Table 8. BENEFITS (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for benefits only, civilian, state and local, and
private industry workers, by industry and occupational group

indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for

Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994

June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994 | June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994

Civilian workers .... 126.2 130.1 131.0 1.0 1.6 07 55 41 3.8
State and local government workers ... 124.5 127.9 128.5 2 7 5 44 3.0 3.2
Private industry workers. 126.7 130.7 131.7 1.2 19 8 5.8 44 3.9

Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations 125.9 130.5 131.6 1.0 23 8 5.4 47 45
Blue-collar occupations .. 127.3 130.5 131.5, 14 1.2 8 63 4.0 3.3
Service occupations ... 129.3 132.9 133.1 1.3 V1 2 63 41 29

Workers, by industry division

Goods-producing industries 1 129.0 132.7 133.9 13 18 9 7.0 42 as:)
Service-producing industries 2 .. 124.6 128.9 129.7 1.0 17 6 49 45 44
Manufacturing .. 128.6 132.0 133.0 14 1.5 8 7A 44 34
Nonmanufacturing 125.5 129.9 130.8 10 2.0 7 5.1 46 42
Workers, by bargaining status
Union workers ... 128.5 131.9 132.9 15 1.0 8 7A 42 3.4
Nonunion workers 125.9 130.1 131.4 1.0 21 8 5.4 44 41
1 includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.


Table 1. SEASONALLY ADJUSTED: Employment Cost Index for total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefit costs, by
industry and occupational group — Continued

indexes (June
"= Percent changes for 3-months ended
Series 1989=100)
Mar. 1994 | June 1994 | Sep. 1992 | Dec. 1992 | Mar. 1993 | June 1993 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
BENEFIT COSTS
Civilian workers... 129.7 131.0 15 1.3. 13 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0
State and local government 127.7 129.3 15 Wt 6 1.0 A 8 7 1.3
Private industry workers 130.2 131.4 15 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.0 An! 9 9
White-collar occupations 130.1 131.4 15 1.2 1.5 11 9 1.0 1.6 1.0
Blue-collar occupations 130.0 131.2 13 1.6 17 1.5 1.0 11 2 9
Service occupations ... 132.6 132.9 18 Ww 18 13 11 1 5 2
Goods-producing industries 1 132.0 133.6 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.0 1.0 5 1.2
Manufacturing 131.2 132.7 14 1.8 19 1.8 Ww 11 a Wt
Service-producing industries 2 128.6 129.6 14 11 1.2 11 1.0 1.2 11 8
Nonmanufacturing industries ....} 129.6 130.6 15 1.2 Ww 11 1.0 11 1.3 8

1 Includes mining, construction, and manut

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilties; wholesale and retail

j; finance, Insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
No identifiable seasonality was found for this series.


Table 5. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only; civilian
and state and local government workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994 | June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
Civilian workers... 115.2 117.8 118.6 0.6 0.6 07 28 29 3.0
Excluding sales 115.5 118.0 118.8 6 7 7 29 28 29
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations 116.0 118.8 119.7 5 6 8 28 29 3.2
i 116.8 119.5 120.2 5 7 6 3.2 28 2.9
118.0 120.7 121.3 4 6 5 34 27 28
managerial ......... 115.5 118.1 119.0 4: 7 8 29 27 3.0
Administrative support, including
clerical .... 116.1 118.9 119.8 7 8 8 3.2 3.1 3.2
Biue-collar occupations . 113.4 115.8 116.7 6 7 8 25 28 29
Service occupations ... 115.2 117.5 118.1 & 8 5 25 26 25
Workers, by industry division
Goods-producing 1 114.6 117.0 118.0 7 7 9 29 28 3.0
Manufacturing .... 115.5 118.0 119.0 7 6 8 29 29 3.0
Service- -producing 2 115.5, 118.2 118.9 6 6 6 28 3.0 29
Services .. 117.8 120.9 121.3 3 8 3 3.1 3.0 3.0
Health services 120.3 122.8 123.4 7 5 5 35 28 26
Hospitals .... 119.5 122.4 123.0 5 6 5 3.3 29 2.9
Educational services 118.0 121.0 121.3 a 2 2 34 2.6 28
Public administration 114.9 117.9 118.5 4 Ww 5 2.2 3.4 341
Nonmanufacturing .......... 115.1 117.7 118.5 & 6 7 28 29 3.0
State and local goverment workers ..........] 117.4 120.4 120.7 2 6 2 28 27 28
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations .... 117.6 120.6 120.9 1 6 2 29 26 28
Professional specialty and technical 118.2 121.1 121.3 1 3 2 3.0 25 26
Executive, administrative, and
managerial .. 116.6 119.8 120.3 A 8 4 27 28 3.2
Administrative support, including
115.9 118.9 119.4 4 9 4 27 3.0 3.0
116.5, 119.7 120.1 3 6 3 25 3.0 34
17.1 119.7 120.4 7 7 6 3.0 29 28
Services .... 118.2 121.1 121.3 a 4 2 3.4 25 26
Excluding schools 3 118.7 121.3 121.9 3 7 5 3.0 24 27
Health services .. 118.8 121.9 122.9 & 7 8 27 3.2 35
Hospitals ... 118.2 121.2 122.0 5 4 7 26 3.41 3.2
Educational services 118.1 120.9 121.4 A 2 2 34 25 25
SCHOOIS «...ssecsssveeseen 118.0 121.0 121.2 A 2 2 3.0 26 27
Elementary and secondary 118.8 121.7 121.8 A A a 3.0 25 25
Colleges and universities 115.6 118.6 119.2 A 8 5 29 27 34
Public administration ...... 114.9 117.9 118.5 4 Ww 5 22 34 3.4

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

finance, insurance, and real estate; service industries; and public administration.

trage;
ag Formerly called hospitals and other services.


