2

Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 08-0588

http://www.bls.gov/cps/

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release

http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 Friday, May 2, 2008.

Percent Millions

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

May 2005 – April 2008

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,

May 2005 – April 2008

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

2006 2007 2008

128.0

130.0

132.0

134.0

136.0

138.0

140.0

2006 2007 2008

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: APRIL 2008

Nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in April (-20,000), following job losses that totaled

240,000 in the first 3 months of the year, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor

reported today. The unemployment rate, at 5.0 percent, also was little changed in April. Employment

continued to decline in construction, manufacturing, and retail trade, while jobs were added in health care

and in professional and technical services.

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)

The number of unemployed persons (7.6 million) and the unemployment rate (5.0 percent) were little

changed in April. A year earlier, the number of unemployed persons was 6.8 million, and the jobless rate

was 4.5 percent. Over the month, the unemployment rates for most major worker groups—adult men (4.6

percent), teenagers (15.4 percent), whites (4.4 percent), blacks (8.6 percent), and Hispanics (6.9 percent)—

showed little or no change. The jobless rate for adult women decreased to 4.3 percent in April, nearly offsetting an increase in the prior month. The unemployment rate for Asians was 3.2 percent (not seasonally

adjusted) in April. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

Both total employment, at 146.3 million, and the employment-population ratio, at 62.7 percent, were

little changed in April. Over the month, the labor force participation rate held at 66.0 percent; it was the

same rate a year earlier. (See table A-1.)
2

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Civilian labor force ............................... 153,667 153,661 153,374 153,784 153,957 173

Employment ..................................... 146,291 146,070 145,993 145,969 146,331 362

Unemployment .................................. 7,375 7,591 7,381 7,815 7,626 -189

Not in labor force .................................. 79,270 79,146 79,436 79,211 79,241 30

All workers ......................................... 4.8 4.9 4.8 5.1 5.0 -0.1

Adult men ........................................ 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.6 .0

Adult women .................................. 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.6 4.3 -.3

Teenagers ........................................ 16.4 16.8 16.6 15.8 15.4 -.4

White ............................................... 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.4 -.1

Black or African American 

................... 8.6 8.8 8.3 9.0 8.6 -.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ................. 5.9 6.5 6.2 6.9 6.9 .0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA 

Nonfarm employment ............................ 138,031 p 137,920 137,919 p 137,838 p 137,818 p -20

Goods-producing 1.............................. 22,042 p 21,817 21,816 p 21,728 p 21,618 p -110

Construction .................................... 7,521 p 7,381 7,382 p 7,336 p 7,275 p -61

Manufacturing ............................... 13,788 p 13,690 13,690 p 13,642 p 13,596 p -46

Service-providing 1 ............................. 115,989 p 116,103 116,103 p 116,110 p 116,200 p 90

 Retail trade 2 ................................. 15,490 p 15,437 15,429 p 15,410 p 15,383 p -27

Professional and business service ........... 18,093 p 18,068 18,073 p 18,029 p 18,068 p 39

Education and health services ............... 18,527 p 18,663 18,665 p 18,708 p 18,760 p 52

Leisure and hospitality ...................... 13,622 p 13,660 13,660 p 13,677 p 13,695 p 18

Government .................................... 22,291 p 22,358 22,362 p 22,376 p 22,385 p 9

Total private ....................................... 33.8 p 33.7 33.7 p 33.8 p 33.7 p -0.1

Manufacturing .................................. 41.2 p 41.1 41.1 p 41.2 p 40.9 p -.3

 Overtime ....................................... 4.1 p 4.0 4.0 p 4.0 p 3.9 p -.1

Total private ........................................ 107.7 p 107.4 107.3 p 107.6 p 107.2 p -0.4

Average hourly earnings, total private ......... $17.64 p $17.81 $17.81 p $17.87 p $17.88 p $0.01

Average weekly earnings, total private ....... 596.34 p 600.80 600.20 p 604.01 p 602.56 p -1.45

IV 2007 I 2008 Feb. 2008 Mar. 2008 Apr. 2008

p = preliminary.

Mar.-Apr. 

change

Hours of work 3

1

 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using unrounded data.

3

 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers.

Category

Quarterly averages Monthly data

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 3

Earnings 3

 Employment

Labor force status

Unemployment rates 
3

In April, the number of persons working part time for economic reasons increased by 306,000 to 5.2 million. This level was 849,000 higher than in April 2007. These individuals indicated that they were working

part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See

table A-5.)

Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

About 1.4 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in April.

These individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12

months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks

preceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, there were 412,000 discouraged workers in April,

about the same as a year earlier. Discouraged workers were not currently looking for work specifically

because they believed no jobs were available for them. The other 1.0 million persons classified as marginally attached to the labor force in April cited reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities.

(See table A-13.)

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

Total nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in April (-20,000). Job losses continued in construction, manufacturing, and retail trade. Employment grew in health care and in professional and technical

services. (See table B-1.)

In April, employment in construction declined by 61,000, with losses continuing throughout most of the

sector. Since its peak in September 2006, construction employment has fallen by 457,000.

Manufacturing employment fell by 46,000 over the month; nearly all the decline occurred in durable

goods manufacturing. In April, large job losses occurred in motor vehicles and parts (-17,000) and in

fabricated metal products (-11,000). Declines also occurred in furniture and related products (-4,000)

and in semiconductors and electronic components (-3,000). Over the past 12 months, manufacturing

employment has declined by 326,000.

Employment in retail trade continued to trend down, with a decrease of 27,000 in April. Since its peak

in March 2007, the industry has shed 137,000 jobs. Over the month, job losses continued in building material and garden supply stores (-12,000) and in department stores (-8,000).

Employment in health care continued to increase in April with a gain of 37,000. This industry has added

365,000 jobs over the past 12 months. In April, there were gains of 22,000 jobs in ambulatory health care

services and 9,000 jobs in hospitals.

Professional and technical services employment rose by 27,000 in April after showing little change during

the first quarter of 2008. Computer systems design added 10,000 jobs over the month and employment in

accounting and bookkeeping services edged up by 9,000. Employment in temporary help services continued

to trend down.

Employment continued to trend upward in food services in April (18,000), although job gains in this industry have slowed over the past 6 months. Since October 2007, food services employment has grown by

an average of 13,000 per month; this compares to an average increase of 28,000 jobs per month for the preceding 12-month period.
4

Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)

In April, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was down by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek declined

by 0.3 hour to 40.9 hours, and factory overtime was down by 0.1 hour to 3.9 hours. (See table B-2.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm

payrolls fell by 0.4 percent in April to 107.2 (2002=100). The manufacturing index declined by 1.2 percent to 92.0. (See table B-5.)

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)

In April, average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 1 cent, or 0.1 percent, to $17.88, seasonally adjusted. This followed gains of 6 cents

in February and in March. Average weekly earnings fell by 0.2 percent in April to $602.56. Over the

past 12 months, average hourly earnings increased by 3.4 percent and average weekly earnings rose by

3.1 percent. (See table B-3.)

______________________________

The Employment Situation for May 2008 is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 6,

at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
5

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment

and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of

error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger

sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is statistically significant in the establishment

survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000.

However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes

the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Thus,

while it is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about whether

respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these questions show that foreign-born workers

accounted for 15.7 percent of the labor force in 2007 and 47.7 percent of the net increase in the labor force

from 2000 to 2007.

Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional

information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment

survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate

additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey. For more information on the monthly revisions,

please visit http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates

to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark

helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual

benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.

Has the establishment survey understated employment growth because it excludes the selfemployed?

While the establishment survey excludes the self-employed, the household survey provides monthly estimates of unincorporated self-employment. These estimates have shown no substantial growth in recent years.
6

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with

fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the total

nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve

that goal.

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the

net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new

firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the

survey twice a year.

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance

benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who

are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People

on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In

addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially

counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news release.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the

Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current

Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor

Statistics (BLS).

The establishment survey provides the information on the

employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that

appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This

information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation

with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses

and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual

worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm

payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of

unemployment insurance tax accounts.

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular

week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is

generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In

the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the

calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences

between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire

civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of

questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and

over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or

not in the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as

paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least

15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as

employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of

illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal

reasons.

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following

criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were

available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find

employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need

not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon

the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed

persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not

 in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed

as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is

the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn

from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores,

as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on

nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing

sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector.

Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in

accordance with the 2007 version of the North American Industry

Classification System.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and

establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among

the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the

employed. The establishment survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.

The establishment survey is not limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because

individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job.

In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job

and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation’s labor force and the

levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations

due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded

production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of

schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the monthto-month changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern

each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by

adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make

nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or

increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to

spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force

each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place

relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of

students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics

for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change.

Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in

economic activity.

Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both

the household and establishment surveys. However, the ad-
justed series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment, and

unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate

that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or

by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent

seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal

factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and

including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new

seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month’s data. In

the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each

month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both

surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are

subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather

than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent.

The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the

standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or

level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no

more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because

of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total

employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or

minus 430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases

by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence

interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000

(100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample

results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a

90-percent chance that the “true” over-the-month change lies within

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we

could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased.

If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be

greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance)

that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment

rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the

monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for the

monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage

point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments

have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than

estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The

precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated

over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal

adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly

estimates.

The household and establishment surveys are also affected by

nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a

timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the

collection or processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most

recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these

estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two

successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment

survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment

generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation

of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components

is used to account for business births. The first component uses business

deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated

into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not

reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the

same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is

an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/

death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical

time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from

the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects

the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are

adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll

employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March samplebased employment estimates and the March universe counts is known

as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey

error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for

total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from

less than 0.1 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD

message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Apr.

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 231,253 232,995 233,198 231,253 233,156 232,616 232,809 232,995 233,198

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 151,829 153,135 153,208 152,542 153,866 153,824 153,374 153,784 153,957

 Participation rate ..................................................... 65.7 65.7 65.7 66.0 66.0 66.1 65.9 66.0 66.0

 Employed .................................................................... 145,297 145,108 145,921 145,713 146,211 146,248 145,993 145,969 146,331

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 62.8 62.3 62.6 63.0 62.7 62.9 62.7 62.6 62.7

 Unemployed ............................................................... 6,532 8,027 7,287 6,829 7,655 7,576 7,381 7,815 7,626

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.3 5.2 4.8 4.5 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.1 5.0

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 79,423 79,860 79,990 78,711 79,290 78,792 79,436 79,211 79,241

 Persons who currently want a job ............................... 4,729 4,492 4,677 4,815 4,697 4,857 4,772 4,730 4,755

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 111,849 112,695 112,803 111,849 112,852 112,493 112,596 112,695 112,803

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 81,665 81,849 81,864 82,036 82,448 82,355 82,132 82,184 82,256

 Participation rate ..................................................... 73.0 72.6 72.6 73.3 73.1 73.2 72.9 72.9 72.9

 Employed .................................................................... 78,013 77,198 77,745 78,293 78,260 78,157 78,113 77,948 78,038

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 69.7 68.5 68.9 70.0 69.3 69.5 69.4 69.2 69.2

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,651 4,651 4,119 3,743 4,188 4,197 4,019 4,236 4,218

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.5 5.7 5.0 4.6 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.2 5.1

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 30,184 30,846 30,939 29,814 30,404 30,139 30,464 30,511 30,547

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 103,248 104,052 104,152 103,248 104,197 103,866 103,961 104,052 104,152

