Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-18-1586 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, October 5, 2018

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — SEPTEMBER 2018 

The unemployment rate declined to 3.7 percent in September, and total nonfarm payroll employment 

increased by 134,000, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in 

professional and business services, in health care, and in transportation and warehousing. 

Hurricane Florence

Hurricane Florence affected parts of the East Coast during the September reference periods for the 

establishment and household surveys. Response rates for the two surveys were within normal ranges. 

For information on how severe weather can affect employment and hours data, see Question 8 in the 

Frequently Asked Questions section of this news release. 

BLS will release the state estimates of employment and unemployment on October 19, 2018, at

10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, September 2016 – September 2018

Percent Thousands

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18 Jun-18 Sep-18

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

September 2016 – September 2018

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18 Jun-18 Sep-18
 

-2- 

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 3.7 percent in September, and the number 

of unemployed persons decreased by 270,000 to 6.0 million. Over the year, the unemployment rate and 

the number of unemployed persons declined by 0.5 percentage point and 795,000, respectively. (See 

table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women (3.3 percent) and Whites 

(3.3 percent) declined in September. The jobless rates for adult men (3.4 percent), teenagers (12.8 

percent), Blacks (6.0 percent), Asians (3.5 percent), and Hispanics (4.5 percent) showed little or no 

change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.4 

million over the month; these individuals accounted for 22.9 percent of the unemployed. (See table A12.) 

In September, the labor force participation rate remained at 62.7 percent, and the employmentpopulation ratio, at 60.4 percent, was little changed. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) increased by 263,000 to 4.6 million in September. These individuals, 

who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been 

reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

In September, 1.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, essentially unchanged

from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, 

wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They 

were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the 

survey. (See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 383,000 discouraged workers in September, about 

unchanged from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.2 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in September had not searched for work for 

reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 134,000 in September, compared with an average monthly 

gain of 201,000 over the prior 12 months. In September, job gains occurred in professional and business 

services, in health care, and in transportation and warehousing. (See table B-1.) 

Employment in professional and business services increased by 54,000 in September and has risen by 

560,000 over the year. 

Health care employment rose by 26,000 in September. Hospitals added 12,000 jobs, and employment in 

ambulatory health care services continued to trend up (+10,000). Over the year, health care employment 

has increased by 302,000. 
 

-3- 

In September, employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 24,000. Job gains occurred in 

warehousing and storage (+8,000) and in couriers and messengers (+5,000). Over the year, employment 

in transportation and warehousing has increased by 174,000. 

Construction employment continued to trend up in September (+23,000). The industry has added 

315,000 jobs over the past 12 months. 

Employment in manufacturing continued to trend up in September (+18,000), reflecting a gain in 

durable goods industries. Over the year, manufacturing has added 278,000 jobs, with about four-fifths of 

the gain in the durable goods component. 

Within mining, employment in support activities for mining rose by 6,000 over the month and by 

53,000 over the year. 

Employment in leisure and hospitality was little changed over the month (-17,000). Prior to September, 

employment in the industry had been on a modest upward trend. Some of the weakness in this industry 

in September may reflect the impact of Hurricane Florence. 

Employment showed little or no change over the month in other major industries, including wholesale 

trade, retail trade, information, financial activities, and government. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained unchanged at 34.5 

hours in September. In manufacturing, the workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours, and 

overtime edged down by 0.1 hour to 3.4 hours. The average workweek for production and 

nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 

and B-7.) 

In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 8 cents 

to $27.24. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 73 cents, or 2.8 percent. Average 

hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 6 cents to 

$22.81 in September. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised up from +147,000 to +165,000, 

and the change for August was revised up from +201,000 to +270,000. With these revisions, 

employment gains in July and August combined were 87,000 more than previously reported. (Monthly 

revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last 

published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have 

averaged 190,000 per month over the last 3 months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 2, 2018, 

at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Change from:

Aug. 2018-

Sept. 2018

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 255,562 257,843 258,066 258,290 224

Civilian labor force........................................................... 161,082 162,245 161,776 161,926 150

Participation rate.......................................................... 63.0 62.9 62.7 62.7 0.0

Employed................................................................... 154,324 155,965 155,542 155,962 420

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.4 60.5 60.3 60.4 0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 6,759 6,280 6,234 5,964 -270

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Not in labor force............................................................ 94,480 95,598 96,290 96,364 74

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.3 -0.3

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 13.0 13.1 12.8 12.8 0.0

White.......................................................................... 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 7.0 6.6 6.3 6.0 -0.3

Asian.......................................................................... 3.6 3.1 3.0 3.5 0.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 5.1 4.5 4.7 4.5 -0.2

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.0 -0.2

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 6.7 5.1 5.7 5.5 -0.2

High school graduates, no college........................................ 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.2 -0.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,316 3,017 2,875 2,796 -79

Job leavers...................................................................... 737 844 862 730 -132

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,068 1,799 1,846 1,877 31

New entrants.................................................................... 663 591 584 586 2

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,223 2,091 2,208 2,065 -143

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,879 1,820 1,720 1,720 0

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 962 971 923 861 -62

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,733 1,435 1,332 1,384 52

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 5,148 4,567 4,379 4,642 263

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,098 2,877 2,551 2,782 231

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,725 1,431 1,365 1,447 82

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,951 21,532 21,781 21,464 -317

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,569 1,498 1,443 1,577 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 421 512 434 383 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 165 270 134

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 137 254 121

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 41 37 46

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 6 5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 19 26 23

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 22 5 18

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 21 5 17

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.4 -1.0 1.6 -0.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 0 1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 96 217 75

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 10.3 21.3 4.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 2.0 11.5 -20.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.4 8.2 21.3 23.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 -3.0 0.6 0.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -8 1 -3 0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 12 13

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 39 65 54

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 10.3 12.4 10.6

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 36 58 18

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 33.0 42.4 29.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -75 13 21 -17

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 -13 9 -1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 28 16 13

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 214 214 190

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 196 194 171

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 49.7 49.7 49.7

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 48.3 48.3 48.3

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 34.5 34.5 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.51 $27.07 $27.16 $27.24

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $909.29 $933.92 $937.02 $939.78

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.3 109.7 110.0 110.1

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 -0.2 0.3 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.0 142.0 142.8 143.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.4

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 59.7 63.6 60.9

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.6 59.9 61.8 62.5

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 149,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 651,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255,562 258,066 258,290 255,562 257,454 257,642 257,843 258,066 258,290

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,049 161,909 161,958 161,082 161,539 162,140 162,245 161,776 161,926

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 62.7 62.7 63.0 62.7 62.9 62.9 62.7 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,494 155,539 156,191 154,324 155,474 155,576 155,965 155,542 155,962

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.5 60.3 60.5 60.4 60.4 60.4 60.5 60.3 60.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,556 6,370 5,766 6,759 6,065 6,564 6,280 6,234 5,964

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 3.9 3.6 4.2 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,513 96,157 96,332 94,480 95,915 95,502 95,598 96,290 96,364

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,415 5,534 5,070 5,626 5,183 5,258 5,163 5,389 5,237

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,516 124,816 124,928 123,516 124,509 124,604 124,704 124,816 124,928

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,516 86,212 85,815 85,519 86,157 86,056 85,950 85,854 85,856

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 69.1 68.7 69.2 69.2 69.1 68.9 68.8 68.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,119 83,062 82,814 81,902 82,784 82,522 82,684 82,545 82,645

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.5 66.5 66.3 66.3 66.5 66.2 66.3 66.1 66.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,397 3,150 3,002 3,617 3,373 3,534 3,266 3,309 3,211

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.7 3.5 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,999 38,604 39,113 37,996 38,352 38,548 38,754 38,962 39,072

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,020 116,328 116,437 115,020 116,017 116,115 116,220 116,328 116,437

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,633 83,140 83,115 82,561 83,234 83,115 83,058 83,030 83,063

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 71.5 71.4 71.8 71.7 71.6 71.5 71.4 71.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,662 80,409 80,458 79,393 80,329 80,013 80,240 80,134 80,225

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 69.1 69.1 69.0 69.2 68.9 69.0 68.9 68.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,972 2,731 2,658 3,168 2,905 3,102 2,818 2,895 2,837

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,387 33,188 33,322 32,459 32,783 33,001 33,162 33,298 33,374

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,047 133,250 133,362 132,047 132,944 133,038 133,139 133,250 133,362

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,533 75,697 76,142 75,563 75,382 76,084 76,295 75,922 76,070

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 56.8 57.1 57.2 56.7 57.2 57.3 57.0 57.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,375 72,477 73,378 72,422 72,690 73,054 73,281 72,997 73,317

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 54.4 55.0 54.8 54.7 54.9 55.0 54.8 55.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,158 3,220 2,765 3,142 2,692 3,030 3,013 2,925 2,753

