Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-17-1448 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, November 3, 2017

Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — OCTOBER 2017 

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 261,000 in October, and the unemployment rate edged 

down to 4.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment in food services 

and drinking places increased sharply, mostly offsetting a decline in September that largely reflected the 

impact of Hurricanes Irma and Harvey. In October, job gains also occurred in professional and business 

services, manufacturing, and health care.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate edged down by 0.1 percentage point to 4.1 percent in October, and the number 

of unemployed persons decreased by 281,000 to 6.5 million. Since January, the unemployment rate has 

declined by 0.7 percentage point, and the number of unemployed persons has decreased by 1.1 million. 

(See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women (3.6 percent) and Whites 

(3.5 percent) declined in October. The jobless rates for adult men (3.8 percent), teenagers (13.7 percent), 

Blacks (7.5 percent), Asians (3.1 percent), and Hispanics (4.8 percent) showed little change. (See

tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, October 2015 – October 2017

Percent Thousands

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

October 2015 – October 2017

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17
- 2 - 

In October, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little 

changed at 1.6 million and accounted for 24.8 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate decreased by 0.4 percentage point to 62.7 percent in October but has 

shown little movement on net over the past 12 months. The employment-population ratio declined by 

0.2 percentage point over the month to 60.2 percent, after increasing by 0.3 percentage point in 

September. The employment-population ratio is up by 0.5 percentage point over the year. (See

table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) declined by 369,000 to 4.8 million in October. These individuals, who 

would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut 

back or because they were unable to find full-time jobs. Over the past 12 months, the number of 

involuntary part-time workers has decreased by 1.1 million. (See table A-8.)

In October, 1.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little changed from a year 

earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and 

were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 524,000 discouraged workers in October, essentially 

unchanged from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons 

not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.0 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in October had not searched for work for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 261,000 in October, after changing little in 

September (+18,000). Employment in food services and drinking places increased sharply over the 

month, mostly offsetting a decline in September that largely reflected the impact of Hurricanes Irma and 

Harvey. In October, employment also increased in professional and business services, manufacturing, 

and health care. (See table B-1.) 

Employment in food services and drinking places rose sharply in October (+89,000), following a 

decrease of 98,000 in September when many workers were off payrolls due to the hurricanes. 

Professional and business services added 50,000 jobs in October, about in line with its average 

monthly gain over the prior 12 months. 

Manufacturing employment rose by 24,000 in October, with job gains in computer and electronic 

products (+5,000) and chemicals (+4,000). Employment in fabricated metals continued to trend up 

(+4,000). Manufacturing has added 156,000 jobs since a recent employment low in November 2016. 

Health care added 22,000 jobs in October. Employment in ambulatory health care services continued to 

trend up over the month (+16,000). Health care has added an average of 24,000 jobs per month thus far 

in 2017, compared with an average gain of 32,000 per month in 2016. 
- 3 - 

Employment in other major industries, including mining, construction, wholesale trade, retail trade, 

transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, and government, changed little in 

October.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours in 

October. In manufacturing, the workweek increased by 0.2 hour to 41.0 hours, and overtime edged up 

by 0.1 hour to 3.5 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls, at $26.53, were little changed

in October (-1 cent), after rising by 12 cents in September. Over the past 12 months, average hourly 

earnings have increased by 63 cents, or 2.4 percent. In October, average hourly earnings of privatesector production and nonsupervisory employees, at $22.22, were little changed (-1 cent). (See tables 

B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised up from +169,000 to 

+208,000, and the change for September was revised up from -33,000 to +18,000. With these revisions, 

employment was 90,000 higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional 

reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from 

the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have averaged 162,000 over the last 3 

months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, 

December 8, 2017, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).

Conversion to the 2017 North American Industry Classification System 

With the release of January 2018 data on February 2, 2018, the establishment survey will revise 

the basis for industry classification from the 2012 North American Industry Classification 

System (NAICS) to 2017 NAICS. The conversion to 2017 NAICS will result in minor 

revisions reflecting content changes within the mining and logging, retail trade, information, 

financial activities, and professional and business services sectors. Additionally, some smaller 

industries will be combined within the mining and logging, durable goods, retail trade, and 

information sectors. Several industry titles and descriptions also will be updated.

Approximately 4 percent of employment will be reclassified into different industries as a result 

of the revision. Details of new, discontinued, and combined industries due to the 2017 NAICS

update, as well as changes due to the annual benchmarking process, will be available on 

January 5, 2018. 

For more information on the 2017 NAICS update, visit www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Change from:

Sept. 2017-

Oct. 2017

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 254,321 255,357 255,562 255,766 204

Civilian labor force........................................................... 159,643 160,571 161,146 160,381 -765

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.8 62.9 63.1 62.7 -0.4

Employed................................................................... 151,902 153,439 154,345 153,861 -484

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.7 60.1 60.4 60.2 -0.2

Unemployed............................................................... 7,740 7,132 6,801 6,520 -281

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.1 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 94,678 94,785 94,417 95,385 968

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.1 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.6 4.1 3.9 3.8 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.6 -0.3

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 15.6 13.6 12.9 13.7 0.8

White.......................................................................... 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Black or African American.................................................. 8.6 7.7 7.0 7.5 0.5

Asian.......................................................................... 3.4 4.0 3.7 3.1 -0.6

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 5.7 5.2 5.1 4.8 -0.3

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.3 -0.2

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 7.4 6.0 6.5 5.7 -0.8

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.5 5.1 4.3 4.3 0.0

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.7 0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.0 -0.3

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,749 3,523 3,359 3,227 -132

Job leavers...................................................................... 945 804 738 742 4

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,339 2,132 2,079 2,006 -73

New entrants.................................................................... 791 656 669 629 -40

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,393 2,222 2,226 2,129 -97

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,273 2,015 1,874 1,942 68

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,167 1,055 963 853 -110

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,964 1,740 1,733 1,621 -112

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 5,850 5,255 5,122 4,753 -369

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,481 3,266 3,121 2,952 -169

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,093 1,645 1,733 1,629 -104

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,765 21,447 21,011 20,923 -88

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,700 1,548 1,569 1,535 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 487 448 421 524 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 208 18 261

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 184 15 252

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 73 18 33

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 5 1 -2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 24 11 11

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5 44 6 24

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 34 7 19

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 23.4 -2.5 3.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 10 -1 5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 111 -3 219

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 5.1 9.1 5.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6.8 -2.4 6.7 -8.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 6.7 25.1 8.4

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 -0.2 0.4 0.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6 0 -3 -1

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 10 13 5

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 47 22 50

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.6 8.7 7.8 18.3

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 46 22 41

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 19.3 7.8 33.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 -9 -102 106

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 3 12

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -8 24 3 9

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 185 121 162

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 175 111 150

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 49.5 49.5 49.5

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 48.1 48.1 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.4 34.4 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25.90 $26.42 $26.54 $26.53

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $890.96 $908.85 $912.98 $912.63

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.9 107.4 107.4 107.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.2 135.6 136.3 136.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.1

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (261 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 63.4 61.1 59.6

Manufacturing (78 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.3 70.5 58.3 62.2

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 634,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000 

(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,321 255,562 255,766 254,321 254,957 255,151 255,357 255,562 255,766

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,783 161,049 160,465 159,643 160,145 160,494 160,571 161,146 160,381

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 63.0 62.7 62.8 62.8 62.9 62.9 63.1 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,335 154,494 154,223 151,902 153,168 153,513 153,439 154,345 153,861

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 60.5 60.3 59.7 60.1 60.2 60.1 60.4 60.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,447 6,556 6,242 7,740 6,977 6,981 7,132 6,801 6,520

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.1 3.9 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,539 94,513 95,301 94,678 94,813 94,657 94,785 94,417 95,385

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,613 5,415 4,938 5,889 5,431 5,420 5,844 5,628 5,185

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,889 123,516 123,617 122,889 123,215 123,311 123,413 123,516 123,617

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,991 85,516 85,236 84,994 84,992 84,989 85,137 85,520 85,230

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 69.2 69.0 69.2 69.0 68.9 69.0 69.2 68.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,966 82,119 81,875 80,717 81,290 81,273 81,310 81,883 81,659

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 66.5 66.2 65.7 66.0 65.9 65.9 66.3 66.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,025 3,397 3,362 4,278 3,702 3,715 3,826 3,636 3,570

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.0 3.9 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,898 37,999 38,380 37,895 38,223 38,323 38,277 37,996 38,387

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,401 115,020 115,120 114,401 114,721 114,817 114,918 115,020 115,120

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,065 82,633 82,455 81,967 81,975 82,108 82,252 82,569 82,340

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.7 71.8 71.6 71.6 71.5 71.5 71.6 71.8 71.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,538 79,662 79,530 78,232 78,707 78,830 78,847 79,377 79,231

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 69.3 69.1 68.4 68.6 68.7 68.6 69.0 68.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,527 2,972 2,925 3,735 3,268 3,278 3,405 3,192 3,109

