Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-19-0360 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, March 8, 2019

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — FEBRUARY 2019

Total nonfarm payroll employment changed little in February (+20,000), and the unemployment rate 

declined to 3.8 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment in professional 

and business services, health care, and wholesale trade continued to trend up, while construction 

employment decreased. 

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 3.8 percent in February, and the number of 

unemployed persons decreased by 300,000 to 6.2 million. Among the unemployed, the number of job 

losers and persons who completed temporary jobs (including people on temporary layoff) declined 

by 225,000. This decline reflects, in part, the return of federal workers who were furloughed in January 

due to the partial government shutdown. (See tables A-1 and A-11.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.5 percent), Whites (3.3 

percent), and Hispanics (4.3 percent) decreased in February. The jobless rates for adult women (3.4 

percent), teenagers (13.4 percent), Blacks (7.0 percent), and Asians (3.1 percent) showed little or no 

change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, February 2017 – February 2019

Percent Thousands

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

Feb-17 May-17 Aug-17 Nov-17 Feb-18 May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Feb-19

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

February 2017 – February 2019

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Feb-17 May-17 Aug-17 Nov-17 Feb-18 May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Feb-19
 

-2- 

In February, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially

unchanged at 1.3 million and accounted for 20.4 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate held at 63.2 percent in February and has changed little over the year. 

The employment-population ratio, at 60.7 percent, was unchanged over the month but was up by 0.3 

percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) decreased by 837,000 to 4.3 million in February. This decline follows a 

sharp increase in January that may have resulted from the partial federal government shutdown. (Persons 

employed part time for economic reasons would have preferred full-time employment but were working 

part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs.) (See table A8.) 

In February, 1.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, a decrease of 178,000 

from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, 

wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the last 12 months. They 

were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the 

survey. (See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 428,000 discouraged workers in February, little changed 

from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently 

looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.0 million persons 

marginally attached to the labor force in February had not searched for work for reasons such as school 

attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in February (+20,000), after increasing by

311,000 in January. In 2018, job growth averaged 223,000 per month. In February, employment 

continued to trend up in professional and business services, health care, and wholesale trade, while 

construction employment declined. (See table B-1.) 

In February, employment in professional and business services continued to trend up (+42,000), in line 

with its average monthly gain over the prior 12 months. 

Health care added 21,000 jobs in February and 361,000 jobs over the year. Employment in ambulatory 

health care services edged up over the month (+16,000). 

In February, wholesale trade employment continued its upward trend (+11,000). The industry has 

added 95,000 jobs over the year, largely among durable goods wholesalers. 

Employment in construction declined by 31,000 in February, partially offsetting an increase of 53,000 

in January. In February, employment declined in heavy and civil engineering construction (-13,000). 

Over the year, construction has added 223,000 jobs. 

Manufacturing employment changed little in February (+4,000), after increasing by an average of 

22,000 per month over the prior 12 months. 
 

-3- 

In February, employment in leisure and hospitality was unchanged, after posting job gains of 89,000 

and 65,000 in January and December, respectively. Over the year, leisure and hospitality has added 

410,000 jobs. 

Employment in other major industries, including mining, retail trade, transportation and 

warehousing, information, financial activities, and government, showed little or no change over the 

month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour to 34.4 

hours in February. In manufacturing, the average workweek declined 0.1 hour to 40.7 hours, while 

overtime was unchanged at 3.5 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 

employees on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.2 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In February, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 11 cents 

to $27.66, following a 2-cent gain in January. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 

3.4 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees

increased by 8 cents to $23.18 in February. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised up from +222,000 to 

+227,000, and the change for January was revised up from +304,000 to +311,000. With these revisions, 

employment gains in December and January combined were 12,000 more than previously reported. 

(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies 

since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job 

gains have averaged 186,000 per month over the last 3 months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for March is scheduled to be released on Friday, April 5, 2019, at 8:30 

a.m. (EDT).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Change from:

Jan. 2019-

Feb. 2019

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 256,934 258,888 258,239 258,392 153

Civilian labor force........................................................... 161,900 163,240 163,229 163,184 -45

Participation rate.......................................................... 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.2 0.0

Employed................................................................... 155,213 156,945 156,694 156,949 255

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.4 60.6 60.7 60.7 0.0

Unemployed............................................................... 6,687 6,294 6,535 6,235 -300

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.8 -0.2

Not in labor force............................................................ 95,033 95,649 95,010 95,208 198

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.8 -0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.4 -0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 14.4 12.5 12.9 13.4 0.5

White.......................................................................... 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.3 -0.2

Black or African American.................................................. 6.8 6.6 6.8 7.0 0.2

Asian.......................................................................... 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.1 0.0

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.9 4.4 4.9 4.3 -0.6

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.3 -0.4

High school graduates, no college........................................ 4.4 3.8 3.8 3.8 0.0

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.2 -0.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.2 -0.2

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,227 2,903 3,082 2,857 -225

Job leavers...................................................................... 784 839 805 840 35

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,954 1,958 1,945 1,905 -40

New entrants.................................................................... 703 588 606 623 17

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,458 2,126 2,325 2,194 -131

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,900 2,027 2,013 1,810 -203

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 933 897 902 942 40

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,403 1,306 1,252 1,271 19

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 5,115 4,657 5,147 4,310 -837

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,293 2,891 3,451 2,792 -659

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,537 1,496 1,419 1,347 -72

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 21,120 21,234 20,949 21,153 204

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,602 1,556 1,614 1,424 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 373 375 426 428 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 227 311 20

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 224 308 25

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 40 81 -32

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4 7 -5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 16 53 -31

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 20 21 4

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 14 23 5

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 1.2 -0.4 1.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6 -2 -1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 184 227 57

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 12.5 10.0 10.9

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.7 -5.9 13.7 -6.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.4 -1.1 29.6 -3.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 -0.2 1.1 -0.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 -2 -12 0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1 9 6

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 37 15 42

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 13.5 -11.5 5.8

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 67 64 4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.9 52.9 37.3 22.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 65 89 0

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 11 8 3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3 3 -5

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 233 245 186

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 236 244 186

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 49.7 49.7 49.8

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 48.3 48.3 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.5 34.5 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.75 $27.53 $27.55 $27.66

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $922.88 $949.79 $950.48 $951.50

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.8 110.7 110.9 110.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 0.2 -0.3

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.2 145.6 146.1 146.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.1

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 65.9 60.7 57.2

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.4 65.1 60.5 51.3

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 142,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 689,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256,934 258,239 258,392 256,934 258,514 258,708 258,888 258,239 258,392

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,494 162,104 162,793 161,900 162,694 162,821 163,240 163,229 163,184

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 62.8 63.0 63.0 62.9 62.9 63.1 63.2 63.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,403 154,964 156,167 155,213 156,582 156,803 156,945 156,694 156,949

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.1 60.0 60.4 60.4 60.6 60.6 60.6 60.7 60.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,091 7,140 6,625 6,687 6,112 6,018 6,294 6,535 6,235

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,439 96,135 95,599 95,033 95,821 95,886 95,649 95,010 95,208

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,152 5,435 5,196 5,136 5,333 5,397 5,327 5,254 5,222

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,250 124,890 124,965 124,250 125,041 125,137 125,227 124,890 124,965

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,806 85,829 86,056 86,215 86,146 86,330 86,441 86,577 86,439

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 68.7 68.9 69.4 68.9 69.0 69.0 69.3 69.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,829 81,798 82,311 82,653 82,894 83,194 83,041 83,031 83,095

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 65.5 65.9 66.5 66.3 66.5 66.3 66.5 66.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,977 4,031 3,745 3,562 3,252 3,136 3,401 3,545 3,343

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.7 4.4 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.9 4.1 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,444 39,060 38,909 38,035 38,895 38,807 38,785 38,313 38,527

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,748 116,436 116,513 115,748 116,546 116,646 116,739 116,436 116,513

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,053 83,139 83,435 83,258 83,277 83,408 83,500 83,599 83,632

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 71.4 71.6 71.9 71.5 71.5 71.5 71.8 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,552 79,504 80,117 80,186 80,388 80,633 80,501 80,472 80,712

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 68.3 68.8 69.3 69.0 69.1 69.0 69.1 69.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,501 3,635 3,318 3,072 2,889 2,775 2,999 3,126 2,920

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.4 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,695 33,296 33,078 32,490 33,269 33,238 33,239 32,837 32,881

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,684 133,350 133,427 132,684 133,474 133,571 133,662 133,350 133,427

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,688 76,275 76,737 75,685 76,548 76,492 76,798 76,652 76,746

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 57.2 57.5 57.0 57.4 57.3 57.5 57.5 57.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,574 73,166 73,857 72,560 73,688 73,609 73,904 73,663 73,854

