ 5,018 4,354 4,245 6.3 5.7 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 942 949 940 11.7 11.5 12.6 10.4 11.8 11.6

25 years and over.............................. 4,069 3,436 3,312 5.7 5.1 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.6

25 to 54 years............................... 3,138 2,584 2,545 5.8 5.3 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7

25 to 34 years............................. 1,309 1,113 1,067 7.1 6.6 5.8 6.0 6.0 5.7

35 to 44 years............................. 937 731 753 5.3 4.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3

45 to 54 years............................. 892 740 725 5.0 4.3 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.1

55 years and over........................... 931 851 768 5.3 4.4 4.0 4.3 4.7 4.2

Women, 16 years and over........................ 4,750 4,195 3,878 6.5 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.3

16 to 19 years..................................... 542 490 398 19.5 17.6 17.8 17.8 17.2 14.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 233 146 182 22.8 21.5 19.8 19.0 15.2 17.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 317 347 221 18.0 15.4 17.2 17.0 18.6 12.4

20 years and over................................ 4,208 3,705 3,479 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 789 757 732 10.4 9.7 10.2 10.7 10.0 9.9

25 years and over.............................. 3,434 2,954 2,756 5.5 5.2 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.4

25 to 54 years............................... 2,707 2,287 2,216 5.8 5.4 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.7

25 to 34 years............................. 1,053 970 949 6.8 7.1 6.6 6.4 6.1 6.0

35 to 44 years............................. 816 679 636 5.5 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.3

45 to 54 years............................. 839 638 631 5.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.9

55 years and over........................... 768 680 598 4.9 4.7 3.9 3.7 4.2 3.7

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present...................... 1,790 1,468 1,388 3.9 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.0

Married women, spouse present.................. 1,594 1,243 1,129 4.4 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.2

Women who maintain families1

.................... 884 843 791 8.7 9.3 8.3 8.7 8.2 7.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2................................... 8,655 7,592 7,249 6.9 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.7

Part-time workers3.................................. 1,738 1,500 1,438 6.0 5.5 5.7 5.0 5.1 5.0

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2013

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Aug.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 5,460 4,182 4,355 5,421 4,813 4,521 4,349 4,480 4,325

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,109 876 1,034 1,014 1,106 924 847 1,070 959

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 4,351 3,306 3,320 4,408 3,708 3,597 3,501 3,410 3,366

Permanent job losers.......................... 3,192 2,365 2,340 3,256 2,622 2,653 2,505 2,446 2,388

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 1,159 941 980 1,151 1,086 944 997 964 977

Job leavers........................................... 802 830 741 860 851 816 782 835 798

Reentrants............................................ 2,715 2,656 2,422 3,027 2,845 2,805 2,856 2,761 2,701

New entrants......................................... 1,007 962 814 1,198 1,064 1,094 1,058 1,045 971

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 54.7 48.5 52.3 51.6 50.3 49.0 48.1 49.1 49.2

On temporary layoff.............................. 11.1 10.2 12.4 9.6 11.5 10.0 9.4 11.7 10.9

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 43.6 38.3 39.9 42.0 38.7 39.0 38.7 37.4 38.3

Job leavers........................................... 8.0 9.6 8.9 8.2 8.9 8.8 8.6 9.2 9.1

Reentrants............................................ 27.2 30.8 29.1 28.8 29.7 30.4 31.6 30.3 30.7

New entrants......................................... 10.1 11.2 9.8 11.4 11.1 11.8 11.7 11.5 11.0

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3.5 2.7 2.8 3.5 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.8 1.7 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7

New entrants......................................... 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2013

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Aug.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,236 2,231 2,261 2,323 2,609 2,372 2,455 2,505 2,375

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,376 2,256 2,149 2,525 2,444 2,495 2,322 2,378 2,293

15 weeks and over.................................. 5,372 4,144 3,922 5,557 4,465 4,373 4,321 4,225 4,059

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,619 1,374 1,229 1,680 1,500 1,423 1,416 1,403 1,274

27 weeks and over............................... 3,753 2,770 2,693 3,877 2,966 2,951 2,904 2,822 2,785

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 36.2 34.1 32.4 36.8 31.9 31.8 32.9 33.0 32.8

Median duration, in weeks......................... 17.5 13.6 13.0 17.0 13.3 13.3 13.5 12.8 12.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 22.4 25.8 27.1 22.3 27.4 25.7 27.0 27.5 27.2

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 23.8 26.1 25.8 24.3 25.7 27.0 25.5 26.1 26.3

15 weeks and over.................................. 53.8 48.0 47.1 53.4 46.9 47.3 47.5 46.4 46.5

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 16.2 15.9 14.8 16.1 15.8 15.4 15.6 15.4 14.6