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.3 3.6 4.2 3.6 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,514 57,553 57,220 56,484 57,562 56,954 56,844 57,328 57,292

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,781 124,983 125,091 123,781 124,674 124,771 124,875 124,983 125,091

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,670 72,782 73,280 72,497 72,493 73,139 73,285 73,154 73,039

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 58.2 58.6 58.6 58.1 58.6 58.7 58.5 58.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,820 69,880 70,858 69,692 70,077 70,419 70,598 70,529 70,656

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.4 55.9 56.6 56.3 56.2 56.4 56.5 56.4 56.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,849 2,902 2,422 2,804 2,415 2,720 2,687 2,625 2,383

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.0 3.3 3.9 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,111 52,201 51,811 51,284 52,181 51,633 51,590 51,829 52,052

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,761 16,755 16,762 16,761 16,763 16,755 16,748 16,755 16,762

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,746 5,987 5,562 6,024 5,812 5,886 5,902 5,592 5,824

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 35.7 33.2 35.9 34.7 35.1 35.2 33.4 34.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,011 5,250 4,876 5,238 5,068 5,144 5,127 4,879 5,081

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.9 31.3 29.1 31.3 30.2 30.7 30.6 29.1 30.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 737 686 786 745 743 775 714 743

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 12.3 12.3 13.0 12.8 12.6 13.1 12.8 12.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,015 10,767 11,199 10,737 10,951 10,869 10,846 11,163 10,938

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199,191 200,356 200,476 199,191 200,039 200,132 200,236 200,356 200,476

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,320 125,462 125,413 125,397 125,688 125,784 125,720 125,306 125,483

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 62.6 62.6 63.0 62.8 62.9 62.8 62.5 62.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,857 121,040 121,500 120,754 121,303 121,347 121,506 121,027 121,398

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 60.4 60.6 60.6 60.6 60.6 60.7 60.4 60.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,463 4,421 3,913 4,643 4,385 4,437 4,214 4,279 4,085

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.5 3.1 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,871 74,894 75,063 73,794 74,350 74,348 74,517 75,049 74,993

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,412 65,601 65,625 65,348 65,890 65,855 65,614 65,505 65,611

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 71.5 71.5 71.8 72.0 71.9 71.6 71.4 71.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,378 63,702 63,796 63,159 63,785 63,695 63,690 63,486 63,629

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.6 69.4 69.5 69.4 69.7 69.5 69.5 69.2 69.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,034 1,899 1,829 2,189 2,106 2,159 1,924 2,019 1,982

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.3 3.2 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,501 55,100 55,404 55,447 55,197 55,420 55,534 55,351 55,297

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 57.2 57.5 57.9 57.4 57.6 57.7 57.5 57.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,577 53,100 53,811 53,538 53,450 53,608 53,746 53,592 53,722

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 55.1 55.8 55.9 55.6 55.7 55.8 55.6 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,924 2,000 1,594 1,909 1,747 1,812 1,787 1,759 1,575

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.6 2.9 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 2.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,407 4,761 4,383 4,602 4,601 4,510 4,572 4,450 4,574

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.7 38.7 35.6 37.3 37.3 36.6 37.2 36.2 37.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,902 4,239 3,893 4,057 4,068 4,044 4,069 3,949 4,046

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.6 34.4 31.6 32.9 33.0 32.8 33.1 32.1 32.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 522 490 545 533 466 502 501 528

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 11.0 11.2 11.8 11.6 10.3 11.0 11.3 11.5

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,333 32,810 32,848 32,333 32,704 32,737 32,771 32,810 32,848

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,227 20,452 20,484 20,254 20,296 20,364 20,495 20,404 20,513

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 62.3 62.4 62.6 62.1 62.2 62.5 62.2 62.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,842 19,114 19,295 18,838 19,092 19,045 19,144 19,114 19,272

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 58.3 58.7 58.3 58.4 58.2 58.4 58.3 58.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,385 1,338 1,189 1,416 1,204 1,319 1,351 1,289 1,240

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 6.5 5.8 7.0 5.9 6.5 6.6 6.3 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,106 12,358 12,365 12,079 12,408 12,373 12,276 12,406 12,336

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,315 9,431 9,369 9,294 9,382 9,162 9,320 9,407 9,359

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.0 68.6 68.0 68.8 68.5 66.8 67.9 68.4 68.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,708 8,884 8,842 8,668 8,792 8,573 8,751 8,841 8,813

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.5 64.6 64.2 64.2 64.2 62.5 63.7 64.3 64.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606 546 526 626 590 589 569 566 546

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.8 5.6 6.7 6.3 6.4 6.1 6.0 5.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,153 10,345 10,421 10,166 10,233 10,406 10,426 10,361 10,427

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 62.4 62.8 62.3 62.0 63.0 63.0 62.5 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,549 9,690 9,892 9,550 9,754 9,838 9,793 9,766 9,874

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.5 59.6 58.5 59.1 59.5 59.2 59.0 59.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604 655 529 616 479 568 633 595 554

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 6.3 5.1 6.1 4.7 5.5 6.1 5.7 5.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759 676 694 794 681 796 750 635 726

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 27.1 27.8 31.6 27.3 31.9 30.0 25.5 29.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584 539 560 619 547 635 600 508 585

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 21.6 22.5 24.7 21.9 25.4 24.1 20.3 23.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 137 134 174 135 162 149 128 140

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 20.3 19.3 22.0 19.8 20.3 19.9 20.1 19.3

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,483 16,093 16,011 15,483 15,874 15,934 15,922 16,093 16,011

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,973 10,279 10,289 9,985 9,932 10,140 10,153 10,259 10,300

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 63.9 64.3 64.5 62.6 63.6 63.8 63.7 64.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,619 9,967 9,933 9,626 9,720 9,817 9,838 9,950 9,938

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 61.9 62.0 62.2 61.2 61.6 61.8 61.8 62.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 312 356 359 212 322 314 309 362

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.6 2.1 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,510 5,814 5,722 5,498 5,942 5,794 5,769 5,834 5,712

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 41,579 42,863 42,959 41,579 42,592 42,679 42,767 42,863 42,959

Civilian labor force................................ 27,599 28,219 28,316 27,609 28,205 28,369 28,495 28,242 28,346

Participation rate............................... 66.4 65.8 65.9 66.4 66.2 66.5 66.6 65.9 66.0

Employed....................................... 26,270 26,898 27,105 26,209 26,827 27,077 27,223 26,927 27,059

Employment-population ratio............... 63.2 62.8 63.1 63.0 63.0 63.4 63.7 62.8 63.0

Unemployed.................................... 1,329 1,322 1,211 1,400 1,378 1,292 1,273 1,315 1,287

Unemployment rate......................... 4.8 4.7 4.3 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.5

Not in labor force................................. 13,980 14,644 14,642 13,970 14,387 14,310 14,272 14,621 14,613

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,124 15,428 15,414 15,110 15,444 15,557 15,519 15,421 15,416

Participation rate............................... 80.8 79.7 79.5 80.7 80.3 80.8 80.4 79.7 79.5

Employed....................................... 14,584 14,899 14,888 14,502 14,845 14,961 15,017 14,849 14,822

Employment-population ratio............... 77.9 77.0 76.8 77.5 77.2 77.7 77.8 76.7 76.4

Unemployed.................................... 540 528 526 608 599 596 502 572 594

Unemployment rate......................... 3.6 3.4 3.4 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.2 3.7 3.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,251 11,513 11,682 11,249 11,507 11,626 11,684 11,593 11,673

Participation rate............................... 59.2 58.8 59.6 59.2 59.2 59.7 59.8 59.2 59.5

Employed....................................... 10,630 10,902 11,175 10,637 10,917 11,065 11,131 11,009 11,172

Employment-population ratio............... 55.9 55.7 57.0 56.0 56.2 56.8 57.0 56.3 57.0

Unemployed.................................... 621 611 507 612 590 561 553 584 501

Unemployment rate......................... 5.5 5.3 4.3 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,224 1,279 1,220 1,250 1,254 1,186 1,292 1,228 1,257

Participation rate............................... 31.7 32.4 30.9 32.4 31.9 30.2 32.8 31.1 31.8

Employed....................................... 1,056 1,097 1,042 1,070 1,065 1,051 1,075 1,068 1,065

Employment-population ratio............... 27.4 27.8 26.3 27.7 27.1 26.7 27.3 27.1 26.9

Unemployed.................................... 168 182 179 180 189 135 218 160 192

Unemployment rate......................... 13.7 14.2 14.6 14.4 15.1 11.4 16.8 13.0 15.3

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,611 10,307 10,273 10,552 10,242 10,508 10,212 10,311 10,189

Participation rate.................................. 46.4 46.3 46.4 46.2 45.2 45.9 46.9 46.3 46.0