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.7 54.9 55.4 54.7 55.2 55.1 55.3 55.2 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,114 3,109 2,880 3,125 2,860 2,883 2,894 2,990 2,892

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,996 57,075 56,690 56,998 56,926 57,079 56,864 56,697 56,681

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,407 125,099 125,177 124,407 125,200 125,299 125,393 125,099 125,177

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,791 73,485 73,942 72,595 73,442 73,478 73,769 73,691 73,760

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.7 59.1 58.4 58.7 58.6 58.8 58.9 58.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,029 70,731 71,396 69,849 70,935 70,949 71,218 71,049 71,221

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.3 56.5 57.0 56.1 56.7 56.6 56.8 56.8 56.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,762 2,754 2,546 2,746 2,507 2,529 2,550 2,642 2,540

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,616 51,615 51,235 51,812 51,757 51,821 51,624 51,408 51,417

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,778 16,704 16,702 16,778 16,768 16,763 16,756 16,704 16,702

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,650 5,480 5,416 6,047 5,974 5,935 5,971 5,939 5,792

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 32.8 32.4 36.0 35.6 35.4 35.6 35.6 34.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,822 4,729 4,655 5,178 5,258 5,221 5,226 5,172 5,017

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.7 28.3 27.9 30.9 31.4 31.1 31.2 31.0 30.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828 751 761 870 715 714 745 767 776

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.7 13.7 14.0 14.4 12.0 12.0 12.5 12.9 13.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,128 11,224 11,286 10,731 10,795 10,828 10,785 10,765 10,909

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199,799 200,382 200,447 199,799 200,596 200,690 200,774 200,382 200,447

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,658 125,516 126,102 125,862 126,100 126,334 126,680 126,351 126,313

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 62.6 62.9 63.0 62.9 63.0 63.1 63.1 63.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,646 120,542 121,628 121,241 121,923 122,036 122,318 121,880 122,168

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.4 60.2 60.7 60.7 60.8 60.8 60.9 60.8 60.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,012 4,974 4,475 4,621 4,177 4,299 4,362 4,471 4,144

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,141 74,866 74,345 73,937 74,496 74,355 74,094 74,030 74,134

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,802 65,684 65,925 65,887 65,771 65,961 66,110 66,051 66,052

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.0 71.6 71.8 72.1 71.6 71.8 71.9 72.0 72.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,185 63,112 63,636 63,651 63,785 63,960 64,046 63,890 64,088

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 68.8 69.3 69.6 69.4 69.6 69.6 69.6 69.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,617 2,572 2,289 2,236 1,986 2,000 2,064 2,161 1,964

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,465 55,612 56,042 55,254 55,778 55,819 55,995 55,740 55,814

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.8 57.7 58.1 57.5 57.8 57.9 58.0 57.8 57.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,640 53,733 54,365 53,456 54,062 54,023 54,226 53,959 54,151

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 55.8 56.4 55.7 56.1 56.0 56.2 56.0 56.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,825 1,879 1,677 1,798 1,716 1,796 1,769 1,781 1,663

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,392 4,219 4,135 4,721 4,551 4,554 4,575 4,560 4,447

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.6 34.4 33.7 38.3 37.0 37.0 37.2 37.2 36.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,822 3,697 3,627 4,134 4,076 4,052 4,047 4,031 3,929

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.0 30.1 29.6 33.5 33.1 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570 523 508 587 476 502 528 530 518

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 12.4 12.3 12.4 10.5 11.0 11.6 11.6 11.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,607 32,868 32,897 32,607 32,887 32,923 32,956 32,868 32,897

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,360 20,549 20,441 20,518 20,564 20,451 20,460 20,628 20,575

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 62.5 62.1 62.9 62.5 62.1 62.1 62.8 62.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,928 19,033 18,944 19,118 19,290 19,232 19,107 19,220 19,137

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 57.9 57.6 58.6 58.7 58.4 58.0 58.5 58.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,432 1,516 1,497 1,399 1,274 1,219 1,353 1,408 1,437

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.4 7.3 6.8 6.2 6.0 6.6 6.8 7.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,246 12,318 12,457 12,089 12,323 12,472 12,496 12,240 12,322

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,339 9,320 9,333 9,448 9,400 9,310 9,284 9,367 9,414

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 67.6 67.6 69.3 68.2 67.4 67.2 67.9 68.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,744 8,584 8,595 8,889 8,814 8,771 8,709 8,705 8,734

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 62.2 62.3 65.2 63.9 63.5 63.0 63.1 63.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 736 738 559 586 539 575 662 680

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 7.9 7.9 5.9 6.2 5.8 6.2 7.1 7.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,261 10,433 10,358 10,264 10,327 10,303 10,359 10,419 10,366

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 62.8 62.3 62.4 62.2 62.0 62.2 62.8 62.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,615 9,820 9,793 9,642 9,825 9,789 9,749 9,847 9,822

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 59.2 58.9 58.6 59.2 58.9 58.6 59.3 59.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646 613 565 621 501 515 611 572 544

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 5.9 5.5 6.1 4.9 5.0 5.9 5.5 5.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 797 750 806 837 837 817 842 795

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.3 32.2 30.3 32.1 33.6 33.6 32.8 34.0 32.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569 629 556 587 650 672 650 669 582

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.7 25.4 22.5 23.4 26.1 27.0 26.1 27.0 23.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 168 194 219 187 165 167 173 213

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 21.0 25.9 27.1 22.4 19.7 20.5 20.6 26.8

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,792 16,034 16,055 15,792 16,030 16,096 16,138 16,034 16,055

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,934 10,264 10,383 9,925 10,280 10,334 10,262 10,298 10,369

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 64.0 64.7 62.8 64.1 64.2 63.6 64.2 64.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,635 9,938 10,053 9,630 9,956 10,050 9,929 9,978 10,045

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.0 62.0 62.6 61.0 62.1 62.4 61.5 62.2 62.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 326 329 294 324 284 334 321 324

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.1 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,858 5,770 5,672 5,868 5,750 5,762 5,876 5,736 5,686

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 42,335 43,044 43,127 42,335 43,054 43,146 43,234 43,044 43,127

Civilian labor force................................ 27,957 28,828 28,631 28,023 28,513 28,820 28,963 28,985 28,724

Participation rate............................... 66.0 67.0 66.4 66.2 66.2 66.8 67.0 67.3 66.6

Employed....................................... 26,469 27,208 27,270 26,656 27,266 27,524 27,701 27,579 27,480

Employment-population ratio............... 62.5 63.2 63.2 63.0 63.3 63.8 64.1 64.1 63.7

Unemployed.................................... 1,488 1,620 1,361 1,366 1,248 1,296 1,261 1,406 1,245

Unemployment rate......................... 5.3 5.6 4.8 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.3

Not in labor force................................. 14,378 14,217 14,496 14,313 14,541 14,326 14,271 14,060 14,403

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,280 15,657 15,628 15,315 15,448 15,595 15,651 15,699 15,675

Participation rate............................... 80.0 80.6 80.3 80.2 79.5 80.1 80.2 80.8 80.5

Employed....................................... 14,567 14,848 14,953 14,724 14,854 15,063 15,107 15,066 15,117

Employment-population ratio............... 76.3 76.4 76.8 77.1 76.4 77.3 77.4 77.6 77.7

Unemployed.................................... 713 809 675 591 594 533 544 633 557

Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 5.2 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.5 4.0 3.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,449 11,945 11,806 11,416 11,767 11,857 12,002 11,968 11,798

Participation rate............................... 59.3 60.8 59.9 59.1 59.9 60.2 60.8 60.9 59.9

Employed....................................... 10,840 11,332 11,328 10,821 11,266 11,308 11,487 11,396 11,331

Employment-population ratio............... 56.1 57.6 57.5 56.0 57.3 57.4 58.2 58.0 57.5

Unemployed.................................... 609 613 478 595 501 550 515 572 466

Unemployment rate......................... 5.3 5.1 4.0 5.2 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.8 4.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,228 1,226 1,197 1,291 1,298 1,367 1,310 1,318 1,252

Participation rate............................... 31.4 31.0 30.2 33.0 32.8 34.5 33.0 33.3 31.6

Employed....................................... 1,061 1,028 988 1,111 1,145 1,154 1,107 1,117 1,031

Employment-population ratio............... 27.1 26.0 24.9 28.4 28.9 29.1 27.9 28.2 26.0

Unemployed.................................... 167 198 209 180 153 214 202 201 221

Unemployment rate......................... 13.6 16.1 17.4 14.0 11.8 15.6 15.4 15.2 17.6

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 9,887 10,169 9,903 10,263 10,268 10,191 10,283 10,065 10,267

Participation rate.................................. 45.1 45.7 45.4 46.8 47.8 46.7 46.1 45.2 47.0

