1

Technical information: (202) 691-6378

 http://www.bls.gov/cps/

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 06-731

For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT

Thursday, April 27, 2006

EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES IN 2005

In 2005, 7.0 percent of families had an unemployed member, down by 0.4 percentage point from the

prior year, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Since 2003,

the proportion of families with an unemployed member has fallen by 1.1 percentage points. Of the nation’s

76.4 million families, 82.3 percent had at least one employed member in 2005, the same proportion as in

2004.

These data on employment, unemployment, and family relationships are collected as part of the Current

Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 households. Families include

married-couple families, as well as those maintained by a man or woman with no spouse present. For further information about the CPS, see the Technical Note.

Families and Unemployment

In 2005, 5.3 million families had at least one member who was unemployed, down from 5.6 million in

2004. The proportion of black families with an unemployed member (12.7 percent) continued to be about

twice that for white families (6.1 percent) and Asian families (6.2 percent). Among Hispanic families, 9.0

percent had an unemployed member. (See table 1.)

Of the families with an unemployed member, 69.9 percent also had at least one employed member in

2005, essentially unchanged from the prior year. Among married-couple families with unemployment, 82.1

percent had an employed member, as did 57.9 percent of families maintained by men. Both proportions

were about the same as in the prior year. In contrast, the proportion of families maintained by women with

unemployment and at least one employed member rose to 48.2 percent in 2005, up from 45.5 percent in

2004. (See table 3.)

Families and Employment

In 2005, the proportion of all families with at least one employed member, 82.3 percent, was unchanged

from the prior year. There was little or no change over the year in the proportions with employed members

among white (82.5 percent), black (78.0 percent), Asian (89.8 percent), and Hispanic families (86.6 percent). (See table 1.)

Among married-couple families, 83.8 percent had an employed member in 2005, up from 83.5 percent

in 2004. For families maintained by men or women (no spouse present), the proportions with an employed

member were 84.5 percent and 75.6 percent, respectively. Both proportions were little changed from the

prior year. (See table 2.)
2

The proportion of married-couple families in which only the husband worked (20.2 percent) edged down

in 2005, as did the proportion of married-couple families in which only the wife worked (6.5 percent). The

proportion that were dual-worker couples (both husband and wife employed) rose to 51.3 percent. (See

table 2.)

Families with Children

Among the 35.4 million families with children under 18, 90.2 percent had an employed parent in 2005,

down by 0.3 percentage point from 2004. This proportion has trended down since its most recent peak of

92.0 percent in 2000. In 2005, the mother was employed in 71.2 percent of families maintained by women,

and the father was employed in 83.1 percent of those maintained by men. Among married-couple families,

97.1 percent had an employed parent in 2005. (See table 4.)

Mothers

The labor force participation rate for all mothers, 70.5 percent, was about unchanged in 2005. The

proportion of mothers in the labor force had been trending down since 2000, when it was 72.3 percent. The

participation rate for married mothers, at 68.2 percent in 2005, was little changed over the year. It had been

trending down since 1997, when it was 70.7 percent. The participation rate for unmarried mothers—those

who were widowed, divorced, separated, or never married—edged down to 76.1 percent in 2005; it most

recently peaked at 78.9 percent in 2002. (See table 5.)

The unemployment rate for married mothers with children under 18 was 3.6 percent in 2005, little

changed from 2004. The rate for unmarried mothers in 2005, 9.2 percent, also was about unchanged. (See

table 5.)

Among mothers with children younger than a year old, 53.8 percent were in the labor force, little changed

from the prior year. Their participation rate remained about 4 percentage points lower than its peak in the

late 1990s. The jobless rate for mothers of children under age 1 was 8.0 percent in 2005, about unchanged

from 2004. (See table 6.)
Technical Note

The estimates in this release are based on annual average

data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national

sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted monthly

for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau.

The information relates to the labor force status of persons 16

years old and over in the civilian noninstitutional population

during an “average” week of the year.