27 weeks and over............................... 37.6 32.1 32.3 37.3 31.2 31.9 31.9 31.0 31.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2014

Total, 16 years and over1............................................. 144,423 147,190 9,984 8,331 6.5 5.4

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 54,880 56,888 1,637 1,568 2.9 2.7

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 22,754 23,191 729 596 3.1 2.5

Professional and related occupations.......................... 32,126 33,697 908 972 2.7 2.8

Service occupations................................................ 25,704 25,745 2,127 1,859 7.6 6.7

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,631 33,455 2,279 1,716 6.3 4.9

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,450 15,848 1,043 831 6.3 5.0

Office and administrative support occupations............... 18,181 17,607 1,237 885 6.4 4.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 12,988 13,248 1,369 1,171 9.5 8.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 868 871 135 177 13.4 16.9

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,094 7,466 973 763 12.1 9.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,026 4,911 262 230 5.0 4.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,220 17,854 1,512 1,168 8.1 6.1

Production occupations.......................................... 8,471 8,669 707 573 7.7 6.2

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 8,749 9,185 804 595 8.4 6.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2014

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 9,984 8,331 6.5 5.4

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 7,662 6,341 6.3 5.2

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 38 45 3.6 4.1

Construction.......................................................................... 958 680 11.4 8.3

Manufacturing........................................................................ 854 596 5.5 3.9

Durable goods..................................................................... 571 368 5.8 3.8

Nondurable goods................................................................ 283 228 5.0 4.2

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,253 1,125 6.2 5.3

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 379 261 6.2 4.2

Information............................................................................ 133 167 4.8 5.7

Financial activities................................................................... 394 328 4.2 3.4

Professional and business services............................................... 1,139 903 7.3 5.8

Education and health services..................................................... 897 868 4.0 3.8

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,194 1,022 9.0 7.5

Other services........................................................................ 423 346 6.6 5.4

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 170 189 12.0 12.1

Government workers................................................................... 627 574 3.0 2.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 518 412 5.3 4.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2013

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Aug.

2014

Sept.

2014

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014

Dec.

2014

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 3.5 2.7 2.5 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 3.5 2.7 2.8 3.5 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 6.5 5.5 5.4 6.7 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.6

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 7.0 5.9 5.8 7.2 6.6 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.0

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 7.9 6.8 6.7 8.1 7.4 7.3 7.1 7.1 6.9

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 13.0 11.0 11.1 13.1 12.0 11.7 11.5 11.4 11.2

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2014

Dec.

2013

Dec.

2014

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 92,338 93,506 37,118 37,501 55,220 56,005

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,932 6,212 2,781 2,984 3,151 3,227

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,427 2,260 1,236 1,169 1,191 1,091

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 917 740 524 441 394 299

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,510 1,520 712 727 798 792

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 6,934 7,308 3,254 3,538 3,679 3,771

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.8 5.0 4.3 4.5 5.4 5.5

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,550 3,924 1,824 2,142 1,726 1,782

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,969 1,986 662 681 1,308 1,306

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 273 232 183 144 90 87

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,091 1,109 567 544 524 565

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Change

from:

Nov.2014 -

Dec.2014p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,269 140,811 141,321 141,256 137,395 139,742 140,095 140,347 252

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,061 118,501 118,896 118,951 115,541 117,817 118,162 118,402 240

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,703 19,487 19,396 19,240 18,811 19,218 19,269 19,336 67

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879 935 931 928 882 927 929 931 2

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 58.4 57.8 56.8 54.3 55.6 56.6 56.1 -0.5

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824.0 876.9 873.3 871.3 828.0 871.5 872.2 875.3 3.1

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204.3 215.2 215.3 216.2 204.3 215.1 215.7 216.1 0.4

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206.4 215.0 212.4 208.3 210.1 211.9 211.4 211.9 0.5

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.9 77.2 76.7 76.0 79.9 77.3 76.8 76.1 -0.7

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.3 446.7 445.6 446.8 413.6 444.5 445.1 447.3 2.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,774 6,322 6,226 6,069 5,876 6,098 6,118 6,166 48

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,312.7 1,408.0 1,392.7 1,379.5 1,314.7 1,369.6 1,371.8 1,382.6 10.8

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632.9 693.7 687.4 676.2 632.8 673.4 676.5 677.3 0.8

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679.8 714.3 705.3 703.3 681.9 696.2 695.3 705.3 10.0

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 840.2 990.3 956.2 899.1 880.0 927.9 926.3 937.9 11.6

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,620.6 3,923.8 3,877.4 3,790.2 3,681.1 3,800.8 3,820.1 3,845.6 25.5

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,544.3 1,701.8 1,676.3 1,632.4 1,578.3 1,641.9 1,653.2 1,665.9 12.7

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,076.3 2,222.0 2,201.1 2,157.8 2,102.8 2,158.9 2,166.9 2,179.7 12.8