Employed.......................................... 9,985 9,790 9,773 9,846 9,688 9,926 9,695 9,728 9,626

Employment-population ratio................. 43.7 44.0 44.2 43.1 42.7 43.4 44.5 43.7 43.5

Unemployed....................................... 626 516 499 706 554 582 517 583 563

Unemployment rate............................ 5.9 5.0 4.9 6.7 5.4 5.5 5.1 5.7 5.5

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,147 36,344 36,540 35,916 35,702 36,050 36,534 36,121 36,224

Participation rate.................................. 57.8 57.6 58.0 57.4 57.2 57.9 57.9 57.3 57.5

Employed.......................................... 34,676 34,919 35,268 34,377 34,306 34,549 35,056 34,699 34,873

Employment-population ratio................. 55.4 55.4 56.0 55.0 54.9 55.5 55.5 55.0 55.3

Unemployed....................................... 1,471 1,425 1,272 1,539 1,395 1,501 1,478 1,422 1,351

Unemployment rate............................ 4.1 3.9 3.5 4.3 3.9 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.7

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,583 36,930 37,364 37,540 37,921 37,863 37,531 37,300 37,423

Participation rate.................................. 65.9 64.9 65.2 65.9 65.7 65.3 65.4 65.6 65.3

Employed.......................................... 36,249 35,552 36,204 36,189 36,694 36,602 36,340 35,987 36,239

Employment-population ratio................. 63.6 62.5 63.1 63.5 63.6 63.2 63.3 63.3 63.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,333 1,378 1,160 1,351 1,228 1,261 1,191 1,313 1,184

Unemployment rate............................ 3.5 3.7 3.1 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 55,711 57,237 57,279 55,621 56,739 56,613 56,940 57,638 57,258

Participation rate.................................. 74.2 73.5 73.6 74.1 74.1 74.0 73.4 74.0 73.6

Employed.......................................... 54,464 55,906 56,160 54,378 55,593 55,296 55,672 56,452 56,124

Employment-population ratio................. 72.6 71.8 72.2 72.5 72.6 72.2 71.8 72.5 72.1

Unemployed....................................... 1,247 1,331 1,120 1,242 1,147 1,317 1,268 1,186 1,134

Unemployment rate............................ 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2018

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,511 19,120 18,477 17,251 2,034 1,869

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,373 9,482 9,085 8,313 1,288 1,169

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.6 49.6 49.2 48.2 63.3 62.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,063 9,161 8,834 8,055 1,230 1,107

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.1 47.9 47.8 46.7 60.5 59.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 320 251 258 58 62

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 3.4 2.8 3.1 4.5 5.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,138 9,638 9,392 8,938 746 700

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,119 4,121 3,373 3,389 746 733

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,306 3,355 2,769 2,807 537 548

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.3 81.4 82.1 82.8 72.0 74.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,176 3,224 2,675 2,709 500 515

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.1 78.2 79.3 79.9 67.1 70.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 131 94 98 37 33

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.5 6.9 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 766 604 582 209 184

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,389 3,152 2,896 2,682 493 469

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,749 2,519 2,361 2,160 388 358

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.1 79.9 81.5 80.5 78.7 76.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,679 2,447 2,307 2,110 372 337

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.0 77.6 79.6 78.7 75.4 71.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 71 55 50 16 21

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 2.8 2.3 2.3 4.1 5.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 633 535 522 105 111

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,992 7,537 7,703 7,280 289 257

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,830 1,580 1,757 1,531 73 49

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 21.0 22.8 21.0 25.4 19.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,784 1,521 1,711 1,472 73 49

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 20.2 22.2 20.2 25.4 19.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 60 46 60 0 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 3.8 2.6 3.9 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,162 5,957 5,946 5,749 216 208

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,011 4,310 4,505 3,900 506 410

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,487 2,028 2,198 1,814 290 213

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 47.0 48.8 46.5 57.3 52.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,425 1,970 2,140 1,765 284 205

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 45.7 47.5 45.2 56.2 50.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 58 57 49 5 8

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.7 1.9 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,524 2,282 2,307 2,086 216 197

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225,860 230,212 100,353 103,100 125,507 127,112

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,380 150,416 75,362 76,597 73,018 73,819

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.7 65.3 75.1 74.3 58.2 58.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,394 145,204 72,353 73,960 70,041 71,244

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 63.1 72.1 71.7 55.8 56.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,986 5,212 3,009 2,637 2,977 2,575

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.4 4.1 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,480 79,796 24,991 26,503 52,489 53,293

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2018

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,635 30,254 224,927 228,036

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,481 6,489 154,568 155,469

Participation rate..................................................................... 21.2 21.4 68.7 68.2

Employed............................................................................. 5,994 6,018 148,499 150,173

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 19.6 19.9 66.0 65.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 487 470 6,068 5,296

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.5 7.3 3.9 3.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,154 23,765 70,359 72,567

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,866 2,793 77,168 77,334

Participation rate..................................................................... 35.8 36.4 82.8 82.2

Employed............................................................................. 2,645 2,589 74,141 74,717

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 33.0 33.7 79.5 79.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 221 204 3,027 2,617

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.7 7.3 3.9 3.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,144 4,882 16,044 16,772

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,356 2,488 68,889 69,058

Participation rate..................................................................... 30.4 31.8 71.2 71.2

Employed............................................................................. 2,153 2,275 66,094 66,677

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 27.8 29.1 68.3 68.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 203 213 2,794 2,381

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.6 8.6 4.1 3.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,393 5,335 27,830 27,989

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,260 1,208 8,512 9,077

Participation rate..................................................................... 8.5 8.2 24.3 24.6

Employed............................................................................. 1,197 1,154 8,264 8,779

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 8.0 7.8 23.6 23.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 63 54 247 298

Unemployment rate............................................................... 5.0 4.4 2.9 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,617 13,547 26,485 27,806

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2018

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 41,642 43,112 20,308 20,929 21,334 22,183

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,846 28,315 16,058 16,168 11,788 12,147

Participation rate.................................................. 66.9 65.7 79.1 77.3 55.3 54.8

Employed.......................................................... 26,754 27,471 15,529 15,776 11,225 11,696

Employment-population ratio................................. 64.2 63.7 76.5 75.4 52.6 52.7

Unemployed....................................................... 1,092 844 529 393 563 451

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.9 3.0 3.3 2.4 4.8 3.7

Not in labor force.................................................... 13,796 14,796 4,250 4,761 9,546 10,035

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 213,920 215,178 103,207 103,999 110,713 111,179

Civilian labor force.................................................. 133,203 133,642 69,458 69,647 63,745 63,995

Participation rate.................................................. 62.3 62.1 67.3 67.0 57.6 57.6

Employed.......................................................... 127,739 128,720 66,590 67,038 61,149 61,682

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.7 59.8 64.5 64.5 55.2 55.5

Unemployed....................................................... 5,464 4,922 2,868 2,609 2,596 2,313

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.1 3.7 4.1 3.7 4.1 3.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 80,717 81,536 33,749 34,352 46,968 47,184

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,367 2,465 2,555 2,311 2,345 2,350 2,498 2,345 2,474

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,616 1,660 1,726 1,554 1,573 1,567 1,658 1,528 1,640

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 732 789 806 745 742 736 783 772 812

Unpaid family workers........................... 19 17 23 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 152,126 153,074 153,636 151,942 153,211 153,309 153,473 153,262 153,474

Wage and salary workers1...................... 143,214 144,183 144,570 142,959 144,124 144,524 144,447 144,276 144,389

Government..................................... 20,873 20,218 20,674 20,908 21,045 20,986 20,900 20,791 20,743

Private industries............................... 122,341 123,965 123,896 122,055 123,090 123,478 123,541 123,513 123,634

Private households.......................... 583 782 741 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 121,758 123,183 123,154 121,423 122,319 122,757 122,772 122,749 122,842

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,871 8,812 8,970 8,861 9,013 8,728 8,880 8,861 8,959

Unpaid family workers........................... 42 79 96 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,818 4,319 4,306 5,148 4,948 4,743 4,567 4,379 4,642

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,908 2,521 2,606 3,098 3,004 3,042 2,877 2,551 2,782

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,702 1,268 1,464 1,725 1,480 1,447 1,431 1,365 1,447

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,001 19,991 21,475 20,951 21,095 21,304 21,532 21,781 21,464

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,740 4,263 4,238 5,048 4,872 4,662 4,482 4,311 4,547

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,864 2,492 2,572 3,054 2,948 3,004 2,836 2,522 2,752

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,682 1,263 1,459 1,702 1,464 1,431 1,415 1,355 1,441

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,677 19,653 21,077 20,619 20,766 20,941 21,177 21,448 21,057