Table 3. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry
workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994 | June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
Private industry workers... 118.0 121.0 122.0 0.8 1.0 08 3.6 3.3 3.4
Excluding sales 118.5 121.4 122.3 9 1.0 7 3.9 3.3 3.2
118.3 121.5 122.5 8 11 8 3.6 35 3.6
119.2 122.4 123.3 8 1.2 7 4.0 35 3.4
121.3 124.6 125.3 7 1.4 6 42 3.5 “3.3
117.2 120.3 121.3 6 1.2 8 3.6 3.3 35
113.8 117.2 118:8 8 6 14 1.4 3.8 44
119.2 122.5 123.5 9 Wo 8 42 37 3.6
Blue-collar occupations ... 117.7 120.3 121.2 9 8 7 3.8 3.2 3.0
Precision production, craft, and repair 117.6 120.2 121.2 a) Wt 8& 40 3.4 34
Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors .... 119.0 121.3 122.2 1.0 A 7 3.8 3.0 27
‘Transportation and material movi 115.2 118.5 119.1 11 13 5 3.4 4.0 3.4
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers ..... 117.6 120.2 121.4 7 9 1.0 3.7 29 32
Service occupations ........ 118.0 120.6 121.0 a a 3 33 29 25
Production and nonsupervisory .
occupations 1 .. 117.9 120.7 121.6 9 8 7 3.6 3.3 3.1
‘Goods-producing industries 2 ... 119.1 121.8 123.0 9 1.0 1.0 42 3.2 3.3
Excluding sales occupations .. 118.8 121.4 122.5 8 Ww 9 41 3.1 3.1
White-collar occupations 119.6 123.0 124.3 8 1.6 Ww 45 3.7 3.9
Excluding sales 119.0 121.9 123.2 8 17 11 45 3.2 35
Blue-collar occupations 118.7 121.1 122.2 9 7 a 4.0 3.0 29
Service occupations ... 120.6 123.5 123.8 5 9 2 44 29 27
Construction .. 116.0 118.6 120.2 1.0 18 13 3.8 3.2 3.6
Manufacturing .... 119.7 122.5 123.5 “9 1.0 8 44 3.3 3.2
White-collar occupations 119.7 122.7 123.9 8 1.2 1.0 45 3.4 3.5
Excluding sales ....... 118.8 121.3 122.5 7 1.2 1.0 44 28 3.1
Blue-collar occupations 119.6 122.3 123.2 a) 8 7 42 3.2 3.0
Service occupations 120.7 123.8 124.1 3 9 2 46 29 28
120.0 122.9 123.8 8 8 a 45 3.3 3.2
119.0 121.7 122.8 a 1.2 2 3.7 3.2 3.2
Service-producing industries 3 117.3 120.4 121.2 8 a 7 3.3 3.4 3.3
Excluding sales occupations 118.3 121.4 122.1 9 1.0 6 3.8 35 3.2
White-collar occupations 117.8 121.0 121.9 8 1.0 7 3.2 3.5 35
Excluding sales ..... 119.3 122.7 123.4 +8 Ww 6 3.8 3.6 3.4
Blue-collar occupations .. 115.5 118.4 119.1 1.0 1.0 & 35 3.6 34
Service occupations 117.7 120.2 120.7 8 a 4 3.2 29 25
Transportation and public utilities 116.0 119.2 119.8 1.0 14 5 37 3.8 3.3
Transportation 14.1 117.1 117.7 1.2 1.2 5 3.3 3.8 3.2
ili 118.3 121.7 122.6 8 15 7 4.0 37 3.6
117.5 121.0 122.1 a 15 9 43 3.9 3.9
Electric, gas, and sanitary services ....| 119.4 122.7 123.2 7 1.6 A 3.8 3.5 3.2
‘Wholesale and retail trade .... 115.9 117.6 119.4 1.0 4 15 3.0 25 3.0
Excluding sales occupations .. 116.2 118.6 119.8 a7 5 1.0 34 2.8 3.1

‘See footnotes at end of table.