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.6 3.5 4.6 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,337 32,387 32,665 32,434 32,746 32,709 32,666 32,451 32,781

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,432 132,047 132,149 131,432 131,742 131,840 131,943 132,047 132,149

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,791 75,533 75,228 74,648 75,153 75,505 75,435 75,626 75,152

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 57.2 56.9 56.8 57.0 57.3 57.2 57.3 56.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,369 72,375 72,348 71,185 71,878 72,240 72,129 72,461 72,202

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.3 54.8 54.7 54.2 54.6 54.8 54.7 54.9 54.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,423 3,158 2,880 3,463 3,274 3,265 3,306 3,165 2,950

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.2 3.8 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,640 56,514 56,921 56,783 56,590 56,334 56,509 56,421 56,998

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,179 123,781 123,882 123,179 123,480 123,577 123,679 123,781 123,882

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,061 72,670 72,443 71,784 72,149 72,526 72,425 72,569 72,206

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.7 58.5 58.3 58.4 58.7 58.6 58.6 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,997 69,820 69,872 68,698 69,241 69,599 69,500 69,737 69,592

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.0 56.4 56.4 55.8 56.1 56.3 56.2 56.3 56.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,064 2,849 2,571 3,085 2,907 2,927 2,925 2,831 2,615

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.9 3.5 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,117 51,111 51,440 51,395 51,332 51,051 51,254 51,212 51,676

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,741 16,761 16,763 16,741 16,756 16,757 16,759 16,761 16,763

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,656 5,746 5,567 5,892 6,021 5,860 5,895 6,008 5,836

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 34.3 33.2 35.2 35.9 35.0 35.2 35.8 34.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,800 5,011 4,821 4,972 5,220 5,084 5,092 5,230 5,039

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.7 29.9 28.8 29.7 31.2 30.3 30.4 31.2 30.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856 735 746 920 801 775 803 778 797

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1 12.8 13.4 15.6 13.3 13.2 13.6 12.9 13.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,084 11,015 11,196 10,849 10,735 10,898 10,865 10,753 10,928

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198,633 199,191 199,298 198,633 198,872 198,974 199,082 199,191 199,298

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,779 125,320 124,777 124,700 124,890 124,968 125,037 125,393 124,731

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 62.9 62.6 62.8 62.8 62.8 62.8 63.0 62.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,677 120,857 120,692 119,310 120,091 120,262 120,209 120,753 120,408

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 60.7 60.6 60.1 60.4 60.4 60.4 60.6 60.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,102 4,463 4,085 5,391 4,799 4,706 4,828 4,641 4,324

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 3.6 3.3 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,854 73,871 74,520 73,932 73,982 74,006 74,046 73,797 74,567

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,359 65,412 65,318 65,259 65,225 65,141 65,262 65,339 65,216

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.0 71.8 71.7 71.9 71.8 71.6 71.7 71.7 71.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,886 63,378 63,380 62,592 62,886 62,904 62,961 63,143 63,121

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 69.6 69.6 68.9 69.2 69.2 69.2 69.3 69.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,473 2,034 1,937 2,668 2,339 2,238 2,301 2,196 2,095

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.1 3.0 4.1 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,014 55,501 55,149 54,852 55,015 55,393 55,282 55,476 55,009

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.6 57.9 57.5 57.4 57.5 57.9 57.7 57.9 57.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,993 53,577 53,515 52,774 53,100 53,420 53,286 53,551 53,318

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 55.9 55.8 55.3 55.5 55.8 55.7 55.9 55.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,021 1,924 1,635 2,078 1,915 1,973 1,996 1,925 1,691

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.5 3.0 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,406 4,407 4,310 4,589 4,650 4,433 4,492 4,578 4,506

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.7 35.7 34.9 37.2 37.7 35.9 36.4 37.1 36.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,799 3,902 3,798 3,944 4,105 3,938 3,962 4,058 3,968

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8 31.6 30.8 31.9 33.3 31.9 32.1 32.9 32.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608 505 513 645 545 495 530 520 538

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 11.5 11.9 14.1 11.7 11.2 11.8 11.4 11.9

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,028 32,333 32,370 32,028 32,226 32,260 32,296 32,333 32,370

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,904 20,227 20,264 19,801 20,002 20,096 20,092 20,232 20,144

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 62.6 62.6 61.8 62.1 62.3 62.2 62.6 62.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,222 18,842 18,744 18,104 18,576 18,617 18,544 18,819 18,636

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 58.3 57.9 56.5 57.6 57.7 57.4 58.2 57.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,682 1,385 1,520 1,696 1,426 1,479 1,548 1,413 1,508

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 6.8 7.5 8.6 7.1 7.4 7.7 7.0 7.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,124 12,106 12,106 12,228 12,224 12,163 12,204 12,101 12,225

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,046 9,315 9,276 9,011 9,084 9,163 9,205 9,279 9,225

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.8 69.0 68.6 67.5 67.5 68.0 68.2 68.7 68.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,284 8,708 8,580 8,223 8,510 8,522 8,487 8,654 8,530

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 64.5 63.4 61.6 63.3 63.3 62.9 64.1 63.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762 606 696 789 574 641 718 625 694

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 6.5 7.5 8.8 6.3 7.0 7.8 6.7 7.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,160 10,153 10,291 10,079 10,143 10,170 10,127 10,149 10,200

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 62.2 63.0 62.3 62.4 62.5 62.1 62.2 62.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,419 9,549 9,609 9,367 9,455 9,511 9,474 9,541 9,542

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 58.5 58.8 57.9 58.1 58.4 58.1 58.5 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740 604 682 712 689 660 653 608 657

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 5.9 6.6 7.1 6.8 6.5 6.4 6.0 6.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698 759 697 710 774 763 760 804 720

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.7 30.2 27.8 28.2 30.8 30.4 30.3 32.0 28.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518 584 555 515 611 585 583 624 564

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.6 23.3 22.1 20.5 24.3 23.3 23.2 24.9 22.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 174 142 196 163 178 178 180 156

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8 23.0 20.4 27.5 21.1 23.3 23.4 22.4 21.7

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,344 15,483 15,466 15,344 15,367 15,290 15,341 15,483 15,466

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,717 9,973 9,794 9,797 9,792 9,789 9,886 10,005 9,871

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 64.4 63.3 63.8 63.7 64.0 64.4 64.6 63.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,393 9,619 9,507 9,462 9,443 9,418 9,489 9,638 9,569

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 62.1 61.5 61.7 61.4 61.6 61.9 62.3 61.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 353 288 334 350 370 397 366 302

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.5 2.9 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,627 5,510 5,671 5,547 5,575 5,502 5,455 5,478 5,594

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 41,011 41,579 41,665 41,011 41,323 41,404 41,492 41,579 41,665

Civilian labor force................................ 26,954 27,599 27,328 26,931 27,290 27,487 27,322 27,633 27,323

Participation rate............................... 65.7 66.4 65.6 65.7 66.0 66.4 65.8 66.5 65.6

Employed....................................... 25,482 26,270 26,077 25,389 25,974 26,078 25,914 26,229 26,002

Employment-population ratio............... 62.1 63.2 62.6 61.9 62.9 63.0 62.5 63.1 62.4

Unemployed.................................... 1,472 1,329 1,250 1,542 1,315 1,409 1,408 1,404 1,321

Unemployment rate......................... 5.5 4.8 4.6 5.7 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.1 4.8

Not in labor force................................. 14,057 13,980 14,337 14,080 14,034 13,917 14,170 13,946 14,342

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,902 15,124 14,987 14,861 14,976 15,085 15,017 15,119 14,958

Participation rate............................... 80.6 80.8 79.9 80.4 80.5 80.9 80.4 80.8 79.7

Employed....................................... 14,208 14,584 14,459 14,118 14,414 14,425 14,298 14,507 14,379

Employment-population ratio............... 76.8 77.9 77.1 76.4 77.5 77.4 76.5 77.5 76.6

Unemployed.................................... 694 540 528 743 562 660 719 612 579

Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 3.6 3.5 5.0 3.8 4.4 4.8 4.0 3.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,917 11,251 11,158 10,912 11,030 11,176 11,091 11,256 11,158

Participation rate............................... 58.3 59.2 58.6 58.3 58.4 59.1 58.5 59.2 58.6

Employed....................................... 10,344 10,630 10,639 10,314 10,451 10,580 10,570 10,643 10,612

Employment-population ratio............... 55.3 55.9 55.9 55.1 55.4 55.9 55.8 56.0 55.7

Unemployed.................................... 573 621 519 598 579 596 521 613 545

Unemployment rate......................... 5.2 5.5 4.6 5.5 5.3 5.3 4.7 5.4 4.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,135 1,224 1,184 1,158 1,284 1,227 1,214 1,258 1,207

Participation rate............................... 29.8 31.7 30.6 30.5 33.4 31.9 31.5 32.6 31.2