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 78,315 78,691 78,632 78,428 79,004 78,864 78,748 78,838 78,776

 Participation rate ..................................................... 75.9 75.6 75.5 76.0 75.8 75.9 75.7 75.8 75.6

 Employed .................................................................... 75,218 74,620 75,048 75,279 75,499 75,427 75,362 75,197 75,148

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 72.9 71.7 72.1 72.9 72.5 72.6 72.5 72.3 72.2

 Unemployed ............................................................... 3,097 4,071 3,584 3,149 3,505 3,437 3,386 3,641 3,628

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.0 5.2 4.6 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.6

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 24,933 25,362 25,520 24,820 25,193 25,002 25,213 25,214 25,376

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 119,403 120,300 120,396 119,403 120,304 120,123 120,213 120,300 120,396

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 70,164 71,286 71,344 70,506 71,418 71,469 71,241 71,600 71,701

 Participation rate ..................................................... 58.8 59.3 59.3 59.0 59.4 59.5 59.3 59.5 59.6

 Employed .................................................................... 67,284 67,911 68,176 67,420 67,951 68,091 67,880 68,021 68,293

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 56.3 56.5 56.6 56.5 56.5 56.7 56.5 56.5 56.7

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,881 3,376 3,168 3,086 3,467 3,378 3,361 3,579 3,408

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 4.1 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.9 4.7 4.7 5.0 4.8

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 49,239 49,014 49,052 48,897 48,886 48,654 48,972 48,700 48,694

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 111,057 111,902 111,990 111,057 111,903 111,739 111,822 111,902 111,990

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 66,973 68,115 68,053 67,077 67,866 67,982 67,816 68,159 68,176

 Participation rate ..................................................... 60.3 60.9 60.8 60.4 60.6 60.8 60.6 60.9 60.9

 Employed .................................................................... 64,530 65,142 65,329 64,479 64,912 65,098 64,950 65,055 65,260

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 58.1 58.2 58.3 58.1 58.0 58.3 58.1 58.1 58.3

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,443 2,974 2,724 2,597 2,954 2,885 2,865 3,104 2,916

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 3.6 4.4 4.0 3.9 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.3

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 44,084 43,786 43,937 43,980 44,037 43,756 44,006 43,743 43,814

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 16,948 17,041 17,056 16,948 17,056 17,012 17,027 17,041 17,056

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 6,541 6,329 6,523 7,037 6,996 6,978 6,810 6,787 7,005

 Participation rate ..................................................... 38.6 37.1 38.2 41.5 41.0 41.0 40.0 39.8 41.1

 Employed .................................................................... 5,549 5,347 5,544 5,954 5,801 5,724 5,681 5,717 5,923

 Employment-population ratio .................................. 32.7 31.4 32.5 35.1 34.0 33.6 33.4 33.5 34.7

 Unemployed ............................................................... 992 982 979 1,082 1,196 1,254 1,130 1,070 1,082

 Unemployment rate ................................................ 15.2 15.5 15.0 15.4 17.1 18.0 16.6 15.8 15.4

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 10,407 10,712 10,533 9,911 10,059 10,034 10,216 10,254 10,051

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Apr.

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

WHITE 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 187,843 189,019 189,147 187,843 189,093 188,787 188,906 189,019 189,147

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 123,944 124,679 124,599 124,433 125,460 125,340 124,940 125,190 125,171

 Participation rate ....................................................... 66.0 66.0 65.9 66.2 66.3 66.4 66.1 66.2 66.2

 Employed .................................................................... 119,231 118,827 119,341 119,505 119,889 119,858 119,534 119,574 119,667

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 63.5 62.9 63.1 63.6 63.4 63.5 63.3 63.3 63.3

 Unemployed ............................................................... 4,713 5,853 5,258 4,928 5,571 5,482 5,406 5,616 5,504

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.8 4.7 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.4

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 63,899 64,339 64,548 63,410 63,633 63,447 63,966 63,829 63,975

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 65,104 65,292 65,110 65,135 65,506 65,470 65,270 65,342 65,183

 Participation rate ....................................................... 76.4 76.1 75.8 76.4 76.3 76.4 76.1 76.2 75.9

 Employed .................................................................... 62,857 62,214 62,483 62,837 62,929 62,924 62,745 62,665 62,507

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 73.8 72.5 72.8 73.7 73.3 73.5 73.2 73.1 72.8

 Unemployed ............................................................... 2,247 3,078 2,627 2,298 2,577 2,546 2,524 2,677 2,676

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.5 4.7 4.0 3.5 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.1

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 53,443 54,201 54,102 53,496 54,286 54,192 54,078 54,264 54,211

 Participation rate ....................................................... 59.6 60.1 60.0 59.7 60.2 60.2 60.0 60.2 60.1

 Employed .................................................................... 51,677 52,093 52,195 51,640 52,107 52,143 52,004 52,061 52,182

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 57.7 57.8 57.9 57.6 57.8 57.9 57.7 57.7 57.8

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,766 2,108 1,907 1,857 2,179 2,049 2,075 2,202 2,029

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.3 3.9 3.5 3.5 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.1 3.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 5,397 5,187 5,386 5,801 5,668 5,678 5,592 5,584 5,777

 Participation rate ....................................................... 41.4 39.7 41.2 44.5 43.3 43.5 42.8 42.7 44.2

 Employed .................................................................... 4,698 4,519 4,663 5,029 4,853 4,791 4,785 4,848 4,978

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 36.1 34.6 35.7 38.6 37.1 36.7 36.6 37.1 38.1

 Unemployed ............................................................... 699 667 723 773 815 887 807 736 799

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 13.0 12.9 13.4 13.3 14.4 15.6 14.4 13.2 13.8

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 27,385 27,709 27,746 27,385 27,704 27,640 27,675 27,709 27,746

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 17,353 17,601 17,654 17,483 17,538 17,713 17,632 17,702 17,753

 Participation rate ....................................................... 63.4 63.5 63.6 63.8 63.3 64.1 63.7 63.9 64.0

 Employed .................................................................... 15,997 16,010 16,207 16,048 15,961 16,090 16,169 16,116 16,234

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 58.4 57.8 58.4 58.6 57.6 58.2 58.4 58.2 58.5

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,356 1,591 1,447 1,435 1,577 1,623 1,463 1,586 1,520

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 7.8 9.0 8.2 8.2 9.0 9.2 8.3 9.0 8.6

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 10,032 10,109 10,092 9,902 10,165 9,927 10,043 10,007 9,992

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,801 7,839 7,905 7,849 7,883 7,916 7,947 7,922 7,945

 Participation rate ....................................................... 70.8 70.4 70.9 71.3 70.7 71.3 71.5 71.2 71.3

 Employed .................................................................... 7,163 7,140 7,243 7,196 7,218 7,259 7,320 7,255 7,278

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 65.1 64.1 65.0 65.4 64.7 65.4 65.8 65.2 65.3

 Unemployed ............................................................... 638 698 662 652 665 656 627 667 667

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 8.2 8.9 8.4 8.3 8.4 8.3 7.9 8.4 8.4

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 8,787 9,032 9,039 8,792 8,803 8,921 8,866 9,016 9,038

 Participation rate ....................................................... 63.9 64.9 64.9 64.0 63.4 64.3 63.8 64.8 64.9

 Employed .................................................................... 8,296 8,368 8,419 8,268 8,187 8,266 8,289 8,336 8,374

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 60.4 60.2 60.4 60.2 59.0 59.6 59.6 59.9 60.1

 Unemployed ............................................................... 491 664 620 525 617 654 577 680 664

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 5.6 7.3 6.9 6.0 7.0 7.3 6.5 7.5 7.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 765 730 710 842 851 876 819 764 771

 Participation rate ....................................................... 29.1 27.4 26.6 32.0 32.0 33.0 30.8 28.7 28.9

 Employed .................................................................... 537 501 545 584 556 564 560 525 582

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 20.4 18.8 20.4 22.2 20.9 21.2 21.0 19.7 21.8

 Unemployed ............................................................... 228 229 165 258 295 313 259 239 189

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 29.8 31.3 23.3 30.6 34.7 35.7 31.7 31.3 24.5

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Apr.

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

ASIAN 

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 10,545 10,645 10,658 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 6,951 7,184 7,220 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 65.9 67.5 67.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 6,723 6,928 6,985 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 63.8 65.1 65.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 228 256 234 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 3.3 3.6 3.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 3,594 3,462 3,438 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in

table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population

controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1

Apr.

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. 31,147 31,820 31,911 31,147 31,903 31,643 31,732 31,820 31,911

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 21,434 21,750 21,901 21,436 21,888 21,698 21,755 21,775 21,917

 Participation rate ....................................................... 68.8 68.4 68.6 68.8 68.6 68.6 68.6 68.4 68.7

 Employed .................................................................... 20,328 20,162 20,456 20,263 20,517 20,320 20,401 20,269 20,404

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 65.3 63.4 64.1 65.1 64.3 64.2 64.3 63.7 63.9

 Unemployed ............................................................... 1,106 1,588 1,445 1,173 1,371 1,378 1,354 1,507 1,512

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 5.2 7.3 6.6 5.5 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.9 6.9

 Not in labor force .......................................................... 9,714 10,071 10,010 9,711 10,016 9,946 9,977 10,045 9,994

Men, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 12,376 12,554 12,495 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 85.1 84.7 84.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 11,860 11,655 11,769 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 81.6 78.6 79.2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 516 899 726 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 4.2 7.2 5.8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Women, 20 years and over

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 7,999 8,100 8,272 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 58.4 57.9 59.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 7,590 7,606 7,774 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 55.4 54.4 55.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 409 494 497 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 5.1 6.1 6.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

 Civilian labor force ........................................................ 1,060 1,096 1,134 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Participation rate ....................................................... 36.3 36.5 37.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employed .................................................................... 878 900 913 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Employment-population ratio .................................... 30.1 30.0 30.3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployed ............................................................... 182 195 222 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Unemployment rate .................................................. 17.1 17.8 19.5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available.

 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of

any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

(Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 12,799 12,032 12,280 12,616 12,291 12,305 12,127 12,058 12,095

 Participation rate ......................................................... 46.6 45.9 46.2 45.9 46.5 46.0 46.4 46.0 45.5

 Employed ...................................................................... 11,918 10,894 11,353 11,719 11,358 11,362 11,236 11,071 11,157

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 43.4 41.6 42.7 42.7 42.9 42.5 43.0 42.3 42.0

 Unemployed ................................................................. 881 1,138 927 898 933 943 891 986 938

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 6.9 9.5 7.6 7.1 7.6 7.7 7.3 8.2 7.8

High school graduates, no college 1

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 38,354 38,148 37,703 38,353 38,841 38,364 38,078 37,952 37,926

 Participation rate ......................................................... 62.7 62.7 62.2 62.7 62.9 62.9 62.6 62.3 62.6

 Employed ...................................................................... 36,798 36,027 35,837 36,774 37,034 36,587 36,303 36,016 36,032

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 60.1 59.2 59.1 60.1 60.0 59.9 59.7 59.1 59.5

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,557 2,121 1,865 1,579 1,807 1,778 1,775 1,936 1,894

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 4.1 5.6 4.9 4.1 4.7 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.0

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 35,669 36,489 36,635 35,773 36,279 36,492 36,437 36,548 36,688

 Participation rate ......................................................... 72.3 72.0 72.1 72.5 72.0 72.5 72.0 72.1 72.2

 Employed ...................................................................... 34,405 34,990 35,219 34,493 34,924 35,187 35,086 35,142 35,271

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 69.8 69.0 69.3 69.9 69.3 69.9 69.4 69.3 69.4

 Unemployed ................................................................. 1,263 1,498 1,415 1,279 1,355 1,305 1,351 1,405 1,417

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 3.5 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher 2

Civilian labor force .......................................................... 43,565 45,375 45,234 43,485 44,448 44,604 45,226 45,459 45,309

 Participation rate ......................................................... 77.9 78.5 78.3 77.8 77.9 78.0 78.1 78.6 78.4

 Employed ...................................................................... 42,809 44,451 44,351 42,692 43,476 43,651 44,283 44,501 44,376

 Employment-population ratio ...................................... 76.5 76.9 76.7 76.3 76.2 76.4 76.5 77.0 76.8

 Unemployed ................................................................. 757 923 883 793 972 953 944 958 933

 Unemployment rate .................................................... 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral

degrees. 