Employed.......................................... 9,190 9,419 9,243 9,683 9,658 9,619 9,683 9,489 9,720

Employment-population ratio................. 41.9 42.3 42.4 44.2 44.9 44.0 43.4 42.6 44.5

Unemployed....................................... 697 750 660 580 610 572 600 576 548

Unemployment rate............................ 7.0 7.4 6.7 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.3

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,992 35,968 36,153 36,068 36,103 35,901 36,154 36,301 36,230

Participation rate.................................. 57.4 57.9 58.1 57.5 57.6 57.6 58.1 58.5 58.2

Employed.......................................... 34,221 34,413 34,632 34,468 34,650 34,631 34,776 34,937 34,863

Employment-population ratio................. 54.6 55.4 55.6 55.0 55.3 55.6 55.9 56.3 56.0

Unemployed....................................... 1,771 1,554 1,521 1,600 1,454 1,271 1,377 1,363 1,367

Unemployment rate............................ 4.9 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.8

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,648 37,307 37,234 37,615 37,531 37,471 37,175 37,339 37,213

Participation rate.................................. 65.7 65.4 65.4 65.6 65.2 65.3 65.7 65.5 65.3

Employed.......................................... 36,212 35,939 35,956 36,307 36,392 36,293 35,954 36,071 36,040

Employment-population ratio................. 63.2 63.0 63.1 63.3 63.2 63.2 63.5 63.2 63.3

Unemployed....................................... 1,436 1,368 1,278 1,308 1,139 1,178 1,222 1,268 1,173

Unemployment rate............................ 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 57,260 58,338 59,139 56,608 57,968 58,451 58,701 58,472 58,497

Participation rate.................................. 74.4 73.8 74.3 73.6 73.5 73.8 73.6 74.0 73.5

Employed.......................................... 55,978 56,897 57,860 55,334 56,782 57,150 57,442 57,078 57,220

Employment-population ratio................. 72.8 72.0 72.7 71.9 72.0 72.1 72.0 72.2 71.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,281 1,441 1,279 1,273 1,186 1,301 1,260 1,395 1,277

Unemployment rate............................ 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.2

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2019

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,344 18,965 17,485 17,087 1,859 1,878

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,504 9,377 8,377 8,221 1,127 1,156

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.1 49.4 47.9 48.1 60.6 61.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,167 9,121 8,080 8,003 1,087 1,117

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.4 48.1 46.2 46.8 58.5 59.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 256 298 218 39 38

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 2.7 3.6 2.7 3.5 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,840 9,588 9,108 8,866 732 722

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,117 4,289 3,458 3,598 660 692

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,303 3,458 2,848 2,963 455 495

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.2 80.6 82.4 82.4 69.0 71.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,193 3,340 2,762 2,866 432 474

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.6 77.9 79.9 79.7 65.4 68.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 118 86 97 24 21

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.3 5.2 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815 831 610 635 204 196

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,058 3,051 2,536 2,526 521 524

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,458 2,378 2,058 2,012 399 366

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.4 77.9 81.1 79.6 76.6 69.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,380 2,327 1,987 1,966 393 361

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.8 76.3 78.3 77.8 75.4 68.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 51 72 46 6 5

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.1 3.5 2.3 1.5 1.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 673 478 515 122 158

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,786 7,366 7,521 7,113 265 253

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,624 1,535 1,562 1,473 62 62

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.9 20.8 20.8 20.7 23.3 24.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,578 1,512 1,520 1,454 58 59

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 20.5 20.2 20.4 21.8 23.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 23 43 20 4 3

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 1.5 2.7 1.3 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,162 5,831 5,959 5,640 203 191

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,383 4,259 3,970 3,850 413 409

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,119 2,006 1,909 1,773 210 233

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 47.1 48.1 46.1 50.9 56.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,016 1,941 1,812 1,718 205 224

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.0 45.6 45.6 44.6 49.5 54.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 65 97 56 6 9

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 3.2 5.1 3.1 2.8 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,264 2,253 2,061 2,077 203 176

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228,565 230,460 102,212 103,302 126,354 127,157

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,978 151,531 76,510 76,901 73,468 74,630

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 65.8 74.9 74.4 58.1 58.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,542 145,482 73,001 73,556 70,541 71,926

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 63.1 71.4 71.2 55.8 56.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,436 6,049 3,509 3,345 2,928 2,705

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.0 4.6 4.3 4.0 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,587 78,928 25,702 26,401 52,885 52,527

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2019

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 29,751 30,355 227,183 228,037

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,161 6,347 155,333 156,446

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.7 20.9 68.4 68.6

Employed............................................................................. 5,629 5,770 148,775 150,397

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.9 19.0 65.5 66.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 532 576 6,559 6,049

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.6 9.1 4.2 3.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,590 24,008 71,850 71,591

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,758 2,831 77,745 77,549

Participation rate..................................................................... 36.8 36.4 82.7 82.7

Employed............................................................................. 2,488 2,519 74,217 74,302

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 33.2 32.4 78.9 79.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 269 312 3,528 3,247

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.8 11.0 4.5 4.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,736 4,938 16,314 16,220

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,335 2,333 68,930 69,485

Participation rate..................................................................... 30.4 30.2 71.0 71.7

Employed............................................................................. 2,135 2,130 66,180 66,966

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 27.8 27.6 68.2 69.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 199 203 2,751 2,519

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.5 8.7 4.0 3.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,336 5,396 28,118 27,414

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,069 1,183 8,658 9,412

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.3 8.0 24.0 25.2

Employed............................................................................. 1,005 1,122 8,378 9,129

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.9 7.6 23.2 24.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 64 61 280 283

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.0 5.2 3.2 3.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,518 13,674 27,418 27,957

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2019

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 42,955 43,455 20,880 21,237 22,075 22,218

Civilian labor force.................................................. 28,218 28,892 16,168 16,572 12,051 12,320

Participation rate.................................................. 65.7 66.5 77.4 78.0 54.6 55.4

Employed.......................................................... 27,094 27,817 15,582 16,002 11,511 11,815

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.1 64.0 74.6 75.3 52.1 53.2

Unemployed....................................................... 1,124 1,075 585 570 539 505

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.4 4.5 4.1

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,736 14,563 4,712 4,665 10,024 9,898

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 213,979 214,937 103,370 103,728 110,609 111,209

Civilian labor force.................................................. 133,276 133,901 69,639 69,484 63,637 64,417

Participation rate.................................................. 62.3 62.3 67.4 67.0 57.5 57.9

Employed.......................................................... 127,310 128,351 66,247 66,309 61,063 62,041

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.5 59.7 64.1 63.9 55.2 55.8

Unemployed....................................................... 5,966 5,550 3,392 3,175 2,574 2,375

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.5 4.1 4.9 4.6 4.0 3.7

Not in labor force.................................................... 80,703 81,036 33,731 34,244 46,972 46,792

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,280 2,414 2,344 2,450 2,418 2,556 2,522 2,576 2,510

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,487 1,644 1,572 1,653 1,674 1,772 1,747 1,778 1,741

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 758 746 757 764 722 768 752 787 764

Unpaid family workers........................... 36 24 15 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 152,123 152,550 153,824 152,695 154,135 154,297 154,520 154,177 154,446

Wage and salary workers1...................... 143,213 143,834 145,148 143,741 145,071 145,313 145,478 145,251 145,674

Government..................................... 21,503 20,800 21,032 21,012 21,186 21,054 20,677 20,614 20,588

Private industries............................... 121,710 123,034 124,116 122,657 124,063 124,365 124,787 124,657 125,042

Private households.......................... 738 799 796 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 120,972 122,234 123,321 121,928 123,239 123,512 123,904 123,861 124,243

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,854 8,672 8,638 8,954 8,949 8,889 9,031 8,855 8,780

Unpaid family workers........................... 56 44 38 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,331 5,640 4,561 5,115 4,630 4,781 4,657 5,147 4,310

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,501 3,888 2,986 3,293 2,837 2,882 2,891 3,451 2,792

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,509 1,418 1,295 1,537 1,461 1,562 1,496 1,419 1,347

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,804 20,734 21,807 21,120 21,448 20,909 21,234 20,949 21,153

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,241 5,543 4,477 5,020 4,549 4,726 4,580 5,079 4,244

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,449 3,841 2,933 3,252 2,779 2,843 2,816 3,418 2,763

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,501 1,398 1,291 1,527 1,453 1,571 1,473 1,401 1,339

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,388 20,340 21,411 20,708 21,083 20,521 20,826 20,548 20,761

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,403 154,964 156,167 155,213 156,582 156,803 156,945 156,694 156,949

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,822 4,729 4,655 5,178 5,258 5,221 5,226 5,172 5,017