Employed....................................... 930 1,056 980 958 1,110 1,073 1,046 1,078 1,011

Employment-population ratio............... 24.5 27.4 25.3 25.2 28.9 27.9 27.1 27.9 26.1

Unemployed.................................... 205 168 204 200 174 154 169 179 196

Unemployment rate......................... 18.0 13.7 17.2 17.3 13.6 12.5 13.9 14.3 16.3

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,450 10,611 10,141 10,657 10,304 10,570 10,565 10,575 10,302

Participation rate.................................. 44.4 46.4 45.3 45.3 45.3 47.3 46.2 46.3 46.1

Employed.......................................... 9,753 9,985 9,624 9,872 9,649 9,842 9,933 9,891 9,717

Employment-population ratio................. 41.5 43.7 43.0 42.0 42.4 44.0 43.4 43.3 43.5

Unemployed....................................... 698 626 516 784 655 728 632 684 585

Unemployment rate............................ 6.7 5.9 5.1 7.4 6.4 6.9 6.0 6.5 5.7

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,168 36,147 35,788 35,871 35,850 35,648 35,931 35,904 35,586

Participation rate.................................. 58.3 57.8 57.2 57.8 57.8 57.7 57.6 57.4 56.9

Employed.......................................... 34,314 34,676 34,358 33,912 34,196 34,038 34,106 34,367 34,062

Employment-population ratio................. 55.3 55.4 54.9 54.6 55.2 55.1 54.7 54.9 54.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,854 1,471 1,431 1,959 1,653 1,610 1,825 1,537 1,523

Unemployment rate............................ 5.1 4.1 4.0 5.5 4.6 4.5 5.1 4.3 4.3

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 38,196 37,583 37,987 38,119 37,579 37,475 37,388 37,659 37,785

Participation rate.................................. 66.5 65.9 66.2 66.4 65.6 65.4 65.9 66.1 65.8

Employed.......................................... 36,773 36,249 36,636 36,666 36,150 36,077 35,978 36,306 36,402

Employment-population ratio................. 64.1 63.6 63.8 63.9 63.1 63.0 63.4 63.7 63.4

Unemployed....................................... 1,423 1,333 1,351 1,453 1,429 1,397 1,411 1,353 1,383

Unemployment rate............................ 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.7

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 54,179 55,711 55,728 54,064 55,283 55,696 55,595 55,655 55,587

Participation rate.................................. 74.3 74.2 73.9 74.1 73.9 73.7 73.9 74.2 73.7

Employed.......................................... 52,801 54,464 54,604 52,683 53,982 54,378 54,250 54,395 54,453

Employment-population ratio................. 72.4 72.6 72.4 72.2 72.2 72.0 72.1 72.5 72.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,378 1,247 1,124 1,380 1,302 1,318 1,345 1,260 1,134

Unemployment rate............................ 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.0

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2017

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,808 20,493 18,789 18,457 2,019 2,036

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,678 10,184 9,362 8,958 1,316 1,227

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.3 49.7 49.8 48.5 65.2 60.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,218 9,906 8,976 8,705 1,242 1,201

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.1 48.3 47.8 47.2 61.5 59.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 278 387 253 74 26

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 2.7 4.1 2.8 5.6 2.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,130 10,309 9,427 9,499 703 809

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,932 4,161 3,258 3,421 674 740

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,258 3,316 2,730 2,816 528 500

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.9 79.7 83.8 82.3 78.3 67.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,105 3,196 2,601 2,713 504 483

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.0 76.8 79.8 79.3 74.7 65.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 120 130 104 24 16

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 3.6 4.7 3.7 4.5 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674 845 527 605 147 241

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,381 3,365 2,847 2,863 534 502

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,701 2,618 2,290 2,253 411 365

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.9 77.8 80.4 78.7 77.1 72.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,603 2,570 2,217 2,214 386 356

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.0 76.4 77.9 77.3 72.3 70.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 49 73 40 25 9

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 1.9 3.2 1.8 6.1 2.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680 746 557 610 122 137

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,373 7,964 8,073 7,676 300 288

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,089 1,779 2,005 1,708 85 71

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.0 22.3 24.8 22.3 28.2 24.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,998 1,730 1,921 1,659 77 71

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.9 21.7 23.8 21.6 25.7 24.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 50 84 50 8 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 2.8 4.2 2.9 8.9 –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,284 6,185 6,068 5,968 215 217

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,122 5,003 4,611 4,497 511 506

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,629 2,471 2,337 2,179 292 291

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.3 49.4 50.7 48.5 57.2 57.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,512 2,411 2,237 2,120 275 291

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.0 48.2 48.5 47.2 53.8 57.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 60 100 59 17 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 2.4 4.3 2.7 5.9 0.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,493 2,532 2,274 2,318 219 215

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224,455 225,807 99,594 100,389 124,862 125,418

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,077 148,074 74,701 75,253 72,376 72,821

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 65.6 75.0 75.0 58.0 58.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,458 142,414 71,247 72,312 69,211 70,101

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 63.1 71.5 72.0 55.4 55.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,619 5,660 3,454 2,941 3,165 2,719

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 3.8 4.6 3.9 4.4 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,379 77,734 24,893 25,136 52,486 52,598

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2017

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,227 30,255 224,094 225,511

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,052 6,360 153,730 154,105

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.0 21.0 68.6 68.3

Employed............................................................................. 5,454 5,877 146,881 148,346

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.0 19.4 65.5 65.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 598 482 6,849 5,760

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.9 7.6 4.5 3.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,175 23,895 70,363 71,406

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,662 2,805 77,065 77,085

Participation rate..................................................................... 34.1 36.5 82.5 82.4

Employed............................................................................. 2,406 2,588 73,511 74,130

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 30.8 33.7 78.7 79.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 256 217 3,555 2,955

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.6 7.8 4.6 3.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,143 4,872 16,362 16,478

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,265 2,347 68,387 68,608

Participation rate..................................................................... 28.5 30.2 70.8 71.0

Employed............................................................................. 1,991 2,133 65,381 66,080

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 25.1 27.4 67.7 68.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 275 214 3,006 2,528

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.1 9.1 4.4 3.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,675 5,433 28,222 28,086

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,125 1,208 8,278 8,412

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.8 8.2 24.3 23.9

Employed............................................................................. 1,057 1,156 7,989 8,136

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.3 7.8 23.5 23.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 68 51 289 276

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.0 4.2 3.5 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,357 13,590 25,779 26,841

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2017

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 41,785 41,668 20,153 20,191 21,632 21,476

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,060 27,374 15,485 15,774 11,575 11,600

Participation rate.................................................. 64.8 65.7 76.8 78.1 53.5 54.0

Employed.......................................................... 25,965 26,343 14,913 15,296 11,051 11,046

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.1 63.2 74.0 75.8 51.1 51.4

Unemployed....................................................... 1,096 1,031 572 477 524 554

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.0 4.5 4.8

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,725 14,294 4,668 4,417 10,057 9,877

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 212,536 214,099 102,736 103,426 109,799 110,673

Civilian labor force.................................................. 132,722 133,091 69,506 69,463 63,216 63,629

Participation rate.................................................. 62.4 62.2 67.7 67.2 57.6 57.5

Employed.......................................................... 126,370 127,880 66,053 66,578 60,317 61,302

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.5 59.7 64.3 64.4 54.9 55.4

Unemployed....................................................... 6,352 5,211 3,453 2,884 2,899 2,327

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.8 3.9 5.0 4.2 4.6 3.7

Not in labor force.................................................... 79,814 81,007 33,230 33,963 46,583 47,044

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,408 2,367 2,559 2,317 2,457 2,317 2,339 2,307 2,460

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,575 1,616 1,814 1,493 1,611 1,582 1,584 1,547 1,722

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 810 732 721 817 818 708 722 746 739

Unpaid family workers........................... 23 19 24 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 149,927 152,126 151,664 149,604 150,848 151,208 151,143 152,093 151,357

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 141,123 143,214 142,564 140,806 141,989 142,714 142,466 143,106 142,285

Government..................................... 20,746 20,873 20,753 20,698 20,868 21,052 21,080 20,947 20,737

Private industries............................... 120,377 122,341 121,811 120,073 121,053 121,627 121,366 122,188 121,582

Private households.......................... 757 583 571 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 119,620 121,758 121,240 119,325 120,457 120,964 120,712 121,570 121,018

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,748 8,871 9,067 8,731 8,753 8,475 8,602 8,856 8,961

Unpaid family workers........................... 57 42 33 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,648 4,818 4,553 5,850 5,326 5,282 5,255 5,122 4,753

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,321 2,908 2,762 3,481 3,286 3,161 3,266 3,121 2,952

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,085 1,702 1,609 2,093 1,727 1,754 1,645 1,733 1,629

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,265 21,001 21,395 20,765 20,791 21,260 21,447 21,011 20,923

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,567 4,740 4,496 5,748 5,282 5,231 5,179 5,032 4,696