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,050 12,230 12,239 12,243 12,053 12,193 12,222 12,239 17

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,585 7,733 7,754 7,764 7,581 7,724 7,744 7,757 13

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356.9 373.8 374.1 370.4 357.9 371.7 372.4 371.5 -0.9

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374.3 398.6 398.6 393.9 378.3 393.0 395.3 397.9 2.6

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396.3 404.4 405.5 408.0 397.8 404.4 406.2 408.8 2.6

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,444.7 1,468.4 1,469.7 1,474.7 1,445.2 1,465.6 1,468.6 1,473.2 4.6

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,106.9 1,136.7 1,137.4 1,141.9 1,105.0 1,136.9 1,138.7 1,139.4 0.7

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,060.9 1,058.1 1,060.4 1,061.8 1,059.8 1,059.3 1,060.0 1,060.4 0.4

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 160.9 169.7 170.9 171.5 161.0 169.8 170.6 171.5 0.9

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.1 96.2 96.7 96.3 99.6 96.3 96.7 96.0 -0.7

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.7 367.9 368.1 369.3 372.3 368.4 368.0 368.7 0.7

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388.9 385.6 385.5 385.6 388.8 386.1 385.7 385.4 -0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 377.8 372.1 373.0 372.2 376.5 371.9 372.2 371.0 -1.2

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,523.4 1,561.8 1,573.2 1,578.2 1,517.1 1,563.8 1,571.3 1,573.4 2.1

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844.1 875.4 885.3 888.2 838.5 875.0 882.2 884.0 1.8

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362.3 374.7 376.7 378.6 363.8 376.3 377.7 379.4 1.7

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581.4 584.4 585.8 584.7 579.2 581.5 582.0 582.0 0.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,465 4,497 4,485 4,479 4,472 4,469 4,478 4,482 4

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,483.5 1,489.2 1,479.5 1,477.4 1,484.8 1,471.0 1,474.6 1,476.8 2.2

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.7 116.9 116.9 116.6 118.0 116.8 116.8 116.7 -0.1

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.5 113.2 113.6 113.2 111.8 112.7 112.4 112.4 0.0

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.9 132.3 131.0 130.4 138.7 131.2 130.6 129.8 -0.8

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378.1 370.7 370.8 371.5 377.7 371.4 371.3 371.2 -0.1

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 445.0 438.8 439.4 438.9 443.5 438.0 438.0 437.3 -0.7

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.0 115.3 113.4 112.9 111.2 113.8 113.2 114.9 1.7

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794.2 807.8 807.1 810.2 794.9 808.7 808.3 810.2 1.9

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658.1 668.2 673.0 672.2 660.2 667.5 673.7 673.9 0.2

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228.0 244.1 240.0 235.2 231.2 237.6 238.7 238.4 -0.3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,358 99,014 99,500 99,711 96,730 98,599 98,893 99,066 173

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,884 26,647 27,139 27,405 26,156 26,561 26,640 26,663 23

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,805.0 5,903.6 5,907.4 5,913.0 5,796.8 5,892.2 5,897.5 5,907.5 10.0

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,898.1 2,956.9 2,954.7 2,964.3 2,897.2 2,953.3 2,956.9 2,964.3 7.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,996.4 2,026.1 2,031.1 2,024.4 1,993.8 2,020.2 2,022.0 2,023.1 1.1

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910.5 920.6 921.6 924.3 905.8 918.7 918.6 920.1 1.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,828.8 15,480.9 15,915.1 16,084.1 15,261.7 15,447.9 15,503.6 15,511.3 7.7

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,812.4 1,879.1 1,882.1 1,878.3 1,823.2 1,871.9 1,883.1 1,889.1 6.0

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,152.2 1,194.1 1,198.1 1,197.1 1,157.0 1,190.3 1,198.2 1,202.0 3.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Change

from:

Nov.2014 -

Dec.2014p

Retail trade - Continued

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 474.1 463.6 474.4 477.5 448.4 456.1 454.9 451.3 -3.6

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 545.4 514.9 537.6 537.6 514.0 506.5 506.0 505.3 -0.7

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,186.8 1,216.3 1,212.2 1,202.3 1,223.3 1,233.9 1,236.4 1,238.8 2.4

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,006.5 3,032.8 3,056.0 3,069.9 2,977.3 3,028.7 3,034.1 3,039.8 5.7

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,042.3 1,026.6 1,039.7 1,039.1 1,023.3 1,020.8 1,025.5 1,020.6 -4.9

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869.6 884.0 887.3 883.2 871.7 882.4 885.1 885.0 -0.1

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,578.5 1,384.7 1,514.3 1,571.7 1,404.5 1,389.8 1,405.7 1,396.8 -8.9