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,695 1,492 1,565 1,898 1,954 1,915 1,784 1,674 1,756

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,127 3,237 3,090 3,299 3,305 3,295 3,441 3,459 3,249

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,581 150,235 151,512 150,036 151,324 151,582 151,720 151,522 151,932

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,980 13,567 13,821 14,207 13,897 13,942 13,885 13,911 14,018

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,602 136,668 137,691 135,850 137,504 137,615 137,786 137,605 137,942

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,847 100,208 100,574 100,088 100,892 100,844 100,833 100,787 100,840

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,959 35,392 35,512 34,991 35,693 35,672 35,689 35,665 35,584

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,328 32,732 32,965 32,494 32,857 32,796 32,881 32,902 33,101

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,560 32,084 32,098 32,603 32,343 32,376 32,263 32,221 32,156

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,755 36,460 37,117 35,762 36,612 36,771 36,954 36,817 37,102

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,829 81,798 82,311 82,653 82,894 83,194 83,041 83,031 83,095

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,277 2,294 2,194 2,467 2,506 2,561 2,540 2,559 2,384

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748 708 751 866 895 848 848 805 860

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,529 1,586 1,443 1,619 1,621 1,711 1,686 1,735 1,535

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,552 79,504 80,117 80,186 80,388 80,633 80,501 80,472 80,712

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,213 6,868 7,006 7,381 7,082 7,089 7,044 7,101 7,148

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,339 72,636 73,111 72,793 73,331 73,519 73,435 73,398 73,566

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,400 53,358 53,539 53,721 53,789 53,933 53,774 53,808 53,858

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,824 18,958 19,002 18,928 19,169 19,201 19,165 19,132 19,119

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,424 17,600 17,760 17,586 17,625 17,664 17,701 17,772 17,899

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,152 16,799 16,777 17,207 16,995 17,068 16,908 16,904 16,840

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,939 19,278 19,572 19,072 19,542 19,587 19,661 19,591 19,708

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,574 73,166 73,857 72,560 73,688 73,609 73,904 73,663 73,854

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,545 2,435 2,461 2,711 2,753 2,660 2,686 2,613 2,633

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946 784 813 1,032 1,059 1,067 936 869 896

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,599 1,651 1,648 1,680 1,684 1,584 1,755 1,723 1,714

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,029 70,731 71,396 69,849 70,935 70,949 71,218 71,049 71,221

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,767 6,699 6,815 6,826 6,816 6,853 6,841 6,810 6,870

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,262 64,031 64,580 63,057 64,173 64,096 64,352 64,206 64,377

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,447 46,850 47,035 46,367 47,103 46,912 47,059 46,979 46,983

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,135 16,433 16,510 16,062 16,524 16,471 16,524 16,533 16,465

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,904 15,132 15,205 14,908 15,231 15,132 15,180 15,130 15,202

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,408 15,285 15,321 15,397 15,348 15,308 15,355 15,317 15,316

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,816 17,181 17,545 16,689 17,070 17,184 17,293 17,227 17,394

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,635 45,494 45,664 45,870 46,192 46,204 45,984 45,819 45,893

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,786 36,420 36,731 35,642 36,089 36,220 36,379 36,504 36,574

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,624 9,491 9,596 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,401 128,166 128,836 127,700 129,255 129,774 129,913 129,837 130,159

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,003 26,799 27,331 27,524 27,311 27,017 26,994 26,752 26,878

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,103 7,749 7,823 7,843 7,873 7,749 7,866 7,850 7,641

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,767 5,965 6,072 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,611 9,418 9,395 9,718 9,671 9,657 9,783 9,642 9,544

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 6,687 6,535 6,235 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.8

16 to 19 years..................................... 870 767 776 14.4 12.0 12.0 12.5 12.9 13.4

16 to 17 years.................................. 345 282 335 15.4 10.6 13.2 13.8 14.4 16.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 525 479 453 13.7 12.9 11.5 12.1 12.2 12.2

20 years and over................................ 5,817 5,768 5,459 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,037 1,143 1,090 6.8 6.8 6.6 7.2 7.6 7.2

25 years and over.............................. 4,784 4,640 4,372 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.1

25 to 54 years............................... 3,599 3,425 3,331 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2

25 to 34 years............................. 1,584 1,464 1,495 4.3 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.9 4.0

35 to 44 years............................. 1,035 984 886 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.6

45 to 54 years............................. 980 978 950 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.9

55 years and over........................... 1,188 1,207 1,029 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.7

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,562 3,545 3,343 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.9 4.1 3.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 490 419 423 16.6 12.6 12.3 13.7 14.1 15.1

16 to 17 years.................................. 182 149 189 17.3 11.1 14.8 14.9 15.6 18.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 313 261 251 16.2 13.5 11.1 13.7 13.1 14.0

20 years and over................................ 3,072 3,126 2,920 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 599 652 589 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.8 8.4 7.6

25 years and over.............................. 2,477 2,492 2,333 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.1

25 to 54 years............................... 1,794 1,818 1,762 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.2

25 to 34 years............................. 800 795 767 4.1 3.7 3.3 3.7 4.0 3.9

35 to 44 years............................. 497 526 479 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.6

45 to 54 years............................. 497 497 515 2.8 2.7 2.6 3.0 2.9 3.0

55 years and over........................... 684 673 571 3.5 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.3 2.8

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,125 2,990 2,892 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8

16 to 19 years..................................... 379 347 352 12.3 11.4 11.7 11.3 11.7 11.8

16 to 17 years.................................. 163 133 146 13.6 10.1 11.9 12.9 13.3 14.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 212 218 203 11.2 12.3 12.0 10.5 11.2 10.6

20 years and over................................ 2,746 2,642 2,540 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 437 491 501 6.0 6.1 5.8 6.5 6.7 6.8

25 years and over.............................. 2,307 2,148 2,040 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1

25 to 54 years............................... 1,805 1,607 1,570 3.7 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2

25 to 34 years............................. 784 669 728 4.7 3.6 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.2

35 to 44 years............................. 538 458 407 3.5 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.6

45 to 54 years............................. 484 480 435 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.8

55 years and over........................... 496 515 461 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.6

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 989 992 907 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.9

Married women, spouse present1................. 981 912 866 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3

Women who maintain families2.................... 637 539 496 6.2 5.3 5.4 4.5 5.4 4.9

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 5,391 5,415 5,087 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.7 4.0 3.8

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,281 1,176 1,135 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.8 4.2 4.1

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,716 3,791 3,300 3,227 2,858 2,842 2,903 3,082 2,857

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,172 1,432 1,088 871 793 804 762 937 820

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,544 2,359 2,212 2,356 2,066 2,038 2,141 2,144 2,037

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,799 1,536 1,406 1,667 1,365 1,337 1,432 1,427 1,300

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 745 823 806 689 701 701 710 717 737

Job leavers........................................... 774 804 840 784 731 697 839 805 840

Reentrants............................................ 1,962 1,999 1,908 1,954 1,914 1,880 1,958 1,945 1,905

New entrants......................................... 639 547 577 703 605 577 588 606 623

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 52.4 53.1 49.8 48.4 46.8 47.4 46.2 47.9 45.9

On temporary layoff.............................. 16.5 20.1 16.4 13.1 13.0 13.4 12.1 14.6 13.2

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 35.9 33.0 33.4 35.3 33.8 34.0 34.1 33.3 32.7

Job leavers........................................... 10.9 11.3 12.7 11.8 12.0 11.6 13.3 12.5 13.5

Reentrants............................................ 27.7 28.0 28.8 29.3 31.3 31.4 31.1 30.2 30.6

New entrants......................................... 9.0 7.7 8.7 10.5 9.9 9.6 9.3 9.4 10.0

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

New entrants......................................... 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,307 2,751 2,085 2,458 2,062 2,128 2,126 2,325 2,194

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,253 2,169 2,137 1,900 1,845 1,842 2,027 2,013 1,810

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,532 2,221 2,403 2,336 2,229 2,124 2,203 2,153 2,214

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,024 905 1,031 933 859 865 897 902 942

27 weeks and over............................... 1,507 1,316 1,371 1,403 1,370 1,259 1,306 1,252 1,271

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 22.7 19.2 21.5 22.9 22.4 21.7 21.8 20.5 21.7

Median duration, in weeks......................... 9.4 8.3 9.5 9.3 9.4 9.0 9.1 8.9 9.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 32.5 38.5 31.5 36.7 33.6 34.9 33.4 35.8 35.3

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 31.8 30.4 32.3 28.4 30.1 30.2 31.9 31.0 29.1

15 weeks and over.................................. 35.7 31.1 36.3 34.9 36.3 34.9 34.7 33.2 35.6

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 14.4 12.7 15.6 13.9 14.0 14.2 14.1 13.9 15.2