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,494 155,539 156,191 154,324 155,474 155,576 155,965 155,542 155,962

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,011 5,250 4,876 5,238 5,068 5,144 5,127 4,879 5,081

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,036 1,971 1,826 1,972 1,771 1,797 1,815 1,770 1,766

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,975 3,280 3,050 3,206 3,285 3,344 3,315 3,110 3,293

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,482 150,289 151,315 149,085 150,406 150,432 150,838 150,663 150,881

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,108 14,122 13,910 14,211 14,069 14,046 14,128 13,841 14,026

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,375 136,167 137,405 134,845 136,373 136,422 136,762 136,749 136,856

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,686 99,902 100,763 99,235 100,105 100,204 100,417 100,276 100,316

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,793 35,200 35,658 34,652 35,221 35,288 35,444 35,316 35,500

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,232 32,568 32,661 32,045 32,492 32,566 32,690 32,636 32,489

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,661 32,134 32,444 32,538 32,392 32,350 32,283 32,324 32,327

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,688 36,265 36,642 35,610 36,268 36,218 36,346 36,473 36,540

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,119 83,062 82,814 81,902 82,784 82,522 82,684 82,545 82,645

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,457 2,653 2,356 2,509 2,455 2,509 2,444 2,410 2,420

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932 935 799 899 849 855 814 812 782

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,525 1,718 1,557 1,600 1,610 1,644 1,629 1,598 1,637

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,662 80,409 80,458 79,393 80,329 80,013 80,240 80,134 80,225

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,263 7,227 7,107 7,313 7,205 7,191 7,149 6,990 7,162

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,398 73,182 73,351 72,028 73,131 72,869 73,126 73,106 73,020

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,247 53,638 53,808 52,980 53,728 53,588 53,673 53,599 53,569

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,684 19,020 19,199 18,605 18,992 19,006 19,054 19,007 19,121

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,361 17,692 17,594 17,262 17,634 17,598 17,691 17,642 17,509

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,202 16,927 17,015 17,114 17,101 16,984 16,928 16,950 16,939

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,152 19,543 19,542 19,048 19,403 19,281 19,453 19,507 19,451

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,375 72,477 73,378 72,422 72,690 73,054 73,281 72,997 73,317

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,554 2,597 2,520 2,729 2,613 2,635 2,683 2,468 2,661

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,104 1,036 1,027 1,073 922 942 1,001 958 983

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,450 1,561 1,493 1,606 1,675 1,700 1,687 1,512 1,656

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,820 69,880 70,858 69,692 70,077 70,419 70,598 70,529 70,656

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,844 6,895 6,803 6,898 6,864 6,855 6,979 6,851 6,864

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,976 62,985 64,055 62,817 63,243 63,553 63,636 63,643 63,836

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,440 46,264 46,954 46,255 46,377 46,616 46,744 46,677 46,747

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,110 16,180 16,459 16,047 16,229 16,282 16,390 16,309 16,379

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,871 14,876 15,067 14,784 14,858 14,969 14,998 14,994 14,979

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,460 15,207 15,428 15,425 15,291 15,366 15,355 15,374 15,388

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,536 16,722 17,100 16,562 16,865 16,937 16,892 16,966 17,089

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,846 45,882 46,205 45,594 46,041 45,689 45,751 45,858 45,966

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,696 35,542 36,090 35,591 35,978 35,976 35,986 36,070 35,984

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,673 9,806 9,887 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,235 129,975 129,466 126,676 128,657 128,568 129,021 128,577 128,894

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,259 25,564 26,726 27,603 26,883 27,028 26,992 26,913 27,055

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,359 7,540 7,670 7,350 7,442 7,619 8,072 7,944 7,707

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.2 5.1 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,974 5,768 5,840 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,602 9,601 9,776 9,605 9,755 9,464 9,663 9,633 9,771

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 6,759 6,234 5,964 4.2 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 786 714 743 13.0 12.8 12.6 13.1 12.8 12.8

16 to 17 years.................................. 319 274 282 13.9 14.8 14.4 13.6 13.4 13.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 472 430 446 12.8 12.2 11.4 12.5 12.2 11.9

20 years and over................................ 5,973 5,520 5,221 3.9 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,162 1,012 1,036 7.6 7.1 7.4 6.9 6.8 6.9

25 years and over.............................. 4,842 4,483 4,210 3.5 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 3,648 3,337 3,149 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 1,578 1,510 1,299 4.4 3.8 3.9 3.5 4.1 3.5

35 to 44 years............................. 1,042 972 969 3.2 2.8 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 1,027 855 882 3.1 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.7

55 years and over........................... 1,174 1,155 1,056 3.2 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.8

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,617 3,309 3,211 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 449 414 373 15.2 16.0 14.7 15.5 14.7 13.4

16 to 17 years.................................. 166 150 134 15.6 18.0 16.5 16.1 15.6 14.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 287 262 241 15.2 15.1 13.2 14.5 14.1 12.8

20 years and over................................ 3,168 2,895 2,837 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 693 570 575 8.7 7.9 8.2 7.4 7.5 7.4

25 years and over.............................. 2,499 2,317 2,281 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 1,887 1,717 1,707 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 836 821 704 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.5 4.1 3.6

35 to 44 years............................. 514 470 539 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.6 3.0

45 to 54 years............................. 537 426 464 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.7

55 years and over........................... 613 600 574 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,142 2,925 2,753 4.2 3.6 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 337 300 370 11.0 9.6 10.5 10.9 10.8 12.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 153 125 148 12.5 11.6 12.4 11.4 11.5 13.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 185 168 205 10.3 9.2 9.5 10.5 10.0 11.0

20 years and over................................ 2,804 2,625 2,383 3.9 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 468 442 461 6.4 6.2 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.3

25 years and over.............................. 2,343 2,166 1,930 3.6 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.3 2.9

25 to 54 years............................... 1,761 1,620 1,442 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 742 689 595 4.4 3.9 4.0 3.6 4.1 3.5

35 to 44 years............................. 529 502 430 3.5 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.2 2.8

45 to 54 years............................. 490 430 418 3.1 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.6

55 years and over........................... 576 539 500 3.4 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.8

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,050 931 898 2.3 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9

Married women, spouse present1................. 922 931 780 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.1

Women who maintain families2.................... 672 556 529 6.5 4.7 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.1

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 5,504 4,993 4,662 4.2 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.5

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,231 1,196 1,267 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.5

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2,992 2,885 2,474 3,316 2,854 3,065 3,017 2,875 2,796

On temporary layoff.............................. 568 893 507 891 803 906 890 872 820

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,424 1,992 1,967 2,425 2,052 2,159 2,127 2,003 1,975

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,742 1,337 1,238 1,728 1,439 1,486 1,455 1,345 1,248

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 682 655 729 697 612 673 672 658 727

Job leavers........................................... 805 967 794 737 852 811 844 862 730

Reentrants............................................ 2,127 1,869 1,939 2,068 1,882 2,086 1,799 1,846 1,877

New entrants......................................... 631 649 559 663 571 578 591 584 586

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 45.6 45.3 42.9 48.9 46.3 46.9 48.3 46.6 46.7

On temporary layoff.............................. 8.7 14.0 8.8 13.1 13.0 13.9 14.2 14.1 13.7

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 37.0 31.3 34.1 35.8 33.3 33.0 34.0 32.5 33.0

Job leavers........................................... 12.3 15.2 13.8 10.9 13.8 12.4 13.5 14.0 12.2

Reentrants............................................ 32.4 29.3 33.6 30.5 30.6 31.9 28.8 29.9 31.3

New entrants......................................... 9.6 10.2 9.7 9.8 9.3 8.8 9.5 9.5 9.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 1.9 1.8 1.5 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2

New entrants......................................... 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,227 2,183 2,043 2,223 2,034 2,227 2,091 2,208 2,065

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,740 2,037 1,566 1,879 1,945 1,882 1,820 1,720 1,720

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,589 2,149 2,157 2,695 2,166 2,314 2,406 2,255 2,245

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 889 809 790 962 977 836 971 923 861

27 weeks and over............................... 1,700 1,341 1,366 1,733 1,189 1,478 1,435 1,332 1,384

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 26.9 22.2 24.7 26.6 21.3 21.2 23.2 22.6 24.0

Median duration, in weeks......................... 10.3 9.0 9.4 10.1 9.2 8.9 9.5 9.1 9.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 34.0 34.3 35.4 32.7 33.1 34.7 33.1 35.7 34.3

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 26.5 32.0 27.2 27.6 31.7 29.3 28.8 27.8 28.5

15 weeks and over.................................. 39.5 33.7 37.4 39.7 35.2 36.0 38.1 36.5 37.2

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 13.6 12.7 13.7 14.2 15.9 13.0 15.4 14.9 14.3