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

 January data. See box note in the BLS news release USDL 07-0486, "The

Employment Situation: March 2007," issued on April 6, 2007, for a discussion of

technical issues regarding educational attainment data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

(In thousands)

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries ................................... 2,040 2,057 2,074 2,053 2,248 2,213 2,213 2,192 2,109

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 1,166 1,218 1,203 1,196 1,368 1,259 1,324 1,331 1,244

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 856 816 840 851 874 936 873 849 839

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 18 23 31 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Nonagricultural industries ............................................... 143,257 143,051 143,847 143,678 143,933 144,052 143,820 143,796 144,258

 Wage and salary workers ............................................. 133,513 133,849 134,369 133,893 134,605 134,755 134,259 134,411 134,761

 Government ................................................................ 21,320 21,484 21,657 21,036 20,780 20,907 21,252 21,262 21,333

 Private industries ........................................................ 112,193 112,365 112,712 112,819 113,872 113,846 112,972 113,142 113,394

 Private households ................................................... 819 744 780 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Other industries ........................................................ 111,374 111,621 111,932 111,993 113,035 113,042 112,212 112,383 112,650

 Self-employed workers ................................................. 9,641 9,103 9,353 9,690 9,242 9,161 9,410 9,224 9,355

 Unpaid family workers .................................................. 103 99 125 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 2

All industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 4,205 5,038 5,071 4,371 4,665 4,769 4,884 4,914 5,220

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 2,729 3,404 3,456 2,854 3,174 3,247 3,291 3,323 3,558

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,236 1,382 1,348 1,238 1,236 1,163 1,222 1,362 1,323

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 20,336 19,853 20,607 19,919 19,526 19,613 19,348 19,409 19,809

Nonagricultural industries:

Part time for economic reasons .................................. 4,127 4,911 4,978 4,301 4,577 4,677 4,790 4,797 5,125

 Slack work or business conditions ........................... 2,681 3,313 3,389 2,830 3,120 3,174 3,231 3,238 3,513

 Could only find part-time work ................................. 1,226 1,370 1,345 1,232 1,219 1,149 1,216 1,354 1,331

Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 20,001 19,553 20,289 19,550 19,225 19,296 19,019 19,072 19,456

1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their

jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or

industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who

usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for

reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Selected employment indicators

(In thousands)

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 145,297 145,108 145,921 145,713 146,211 146,248 145,993 145,969 146,331

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 5,549 5,347 5,544 5,954 5,801 5,724 5,681 5,717 5,923

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 2,129 1,904 1,898 2,305 2,183 2,121 2,109 2,125 2,072

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 3,420 3,443 3,646 3,621 3,626 3,603 3,579 3,578 3,847

 20 years and over ......................................................... 139,748 139,762 140,377 139,758 140,410 140,524 140,312 140,252 140,408

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 13,819 13,399 13,617 13,989 13,702 13,794 13,632 13,657 13,761

 25 years and over ....................................................... 125,929 126,363 126,760 125,691 126,675 126,640 126,644 126,574 126,595

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 100,476 99,686 100,035 100,373 100,496 100,174 100,057 99,948 99,964

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 31,565 31,388 31,615 31,588 31,633 31,530 31,599 31,581 31,639

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 34,457 33,731 33,835 34,365 34,086 33,931 33,863 33,783 33,740

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 34,454 34,567 34,584 34,420 34,777 34,713 34,595 34,585 34,586

 55 years and over ..................................................... 25,453 26,677 26,725 25,318 26,179 26,466 26,587 26,626 26,631

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 78,013 77,198 77,745 78,293 78,260 78,157 78,113 77,948 78,038

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 2,795 2,578 2,697 3,013 2,761 2,731 2,751 2,751 2,890

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,059 864 863 1,141 986 950 966 971 937

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 1,736 1,714 1,833 1,858 1,766 1,780 1,782 1,780 1,948

 20 years and over ......................................................... 75,218 74,620 75,048 75,279 75,499 75,427 75,362 75,197 75,148

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 7,285 7,099 7,186 7,404 7,244 7,312 7,219 7,268 7,299

 25 years and over ....................................................... 67,934 67,521 67,862 67,842 68,264 68,060 68,129 67,938 67,809

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 54,426 53,455 53,684 54,385 54,383 54,041 54,016 53,847 53,678

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 17,433 17,051 17,285 17,475 17,451 17,348 17,346 17,255 17,321

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 18,823 18,245 18,213 18,783 18,507 18,335 18,400 18,359 18,180

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 18,170 18,159 18,186 18,126 18,425 18,357 18,270 18,233 18,177

 55 years and over ..................................................... 13,508 14,066 14,179 13,456 13,882 14,020 14,113 14,091 14,131

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 67,284 67,911 68,176 67,420 67,951 68,091 67,880 68,021 68,293

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 2,754 2,769 2,847 2,941 3,040 2,993 2,929 2,966 3,033

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 1,070 1,039 1,034 1,164 1,197 1,171 1,143 1,154 1,136

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 1,684 1,729 1,812 1,763 1,860 1,823 1,797 1,798 1,899

 20 years and over ......................................................... 64,530 65,142 65,329 64,479 64,912 65,098 64,950 65,055 65,260

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 6,534 6,300 6,431 6,585 6,458 6,482 6,414 6,389 6,463

 25 years and over ....................................................... 57,996 58,842 58,898 57,849 58,411 58,580 58,515 58,636 58,786

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 46,050 46,231 46,351 45,988 46,113 46,133 46,041 46,101 46,286

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 14,132 14,337 14,330 14,112 14,182 14,182 14,254 14,326 14,318

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 15,634 15,486 15,622 15,582 15,579 15,596 15,463 15,423 15,559

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 16,284 16,409 16,399 16,294 16,352 16,355 16,325 16,352 16,409

 55 years and over ..................................................... 11,945 12,611 12,547 11,861 12,297 12,447 12,474 12,535 12,500

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 46,488 45,916 46,002 46,466 46,213 46,063 46,136 45,961 45,964

Married women, spouse present .................................... 36,101 35,864 36,331 36,009 35,565 35,536 35,648 35,749 36,177

Women who maintain families ........................................ 9,135 9,093 9,111 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 2 ......................................................... 119,609 119,875 120,027 120,322 121,428 121,202 121,275 121,231 120,856

Part-time workers 3 ......................................................... 25,688 25,233 25,894 25,258 24,740 25,043 24,697 24,691 25,245

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders ................................................. 7,846 7,499 7,630 7,944 7,416 7,557 7,582 7,449 7,644

 Percent of total employed ........................................... 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2

1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more

per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35

hours per week.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates 1

Apr.

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 6,829 7,815 7,626 4.5 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.1 5.0

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 1,082 1,070 1,082 15.4 17.1 18.0 16.6 15.8 15.4

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 459 485 509 16.6 19.6 20.4 18.3 18.6 19.7

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 641 584 583 15.0 15.4 15.9 15.5 14.0 13.2

 20 years and over ......................................................... 5,746 6,745 6,544 3.9 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.5

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 1,191 1,394 1,345 7.8 9.4 8.7 8.9 9.3 8.9

 25 years and over ....................................................... 4,546 5,294 5,179 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.9

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 3,753 4,342 4,333 3.6 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.2

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 1,453 1,775 1,690 4.4 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.3 5.1

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 1,197 1,321 1,350 3.4 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.8

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 1,102 1,246 1,293 3.1 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6

 55 years and over ..................................................... 795 931 838 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.0

Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 3,743 4,236 4,218 4.6 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.2 5.1

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 594 595 590 16.5 19.8 21.8 18.7 17.8 16.9

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 243 273 267 17.5 22.1 24.0 20.5 22.0 22.2

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 365 320 330 16.4 18.4 19.5 18.0 15.2 14.5

 20 years and over ......................................................... 3,149 3,641 3,628 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.6

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 700 830 804 8.6 9.8 9.4 9.9 10.3 9.9

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,443 2,807 2,816 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.0

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 1,995 2,324 2,385 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.3

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 776 977 916 4.2 5.1 5.1 4.8 5.4 5.0

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 620 690 753 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.6 4.0

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 600 657 716 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.8

 55 years and over ..................................................... 447 482 431 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.0

Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 3,086 3,579 3,408 4.4 4.9 4.7 4.7 5.0 4.8

 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 488 475 492 14.2 14.4 14.2 14.5 13.8 14.0

 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 216 212 242 15.7 17.3 17.2 16.2 15.5 17.5

 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 275 265 253 13.5 12.3 12.1 12.8 12.8 11.8

 20 years and over ......................................................... 2,597 3,104 2,916 3.9 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.3

 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 492 563 542 6.9 8.8 8.0 7.7 8.1 7.7

 25 years and over ....................................................... 2,103 2,488 2,363 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.1 3.9

 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 1,758 2,018 1,949 3.7 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.0

 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 678 798 774 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.3 5.1

 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 577 631 598 3.6 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.7

 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 502 589 577 3.0 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4

 55 years and over 2 .................................................. 311 438 366 2.5 2.9 3.4 3.3 3.4 2.8

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present ......................................... 1,198 1,337 1,319 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8

Married women, spouse present .................................... 1,004 1,226 1,115 2.7 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.0

Women who maintain families 2 ..................................... 605 694 661 6.2 6.9 7.0 6.7 7.1 6.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers 3 ......................................................... 5,528 6,415 6,328 4.4 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.0 5.0

Part-time workers 4 ......................................................... 1,326 1,377 1,303 5.0 5.6 5.4 5.0 5.3 4.9

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to

work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not 

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the 

various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................... 3,249 4,555 3,931 3,316 3,857 3,796 3,854 4,154 4,014

On temporary layoff .................................................... 954 1,341 1,053 1,019 975 1,040 971 1,056 1,099

Not on temporary layoff .............................................. 2,295 3,214 2,878 2,297 2,882 2,756 2,883 3,098 2,915

Permanent job losers .............................................. 1,625 2,276 2,114 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Persons who completed temporary jobs ................ 670 938 764 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Job leavers ..................................................................... 713 768 816 749 798 830 769 781 850

Reentrants ...................................................................... 2,030 2,103 1,995 2,169 2,343 2,201 2,112 2,117 2,134

New entrants .................................................................. 540 601 545 599 697 667 648 681 624

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ........................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 49.7 56.7 53.9 48.5 50.1 50.7 52.2 53.7 52.7

On temporary layoff .................................................. 14.6 16.7 14.4 14.9 12.7 13.9 13.2 13.7 14.4

Not on temporary layoff ............................................ 35.1 40.0 39.5 33.6 37.5 36.8 39.0 40.1 38.2

Job leavers ................................................................... 10.9 9.6 11.2 11.0 10.4 11.1 10.4 10.1 11.2