27 weeks and over............................... 21.3 18.4 20.7 21.0 22.3 20.7 20.5 19.3 20.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2019

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 154,403 156,167 7,091 6,625 4.4 4.1

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 62,908 64,281 1,301 1,317 2.0 2.0

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 25,625 26,562 530 565 2.0 2.1

Professional and related occupations.......................... 37,283 37,718 771 753 2.0 2.0

Service occupations................................................ 26,226 26,090 1,503 1,447 5.4 5.3

Sales and office occupations...................................... 32,992 33,200 1,538 1,452 4.5 4.2

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,541 15,292 736 800 4.5 5.0

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,451 17,908 802 652 4.4 3.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,109 13,964 1,092 939 7.2 6.3

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,129 1,143 162 190 12.5 14.3

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,020 8,272 781 598 8.9 6.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,961 4,549 149 151 2.9 3.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,168 18,633 1,012 868 5.3 4.5

Production occupations.......................................... 8,488 8,742 386 340 4.3 3.7

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,680 9,891 626 528 6.1 5.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2019

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 7,091 6,625 4.4 4.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,529 5,123 4.3 4.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 52 26 6.6 3.6

Construction.......................................................................... 732 588 7.8 6.2

Manufacturing........................................................................ 555 464 3.6 2.9

Durable goods..................................................................... 339 270 3.5 2.7

Nondurable goods................................................................ 216 194 3.7 3.3

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,064 978 5.3 5.0

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 260 297 3.7 4.1

Information............................................................................ 89 107 3.2 4.1

Financial activities................................................................... 218 264 2.2 2.6

Professional and business services............................................... 827 768 4.8 4.3

Education and health services..................................................... 598 621 2.5 2.5

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 903 794 6.8 5.8

Other services........................................................................ 230 215 3.4 3.2

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 154 190 9.6 11.1

Government workers................................................................... 411 397 1.9 1.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 358 337 3.6 3.4

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Oct.

2018

Nov.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.8

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.1

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 5.3 5.3 4.9 5.1 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.7

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 8.6 8.8 7.7 8.2 7.5 7.6 7.6 8.1 7.3

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2019

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 95,439 95,599 38,444 38,909 56,996 56,690

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,152 5,196 2,384 2,608 2,768 2,588

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 1,602 1,424 841 810 761 614

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 373 428 224 301 148 127

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,230 996 617 509 613 487

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 8,103 7,823 4,082 3,815 4,020 4,008

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.6 5.5 5.4

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,446 4,502 2,437 2,410 2,009 2,092

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,127 1,961 809 681 1,317 1,280

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 343 251 199 157 144 95

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,127 1,057 601 550 526 507

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Change

from:

Jan.2019 -

Feb.2019p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,665 151,203 148,306 149,133 148,097 150,275 150,586 150,606 20

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,968 128,363 125,945 126,363 125,697 127,790 128,098 128,123 25

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,056 20,881 20,559 20,570 20,497 20,961 21,042 21,010 -32

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695 753 746 743 706 752 759 754 -5

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 47.7 46.5 45.2 50.3 47.2 47.7 45.8 -1.9

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645.6 705.4 699.9 697.8 655.3 705.1 711.1 708.3 -2.8

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.6 148.3 148.7 148.9 141.2 148.3 149.8 150.6 0.8

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.8 192.8 188.9 189.4 188.9 194.9 195.5 195.7 0.2

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.7 52.9 52.8 52.7 50.9 52.7 52.7 52.8 0.1

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.9 40.9 40.7 40.9 41.0 41.0 41.0 41.1 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.2 99.0 95.4 95.8 97.0 101.1 101.8 101.8 0.0

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323.2 364.3 362.3 359.5 325.2 361.9 365.8 362.0 -3.8

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,840 7,313 7,072 7,062 7,199 7,400 7,453 7,422 -31

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,546.9 1,643.4 1,603.8 1,599.9 1,598.1 1,649.7 1,656.5 1,651.9 -4.6

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759.4 825.2 805.2 804.0 786.9 824.7 832.4 830.8 -1.6

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787.5 818.2 798.6 795.9 811.2 825.0 824.1 821.1 -3.0

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 930.0 1,033.2 971.2 970.9 1,032.2 1,075.4 1,086.0 1,072.8 -13.2

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,363.2 4,636.6 4,496.5 4,490.8 4,568.4 4,674.5 4,710.9 4,697.4 -13.5

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,918.1 2,026.9 1,970.6 1,963.5 2,005.4 2,046.7 2,061.5 2,052.2 -9.3

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,445.1 2,609.7 2,525.9 2,527.3 2,563.0 2,627.8 2,649.4 2,645.2 -4.2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,521 12,815 12,741 12,765 12,592 12,809 12,830 12,834 4

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,834 8,045 8,023 8,037 7,865 8,036 8,059 8,064 5

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399.1 406.1 404.0 406.9 404.8 406.2 409.5 411.7 2.2

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401.7 415.6 408.7 405.8 413.4 417.6 420.7 417.4 -3.3

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.1 384.0 382.8 383.1 377.6 382.0 382.6 383.2 0.6

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,444.7 1,483.3 1,480.8 1,478.1 1,449.4 1,481.2 1,484.9 1,482.0 -2.9

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,102.2 1,137.1 1,137.7 1,142.8 1,102.5 1,137.0 1,139.8 1,143.0 3.2

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,043.4 1,068.3 1,068.4 1,070.8 1,046.8 1,067.6 1,071.4 1,073.9 2.5

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 154.6 157.9 159.5 160.7 155.6 158.1 159.8 161.1 1.3

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.9 86.6 85.0 85.1 86.3 86.4 85.4 85.6 0.2

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365.8 372.4 373.3 375.2 366.7 372.3 375.0 376.0 1.0

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.5 416.8 417.5 416.9 404.3 416.5 417.9 417.8 -0.1

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 34.6 33.1 32.9 33.9 34.3 33.4 33.3 -0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 391.4 405.5 403.8 402.7 392.9 404.9 405.0 404.6 -0.4

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,679.6 1,735.3 1,733.3 1,739.3 1,679.9 1,731.6 1,735.0 1,738.5 3.5

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992.6 1,008.4 1,003.1 1,006.4 991.9 1,005.1 1,004.7 1,006.0 1.3

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.9 395.3 393.3 395.4 394.7 395.2 395.5 395.8 0.3

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600.7 614.4 610.6 612.1 603.1 613.1 614.2 614.2 0.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,687 4,770 4,718 4,728 4,727 4,773 4,771 4,770 -1

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,592.9 1,629.0 1,608.7 1,612.9 1,610.9 1,631.7 1,632.9 1,632.8 -0.1

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.5 113.0 111.8 112.0 112.5 112.6 112.1 112.1 0.0

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.4 116.5 114.1 113.4 116.3 116.1 114.7 114.3 -0.4

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.1 108.9 108.6 107.0 114.8 108.4 109.5 106.9 -2.6

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.7 370.4 368.3 369.9 364.4 370.7 369.6 369.5 -0.1

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 432.7 427.8 422.4 420.8 435.5 425.5 424.8 423.6 -1.2

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.2 114.6 112.0 112.3 117.1 116.7 116.5 117.1 0.6

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828.4 850.6 845.7 852.9 831.4 849.4 849.8 855.7 5.9

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725.6 738.3 731.8 735.4 727.5 737.7 736.6 737.0 0.4

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287.1 301.0 294.5 290.9 296.4 304.5 304.2 300.9 -3.3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,912 107,482 105,386 105,793 105,200 106,829 107,056 107,113 57

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,198 28,512 27,705 27,475 27,560 27,788 27,842 27,844 2

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,791.3 5,913.6 5,867.6 5,888.1 5,827.3 5,901.3 5,911.3 5,922.2 10.9

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,119.4 3,195.2 3,178.8 3,192.5 3,131.8 3,189.8 3,197.2 3,204.9 7.7

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,131.6 2,165.9 2,137.2 2,142.4 2,151.7 2,160.5 2,160.1 2,161.6 1.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Change

from:

Jan.2019 -

Feb.2019p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540.3 552.5 551.6 553.2 543.8 551.0 554.0 555.7 1.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,577.0 16,309.2 15,750.5 15,571.7 15,833.1 15,821.0 15,834.7 15,828.6 -6.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,997.3 2,026.1 2,012.6 2,020.7 2,014.1 2,033.8 2,034.3 2,037.4 3.1

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,292.5 1,303.5 1,296.4 1,300.5 1,298.2 1,304.9 1,304.0 1,306.0 2.0

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.9 152.4 150.2 151.4 158.2 159.7 160.4 159.0 -1.4

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 553.9 570.2 566.0 568.8 557.8 569.2 570.0 572.3 2.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 476.8 507.3 495.6 484.7 478.4 484.5 487.9 485.8 -2.1