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671.4 602.7 652.5 674.0 616.9 599.9 610.0 614.3 4.3

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,328.8 3,130.8 3,297.8 3,381.6 3,099.2 3,145.7 3,145.2 3,152.8 7.6

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,505.4 1,324.0 1,431.2 1,489.1 1,344.4 1,336.1 1,330.0 1,330.6 0.6

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804.6 835.2 823.1 825.5 790.3 812.8 811.1 813.0 1.9

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508.4 510.2 538.1 543.4 469.6 499.4 506.5 504.5 -2.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,699.9 4,708.5 4,761.1 4,850.7 4,546.6 4,665.9 4,682.8 4,685.9 3.1

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452.5 459.1 459.1 457.3 453.4 460.3 460.6 457.8 -2.8

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.5 241.6 242.5 242.0 233.1 240.7 241.9 242.3 0.4

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 67.7 66.8 67.3 66.4 66.8 67.6 68.1 0.5

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,384.6 1,437.9 1,431.9 1,427.2 1,386.9 1,419.5 1,421.7 1,429.0 7.3

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471.1 479.7 480.7 481.5 453.5 461.2 463.1 463.3 0.2

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.8 45.6 45.7 45.6 44.7 45.7 45.7 45.6 -0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 24.8 30.4 25.2 24.4 29.2 29.5 29.4 28.9 -0.5

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 600.9 621.4 620.2 621.2 596.6 616.6 618.4 617.0 -1.4

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680.3 572.4 622.6 720.4 557.8 581.5 586.6 587.3 0.7

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742.9 752.7 766.4 763.8 725.0 744.1 747.8 746.6 -1.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550.3 554.3 555.1 557.4 551.3 554.5 556.3 558.2 1.9

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,682 2,688 2,703 2,698 2,674 2,686 2,687 2,689 2

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 735.2 725.6 727.7 727.8 731.0 724.0 725.0 724.1 -0.9

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326.1 304.2 307.5 302.0 329.9 307.0 301.0 304.3 3.3

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287.0 293.2 293.7 294.4 286.1 292.2 292.3 293.4 1.1

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862.2 868.6 874.1 873.2 858.1 868.7 870.4 870.1 -0.3

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.0 277.2 278.6 276.3 269.3 276.0 277.6 274.6 -3.0

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200.6 218.8 221.0 224.1 199.3 217.9 220.3 222.5 2.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,911 7,998 8,012 8,035 7,901 7,991 8,012 8,022 10

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,897.8 5,932.6 5,957.7 5,971.5 5,883.1 5,931.8 5,946.8 5,952.0 5.2

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 18.0 18.2 18.2 18.3 18.1 18.2 18.1 18.3 0.2

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,601.7 2,569.1 2,576.6 2,586.2 2,595.5 2,571.1 2,574.3 2,578.4 4.1

Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . 1,716.2 1,691.1 1,693.2 1,694.4 1,714.4 1,692.9 1,693.9 1,692.5 -1.4

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,290.8 1,263.8 1,265.9 1,265.4 1,289.7 1,265.6 1,266.1 1,264.3 -1.8

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 869.8 886.3 888.1 886.1 868.5 886.7 887.6 884.3 -3.3

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,408.3 2,459.0 2,474.8 2,480.9 2,401.0 2,455.8 2,466.8 2,471.0 4.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,013.3 2,065.3 2,054.3 2,063.3 2,018.3 2,059.5 2,065.5 2,069.7 4.2

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,472.1 1,490.3 1,486.6 1,495.9 1,469.0 1,486.5 1,491.6 1,493.2 1.6

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518.3 552.9 545.4 545.0 526.7 550.9 551.7 554.5 2.8

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 22.9 22.1 22.3 22.4 22.6 22.1 22.2 22.0 -0.2

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,906 19,600 19,664 19,636 18,842 19,435 19,522 19,574 52

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 8,235.7 8,415.3 8,470.7 8,521.4 8,200.8 8,439.0 8,477.2 8,489.8 12.6

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,138.8 1,134.4 1,134.8 1,138.1 1,135.1 1,133.7 1,133.7 1,134.2 0.5

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 918.8 909.9 936.3 965.7 915.2 969.0 983.1 969.0 -14.1

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,374.3 1,428.0 1,429.1 1,429.8 1,374.1 1,420.2 1,424.9 1,430.0 5.1

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,728.4 1,786.7 1,796.9 1,800.6 1,724.5 1,780.1 1,787.8 1,796.8 9.0

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,213.4 1,263.8 1,273.9 1,278.4 1,201.1 1,254.0 1,262.1 1,265.3 3.2

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,113.7 2,140.6 2,146.0 2,153.4 2,109.3 2,141.2 2,146.5 2,150.3 3.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Change

from:

Nov.2014 -

Dec.2014p

Professional and business services - Continued

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,556.6 9,043.9 9,047.4 8,961.6 8,531.5 8,854.9 8,898.5 8,933.7 35.2

Administrative and support services1. . . . . . . . 8,184.6 8,660.8 8,665.2 8,582.1 8,156.3 8,474.1 8,516.0 8,550.4 34.4

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,550.1 3,797.6 3,826.6 3,817.4 3,458.8 3,682.7 3,710.4 3,726.6 16.2

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,855.1 3,049.3 3,079.6 3,072.7 2,773.8 2,951.8 2,975.7 2,990.4 14.7

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881.1 882.0 893.5 902.1 859.5 871.4 874.9 879.2 4.3

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,828.8 1,991.3 1,951.8 1,866.3 1,907.4 1,944.8 1,942.8 1,944.7 1.9

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.0 383.1 382.2 379.5 375.2 380.8 382.5 383.3 0.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,419 21,829 21,916 21,906 21,242 21,635 21,676 21,724 48

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,472.2 3,573.4 3,592.6 3,526.9 3,365.0 3,420.7 3,416.5 3,421.4 4.9

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,947.2 18,255.5 18,323.4 18,378.8 17,876.7 18,214.0 18,259.0 18,302.7 43.7

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,649.8 14,873.0 14,923.7 14,970.8 14,604.5 14,845.7 14,881.4 14,915.5 34.1

Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . . 6,592.8 6,772.3 6,808.9 6,826.8 6,567.3 6,753.9 6,781.4 6,797.6 16.2

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,477.2 2,516.4 2,529.0 2,536.2 2,461.2 2,510.9 2,519.5 2,520.3 0.8

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702.6 727.3 731.4 735.8 700.8 726.2 730.0 733.8 3.8

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,268.1 1,311.4 1,321.9 1,324.3 1,263.0 1,305.8 1,313.2 1,317.4 4.2

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,804.6 4,832.9 4,843.8 4,854.4 4,792.7 4,826.1 4,833.0 4,840.0 7.0

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,252.4 3,267.8 3,271.0 3,289.6 3,244.5 3,265.7 3,267.0 3,277.9 10.9

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,652.0 1,653.6 1,653.6 1,655.0 1,647.8 1,651.2 1,650.3 1,651.5 1.2

Social assistance1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,297.4 3,382.5 3,399.7 3,408.0 3,272.2 3,368.3 3,377.6 3,387.2 9.6

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864.1 883.9 889.4 886.1 850.3 868.2 870.9 871.9 1.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,095 14,727 14,541 14,512 14,435 14,767 14,820 14,856 36

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,916.0 2,084.2 1,979.6 1,964.5 2,082.1 2,123.0 2,137.4 2,130.0 -7.4

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 412.5 459.7 441.8 436.7 430.6 455.7 457.2 455.5 -1.7

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.3 141.8 138.0 132.9 141.2 141.5 142.2 140.3 -1.9

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,369.2 1,482.7 1,399.8 1,394.9 1,510.3 1,525.8 1,538.0 1,534.2 -3.8

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,178.8 12,642.3 12,561.8 12,547.2 12,353.3 12,643.6 12,682.1 12,726.1 44.0

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,800.4 1,862.8 1,818.6 1,812.7 1,866.2 1,871.0 1,878.0 1,878.4 0.4

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 10,378.4 10,779.5 10,743.2 10,734.5 10,487.1 10,772.6 10,804.1 10,847.7 43.6

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,461 5,525 5,525 5,519 5,480 5,524 5,536 5,538 2

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,203.8 1,220.7 1,218.3 1,213.7 1,211.1 1,216.2 1,221.1 1,221.1 0.0

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,349.8 1,372.1 1,374.7 1,375.9 1,349.3 1,373.0 1,377.2 1,376.6 -0.6

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,907.4 2,931.9 2,932.0 2,929.7 2,919.3 2,935.2 2,938.1 2,940.4 2.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,208 22,310 22,425 22,305 21,854 21,925 21,933 21,945 12

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,741.0 2,715.0 2,714.0 2,731.0 2,736.0 2,713.0 2,718.0 2,719.0 1.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,137.5 2,124.0 2,120.3 2,120.6 2,141.3 2,123.0 2,123.1 2,122.2 -0.9

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.3 590.6 593.7 610.2 594.3 590.3 595.2 597.0 1.8

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,169.0 5,244.0 5,260.0 5,200.0 5,064.0 5,077.0 5,078.0 5,085.0 7.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,527.3 2,593.5 2,614.1 2,549.3 2,410.3 2,417.9 2,421.2 2,424.0 2.8

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,641.6 2,650.4 2,645.6 2,650.5 2,653.3 2,659.1 2,657.0 2,661.3 4.3