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,269 2,864 2,734 3,415 3,249 3,137 3,217 3,071 2,943

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,079 1,682 1,594 2,082 1,720 1,739 1,633 1,713 1,613

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,930 20,677 21,034 20,455 20,443 20,909 21,087 20,689 20,604

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,335 154,494 154,223 151,902 153,168 153,513 153,439 154,345 153,861

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,800 5,011 4,821 4,972 5,220 5,084 5,092 5,230 5,039

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,659 2,036 1,903 1,665 1,931 1,816 1,918 1,983 1,944

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,141 2,975 2,918 3,283 3,285 3,265 3,165 3,229 3,079

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,535 149,482 149,402 146,930 147,949 148,429 148,347 149,114 148,823

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,895 14,108 14,180 13,889 13,992 14,199 14,209 14,235 14,216

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,640 135,375 135,222 133,100 134,010 134,349 134,125 134,845 134,651

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,806 99,686 99,584 98,442 98,666 98,906 98,559 99,222 99,178

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,015 34,793 34,755 33,934 34,404 34,500 34,310 34,655 34,664

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,758 32,232 32,254 31,604 31,913 31,889 31,824 32,035 32,082

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,034 32,661 32,574 32,904 32,349 32,517 32,425 32,533 32,432

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,834 35,688 35,638 34,658 35,344 35,442 35,566 35,622 35,472

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,966 82,119 81,875 80,717 81,290 81,273 81,310 81,883 81,659

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,429 2,457 2,345 2,485 2,583 2,443 2,463 2,506 2,428

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743 932 857 754 893 798 883 903 895

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,685 1,525 1,488 1,725 1,677 1,643 1,574 1,609 1,532

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,538 79,662 79,530 78,232 78,707 78,830 78,847 79,377 79,231

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,105 7,263 7,248 7,122 7,240 7,351 7,369 7,326 7,296

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,433 72,398 72,282 71,128 71,488 71,551 71,470 72,002 71,939

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,815 53,247 53,242 52,627 52,657 52,692 52,531 52,956 53,018

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,273 18,684 18,655 18,223 18,425 18,473 18,420 18,599 18,598

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,126 17,361 17,414 17,038 17,226 17,129 17,085 17,255 17,314

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,416 17,202 17,173 17,365 17,006 17,091 17,026 17,102 17,106

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,618 19,152 19,040 18,502 18,831 18,858 18,939 19,047 18,921

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,369 72,375 72,348 71,185 71,878 72,240 72,129 72,461 72,202

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,372 2,554 2,477 2,487 2,637 2,641 2,629 2,724 2,611

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916 1,104 1,046 911 1,038 1,018 1,036 1,080 1,049

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,456 1,450 1,430 1,558 1,608 1,621 1,591 1,620 1,547

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,997 69,820 69,872 68,698 69,241 69,599 69,500 69,737 69,592

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,790 6,844 6,932 6,767 6,752 6,849 6,841 6,909 6,920

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,207 62,976 62,940 61,972 62,522 62,798 62,655 62,842 62,711

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,991 46,440 46,342 45,815 46,010 46,214 46,027 46,267 46,160

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,741 16,110 16,100 15,710 15,980 16,027 15,890 16,056 16,066

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,632 14,871 14,840 14,566 14,687 14,760 14,739 14,780 14,768

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,618 15,460 15,401 15,539 15,343 15,427 15,399 15,431 15,326

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,216 16,536 16,598 16,157 16,513 16,584 16,628 16,576 16,551

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,445 45,846 45,886 45,331 45,913 45,574 45,327 45,646 45,826

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,608 35,696 36,072 35,404 35,803 35,946 35,475 35,571 35,873

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,034 9,673 9,829 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,588 127,235 127,055 124,190 125,975 125,921 125,755 126,690 126,667

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,747 27,259 27,168 27,770 27,142 27,535 27,569 27,650 27,235

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,050 7,359 7,409 7,758 7,639 7,589 7,346 7,366 7,188

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.8 4.8 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.7

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,704 5,974 6,171 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,558 9,602 9,789 9,549 9,571 9,183 9,325 9,603 9,700

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 7,740 6,801 6,520 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1

16 to 19 years..................................... 920 778 797 15.6 13.3 13.2 13.6 12.9 13.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 412 313 334 19.8 13.9 15.5 14.7 13.6 14.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 511 472 466 13.5 13.2 11.6 13.1 12.8 13.1

20 years and over................................ 6,820 6,023 5,723 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,270 1,160 1,105 8.4 7.5 7.4 7.1 7.5 7.2

25 years and over.............................. 5,561 4,877 4,608 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.3

25 to 54 years............................... 4,255 3,684 3,501 4.1 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.6 3.4

25 to 34 years............................. 1,816 1,588 1,602 5.1 4.4 4.6 4.9 4.4 4.4

35 to 44 years............................. 1,284 1,051 1,003 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0

45 to 54 years............................. 1,155 1,045 895 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.6 3.1 2.7

55 years and over........................... 1,329 1,175 1,128 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,278 3,636 3,570 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.2

16 to 19 years..................................... 543 444 462 17.9 14.4 15.2 14.6 15.1 16.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 212 164 186 22.0 14.4 17.9 15.0 15.4 17.2

18 to 19 years.................................. 334 289 286 16.2 14.8 13.4 14.7 15.2 15.7

20 years and over................................ 3,735 3,192 3,109 4.6 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.8

20 to 24 years.................................. 769 692 639 9.7 8.4 8.0 7.6 8.6 8.0

25 years and over.............................. 2,977 2,518 2,468 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.4 3.3

25 to 54 years............................... 2,229 1,907 1,830 4.1 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.5 3.3

25 to 34 years............................. 985 842 849 5.1 4.5 4.5 5.0 4.3 4.4

35 to 44 years............................. 664 519 502 3.8 3.2 3.5 3.3 2.9 2.8

45 to 54 years............................. 580 545 479 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.1 2.7

55 years and over........................... 748 611 638 3.9 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.3

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,463 3,165 2,950 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2 3.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 377 333 335 13.2 12.2 11.3 12.7 10.9 11.4

16 to 17 years.................................. 199 149 148 18.0 13.5 13.5 14.3 12.1 12.4

18 to 19 years.................................. 178 184 180 10.2 11.3 9.7 11.5 10.2 10.4

20 years and over................................ 3,085 2,831 2,615 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.6

20 to 24 years.................................. 502 468 466 6.9 6.4 6.7 6.6 6.3 6.3

25 years and over.............................. 2,584 2,359 2,140 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.3

25 to 54 years............................... 2,026 1,777 1,671 4.2 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.5

25 to 34 years............................. 832 745 754 5.0 4.2 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.5

35 to 44 years............................. 620 532 501 4.1 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.3

45 to 54 years............................. 575 500 416 3.6 3.9 3.2 3.6 3.1 2.6

55 years and over........................... 580 571 496 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.3 2.9

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,300 1,059 944 2.8 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.0

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,087 915 887 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.4

Women who maintain families2.................... 652 672 578 6.1 6.9 6.8 7.2 6.5 5.6

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 6,283 5,556 5,230 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.0

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,466 1,230 1,282 5.0 4.2 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.5

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,352 2,992 2,859 3,749 3,444 3,378 3,523 3,359 3,227

On temporary layoff.............................. 673 568 561 994 900 1,044 1,032 895 842

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,679 2,424 2,298 2,755 2,545 2,334 2,490 2,464 2,384

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,856 1,742 1,648 1,906 1,758 1,676 1,799 1,759 1,709

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 823 682 650 848 787 658 691 705 676

Job leavers........................................... 975 805 763 945 820 757 804 738 742

Reentrants............................................ 2,374 2,127 2,040 2,339 2,043 2,083 2,132 2,079 2,006

New entrants......................................... 746 631 580 791 682 703 656 669 629

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 45.0 45.6 45.8 47.9 49.3 48.8 49.5 49.1 48.9

On temporary layoff.............................. 9.0 8.7 9.0 12.7 12.9 15.1 14.5 13.1 12.8

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 36.0 37.0 36.8 35.2 36.4 33.7 35.0 36.0 36.1

Job leavers........................................... 13.1 12.3 12.2 12.1 11.7 10.9 11.3 10.8 11.2

Reentrants............................................ 31.9 32.4 32.7 29.9 29.2 30.1 30.0 30.4 30.4

New entrants......................................... 10.0 9.6 9.3 10.1 9.8 10.2 9.2 9.8 9.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0

Job leavers........................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

New entrants......................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,218 2,227 1,958 2,393 2,305 2,133 2,222 2,226 2,129

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,142 1,740 1,839 2,273 1,933 2,017 2,015 1,874 1,942

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,087 2,589 2,445 3,130 2,612 2,742 2,795 2,696 2,474

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,157 889 847 1,167 948 957 1,055 963 853

27 weeks and over............................... 1,930 1,700 1,598 1,964 1,664 1,785 1,740 1,733 1,621