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 491.1 489.7 479.3 471.0 493.5 474.2 471.8 474.2 2.4

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,268.8 1,264.2 1,237.2 1,261.1 1,313.2 1,301.0 1,301.9 1,305.1 3.2

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,056.9 3,138.2 3,094.2 3,089.5 3,084.1 3,107.9 3,109.6 3,113.6 4.0

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,054.6 1,090.0 1,068.0 1,040.5 1,058.8 1,062.3 1,059.7 1,048.0 -11.7

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918.6 939.9 935.3 932.7 931.7 942.7 947.6 945.6 -2.0

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,324.7 1,477.9 1,358.1 1,305.1 1,369.9 1,348.2 1,352.1 1,352.1 0.0

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579.1 596.5 568.1 549.3 594.3 542.8 558.9 559.2 0.3

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,037.8 3,319.0 3,112.6 3,027.3 3,099.0 3,105.1 3,095.0 3,091.9 -3.1

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,123.5 1,280.9 1,167.1 1,103.8 1,151.9 1,142.6 1,142.2 1,133.2 -9.0

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,914.3 2,038.1 1,945.5 1,923.5 1,947.2 1,962.5 1,952.7 1,958.7 6.0

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809.6 857.9 815.9 817.8 828.4 842.3 838.7 837.4 -1.3

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561.7 602.5 573.6 572.0 567.7 576.2 577.2 578.3 1.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,276.6 5,733.7 5,533.1 5,462.4 5,343.1 5,511.0 5,540.6 5,537.6 -3.0

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.5 506.5 506.5 508.2 499.2 508.3 510.3 512.4 2.1

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211.0 215.0 213.2 213.2 212.7 215.4 215.4 215.0 -0.4

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1 63.9 63.1 62.5 64.1 64.9 65.2 65.4 0.2

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,453.2 1,511.7 1,489.6 1,492.4 1,478.4 1,511.6 1,516.7 1,517.6 0.9

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501.1 503.1 493.6 497.9 489.6 487.4 484.4 486.8 2.4

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 47.8 47.6 46.9 49.0 47.7 47.7 47.2 -0.5

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 25.8 29.3 24.4 23.6 35.1 34.6 34.2 32.4 -1.8

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 702.2 726.4 714.9 716.9 706.1 721.3 721.0 720.9 -0.1

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679.8 925.5 804.5 724.6 701.5 749.8 764.3 754.6 -9.7

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,099.2 1,204.5 1,175.7 1,176.2 1,107.4 1,170.0 1,181.4 1,185.3 3.9

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.1 555.4 554.0 552.5 556.0 554.6 555.7 555.4 -0.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,807 2,839 2,769 2,805 2,812 2,827 2,815 2,815 0

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 728.8 735.5 730.7 732.4 731.0 732.8 733.7 734.7 1.0

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418.8 440.6 393.8 418.7 418.9 439.1 427.3 424.9 -2.4

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.5 271.9 270.1 270.5 269.5 270.4 271.1 271.2 0.1

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766.0 740.5 730.0 732.3 764.2 735.5 732.7 730.4 -2.3

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327.6 329.1 326.3 331.3 328.7 329.5 329.7 332.1 2.4

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297.6 321.6 318.2 319.9 299.2 319.7 320.1 321.7 1.6

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,476 8,622 8,567 8,576 8,528 8,615 8,624 8,630 6

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,287.6 6,339.6 6,310.8 6,321.9 6,298.0 6,328.1 6,328.4 6,332.7 4.3

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.3 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.4 19.6 19.6 19.7 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,643.0 2,641.2 2,631.5 2,631.8 2,647.2 2,638.5 2,637.7 2,636.5 -1.2

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,711.3 1,712.1 1,712.4 1,714.1 1,714.1 1,714.5 1,715.7 1,716.8 1.1

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,321.5 1,313.4 1,313.9 1,314.6 1,322.0 1,315.5 1,316.0 1,315.2 -0.8

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 620.5 620.6 611.5 609.6 621.6 616.6 613.8 611.6 -2.2

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 311.2 308.5 307.6 308.1 311.5 307.3 308.2 308.1 -0.1

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 947.4 970.1 959.6 962.4 950.6 966.9 965.2 965.9 0.7

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,677.9 2,708.7 2,700.1 2,708.1 2,680.8 2,703.1 2,705.9 2,710.6 4.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,188.6 2,282.8 2,256.4 2,254.1 2,229.6 2,286.9 2,295.5 2,296.8 1.3

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,620.2 1,687.3 1,666.9 1,668.2 1,641.0 1,682.8 1,687.4 1,689.7 2.3

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545.8 572.1 566.9 563.3 565.6 580.8 584.9 584.0 -0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Change

from:

Jan.2019 -

Feb.2019p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 22.6 23.4 22.6 22.6 23.0 23.3 23.2 23.1 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,462 21,345 20,853 20,989 20,774 21,254 21,269 21,311 42

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,232.8 9,463.6 9,431.1 9,519.5 9,186.0 9,434.9 9,451.9 9,473.9 22.0

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,132.1 1,146.6 1,134.1 1,135.3 1,139.4 1,139.9 1,142.1 1,142.7 0.6

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,100.3 1,030.8 1,088.2 1,143.4 992.5 1,034.3 1,032.4 1,036.5 4.1

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,442.3 1,494.5 1,476.9 1,484.4 1,462.1 1,495.3 1,498.7 1,504.5 5.8

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.1 148.6 145.6 147.7 142.0 146.3 147.8 149.4 1.6

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,088.8 2,164.1 2,160.3 2,168.2 2,088.2 2,162.2 2,164.4 2,167.7 3.3

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,450.4 1,519.0 1,491.5 1,500.6 1,464.9 1,505.7 1,510.1 1,515.3 5.2

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675.9 710.5 708.5 711.3 680.0 710.3 712.8 715.7 2.9

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.8 493.1 483.7 488.5 487.6 491.6 491.0 491.9 0.9

Other professional and technical services. . . 719.1 756.4 742.3 740.1 729.3 749.5 752.5 750.3 -2.2

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,330.9 2,398.4 2,389.4 2,389.0 2,343.2 2,395.3 2,398.3 2,402.1 3.8

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,898.4 9,483.3 9,032.4 9,080.5 9,245.2 9,423.3 9,418.8 9,434.9 16.1

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,478.0 9,038.2 8,590.0 8,637.4 8,817.0 8,976.1 8,969.8 8,984.4 14.6

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 509.1 519.3 520.2 518.7 511.0 518.6 522.1 521.1 -1.0

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.5 155.0 154.8 155.9 152.3 155.3 156.1 156.7 0.6

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,505.9 3,860.8 3,555.1 3,585.1 3,647.5 3,731.2 3,723.6 3,729.0 5.4

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,861.7 3,178.7 2,897.8 2,924.6 2,987.1 3,059.8 3,048.3 3,054.1 5.8

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900.8 921.2 901.1 896.3 899.2 897.5 897.8 895.3 -2.5

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.3 213.9 213.8 213.5 219.0 216.5 218.5 216.6 -1.9

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 930.3 954.4 931.4 935.9 939.6 948.1 943.9 947.0 3.1

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,948.3 2,087.6 1,987.1 2,002.6 2,127.5 2,177.2 2,175.3 2,184.7 9.4

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315.8 326.0 326.5 329.4 321.0 331.6 332.5 333.7 1.2

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420.4 445.1 442.4 443.1 428.2 447.2 449.0 450.5 1.5

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,620 24,092 23,801 24,112 23,481 23,912 23,976 23,980 4

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,866.7 3,852.5 3,653.7 3,911.5 3,706.4 3,745.5 3,772.5 3,753.8 -18.7

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,753.1 20,239.8 20,147.2 20,200.4 19,774.7 20,166.1 20,203.4 20,225.9 22.5

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,851.7 16,248.1 16,175.5 16,212.1 15,883.6 16,184.7 16,223.9 16,244.7 20.8

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,401.8 7,649.2 7,611.4 7,640.1 7,419.8 7,614.6 7,641.0 7,656.5 15.5

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,598.4 2,664.8 2,645.1 2,651.2 2,603.4 2,647.8 2,652.9 2,656.0 3.1

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941.7 975.5 972.8 975.6 943.4 971.5 974.4 977.0 2.6

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 910.7 957.5 950.7 954.7 914.2 954.0 955.6 958.3 2.7

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919.8 956.9 955.7 962.2 920.9 953.9 957.9 962.8 4.9

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 273.3 283.6 286.3 286.4 274.0 282.4 287.1 286.7 -0.4

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,448.7 1,506.7 1,497.0 1,505.5 1,454.4 1,500.3 1,505.7 1,510.4 4.7