27 weeks and over............................... 25.9 21.0 23.7 25.5 19.4 23.0 22.7 21.5 22.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2018

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 154,494 156,191 6,556 5,766 4.1 3.6

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 60,990 62,181 1,463 1,299 2.3 2.0

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 25,309 26,068 636 554 2.5 2.1

Professional and related occupations.......................... 35,681 36,112 827 745 2.3 2.0

Service occupations................................................ 27,429 26,606 1,414 1,207 4.9 4.3

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,697 33,510 1,415 1,257 4.0 3.6

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,798 15,609 605 656 3.7 4.0

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,899 17,901 810 600 4.3 3.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,110 14,855 746 582 5.0 3.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,155 1,180 105 52 8.3 4.2

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,010 8,570 470 434 5.5 4.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,945 5,105 171 95 3.4 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,268 19,039 873 847 4.6 4.3

Production occupations.......................................... 8,282 8,639 405 346 4.7 3.9

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,986 10,400 468 501 4.5 4.6

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2018

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 6,556 5,766 4.1 3.6

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,063 4,468 4.0 3.5

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 24 13 3.0 1.7

Construction.......................................................................... 433 412 4.7 4.1

Manufacturing........................................................................ 587 547 3.8 3.5

Durable goods..................................................................... 365 305 3.8 3.1

Nondurable goods................................................................ 221 242 3.9 4.3

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 843 810 4.1 4.0

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 282 189 4.1 2.6

Information............................................................................ 141 62 5.1 2.3

Financial activities................................................................... 240 271 2.5 2.7

Professional and business services............................................... 723 557 4.1 3.2

Education and health services..................................................... 804 666 3.4 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 708 722 5.0 5.4

Other services........................................................................ 280 219 4.2 3.3

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 111 71 6.7 4.1

Government workers................................................................... 438 416 2.1 2.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 312 251 3.1 2.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2017

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

May

2018

June

2018

July

2018

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 1.9 1.8 1.5 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.1 3.9 3.6 4.2 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.3 4.2 3.8 4.4 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.9

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 5.0 4.8 4.5 5.1 4.6 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 8.0 7.4 7.1 8.3 7.6 7.8 7.5 7.4 7.5

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2017

Sept.

2018

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 94,513 96,332 37,999 39,113 56,514 57,220

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,415 5,070 2,494 2,381 2,922 2,689

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 1,569 1,577 798 832 772 745

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 421 383 275 223 146 160

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,148 1,194 522 608 625 585

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,359 7,670 3,699 3,736 3,660 3,934

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.8 4.9 4.5 4.5 5.1 5.4

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,053 4,200 2,236 2,253 1,816 1,946

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,040 2,050 753 736 1,287 1,315

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 305 331 190 201 115 130

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 923 1,044 502 519 421 525

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Change

from:

Aug.2018 -

Sept.2018p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,177 148,897 149,391 149,741 146,963 149,096 149,366 149,500 134

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,904 127,807 127,981 127,363 124,626 126,719 126,973 127,094 121

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,382 21,053 21,107 21,023 20,130 20,701 20,738 20,784 46

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696 751 763 759 690 740 746 751 5

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.0 49.9 49.5 48.7 48.7 48.4 48.0 47.4 -0.6

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646.3 700.7 713.1 710.7 641.0 691.2 698.2 703.3 5.1

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.1 154.7 155.7 152.6 146.9 152.6 152.8 152.3 -0.5

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.8 193.7 195.3 193.2 186.1 189.5 190.0 189.6 -0.4

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.9 53.0 53.2 52.8 52.8 53.0 52.9 52.6 -0.3

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.6 39.8 39.6 39.0 38.7 39.2 39.0 38.8 -0.2

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.3 100.9 102.5 101.4 94.6 97.3 98.0 98.2 0.2

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.4 352.3 362.1 364.9 308.0 349.1 355.4 361.4 6.0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,177 7,496 7,525 7,477 6,971 7,237 7,263 7,286 23

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,571.1 1,653.4 1,655.7 1,639.9 1,535.1 1,608.3 1,616.6 1,617.0 0.4

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758.6 819.9 821.1 811.3 741.5 796.4 801.0 799.2 -1.8

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812.5 833.5 834.6 828.6 793.6 811.9 815.6 817.8 2.2

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,057.1 1,084.9 1,090.6 1,094.7 990.4 1,018.8 1,021.5 1,028.6 7.1

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,548.5 4,757.8 4,778.2 4,742.3 4,445.0 4,610.1 4,625.3 4,640.8 15.5

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,999.4 2,091.6 2,102.7 2,078.5 1,954.3 2,022.6 2,030.0 2,036.2 6.2

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,549.1 2,666.2 2,675.5 2,663.8 2,490.7 2,587.5 2,595.3 2,604.6 9.3

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,509 12,806 12,819 12,787 12,469 12,724 12,729 12,747 18

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,760 7,986 7,994 7,980 7,755 7,959 7,964 7,981 17

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.7 409.8 407.6 405.6 395.6 405.9 405.6 406.9 1.3

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416.8 426.6 426.2 425.2 410.8 419.3 418.8 421.5 2.7

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.3 381.2 382.3 381.8 373.5 381.2 382.1 382.3 0.2

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,439.2 1,498.7 1,499.0 1,496.8 1,439.6 1,491.7 1,495.9 1,499.6 3.7

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,082.7 1,136.4 1,132.3 1,128.1 1,083.7 1,129.1 1,128.1 1,129.8 1.7

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,044.7 1,075.5 1,073.1 1,069.3 1,045.2 1,069.3 1,068.5 1,070.6 2.1

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 161.8 170.7 170.7 171.2 161.3 170.1 169.4 171.0 1.6

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.7 86.0 85.1 84.9 86.9 85.5 85.1 85.0 -0.1

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362.0 373.5 371.7 369.7 362.9 370.9 370.3 370.5 0.2

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400.2 413.0 413.0 410.6 400.2 410.6 411.4 411.5 0.1

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 32.3 32.6 32.9 33.9 32.2 32.4 32.7 0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 389.6 408.7 408.4 408.6 389.8 405.9 407.0 408.4 1.4

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,636.7 1,653.2 1,671.3 1,674.4 1,632.9 1,666.0 1,668.6 1,669.8 1.2

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954.9 942.9 961.4 962.3 952.1 959.0 960.6 960.2 -0.4

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391.7 394.2 393.0 391.1 392.8 391.7 389.7 391.6 1.9

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590.2 601.4 601.1 599.1 590.7 599.0 599.8 600.0 0.2

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,749 4,820 4,825 4,807 4,714 4,765 4,765 4,766 1

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,638.8 1,671.3 1,675.9 1,667.9 1,613.0 1,640.0 1,636.7 1,639.3 2.6

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.7 111.7 112.6 111.7 113.0 111.7 112.4 111.6 -0.8

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.2 111.4 112.0 111.2 113.7 110.8 110.8 110.7 -0.1

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.8 113.6 113.4 112.2 116.0 114.4 113.5 111.7 -1.8

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.6 377.5 377.9 375.8 368.9 375.5 376.6 376.9 0.3

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 438.9 434.9 434.0 432.3 439.4 433.4 432.7 432.4 -0.3

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.7 120.5 120.8 120.1 115.7 117.0 117.2 117.2 0.0

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822.0 836.3 838.1 837.2 823.4 831.5 835.3 837.7 2.4

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719.4 731.2 727.9 727.4 719.6 727.6 726.3 726.7 0.4

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299.9 312.0 312.3 311.6 291.7 303.3 303.5 302.2 -1.3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,522 106,754 106,874 106,340 104,496 106,018 106,235 106,310 75

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,402 27,770 27,797 27,729 27,525 27,782 27,837 27,845 8

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,916.7 6,012.3 6,029.5 6,010.7 5,915.8 5,984.2 6,005.5 6,009.9 4.4

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,976.1 3,033.7 3,046.9 3,039.9 2,976.0 3,020.2 3,035.2 3,041.5 6.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,048.4 2,060.3 2,062.2 2,054.3 2,046.3 2,050.2 2,055.0 2,051.6 -3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Change

from:

Aug.2018 -

Sept.2018p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892.2 918.3 920.4 916.5 893.5 913.8 915.3 916.8 1.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,720.2 15,944.8 15,928.6 15,782.8 15,853.3 15,917.3 15,928.8 15,908.8 -20.0

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,013.5 2,049.6 2,047.8 2,043.2 2,009.4 2,033.2 2,035.4 2,036.2 0.8

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,298.6 1,313.4 1,314.6 1,314.7 1,298.2 1,308.7 1,310.7 1,311.4 0.7

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.9 164.6 163.2 158.5 153.3 155.4 156.0 156.5 0.5

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 559.0 571.6 570.0 570.0 558.0 569.1 568.8 568.3 -0.5