The data for 2005 presented in this release are not strictly

comparable with data for 2004 and earlier years because of

the introduction in January 2005 of revised population controls used in the CPS. The effect of the revised population controls on the family estimates is unknown. However,

the effect of the new controls on the monthly CPS estimates

was to decrease the December 2004 employment level by

45,000 and the unemployment level by 4,000. The updated

controls had little or no effect on unemployment rates and

other ratios. For additional information, see "Adjustments

to Household Survey Population Estimates in January 2005,"

available on the internet at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps05adj.

pdf.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory

impaired individuals upon request: Voice phone: 202-691-5200;

TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and

nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they

represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies

depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability

is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is

about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an

estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6

standard errors from the “true” population value because of

sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the

90-percent level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including

the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability

to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct

information, and errors made in the collection or processing of

the data.

For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS

and information on estimating standard errors, see the

“Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error” section of

Employment and Earnings.

Definitions

Definitions of the principal terms used in this release are

presented below.

Family. A family is a group of two or more persons residing

together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption. The

count of families is for “primary” families only, that is, the householder and all other persons related to and residing with the

householder. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses.

Householder. The householder is the family reference

person. This is the person (or one of the persons) in whose

name the housing unit is owned or rented. The relationship of

other individuals in the household is defined in terms of

relationship to the householder. The race or ethnicity of the

family is determined by that of the householder.

Married, spouse present; other marital status. These terms

denote the marital status of individuals at the time of interview.

Married, spouse present, refers to husbands and wives living

together in the same household, even though one may be

temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, in a

hospital, or for other reasons. Other marital status includes

persons who are never-married; married, spouse absent;

widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse absent relates to

persons who are separated due to marital problems, as well as

husbands and wives who are living apart because one or the

other was employed elsewhere, on duty with the Armed Forces,

or any other reasons.

Children. Data on children refer to own children and include

sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children, of the

husband, wife, or person maintaining the family. Not included

are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, other related children, and

all unrelated children living in the household.

Employed. Employed persons are (a) all those who, during

the survey reference week, did any work at all as paid

employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on

their own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid

workers in a family-operated enterprise; and (b) all those who

did not work but had jobs or businesses from which they were

temporarily absent due to illness, bad weather, vacation, childcare problems, labor disputes, or personal reasons, whether or

not they were paid for the time off and whether or not they were

seeking other jobs.

Unemployed. The unemployed are persons who had no

employment during the reference week, were available for work

at that time, and had made specific efforts to find employment

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference

week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from

which they had been laid off need not be looking for work to

be classified as unemployed.

Civilian labor force. The civilian labor force comprises all

persons classified as employed or unemployed.

Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate is the number

unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Labor force participation rate. The labor force participation

rate is the labor force as a percent of the population.
Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,

 2004-05 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic 2004 2005

Total

Total families ................................................................................................................ 75,872 76,443

 With employed member(s) ......................................................................................... 62,424 62,933

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 82.3 82.3

 Some usually work full time 1 ............................................................................ 57,813 58,276

 With no employed member ........................................................................................ 13,447 13,509

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 17.7 17.7

 With unemployed member(s) .................................................................................... 5,593 5,318

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 7.4 7.0

 Some member(s) employed .................................................................................... 3,915 3,717

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) .......................................... 70.0 69.9

 Some usually work full time 1 ................................................................................. 3,494 3,310

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ....................................... 62.5 62.2

White 

Total families ................................................................................................................ 62,250 62,567

 With employed member(s) ......................................................................................... 51,350 51,645

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 82.5 82.5

 Some usually work full time 1 ............................................................................ 47,620 47,883

 With no employed member ........................................................................................ 10,900 10,922

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 17.5 17.5

 With unemployed member(s) .................................................................................... 4,078 3,801

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 6.6 6.1

 Some member(s) employed .................................................................................... 3,000 2,782

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) .......................................... 73.6 73.2

 Some usually work full time 1 ................................................................................. 2,677 2,477

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ....................................... 65.7 65.2

Black or African American 

Total families ................................................................................................................ 8,860 8,952

 With employed member(s) ......................................................................................... 6,920 6,986

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 78.1 78.0

 Some usually work full time 1 ............................................................................ 6,292 6,353

 With no employed member ........................................................................................ 1,940 1,966

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 21.9 22.0

 With unemployed member(s) .................................................................................... 1,127 1,140

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 12.7 12.7

 Some member(s) employed .................................................................................... 625 657

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) .......................................... 55.5 57.7

 Some usually work full time 1 ................................................................................. 556 583