Table 2. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, ci

local government workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
June'1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994 | June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
Civilian workers... 118.3 121.3 122.1 0.7 0.9 07 3.6 3.2 3.2
Excluding sales 118.7 121.6 122.4 7 9 7 3.8 34 34
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations 118.6 121.8 122.6 6 1.0 7 35 3.3 34
Excluding sales 119.3 122.4 123.2 6 1.0 7 3.8 3.2 3.3
Professional sper 120.6 123.7 124.2 A 1.0 4 3.8 3.0 3.0
Executive, administrative, and
managerial .. 117.5 120.6 121.6 5 1.0 8 3.6 3.2 35
Administrative support, including
clerical ........ 119.3 122.6 123.5 8 V1 7 44 3.6 35
Blue-collar occupations 117.8 120.4 121.3 9 8 a 3.8 3.2 3.0
Service occupations 118.7 121.6 122.1 7 2 A 3.5 3.4 2.9
Workers, by industry division
Goods-producing 1 . 119.1 121.9 123.0 9 11 9 42 3.3 3.3
Manufacturing 119.7 122.5 123.5 a 1.0 8 44 3.3 3.2
Service-producing 2 .... 118.0 121.0 121.7 7 8 6 3.3 3.2 34
Services ...... 120.6 123.8 124.2 4 7 3 3.7 3.1 3.0
Health services 123.2 126.1 126.6 7 6 4 44 31 28
Hospitals 122.6 125.9 126.4 5 7 4 3.8 3.2 3.1
Educational 120.2 123.2 123.6 A 2 3 3.5 26 28
Public administration 118.0 121.5 122.2 3 13 & 3.0 3.3 3.6
Nonmanufacturing ... 117.9 120.9 121.7 7 9 7 3.3 3.2 3.2
State and local government workers ... 119.6 122.6 123.1 3 & 4 3.4 28 29
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations .... .| 119.6 122.6 122.9 A 6 2 3.3 2.6 28
Professional specialty and technical ...} 119.7 122.5 122.7 A 4 2 3.2. 24 25
Executive, administrative, and
managerial ...... 119.2 122.8 123.4 2 1.0 5 35 3.2 35
Administrative support, including
clerical 119.6 122.7 123.3 3 9 5 3.4 29 3.4
Blue-collar occupations .. 118.7 122.3 122.7 3 7 3 29 3.4 3.4
Service occupations .... 119.7 123.1 123.9 5 8 6 3.5 3.4 35
Workers, by industry division
Services .... 120.2 123.1 123.4 2 4 2 3.4 2.6 27
Excluding schools 3 | 120.0 122.8 123.3 3 7 4 3.8 27 28
Health services .. | 120.7 124.2 125.2 A 9 8 3.3 3.3 37
| 120.4 123.7 124.5 3 3 6 3.2 34 3.4
120.1 122.9 123.1 a 2 2 3.4 24 25
120.3 123.2 123.4 a 2 2 34 25 26
120.8 123.7 123.8 A A A 3.2 25 25
Colleges and universities .. 118.5 121.5 122.0 a 7 4 3.9 26 3.0
Public administration ...... 118.0 121.5 122.2 3 1.3 6 3.0 3.3 3.6

1 includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

2 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

; finance, insurance, and real estate; service industries; and public administration,
Formerly called hospitals and other services.


Table 4. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry
workers, by bargaining status, region, and area size

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994 | June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
Workers, by bargaining status
UNION .....sseeees nssnene 119.1 121.9 123.0 11 08 0.9 45 35 3.3
Blue-collar occupations 118.7 121.2 122.4 Ww 5 1.0 43 3.2 34
Goods-producing industries 1 120.0 122.5 123.8 11 5 WW 47 3.2 3.2
Service-producing industries 2 117.7 121.0 121.8 a 1.2 7 40 3.7 35
Manufacturing .. 121.1 123.6 124.8 11 5 1.0 5.1 3.2 34
Blue-collar occupations 121.0 123.5 124.6 1.2 5 9 51 3.3 3.0
Nonmanufacturing .. 117.4 120.5 121.5 9 1.0 8 3.8 3.6 35
117.7 120.7 121.7 8 1.0 8 3.4 3.3 3.4
Blue-collar occupations 116.9 119.6 120.4 a 1.2 7 35 3.2 3.0
Goods-producing industries 1 118.6 121.5 122.6 8 1.3 9 3.9 32 3.4
‘Service-producing industries 117.2 120.3 121.1 8 9 7 3.1 3.4 3.3
119.0 122.0 122.9 8 1.2 7 3.9 3.3 3.3
118.4 121.2 121.9 8 11 6 3.3 34 3.0
117.2 120.2 121.1 8 1.0 7 3.3 3.4 3.3
119.1 121.6 122.8 At 7 1.0 4.0 3.2 3.1
117.0 120.0 120.8 7 1.0 7 3.3 3.3 3.2
119.3 122.8 123.6 1.2 13 7 41 42 3.6
116.4 119.4 120.5 2 Ww 9 34 28 35
118.1 120.9 121.9 9 9 8 37 3.2 3.2
117.8 121.3 122.5 7 1.3 1.0 3.6 3.7 4.0
1 includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest—llinois, Indiana,
2 includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail lowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South
finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries. Dakota, ‘and Wisconsin; and West—Alaska, Arizona, Califomia, Colorado, Hawaii,

The regional coverage is as. follows: Northeas!—Connecticut, Maine, idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
and Vermont; South—Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, © NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South aggregate, occupation, and industry series.