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309.2 304.2 303.8 304.5 309.5 304.7 307.5 305.4 -2.1

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,104.7 5,207.4 5,200.8 5,206.5 5,109.5 5,195.1 5,208.5 5,212.7 4.2

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,345.2 3,391.5 3,363.3 3,365.5 3,354.3 3,375.0 3,374.4 3,375.5 1.1

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,609.2 1,617.5 1,602.3 1,602.3 1,613.5 1,609.2 1,605.6 1,606.2 0.6

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 640.7 649.2 643.1 644.1 641.8 647.2 645.5 645.7 0.2

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931.2 955.8 949.7 949.3 933.9 949.7 953.5 953.0 -0.5

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 164.1 169.0 168.2 169.8 165.0 168.9 169.8 170.5 0.7

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,901.4 3,991.7 3,971.7 3,988.3 3,891.1 3,981.4 3,979.5 3,981.2 1.7

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,430.1 2,503.5 2,491.9 2,497.2 2,429.7 2,502.2 2,500.0 2,499.6 -0.4

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 173.3 179.2 176.0 177.2 171.9 177.2 175.7 176.2 0.5

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 328.3 329.7 324.3 325.4 331.5 330.1 329.2 328.7 -0.5

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969.7 979.3 979.5 988.5 958.0 971.9 974.5 976.7 2.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,588 16,213 15,880 15,999 16,233 16,554 16,643 16,643 0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,131.4 2,264.2 2,195.8 2,226.2 2,371.8 2,444.6 2,474.3 2,470.8 -3.5

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 457.4 494.7 449.7 474.7 501.1 516.0 517.1 520.4 3.3

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.6 166.1 159.0 157.8 168.3 174.0 174.4 173.2 -1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Change

from:

Jan.2019 -

Feb.2019p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,520.4 1,603.4 1,587.1 1,593.7 1,702.4 1,754.6 1,782.8 1,777.2 -5.6

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,456.5 13,949.0 13,684.3 13,773.1 13,861.6 14,109.5 14,168.4 14,172.1 3.7

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,925.2 1,967.8 1,941.0 1,955.1 2,016.0 2,036.0 2,043.6 2,045.7 2.1

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,531.3 11,981.2 11,743.3 11,818.0 11,845.6 12,073.5 12,124.8 12,126.4 1.6

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,761 5,859 5,811 5,837 5,812 5,879 5,887 5,890 3

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,313.2 1,331.0 1,324.8 1,331.2 1,318.5 1,337.0 1,339.3 1,337.9 -1.4

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,477.7 1,524.6 1,498.2 1,509.4 1,497.2 1,524.2 1,522.4 1,529.5 7.1

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,970.3 3,003.6 2,987.8 2,996.7 2,996.1 3,018.2 3,025.4 3,022.7 -2.7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,697 22,840 22,361 22,770 22,400 22,485 22,488 22,483 -5

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,776.0 2,815.0 2,786.0 2,785.0 2,792.0 2,798.0 2,799.0 2,799.0 0.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,169.7 2,186.9 2,182.4 2,180.5 2,183.9 2,191.9 2,193.6 2,195.3 1.7

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606.3 628.2 603.3 604.6 608.1 606.3 605.0 604.0 -1.0

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,284.0 5,295.0 5,080.0 5,298.0 5,155.0 5,183.0 5,177.0 5,176.0 -1.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,619.6 2,611.8 2,396.8 2,610.3 2,475.6 2,486.7 2,480.0 2,473.8 -6.2

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,663.9 2,683.4 2,682.8 2,687.6 2,679.1 2,695.8 2,697.4 2,702.5 5.1

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,637.0 14,730.0 14,495.0 14,687.0 14,453.0 14,504.0 14,512.0 14,508.0 -4.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,256.1 8,284.3 8,092.9 8,274.9 7,949.6 7,973.7 7,978.7 7,974.3 -4.4

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,380.9 6,446.1 6,401.7 6,412.3 6,503.1 6,529.9 6,533.5 6,533.9 0.4

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.5 34.5 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.6 40.6 40.7 40.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.9 46.2 46.2 46.1

Construction....................................................................... 39.3 39.5 39.9 38.9

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.0 40.9 40.8 40.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.4 41.2 41.2 41.0

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.3 40.3 40.3 40.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.5 34.3 34.3 34.2

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.1 30.6 30.7 30.6

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 39.0 38.9 38.7 38.6

Utilities........................................................................... 41.9 42.4 42.3 42.5

Information......................................................................... 36.0 36.3 36.0 36.2

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.6 37.8 37.8

Professional and business services............................................ 36.2 36.1 36.2 36.2

Education and health services.................................................. 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.1 26.0 26.1 26.0

Other services..................................................................... 31.7 31.9 31.9 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.4

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Total private............................................... $26.75 $27.53 $27.55 $27.66 $922.88 $949.79 $950.48 $951.50

Goods-producing....................................... 27.96 28.62 28.53 28.66 1,135.18 1,161.97 1,161.17 1,152.13

Mining and logging.................................. 32.19 32.77 32.78 32.86 1,477.52 1,513.97 1,514.44 1,514.85

Construction.......................................... 29.53 30.42 30.27 30.45 1,160.53 1,201.59 1,207.77 1,184.51

Manufacturing........................................ 26.84 27.33 27.26 27.38 1,100.44 1,117.80 1,112.21 1,114.37

Durable goods.................................... 28.12 28.82 28.72 28.89 1,164.17 1,187.38 1,183.26 1,184.49

Nondurable goods................................ 24.65 24.77 24.75 24.80 993.40 998.23 997.43 996.96

Private service-providing.............................. 26.46 27.27 27.32 27.43 881.12 908.09 909.76 913.42

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 23.04 23.79 23.80 23.92 794.88 816.00 816.34 818.06

Wholesale trade.................................. 30.13 30.92 30.88 31.03 1,175.07 1,205.88 1,204.32 1,210.17

Retail trade........................................ 18.47 19.23 19.33 19.40 574.42 588.44 593.43 593.64

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.20 24.49 24.42 24.55 943.80 952.66 945.05 947.63

Utilities............................................. 39.98 41.68 41.29 41.42 1,675.16 1,767.23 1,746.57 1,760.35

Information........................................... 39.15 41.29 41.68 41.71 1,409.40 1,498.83 1,500.48 1,509.90

Financial activities................................... 34.25 35.37 35.44 35.54 1,287.80 1,329.91 1,339.63 1,343.41

Professional and business services.............. 32.10 32.99 33.03 33.17 1,162.02 1,190.94 1,195.69 1,200.75

Education and health services..................... 26.71 27.32 27.42 27.48 881.43 901.56 904.86 906.84

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 15.75 16.27 16.29 16.39 411.08 423.02 425.17 426.14

Other services....................................... 24.25 24.88 24.99 25.00 768.73 793.67 797.18 797.50

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2019 -

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2019 -

Feb.

2019p

Total private..................................... 108.8 110.7 110.9 110.6 -0.3 139.2 145.6 146.1 146.3 0.1

Goods-producing............................. 94.8 97.0 97.6 96.2 -1.4 119.8 125.4 125.8 124.6 -1.0

Mining and logging........................ 101.8 109.2 110.2 109.2 -0.9 131.6 143.6 145.0 144.1 -0.6

Construction................................ 97.5 100.8 102.5 99.5 -2.9 125.1 133.2 134.8 131.7 -2.3

Manufacturing.............................. 92.9 94.2 94.2 94.0 -0.2 115.9 119.8 119.4 119.7 0.3

Durable goods........................... 91.7 93.2 93.5 93.1 -0.4 114.5 119.3 119.2 119.4 0.2

Nondurable goods...................... 95.1 96.0 96.0 95.7 -0.3 118.9 120.7 120.5 120.4 -0.1

Private service-providing.................... 112.7 114.4 114.7 114.8 0.1 144.9 151.7 152.3 153.0 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.7 103.9 104.1 103.8 -0.3 128.7 133.3 133.6 133.9 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 100.2 101.5 101.7 101.9 0.2 126.3 131.3 131.4 132.2 0.6

Retail trade.............................. 100.0 98.3 98.7 98.4 -0.3 122.0 124.9 126.1 126.1 0.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 119.1 122.5 122.6 122.2 -0.3 146.2 152.2 151.8 152.2 0.3

Utilities.................................... 100.8 101.7 101.7 102.1 0.4 133.1 140.1 138.7 139.8 0.8

Information................................. 92.5 93.7 92.6 93.1 0.5 128.9 137.8 137.3 138.2 0.7

Financial activities......................... 105.0 106.1 106.8 106.8 0.0 140.3 146.4 147.6 148.1 0.3

Professional and business services..... 117.9 120.3 120.7 121.0 0.2 153.3 160.7 161.5 162.5 0.6