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ....................................... 49.3 51.1

Asian 

Total families ................................................................................................................ 3,107 3,218

 With employed member(s) ......................................................................................... 2,775 2,889

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 89.3 89.8

 Some usually work full time 1 ............................................................................ 2,630 2,741

 With no employed member ........................................................................................ 332 329

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 10.7 10.2

 With unemployed member(s) .................................................................................... 208 199

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 6.7 6.2

 Some member(s) employed .................................................................................... 171 160

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) .......................................... 82.1 80.7

 Some usually work full time 1 ................................................................................. 154 145

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ....................................... 74.1 72.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,

 2004-05 annual averages—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic 2004 2005

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 

Total families ................................................................................................................ 9,305 9,603

 With employed member(s) ......................................................................................... 8,071 8,312

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 86.7 86.6

 Some usually work full time 1 ............................................................................ 7,566 7,786

 With no employed member ........................................................................................ 1,235 1,291

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 13.3 13.4

 With unemployed member(s) .................................................................................... 950 860

 As percent of total families ................................................................................... 10.2 9.0

 Some member(s) employed .................................................................................... 664 606

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) .......................................... 69.9 70.5

 Some usually work full time 1 ................................................................................. 594 544

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ....................................... 62.5 63.2

1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.

 NOTE: The race or ethnicity of the family is determined by

that of the householder. Estimates for the above race groups

(white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to

totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition,

persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may

be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well

as by race. Data for 2005 reflect revised population controls

used in the Current Population Survey.
Table 2. Families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 2004-05 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2004 2005 2004 2005

MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES 

 Total ......................................................................................................... 57,188 57,167 100.0 100.0

 Member(s) employed, total ............................................................................ 47,767 47,895 83.5 83.8

 Husband only ............................................................................................... 11,712 11,562 20.5 20.2

 Wife only ...................................................................................................... 3,843 3,715 6.7 6.5

 Husband and wife ........................................................................................ 28,991 29,330 50.7 51.3

 Other employment combinations ................................................................. 3,222 3,288 5.6 5.8

 No member(s) employed ................................................................................ 9,420 9,272 16.5 16.2

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN 1

 Total ......................................................................................................... 13,614 14,035 100.0 100.0

 Member(s) employed, total ............................................................................ 10,358 10,609 76.1 75.6

 Householder only ........................................................................................ 6,021 6,052 44.2 43.1

 Householder and other member(s) ............................................................. 2,701 2,830 19.8 20.2

 Other member(s), not householder ............................................................. 1,636 1,727 12.0 12.3

 No member(s) employed ................................................................................ 3,255 3,426 23.9 24.4

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN 1

 Total ......................................................................................................... 5,071 5,242 100.0 100.0

 Member(s) employed, total ............................................................................ 4,299 4,430 84.8 84.5

 Householder only ........................................................................................ 2,060 2,093 40.6 39.9

 Householder and other member(s) ............................................................. 1,557 1,639 30.7 31.3

 Other member(s), not householder ............................................................. 682 698 13.5 13.3

 No member(s) employed ................................................................................ 772 812 15.2 15.5

1 No spouse present.

 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2005

reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population

Survey.
Table 3. Unemployment in families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type,

 2004-05 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2004 2005 2004 2005

MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES

 With unemployed member(s), total ................................................................... 3,521 3,243 100.0 100.0

 No member employed ...................................................................................... 615 580 17.5 17.9

 Some member(s) employed ............................................................................. 2,906 2,664 82.5 82.1

 Husband unemployed .................................................................................... 1,333 1,190 37.9 36.7

 Wife employed ............................................................................................. 850 753 24.2 23.2

 Wife unemployed ........................................................................................... 1,041 1,004 29.6 31.0

 Husband employed ...................................................................................... 913 873 25.9 26.9

 Other family member unemployed ................................................................. 1,147 1,049 32.6 32.4

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN 1

 With unemployed member(s), total .................................................................. 1,521 1,539 100.0 100.0

 No member employed .................................................................................... 829 797 54.5 51.8

 Some member(s) employed ........................................................................... 692 743 45.5 48.2

 Householder unemployed ............................................................................. 758 746 49.8 48.5

 Other member(s) employed ......................................................................... 146 161 9.6 10.5