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 470.0 477.5 477.7 477.1 476.0 483.4 482.3 483.8 1.5

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 495.0 491.1 490.8 487.3 502.5 496.9 494.5 491.4 -3.1

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,261.7 1,346.4 1,305.6 1,276.0 1,282.8 1,309.5 1,305.9 1,301.4 -4.5

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,072.3 3,122.5 3,118.9 3,092.1 3,077.6 3,097.2 3,100.3 3,098.2 -2.1

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,050.5 1,047.2 1,048.4 1,044.7 1,059.0 1,052.7 1,055.9 1,055.2 -0.7

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937.4 950.2 950.2 944.7 931.4 938.7 939.1 941.9 2.8

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,325.9 1,377.6 1,367.8 1,326.4 1,361.8 1,380.1 1,359.2 1,355.3 -3.9

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.4 550.9 557.3 554.7 604.1 564.3 572.1 569.5 -2.6

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,099.3 3,098.7 3,131.1 3,113.2 3,146.5 3,135.1 3,153.2 3,149.2 -4.0

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,149.3 1,148.6 1,162.4 1,155.6 1,183.4 1,174.3 1,180.7 1,180.4 -0.3

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,950.0 1,950.1 1,968.7 1,957.6 1,963.1 1,960.8 1,972.5 1,968.9 -3.6

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830.0 840.7 838.5 828.1 826.7 828.4 830.7 825.3 -5.4

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572.2 592.4 594.5 595.3 575.5 597.8 600.2 601.4 1.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,211.4 5,257.2 5,285.7 5,385.7 5,201.7 5,330.4 5,351.7 5,375.5 23.8

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.3 508.8 508.4 505.8 496.1 504.4 504.8 505.3 0.5

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.7 214.6 215.6 215.6 212.8 214.1 214.6 215.5 0.9

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.8 68.3 68.1 65.6 66.0 65.2 65.1 64.4 -0.7

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,469.2 1,492.9 1,504.8 1,505.4 1,454.8 1,477.1 1,483.0 1,487.9 4.9

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512.3 430.7 430.9 513.5 501.0 491.6 495.3 500.7 5.4

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.5 47.3 46.9 46.9 47.7 47.2 46.8 46.8 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 42.0 46.1 45.6 40.9 35.3 34.9 35.3 34.7 -0.6

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 696.7 712.2 716.4 714.8 694.2 711.0 713.9 713.8 -0.1

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671.8 708.5 715.2 729.1 696.4 747.9 751.5 756.6 5.1

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995.1 1,027.8 1,033.8 1,048.1 997.4 1,037.0 1,041.4 1,049.8 8.4

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.3 555.2 553.1 549.8 554.2 550.3 550.9 551.0 0.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,778 2,786 2,788 2,763 2,784 2,770 2,767 2,767 0

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 719.0 717.8 718.3 717.4 719.3 714.6 714.7 715.1 0.4

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411.5 422.8 427.3 406.0 420.8 413.9 413.2 412.9 -0.3

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264.6 261.1 262.5 266.2 264.3 263.0 263.5 264.3 0.8

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781.6 758.7 754.4 751.8 778.1 757.4 754.5 751.5 -3.0

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318.3 328.1 326.5 326.6 318.6 326.7 325.9 327.5 1.6

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.0 297.2 298.7 294.9 283.3 294.1 295.0 295.4 0.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,490 8,662 8,656 8,608 8,485 8,578 8,590 8,603 13

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,282.0 6,361.2 6,355.0 6,324.6 6,289.8 6,326.9 6,333.0 6,333.4 0.4

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 18.9 19.5 19.4 19.1 19.0 19.2 19.3 19.3 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,649.1 2,683.4 2,676.4 2,662.0 2,653.9 2,666.9 2,665.8 2,666.1 0.3

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,708.4 1,731.6 1,726.3 1,713.4 1,714.3 1,720.4 1,719.2 1,719.4 0.2

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,317.7 1,330.3 1,325.1 1,314.5 1,321.6 1,322.8 1,320.2 1,320.0 -0.2

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 626.3 635.7 636.6 634.8 626.6 632.8 633.5 632.4 -1.1

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 314.4 316.1 313.5 313.8 313.0 313.6 313.1 314.2 1.1

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 946.9 975.0 977.7 967.0 945.9 964.7 969.4 968.2 -1.2

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,667.1 2,683.3 2,681.5 2,676.5 2,671.0 2,676.1 2,678.5 2,679.8 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,207.8 2,300.4 2,300.7 2,283.2 2,195.6 2,250.9 2,256.7 2,269.6 12.9

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,602.2 1,658.1 1,658.7 1,646.6 1,599.5 1,632.7 1,634.8 1,642.5 7.7

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581.6 616.3 616.3 611.5 571.9 593.0 596.7 602.0 5.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Change

from:

Aug.2018 -

Sept.2018p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 24.0 26.0 25.7 25.1 24.2 25.2 25.2 25.1 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,629 21,135 21,223 21,201 20,570 21,011 21,076 21,130 54

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,958.9 9,264.4 9,274.4 9,216.7 9,045.8 9,248.0 9,278.5 9,297.4 18.9

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,132.3 1,148.2 1,137.7 1,132.2 1,136.4 1,137.8 1,136.7 1,138.1 1.4

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 929.9 955.5 960.1 953.2 998.8 1,010.0 1,013.3 1,013.1 -0.2

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,444.3 1,503.9 1,507.0 1,489.3 1,443.8 1,480.1 1,486.2 1,484.8 -1.4

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.4 137.8 139.2 140.3 137.7 137.1 139.3 140.4 1.1

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,043.4 2,126.2 2,127.5 2,109.9 2,053.0 2,112.4 2,117.5 2,122.3 4.8

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,408.5 1,458.5 1,467.2 1,465.6 1,409.5 1,451.7 1,461.7 1,468.3 6.6

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659.9 693.7 689.4 682.0 663.7 682.9 682.9 684.2 1.3

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 488.2 498.1 500.7 498.5 489.0 496.0 499.2 500.3 1.1

Other professional and technical services. . . 716.0 742.5 745.6 745.7 713.9 740.0 741.8 746.0 4.2

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,298.4 2,346.3 2,347.0 2,333.8 2,298.6 2,330.7 2,336.1 2,339.0 2.9

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,371.9 9,524.5 9,601.2 9,650.0 9,225.1 9,432.7 9,461.2 9,493.1 31.9

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,956.3 9,084.8 9,163.2 9,213.7 8,811.9 9,001.9 9,029.4 9,059.4 30.0

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 514.6 526.0 528.0 530.2 515.4 525.7 528.2 530.2 2.0

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.9 156.5 158.5 158.8 154.3 156.8 157.4 157.3 -0.1

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,706.8 3,693.1 3,763.0 3,827.4 3,634.1 3,728.0 3,739.2 3,756.9 17.7

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,033.8 2,998.1 3,065.9 3,128.2 2,972.2 3,036.5 3,048.9 3,059.5 10.6

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902.5 894.7 899.7 906.3 906.2 909.3 911.1 908.9 -2.2

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.8 219.1 219.1 218.6 216.8 216.0 216.7 217.5 0.8

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 927.7 942.9 948.6 955.2 921.1 943.8 944.9 946.7 1.8

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,204.5 2,313.1 2,306.0 2,274.7 2,137.1 2,184.7 2,194.3 2,201.0 6.7

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328.5 339.4 340.3 342.5 326.9 337.5 337.8 340.9 3.1

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415.6 439.7 438.0 436.3 413.2 430.8 431.8 433.7 1.9

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,221 23,320 23,422 23,668 23,297 23,674 23,732 23,750 18

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,668.4 3,422.8 3,452.4 3,704.0 3,706.8 3,750.8 3,766.4 3,754.4 -12.0

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,552.9 19,897.1 19,969.3 19,964.1 19,590.0 19,923.4 19,965.8 19,995.6 29.8

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,782.9 16,055.8 16,094.0 16,081.0 15,791.3 16,035.6 16,067.1 16,092.8 25.7

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,334.1 7,499.9 7,524.9 7,512.9 7,345.7 7,496.5 7,514.4 7,524.7 10.3

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,602.5 2,640.3 2,642.0 2,640.3 2,604.4 2,637.7 2,641.9 2,646.0 4.1

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930.3 947.5 954.2 949.5 934.4 946.6 949.0 948.5 -0.5

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 893.1 929.7 936.3 929.2 896.6 929.1 932.2 934.2 2.0

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905.7 934.5 937.5 935.0 906.8 933.3 936.4 937.4 1.0

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 270.4 282.8 282.2 284.4 271.2 282.3 282.5 283.8 1.3

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,424.5 1,457.4 1,467.0 1,467.6 1,424.7 1,459.7 1,465.0 1,467.2 2.2