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 27.9 26.9 27.1 27.0 24.7 24.9 24.4 26.8 26.0

Median duration, in weeks......................... 10.5 10.3 10.1 10.2 9.6 10.6 10.5 10.3 9.9

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 29.8 34.0 31.4 30.7 33.6 30.9 31.6 32.8 32.5

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 28.8 26.5 29.5 29.2 28.2 29.3 28.7 27.6 29.7

15 weeks and over.................................. 41.5 39.5 39.2 40.1 38.1 39.8 39.7 39.7 37.8

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 15.5 13.6 13.6 15.0 13.8 13.9 15.0 14.2 13.0

27 weeks and over............................... 25.9 25.9 25.6 25.2 24.3 25.9 24.7 25.5 24.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2017

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 152,335 154,223 7,447 6,242 4.7 3.9

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 59,766 61,062 1,506 1,285 2.5 2.1

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 24,922 25,620 646 498 2.5 1.9

Professional and related occupations.......................... 34,844 35,442 860 787 2.4 2.2

Service occupations................................................ 27,013 27,075 1,749 1,444 6.1 5.1

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,538 33,633 1,474 1,363 4.2 3.9

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,757 15,795 730 656 4.4 4.0

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,781 17,838 744 707 4.0 3.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,993 14,324 873 724 5.9 4.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,037 1,222 78 67 7.0 5.2

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,933 8,183 594 495 7.0 5.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,023 4,920 202 163 3.9 3.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,025 18,129 1,078 833 5.6 4.4

Production occupations.......................................... 8,410 8,575 488 311 5.5 3.5

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,614 9,554 590 522 5.8 5.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2017

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 7,447 6,242 4.7 3.9

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,689 4,810 4.5 3.8

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 46 39 5.8 4.8

Construction.......................................................................... 512 418 5.7 4.5

Manufacturing........................................................................ 693 501 4.3 3.2

Durable goods..................................................................... 432 314 4.3 3.2

Nondurable goods................................................................ 260 187 4.3 3.2

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 898 849 4.4 4.2

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 251 284 3.7 4.1

Information............................................................................ 114 105 4.1 3.9

Financial activities................................................................... 264 214 2.7 2.2

Professional and business services............................................... 924 715 5.5 4.1

Education and health services..................................................... 795 677 3.4 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 928 796 6.7 5.8

Other services........................................................................ 263 210 4.0 3.1

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 85 79 5.3 4.3

Government workers................................................................... 470 462 2.2 2.2

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 456 311 4.5 3.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2016

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017

Oct.

2017

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.9 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.7 4.1 3.9 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 5.0 4.3 4.2 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.4

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 5.7 5.0 4.8 5.9 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.1 5.0

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 9.2 8.0 7.6 9.5 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.3 7.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2017

Oct.

2016

Oct.

2017

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 94,539 95,301 37,898 38,380 56,640 56,921

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,613 4,938 2,633 2,287 2,979 2,650

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,700 1,535 880 837 820 698

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 487 524 288 335 199 190

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,213 1,010 592 503 621 508

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 8,050 7,409 3,878 3,681 4,172 3,727

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.3 4.8 4.8 4.5 5.8 5.2

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,373 4,167 2,423 2,256 1,950 1,912

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,115 1,770 706 587 1,409 1,183

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 329 295 155 226 174 70

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,185 1,124 581 598 604 526

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Change

from:

Sept.2017

-

Oct.2017p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,969 146,587 146,964 148,006 145,006 146,731 146,749 147,010 261

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,312 125,313 124,669 125,272 122,698 124,382 124,397 124,649 252

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,970 20,447 20,346 20,355 19,727 20,077 20,095 20,128 33

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 729 727 726 659 718 719 717 -2

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.4 51.0 50.7 50.2 50.7 49.1 49.2 48.8 -0.4

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618.4 677.6 676.6 675.4 608.6 668.8 669.7 667.7 -2.0

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.8 179.6 180.4 180.1 177.5 178.6 180.3 179.9 -0.4

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.2 190.8 189.5 189.1 179.0 186.2 186.7 186.7 0.0

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 51.8 52.0 52.2 49.3 51.5 51.9 51.9 0.0

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.1 39.5 39.0 38.9 39.4 39.2 39.1 39.0 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.6 99.5 98.5 98.0 90.3 95.5 95.7 95.7 0.0

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258.4 307.2 306.7 306.2 252.1 304.0 302.7 301.1 -1.6

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,950 7,174 7,124 7,130 6,743 6,908 6,919 6,930 11

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,534.3 1,571.8 1,561.3 1,564.6 1,500.7 1,527.9 1,527.0 1,530.9 3.9

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767.6 783.3 774.1 784.7 749.4 763.3 759.4 766.6 7.2

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766.7 788.5 787.2 779.9 751.3 764.6 767.6 764.3 -3.3

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,007.2 1,040.0 1,034.9 1,031.1 946.4 974.1 973.0 970.0 -3.0

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,408.7 4,561.8 4,527.6 4,533.9 4,295.5 4,405.6 4,418.9 4,429.3 10.4

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,918.5 2,010.5 1,991.1 1,988.0 1,868.6 1,939.4 1,943.8 1,949.9 6.1

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,490.2 2,551.3 2,536.5 2,545.9 2,426.9 2,466.2 2,475.1 2,479.4 4.3

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,349 12,544 12,495 12,499 12,325 12,451 12,457 12,481 24

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,700 7,802 7,781 7,800 7,692 7,772 7,779 7,798 19

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.5 398.8 393.9 397.5 392.5 395.2 394.0 396.8 2.8

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416.0 424.5 421.7 422.4 409.5 415.8 415.4 416.1 0.7

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376.0 386.2 384.5 385.8 376.2 385.9 384.6 385.9 1.3

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,419.1 1,448.4 1,451.0 1,455.6 1,418.9 1,446.6 1,451.5 1,455.5 4.0

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,070.5 1,100.2 1,095.0 1,092.3 1,070.6 1,095.4 1,095.3 1,093.7 -1.6

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,039.9 1,045.5 1,043.4 1,048.9 1,041.4 1,040.8 1,045.1 1,049.8 4.7

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 162.9 166.0 166.4 168.7 163.6 164.9 166.5 168.5 2.0

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.7 85.4 84.8 85.9 84.8 85.2 85.2 86.0 0.8

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362.1 361.4 361.2 363.5 362.6 359.6 362.4 364.1 1.7

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.6 398.9 397.4 397.5 394.7 397.5 397.5 398.1 0.6

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.6 33.8 33.6 33.3 35.6 33.7 33.5 33.2 -0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 381.5 393.0 391.9 394.2 381.8 391.8 392.3 394.7 2.4

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,619.5 1,619.7 1,619.1 1,617.1 1,620.3 1,618.5 1,617.4 1,620.5 3.1

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939.5 943.2 941.5 942.4 940.1 942.3 939.8 943.2 3.4

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389.7 393.6 390.3 392.8 388.9 391.2 391.7 392.7 1.0

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593.0 592.3 590.5 593.2 592.1 591.2 591.4 591.9 0.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,649 4,742 4,714 4,699 4,633 4,679 4,678 4,683 5

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,574.9 1,647.1 1,634.0 1,618.7 1,564.7 1,603.9 1,607.7 1,608.0 0.3

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.5 109.4 110.4 111.1 112.9 109.8 110.7 111.1 0.4

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.3 111.4 110.4 109.3 113.5 111.0 109.6 108.8 -0.8

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.6 119.2 118.0 118.9 129.3 119.3 117.3 117.9 0.6

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.5 369.8 369.4 365.6 368.1 368.0 368.9 366.6 -2.3

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 443.7 439.1 435.6 436.5 442.9 438.8 436.0 436.0 0.0

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.1 115.6 114.4 115.2 110.6 112.8 112.6 112.7 0.1

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808.6 822.5 816.3 818.3 811.6 819.8 817.9 821.5 3.6

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695.1 709.7 707.8 705.4 698.6 706.1 707.2 708.3 1.1

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288.3 298.1 297.8 300.1 280.6 289.9 289.6 292.3 2.7

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,342 104,866 104,323 104,917 102,971 104,305 104,302 104,521 219

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,370 27,351 27,307 27,487 27,331 27,386 27,428 27,434 6

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,889.9 5,952.4 5,939.6 5,955.4 5,881.2 5,929.4 5,938.5 5,944.2 5.7

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,929.4 2,971.3 2,967.5 2,969.6 2,927.9 2,957.0 2,966.9 2,969.0 2.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,062.5 2,065.5 2,063.7 2,077.0 2,057.0 2,059.9 2,062.5 2,067.0 4.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Change

from:

Sept.2017

-

Oct.2017p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898.0 915.6 908.4 908.8 896.3 912.5 909.1 908.2 -0.9

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,884.3 15,812.1 15,691.0 15,827.7 15,880.6 15,816.8 15,823.5 15,815.2 -8.3