Reentrants .................................................................... 31.1 26.2 27.4 31.7 30.4 29.4 28.6 27.4 28.0

New entrants ................................................................ 8.3 7.5 7.5 8.8 9.1 8.9 8.8 8.8 8.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary

jobs ............................................................................. 2.1 3.0 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6

Job leavers ................................................................... .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6

Reentrants .................................................................... 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

New entrants ................................................................ .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4

1 Data not available.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

(Numbers in thousands)

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks .............................................................................. 2,141 2,550 2,151 2,442 2,793 2,634 2,639 2,767 2,484

5 to 14 weeks ..................................................................................... 1,909 2,782 2,225 2,147 2,330 2,396 2,396 2,525 2,495

15 weeks and over ............................................................................. 2,482 2,696 2,911 2,259 2,520 2,503 2,377 2,400 2,626

 15 to 26 weeks ................................................................................ 1,221 1,339 1,473 1,066 1,182 1,124 1,079 1,118 1,272

 27 weeks and over .......................................................................... 1,261 1,357 1,439 1,193 1,338 1,380 1,299 1,282 1,353

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .................................................... 18.3 16.9 18.3 17.0 16.6 17.5 16.8 16.2 16.9

Median duration, in weeks .................................................................. 10.1 9.4 11.0 8.6 8.4 8.8 8.4 8.1 9.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed ............................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 Less than 5 weeks ............................................................................ 32.8 31.8 29.5 35.7 36.5 35.0 35.6 36.0 32.7

 5 to 14 weeks ................................................................................... 29.2 34.7 30.5 31.4 30.5 31.8 32.3 32.8 32.8

 15 weeks and over ........................................................................... 38.0 33.6 40.0 33.0 33.0 33.2 32.1 31.2 34.5

 15 to 26 weeks ............................................................................... 18.7 16.7 20.2 15.6 15.5 14.9 14.6 14.5 16.7

 27 weeks and over ......................................................................... 19.3 16.9 19.7 17.4 17.5 18.3 17.5 16.7 17.8

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2007

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2007

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2007

Apr.

2008

 Total, 16 years and over 1 ....................................................... 145,297 145,921 6,532 7,287 4.3 4.8

Management, professional, and related occupations ............. 51,955 52,819 952 1,088 1.8 2.0

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations .................................................................................... 21,447 21,621 419 467 1.9 2.1

 Professional and related occupations ...................................... 30,507 31,198 533 621 1.7 2.0

Service occupations ....................................................................... 23,858 24,064 1,361 1,406 5.4 5.5

Sales and office occupations ....................................................... 36,262 36,222 1,492 1,605 4.0 4.2

 Sales and related occupations .................................................. 16,814 16,381 804 741 4.6 4.3

 Office and administrative support occupations ...................... 19,447 19,841 688 865 3.4 4.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations .................................................................................... 15,459 14,673 1,058 1,381 6.4 8.6

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................. 945 954 85 111 8.2 10.5

 Construction and extraction occupations ................................ 9,422 8,628 809 1,097 7.9 11.3

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ 5,092 5,091 165 173 3.1 3.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations .................................................................................... 17,764 18,144 1,110 1,239 5.9 6.4

 Production occupations .............................................................. 9,394 9,196 633 679 6.3 6.9

 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 8,370 8,948 477 560 5.4 5.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2007

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2007

Apr.

2008

 Total, 16 years and over 1 .................................................... 6,532 7,287 4.3 4.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .................... 5,276 5,923 4.5 5.0

 Mining ............................................................................................. 17 28 2.3 3.6

 Construction .................................................................................. 853 1,057 8.6 11.1

 Manufacturing ............................................................................... 749 796 4.6 4.8

 Durable goods ............................................................................ 467 505 4.4 4.8

 Nondurable goods ..................................................................... 282 291 4.8 5.0

 Wholesale and retail trade ......................................................... 872 919 4.2 4.5

 Transportation and utilities ......................................................... 188 245 3.3 4.0

 Information ..................................................................................... 77 143 2.4 4.4

 Financial activities ........................................................................ 231 324 2.4 3.4

 Professional and business services ......................................... 689 736 5.0 5.3

 Education and health services .................................................. 555 551 2.9 2.8

 Leisure and hospitality ................................................................ 822 874 6.9 6.9

 Other services ............................................................................... 224 251 3.6 4.0

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ...... 67 108 5.7 8.6

Government workers ..................................................................... 408 373 1.9 1.7

Self employed and unpaid family workers ................................. 240 338 2.2 3.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

(Percent)

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2007

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2007

Dec.

2007

Jan.

2008

Feb.

2008

Mar.

2008

Apr.

2008

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the

civilian labor force ..................................................................... 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a

percent of the civilian labor force .............................................. 2.1 3.0 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force

(official unemployment rate) ................................................. 4.3 5.2 4.8 4.5 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.1 5.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the

civilian labor force plus discouraged workers ........................... 4.6 5.5 5.0 4.7 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.2

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other

marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all marginally attached workers ................................ 5.2 6.1 5.6 5.3 5.8 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.8

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent

of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached

workers ..................................................................................... 7.9 9.3 8.9 8.2 8.8 9.0 8.9 9.1 9.2

 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither

working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job

and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a

subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not

looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are

those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a

part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS introduces new range of

alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly

Labor Review. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the 

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)

Category

Total Men Women

Apr.

2007

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2007

Apr.

2008

Apr.

2007

Apr.

2008

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force .................................................................. 79,423 79,990 30,184 30,939 49,239 49,052

 Persons who currently want a job ...................................................... 4,729 4,677 2,161 2,152 2,567 2,525

Searched for work and available to work now 1 ........................... 1,391 1,414 680 726 711 688

Reason not currently looking:

Discouragement over job prospects 2 .................................. 399 412 235 250 163 162

Reasons other than discouragement 3 ................................. 992 1,002 444 476 548 526

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders 4 .................................................................. 7,846 7,630 3,975 3,852 3,871 3,779

 Percent of total employed ............................................................... 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.8 5.5

 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ................................. 4,332 4,197 2,516 2,336 1,816 1,861

 Primary and secondary jobs both part time .................................... 1,783 1,811 521 586 1,263 1,225

 Primary and secondary jobs both full time ...................................... 240 248 175 165 65 82

 Hours vary on primary or secondary job ......................................... 1,446 1,333 746 741 700 592

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and

were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training,

employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such

reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as

well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their

secondary job(s), not shown separately.

 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Apr. 

2007

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2008p

Change

from:

Mar. 2008-

Apr. 2008p

Total nonfarm ............................. 137,341 136,439 137,019 137,722 137,356 138,078 138,002 137,919 137,838 137,818 -20

Total private ........................................ 114,777 113,745 114,228 114,934 115,195 115,745 115,666 115,557 115,462 115,433 -29

Goods-producing ............................................ 22,099 21,260 21,308 21,395 22,300 21,976 21,907 21,816 21,728 21,618 -110

Natural resources and mining .................................. 710 728 737 739 718 739 744 744 750 747 -3

Logging ........................................................... 57.1 58.4 56.4 56.0 61.9 60.6 60.7 60.2 59.5 60.5 1.0

Mining .................................................................... 652.8 669.2 680.9 682.9 656.3 677.9 683.2 684.0 690.0 686.8 -3.2

Oil and gas extraction ........................................ 142.1 152.9 154.5 152.2 143.0 153.1 154.5 153.8 155.0 153.5 -1.5

Mining, except oil and gas1................................. 221.4 215.3 218.5 222.5 223.3 225.2 227.0 225.7 225.9 225.1 -.8

Coal mining ...................................................... 77.4 78.3 79.0 78.5 77.4 78.3 78.6 78.7 78.9 78.6 -.3

Support activities for mining .............................. 289.3 301.0 307.9 308.2 290.0 299.6 301.7 304.5 309.1 308.2 -.9

Construction ............................................................. 7,513 6,939 6,997 7,111 7,660 7,465 7,426 7,382 7,336 7,275 -61

Construction of buildings ................................... 1,743.3 1,600.9 1,608.5 1,613.6 1,777.2 1,702.4 1,690.2 1,673.0 1,665.6 1,650.0 -15.6

Residential building ......................................... 945.5 837.1 839.8 840.6 964.5 902.0 891.9 877.0 871.3 860.6 -10.7

Nonresidential building .................................... 797.8 763.8 768.7 773.0 812.7 800.4 798.3 796.0 794.3 789.4 -4.9

Heavy and civil engineering construction ........ 977.1 878.2 896.1 927.6 1,005.9 993.8 984.6 977.6 975.1 959.4 -15.7

Specialty trade contractors ............................... 4,792.7 4,459.4 4,492.7 4,569.3 4,876.5 4,768.4 4,750.8 4,731.8 4,695.5 4,665.4 -30.1

Residential specialty trade contractors ........... 2,275.4 2,031.0 2,038.7 2,066.5 2,318.2 2,201.1 2,176.2 2,164.2 2,138.8 2,116.4 -22.4

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors ..... 2,517.3 2,428.4 2,454.0 2,502.8 2,558.3 2,567.3 2,574.6 2,567.6 2,556.7 2,549.0 -7.7

Manufacturing ........................................................... 13,876 13,593 13,574 13,545 13,922 13,772 13,737 13,690 13,642 13,596 -46

Production workers ....................................... 9,954 9,797 9,789 9,763 9,987 9,933 9,922 9,879 9,847 9,803 -44

Durable goods ....................................................... 8,841 8,640 8,625 8,598 8,847 8,739 8,718 8,685 8,651 8,608 -43

Production workers ....................................... 6,268 6,143 6,132 6,114 6,266 6,220 6,214 6,182 6,155 6,118 -37

Wood products ................................................... 518.2 487.1 484.7 485.9 523.1 507.2 503.5 498.6 493.6 491.5 -2.1

Nonmetallic mineral products ............................ 500.8 474.7 476.5 482.4 503.6 496.4 494.4 492.2 487.7 486.5 -1.2

Primary metals .................................................... 460.6 451.8 451.7 453.1 459.3 452.2 452.3 451.4 451.6 451.7 .1

Fabricated metal products ................................. 1,559.7 1,550.9 1,552.3 1,542.4 1,561.7 1,562.7 1,560.9 1,557.1 1,555.6 1,544.3 -11.3

Machinery ........................................................... 1,184.5 1,190.0 1,196.5 1,193.1 1,184.3 1,191.0 1,193.8 1,191.7 1,195.7 1,193.4 -2.3

1 Computer and electronic products .................... 1,273.3 1,249.3 1,252.2 1,249.6 1,277.6 1,257.6 1,256.3 1,251.9 1,255.1 1,253.2 -1.9

Computer and peripheral equipment ............. 187.7 185.4 185.7 185.5 188.8 185.4 184.9 185.9 186.0 186.1 .1

Communications equipment ........................... 127.9 128.7 129.2 130.3 128.1 129.0 129.5 128.7 129.6 130.6 1.0

Semiconductors and electronic components . 447.4 428.3 427.7 425.1 448.2 434.9 433.5 429.7 428.7 425.4 -3.3

Electronic instruments ..................................... 442.3 442.6 446.1 445.3 443.8 443.7 444.3 442.9 446.9 446.9 .0

Electrical equipment and appliances ................ 427.7 419.5 419.3 420.5 428.2 423.8 421.6 420.8 419.9 420.8 .9

1 Transportation equipment .................................. 1,732.8 1,672.9 1,651.6 1,634.6 1,725.3 1,684.7 1,678.1 1,672.0 1,648.1 1,629.1 -19.0