, United States
Department & .
of Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212

Technical, historical contact: USDL: 94-361
Wayne Shelly (202) 606-6199
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN
Media contact: THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
Kathryn Hoyle (202) 606-5902 8:30 A.M. (EDT), TUESDAY, JULY 26, 1994

EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX - JUNE 1994

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) increased 0.7 percent before seasonal adjustment in the 3
months ended in June 1994, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.
The June 1994 ECI level of 122.1 (June 1989=100) was 3.2 percent higher than the index in June 1993.
The ECI measures changes in compensation costs, including wages, salaries, and employer costs for
employee benefits.

Quarterly changes, seasonally adjusted

On a seasonally adjusted basis, the ECI rose 0.9 percent in the March-June 1994 quarter,
compared with a 0.7 percent gain in the December 1993-March 1994 quarter. The quarterly increase in
wages and salaries was 0.8 percent, about the same as in the previous quarter. Benefit costs rose 1.0
percent, also about the same as in the previous quarter. (See table A.)

Table A. Percent changes in ECI for civilian workers

: Seasonally adjusted Unadjusted
Compensation _3-months ended 12-months
component 1992 1993 1994 ended

Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar. June | June 1994
Compensation costs........ 08 10 09 09 O8 08 07 09 3.2
Wages and salaries...... 04 08 08 07 O8 07 07° 08 | 3.0
Benefit costs... 15) 13 13° 13 09 10 09 1.0 3.8

For private industry workers, wage and salary increases accelerated (0.9 percent, up from 0.5
percent), while benefit cost gains remained at 0.9 percent, Both the wage and salary and benefit cost
increases were, however, in line with the gains in most recent quarters.

For state and local government workers, wage and salary gains in March-June 1994 were the same as
in December 1993-March 1994 (0.8 percent). Benefit cost increases accelerated to 1.3 percent, up from
0.7 percent. .


12

Table 6. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private
industry workers, by industry and occupational group — Continued

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994

dune 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994 | June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
Wholesale trade .. 115.1 116.2 118.3 Ww 0.2 1.8 23 2.0 28
Excluding sales occupations 115.5 117.8 118.8 7 3 8&8 25 27 29
Retail trade ..... enees 113.8 115.2 117.0 Ww 2 16 29 23 28
General merchandise stores .. 113.4 114.0 116.4 BS) +9 24 15 1.4 26
Food stores ... 115.4 117.0 117.8 7 a 7 28 24 24
Finance, insurance, and real estate .. 109.3 113.7 113.2 0 7 74 1.0 4.0 3.6
Excluding sales occupations ..... 113.1 115.5 116.0 1.0 8 4 29 34 2.6

Banking, savings and loan, and other

credit agencies 112.9 114.7 115.0 7: 2 3 48 23 1.9
Insurance oon 112.9 116.0 116.8 15 +5 7 2 43 35
Excluding sales occupations .. 117.6 120.6 121.4 1.6 1.2 7 37 41 3.2
Services ..... .| 117.6 120.8 121.3 5 1.0 A 3.2 3.2 3.41
Business service: .| 114.6 118.8 119.4 A 27 5 26 4.0 42
Health services - | 120.7 123.1 123.5 8 4 3 3.8 28 23
Hospitals ... .| 119.9 122.8 123.3 5 7 4 3.5 29 28
Nursing homes - - - 8 14 8 3.8 40 3.9
Educational services .. 117.4 121.2 122.2 A 2 8 3.3 34 41
Colleges and universities 117.7 122.0 122.2 +3 3 2 28 34 3.8
Nonmanufacturing industrie: 114.2 116.8 117.7 7 7 8 26 3.0 3.1
White-collar occupations 115.2 117.9 118.9 7 6 8 28 34 3.2
Excluding sales . 116.6 119.4 120.2 7 8 7 3.2 34 3.1
Blue-collar occupations 111.9 114.2 115.1 7 7 8 26 28 29
Service occupations .... 114.1 116.3 116.7 6 1.0 3 24 26 23

1 This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly 3 includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

Eamings index, which was discontinued in January 1989. trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. ~ Data not available.