 Other member(s) unemployed ....................................................................... 764 793 50.2 51.5

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN 1

 With unemployed member(s), total .................................................................. 551 536 100.0 100.0

 No member employed .................................................................................... 234 225 42.5 42.1

 Some member(s) employed ........................................................................... 316 310 57.5 57.9

 Householder unemployed ............................................................................. 296 301 53.7 56.1

 Other member(s) employed ......................................................................... 117 122 21.3 22.8

 Other member(s) unemployed ....................................................................... 255 235 46.3 43.9

1 No spouse present.

 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2005

reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population

Survey.
Table 4. Families with own children: Employment status of parents by age of youngest child and family type,

 2004-05 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2004 2005 2004 2005

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

 Total ................................................................................................................. 35,379 35,402 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed ............................................................................................ 32,013 31,917 90.5 90.2

No parent employed ........................................................................................... 3,366 3,485 9.5 9.8

Married-couple families ...................................................................................... 25,175 24,942 100.0 100.0

 Parent(s) employed ........................................................................................... 24,424 24,218 97.0 97.1

 Mother employed ............................................................................................. 16,557 16,501 65.8 66.2

 Both parents employed ................................................................................... 15,257 15,298 60.6 61.3

 Mother employed, not father ........................................................................... 1,300 1,203 5.2 4.8

 Father employed, not mother ........................................................................... 7,867 7,716 31.2 30.9

 Neither parent employed ................................................................................... 751 724 3.0 2.9

Families maintained by women 1 ....................................................................... 8,161 8,347 100.0 100.0

 Mother employed ............................................................................................. 5,875 5,943 72.0 71.2

 Mother not employed ....................................................................................... 2,286 2,404 28.0 28.8

Families maintained by men 1 ............................................................................ 2,043 2,113 100.0 100.0

 Father employed .............................................................................................. 1,713 1,756 83.9 83.1

 Father not employed ........................................................................................ 330 357 16.1 16.9

WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER

 Total ................................................................................................................. 20,095 20,202 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed ............................................................................................ 18,307 18,319 91.1 90.7

No parent employed ........................................................................................... 1,788 1,882 8.9 9.3

Married-couple families ...................................................................................... 13,806 13,781 100.0 100.0

 Parent(s) employed ........................................................................................... 13,381 13,350 96.9 96.9

 Mother employed ............................................................................................. 10,089 9,990 73.1 72.5

 Both parents employed ................................................................................... 9,269 9,210 67.1 66.8

 Mother employed, not father ........................................................................... 820 780 5.9 5.7

 Father employed, not mother ........................................................................... 3,292 3,360 23.8 24.4

 Neither parent employed ................................................................................... 425 431 3.1 3.1

Families maintained by women 1 ....................................................................... 5,040 5,147 100.0 100.0

 Mother employed ............................................................................................. 3,884 3,913 77.1 76.0

 Mother not employed ....................................................................................... 1,156 1,233 22.9 24.0

Families maintained by men 1 ............................................................................ 1,250 1,274 100.0 100.0

 Father employed .............................................................................................. 1,043 1,056 83.4 82.9

 Father not employed ........................................................................................ 207 218 16.6 17.1

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS

 Total ................................................................................................................. 15,284 15,200 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed ............................................................................................ 13,705 13,598 89.7 89.5

No parent employed ........................................................................................... 1,578 1,602 10.3 10.5

Married-couple families ...................................................................................... 11,369 11,161 100.0 100.0

 Parent(s) employed ........................................................................................... 11,044 10,868 97.1 97.4

 Mother employed ............................................................................................. 6,468 6,511 56.9 58.3

 Both parents employed ................................................................................... 5,988 6,089 52.7 54.6

 Mother employed, not father ........................................................................... 481 422 4.2 3.8

 Father employed, not mother ........................................................................... 4,575 4,357 40.2 39.0

 Neither parent employed ................................................................................... 326 293 2.9 2.6

Families maintained by women 1 ....................................................................... 3,122 3,200 100.0 100.0

 Mother employed ............................................................................................. 1,991 2,030 63.8 63.4

 Mother not employed ....................................................................................... 1,131 1,170 36.2 36.6

Families maintained by men 1 ............................................................................ 793 839 100.0 100.0