Motor vehicles and parts2................................. 1,022.1 951.8 929.5 914.9 1,012.8 962.6 956.6 950.4 925.7 908.6 -17.1

Furniture and related products .......................... 540.4 511.4 510.0 507.7 539.8 523.8 520.4 516.0 511.8 507.7 -4.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................ 643.4 632.1 630.5 628.2 644.0 639.9 636.4 633.3 631.8 629.4 -2.4

Nondurable goods ................................................. 5,035 4,953 4,949 4,947 5,075 5,033 5,019 5,005 4,991 4,988 -3

Production workers ....................................... 3,686 3,654 3,657 3,649 3,721 3,713 3,708 3,697 3,692 3,685 -7

Food manufacturing ........................................... 1,444.0 1,454.6 1,449.6 1,448.2 1,475.0 1,486.3 1,483.2 1,482.7 1,477.9 1,479.6 1.7

Beverages and tobacco products ...................... 191.7 184.1 185.5 187.7 195.9 192.0 191.1 189.3 191.0 191.8 .8

Textile mills ......................................................... 172.7 160.5 159.0 155.8 172.6 163.0 162.0 161.4 158.4 156.0 -2.4

Textile product mills ........................................... 161.0 151.9 153.4 154.3 159.8 155.7 154.0 153.0 153.3 153.1 -.2

Apparel ................................................................ 217.6 198.7 198.2 197.3 217.5 204.8 202.0 200.6 198.4 197.1 -1.3

Leather and allied products ............................... 34.0 33.4 33.7 34.0 33.9 33.7 34.5 33.5 33.5 33.8 .3

Paper and paper products ................................. 459.0 456.0 455.4 456.5 461.4 460.3 459.0 457.8 457.9 458.8 .9

Printing and related support activities ............... 623.6 610.0 612.8 612.2 625.4 619.5 620.1 614.6 614.4 614.3 -.1

Petroleum and coal products ............................. 113.5 109.3 109.7 110.9 114.0 111.7 112.2 112.5 111.9 111.4 -.5

Chemicals ........................................................... 859.3 858.9 859.3 858.6 860.5 862.0 861.2 861.0 860.4 859.9 -.5

Plastics and rubber products ............................. 758.7 735.7 732.4 731.4 759.2 744.2 739.7 738.7 733.8 731.9 -1.9

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Apr. 

2007

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2008p

Change

from:

Mar. 2008-

Apr. 2008p

Service-providing .............................................. 115,242 115,179 115,711 116,327 115,056 116,102 116,095 116,103 116,110 116,200 90

Private service-providing ............................... 92,678 92,485 92,920 93,539 92,895 93,769 93,759 93,741 93,734 93,815 81

Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................... 26,368 26,186 26,265 26,299 26,571 26,658 26,631 26,579 26,560 26,524 -36

Wholesale trade .................................................... 5,990.6 6,008.1 6,024.0 6,030.0 5,999.8 6,072.9 6,067.3 6,057.6 6,054.1 6,043.5 -10.6

Durable goods .................................................... 3,114.1 3,108.1 3,116.5 3,111.6 3,117.6 3,145.0 3,138.0 3,127.3 3,127.8 3,117.3 -10.5

Nondurable goods .............................................. 2,050.8 2,062.4 2,071.6 2,082.7 2,055.8 2,089.3 2,090.9 2,088.4 2,087.8 2,089.3 1.5

Electronic markets and agents and brokers ..... 825.7 837.6 835.9 835.7 826.4 838.6 838.4 841.9 838.5 836.9 -1.6

Retail trade ............................................................ 15,314.1 15,140.1 15,186.4 15,193.8 15,487.0 15,487.8 15,472.2 15,428.8 15,409.5 15,382.7 -26.8

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1........................ 1,916.4 1,881.2 1,890.8 1,899.6 1,916.9 1,909.3 1,910.2 1,905.1 1,903.6 1,900.8 -2.8

Automobile dealers ......................................... 1,246.2 1,226.3 1,229.8 1,229.7 1,246.8 1,244.6 1,244.0 1,236.2 1,235.0 1,231.5 -3.5

Furniture and home furnishings stores ............. 576.9 571.0 563.0 564.3 581.5 584.5 579.9 575.9 570.4 569.9 -.5

Electronics and appliance stores ....................... 543.9 530.4 530.9 530.1 550.3 540.4 534.3 533.6 533.9 535.5 1.6

Building material and garden supply stores ...... 1,350.4 1,206.2 1,230.0 1,266.7 1,318.0 1,271.6 1,266.0 1,258.5 1,249.3 1,237.0 -12.3

Food and beverage stores ................................. 2,810.5 2,860.7 2,862.6 2,857.8 2,835.1 2,871.9 2,880.1 2,885.7 2,888.4 2,884.0 -4.4

Health and personal care stores ....................... 980.3 989.1 988.6 981.5 988.1 999.9 1,000.6 993.5 993.8 990.9 -2.9

Gasoline stations ................................................ 856.9 842.2 845.7 846.7 862.3 850.5 853.8 854.2 855.4 852.5 -2.9

Clothing and clothing accessories stores ......... 1,447.1 1,435.7 1,448.0 1,447.5 1,492.4 1,508.6 1,498.2 1,496.3 1,499.2 1,498.2 -1.0

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores ................................................................ 635.6 655.1 641.9 629.1 654.0 661.6 667.2 661.9 656.6 651.6 -5.0

1 General merchandise stores ............................. 2,921.7 2,878.7 2,907.1 2,891.1 2,984.9 2,976.7 2,971.1 2,955.7 2,951.7 2,953.7 2.0

Department stores .......................................... 1,529.0 1,497.0 1,497.1 1,473.2 1,581.7 1,568.4 1,564.3 1,543.3 1,536.6 1,528.3 -8.3

Miscellaneous store retailers ............................. 851.9 852.7 843.7 849.7 867.4 866.3 869.4 865.3 864.2 865.1 .9

Nonstore retailers ............................................... 422.5 437.1 434.1 429.7 436.1 446.5 441.4 443.1 443.0 443.5 .5

Transportation and warehousing .......................... 4,512.4 4,483.8 4,499.7 4,518.2 4,532.8 4,539.9 4,534.5 4,535.5 4,539.2 4,540.4 1.2

Air transportation ................................................ 490.8 504.3 505.1 504.4 493.1 502.1 504.7 508.2 507.7 506.3 -1.4

Rail transportation .............................................. 235.0 231.8 232.4 234.3 235.1 232.5 233.8 233.7 233.9 234.3 .4

Water transportation ........................................... 62.0 59.5 58.8 59.8 62.8 64.4 63.8 62.5 61.6 61.2 -.4

Truck transportation ........................................... 1,430.8 1,382.8 1,396.2 1,400.5 1,447.0 1,423.1 1,422.5 1,417.4 1,421.2 1,416.8 -4.4

Transit and ground passenger transportation ... 420.7 426.3 427.4 433.2 407.3 411.8 411.9 413.5 414.1 418.4 4.3

Pipeline transportation ....................................... 39.4 40.9 41.0 40.8 39.6 40.8 40.6 40.9 41.0 41.0 .0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation .............. 25.5 24.3 25.7 27.5 29.0 31.3 31.0 31.5 31.5 31.0 -.5

Support activities for transportation ................... 582.1 583.6 583.4 586.6 581.1 587.1 584.9 585.9 585.9 586.3 .4

Couriers and messengers .................................. 574.8 581.1 578.6 576.9 580.2 588.1 585.5 586.0 584.3 583.5 -.8

Warehousing and storage .................................. 651.3 649.2 651.1 654.2 657.6 658.7 655.8 655.9 658.0 661.6 3.6

Utilities ................................................................... 550.4 553.5 554.7 556.5 551.3 557.1 557.1 557.0 557.4 557.4 .0

Information ................................................................ 3,030 3,006 3,007 3,007 3,034 3,018 3,014 3,016 3,013 3,011 -2

Publishing industries, except Internet ............... 897.8 885.6 882.2 884.1 900.5 889.7 889.2 886.8 883.3 886.7 3.4

Motion picture and sound recording industries . 381.2 371.0 378.8 380.6 385.4 376.3 372.9 380.1 383.0 382.8 -.2

Broadcasting, except Internet ............................ 327.4 321.8 321.5 319.3 327.9 321.9 323.0 322.1 322.4 320.0 -2.4

Telecommunications .......................................... 1,028.9 1,023.5 1,019.6 1,019.0 1,028.6 1,026.8 1,025.3 1,022.0 1,019.9 1,019.3 -.6

Data processing, hosting and related services . 271.0 273.4 273.6 272.9 268.7 273.5 273.0 274.2 272.3 271.2 -1.1

Other information services ................................. 123.5 130.7 131.6 131.1 123.1 129.3 130.5 131.2 131.9 130.8 -1.1

Financial activities .................................................... 8,291 8,184 8,189 8,201 8,315 8,252 8,244 8,231 8,227 8,230 3

Finance and insurance .......................................... 6,137.8 6,096.7 6,101.2 6,098.2 6,145.7 6,111.2 6,106.2 6,102.2 6,104.4 6,109.0 4.6

Monetary authorities - central bank ................... 21.4 20.9 20.9 21.1 21.4 20.7 20.7 20.9 21.0 21.1 .1

1 Credit intermediation and related activities ....... 2,896.7 2,821.4 2,813.4 2,808.0 2,898.1 2,829.2 2,825.0 2,820.4 2,812.7 2,811.1 -1.6

1 Depository credit intermediation ..................... 1,810.8 1,821.5 1,820.1 1,820.3 1,814.7 1,824.6 1,821.5 1,823.3 1,822.5 1,825.3 2.8

Commercial banking .................................... 1,337.8 1,343.6 1,343.2 1,343.1 1,338.6 1,345.9 1,342.2 1,344.9 1,343.6 1,344.7 1.1

Securities, commodity contracts, investments .. 838.5 861.4 865.2 865.1 840.8 856.7 859.2 862.5 865.4 867.6 2.2

Insurance carriers and related activities ........... 2,294.4 2,305.7 2,314.6 2,317.1 2,298.2 2,316.8 2,313.9 2,311.1 2,318.5 2,321.7 3.2

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ........ 86.8 87.3 87.1 86.9 87.2 87.8 87.4 87.3 86.8 87.5 .7

Real estate and rental and leasing ....................... 2,153.3 2,086.9 2,087.4 2,102.6 2,168.9 2,140.6 2,138.0 2,128.6 2,122.4 2,121.3 -1.1

Real estate .......................................................... 1,489.8 1,438.7 1,437.5 1,450.4 1,497.7 1,476.4 1,471.4 1,466.0 1,459.9 1,461.3 1.4

Rental and leasing services ............................... 635.4 617.1 618.4 620.4 642.8 633.6 635.2 631.0 630.4 627.9 -2.5

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets ......... 28.1 31.1 31.5 31.8 28.4 30.6 31.4 31.6 32.1 32.1 .0

See footnotes at the end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued

(In thousands)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Apr. 