: Tabie 6. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT.SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private
industry workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994 | June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
Private industry workers... 114.6 117.2 118.1 06 0.7 08 27 29 34
Excluding sales 115.0 117.5 118.3 7 8 7 29 29 29
White-collar occupations 115.5 118.3 119.3 7 7 8 28 34 3.3
Excluding sales ..... 116.4 119.0 119.9 6 7 8&8 3.2 29 3.0
Professional specialty and technical 117.9 120.4 121.3 7 8 7 3.4 28 29
115.3 1178 | 1188 5 7 8 29 27 3.0
111.6 114.8 116.2 1.0 a 1.2 1.4 3.9 41
116.1 119.0 119.9 8 8 8 3.3 3.3 3.3
Blue-collar Occupations .............0000 113.2 115.6 116.5 6 7 8 25 28 29
Precision production, craft, and repai 113.2 115.5 116.5 7 7 a 28 28 29
Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors ..... we} 113.8 116.2 117.2 5 5 9 2.0 27 3.0
‘Transportation and material moving 111.2 113.5 114.0 41 8 4 27 3.2 25
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers ...... 114.3 116.6 117.3 6 8 & 27 26 26
Service occupations ..... 114.1 116.3 116.8 5 39 4 22 25 24
Production and nonsupervisory
occupations 1... 114.2 116.6 N75 7 6 8 26 28 29
Goods-producing industries 2 114.5 116.9 118.0 6 7 a 28 27 3.1
Excluding sales occupations 114.2 116.4 117.4 6 7 a 27 26 28
White-collar occupations 116.4 119.1 120.3 a) 8 1.0 35 3.2 3.4
Excluding sales .. 115.6 117.7 118.8 6 8 9 3.2 24 28
Blue-collar occupations .. 113.4 115.6 116.6 5 a) a 24 25 28
Service occupations... 114.4 116.4 117.7 4 74 11 3.1 22 29
110.4 112.2 113.6 8 1.0 1.2 23 25 29
115.5, 118.0 119.0 7 6 8 29 29 3.0
White-collar occupations 116.9 119.5 120.6 8 & 9 35 3.0 3.2
Excluding sales ... 115.9 118.0 119.1 5 7 9 3.3 23 28
* 114.5 116.9 117.8 5 6 8 25 26 29
114.5 116.8 118.2 2 4 1.2 3.2 22 3.2
115.1 117.8 118.7 6 5 8 3.0 3.0 34
116.3 118.3 119.5 7 7 1.0 34 24 28
‘Service-producing industries 3 .. 114.7 117.3 118.2 7 6 8 27 3.0 3.1
Excluding sales occupations 115.6 118.3 119.0 7 8 6 3.0 3.0 2.9
White-collar occupations 115.2 118.0 118.9 6 6 8 27 34 3.2
Excluding sales .. 116.8 119.6 120.4 7 8 7 3.3 34 3.41
Blue-coltar occupations ..... 112.9 115.5 116.2 a 8 6 29 3.2 29
Service occupations 114.1 116.3 116.7 5 1.0 3 24 25 23
‘Transportation and public utilities 144.0 116.4 17.2 1.0 a 7 3.1 34 28
112.0 114.2 114.8 a 7 5 2.6 3.1 25
116.4 119.1 120.1 9 1.0 8 3.6 3.2 3.2
115.6 118.4 119.5 8 V1 e) 3.5 32 3.4
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .. 117.4 119.9 120.9 a 9 8 3.6 3.1 3.0
Wholesale and retail trade .... 114.2 115.5 117.4 Wd A 1.6 27 22 28
Excluding sales occupations .. 114.4 116.5, 1178 7 3 Ww 27 26 3.0

‘See footnotes at end of table.


Table 3. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry
workers, by industry and occupational group — Continued

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994 | June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
Wholesale trade ..... 116.4 117.9 119.7 1.0 01 15 26 23 28
Excluding sales occups 116.8 119.3 120.3 7 5 8 29 28 3.0
Retail trade .... 115.6 117.5 119.2 1.0 6 14 34 26 3.1
General merchandise stores 114.7 115.3 118.0 5 +9 23 1.6 11 29
Food stores .. 117.2 119.6 120.6 WW Ww 8 3.2 3.2 29
Finance, insurance, and real estate 113.1 117.7 117.7 4 Ww 0 24 45 4t
Excluding sales occupations 116.4 119.7 120.3 1.3 1.3 5 37 42 34
Banking, savings and loan, and

116.0 118.7 119.4 1.2- 8 6 5.5 3.6 29
116.1 119.9 120.5 1.6 2 5 1.2 49 3.8
Excluding sales occupations 120.6 124.4 125.0 17 14 5 42 49 3.6
Services .... 120.9 124.4 124.9 7 14 4 3.9 3.6 3.3
Business services 117.4 121.3 122.4 8 23 ° 7 3.3 41 40
Health services .. 124.0 126.7 127.1 8 6 3 43 3.0 25
Hospitals .. 123.4 126.7 127.1 6 9 3 41 3.3 3.0
Nursing homes - - - 9 1.2 8 41 3.9 3.9
Educational services 120.6 124.5 125.4 a 3 7 37 3.3 40
Colleges and universities 121.5 125.7 126.0 0 3 2 35 35 37
Nonmanufacturing industries .. 117.2 120.3 121.2 8 11 7 3.3 3.4 34
White-collar occupations 117.9 121.1 122.1 8 1.0 8 3.3 35 3.6
Excluding sales 119.4 122.8 123.6 (8 1.2 7 3.9 3.6 3.5
Blue-collar occupations .. 115.6 118.2 119.1 9 a 8 34 3.1 3.0
Service occupations ... 117.7 120.2 120.7 8 9 4 3.2 29 25

1 This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly 3 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

Earpings Index, which was discontinued in January 1989. trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. ~ Data not available.