 Father employed .............................................................................................. 671 700 84.6 83.5

 Father not employed ........................................................................................ 122 139 15.4 16.5

1 No spouse present.

 NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and

adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren,

and other related and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals

due to rounding. Data for 2005 reflect revised population controls

used in the Current Population Survey.
Table 5. Employment status of the population by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children under 18, 

 2004-05 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

2004 2005

Total Men Women Total Men Women

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population ....................................... 64,758 28,272 36,486 64,482 28,065 36,417

 Civilian labor force .............................................................. 52,288 26,607 25,681 52,056 26,399 25,657

 Participation rate ........................................................... 80.7 94.1 70.4 80.7 94.1 70.5

 Employed .......................................................................... 49,957 25,696 24,261 49,882 25,587 24,294

 Employment-population ratio ........................................ 77.1 90.9 66.5 77.4 91.2 66.7

 Full-time workers 1 ......................................................... 42,758 24,794 17,964 42,852 24,713 18,139

 Part-time workers 2 ......................................................... 7,200 902 6,298 7,029 875 6,155

 Unemployed ..................................................................... 2,331 911 1,420 2,174 811 1,363

 Unemployment rate ...................................................... 4.5 3.4 5.5 4.2 3.1 5.3

Married, spouse present

Civilian noninstitutional population ....................................... 52,109 25,852 26,258 51,519 25,578 25,942

 Civilian labor force .............................................................. 42,247 24,449 17,798 41,905 24,215 17,690

 Participation rate ........................................................... 81.1 94.6 67.8 81.3 94.7 68.2

 Employed .......................................................................... 40,847 23,703 17,144 40,614 23,556 17,058

 Employment-population ratio ........................................ 78.4 91.7 65.3 78.8 92.1 65.8

 Full-time workers 1 ......................................................... 35,141 22,935 12,206 35,086 22,808 12,278

 Part-time workers 2 ......................................................... 5,706 768 4,938 5,528 748 4,780

 Unemployed ..................................................................... 1,400 747 653 1,291 659 632

 Unemployment rate ...................................................... 3.3 3.1 3.7 3.1 2.7 3.6

Other marital status 3

Civilian noninstitutional population ....................................... 12,649 2,420 10,229 12,963 2,487 10,475

 Civilian labor force .............................................................. 10,042 2,158 7,883 10,151 2,184 7,967

 Participation rate ........................................................... 79.4 89.2 77.1 78.3 87.8 76.1

 Employed .......................................................................... 9,110 1,993 7,117 9,268 2,032 7,236

 Employment-population ratio ........................................ 72.0 82.4 69.6 71.5 81.7 69.1

 Full-time workers 1 ......................................................... 7,617 1,859 5,757 7,766 1,905 5,861

 Part-time workers 2 ......................................................... 1,494 134 1,360 1,502 127 1,375

 Unemployed ..................................................................... 931 165 766 883 152 731

 Unemployment rate ...................................................... 9.3 7.6 9.7 8.7 7.0 9.2

WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER

Civilian noninstitutional population ....................................... 35,874 15,597 20,277 35,937 15,590 20,348

 Civilian labor force .............................................................. 30,182 14,516 15,666 30,068 14,496 15,572

 Participation rate ........................................................... 84.1 93.1 77.3 83.7 93.0 76.5

 Employed .......................................................................... 29,013 14,056 14,957 28,953 14,066 14,887

 Employment-population ratio ........................................ 80.9 90.1 73.8 80.6 90.2 73.2

 Full-time workers 1 ......................................................... 25,069 13,597 11,473 25,074 13,606 11,468

 Part-time workers 2 ......................................................... 3,944 459 3,485 3,880 460 3,419

 Unemployed ..................................................................... 1,170 460 709 1,115 430 684

 Unemployment rate ...................................................... 3.9 3.2 4.5 3.7 3.0 4.4

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population ....................................... 28,884 12,675 16,210 28,545 12,475 16,070

 Civilian labor force .............................................................. 22,106 12,091 10,014 21,988 11,903 10,085

 Participation rate ........................................................... 76.5 95.4 61.8 77.0 95.4 62.8

 Employed .......................................................................... 20,944 11,640 9,304 20,928 11,521 9,407

 Employment-population ratio ........................................ 72.5 91.8 57.4 73.3 92.4 58.5