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,996.3 2,029.1 2,019.3 2,025.9 1,993.4 2,015.4 2,015.9 2,024.1 8.2

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,294.7 1,309.5 1,306.3 1,312.7 1,291.9 1,304.6 1,305.2 1,310.0 4.8

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.4 163.3 155.8 154.3 150.7 156.1 154.1 155.6 1.5

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 551.2 556.3 557.2 558.9 550.8 554.8 556.6 558.5 1.9

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 479.6 478.8 478.3 487.0 474.0 483.4 484.2 484.0 -0.2

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 515.3 494.8 495.5 501.0 510.5 503.6 502.3 499.1 -3.2

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,255.0 1,294.6 1,278.8 1,284.4 1,281.0 1,292.1 1,300.4 1,305.9 5.5

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,100.1 3,099.5 3,069.7 3,072.4 3,097.4 3,079.2 3,073.7 3,071.4 -2.3

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,054.0 1,041.8 1,038.9 1,046.5 1,053.1 1,047.3 1,047.8 1,047.4 -0.4

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935.4 954.6 948.2 946.6 933.0 940.1 942.1 943.6 1.5

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,333.1 1,320.9 1,285.2 1,306.0 1,339.9 1,323.0 1,321.2 1,315.4 -5.8

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613.2 593.4 593.5 604.0 619.0 604.5 604.6 605.6 1.0

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,194.7 3,103.0 3,085.0 3,134.6 3,198.6 3,132.0 3,131.9 3,123.8 -8.1

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,307.0 1,256.0 1,245.3 1,276.0 1,318.1 1,278.5 1,279.7 1,277.4 -2.3

Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . 1,887.7 1,847.0 1,839.7 1,858.6 1,880.6 1,853.5 1,852.1 1,846.3 -5.8

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853.9 839.9 832.7 839.8 839.2 828.6 830.1 825.3 -4.8

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.7 561.7 565.9 579.5 541.5 567.6 569.3 569.6 0.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,040.0 5,031.2 5,123.7 5,151.4 5,012.8 5,087.4 5,112.5 5,120.9 8.4

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477.7 493.3 492.7 496.0 478.3 490.4 492.9 496.4 3.5

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.3 206.9 206.0 206.0 213.2 206.5 205.5 205.8 0.3

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.4 67.2 66.5 63.8 65.5 64.5 65.5 63.7 -1.8

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,477.2 1,490.1 1,488.2 1,490.3 1,460.4 1,471.6 1,473.6 1,473.5 -0.1

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488.5 411.5 497.0 498.8 472.6 471.1 484.5 481.7 -2.8

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.9 47.1 46.6 46.8 48.9 47.1 46.8 46.7 -0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 35.4 47.3 42.7 38.3 34.7 36.4 36.4 37.1 0.7

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 665.8 671.9 673.6 677.0 660.3 669.7 671.4 671.3 -0.1

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625.5 642.0 652.7 663.6 647.2 674.7 678.6 684.3 5.7

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942.3 953.9 957.7 970.8 931.7 955.4 957.3 960.4 3.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555.5 555.4 552.4 552.3 556.2 552.8 553.2 553.2 0.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,777 2,733 2,708 2,719 2,780 2,720 2,717 2,716 -1

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 730.6 721.2 717.4 717.3 728.8 718.7 717.1 715.9 -1.2

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426.9 412.1 390.9 401.8 431.3 402.7 399.2 402.3 3.1

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269.5 257.7 260.1 262.3 268.8 258.7 260.1 260.7 0.6

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785.4 759.6 761.8 757.5 786.0 760.2 762.6 757.6 -5.0

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.9 304.6 304.2 306.5 301.9 304.3 304.4 305.5 1.1

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263.0 277.3 273.3 273.4 262.8 275.2 273.4 273.6 0.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,337 8,534 8,482 8,486 8,330 8,465 8,478 8,483 5

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,173.2 6,287.2 6,262.6 6,262.2 6,172.6 6,262.7 6,270.1 6,264.3 -5.8

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 18.5 18.8 18.7 18.7 18.4 18.7 18.7 18.7 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,622.1 2,679.6 2,656.6 2,656.7 2,626.0 2,666.2 2,661.3 2,662.4 1.1

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,698.4 1,726.2 1,711.5 1,711.9 1,703.8 1,718.8 1,716.8 1,718.8 2.0

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,305.2 1,322.4 1,310.0 1,310.2 1,308.2 1,317.3 1,313.8 1,314.8 1.0

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 618.1 631.9 628.9 630.3 617.1 629.8 629.1 629.2 0.1

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 305.6 321.5 316.2 314.5 305.1 317.7 315.4 314.4 -1.0

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 933.4 958.6 950.6 952.2 930.0 949.1 949.8 949.7 -0.1

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,599.2 2,630.2 2,636.7 2,634.6 2,598.2 2,628.7 2,640.3 2,633.5 -6.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,163.9 2,247.0 2,218.9 2,223.7 2,157.7 2,202.0 2,207.4 2,218.3 10.9

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,581.8 1,627.9 1,608.9 1,617.4 1,575.9 1,604.5 1,606.8 1,612.4 5.6

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558.6 595.4 586.9 583.1 558.3 574.1 577.3 582.7 5.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Change

from:

Sept.2017

-

Oct.2017p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.5 23.7 23.1 23.2 23.5 23.4 23.3 23.2 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,516 20,932 20,876 21,056 20,334 20,798 20,820 20,870 50

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,959.2 9,158.8 9,094.9 9,176.5 8,987.9 9,174.8 9,184.1 9,198.3 14.2

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,125.1 1,129.3 1,123.9 1,128.5 1,122.7 1,126.7 1,127.3 1,126.2 -1.1

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 936.9 945.3 937.1 946.8 1,002.6 1,007.7 1,007.9 1,008.1 0.2

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,427.9 1,480.6 1,466.4 1,477.6 1,420.4 1,463.6 1,466.0 1,469.8 3.8

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.6 139.6 139.6 142.3 142.3 139.8 141.0 140.6 -0.4

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,028.5 2,073.4 2,057.4 2,078.5 2,019.9 2,063.9 2,065.5 2,069.2 3.7

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,417.7 1,457.9 1,450.7 1,468.5 1,407.4 1,451.2 1,452.3 1,456.0 3.7

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686.7 714.8 707.1 709.5 688.8 709.8 711.7 712.4 0.7

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 493.4 491.4 485.6 491.1 491.1 488.7 486.9 488.3 1.4

Other professional and technical services. . . 699.4 726.5 727.1 733.7 692.8 723.5 725.5 727.6 2.1

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,247.6 2,294.0 2,283.3 2,283.7 2,249.2 2,283.0 2,283.3 2,286.8 3.5

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,308.8 9,479.3 9,497.8 9,596.1 9,097.0 9,340.2 9,353.0 9,385.1 32.1

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,899.1 9,058.1 9,079.9 9,177.4 8,688.7 8,925.6 8,937.5 8,967.3 29.8

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 502.9 527.2 528.4 532.5 502.0 526.5 529.3 532.1 2.8

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.9 145.4 146.4 147.2 141.3 145.3 145.6 146.0 0.4

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,730.9 3,742.8 3,794.1 3,878.8 3,600.2 3,718.3 3,724.4 3,748.2 23.8

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,068.3 3,066.4 3,115.8 3,192.7 2,953.5 3,049.0 3,056.8 3,075.1 18.3

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934.9 905.6 912.0 928.8 921.9 915.2 915.6 914.6 -1.0

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.7 219.2 214.6 213.8 217.1 216.4 214.4 214.0 -0.4

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 910.5 921.5 926.1 930.0 900.8 918.4 919.4 920.6 1.2

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,139.5 2,266.3 2,226.5 2,209.8 2,088.9 2,156.0 2,158.9 2,161.2 2.3

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321.8 330.1 331.8 336.5 316.6 329.6 329.8 330.6 0.8

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409.7 421.2 417.9 418.7 408.3 414.6 415.5 417.8 2.3

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,987 22,857 23,138 23,456 22,790 23,191 23,213 23,254 41

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,750.9 3,336.5 3,634.9 3,846.1 3,590.6 3,658.1 3,672.4 3,680.0 7.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,236.1 19,520.9 19,502.7 19,609.7 19,199.5 19,532.6 19,540.4 19,573.9 33.5

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,560.9 15,813.1 15,801.4 15,862.2 15,530.1 15,790.0 15,809.2 15,830.7 21.5

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,178.8 7,337.0 7,339.6 7,397.5 7,152.0 7,331.5 7,352.5 7,368.6 16.1

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,556.1 2,600.5 2,605.6 2,623.4 2,546.2 2,600.2 2,608.6 2,613.1 4.5

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935.6 945.3 941.4 948.5 932.7 942.6 945.3 946.1 0.8

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 877.0 909.9 906.1 909.4 873.5 906.9 909.2 906.9 -2.3

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871.8 913.2 915.0 922.7 870.6 913.5 917.2 922.0 4.8