Table 1. SEASONALLY ADJUSTED: Employment Cost Index for total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefit costs, by
industry and occupational group

Indexes (June
Percent changes for 3-months ended
Series 1989=100)
Mar. 1994 | June 1994 | Sep. 1992 | Dec. 1992 | Mar. 1993 | June 1993 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
COMPENSATION
Civilian workers .. 121.0 122.1 0.8 1.0 09 09 0.8 08 07 09
‘State and local government ........ 122.6 123.7 8 9 7 8 5 7 8 a
Private industry workers .. 120.7 121.8 8 3 1.0 9 8 8 7 9
White-collar occupations. 121.4 122.5 8 1.0 1.0 9 9 8 8 a
Blue-collar occupations 120.2 121.1 el) 9 1.0 9 a] 8 5 7
Service occupations .. 120.6 121.0 1.0 & 1.0 8 6 7 8 3
Goods-producing industries 1 121.5 122.7 1.0 1.0 1.2 9 8 8 7 1.0
Construction 118.7 120.1 1.2 1.0 a 8 6 a 17 1.2
Manufacturing ... 122.1 123.3 9 1.0 1.2 Ww & 9 3 1.0
Durables .. 122.5 123.7 1.0 1.0 1.3 Ww 1.0 Wd a 1.0
Nondurables 121.5 122.6 9 1.0 9 9 8 7 7 ze)
Service-producing industries 2 120.2 121.1 7 9 8 9 9 9 7 7
Transportation and public
utilities .... 119.2 119.6 1.0 9 9 9 8 9 1.2 3
Wholesale trade 117.9 119.4 a 11 & 7 5 41 oA 1.3
Retail trade ... 117.7 118.9 8 8 1.0 5 7 8 6 1.0
Finance, insurance, and real
estate 3 .. 117.7 117.7 3 2 12 A 23 6 WW 0
Services ..... 124.3 125.1 9 Wt 9 9 9 7 1.0 6
Nonmanufacturing industries ...|_ 120.2 121.2 7 a 8 9 9 8 8 8
WAGES AND SALARIES
Civilian workers ...... 117.8 118.8 0.4 08 08 07 08 07 07 08
‘State and local goverment 120.4 121.4 4 9 7 8 6 8 8
Private industry workers .. 117.1 118.1 A 8 8 6 9 8 5 9
White-collar occupations 118.2 119.3 4 3 8 7 1.0 9 5 9
Blue-collar occupations 115.6 116.5 6 5 8 6 8 6 7 8
Service occupations ... 116.4 116.9 6 4 6 5 5 4 1.0 4
Goods-producing industries 1.3, 116.9 118.0 6 6 a 6 7 7 7 a
Construction... 112.4 113.5 & 5 6 5 7 a Ww 1.0
Manufacturing 3 118.0 119.0 6 7 9 7 7 9 6 8
Durables 3 .. 117.8 118.7 8 6 a & 7 1 5 8
Nondurables .. 118.2 119.4 5 1 8 7 7 6 A 1.0
Service-producing industries 2 117.3 118.3 4 9 7 7 1.0 8 5 9
Transportation and public
iti 116.4 7A 5 8 8 9 7 8 7 6
116.4 117.9 +2 1.3 5 6 3 1.0 0 13
115.5 116.7 7 8 8 5 7 8 3 1.0
113.7 113.2 0 a 9 0 27 5 7 “4
Services .... 120.7 121.6 6 1.0 a a 7 8 9 7
Nonmanufacturing industries ...) 116.8 17.7 4 8&8 6 7 1.0 7 6 8

‘See footnotes at end of table.


15

Table 9. AEROSPACE (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for workers in aerospace manufacturing, by

industry and occupation
Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
dune 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994 | June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
COMPENSATION
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) . 124.5 126.2 127.1 0.3 0.8 0.7 46 17 24
White-collar occupations aecnsen 121.2 122.7 123.8 & 7 9 42 18 24
Blue-collar occupations .. 129.2 130.9 131.5 0 8 5 5.2 1.3 1.8
WAGES AND SALARIES
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) .. 118.8 122.4 123.3 0.8” 07 0.7 341 38 3.8
White-collar occupations 115.2 118.1 119.1 Ww 7 8 3.2 37 34
Blue-collar occupations 124.1 128.7 129.4 2 6 5 3.0 3.9 43
BENEFIT COSTS
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) .. 137.0 134.4 135.3 0.4 1.0 0.7 76 -2.3 12
White-collar occupations 135.4 133.5 134.7 6 8 BS) 6.2 2.0 +5
Blue-collar occupations 139.0 135.0 135.6 +2 Ww 4 9.3 3.1 “2.4

NOTE: SIC refers to the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification System code as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.


17

comparable to those for the aggregate, industry, and occupation series. A fuller explanation of the
calculation of index numbers appears in an article, "Estimation procedures for the Employment
Cost Index," in the May 1982 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. .