 Full-time workers 1 ......................................................... 17,689 11,197 6,491 17,778 11,107 6,671

 Part-time workers 2 ......................................................... 3,256 443 2,813 3,150 414 2,736

 Unemployed ..................................................................... 1,162 451 710 1,060 381 678

 Unemployment rate ...................................................... 5.3 3.7 7.1 4.8 3.2 6.7

WITH NO OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population ....................................... 156,900 77,739 79,160 159,751 79,237 80,514

 Civilian labor force .............................................................. 93,511 50,771 42,740 95,545 51,914 43,631

 Participation rate ........................................................... 59.6 65.3 54.0 59.8 65.5 54.2

 Employed .......................................................................... 87,748 47,282 40,467 90,171 48,709 41,462

 Employment-population ratio ........................................ 55.9 60.8 51.1 56.4 61.5 51.5

 Full-time workers 1 ......................................................... 70,244 40,134 30,110 72,515 41,496 31,019

 Part-time workers 2 ......................................................... 17,505 7,148 10,357 17,657 7,213 10,444

 Unemployed ..................................................................... 5,763 3,489 2,274 5,374 3,205 2,169

 Unemployment rate ...................................................... 6.2 6.9 5.3 5.6 6.2 5.0

1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.

 NOTE: See NOTE, table 4.
Table 6. Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest child and marital status, 

 2004-05 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

 Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population

Full-time

workers 1

Part-time

workers 2 Number Percent oflabor force

2004

TOTAL MOTHERS

With own children under 3 years old ................................ 9,345 5,377 57.5 4,964 53.1 3,360 1,604 414 7.7

 2 years ........................................................................... 2,813 1,746 62.1 1,630 57.9 1,152 477 116 6.6

 1 year ............................................................................. 3,273 1,906 58.2 1,759 53.7 1,172 587 147 7.7

 Under 1 year ................................................................... 3,259 1,725 52.9 1,575 48.3 1,035 540 151 8.7

Married, spouse present

With own children under 3 years old ................................ 7,071 3,910 55.3 3,740 52.9 2,513 1,227 170 4.4

 2 years ........................................................................... 2,111 1,246 59.0 1,200 56.8 839 361 46 3.7

 1 year ............................................................................. 2,519 1,401 55.6 1,337 53.1 877 459 65 4.6

 Under 1 year ................................................................... 2,441 1,262 51.7 1,203 49.3 797 406 59 4.7

Other marital status 3

With own children under 3 years old ................................ 2,274 1,467 64.5 1,224 53.8 847 377 243 16.6

 2 years ........................................................................... 702 499 71.1 430 61.2 314 116 70 13.9

 1 year ............................................................................. 754 505 66.9 422 56.0 295 127 82 16.3

 Under 1 year ................................................................... 818 463 56.6 372 45.4 238 134 91 19.7

2005

TOTAL MOTHERS

With own children under 3 years old ................................ 9,365 5,470 58.4 5,077 54.2 3,501 1,576 393 7.2

 2 years ........................................................................... 2,845 1,773 62.3 1,654 58.1 1,162 492 119 6.7

 1 year ............................................................................. 3,287 1,958 59.6 1,823 55.5 1,247 576 135 6.9

 Under 1 year ................................................................... 3,233 1,740 53.8 1,600 49.5 1,092 508 140 8.0

Married, spouse present

With own children under 3 years old ................................ 6,951 3,939 56.7 3,776 54.3 2,588 1,188 164 4.2

 2 years ........................................................................... 2,118 1,268 59.9 1,214 57.3 840 374 55 4.3

 1 year ............................................................................. 2,435 1,389 57.0 1,337 54.9 901 436 52 3.7

 Under 1 year ................................................................... 2,398 1,282 53.5 1,225 51.1 847 378 58 4.5

Other marital status 3

With own children under 3 years old ................................ 2,414 1,531 63.4 1,301 53.9 913 388 230 15.0

 2 years ........................................................................... 726 504 69.5 440 60.6 322 118 64 12.7

 1 year ............................................................................. 852 569 66.8 486 57.0 346 139 83 14.6

 Under 1 year ................................................................... 836 457 54.7 375 44.9 245 130 82 18.0

1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.

 NOTE: See NOTE, table 4.