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307.6 307.7 305.7 306.9 307.7 307.9 307.5 307.6 0.1

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,104.5 5,187.5 5,194.4 5,205.0 5,100.2 5,182.1 5,190.9 5,202.9 12.0

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,344.3 3,368.4 3,374.7 3,363.1 3,345.4 3,357.0 3,361.8 3,365.2 3.4

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,621.6 1,613.3 1,617.2 1,613.1 1,620.3 1,609.7 1,611.6 1,611.8 0.2

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 628.9 636.3 638.7 636.1 629.3 634.2 637.1 637.8 0.7

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925.7 945.3 945.0 940.1 927.5 941.8 940.8 941.9 1.1

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 168.1 173.5 173.8 173.8 168.4 171.3 172.4 173.8 1.4

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,770.0 3,841.3 3,875.3 3,883.1 3,798.7 3,887.8 3,898.7 3,902.8 4.1

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,329.6 2,444.5 2,441.0 2,433.5 2,348.9 2,436.6 2,440.7 2,448.6 7.9

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 167.6 172.4 175.0 174.4 168.6 172.6 174.5 174.8 0.3

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 342.3 353.2 351.7 345.5 343.6 346.5 346.7 346.1 -0.6

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930.5 871.2 907.6 929.7 937.6 932.1 936.8 933.3 -3.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,227 17,144 17,076 16,509 16,046 16,338 16,359 16,342 -17

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,377.5 2,715.4 2,649.7 2,393.7 2,321.7 2,347.1 2,344.8 2,351.1 6.3

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 516.1 518.0 513.2 504.0 492.8 487.5 483.8 491.3 7.5

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.1 192.8 186.5 176.9 168.1 173.6 173.5 174.3 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Change

from:

Aug.2018 -

Sept.2018p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,691.3 2,004.6 1,950.0 1,712.8 1,660.8 1,686.0 1,687.5 1,685.5 -2.0

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,849.8 14,428.1 14,426.5 14,115.4 13,723.8 13,991.3 14,013.8 13,990.9 -22.9

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,045.4 2,197.8 2,183.5 2,078.9 2,007.3 2,037.1 2,041.2 2,036.5 -4.7

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,804.4 12,230.3 12,243.0 12,036.5 11,716.5 11,954.2 11,972.6 11,954.4 -18.2

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,775 5,937 5,912 5,862 5,789 5,865 5,874 5,873 -1

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,307.3 1,325.8 1,324.5 1,326.4 1,308.4 1,320.3 1,323.8 1,325.4 1.6

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,487.3 1,534.5 1,536.7 1,533.4 1,488.7 1,523.9 1,529.6 1,533.8 4.2

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,980.4 3,076.2 3,051.2 3,001.7 2,992.0 3,020.8 3,020.4 3,013.5 -6.9

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,273 21,090 21,410 22,378 22,337 22,377 22,393 22,406 13

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,809.0 2,811.0 2,804.0 2,799.0 2,803.0 2,796.0 2,795.0 2,794.0 -1.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,196.7 2,205.8 2,200.5 2,194.2 2,188.7 2,189.3 2,188.5 2,188.2 -0.3

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612.0 605.0 603.6 604.4 614.6 606.4 606.6 606.0 -0.6

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,174.0 4,800.0 4,865.0 5,211.0 5,140.0 5,134.0 5,142.0 5,164.0 22.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,502.2 2,116.1 2,183.1 2,543.7 2,465.5 2,467.4 2,476.9 2,498.1 21.2

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,671.9 2,683.4 2,682.1 2,667.1 2,674.4 2,666.3 2,664.9 2,666.3 1.4

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,290.0 13,479.0 13,741.0 14,368.0 14,394.0 14,447.0 14,456.0 14,448.0 -8.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,837.2 6,751.5 7,069.5 7,898.2 7,939.5 7,963.8 7,970.0 7,969.0 -1.0

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,452.8 6,727.7 6,671.5 6,469.9 6,454.1 6,483.2 6,485.7 6,479.4 -6.3

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.3 34.5 34.5 34.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.2 40.6 40.5 40.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.3 46.0 46.0 45.8

Construction....................................................................... 38.9 39.4 39.2 38.9

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 41.0 40.9 40.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.2 41.4 41.3 41.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.9 40.3 40.3 40.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.4 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.4

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.1 39.0 39.0 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.9 31.1 31.0 31.0

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.6 39.0 38.9 38.9

Utilities........................................................................... 42.5 41.8 41.9 41.9

Information......................................................................... 36.3 36.1 36.2 36.4

Financial activities................................................................ 37.5 37.5 37.6 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 36.0 36.2 36.1 36.1

Education and health services.................................................. 32.8 33.0 33.0 33.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.0 26.1 26.1 26.0

Other services..................................................................... 31.6 31.8 31.9 31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Total private............................................... $26.51 $27.07 $27.16 $27.24 $909.29 $933.92 $937.02 $939.78

Goods-producing....................................... 27.77 28.22 28.29 28.36 1,116.35 1,145.73 1,145.75 1,142.91

Mining and logging.................................. 32.07 32.62 32.73 32.96 1,452.77 1,500.52 1,505.58 1,509.57

Construction.......................................... 29.26 29.92 30.00 30.18 1,138.21 1,178.85 1,176.00 1,174.00

Manufacturing........................................ 26.71 27.01 27.07 27.07 1,087.10 1,107.41 1,107.16 1,104.46

Durable goods.................................... 27.98 28.37 28.44 28.45 1,152.78 1,174.52 1,174.57 1,172.14

Nondurable goods................................ 24.54 24.67 24.71 24.71 979.15 994.20 995.81 993.34

Private service-providing.............................. 26.22 26.79 26.89 26.97 870.50 894.79 895.44 898.10

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.92 23.36 23.48 23.55 788.45 805.92 810.06 810.12

Wholesale trade.................................. 30.23 30.56 30.71 30.88 1,181.99 1,191.84 1,197.69 1,201.23

Retail trade........................................ 18.24 18.73 18.83 18.87 563.62 582.50 583.73 584.97

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.00 24.35 24.44 24.46 926.40 949.65 950.72 951.49

Utilities............................................. 39.41 40.86 40.77 41.06 1,674.93 1,707.95 1,708.26 1,720.41

Information........................................... 38.46 39.55 39.79 40.27 1,396.10 1,427.76 1,440.40 1,465.83

Financial activities................................... 33.48 34.82 34.95 35.03 1,255.50 1,305.75 1,314.12 1,313.63

Professional and business services.............. 31.82 32.48 32.64 32.69 1,145.52 1,175.78 1,178.30 1,180.11

Education and health services..................... 26.52 27.01 27.03 27.07 869.86 891.33 891.99 893.31

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 15.61 15.98 16.03 16.06 405.86 417.08 418.38 417.56

Other services....................................... 24.09 24.39 24.40 24.48 761.24 775.60 778.36 778.46

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2018 -

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2018 -

Sept.

2018p

Total private..................................... 107.3 109.7 110.0 110.1 0.1 136.0 142.0 142.8 143.3 0.4

Goods-producing............................. 92.2 95.8 95.7 95.4 -0.3 115.7 122.1 122.4 122.3 -0.1

Mining and logging........................ 98.2 107.0 107.8 108.1 0.3 126.5 140.1 141.7 143.0 0.9

Construction................................ 93.5 98.3 98.1 97.7 -0.4 118.8 127.8 127.9 128.1 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 91.3 93.9 93.7 93.6 -0.1 113.4 117.9 117.9 117.8 -0.1

Durable goods........................... 90.0 92.8 92.6 92.6 0.0 111.8 116.9 117.0 117.0 0.0

Nondurable goods...................... 93.9 95.8 95.8 95.6 -0.2 116.9 120.0 120.2 119.9 -0.2

Private service-providing.................... 111.6 113.9 113.8 113.9 0.1 142.2 148.3 148.7 149.3 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.0 104.2 104.5 104.2 -0.3 127.0 131.1 132.0 132.0 0.0

Wholesale trade......................... 100.9 101.8 102.2 102.0 -0.2 127.3 129.9 131.0 131.5 0.4

Retail trade.............................. 99.5 100.6 100.3 100.2 -0.1 120.0 124.5 124.9 125.0 0.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 114.9 119.0 119.1 119.7 0.5 140.0 147.0 147.8 148.6 0.5

Utilities.................................... 101.9 99.5 99.9 99.9 0.0 132.7 134.4 134.5 135.5 0.7

Information................................. 92.3 91.3 91.5 92.0 0.5 126.4 128.6 129.6 131.9 1.8

Financial activities......................... 104.2 105.4 105.8 105.7 -0.1 136.1 143.1 144.2 144.4 0.1

Professional and business services..... 116.5 119.6 119.7 120.0 0.3 150.1 157.4 158.2 158.9 0.4