Beginning with the March 1990 ECI release, indexes were rebased to June 1989=100. A
description of the rebasing is included in the article "Employment Cost Index Rebased to June
1989," in the April 1990 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

Beginning with the December 1990 ECI release, seasonally adjusted data are available for
selected ECI series. Seasonal adjustment removes the effects of events that follow a more or less
regular pattern each year. These adjustments make nonseasonal patterns easier to spot. ECI series
are seasonally adjusted using either direct or composite seasonally adjusted estimates. Industry and
occupational series, such as construction and service occupations, are adjusted directly. More
aggregate series, such as civilian or private industry workers, use composite estimates. The
composite estimates could be obtained by aggregating either the industry or the occupational
components, and the results may differ depending on which method is used. The aggregate
seasonally adjusted ECI series are estimated by aggregating the component seasonally adjusted
industry series, so they are not necessarily a weighted average of the component occupation series.

The costs per hour worked of compensation components, based on March 1993 data from
the ECI, are published in a separate news release titled "Employer Costs for Employee
Compensation - March 1994." A description of the cost levels is provided in the article "Analyzing
employers’ costs for wages, salaries, and benefits" in the October 1987 issue of the Monthly Labor
Review. The cost levels, which are published annually in mid-June, are calculated with current
employment weights, rather than the fixed 1980 Census weights used in computing the ECI.
Therefore, year-to-year changes in the cost levels will usually differ from those in the ECI.

More detailed information on the ECI is available in several sources. These include an
annual bulletin, Joyment Cost In s and Levels, 1975-93, (Bulletin 2434); a chapter in the
BLS Handbook of Methods (Bulletin 2414), "The Employment Cost Index;" and several articles
published in the Monthly Labor Review. The annual bulletin is available from the Superintendent
of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Publications Sales Center, P.O. Box 2145, Chicago, Illinois 60690. Reprints of the
articles plus other descriptive pieces and a complete historical listing are available upon request.
ECT historical data are also available on data diskettes.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon
request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, Telecommunications Device for the Deaf (TDD) phone: 202-
606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone Number: 1-800-326-2577. :


3

BLS Data Now Available on the INTERNET

LABSTAT, the Bureau of Labor Statistics public database, provides current and historical
data for many surveys as well as numerous press releases. LABSTAT on the Internet is
composed of individual databases (in flat file format) corresponding to each of the surveys.
Internet users should use Anonymous FTP to access BLS data: stats.bls.gov. Non-Internet
users should use the limited dial-in service through a Bulletin Board Service to access

BLS data; phone number (202) 606-7060.

The Employment Cost Index and Employer Costs for Employee Compensation are identified by
the two-character survey name EC.

For each news release published by the BLS, the two most current issues are stored in the
pub/news.release directory.

If you have qustions or comments regarding the LABSTAT system on the Internet, address e-mail
to labstat.helpdesk @bls.gov.

Changes in wages and salaries and benefit costs, private industry, 1980-94
12-month percent change 12-month percent change
15 = 15
4b 4 14
13 - + 13

“42 - 4 12
Wwe au
10 4 10

9 49

gr Benefit costs 78

Te 47

6r 46

BE 45

4r 44

ar Wages and salaries 78

2r 42

te 41

i awen cows cee eee eee eee ewe eee eee eee ee ee ee ee ee

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994



Over-the-year changes, unadjusted

Compensation costs (not seasonally adjusted) increased 3.2 percent for the year ended in June
1994, the same as the gain for the year ended in March 1994. These increases are the lowest since the
series-began in 1981.

June 1993-94 compensation cost gains for both private industry and state and local government
workers were similar to March 1993-94 changes. (See tables 2 and 3.) The two groups of workers
differed, however, in the patterns of change for the components of compensation--wages and salaries
and benefit costs.

For state and local governments, wage and salary increases were about the same in the June
1993-94 period as in March 1993-94, but benefit cost gains rose slightly, from 3.0 percent to 3.2
percent. (See tables 5 and 8.)

Wages and salaries for private industry workers rose 3.1 percent in June 1993-94, up from 2.9
percent in March 1993-94. (See table 6.) However, the over-the-year change remained at 2.9 percent
when pay in sales occupations, which is heavily influenced by volatile commission earnings, is excluded
in both periods.

Benefit cost increases in private industry were 3.9 percent in June 1993-94, down from 4.4
percent in March 1993-94. The moderation in benefit cost gains reflected a continuing slowdown in the
rates of increase in insurance costs for health and workers' compensation (which still are rising more
rapidly than other benefit costs) and in state unemployment insurance.

For the year ended June 1994, compensation gains in private industry were the same in goods-
producing industries as in service-producing industries (3.3 percent). In goods-producing industries,
compensation gains ranged from 3.2 percent in both durable and nondurable goods manufacturing to 3.6
percent in construction. In service-producing industries, the increases varied from 2.5 percent in health
services to 4.1 percent in finance, insurance, and real estate. Compensation cost gains in the latter

" industry group are influenced by volatile commission earnings of sales workers.

June 1993-94 compensation cost increases in private industry were higher for white-collar
workers (3.6 percent) than for blue-collar workers (3.0 percent) and service workers (2.5 percent).
Compensation gains for white-collar occupational groups ranged from 3.3 percent for professional
specialty and technical occupations to 4.4 percent for sales occupations. Increases for blue-collar
occupations ranged from 2.7 percent for machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors to 3.4 percent for
transportation and material moving occupations.