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,298.0 14,351.0 14,451.0 14,374.0 14,054.0 14,135.0 14,137.0 14,141.0 4.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,093.3 8,072.1 8,167.6 8,131.7 7,773.3 7,815.7 7,815.2 7,817.2 2.0

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,204.2 6,279.0 6,283.3 6,242.6 6,280.5 6,318.9 6,321.4 6,323.5 2.1

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.3 34.5 34.6 34.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.4 40.6 40.7 40.7

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.8 44.9 44.9 44.9

Construction....................................................................... 38.7 39.2 39.2 39.4

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.9 40.9 41.1 41.0

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.4 41.4 41.6 41.4

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.2 40.1 40.4 40.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.1 33.4 33.4 33.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.4 34.6 34.7 34.7

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.6 38.8 38.9 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.5

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.7 38.7 38.8 39.1

Utilities........................................................................... 42.0 42.6 42.6 42.1

Information......................................................................... 36.9 36.8 36.7 36.5

Financial activities................................................................ 37.0 37.4 37.3 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.0 36.2 36.2 36.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.6 32.8 32.8 32.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.7 26.2 26.3 26.3

Other services..................................................................... 31.6 31.7 31.8 31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.5

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Total private............................................... $24.17 $24.56 $24.62 $24.57 $829.03 $847.32 $851.85 $850.12

Goods-producing....................................... 25.44 25.84 25.87 25.81 1,027.78 1,049.10 1,052.91 1,050.47

Mining and logging.................................. 30.59 30.93 30.93 30.61 1,370.43 1,388.76 1,388.76 1,374.39

Construction.......................................... 26.35 26.85 26.90 26.83 1,019.75 1,052.52 1,054.48 1,057.10

Manufacturing........................................ 24.60 24.93 24.96 24.91 1,006.14 1,019.64 1,025.86 1,021.31

Durable goods.................................... 26.01 26.24 26.23 26.19 1,076.81 1,086.34 1,091.17 1,084.27

Nondurable goods................................ 22.15 22.59 22.70 22.63 890.43 905.86 917.08 909.73

Private service-providing.............................. 23.87 24.26 24.33 24.28 790.10 810.28 812.62 810.95

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 21.11 21.45 21.49 21.45 726.18 742.17 745.70 744.32

Wholesale trade.................................. 27.87 28.11 28.22 28.17 1,075.78 1,090.67 1,097.76 1,095.81

Retail trade........................................ 16.66 17.09 17.11 17.04 521.46 536.63 538.97 536.76

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.71 22.88 22.90 22.92 878.88 885.46 888.52 896.17

Utilities............................................. 35.51 35.75 35.97 35.86 1,491.42 1,522.95 1,532.32 1,509.71

Information........................................... 33.43 34.10 34.39 34.34 1,233.57 1,254.88 1,262.11 1,253.41

Financial activities................................... 30.37 30.91 31.08 31.02 1,123.69 1,156.03 1,159.28 1,160.15

Professional and business services.............. 28.78 29.29 29.33 29.27 1,036.08 1,060.30 1,061.75 1,059.57

Education and health services..................... 24.55 24.82 24.97 24.89 800.33 814.10 819.02 813.90

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.65 14.07 14.08 14.08 350.81 368.63 370.30 370.30

Other services....................................... 21.72 22.02 22.07 22.09 686.35 698.03 701.83 702.46

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2014 -

Dec.

2014p

Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2014 -

Dec.

2014p

Total private..................................... 99.1 101.6 102.2 102.4 0.2 114.3 119.1 120.1 120.1 0.0

Goods-producing............................. 86.6 88.9 89.3 89.7 0.4 99.6 103.8 104.5 104.6 0.1

Mining and logging........................ 124.2 130.8 131.1 131.4 0.2 152.5 162.4 162.8 161.4 -0.9

Construction................................ 78.4 82.4 82.7 83.7 1.2 89.7 96.1 96.6 97.6 1.0

Manufacturing.............................. 88.7 89.7 90.4 90.3 -0.1 101.5 104.0 104.9 104.6 -0.3

Durable goods........................... 88.4 90.0 90.7 90.4 -0.3 102.1 104.9 105.7 105.2 -0.5

Nondurable goods...................... 89.7 89.4 90.3 89.9 -0.4 100.8 102.5 104.0 103.2 -0.8

Private service-providing.................... 102.5 105.4 105.7 105.9 0.2 118.6 124.0 124.7 124.7 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 97.9 100.0 100.5 100.6 0.1 111.2 115.4 116.3 116.2 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 97.6 99.7 100.1 100.3 0.2 113.5 117.0 117.9 117.9 0.0

Retail trade.............................. 97.0 98.5 99.2 99.3 0.1 106.9 111.3 112.2 111.8 -0.4

Transportation and warehousing...... 100.7 103.3 104.0 104.9 0.9 116.1 120.0 120.8 122.0 1.0