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 265.3 260.6 260.6 262.2 265.3 260.3 261.1 261.2 0.1

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,381.9 1,412.7 1,414.6 1,429.3 1,375.8 1,414.0 1,414.7 1,421.4 6.7

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.1 294.8 296.3 302.0 287.9 294.0 296.2 297.9 1.7

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,062.0 5,127.2 5,134.8 5,134.5 5,058.3 5,123.2 5,127.9 5,130.7 2.8

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,320.1 3,348.9 3,327.0 3,330.2 3,319.8 3,335.3 3,328.8 3,331.4 2.6

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,645.3 1,643.0 1,629.0 1,632.0 1,643.5 1,637.4 1,628.8 1,631.3 2.5

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 614.3 622.1 620.3 620.2 614.9 620.5 620.8 621.2 0.4

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894.8 913.8 911.4 911.7 896.0 909.6 912.6 912.6 0.0

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 165.7 170.0 166.3 166.3 165.5 167.8 166.5 166.3 -0.2

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,675.2 3,707.8 3,701.3 3,747.5 3,669.4 3,742.6 3,731.2 3,743.2 12.0

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,254.8 2,307.3 2,286.5 2,319.5 2,258.5 2,310.4 2,307.1 2,323.2 16.1

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 163.4 167.1 167.9 168.3 164.0 167.7 168.9 169.1 0.2

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 337.8 341.9 335.7 334.9 338.8 337.6 336.4 335.2 -1.2

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919.2 891.5 911.2 924.8 908.1 926.9 918.9 915.7 -3.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,647 16,654 16,053 15,927 15,695 15,975 15,873 15,979 106

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,195.8 2,570.6 2,322.9 2,241.0 2,240.2 2,278.1 2,269.6 2,285.2 15.6

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 457.5 489.1 484.9 470.6 452.5 460.7 464.7 464.6 -0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Change

from:

Sept.2017

-

Oct.2017p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.5 181.6 171.0 170.1 162.0 168.1 169.1 169.0 -0.1

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,575.8 1,899.9 1,667.0 1,600.3 1,625.7 1,649.3 1,635.8 1,651.6 15.8

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,451.6 14,083.1 13,730.5 13,685.5 13,454.3 13,696.5 13,603.8 13,694.1 90.3

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,931.1 2,093.3 1,997.1 1,948.2 1,943.8 1,954.5 1,959.8 1,961.6 1.8

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,520.5 11,989.8 11,733.4 11,737.3 11,510.5 11,742.0 11,644.0 11,732.5 88.5

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,708 5,805 5,759 5,786 5,711 5,770 5,773 5,785 12

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,290.1 1,299.6 1,294.8 1,299.6 1,289.3 1,296.6 1,296.1 1,298.9 2.8

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,459.4 1,497.9 1,491.9 1,503.7 1,458.9 1,493.4 1,493.4 1,502.0 8.6

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,958.0 3,007.5 2,972.4 2,982.7 2,962.7 2,979.5 2,983.3 2,984.4 1.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,657 21,274 22,295 22,734 22,308 22,349 22,352 22,361 9

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,802.0 2,813.0 2,811.0 2,808.0 2,817.0 2,808.0 2,809.0 2,814.0 5.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,192.5 2,203.6 2,198.7 2,192.9 2,201.7 2,192.1 2,192.2 2,195.3 3.1

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609.9 609.6 612.2 614.7 615.6 616.3 617.0 618.9 1.9

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,251.0 4,800.0 5,134.0 5,249.0 5,092.0 5,094.0 5,089.0 5,091.0 2.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,579.7 2,123.1 2,471.5 2,590.1 2,414.4 2,428.5 2,426.6 2,426.1 -0.5

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,670.8 2,677.3 2,662.1 2,658.9 2,677.9 2,665.4 2,662.8 2,664.5 1.7

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,604.0 13,661.0 14,350.0 14,677.0 14,399.0 14,447.0 14,454.0 14,456.0 2.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,197.7 7,003.4 7,880.5 8,248.1 7,952.9 7,979.5 7,986.0 7,991.2 5.2

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,405.9 6,657.5 6,469.4 6,428.4 6,446.4 6,467.4 6,467.6 6,465.0 -2.6

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.4 34.4 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.4 40.3 40.2 40.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.9 44.9 45.2 45.3

Construction....................................................................... 39.2 38.9 38.8 39.0

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.8 40.8 40.8 41.0

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.3 41.3 41.3 41.4

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.0 39.9 39.9 40.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.2 33.2 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.2 34.4 34.4 34.5

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 39.1 39.1 39.1

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.8 30.9 30.9 31.0

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.7 38.8 38.7 38.9

Utilities........................................................................... 43.1 41.6 42.4 42.0

Information......................................................................... 35.9 36.1 36.3 36.4

Financial activities................................................................ 37.3 37.5 37.5 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.0 36.0 36.0

Education and health services.................................................. 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.1

Other services..................................................................... 32.0 31.8 31.7 31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Total private............................................... $25.90 $26.42 $26.54 $26.53 $890.96 $908.85 $912.98 $912.63

Goods-producing....................................... 27.26 27.60 27.77 27.77 1,101.30 1,112.28 1,116.35 1,121.91

Mining and logging.................................. 32.45 32.58 32.58 32.72 1,424.56 1,462.84 1,472.62 1,482.22

Construction.......................................... 28.42 28.95 29.17 29.06 1,114.06 1,126.16 1,131.80 1,133.34

Manufacturing........................................ 26.35 26.58 26.72 26.77 1,075.08 1,084.46 1,090.18 1,097.57

Durable goods.................................... 27.67 27.82 27.99 28.04 1,142.77 1,148.97 1,155.99 1,160.86

Nondurable goods................................ 24.08 24.43 24.55 24.58 963.20 974.76 979.55 985.66

Private service-providing.............................. 25.58 26.14 26.26 26.24 849.26 867.85 871.83 873.79

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.52 22.88 22.95 22.90 770.18 787.07 789.48 790.05

Wholesale trade.................................. 29.78 30.08 30.23 29.98 1,158.44 1,176.13 1,181.99 1,172.22

Retail trade........................................ 17.95 18.26 18.25 18.28 552.86 564.23 563.93 566.68

Transportation and warehousing............... 23.44 23.98 24.05 24.07 907.13 930.42 930.74 936.32

Utilities............................................. 39.07 38.86 39.43 39.53 1,683.92 1,616.58 1,671.83 1,660.26

Information........................................... 37.20 38.44 38.47 38.45 1,335.48 1,387.68 1,396.46 1,399.58

Financial activities................................... 32.49 33.34 33.45 33.57 1,211.88 1,250.25 1,254.38 1,255.52

Professional and business services.............. 31.04 31.79 31.98 32.00 1,120.54 1,144.44 1,151.28 1,152.00

Education and health services..................... 25.96 26.42 26.49 26.46 854.08 869.22 871.52 870.53

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 15.05 15.48 15.55 15.56 391.30 402.48 404.30 406.12

Other services....................................... 23.22 23.77 23.93 23.94 743.04 755.89 758.58 758.90

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2017 -

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2017 -

Oct.

2017p

Total private..................................... 105.9 107.4 107.4 107.6 0.2 131.2 135.6 136.3 136.5 0.1

Goods-producing............................. 90.8 92.2 92.0 92.6 0.7 111.9 115.0 115.5 116.3 0.7

Mining and logging........................ 90.9 101.3 102.1 102.1 0.0 118.4 132.5 133.6 134.1 0.4

Construction................................ 91.1 92.6 92.5 93.2 0.8 112.5 116.5 117.3 117.6 0.3

Manufacturing.............................. 90.5 91.4 91.4 92.1 0.8 110.9 113.0 113.6 114.6 0.9

Durable goods........................... 89.4 90.4 90.5 90.9 0.4 109.9 111.7 112.4 113.2 0.7

Nondurable goods...................... 92.5 93.2 93.1 93.7 0.6 113.0 115.5 116.0 116.9 0.8

Private service-providing.................... 110.0 111.4 111.4 112.0 0.5 136.7 141.5 142.2 142.8 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 101.7 102.5 102.6 102.9 0.3 123.2 126.2 126.8 126.9 0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 99.8 101.2 101.3 101.4 0.1 124.1 127.0 127.8 126.9 -0.7

Retail trade.............................. 99.4 99.3 99.3 99.6 0.3 117.9 119.8 119.8 120.4 0.5

Transportation and warehousing...... 111.0 113.0 113.2 114.0 0.7 132.1 137.5 138.2 139.3 0.8

Utilities.................................... 103.7 99.5 101.5 100.5 -1.0 133.9 127.7 132.2 131.3 -0.7

Information................................. 91.1 89.7 90.1 90.3 0.2 120.7 122.7 123.4 123.6 0.2

Financial activities......................... 101.8 104.0 104.1 103.9 -0.2 129.0 135.2 135.9 136.1 0.1