Education and health services........... 124.8 127.6 127.9 128.0 0.1 159.2 165.8 166.3 166.7 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 119.0 121.7 121.8 121.2 -0.5 149.9 156.9 157.6 157.1 -0.3

Other services............................. 105.5 107.5 108.0 107.7 -0.3 139.3 143.7 144.5 144.5 0.0

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Total nonfarm............................................. 72,769 74,050 74,196 74,246 49.5 49.7 49.7 49.7

Total private............................................ 59,945 61,160 61,276 61,324 48.1 48.3 48.3 48.3

Goods-producing.................................... 4,424 4,595 4,607 4,623 22.0 22.2 22.2 22.2

Mining and logging............................... 91 94 95 94 13.2 12.7 12.7 12.5

Construction....................................... 889 930 933 939 12.8 12.9 12.8 12.9

Manufacturing..................................... 3,444 3,571 3,579 3,590 27.6 28.1 28.1 28.2

Durable goods.................................. 1,816 1,887 1,892 1,898 23.4 23.7 23.8 23.8

Nondurable goods............................. 1,628 1,684 1,687 1,692 34.5 35.3 35.4 35.5

Private service-providing........................... 55,521 56,565 56,669 56,701 53.1 53.4 53.3 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,035 11,164 11,173 11,173 40.1 40.2 40.1 40.1

Wholesale trade................................ 1,745.1 1,787.7 1,797.8 1,796.1 29.5 29.9 29.9 29.9

Retail trade..................................... 7,888.2 7,928.3 7,925.6 7,919.8 49.8 49.8 49.8 49.8

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,274.1 1,319.2 1,321.3 1,329.0 24.5 24.7 24.7 24.7

Utilities........................................... 127.2 128.6 128.6 128.4 23.0 23.4 23.3 23.3

Information......................................... 1,102 1,092 1,088 1,088 39.6 39.4 39.3 39.3

Financial activities................................ 4,794 4,844 4,846 4,847 56.5 56.5 56.4 56.3

Professional and business services............ 9,253 9,498 9,541 9,554 45.0 45.2 45.3 45.2

Education and health services.................. 17,934 18,254 18,289 18,297 77.0 77.1 77.1 77.0

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,343 8,594 8,605 8,615 52.0 52.6 52.6 52.7

Other services..................................... 3,060 3,119 3,127 3,127 52.9 53.2 53.2 53.2

Government............................................. 12,824 12,890 12,920 12,922 57.4 57.6 57.7 57.7

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Total private............................................................................... 102,719 104,410 104,599 104,696

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,479 14,871 14,888 14,912

Mining and logging.................................................................. 504 549 554 553

Construction.......................................................................... 5,220 5,395 5,405 5,414

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,755 8,927 8,929 8,945

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,322 5,472 5,476 5,493

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,433 3,455 3,453 3,452

Private service-providing.............................................................. 88,240 89,539 89,711 89,784

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,227 23,495 23,533 23,550

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,741.3 4,800.7 4,816.0 4,822.7

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,521.0 13,607.9 13,610.2 13,603.6

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,518.8 4,646.5 4,665.5 4,681.6

Utilities.............................................................................. 446.1 440.2 441.4 441.8

Information............................................................................ 2,243 2,228 2,230 2,229

Financial activities................................................................... 6,603 6,640 6,654 6,673

Professional and business services............................................... 16,794 17,157 17,207 17,236

Education and health services..................................................... 20,463 20,794 20,847 20,871

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,116 14,370 14,376 14,359

Other services........................................................................ 4,794 4,855 4,864 4,866

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 33.8 33.7 33.7

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.1 41.6 41.5 41.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.2 46.7 46.9 46.2

Construction....................................................................... 39.4 40.1 39.9 39.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.8 42.2 42.2 42.1

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.3 42.5 42.5 42.3

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.2 41.9 41.6 41.6

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.5 32.4 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.8 34.0 34.0 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.9 39.0 38.8

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.2 30.5 30.4 30.5

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.2 38.5 38.3 38.4

Utilities........................................................................... 42.7 42.5 42.8 42.4

Information......................................................................... 35.9 35.7 35.7 35.9

Financial activities................................................................ 36.9 37.0 37.1 37.1

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.3 35.3 35.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.3 32.2 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.7 24.9 24.8 24.7

Other services..................................................................... 30.6 30.7 30.8 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.4

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Total private............................................... $22.20 $22.67 $22.75 $22.81 $745.92 $766.25 $766.68 $768.70

Goods-producing....................................... 23.35 23.91 24.00 24.07 959.69 994.66 996.00 996.50

Mining and logging.................................. 27.40 28.25 28.56 28.90 1,265.88 1,319.28 1,339.46 1,335.18

Construction.......................................... 27.11 27.71 27.76 27.87 1,068.13 1,111.17 1,107.62 1,106.44

Manufacturing........................................ 20.99 21.44 21.53 21.57 877.38 904.77 908.57 908.10

Durable goods.................................... 21.99 22.45 22.52 22.58 930.18 954.13 957.10 955.13

Nondurable goods................................ 19.39 19.81 19.91 19.93 798.87 830.04 828.26 829.09

Private service-providing.............................. 21.95 22.41 22.49 22.54 711.18 728.33 728.68 730.30

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 19.45 19.89 20.01 20.06 657.41 676.26 680.34 682.04

Wholesale trade.................................. 24.85 25.17 25.33 25.51 966.67 979.11 987.87 989.79

Retail trade........................................ 15.38 15.91 15.98 16.00 464.48 485.26 485.79 488.00

Transportation and warehousing............... 21.47 21.87 21.94 21.99 820.15 842.00 840.30 844.42

Utilities............................................. 36.31 36.61 36.98 37.05 1,550.44 1,555.93 1,582.74 1,570.92

Information........................................... 30.83 31.65 31.85 32.02 1,106.80 1,129.91 1,137.05 1,149.52

Financial activities................................... 26.71 26.91 26.95 27.02 985.60 995.67 999.85 1,002.44

Professional and business services.............. 26.16 26.79 26.84 26.89 926.06 945.69 947.45 946.53

Education and health services..................... 23.15 23.64 23.71 23.71 745.43 763.57 763.46 763.46

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.47 13.88 13.93 13.99 332.71 345.61 345.46 345.55

Other services....................................... 20.31 20.65 20.63 20.71 621.49 633.96 635.40 637.87

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2018 -

Sept.

2018p

Sept.

2017

July

2018

Aug.

2018p

Sept.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2018 -

Sept.

2018p

Total private..................................... 115.0 117.6 117.4 117.6 0.2 170.6 178.1 178.5 179.2 0.4

Goods-producing............................. 90.9 94.5 94.4 94.3 -0.1 130.0 138.4 138.7 139.0 0.2

Mining and logging........................ 123.7 136.2 138.1 135.8 -1.7 197.2 223.8 229.3 228.2 -0.5

Construction................................ 103.0 108.3 108.0 107.6 -0.4 150.7 162.1 161.9 162.0 0.1

Manufacturing.............................. 84.0 86.5 86.5 86.4 -0.1 115.3 121.3 121.8 121.9 0.1

Durable goods........................... 84.6 87.4 87.5 87.3 -0.2 116.2 122.5 123.0 123.1 0.1

Nondurable goods...................... 83.3 85.3 84.6 84.6 0.0 114.2 119.4 119.1 119.2 0.1

Private service-providing.................... 121.8 123.9 123.8 123.9 0.1 183.3 190.4 190.9 191.5 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 109.4 111.4 111.5 111.6 0.1 151.9 158.0 159.2 159.7 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 108.6 110.0 110.6 110.2 -0.4 159.0 163.1 165.0 165.6 0.4

Retail trade.............................. 103.4 105.1 104.7 105.0 0.3 136.2 143.3 143.4 144.0 0.4

Transportation and warehousing...... 129.9 134.7 134.5 135.3 0.6 177.0 186.8 187.2 188.8 0.9

Utilities.................................... 97.4 95.7 96.6 95.8 -0.8 147.6 146.2 149.1 148.1 -0.7

Information................................. 91.9 90.8 90.9 91.3 0.4 140.3 142.2 143.3 144.8 1.0

Financial activities......................... 114.7 115.7 116.2 116.5 0.3 188.5 191.5 192.7 193.7 0.5

Professional and business services..... 133.2 135.7 136.1 136.0 -0.1 207.4 216.4 217.4 217.6 0.1

Education and health services........... 140.5 143.2 143.1 143.3 0.1 214.7 223.4 224.0 224.2 0.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 127.7 131.1 130.6 129.9 -0.5 195.4 206.6 206.6 206.4 -0.1

Other services............................. 102.9 104.5 105.1 105.1 0.0 152.2 157.3 157.9 158.6 0.4

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.