2007

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2008p

Change

from:

Mar. 2008-

Apr. 2008p

Professional and business services ........................ 17,858 17,753 17,798 18,001 17,903 18,131 18,101 18,073 18,029 18,068 39

1 Professional and technical services ..................... 7,661.5 7,905.1 7,891.1 7,916.3 7,598.1 7,820.5 7,819.2 7,829.2 7,830.9 7,857.7 26.8

Legal services .................................................. 1,173.5 1,166.1 1,165.4 1,163.8 1,179.5 1,173.9 1,173.0 1,174.9 1,172.3 1,170.6 -1.7

Accounting and bookkeeping services ........... 1,025.5 1,132.5 1,100.9 1,094.2 926.8 993.3 992.3 991.9 988.7 997.8 9.1

Architectural and engineering services .......... 1,411.6 1,441.5 1,441.4 1,447.8 1,424.6 1,460.4 1,460.5 1,463.0 1,461.0 1,462.1 1.1

Computer systems design and related

services .......................................................... 1,342.1 1,388.8 1,388.6 1,399.5 1,345.4 1,391.4 1,391.6 1,393.5 1,393.1 1,403.3 10.2

Management and technical consulting

services .......................................................... 939.2 982.8 989.9 1,001.4 942.0 994.3 989.2 992.7 998.3 1,004.5 6.2

Management of companies and enterprises ....... 1,835.5 1,832.7 1,831.3 1,831.4 1,839.4 1,847.8 1,845.5 1,844.7 1,842.6 1,841.8 -.8

Administrative and waste services ....................... 8,360.5 8,014.7 8,075.4 8,252.9 8,465.4 8,462.8 8,436.2 8,398.6 8,355.0 8,368.9 13.9

1 Administrative and support services ................. 8,008.9 7,659.6 7,717.8 7,890.7 8,111.6 8,099.3 8,070.8 8,036.1 7,991.2 8,004.3 13.1

1 Employment services ...................................... 3,543.2 3,335.0 3,353.0 3,387.7 3,637.4 3,566.9 3,562.1 3,531.6 3,486.8 3,486.5 -.3

Temporary help services ............................. 2,553.1 2,381.4 2,396.9 2,420.4 2,626.9 2,578.5 2,574.6 2,536.8 2,511.8 2,502.5 -9.3

Business support services .............................. 807.2 798.5 798.7 796.3 806.6 803.7 797.4 796.6 795.5 796.4 .9

Services to buildings and dwellings ............... 1,840.4 1,693.6 1,723.3 1,852.3 1,842.9 1,872.0 1,861.3 1,859.7 1,853.2 1,858.8 5.6

Waste management and remediation services 351.6 355.1 357.6 362.2 353.8 363.5 365.4 362.5 363.8 364.6 .8

Education and health services ................................ 18,369 18,773 18,855 18,926 18,211 18,568 18,617 18,665 18,708 18,760 52

Educational services ............................................. 3,082.4 3,159.9 3,179.6 3,190.0 2,926.3 2,984.5 3,003.4 3,009.6 3,016.8 3,025.9 9.1

Health care and social assistance ........................15,286.7 15,612.7 15,675.6 15,735.8 15,284.9 15,583.2 15,613.6 15,655.0 15,691.1 15,734.4 43.3

3 Health care ......................................................... 12,846.6 13,126.8 13,169.9 13,212.0 12,872.7 13,109.6 13,135.6 13,172.7 13,200.5 13,237.4 36.9

1 Ambulatory health care services .................... 5,431.9 5,579.8 5,601.8 5,629.7 5,438.5 5,566.0 5,581.7 5,600.0 5,614.0 5,635.7 21.7

Offices of physicians .................................... 2,186.8 2,241.9 2,246.3 2,254.9 2,192.2 2,235.6 2,240.8 2,248.2 2,252.0 2,259.6 7.6

Outpatient care centers ................................ 506.3 511.6 511.6 513.9 505.7 513.0 511.5 512.0 511.4 513.4 2.0

Home health care services .......................... 900.5 933.1 940.0 947.9 902.4 930.9 934.7 939.5 943.4 950.1 6.7

Hospitals .......................................................... 4,475.1 4,580.4 4,594.7 4,600.9 4,488.4 4,572.4 4,579.3 4,592.8 4,604.3 4,613.7 9.4

1 Nursing and residential care facilities ............ 2,939.6 2,966.6 2,973.4 2,981.4 2,945.8 2,971.2 2,974.6 2,979.9 2,982.2 2,988.0 5.8

Nursing care facilities ................................... 1,597.1 1,605.4 1,604.4 1,608.9 1,601.4 1,608.2 1,608.8 1,613.3 1,609.1 1,613.3 4.2

1 Social assistance ................................................ 2,440.1 2,485.9 2,505.7 2,523.8 2,412.2 2,473.6 2,478.0 2,482.3 2,490.6 2,497.0 6.4

Child day care services ................................... 865.8 866.1 875.3 882.0 846.5 857.1 859.2 858.6 861.6 862.6 1.0

Leisure and hospitality ............................................. 13,272 13,110 13,299 13,573 13,375 13,635 13,644 13,660 13,677 13,695 18

Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...................... 1,908.2 1,813.2 1,858.5 1,963.1 1,959.3 2,010.3 2,016.1 2,019.1 2,020.7 2,018.5 -2.2

Performing arts and spectator sports ................ 409.0 401.8 408.6 435.8 403.3 429.9 429.5 431.0 432.1 431.0 -1.1

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks ...... 125.5 119.4 123.9 128.1 128.2 131.5 132.6 131.7 132.6 131.5 -1.1

Amusements, gambling, and recreation ........... 1,373.7 1,292.0 1,326.0 1,399.2 1,427.8 1,448.9 1,454.0 1,456.4 1,456.0 1,456.0 .0

Accommodation and food services ...................... 11,364.2 11,296.6 11,440.9 11,610.1 11,415.9 11,624.7 11,628.0 11,640.7 11,656.7 11,676.8 20.1

Accommodation .................................................. 1,810.1 1,774.1 1,792.4 1,805.4 1,855.9 1,858.1 1,854.9 1,854.4 1,851.9 1,854.0 2.1

Food services and drinking places .................... 9,554.1 9,522.5 9,648.5 9,804.7 9,560.0 9,766.6 9,773.1 9,786.3 9,804.8 9,822.8 18.0

Other services .......................................................... 5,490 5,473 5,507 5,532 5,486 5,507 5,508 5,517 5,520 5,527 7

Repair and maintenance .................................... 1,262.4 1,245.7 1,252.8 1,262.6 1,256.3 1,255.5 1,252.9 1,255.2 1,253.4 1,256.7 3.3

Personal and laundry services .......................... 1,312.6 1,289.7 1,303.1 1,315.8 1,305.6 1,306.9 1,306.6 1,306.4 1,308.9 1,308.8 -.1

Membership associations and organizations .... 2,914.7 2,937.8 2,950.9 2,953.9 2,924.2 2,944.4 2,948.9 2,955.6 2,957.9 2,961.6 3.7

Government .............................................................. 22,564 22,694 22,791 22,788 22,161 22,333 22,336 22,362 22,376 22,385 9

Federal ................................................................... 2,719 2,703 2,710 2,722 2,729 2,735 2,717 2,725 2,727 2,731 4

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service ................. 1,958.2 1,968.4 1,976.5 1,987.0 1,964.5 1,972.3 1,977.3 1,982.9 1,986.3 1,990.4 4.1

U.S. Postal Service ............................................ 760.8 734.5 733.7 735.3 764.7 763.1 739.7 741.6 740.8 740.5 -.3

State government .................................................. 5,260 5,279 5,307 5,303 5,117 5,153 5,159 5,158 5,160 5,161 1

State government education .............................. 2,464.5 2,464.2 2,488.4 2,484.4 2,316.0 2,332.5 2,335.1 2,332.9 2,335.0 2,336.2 1.2

State government, excluding education ............ 2,795.7 2,814.9 2,818.6 2,818.7 2,801.2 2,820.9 2,824.0 2,824.9 2,824.9 2,825.0 .1

Local government .................................................. 14,585 14,712 14,774 14,763 14,315 14,445 14,460 14,479 14,489 14,493 4

Local government education ............................. 8,302.5 8,365.1 8,409.9 8,377.4 7,961.8 8,016.5 8,018.0 8,031.9 8,036.9 8,036.2 -.7

Local government, excluding education ........... 6,282.8 6,346.6 6,364.5 6,385.9 6,353.6 6,428.2 6,441.5 6,447.5 6,451.7 6,457.2 5.5

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor

vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing

and residential care facilities.

 

 p= preliminary.

 NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American 

Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and 

tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.

bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Apr. 

2007

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2008p

Change

from:

Mar. 2008-

Apr. 2008p

Total private ....................................... 33.9 33.4 33.8 33.5 33.8 33.8 33.7 33.7 33.8 33.7 -0.1

Goods-producing .......................................... 40.2 39.7 40.4 40.0 40.5 40.5 40.4 40.4 40.5 40.3 -.2

Natural resources and mining .............................. 45.6 45.1 45.7 44.1 45.8 45.8 45.7 45.7 46.2 44.4 -1.8

Construction ............................................................ 38.4 37.5 38.5 38.3 38.9 39.0 38.8 38.7 38.9 38.8 -.1

Manufacturing ......................................................... 41.0 40.7 41.1 40.8 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.2 40.9 -.3

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.7 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 -.1

Durable goods ..................................................... 41.2 41.0 41.4 41.1 41.3 41.3 41.4 41.4 41.4 41.2 -.2

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 -.1

Wood products .................................................. 39.5 37.9 38.2 38.0 39.6 39.2 39.0 39.0 38.5 38.1 -.4

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 42.2 40.7 42.5 41.8 42.3 41.5 42.2 42.1 43.0 42.0 -1.0

Primary metals .................................................. 43.0 42.4 42.9 41.7 43.0 42.2 42.5 42.4 42.8 41.9 -.9

Fabricated metal products .............................. 41.4 41.3 41.7 41.4 41.5 41.6 41.6 41.7 41.7 41.5 -.2

Machinery .......................................................... 42.5 42.8 42.9 42.6 42.5 42.9 43.1 43.0 42.8 42.6 -.2

Computer and electronic products ................ 40.3 40.1 40.9 40.9 40.6 40.5 40.4 40.5 40.9 41.1 .2

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 41.0 40.6 41.1 40.5 41.0 41.6 41.4 41.1 41.2 40.6 -.6

Transportation equipment ............................... 42.4 42.7 42.5 42.0 42.3 42.1 42.6 42.9 42.4 42.0 -.4

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 41.8 42.4 41.9 41.3 41.6 41.6 42.1 42.5 41.7 41.3 -.4

Furniture and related products ....................... 38.6 37.7 38.5 38.5 38.9 39.1 38.3 38.2 38.7 38.8 .1

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 38.5 38.5 39.4 39.4 38.7 38.8 39.0 38.8 39.2 39.4 .2

Nondurable goods ............................................... 40.8 40.1 40.5 40.3 40.9 40.8 40.6 40.6 40.7 40.5 -.2

Overtime hours ............................................ 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.6 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 -.1

Food manufacturing ......................................... 40.1 39.8 40.3 40.2 40.6 40.4 40.5 40.6 40.8 40.7 -.1

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 42.0 39.2 39.7 39.5 41.3 40.8 40.5 40.1 40.0 39.3 -.7

Textile mills ........................................................ 40.4 38.4 38.8 38.3 40.2 40.2 38.7 38.8 38.7 38.3 -.4

Textile product mills ......................................... 39.9 39.1 39.4 38.6 39.9 39.9 38.6 39.3 39.2 38.7 -.5

Apparel ............................................................... 37.3 36.7 37.1 36.8 37.2 37.5 36.7 36.8 36.9 36.7 -.2

Leather and allied products ............................ 37.9 37.9 39.0 38.7 37.7 39.1 38.2 38.2 38.6 38.5 -.1

Paper and paper products .............................. 42.9 43.3 43.4 43.1 43.0 44.0 44.0 43.9 43.7 43.3 -.4