Education and health services........... 126.5 128.8 129.2 129.2 0.0 162.6 169.3 170.4 170.8 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 120.9 122.8 123.9 123.5 -0.3 153.6 161.2 162.9 163.3 0.2

Other services............................. 106.2 108.1 108.3 108.3 0.0 141.2 147.4 148.3 148.4 0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Total nonfarm............................................. 73,421 74,724 74,898 74,996 49.6 49.7 49.7 49.8

Total private............................................ 60,546 61,748 61,913 62,011 48.2 48.3 48.3 48.4

Goods-producing.................................... 4,501 4,651 4,673 4,676 22.0 22.2 22.2 22.3

Mining and logging............................... 91 95 96 97 12.9 12.6 12.6 12.9

Construction....................................... 918 956 961 961 12.8 12.9 12.9 12.9

Manufacturing..................................... 3,492 3,600 3,616 3,618 27.7 28.1 28.2 28.2

Durable goods.................................. 1,846 1,911 1,915 1,921 23.5 23.8 23.8 23.8

Nondurable goods............................. 1,646 1,689 1,701 1,697 34.8 35.4 35.7 35.6

Private service-providing........................... 56,045 57,097 57,240 57,335 53.3 53.4 53.5 53.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,073 11,129 11,160 11,167 40.2 40.0 40.1 40.1

Wholesale trade................................ 1,727.7 1,769.5 1,775.6 1,774.9 29.6 30.0 30.0 30.0

Retail trade..................................... 7,899.6 7,853.2 7,868.4 7,874.5 49.9 49.6 49.7 49.7

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,317.1 1,375.5 1,385.4 1,385.3 24.7 25.0 25.0 25.0

Utilities........................................... 128.5 130.8 131.0 132.3 23.1 23.6 23.6 23.8

Information......................................... 1,111 1,115 1,113 1,118 39.5 39.4 39.5 39.7

Financial activities................................ 4,821 4,868 4,876 4,882 56.5 56.5 56.5 56.6

Professional and business services............ 9,376 9,648 9,642 9,677 45.1 45.4 45.3 45.4

Education and health services.................. 18,074 18,462 18,500 18,520 77.0 77.2 77.2 77.2

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,506 8,736 8,801 8,823 52.4 52.8 52.9 53.0

Other services..................................... 3,084 3,139 3,148 3,148 53.1 53.4 53.5 53.4

Government............................................. 12,875 12,976 12,985 12,985 57.5 57.7 57.7 57.8

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Total private............................................................................... 103,549 105,244 105,508 105,486

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,736 15,063 15,130 15,095

Mining and logging.................................................................. 523 559 566 562

Construction.......................................................................... 5,376 5,517 5,560 5,518

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,837 8,987 9,004 9,015

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,404 5,540 5,560 5,571

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,433 3,447 3,444 3,444

Private service-providing.............................................................. 88,813 90,181 90,378 90,391

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,300 23,488 23,563 23,532

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,680.3 4,743.6 4,753.4 4,763.8

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,533.0 13,497.2 13,522.1 13,496.3

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,641.1 4,803.2 4,842.8 4,829.5

Utilities.............................................................................. 446.0 443.7 444.8 442.7

Information............................................................................ 2,260 2,285 2,266 2,267

Financial activities................................................................... 6,611 6,672 6,681 6,684

Professional and business services............................................... 16,915 17,340 17,346 17,389

Education and health services..................................................... 20,632 20,984 21,051 21,039

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,285 14,541 14,596 14,604

Other services........................................................................ 4,810 4,871 4,875 4,876

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.8 33.7 33.8 33.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.5 41.4 41.6 41.0

Mining and logging................................................................ 47.0 46.7 46.6 46.8

Construction....................................................................... 39.8 39.9 40.5 39.0

Manufacturing..................................................................... 42.2 42.0 42.0 41.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.6 42.5 42.4 42.1

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.7 41.3 41.5 41.3

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.5 32.4 32.5 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.9 33.7 33.9 33.7

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.8 38.8 38.7

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.3 30.1 30.4 30.2

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.5 38.2 38.0 37.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.6 42.6 42.4

Information......................................................................... 35.7 35.6 35.5 35.6

Financial activities................................................................ 37.0 36.9 37.1 37.0

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.4 35.5 35.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.3 32.2 32.2 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.0 24.8 24.9 24.8

Other services..................................................................... 30.7 30.9 30.8 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.4

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.4

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Total private............................................... $22.40 $23.09 $23.10 $23.18 $757.12 $778.13 $780.78 $778.85

Goods-producing....................................... 23.72 24.38 24.41 24.43 984.38 1,009.33 1,015.46 1,001.63

Mining and logging.................................. 27.74 28.71 29.02 28.97 1,303.78 1,340.76 1,352.33 1,355.80

Construction.......................................... 27.41 28.20 28.17 28.32 1,090.92 1,125.18 1,140.89 1,104.48

Manufacturing........................................ 21.34 21.85 21.84 21.90 900.55 917.70 917.28 915.42

Durable goods.................................... 22.29 22.81 22.79 22.86 949.55 969.43 966.30 962.41

Nondurable goods................................ 19.80 20.25 20.28 20.31 825.66 836.33 841.62 838.80

Private service-providing.............................. 22.12 22.82 22.82 22.92 718.90 739.37 741.65 742.61

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 19.52 20.32 20.21 20.32 661.73 684.78 685.12 684.78

Wholesale trade.................................. 24.74 25.70 25.52 25.75 962.39 997.16 990.18 996.53

Retail trade........................................ 15.52 16.28 16.23 16.30 470.26 490.03 493.39 492.26

Transportation and warehousing............... 21.60 22.13 22.07 22.12 831.60 845.37 838.66 836.14

Utilities............................................. 36.43 37.12 36.81 36.89 1,551.92 1,581.31 1,568.11 1,564.14

Information........................................... 31.32 32.95 33.05 33.20 1,118.12 1,173.02 1,173.28 1,181.92

Financial activities................................... 26.76 27.26 27.30 27.47 990.12 1,005.89 1,012.83 1,016.39

Professional and business services.............. 26.45 27.16 27.18 27.28 936.33 961.46 964.89 965.71

Education and health services..................... 23.39 23.97 24.04 24.09 755.50 771.83 774.09 775.70

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.64 14.17 14.23 14.27 341.00 351.42 354.33 353.90

Other services....................................... 20.50 21.10 21.23 21.24 629.35 651.99 653.88 654.19

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2019 -

Feb.

2019p

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019p

Feb.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2019 -

Feb.

2019p

Total private..................................... 116.6 118.2 118.8 118.1 -0.6 174.6 182.3 183.4 182.9 -0.3

Goods-producing............................. 93.5 95.3 96.2 94.6 -1.7 135.7 142.3 143.8 141.5 -1.6

Mining and logging........................ 130.6 138.7 140.2 139.8 -0.3 210.7 231.6 236.6 235.5 -0.5

Construction................................ 107.1 110.2 112.7 107.8 -4.3 158.6 167.8 171.5 164.8 -3.9

Manufacturing.............................. 85.6 86.6 86.8 86.5 -0.3 119.5 123.8 124.0 123.9 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 86.5 88.5 88.6 88.1 -0.6 120.3 126.0 126.0 125.7 -0.2

Nondurable goods...................... 84.3 83.9 84.2 83.8 -0.5 118.0 120.0 120.7 120.3 -0.3

Private service-providing.................... 122.9 124.4 125.1 124.7 -0.3 186.5 194.7 195.8 196.0 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 110.3 110.5 111.5 110.7 -0.7 153.7 160.4 160.9 160.7 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 108.1 109.2 109.5 109.4 -0.1 157.8 165.7 164.9 166.3 0.8

Retail trade.............................. 103.8 102.8 104.0 103.1 -0.9 138.0 143.4 144.7 144.1 -0.4

Transportation and warehousing...... 134.4 138.0 138.4 137.3 -0.8 184.1 193.7 193.7 192.6 -0.6

Utilities.................................... 97.2 96.7 96.9 96.0 -0.9 147.8 149.8 148.9 147.8 -0.7

Information................................. 92.1 92.8 91.8 92.1 0.3 142.8 151.4 150.2 151.4 0.8

Financial activities......................... 115.2 115.9 116.7 116.4 -0.3 189.6 194.4 196.0 196.8 0.4

Professional and business services..... 133.9 137.2 137.7 137.6 -0.1 210.6 221.7 222.5 223.3 0.4

Education and health services........... 142.1 144.1 144.5 144.4 -0.1 219.4 227.9 229.3 229.7 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 130.8 132.1 133.1 132.7 -0.3 202.6 212.6 215.1 215.0 0.0

Other services............................. 103.6 105.6 105.3 105.3 0.0 154.7 162.3 162.9 163.0 0.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.