Compensation cost increases over the year ended June 1994 were about the same for union as for
nonunion workers (3.3 percent and 3.4 percent, respectively).

ECI data for September 1994 will be released on Tuesday, October 25, 1994, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).

Beginning with the March 1995 news release, ECI estimates will be based on 1990 counts of
occupational employment by industry, rather than on 1980 employment counts.



13

‘ Table 7. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED)
industry workers, by bargaining status, region, and area size

: Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only; private

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994 | June 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994
Workers, by bargaining status
Union ..... see 113.9 116.5 117.6 07 07 0.9 28 3.0 3.2
Blue-collar occupations 112.8 115.1 116.2 7 5 1.0 26 28 3.0
Goods-producing industries 1 113.0 115.4 116.7 7 5 V1 25 29 3.3
Service-producing industries 2 115.1 118.0 118.7 8 1.0 6 32 3.3 34
113.9 116.6 117.8 6° 6 1.0 27 3.0 3.4
113.8 116.4 117.6 & & 1.0 27 29 3.3
113.9 116.4 117.3 8B 8 8 29 3.0 3.0
Nonunion .......000 114.8 117.4 118.3 6 7 8 27 29 3.0
Biue-collar occupations 113.6 115.9 116.7 7 8 7 25 27 27
Goods-producing industries 1 115.2 117.6 118.6 7 8 a 29 28 3.0
Service-producing industries 14.6 117.2 118.1 7 5 8 26 3.0 34
Manufacturing .... 116.1 118.6 119.5 & 6 8 3.0 28 29
Blue-collar occupations 115.2 117.5 118.1 5 7 5 24: 25 25
Nonmanufacturing ..... 114.3 116.9 117.8 7 7 8 26 3.0 34
Workers, by region 3
115.7 117.8 118.8 1.0 4 8 34 28 27
114.3 116.6 117.4 6 5 7 25 26 27
114.6 117.5 118.3 1.0 a 7 3.0 35 32
113.7 116.6 117.9 a 8 WW 23 26 3.7
Workers, by area size
, Metropolitan areas 114.7 117.2 118.1 7 6 8 28 29 3.0
Other areas ..... 114.4 117.0 118.1 8 1.0 3 29 34 3.2

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail
trage; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

The regional coverage is as. follows: Northeast—Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsyivania, Rhode Island,
and Vermont; South—Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South

Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest—tlinois, indiana,
fowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South
Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West—Alaska, Arizona, Califomia, Colorado, Hawaii,
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming,

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the
aggregate, occupation, and industry series.


16
EXPLANATORY-NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) is a measure of the change in the cost of labor, free from
the influence of employment shifts among occupations and industries. The compensation series
includes changes in wages and salaries and employer costs for employee benefits. The wage and
salary series and the benefit cost series provide the change for the two components of
compensation.

Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage rate or, for workers not paid
on an hourly basis, straight-time earnings divided by the corresponding hours. Straight-time wage
and salary rates are total earnings before payroll deductions, excluding premium pay for overtime
and for work on weekends and holidays, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses such as
lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases. Production bonuses, incentive earnings,
commission payments, and cost-of-living adjustments are included in straight-time wage and salary
rates.

Benefits covered by the ECI are: Paid leave (vacations, holidays, sick leave, and other
leave); supplemental pay (premium pay for overtime, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses
such as lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases); insurance benefits (life, health,
and sickness and accident); retirement and savings benefits (pension and other retirement plans and
savings and thrift plans); legally required benefits (social security, railroad retirement and
supplemental retirement, railroad unemployment insurance, Federal and State unemployment
insurance, workers' compensation, and other legally required benefits such as State temporary
disability); and other benefits (severance pay and supplemental unemployment plans).

The ECI provides data for the civilian economy, which includes the total private economy
and the public sector--excluding farms, households, and the Federal government. The private
industry series and the State and local government series provide data for the two sectors separately.

Each quarter, straight-time average hourly wage and salary rates and benefit cost data
(cents-per-hour-worked) are collected from a probability sample of about 22,000 occupations
within 4,300 sample establishments in private industry and about 7,000 occupations within 1,000
sample establishments in State and local governments. Data are collected for the pay period
including the 12th day of the survey months of March, June, September, and December.

The sample establishments are classified in industry categories based on the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC), as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

Within an establishment, specific job categories are selected to represent broader
occupational definitions. Since June 1986, the jobs have been classified according to definitions
used in the 1980 Census. Prior to June 1986, they were classified according to the 1970 Census.
Differences between the two classification systems are slight, as indicated in the article
“Introducing new weights for the Employment Cost Index,” in the June 1985 issue of the Monthly

VIEW.

Fixed employment weights are used each quarter to calculate the most aggregate indexes--
civilian, private, and State and local governments. These fixed weights are also used to derive all of
the industry and occupation series indexes. Since June 1986, employment counts from the 1980
Census have been used as weights. Prior to June 1986, employment counts from the 1970 Census
were used.

For the series based on bargaining status, region, or area size, employment data are not
available from the Census. The employment weights are reallocated within these series each
quarter based on the current ECI sample. The indexes for these series, consequently, are not strictly