Printing and related support activities ........... 39.3 38.2 38.7 38.3 39.3 38.8 38.4 38.2 38.6 38.4 -.2

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 44.6 42.8 42.8 42.4 44.6 44.0 43.8 43.6 43.4 42.7 -.7

Chemicals .......................................................... 42.3 41.3 41.9 41.6 42.1 41.5 41.6 41.4 41.9 41.5 -.4

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 41.3 40.9 41.0 40.9 41.2 41.4 41.1 41.2 41.1 40.9 -.2

Private service-providing ............................. 32.6 32.1 32.5 32.2 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.3 32.4 32.4 .0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 33.3 32.9 33.3 33.0 33.3 33.3 33.4 33.3 33.4 33.3 -.1

Wholesale trade ................................................... 38.6 37.9 38.6 38.2 38.1 38.3 38.4 38.2 38.4 38.3 -.1

Retail trade ........................................................... 30.1 29.7 30.0 29.7 30.2 30.1 30.2 30.1 30.1 30.1 .0

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 36.8 36.1 36.7 36.5 36.8 36.8 36.6 36.7 36.8 36.9 .1

Utilities ................................................................... 42.5 42.6 43.1 42.7 42.4 42.8 43.1 42.8 43.4 42.6 -.8

Information ............................................................... 36.9 36.0 36.7 36.2 36.6 36.3 36.3 36.2 36.5 36.4 -.1

Financial activities .................................................. 36.6 35.7 36.2 35.7 35.9 35.8 35.8 35.8 35.8 35.9 .1

Professional and business services .................... 35.1 34.4 35.1 34.7 34.7 34.8 34.7 34.6 34.8 34.7 -.1

Education and health services ............................. 32.7 32.5 32.7 32.4 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.6 -.1

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 25.7 24.9 25.3 25.2 25.6 25.3 25.3 25.3 25.3 25.4 .1

Other services ......................................................... 31.0 30.6 30.9 30.7 31.0 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.9 30.8 -.1

1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining

and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and

nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries.

These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the

total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, motor

vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the

basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by

industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See

http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and 

selected industry detail

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

 Apr. 

2007

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2007

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2008p

Total private ....................................... $17.36 $17.85 $17.93 $17.90 $588.50 $596.19 $606.03 $599.65

Seasonally adjusted ..................... 17.29 17.81 17.87 17.88 584.40 600.20 604.01 602.56

Goods-producing .......................................... 18.51 18.94 19.04 19.03 744.10 751.92 769.22 761.20

Natural resources and mining .............................. 20.94 21.87 22.25 21.66 954.86 986.34 1,016.83 955.21

Construction ............................................................ 20.64 21.35 21.44 21.48 792.58 800.63 825.44 822.68

Manufacturing ......................................................... 17.21 17.55 17.60 17.58 705.61 714.29 723.36 717.26

Durable goods ..................................................... 18.11 18.50 18.53 18.50 746.13 758.50 767.14 760.35

Wood products .................................................. 13.59 13.82 13.91 13.98 536.81 523.78 531.36 531.24

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 16.82 16.86 16.78 17.15 709.80 686.20 713.15 716.87

Primary metals .................................................. 19.72 19.99 20.21 20.07 847.96 847.58 867.01 836.92

Fabricated metal products .............................. 16.41 16.78 16.86 16.77 679.37 693.01 703.06 694.28

Machinery .......................................................... 17.71 17.81 17.87 17.94 752.68 762.27 766.62 764.24

Computer and electronic products ................ 19.77 20.60 20.81 20.87 796.73 826.06 851.13 853.58

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 15.99 15.73 15.66 15.67 655.59 638.64 643.63 634.64

Transportation equipment ............................... 22.90 23.48 23.47 23.35 970.96 1,002.60 997.48 980.70

Furniture and related products ....................... 14.38 14.37 14.42 14.35 555.07 541.75 555.17 552.48

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 14.39 14.95 15.04 14.94 554.02 575.58 592.58 588.64

Nondurable goods ............................................... 15.66 15.93 16.01 16.01 638.93 638.79 648.41 645.20

Food manufacturing ......................................... 13.49 13.74 13.82 13.81 540.95 546.85 556.95 555.16

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 18.43 19.64 19.60 19.21 774.06 769.89 778.12 758.80

Textile mills ........................................................ 13.00 13.35 13.45 13.76 525.20 512.64 521.86 527.01

Textile product mills ......................................... 11.72 11.62 11.80 11.77 467.63 454.34 464.92 454.32

Apparel ............................................................... 10.92 11.46 11.25 11.39 407.32 420.58 417.38 419.15

Leather and allied products ............................ 11.88 12.68 12.81 12.65 450.25 480.57 499.59 489.56

Paper and paper products .............................. 18.48 18.61 18.70 18.62 792.79 805.81 811.58 802.52

Printing and related support activities ........... 16.01 16.49 16.67 16.71 629.19 629.92 645.13 639.99

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 25.11 26.51 27.25 26.93 1,119.91 1,134.63 1,166.30 1,141.83

Chemicals .......................................................... 19.72 19.40 19.34 19.30 834.16 801.22 810.35 802.88

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 15.35 15.58 15.73 15.79 633.96 637.22 644.93 645.81

Private service-providing ............................. 17.07 17.58 17.66 17.62 556.48 564.32 573.95 567.36

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 15.79 16.08 16.15 16.17 525.81 529.03 537.80 533.61

Wholesale trade ................................................... 19.54 20.03 20.05 20.00 754.24 759.14 773.93 764.00

Retail trade ........................................................... 12.82 12.82 12.90 12.98 385.88 380.75 387.00 385.51

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 17.53 18.14 18.18 18.12 645.10 654.85 667.21 661.38

Utilities ................................................................... 27.82 28.61 28.82 28.53 1,182.35 1,218.79 1,242.14 1,218.23

Information ............................................................... 23.95 24.44 24.58 24.59 883.76 879.84 902.09 890.16

Financial activities .................................................. 19.65 20.07 20.18 20.16 719.19 716.50 730.52 719.71

Professional and business services .................... 20.12 20.77 20.96 20.83 706.21 714.49 735.70 722.80

Education and health services ............................. 17.92 18.58 18.61 18.67 585.98 603.85 608.55 604.91

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 10.31 10.82 10.80 10.77 264.97 269.42 273.24 271.40

Other services ......................................................... 15.43 15.78 15.85 15.82 478.33 482.87 489.77 485.67

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the

basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by

industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See

http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector 

and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total Private:

 Apr. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2008p

Percent

change from:

Mar. 2008-

Apr. 2008 p

Current dollars ................................................ $17.29 $17.70 $17.75 $17.81 $17.87 $17.88 0.1

Constant (1982) dollars 2................................. 8.33 8.27 8.26 8.29 8.28 N.A.

Goods-producing .......................................................... 18.56 18.90 18.98 19.04 19.12 19.08 -.2

Natural resources and mining .............................................. 20.78 21.54 21.75 21.69 22.01 21.51 -2.3

Construction ............................................................................ 20.76 21.30 21.38 21.47 21.57 21.60 .1

Manufacturing ......................................................................... 17.20 17.41 17.49 17.55 17.61 17.57 -.2

.....................................................

4 Excluding overtime 16.36 16.60 16.68 16.74 16.79 16.77 -.1

Durable goods ..................................................................... 18.13 18.33 18.41 18.49 18.54 18.52 -.1

Nondurable goods ............................................................... 15.62 15.86 15.92 15.94 16.03 15.97 -.4

Private service-providing ............................................. 16.96 17.39 17.44 17.50 17.55 17.58 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................................... 15.66 16.00 16.02 16.07 16.11 16.12 .1

Wholesale trade ................................................................... 19.39 19.93 19.97 20.00 20.03 20.05 .1

Retail trade ........................................................................... 12.71 12.81 12.80 12.84 12.87 12.90 .2

Transportation and warehousing ...................................... 17.57 18.07 18.10 18.21 18.22 18.18 -.2

Utilities ................................................................................... 27.64 28.52 28.61 28.58 28.70 28.39 -1.1

Information ............................................................................... 23.84 24.18 24.33 24.41 24.54 24.55 .0

Financial activities .................................................................. 19.56 19.91 20.00 20.05 20.10 20.12 .1

Professional and business services .................................... 19.96 20.46 20.53 20.63 20.75 20.82 .3

Education and health services ............................................. 17.90 18.48 18.54 18.59 18.61 18.67 .3

Leisure and hospitality ........................................................... 10.30 10.65 10.67 10.73 10.76 10.77 .1

Other services ......................................................................... 15.29 15.71 15.74 15.76 15.78 15.78 .0

3( )

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical

Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.

3 Change was -0.1 percent from Feb. 2008 to Mar. 2008, the latest

month available.

4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate

of time and one-half.

N.A. = not available.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the

basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by

industry, replacing NAICS 2002. See

http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Apr. 

2007

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2008p

Percent

change from:

Mar. 2008-

Apr. 2008p

Total private ....................................... 106.7 104.5 106.3 106.1 106.8 107.8 107.4 107.3 107.6 107.2 -0.4

Goods-producing .......................................... 99.7 94.9 96.9 96.4 101.5 100.6 100.1 99.6 99.5 98.3 -1.2

Natural resources and mining .............................. 129.9 130.4 134.3 129.8 132.2 135.6 136.0 135.8 138.5 132.4 -4.4

Construction ............................................................ 110.3 99.5 103.2 104.5 114.5 112.7 111.4 110.3 110.4 108.7 -1.5

Manufacturing ......................................................... 93.7 91.5 92.3 91.4 94.2 93.7 93.6 93.2 93.1 92.0 -1.2

Durable goods ..................................................... 97.0 94.6 95.4 94.4 97.2 96.5 96.6 96.1 95.7 94.7 -1.0

Wood products .................................................. 90.1 80.1 80.5 80.5 91.3 86.9 85.7 84.9 83.0 81.8 -1.4

Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... 95.9 88.8 93.9 93.4 96.8 94.4 96.8 95.7 97.5 94.7 -2.9

Primary metals .................................................. 92.5 90.3 91.5 89.5 92.1 89.6 90.3 89.9 91.2 89.6 -1.8

Fabricated metal products .............................. 103.7 103.2 104.4 102.6 104.1 104.8 104.9 104.6 104.4 102.9 -1.4

Machinery .......................................................... 102.5 104.7 105.0 104.3 102.5 105.0 105.8 105.4 104.8 104.3 -.5

Computer and electronic products ................ 101.1 100.4 102.8 102.6 102.2 101.7 101.5 101.8 103.0 103.4 .4

Electrical equipment and appliances ............ 88.4 86.4 87.8 86.7 88.5 89.2 88.5 87.8 88.2 87.1 -1.2

Transportation equipment ............................... 98.2 95.5 93.7 91.7 97.3 95.2 95.8 95.9 93.3 91.2 -2.3

Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. 87.4 82.0 78.9 76.2 85.9 81.6 81.9 82.0 78.2 75.4 -3.6

Furniture and related products ....................... 86.4 79.1 80.5 80.0 86.7 84.2 82.0 80.9 81.2 80.6 -.7

Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 90.5 88.7 90.7 90.4 91.0 91.0 91.2 89.5 90.5 90.5 .0

Nondurable goods ............................................... 88.6 86.3 87.3 86.6 89.7 89.3 88.7 88.4 88.5 87.9 -.7

Food manufacturing ......................................... 96.6 97.0 98.2 97.5 100.2 101.0 101.0 101.1 101.6 101.2 -.4