Professional and business services..... 115.5 117.8 117.9 118.2 0.3 145.2 151.7 152.7 153.2 0.3

Education and health services........... 122.4 124.6 124.7 124.9 0.2 152.9 158.3 158.9 159.0 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 116.4 118.5 117.8 119.0 1.0 141.4 148.0 147.7 149.4 1.2

Other services............................. 105.4 105.8 105.5 105.7 0.2 134.1 137.8 138.4 138.7 0.2

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Total nonfarm............................................. 71,947 72,660 72,637 72,767 49.6 49.5 49.5 49.5

Total private............................................ 59,152 59,807 59,797 59,918 48.2 48.1 48.1 48.1

Goods-producing.................................... 4,326 4,412 4,422 4,431 21.9 22.0 22.0 22.0

Mining and logging............................... 98 100 100 99 14.9 13.9 13.9 13.8

Construction....................................... 846 876 882 883 12.5 12.7 12.7 12.7

Manufacturing..................................... 3,382 3,436 3,440 3,449 27.4 27.6 27.6 27.6

Durable goods.................................. 1,804 1,819 1,822 1,826 23.5 23.4 23.4 23.4

Nondurable goods............................. 1,578 1,617 1,618 1,623 34.1 34.6 34.6 34.7

Private service-providing........................... 54,826 55,395 55,375 55,487 53.2 53.1 53.1 53.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,108 10,965 10,970 10,957 40.6 40.0 40.0 39.9

Wholesale trade................................ 1,742.2 1,747.3 1,751.5 1,755.2 29.6 29.5 29.5 29.5

Retail trade..................................... 8,004.4 7,854.0 7,849.5 7,836.2 50.4 49.7 49.6 49.5

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,232.0 1,236.3 1,242.0 1,238.1 24.6 24.3 24.3 24.2

Utilities........................................... 129.6 127.6 127.0 127.0 23.3 23.1 23.0 23.0

Information......................................... 1,117 1,081 1,076 1,076 40.2 39.7 39.6 39.6

Financial activities................................ 4,732 4,784 4,782 4,780 56.8 56.5 56.4 56.3

Professional and business services............ 9,135 9,345 9,361 9,379 44.9 44.9 45.0 44.9

Education and health services.................. 17,570 17,862 17,878 17,892 77.1 77.0 77.0 76.9

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,166 8,308 8,253 8,340 52.0 52.0 52.0 52.2

Other services..................................... 2,998 3,050 3,055 3,063 52.5 52.9 52.9 52.9

Government............................................. 12,795 12,853 12,840 12,849 57.4 57.5 57.4 57.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Total private............................................................................... 100,987 102,489 102,493 102,727

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,150 14,422 14,436 14,451

Mining and logging.................................................................. 455 515 518 513

Construction.......................................................................... 5,061 5,172 5,178 5,175

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,634 8,735 8,740 8,763

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,281 5,334 5,336 5,356

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,353 3,401 3,404 3,407

Private service-providing.............................................................. 86,837 88,067 88,057 88,276

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,963 23,087 23,142 23,163

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,711.5 4,751.6 4,757.2 4,765.5

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,465.4 13,474.6 13,497.9 13,495.5

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,337.8 4,416.5 4,441.3 4,457.0

Utilities.............................................................................. 448.0 444.5 445.3 444.9

Information............................................................................ 2,243 2,193 2,186 2,189

Financial activities................................................................... 6,470 6,587 6,595 6,600

Professional and business services............................................... 16,632 16,978 16,986 17,026

Education and health services..................................................... 19,989 20,386 20,398 20,429

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,812 14,061 13,971 14,085

Other services........................................................................ 4,728 4,775 4,779 4,784

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.7

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.2 41.3 41.1 41.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.5 45.5 46.1 45.9

Construction....................................................................... 39.6 39.6 39.4 39.4

Manufacturing..................................................................... 42.0 42.0 41.9 42.0

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.4 42.4 42.3 42.4

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.2 41.5 41.3 41.3

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.5 33.8 33.8 33.9

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 39.0 38.9 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 29.6 30.1 30.2 30.4

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.6 38.4 38.2 38.4

Utilities........................................................................... 43.5 42.2 42.6 42.4

Information......................................................................... 35.7 35.6 35.9 35.9

Financial activities................................................................ 36.9 36.9 36.9 36.9

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.4 35.4 35.5

Education and health services.................................................. 32.1 32.2 32.2 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.8 24.7 24.7 24.7

Other services..................................................................... 30.8 30.8 30.6 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.7

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Total private............................................... $21.72 $22.14 $22.23 $22.22 $729.79 $743.90 $746.93 $748.81

Goods-producing....................................... 22.79 23.22 23.33 23.31 938.95 958.99 958.86 960.37

Mining and logging.................................. 27.20 27.74 27.68 27.73 1,237.60 1,262.17 1,276.05 1,272.81

Construction.......................................... 26.28 26.80 27.03 26.88 1,040.69 1,061.28 1,064.98 1,059.07

Manufacturing........................................ 20.61 20.93 20.99 21.06 865.62 879.06 879.48 884.52

Durable goods.................................... 21.63 21.93 22.00 22.06 917.11 929.83 930.60 935.34

Nondurable goods................................ 18.96 19.32 19.37 19.44 781.15 801.78 799.98 802.87

Private service-providing.............................. 21.50 21.91 22.00 21.99 694.45 709.88 712.80 714.68

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 19.09 19.40 19.48 19.48 639.52 655.72 658.42 660.37

Wholesale trade.................................. 24.39 24.76 24.89 24.86 946.33 965.64 968.22 969.54

Retail trade........................................ 15.02 15.34 15.39 15.38 444.59 461.73 464.78 467.55

Transportation and warehousing............... 21.03 21.45 21.53 21.61 811.76 823.68 822.45 829.82

Utilities............................................. 35.93 35.89 36.26 36.11 1,562.96 1,514.56 1,544.68 1,531.06

Information........................................... 30.30 30.69 30.80 30.82 1,081.71 1,092.56 1,105.72 1,106.44

Financial activities................................... 26.38 26.66 26.70 26.77 973.42 983.75 985.23 987.81

Professional and business services.............. 25.64 26.20 26.32 26.31 907.66 927.48 931.73 934.01

Education and health services..................... 22.66 23.09 23.16 23.13 727.39 743.50 745.75 744.79

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 12.97 13.40 13.46 13.46 321.66 330.98 332.46 332.46

Other services....................................... 19.50 20.05 20.15 20.19 600.60 617.54 616.59 619.83

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2017 -

Oct.

2017p

Oct.

2016

Aug.

2017

Sept.

2017p

Oct.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2017 -

Oct.

2017p

Total private..................................... 113.1 114.7 114.7 115.3 0.5 164.1 169.8 170.5 171.3 0.5

Goods-producing............................. 89.1 91.0 90.7 91.0 0.3 124.3 129.4 129.5 129.9 0.3

Mining and logging........................ 110.0 124.5 126.9 125.1 -1.4 174.0 200.9 204.3 201.8 -1.2

Construction................................ 100.3 102.5 102.1 102.1 0.0 142.4 148.4 149.1 148.2 -0.6

Manufacturing.............................. 83.2 84.2 84.1 84.5 0.5 112.2 115.3 115.4 116.4 0.9

Durable goods........................... 84.2 85.0 84.8 85.3 0.6 113.6 116.4 116.5 117.5 0.9

Nondurable goods...................... 81.4 83.2 82.8 82.9 0.1 109.1 113.5 113.4 113.9 0.4

Private service-providing.................... 119.5 121.5 121.5 122.2 0.6 176.1 182.6 183.3 184.2 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 107.2 108.8 109.0 109.5 0.5 146.0 150.5 151.5 152.1 0.4

Wholesale trade......................... 107.7 109.1 109.0 109.5 0.5 154.7 159.2 159.8 160.3 0.3

Retail trade.............................. 100.9 102.7 103.2 103.8 0.6 129.9 135.0 136.1 136.9 0.6

Transportation and warehousing...... 126.0 127.7 127.7 128.8 0.9 168.1 173.7 174.4 176.6 1.3

Utilities.................................... 99.7 95.9 97.0 96.5 -0.5 149.5 143.7 146.8 145.4 -1.0

Information................................. 91.4 89.1 89.6 89.7 0.1 137.1 135.4 136.6 136.8 0.1

Financial activities......................... 112.4 114.4 114.6 114.6 0.0 182.4 187.7 188.2 188.8 0.3

Professional and business services..... 132.0 134.7 134.8 135.5 0.5 201.3 210.0 211.1 212.1 0.5

Education and health services........... 136.8 140.0 140.0 140.3 0.2 204.6 213.3 214.1 214.1 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 125.5 127.2 126.4 127.4 0.8 184.8 193.6 193.2 194.8 0.8

Other services............................. 102.1 103.1 102.6 103.0 0.4 145.1 150.7 150.6 151.5 0.6

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.