Utilities.................................... 100.2 102.2 102.5 101.7 -0.8 117.5 120.7 121.9 120.5 -1.1

Information................................. 90.1 90.3 90.1 89.6 -0.6 107.3 109.6 110.3 109.6 -0.6

Financial activities......................... 95.7 97.9 97.9 98.3 0.4 113.4 118.0 118.7 118.9 0.2

Professional and business services..... 106.7 110.7 111.1 111.4 0.3 124.4 131.3 132.1 132.2 0.1

Education and health services........... 111.1 113.9 114.1 114.0 -0.1 128.5 133.2 134.2 133.7 -0.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 105.9 110.4 111.2 111.5 0.3 116.6 125.3 126.3 126.6 0.2

Other services............................. 95.9 97.0 97.5 97.6 0.1 118.3 121.2 122.2 122.3 0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Total nonfarm............................................. 67,961 68,993 69,118 69,245 49.5 49.4 49.3 49.3

Total private............................................ 55,479 56,471 56,591 56,708 48.0 47.9 47.9 47.9

Goods-producing.................................... 4,133 4,216 4,220 4,232 22.0 21.9 21.9 21.9

Mining and logging............................... 117 125 126 127 13.3 13.5 13.6 13.6

Construction....................................... 746 778 780 784 12.7 12.8 12.7 12.7

Manufacturing..................................... 3,270 3,313 3,314 3,321 27.1 27.2 27.1 27.1

Durable goods.................................. 1,749 1,785 1,788 1,794 23.1 23.1 23.1 23.1

Nondurable goods............................. 1,521 1,528 1,526 1,527 34.0 34.2 34.1 34.1

Private service-providing........................... 51,346 52,255 52,371 52,476 53.1 53.0 53.0 53.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,629 10,747 10,768 10,775 40.6 40.5 40.4 40.4

Wholesale trade................................ 1,721.3 1,729.4 1,725.7 1,718.3 29.7 29.4 29.3 29.1

Retail trade..................................... 7,698.7 7,780.9 7,804.8 7,821.6 50.4 50.4 50.3 50.4

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,074.2 1,103.5 1,103.5 1,100.7 23.6 23.7 23.6 23.5

Utilities........................................... 134.9 133.4 133.7 133.9 24.5 24.1 24.0 24.0

Information......................................... 1,073 1,080 1,082 1,085 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.3

Financial activities................................ 4,537 4,574 4,582 4,591 57.4 57.2 57.2 57.2

Professional and business services............ 8,406 8,666 8,704 8,725 44.6 44.6 44.6 44.6

Education and health services.................. 16,311 16,623 16,651 16,701 76.8 76.8 76.8 76.9

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,517 7,665 7,677 7,687 52.1 51.9 51.8 51.7

Other services..................................... 2,873 2,900 2,907 2,912 52.4 52.5 52.5 52.6

Government............................................. 12,482 12,522 12,527 12,537 57.1 57.1 57.1 57.1

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Total private............................................................................... 95,471 97,290 97,550 97,743

Goods-producing....................................................................... 13,537 13,835 13,870 13,923

Mining and logging.................................................................. 649 676 677 679

Construction.......................................................................... 4,444 4,589 4,599 4,637

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,444 8,570 8,594 8,607

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,203 5,319 5,328 5,336

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,241 3,251 3,266 3,271

Private service-providing.............................................................. 81,934 83,455 83,680 83,820

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,109 22,394 22,454 22,460

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,676.1 4,758.5 4,755.2 4,763.5

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,056.4 13,155.2 13,197.6 13,193.9

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 3,930.8 4,033.1 4,054.2 4,052.6

Utilities.............................................................................. 445.9 446.9 446.9 449.9

Information............................................................................ 2,165 2,182 2,182 2,186

Financial activities................................................................... 6,087 6,169 6,180 6,195

Professional and business services............................................... 15,611 16,091 16,151 16,183

Education and health services..................................................... 18,649 19,001 19,037 19,080

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 12,746 13,031 13,067 13,105

Other services........................................................................ 4,567 4,587 4,609 4,611

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.5 33.8 33.8 33.9

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.2 41.6 41.7 41.7

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.9 47.5 47.7 47.7

Construction....................................................................... 39.0 39.9 39.8 40.1

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.9 42.1 42.2 42.2

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.3 42.5 42.6 42.5

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.2 41.4 41.7 41.6

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.3 32.5 32.5 32.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.5 33.6 33.7 33.8

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.6 38.5 38.6 38.6

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.0 30.0 30.1 30.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.4 38.4 38.5 38.9

Utilities........................................................................... 41.7 42.5 42.6 42.1

Information......................................................................... 36.1 36.2 36.2 36.0

Financial activities................................................................ 36.6 36.8 36.8 36.8