Beverages and tobacco products .................. 103.7 82.3 84.6 85.1 104.8 92.3 89.4 87.1 88.8 86.9 -2.1

Textile mills ........................................................ 57.5 51.1 51.3 48.9 57.3 53.8 51.7 51.6 50.7 49.0 -3.4

Textile product mills ......................................... 79.5 72.6 74.6 74.1 79.1 76.4 72.7 73.5 74.1 73.5 -.8

Apparel ............................................................... 62.2 57.0 57.1 56.8 62.1 60.3 58.2 57.8 56.9 56.6 -.5

Leather and allied products ............................ 68.1 69.3 71.4 72.1 67.5 71.5 71.9 70.4 70.1 71.5 2.0

Paper and paper products .............................. 84.9 85.8 86.2 85.8 85.8 87.9 87.9 87.4 87.3 86.8 -.6

Printing and related support activities ........... 91.7 88.5 90.1 88.5 92.1 90.6 90.2 89.1 90.0 89.2 -.9

Petroleum and coal products .......................... 92.0 93.0 92.2 93.8 93.1 95.1 96.8 98.2 96.5 95.5 -1.0

Chemicals .......................................................... 94.4 95.0 96.9 96.2 93.9 95.6 96.0 95.5 96.9 95.9 -1.0

Plastics and rubber products .......................... 91.3 88.1 87.9 87.3 91.0 90.1 89.0 89.1 88.2 87.3 -1.0

Private service-providing ............................. 108.7 107.0 108.9 108.7 108.3 109.7 109.7 109.3 109.7 109.8 .1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 103.3 101.8 103.4 102.6 104.2 105.1 105.3 104.8 105.0 104.5 -.5

Wholesale trade ................................................... 109.3 108.6 111.1 110.1 108.1 111.1 111.3 110.6 111.2 110.8 -.4

Retail trade ........................................................... 99.9 97.5 98.8 97.8 101.5 101.4 101.6 100.9 100.7 100.5 -.2

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 108.0 106.3 108.5 108.5 108.6 109.5 108.9 109.5 109.9 110.3 .4

Utilities ................................................................... 95.7 96.6 98.1 97.7 95.8 97.5 98.7 97.7 99.3 97.6 -1.7

Information ............................................................... 100.9 98.7 100.8 99.2 100.2 99.7 99.9 99.6 100.3 99.9 -.4

Financial activities .................................................. 110.3 107.2 108.8 107.5 108.6 108.2 108.2 108.2 108.2 108.5 .3

Professional and business services .................... 115.7 112.6 115.2 115.4 114.7 116.7 116.1 115.5 115.8 115.8 .0

Education and health services ............................. 113.1 115.1 116.3 115.7 111.8 114.1 114.5 114.8 115.4 115.4 .0

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 110.3 105.2 108.6 110.7 110.8 111.6 111.6 111.8 111.9 112.6 .6

Other services ......................................................... 99.4 97.9 99.5 99.4 99.4 99.2 99.3 99.5 99.9 99.6 -.3

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and

motor vehicle parts.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by

dividing the current months estimates of aggregate hours by

the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours

estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours

and production and nonsupervisory worker employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and

selected industry detail

(2002=100)

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

 Apr. 

2007

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2007

 Dec. 

2007

 Jan. 

2008

 Feb. 

2008

 Mar. 

2008p

 Apr. 

2008p

Percent

change from:

Mar. 2008-

Apr. 2008p

Total private ....................................... 123.8 124.6 127.3 126.8 123.4 127.5 127.4 127.7 128.4 128.1 -0.2

Goods-producing .......................................... 113.0 110.1 113.0 112.3 115.4 116.5 116.4 116.1 116.5 114.8 -1.5

Natural resources and mining .............................. 158.2 165.8 173.8 163.5 159.7 169.8 172.0 171.2 177.2 165.6 -6.5

Construction ............................................................ 123.0 114.7 119.5 121.2 128.3 129.6 128.6 127.9 128.5 126.8 -1.3

Manufacturing ......................................................... 105.4 105.0 106.3 105.1 106.0 106.7 107.1 107.0 107.2 105.7 -1.4

Durable goods ..................................................... 109.7 109.3 110.3 109.0 110.0 110.4 111.1 111.0 110.8 109.5 -1.2

Nondurable goods ............................................... 98.1 97.2 98.7 98.0 99.0 100.0 99.8 99.6 100.3 99.2 -1.1

Private service-providing ............................. 127.2 129.0 131.9 131.4 126.0 130.8 131.2 131.2 132.0 132.3 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 116.4 116.7 119.1 118.3 116.4 119.9 120.3 120.1 120.7 120.2 -.4

Wholesale trade ................................................... 125.8 128.2 131.2 129.7 123.5 130.4 130.9 130.3 131.3 130.8 -.4

Retail trade ........................................................... 109.7 107.1 109.3 108.8 110.6 111.3 111.4 111.0 111.1 111.1 .0

Transportation and warehousing ...................... 120.1 122.3 125.1 124.8 121.0 125.5 125.1 126.4 127.0 127.2 .2

Utilities ................................................................... 111.2 115.3 118.0 116.3 110.5 116.1 117.8 116.5 119.0 115.7 -2.8

Information ............................................................... 119.6 119.4 122.7 120.8 118.3 119.4 120.3 120.3 121.8 121.4 -.3

Financial activities .................................................. 134.0 133.0 135.8 133.9 131.4 133.2 133.8 134.1 134.5 135.0 .4

Professional and business services .................... 138.5 139.2 143.7 143.0 136.3 142.1 141.8 141.8 143.0 143.5 .3

Education and health services ............................. 133.2 140.5 142.3 142.0 131.5 138.6 139.5 140.3 141.2 141.7 .4

Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 129.2 129.3 133.2 135.4 129.7 135.0 135.2 136.2 136.7 137.7 .7

Other services ......................................................... 111.8 112.5 114.9 114.6 110.7 113.6 113.9 114.2 114.8 114.5 -.3

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated

by dividing the current months estimates of aggregate payrolls

by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate

payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory

worker employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis

for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry,

replacing NAICS 2002. See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm

for more details.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change

(Percent)

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 274 industries

Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries

1

1

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Over 1-month span:

Over 3-month span:

Over 6-month span:

Over 12-month span:

Time span

2004 ......................................................... 50.5 50.5 64.1 62.6 61.7 58.9 56.0 50.0 56.9 56.9 51.3 51.8

2005 ......................................................... 52.2 60.6 54.2 58.2 55.8 58.2 58.0 61.3 54.7 53.6 62.4 54.7

2006 ......................................................... 65.1 60.9 64.4 59.3 53.3 52.7 60.4 58.9 53.5 55.8 57.1 56.0

2007 ......................................................... 51.6 51.8 52.7 51.1 56.6 50.4 52.2 51.6 56.4 54.6 48.2 48.5

2008 ......................................................... 45.4 41.4 p 48.0 p 45.4

2004 ......................................................... 54.4 52.9 57.3 63.5 68.8 66.6 61.3 56.4 57.7 59.5 61.9 54.6

2005 ......................................................... 52.2 55.5 57.5 60.8 58.9 61.9 60.4 63.9 61.1 54.4 54.9 61.3

2006 ......................................................... 67.2 66.2 66.6 65.5 60.6 58.2 56.0 58.9 55.7 56.4 57.1 58.4

2007 ......................................................... 58.4 54.7 55.3 54.7 56.2 53.3 53.1 54.7 58.4 56.8 54.7 52.4

2008 ......................................................... 46.7 42.7 p 41.4 p 42.9

2004 ......................................................... 50.0 51.6 55.3 60.9 63.7 65.1 65.1 63.9 60.4 61.7 58.2 56.0

2005 ......................................................... 54.6 57.3 56.8 57.5 57.5 58.2 64.4 62.8 62.0 59.3 61.5 62.0

2006 ......................................................... 63.1 64.4 67.2 67.0 64.4 66.4 61.5 61.7 60.4 59.7 60.8 56.0

2007 ......................................................... 59.1 56.4 57.5 56.8 58.8 58.2 56.2 58.0 58.2 57.1 54.6 53.8

2008 ......................................................... 51.5 49.8 p 44.9 p 46.5

2004 ......................................................... 40.5 42.3 45.1 48.9 51.3 58.2 57.5 55.7 57.3 58.8 60.6 60.8

2005 ......................................................... 60.6 60.8 59.7 58.9 58.0 60.0 60.9 63.3 60.4 58.9 59.5 61.7

2006 ......................................................... 67.2 65.1 65.5 62.6 64.8 66.4 64.4 64.4 66.2 65.1 64.4 65.5

2007 ......................................................... 62.6 59.1 60.4 58.9 59.5 58.4 57.5 58.8 61.7 60.4 59.9 57.7

2008 ......................................................... 53.8 54.6 p 51.8 p 49.8

2004 ......................................................... 43.5 47.6 47.0 63.7 50.6 51.2 58.3 42.9 42.9 48.2 42.3 39.9

2005 ......................................................... 36.3 48.8 42.9 44.6 42.3 35.1 38.1 47.0 45.8 46.4 47.0 47.0

2006 ......................................................... 57.7 45.8 54.8 48.8 38.1 53.0 50.6 44.0 36.3 40.5 38.1 39.3

2007 ......................................................... 47.6 35.7 30.4 29.8 37.5 39.3 41.7 33.3 40.5 45.2 44.6 36.3

2008 ......................................................... 40.5 28.6 p 39.3 p 35.1

2004 ......................................................... 41.1 40.5 43.5 56.5 58.9 61.3 57.7 47.0 46.4 41.7 44.6 38.7

2005 ......................................................... 38.1 39.3 42.3 44.6 36.3 37.5 33.3 39.9 45.8 41.7 38.7 49.4

2006 ......................................................... 54.8 52.4 47.6 48.8 44.6 50.6 42.9 47.6 36.3 37.5 32.1 34.5

2007 ......................................................... 33.9 28.6 32.1 27.4 29.8 32.7 31.0 34.5 32.1 39.3 44.0 41.7

2008 ......................................................... 35.7 27.4 p 28.0 p 25.6

2004 ......................................................... 29.2 31.5 32.7 44.6 49.4 54.8 59.5 56.0 51.2 51.8 44.0 38.7

2005 ......................................................... 33.9 38.1 35.1 36.9 32.1 32.1 41.7 35.7 36.3 36.9 37.5 42.3

2006 ......................................................... 42.9 45.2 50.6 47.6 48.2 47.6 46.4 48.8 43.5 41.7 38.7 29.8

2007 ......................................................... 34.5 27.4 23.8 27.4 31.5 34.5 33.3 31.0 29.2 35.1 34.5 32.7

2008 ......................................................... 34.5 33.9 p 33.3 p 33.9

2004 ......................................................... 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.9 44.0 44.6 44.6

2005 ......................................................... 44.6 43.5 41.7 40.5 36.3 35.1 32.1 33.9 32.7 33.3 33.3 38.1

2006 ......................................................... 44.6 40.5 40.5 39.3 39.3 44.6 41.7 42.3 46.4 48.2 45.2 44.0

2007 ......................................................... 39.3 36.3 36.9 28.6 29.8 26.2 26.8 29.2 30.4 29.8 33.3 33.9

2008 ......................................................... 29.8 29.8 p 29.2 p 26.2

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and

unadjusted data for the 12-month span.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing

plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where

50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing

and decreasing employment.

Data reflect the conversion to the 2007 version of the North American

Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment

and tabulation of economic data by industry, replacing NAICS 2002.

See http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm for more details.