Professional and business services............................................ 35.2 35.6 35.7 35.7

Education and health services.................................................. 31.9 32.1 32.1 32.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.8 25.1 25.2 25.2

Other services..................................................................... 30.6 30.8 30.7 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.6

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.3 4.2 4.5 4.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Total private............................................... $20.35 $20.70 $20.74 $20.68 $681.73 $699.66 $701.01 $701.05

Goods-producing....................................... 21.38 21.71 21.72 21.71 880.86 903.14 905.72 905.31

Mining and logging.................................. 26.87 27.09 27.13 26.72 1,260.20 1,286.78 1,294.10 1,274.54

Construction.......................................... 24.35 24.80 24.82 24.75 949.65 989.52 987.84 992.48

Manufacturing........................................ 19.45 19.66 19.68 19.70 814.96 827.69 830.50 831.34

Durable goods.................................... 20.50 20.72 20.73 20.75 867.15 880.60 883.10 881.88

Nondurable goods................................ 17.72 17.88 17.93 17.96 730.06 740.23 747.68 747.14

Private service-providing.............................. 20.13 20.48 20.53 20.47 650.20 665.60 667.23 667.32

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 17.94 18.36 18.41 18.29 600.99 616.90 620.42 618.20

Wholesale trade.................................. 22.84 23.33 23.51 23.39 881.62 898.21 907.49 902.85

Retail trade........................................ 14.14 14.47 14.46 14.28 424.20 434.10 435.25 432.68

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.13 20.60 20.68 20.72 772.99 791.04 796.18 806.01

Utilities............................................. 32.78 32.94 33.04 33.10 1,366.93 1,399.95 1,407.50 1,393.51

Information........................................... 28.35 28.54 28.61 28.40 1,023.44 1,033.15 1,035.68 1,022.40

Financial activities................................... 24.24 24.91 25.05 25.07 887.18 916.69 921.84 922.58

Professional and business services.............. 23.93 24.24 24.24 24.16 842.34 862.94 865.37 862.51

Education and health services..................... 21.52 21.75 21.82 21.81 686.49 698.18 700.42 700.10

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 11.92 12.24 12.26 12.26 295.62 307.22 308.95 308.95

Other services....................................... 18.27 18.52 18.59 18.58 559.06 570.42 570.71 572.26

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2014 -

Dec.

2014p

Dec.

2013

Oct.

2014

Nov.

2014p

Dec.

2014p

Percent

change

from:

Nov.

2014 -

Dec.

2014p

Total private..................................... 106.6 109.6 109.9 110.4 0.5 144.9 151.6 152.3 152.6 0.2

Goods-producing............................. 85.2 87.9 88.4 88.7 0.3 111.6 116.9 117.6 117.9 0.3

Mining and logging........................ 161.7 170.6 171.6 172.1 0.3 252.8 268.8 270.8 267.5 -1.2

Construction................................ 86.8 91.7 91.6 93.1 1.6 114.1 122.8 122.8 124.4 1.3

Manufacturing.............................. 81.2 82.8 83.3 83.4 0.1 103.3 106.5 107.1 107.4 0.3

Durable goods........................... 82.7 84.9 85.3 85.2 -0.1 105.8 109.9 110.4 110.4 0.0

Nondurable goods...................... 78.7 79.3 80.2 80.2 0.0 98.5 100.2 101.7 101.8 0.1

Private service-providing.................... 112.7 115.5 115.9 116.4 0.4 155.6 162.3 163.1 163.4 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.3 104.9 105.5 105.8 0.3 132.1 137.4 138.5 138.1 -0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 106.3 107.9 108.1 108.3 0.2 143.0 148.3 149.7 149.2 -0.3

Retail trade.............................. 99.1 99.9 100.6 101.2 0.6 120.2 123.9 124.6 123.9 -0.6

Transportation and warehousing...... 113.6 116.6 117.5 118.7 1.0 145.1 152.3 154.1 156.0 1.2

Utilities.................................... 95.1 97.1 97.4 96.9 -0.5 130.1 133.5 134.3 133.8 -0.4

Information................................. 89.2 90.2 90.2 89.8 -0.4 125.2 127.4 127.7 126.3 -1.1

Financial activities......................... 104.9 106.9 107.1 107.3 0.2 156.4 163.8 165.0 165.5 0.3

Professional and business services..... 123.2 128.4 129.2 129.5 0.2 175.4 185.2 186.4 186.2 -0.1

Education and health services........... 127.0 130.2 130.4 130.7 0.2 180.3 186.8 187.8 188.1 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 115.8 119.8 120.6 121.0 0.3 156.7 166.5 167.9 168.4 0.3

Other services............................. 98.0 99.1 99.2 99.6 0.4 130.5 133.7 134.4 134.8 0.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary