Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-18-1110 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, July 6, 2018

Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — JUNE 2018 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 213,000 in June, and the unemployment rate rose to 

4.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job growth occurred in professional and 

business services, manufacturing, and health care, while retail trade lost jobs. 

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate rose by 0.2 percentage point to 4.0 percent in June, and the number of 

unemployed persons increased by 499,000 to 6.6 million. A year earlier, the jobless rate was 4.3 

percent, and the number of unemployed persons was 7.0 million. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.7 percent), adult women 

(3.7 percent), and Asians (3.2 percent) increased in June. The jobless rate for teenagers (12.6 percent), 

Whites (3.5 percent), Blacks (6.5 percent), and Hispanics (4.6 percent) showed little or no change over 

the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

increased by 211,000 in June to 3.1 million, and the number of reentrants to the labor force rose by 
-2- 

204,000 to 2.1 million. (Reentrants are persons who previously worked but were not in the labor force 

prior to beginning their job search.) (See table A-11.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) increased by 289,000 in 

June to 1.5 million. These individuals accounted for 23.0 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.) 

In June, the civilian labor force grew by 601,000. The labor force participation rate edged up by 0.2 

percentage point over the month to 62.9 percent but has shown no clear trend thus far this year. (See 

table A-1.) 

The employment-population ratio, at 60.4 percent, was unchanged in June and has essentially been flat 

since February. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was little changed in June at 4.7 million. These individuals, who would 

have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or 

they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

In June, 1.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little different from a year 

earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and 

were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 359,000 discouraged workers in June, down by 155,000 

from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently 

looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 million persons 

marginally attached to the labor force in June had not searched for work for reasons such as school 

attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 213,000 in June and has grown by 2.4 million over 

the last 12 months. Over the month, job gains occurred in professional and business services, 

manufacturing, and health care, while employment in retail trade declined. (See table B-1.) 

Employment in professional and business services increased by 50,000 in June and has risen by 

521,000 over the year.

Manufacturing added 36,000 jobs in June. Durable goods manufacturing accounted for nearly all of the 

increase, including job gains in fabricated metal products (+7,000), computer and electronic products 

(+5,000), and primary metals (+3,000). Motor vehicles and parts also added jobs over the month 

(+12,000), after declining by 8,000 in May. Over the past year, manufacturing has added 285,000 jobs. 

Employment in health care rose by 25,000 in June and has increased by 309,000 over the year. 

Hospitals added 11,000 jobs over the month, and employment in ambulatory health care services 

continued to trend up (+14,000). 
-3- 

Construction employment continued to trend up in June (+13,000) and has increased by 282,000 over 

the year.

Mining employment continued on an upward trend in June (+5,000). The industry has added 95,000 

jobs since a recent low point in October 2016, almost entirely in support activities for mining.

In June, retail trade lost 22,000 jobs, largely offsetting a gain in May (+25,000). 

Employment showed little or no change over the month in other major industries, including wholesale 

trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, leisure and hospitality, 

and government. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.5 hours in 

June. In manufacturing, the workweek edged up by 0.1 hour to 40.9 hours, and overtime edged up by 0.1 

hour to 3.5 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private 

nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In June, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 5 cents to 

$26.98. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 72 cents, or 2.7 percent. Average 

hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 4 cents to 

$22.62 in June. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for April was revised up from +159,000 to +175,000, 

and the change for May was revised up from +223,000 to +244,000. With these revisions, employment 

gains in April and May combined were 37,000 more than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result 

from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published 

estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have averaged 

211,000 per month over the last 3 months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for July is scheduled to be released on Friday, August 3, 2018, at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT). 

2018 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to the Establishment Survey Data will be 

Released on August 22, 2018 

Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts of 

employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month 

of March. These counts are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records that 

nearly all employers are required to file. On August 22, 2018, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT), the 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the preliminary estimate of the upcoming 

annual benchmark revision. This is the same day the first-quarter 2018 data from QCEW 

will be issued. Preliminary benchmark revisions for all major industry sectors, as well as 

total nonfarm and total private levels, will be available on the BLS website at 

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm. 

The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2019 

Employment Situation news release in February 2019. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

Change from:

May 2018-

June 2018

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 254,957 257,272 257,454 257,642 188

Civilian labor force........................................................... 160,214 161,527 161,539 162,140 601

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.8 62.8 62.7 62.9 0.2

Employed................................................................... 153,250 155,181 155,474 155,576 102

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.1 60.3 60.4 60.4 0.0

Unemployed............................................................... 6,964 6,346 6,065 6,564 499

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.3 3.9 3.8 4.0 0.2

Not in labor force............................................................ 94,743 95,745 95,915 95,502 -413

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.3 3.9 3.8 4.0 0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.7 0.2

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.0 3.5 3.3 3.7 0.4

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 13.3 12.9 12.8 12.6 -0.2

White.......................................................................... 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.5 0.0

Black or African American.................................................. 7.1 6.6 5.9 6.5 0.6

Asian.......................................................................... 3.6 2.8 2.1 3.2 1.1

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.6 -0.3

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.6 3.3 3.0 3.3 0.3

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 6.5 5.9 5.4 5.5 0.1

High school graduates, no college........................................ 4.6 4.3 3.9 4.2 0.3

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.3 0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.3 0.3

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,447 2,958 2,854 3,065 211

Job leavers...................................................................... 816 815 852 811 -41

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,055 2,009 1,882 2,086 204

New entrants.................................................................... 680 623 571 578 7

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,301 2,115 2,034 2,227 193

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,942 2,017 1,945 1,882 -63

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 937 1,036 977 836 -141

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,715 1,293 1,189 1,478 289

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 5,264 4,985 4,948 4,743 -205

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,263 2,994 3,004 3,042 38

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,711 1,586 1,480 1,447 -33

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,813 21,258 21,095 21,304 209

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,582 1,362 1,455 1,437 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 514 408 378 359 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 175 244 213

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 174 239 202

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 52 51 53

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8 3 4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 16 29 13

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 28 19 36

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 22 13 32

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.2 -8.0 12.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 6 6 4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 122 188 149

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 -9.8 5.7 2.9

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 -2.4 25.1 -21.6

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 2.4 17.6 15.4

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 1.3 -1.4 -0.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 0 0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3 17 8

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 59 43 50

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 17.8 -4.7 9.3

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 38 40 54

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.5 32.3 34.9 34.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 14 28 25

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 14 13 16

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1 5 11

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 218 191 211

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 216 189 205

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 49.6 49.6 49.7

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 48.2 48.2 48.3

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.26 $26.86 $26.93 $26.98

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $903.34 $926.67 $929.09 $930.81

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.3 109.2 109.4 109.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.6 140.2 140.9 141.4

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 62.4 69.8 65.5

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 62.5 66.4 65.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 149,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 651,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

June

2017

May

2018

June

2018

June

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,957 257,454 257,642 254,957 256,934 257,097 257,272 257,454 257,642

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,337 161,765 163,277 160,214 161,921 161,763 161,527 161,539 162,140

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 62.8 63.4 62.8 63.0 62.9 62.8 62.7 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,086 156,009 156,465 153,250 155,215 155,178 155,181 155,474 155,576

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.4 60.6 60.7 60.1 60.4 60.4 60.3 60.4 60.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,250 5,756 6,812 6,964 6,706 6,585 6,346 6,065 6,564

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 3.6 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,621 95,689 94,365 94,743 95,012 95,335 95,745 95,915 95,502

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,725 5,696 5,654 5,379 5,131 5,096 5,115 5,183 5,258

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,215 124,509 124,604 123,215 124,250 124,331 124,418 124,509 124,604

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,970 86,309 86,988 85,027 86,267 86,169 86,152 86,157 86,056

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 69.3 69.8 69.0 69.4 69.3 69.2 69.2 69.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,230 83,103 83,414 81,325 82,685 82,630 82,611 82,784 82,522

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 66.7 66.9 66.0 66.5 66.5 66.4 66.5 66.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,740 3,206 3,573 3,702 3,582 3,539 3,541 3,373 3,534

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.7 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,245 38,201 37,616 38,188 37,983 38,162 38,266 38,352 38,548

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,721 116,017 116,115 114,721 115,748 115,832 115,921 116,017 116,115

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,394 83,458 83,470 82,022 83,309 83,200 83,199 83,234 83,115

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 71.9 71.9 71.5 72.0 71.8 71.8 71.7 71.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,267 80,698 80,498 78,753 80,213 80,113 80,111 80,329 80,013

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 69.6 69.3 68.6 69.3 69.2 69.1 69.2 68.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,126 2,761 2,972 3,269 3,096 3,087 3,088 2,905 3,102

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.3 3.6 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,327 32,559 32,645 32,699 32,440 32,632 32,723 32,783 33,001

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,742 132,944 133,038 131,742 132,684 132,766 132,853 132,944 133,038

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,366 75,456 76,289 75,188 75,654 75,594 75,375 75,382 76,084

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 56.8 57.3 57.1 57.0 56.9 56.7 56.7 57.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,856 72,907 73,051 71,925 72,530 72,548 72,569 72,690 73,054

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.5 54.8 54.9 54.6 54.7 54.6 54.6 54.7 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,510 2,549 3,238 3,262 3,124 3,046 2,805 2,692 3,030

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 3.4 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.6 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,376 57,488 56,749 56,555 57,030 57,172 57,479 57,562 56,954

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,480 124,674 124,771 123,480 124,407 124,491 124,579 124,674 124,771

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,844 72,599 72,848 72,187 72,565 72,610 72,498 72,493 73,139

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 58.2 58.4 58.5 58.3 58.3 58.2 58.1 58.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,855 70,341 70,045 69,289 69,828 69,916 69,992 70,077 70,419

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 56.4 56.1 56.1 56.1 56.2 56.2 56.2 56.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,989 2,258 2,802 2,898 2,737 2,695 2,506 2,415 2,720

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.1 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,637 52,075 51,924 51,294 51,842 51,880 52,081 52,181 51,633

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,756 16,763 16,755 16,756 16,778 16,774 16,771 16,763 16,755

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,099 5,707 6,959 6,006 6,048 5,952 5,831 5,812 5,886

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.4 34.0 41.5 35.8 36.0 35.5 34.8 34.7 35.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,964 4,970 5,921 5,209 5,174 5,149 5,078 5,068 5,144

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.6 29.7 35.3 31.1 30.8 30.7 30.3 30.2 30.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,135 737 1,038 797 874 803 752 745 743

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 12.9 14.9 13.3 14.4 13.5 12.9 12.8 12.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,657 11,056 9,797 10,750 10,731 10,822 10,941 10,951 10,869

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

June

2017

May

2018

June

2018

June

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198,872 200,039 200,132 198,872 199,799 199,871 199,950 200,039 200,132

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,770 125,848 126,669 124,847 125,930 125,714 125,731 125,688 125,784

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 62.9 63.3 62.8 63.0 62.9 62.9 62.8 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,768 121,788 121,964 120,121 121,274 121,236 121,233 121,303 121,347

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 60.9 60.9 60.4 60.7 60.7 60.6 60.6 60.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,002 4,060 4,706 4,726 4,656 4,478 4,498 4,385 4,437

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.2 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,102 74,191 73,463 74,025 73,869 74,157 74,219 74,350 74,348

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,494 66,049 66,109 65,223 65,948 65,928 65,982 65,890 65,855

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.0 72.1 72.2 71.7 72.1 72.1 72.1 72.0 71.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,269 64,113 64,037 62,897 63,683 63,734 63,746 63,785 63,695

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.6 70.0 69.9 69.2 69.6 69.7 69.7 69.7 69.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,225 1,936 2,072 2,325 2,265 2,194 2,235 2,106 2,159

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 2.9 3.1 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,775 55,277 55,195 55,025 55,243 55,176 55,179 55,197 55,420

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 57.5 57.4 57.5 57.5 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,765 53,681 53,265 53,123 53,448 53,385 53,429 53,450 53,608

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 55.8 55.4 55.6 55.7 55.6 55.6 55.6 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,010 1,595 1,930 1,902 1,795 1,791 1,750 1,747 1,812

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 2.9 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,501 4,522 5,365 4,599 4,738 4,610 4,570 4,601 4,510

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.6 36.7 43.6 37.3 38.4 37.4 37.1 37.3 36.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,733 3,994 4,662 4,100 4,143 4,117 4,057 4,068 4,044

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.4 32.4 37.9 33.2 33.6 33.4 32.9 33.0 32.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 528 703 499 595 492 512 533 466

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 11.7 13.1 10.8 12.6 10.7 11.2 11.6 10.3

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,226 32,704 32,737 32,226 32,607 32,638 32,672 32,704 32,737

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,132 20,292 20,546 19,976 20,495 20,466 20,220 20,296 20,364

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.0 62.8 62.0 62.9 62.7 61.9 62.1 62.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,686 19,145 19,194 18,566 19,087 19,051 18,892 19,092 19,045

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 58.5 58.6 57.6 58.5 58.4 57.8 58.4 58.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,446 1,147 1,352 1,409 1,408 1,415 1,328 1,204 1,319

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 5.7 6.6 7.1 6.9 6.9 6.6 5.9 6.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,094 12,412 12,190 12,251 12,112 12,172 12,452 12,408 12,373

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,179 9,407 9,274 9,066 9,438 9,314 9,257 9,382 9,162

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.2 68.7 67.6 67.4 69.2 68.2 67.7 68.5 66.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,628 8,840 8,702 8,496 8,880 8,749 8,663 8,792 8,573

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 64.6 63.5 63.2 65.1 64.1 63.3 64.2 62.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 567 572 570 558 564 594 590 589

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.3 5.9 6.1 6.4 6.3 6.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,080 10,207 10,364 10,145 10,254 10,337 10,229 10,233 10,406

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 61.8 62.7 62.4 62.3 62.7 62.0 62.0 63.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,408 9,757 9,803 9,457 9,622 9,713 9,707 9,754 9,838

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 59.1 59.3 58.2 58.5 59.0 58.9 59.1 59.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672 450 561 688 632 624 522 479 568

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 4.4 5.4 6.8 6.2 6.0 5.1 4.7 5.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 678 908 765 803 816 734 681 796

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 27.1 36.3 30.4 32.0 32.6 29.3 27.3 31.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 548 689 613 584 588 521 547 635

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9 21.9 27.6 24.4 23.3 23.5 20.8 21.9 25.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 130 219 151 219 227 213 135 162

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 19.2 24.1 19.8 27.2 27.9 29.0 19.8 20.3

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

June

2017

May

2018

June

2018

June

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,367 15,874 15,934 15,367 15,792 15,983 15,933 15,874 15,934

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,848 9,932 10,207 9,788 9,908 10,092 10,034 9,932 10,140

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 62.6 64.1 63.7 62.7 63.1 63.0 62.6 63.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,472 9,732 9,858 9,437 9,617 9,780 9,755 9,720 9,817

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.6 61.3 61.9 61.4 60.9 61.2 61.2 61.2 61.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 201 349 351 291 313 280 212 322

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 2.0 3.4 3.6 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.1 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,519 5,941 5,727 5,579 5,884 5,891 5,898 5,942 5,794

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

June

2017

May

2018

June

2018

June

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 41,323 42,592 42,679 41,323 42,335 42,419 42,507 42,592 42,679

Civilian labor force................................ 27,419 28,209 28,515 27,287 28,021 27,922 28,229 28,205 28,369

Participation rate............................... 66.4 66.2 66.8 66.0 66.2 65.8 66.4 66.2 66.5

Employed....................................... 26,076 26,954 27,209 25,966 26,646 26,500 26,860 26,827 27,077

Employment-population ratio............... 63.1 63.3 63.8 62.8 62.9 62.5 63.2 63.0 63.4

Unemployed.................................... 1,343 1,255 1,306 1,321 1,375 1,421 1,368 1,378 1,292

Unemployment rate......................... 4.9 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.9 4.6

Not in labor force................................. 13,904 14,383 14,164 14,036 14,315 14,497 14,278 14,387 14,310

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,990 15,444 15,578 14,978 15,319 15,370 15,535 15,444 15,557

Participation rate............................... 80.6 80.3 80.9 80.5 80.2 80.3 81.0 80.3 80.8

Employed....................................... 14,473 14,903 15,035 14,410 14,723 14,688 14,901 14,845 14,961

Employment-population ratio............... 77.8 77.5 78.0 77.5 77.1 76.7 77.7 77.2 77.7

Unemployed.................................... 518 541 544 568 595 682 635 599 596

Unemployment rate......................... 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.9 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,011 11,535 11,622 11,036 11,410 11,230 11,398 11,507 11,626

Participation rate............................... 58.3 59.3 59.7 58.5 59.1 58.0 58.8 59.2 59.7

Employed....................................... 10,431 10,990 11,059 10,458 10,815 10,677 10,856 10,917 11,065

Employment-population ratio............... 55.3 56.5 56.8 55.4 56.0 55.2 56.0 56.2 56.8

Unemployed.................................... 580 545 563 579 595 553 541 590 561

Unemployment rate......................... 5.3 4.7 4.8 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.7 5.1 4.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,418 1,231 1,315 1,273 1,292 1,321 1,296 1,254 1,186

Participation rate............................... 36.9 31.3 33.4 33.1 33.0 33.7 33.0 31.9 30.2

Employed....................................... 1,172 1,061 1,115 1,099 1,108 1,135 1,103 1,065 1,051

Employment-population ratio............... 30.5 27.0 28.3 28.6 28.3 29.0 28.1 27.1 26.7

Unemployed.................................... 245 169 200 174 184 186 192 189 135

Unemployment rate......................... 17.3 13.7 15.2 13.7 14.2 14.1 14.8 15.1 11.4

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2017

May

2018

June

2018

June

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,446 10,519 10,650 10,354 10,258 10,234 10,285 10,242 10,508

Participation rate.................................. 45.9 46.4 46.5 45.5 46.8 45.7 45.9 45.2 45.9

Employed.......................................... 9,843 10,035 10,134 9,677 9,673 9,666 9,683 9,688 9,926

Employment-population ratio................. 43.3 44.2 44.3 42.6 44.1 43.2 43.3 42.7 43.4

Unemployed....................................... 603 484 516 677 584 568 602 554 582

Unemployment rate............................ 5.8 4.6 4.8 6.5 5.7 5.5 5.9 5.4 5.5

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,647 35,886 35,863 35,911 36,092 35,863 35,468 35,702 36,050

Participation rate.................................. 57.5 57.5 57.6 57.9 57.5 57.1 56.9 57.2 57.9

Employed.......................................... 34,110 34,585 34,466 34,256 34,487 34,305 33,940 34,306 34,549

Employment-population ratio................. 55.0 55.4 55.4 55.3 55.0 54.6 54.5 54.9 55.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,536 1,301 1,397 1,654 1,604 1,559 1,528 1,395 1,501

Unemployment rate............................ 4.3 3.6 3.9 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.2

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,513 37,732 37,831 37,567 37,573 37,589 37,944 37,921 37,863

Participation rate.................................. 65.5 65.4 65.3 65.6 65.5 65.6 65.5 65.7 65.3

Employed.......................................... 36,127 36,596 36,604 36,141 36,248 36,241 36,629 36,694 36,602

Employment-population ratio................. 63.1 63.4 63.2 63.1 63.2 63.2 63.2 63.6 63.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,386 1,135 1,227 1,426 1,325 1,348 1,315 1,228 1,261

Unemployment rate............................ 3.7 3.0 3.2 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 55,012 56,850 56,293 55,245 56,669 56,785 56,794 56,739 56,613

Participation rate.................................. 73.6 74.2 73.5 73.9 73.7 74.2 74.2 74.1 74.0

Employed.......................................... 53,676 55,809 54,929 53,947 55,386 55,534 55,616 55,593 55,296

Employment-population ratio................. 71.8 72.8 71.8 72.2 72.0 72.6 72.6 72.6 72.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,336 1,040 1,364 1,298 1,283 1,252 1,178 1,147 1,317

Unemployment rate............................ 2.4 1.8 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.3

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

June

2017

June

2018

June

2017

June

2018

June

2017

June

2018

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,573 19,215 18,543 17,350 2,030 1,865

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,132 9,456 8,963 8,301 1,170 1,155

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.3 49.2 48.3 47.8 57.6 61.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,754 9,140 8,656 8,008 1,099 1,132

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.4 47.6 46.7 46.2 54.1 60.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 315 307 293 71 23

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.5 6.1 2.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,441 9,759 9,580 9,049 860 710

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,216 4,171 3,469 3,460 747 711

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,373 3,345 2,866 2,818 507 527

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.0 80.2 82.6 81.4 67.8 74.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,201 3,221 2,737 2,705 464 516

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.9 77.2 78.9 78.2 62.1 72.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 124 129 113 43 11

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 3.7 4.5 4.0 8.5 2.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843 826 603 642 240 184

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,238 3,060 2,754 2,578 484 482

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,572 2,428 2,205 2,073 367 355

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.4 79.4 80.0 80.4 75.9 73.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,488 2,364 2,141 2,012 347 352

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.8 77.3 77.7 78.0 71.7 73.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 64 64 61 20 3

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 2.6 2.9 2.9 5.5 0.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 632 550 505 117 127

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,077 7,643 7,785 7,383 292 260

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,771 1,562 1,728 1,518 43 43

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.9 20.4 22.2 20.6 14.7 16.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,727 1,493 1,684 1,449 43 43

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 19.5 21.6 19.6 14.7 16.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 69 45 69 0 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 4.4 2.6 4.5 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,306 6,081 6,057 5,865 249 217

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,042 4,341 4,535 3,929 507 412

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,417 2,121 2,164 1,892 253 229

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 48.9 47.7 48.2 49.8 55.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,339 2,062 2,094 1,842 245 220

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.4 47.5 46.2 46.9 48.3 53.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 59 70 50 8 9

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.8 3.2 2.6 3.0 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,625 2,220 2,371 2,037 254 183

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225,557 229,660 100,210 102,769 125,346 126,891

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,484 151,290 75,708 77,409 72,775 73,880

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 65.9 75.5 75.3 58.1 58.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,094 145,245 72,513 74,384 69,581 70,860

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 63.2 72.4 72.4 55.5 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,389 6,045 3,195 3,025 3,194 3,020

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.0 4.2 3.9 4.4 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,073 78,370 24,502 25,360 52,571 53,010

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

June

2017

June

2018

June

2017

June

2018

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,585 30,407 224,372 227,235

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,335 6,153 155,001 157,123

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.7 20.2 69.1 69.1

Employed............................................................................. 5,773 5,645 148,313 150,820

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.9 18.6 66.1 66.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 562 508 6,688 6,304

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.9 8.3 4.3 4.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,250 24,253 69,371 70,112

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,770 2,632 77,957 78,797

Participation rate..................................................................... 35.5 35.3 83.5 83.6

Employed............................................................................. 2,503 2,391 74,651 75,670

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 32.1 32.1 80.0 80.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 267 241 3,306 3,127

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.6 9.2 4.2 4.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,022 4,821 15,349 15,404

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,462 2,345 68,667 69,523

Participation rate..................................................................... 30.5 29.9 71.3 71.7

Employed............................................................................. 2,216 2,127 65,575 66,633

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 27.5 27.1 68.1 68.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 245 218 3,092 2,890

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.0 9.3 4.5 4.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,606 5,508 27,670 27,411

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,104 1,176 8,377 8,803

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.5 7.8 24.1 24.4

Employed............................................................................. 1,054 1,127 8,086 8,517

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.2 7.5 23.3 23.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 50 49 291 287

Unemployment rate............................................................... 4.5 4.2 3.5 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,623 13,924 26,352 27,297

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

June

2017

June

2018

June

2017

June

2018

June

2017

June

2018

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 41,552 42,514 20,238 20,696 21,314 21,819

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,540 28,115 15,890 16,198 11,651 11,917

Participation rate.................................................. 66.3 66.1 78.5 78.3 54.7 54.6

Employed.......................................................... 26,528 27,134 15,455 15,728 11,073 11,406

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.8 63.8 76.4 76.0 52.0 52.3

Unemployed....................................................... 1,012 981 434 470 578 512

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.7 3.5 2.7 2.9 5.0 4.3

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,012 14,399 4,349 4,498 9,663 9,901

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 213,405 215,128 102,977 103,908 110,429 111,220

Civilian labor force.................................................. 133,796 135,162 70,080 70,790 63,716 64,372

Participation rate.................................................. 62.7 62.8 68.1 68.1 57.7 57.9

Employed.......................................................... 127,558 129,331 66,774 67,686 60,784 61,645

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.8 60.1 64.8 65.1 55.0 55.4

Unemployed....................................................... 6,238 5,831 3,306 3,104 2,932 2,727

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.7 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.6 4.2

Not in labor force.................................................... 79,609 79,966 32,896 33,118 46,713 46,848

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2017

May

2018

June

2018

June

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,612 2,412 2,503 2,443 2,474 2,314 2,294 2,345 2,350

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,730 1,604 1,682 1,612 1,679 1,495 1,517 1,573 1,567

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 858 776 779 804 768 803 745 742 736

Unpaid family workers........................... 23 32 42 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 151,475 153,598 153,962 150,878 152,713 152,747 152,889 153,211 153,309

Wage and salary workers1...................... 142,483 144,424 145,061 142,060 143,656 143,688 143,785 144,124 144,524

Government..................................... 20,477 21,253 20,522 20,900 20,986 20,957 21,222 21,045 20,986

Private industries............................... 122,006 123,170 124,539 121,070 122,693 122,761 122,616 123,090 123,478

Private households.......................... 630 773 769 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 121,376 122,398 123,770 120,513 121,957 121,977 121,858 122,319 122,757

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,924 9,112 8,808 8,802 8,944 8,990 8,995 9,013 8,728

Unpaid family workers........................... 67 61 93 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,602 4,739 5,042 5,264 5,160 5,019 4,985 4,948 4,743

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,405 2,875 3,178 3,263 3,302 3,005 2,994 3,004 3,042

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,787 1,542 1,486 1,711 1,541 1,625 1,586 1,480 1,447

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,831 21,433 20,308 20,813 21,061 21,399 21,258 21,095 21,304

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,555 4,677 4,974 5,210 5,091 4,944 4,898 4,872 4,662

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,370 2,831 3,133 3,233 3,258 2,940 2,923 2,948 3,004

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,783 1,529 1,468 1,708 1,533 1,619 1,575 1,464 1,431

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,450 21,074 19,938 20,423 20,641 20,999 20,891 20,766 20,941

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2017

May

2018

June

2018

June

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,086 156,009 156,465 153,250 155,215 155,178 155,181 155,474 155,576

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,964 4,970 5,921 5,209 5,174 5,149 5,078 5,068 5,144

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,238 1,676 2,080 1,929 1,915 1,892 1,838 1,771 1,797

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,727 3,294 3,841 3,296 3,293 3,261 3,257 3,285 3,344

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,122 151,039 150,544 148,042 150,041 150,028 150,102 150,406 150,432

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,366 14,014 14,411 13,959 14,213 14,334 14,172 14,069 14,046

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,756 137,025 136,133 134,059 135,856 135,779 135,906 136,373 136,422

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,572 100,445 100,020 98,735 100,120 100,051 99,965 100,105 100,204

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,397 35,353 35,305 34,403 34,975 35,106 35,083 35,221 35,288

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,896 32,596 32,527 31,949 32,503 32,462 32,614 32,492 32,566

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,278 32,496 32,187 32,383 32,642 32,484 32,268 32,392 32,350

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,184 36,580 36,114 35,324 35,735 35,728 35,941 36,268 36,218

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,230 83,103 83,414 81,325 82,685 82,630 82,611 82,784 82,522

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,963 2,405 2,916 2,572 2,472 2,517 2,500 2,455 2,509

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,061 809 1,022 888 872 891 858 849 855

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,902 1,596 1,894 1,687 1,617 1,639 1,651 1,610 1,644

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,267 80,698 80,498 78,753 80,213 80,113 80,111 80,329 80,013

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,484 7,208 7,412 7,223 7,392 7,445 7,291 7,205 7,191

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,783 73,489 73,087 71,517 72,822 72,707 72,840 73,131 72,869

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,898 53,915 53,740 52,689 53,764 53,647 53,686 53,728 53,588

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,556 19,052 19,140 18,430 18,925 18,942 18,946 18,992 19,006

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,300 17,711 17,656 17,244 17,592 17,576 17,644 17,634 17,598

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,042 17,152 16,945 17,015 17,247 17,130 17,096 17,101 16,984

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,885 19,574 19,346 18,829 19,058 19,060 19,154 19,403 19,281

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,856 72,907 73,051 71,925 72,530 72,548 72,569 72,690 73,054

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,002 2,565 3,005 2,637 2,702 2,632 2,578 2,613 2,635

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,177 867 1,058 1,041 1,044 1,001 980 922 942

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,825 1,698 1,947 1,609 1,676 1,622 1,606 1,675 1,700

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,855 70,341 70,045 69,289 69,828 69,916 69,992 70,077 70,419

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,882 6,805 6,999 6,736 6,821 6,889 6,882 6,864 6,855

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,973 63,536 63,047 62,541 63,033 63,071 63,067 63,243 63,553

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,673 46,530 46,279 46,046 46,356 46,404 46,280 46,377 46,616

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,842 16,301 16,165 15,973 16,050 16,164 16,137 16,229 16,282

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,596 14,885 14,871 14,704 14,911 14,886 14,970 14,858 14,969

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,236 15,343 15,242 15,368 15,395 15,354 15,172 15,291 15,366

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,300 17,006 16,767 16,496 16,677 16,667 16,787 16,865 16,937

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,980 46,281 45,811 45,833 45,863 45,865 45,995 46,041 45,689

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,415 36,236 35,607 35,800 35,632 35,564 36,140 35,978 35,976

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,447 9,608 9,763 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,337 129,014 129,937 126,050 127,745 127,434 127,753 128,657 128,568

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,749 26,996 26,528 27,143 27,548 27,858 27,508 26,883 27,028

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,425 7,411 7,457 7,597 7,864 7,609 7,667 7,442 7,619

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.0 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,611 5,696 5,586 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,783 9,889 9,587 9,607 9,713 9,793 9,741 9,755 9,464

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

June

2017

May

2018

June

2018

June

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 6,964 6,065 6,564 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 797 745 743 13.3 14.4 13.5 12.9 12.8 12.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 315 307 303 14.0 15.5 14.9 13.8 14.8 14.4

18 to 19 years.................................. 473 454 430 12.5 13.7 12.6 12.7 12.2 11.4

20 years and over................................ 6,167 5,321 5,821 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,128 1,073 1,123 7.5 6.8 6.6 6.7 7.1 7.4

25 years and over.............................. 5,052 4,261 4,665 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.3

25 to 54 years............................... 3,857 3,252 3,448 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.3

25 to 34 years............................. 1,555 1,405 1,424 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.4 3.8 3.9

35 to 44 years............................. 1,112 950 1,038 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.8 3.1

45 to 54 years............................. 1,190 897 986 3.5 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.0

55 years and over........................... 1,156 1,039 1,168 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.8 3.1

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,702 3,373 3,534 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.1

16 to 19 years..................................... 433 468 432 14.4 16.4 15.2 15.3 16.0 14.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 154 187 169 14.7 17.1 16.1 17.2 18.0 16.5

18 to 19 years.................................. 269 285 251 13.8 16.1 14.5 14.6 15.1 13.2

20 years and over................................ 3,269 2,905 3,102 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 662 618 640 8.4 7.6 7.5 7.7 7.9 8.2

25 years and over.............................. 2,602 2,325 2,442 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2

25 to 54 years............................... 2,015 1,715 1,797 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.2

25 to 34 years............................. 867 742 749 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.6 3.8 3.8

35 to 44 years............................. 561 487 527 3.2 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 587 486 522 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.8 3.0

55 years and over........................... 587 610 644 3.0 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.2

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,262 2,692 3,030 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.6 4.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 364 277 310 12.1 12.5 11.8 10.4 9.6 10.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 161 120 134 13.4 14.0 13.8 10.6 11.6 12.4

18 to 19 years.................................. 203 169 179 11.2 11.4 10.6 10.6 9.2 9.5

20 years and over................................ 2,898 2,415 2,720 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 466 454 483 6.5 6.0 5.7 5.7 6.2 6.6

25 years and over.............................. 2,449 1,936 2,224 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.4

25 to 54 years............................... 1,842 1,537 1,651 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.4

25 to 34 years............................. 688 664 675 4.1 4.7 4.3 4.2 3.9 4.0

35 to 44 years............................. 551 462 511 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.3

45 to 54 years............................. 603 411 464 3.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.9

55 years and over........................... 572 465 519 3.4 2.8 3.2 2.8 2.7 3.0

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,041 905 968 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.1

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,021 857 940 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.5

Women who maintain families2.................... 703 470 573 6.9 6.2 5.6 5.5 4.7 5.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 5,763 4,937 5,306 4.4 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.7 4.0

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,188 1,166 1,222 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.3

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2017

May

2018

June

2018

June

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,359 2,493 3,022 3,447 3,279 3,146 2,958 2,854 3,065

On temporary layoff.............................. 926 533 952 907 878 865 862 803 906

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,433 1,960 2,070 2,539 2,401 2,281 2,096 2,052 2,159

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,700 1,380 1,422 1,765 1,709 1,645 1,418 1,439 1,486

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 733 580 647 774 692 637 678 612 673

Job leavers........................................... 779 801 776 816 780 864 815 852 811

Reentrants............................................ 2,131 1,933 2,184 2,055 1,948 1,967 2,009 1,882 2,086

New entrants......................................... 981 529 829 680 704 625 623 571 578

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 46.3 43.3 44.4 49.3 48.9 47.7 46.2 46.3 46.9

On temporary layoff.............................. 12.8 9.3 14.0 13.0 13.1 13.1 13.5 13.0 13.9

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 33.6 34.1 30.4 36.3 35.8 34.6 32.7 33.3 33.0

Job leavers........................................... 10.7 13.9 11.4 11.7 11.6 13.1 12.7 13.8 12.4

Reentrants............................................ 29.4 33.6 32.1 29.4 29.0 29.8 31.4 30.6 31.9

New entrants......................................... 13.5 9.2 12.2 9.7 10.5 9.5 9.7 9.3 8.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.1 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3

New entrants......................................... 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2017

May

2018

June

2018

June

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 3,057 1,950 2,991 2,301 2,508 2,287 2,115 2,034 2,227

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,739 1,568 1,665 1,942 1,906 2,009 2,017 1,945 1,882

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,454 2,237 2,156 2,652 2,330 2,202 2,329 2,166 2,314

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 867 1,066 811 937 934 880 1,036 977 836

27 weeks and over............................... 1,587 1,171 1,345 1,715 1,397 1,322 1,293 1,189 1,478

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 22.9 21.8 19.4 24.9 22.9 24.1 23.1 21.3 21.2

Median duration, in weeks......................... 7.6 9.9 6.6 9.8 9.3 9.1 9.8 9.2 8.9

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 42.2 33.9 43.9 33.4 37.2 35.2 32.7 33.1 34.7

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 24.0 27.3 24.4 28.2 28.3 30.9 31.2 31.7 29.3

15 weeks and over.................................. 33.8 38.9 31.7 38.5 34.6 33.9 36.0 35.2 36.0

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 12.0 18.5 11.9 13.6 13.8 13.5 16.0 15.9 13.0

27 weeks and over............................... 21.9 20.3 19.7 24.9 20.7 20.3 20.0 19.4 23.0

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

June

2017

June

2018

June

2017

June

2018

June

2017

June

2018

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 154,086 156,465 7,250 6,812 4.5 4.2

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 60,705 61,349 1,440 1,575 2.3 2.5

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 25,328 25,231 504 536 1.9 2.1

Professional and related occupations.......................... 35,377 36,118 936 1,039 2.6 2.8

Service occupations................................................ 27,387 27,714 1,540 1,451 5.3 5.0

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,531 33,819 1,503 1,333 4.3 3.8

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,808 16,096 797 741 4.8 4.4

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,723 17,723 706 592 3.8 3.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,426 14,744 747 746 4.9 4.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,264 1,079 95 106 7.0 9.0

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,282 8,426 459 479 5.3 5.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,880 5,239 192 161 3.8 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,038 18,839 1,027 870 5.4 4.4

Production occupations.......................................... 8,702 8,670 466 331 5.1 3.7

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,336 10,170 560 539 5.7 5.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

June

2017

June

2018

June

2017

June

2018

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 7,250 6,812 4.5 4.2

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,181 4,867 4.1 3.8

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 19 23 2.6 2.9

Construction.......................................................................... 430 466 4.5 4.7

Manufacturing........................................................................ 529 491 3.4 3.1

Durable goods..................................................................... 336 268 3.4 2.8

Nondurable goods................................................................ 193 223 3.3 3.7

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 992 858 5.0 4.2

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 235 232 3.6 3.2

Information............................................................................ 122 126 4.8 4.6

Financial activities................................................................... 251 210 2.5 2.1

Professional and business services............................................... 703 562 4.1 3.3

Education and health services..................................................... 746 768 3.1 3.2

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 895 851 6.1 5.7

Other services........................................................................ 259 281 4.0 3.9

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 105 127 5.9 7.2

Government workers................................................................... 704 685 3.3 3.2

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 280 304 2.8 3.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2017

May

2018

June

2018

June

2017

Feb.

2018

Mar.

2018

Apr.

2018

May

2018

June

2018

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.1 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.5 3.6 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.8 3.8 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.3

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 5.4 4.4 5.0 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.9

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 8.9 7.3 8.1 8.5 8.2 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

June

2017

June

2018

June

2017

June

2018

June

2017

June

2018

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 93,621 94,365 37,245 37,616 56,376 56,749

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,725 5,654 2,648 2,608 3,077 3,046

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 1,582 1,437 843 804 739 633

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 514 359 340 240 174 120

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,069 1,078 503 565 565 513

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,425 7,457 3,726 3,631 3,699 3,826

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.8 4.8 4.5 4.4 5.1 5.2

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,014 4,136 2,292 2,150 1,722 1,986

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,997 1,872 685 689 1,311 1,183

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 305 360 194 242 112 118

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,041 1,032 516 519 525 513

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

Change

from:

May2018 -

June2018p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,578 148,372 149,334 149,980 146,538 148,455 148,699 148,912 213

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,340 125,658 126,674 127,732 124,214 126,130 126,369 126,571 202

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,349 20,400 20,663 20,976 20,048 20,568 20,619 20,672 53

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684 721 730 742 680 730 733 737 4

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.4 47.6 48.5 48.4 49.7 50.0 49.5 48.0 -1.5

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633.9 673.2 681.8 693.6 630.2 680.1 683.7 688.6 4.9

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.3 149.1 150.6 152.3 145.4 150.6 151.2 151.0 -0.2

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.3 185.5 189.6 193.1 184.7 186.8 188.2 189.0 0.8

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.9 52.8 52.8 53.2 52.0 52.9 53.1 53.2 0.1

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.0 38.5 38.7 39.3 38.7 38.8 38.9 38.8 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.4 94.2 98.1 100.6 94.1 95.1 96.2 97.0 0.8

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299.3 338.6 341.6 348.2 300.1 342.7 344.3 348.6 4.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,157 7,081 7,279 7,439 6,940 7,180 7,209 7,222 13

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,568.7 1,577.2 1,600.2 1,636.5 1,535.3 1,597.9 1,598.4 1,602.1 3.7

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762.6 776.6 792.5 812.9 747.5 787.1 792.6 796.5 3.9

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806.1 800.6 807.7 823.6 787.8 810.8 805.8 805.6 -0.2

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,046.3 988.9 1,040.7 1,073.8 993.0 1,005.2 1,010.6 1,016.7 6.1

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,541.6 4,514.7 4,638.5 4,728.3 4,411.8 4,577.3 4,599.8 4,603.0 3.2

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,003.5 1,986.1 2,044.6 2,086.8 1,936.0 2,013.2 2,020.3 2,020.8 0.5

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,538.1 2,528.6 2,593.9 2,641.5 2,475.8 2,564.1 2,579.5 2,582.2 2.7

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,508 12,598 12,654 12,795 12,428 12,658 12,677 12,713 36

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,782 7,886 7,914 8,003 7,731 7,905 7,918 7,950 32

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399.8 402.4 406.2 411.6 395.9 404.5 405.7 407.0 1.3

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417.8 419.6 423.3 427.3 409.6 420.5 419.0 419.2 0.2

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.8 379.9 379.6 383.1 373.4 380.7 380.6 383.5 2.9

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,435.0 1,476.1 1,481.3 1,496.9 1,426.9 1,478.3 1,481.8 1,488.9 7.1

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,085.2 1,112.5 1,120.1 1,133.8 1,079.0 1,115.4 1,121.6 1,126.0 4.4

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,045.0 1,058.5 1,062.3 1,075.8 1,039.7 1,062.3 1,064.8 1,069.9 5.1

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 158.6 169.0 169.0 170.6 158.0 169.5 169.5 169.9 0.4

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.7 85.3 85.8 86.8 87.0 85.5 85.9 86.1 0.2

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.3 367.7 368.1 372.8 361.3 368.8 369.2 370.9 1.7

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400.7 404.9 407.0 413.1 399.0 406.6 407.8 410.9 3.1

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 31.6 32.4 32.5 34.5 31.9 32.4 32.2 -0.2

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 389.5 400.0 401.9 406.0 386.9 401.5 403.2 403.2 0.0

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,642.3 1,652.2 1,649.4 1,673.5 1,632.6 1,654.2 1,652.0 1,664.5 12.5

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961.3 962.6 953.6 970.3 956.0 962.0 954.0 966.0 12.0

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397.6 389.3 391.3 393.2 395.0 390.7 391.4 390.6 -0.8

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595.7 595.4 598.1 601.5 591.6 597.0 597.8 597.0 -0.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,726 4,712 4,740 4,792 4,697 4,753 4,759 4,763 4

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,609.5 1,605.3 1,613.2 1,648.5 1,599.9 1,631.9 1,634.5 1,638.9 4.4

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.9 111.2 111.7 111.7 111.8 111.5 111.6 111.7 0.1

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.5 110.6 110.8 111.4 114.5 111.1 110.8 110.5 -0.3

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.1 117.6 116.6 114.7 120.1 117.8 116.4 114.6 -1.8

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.8 373.8 375.4 376.7 366.6 373.8 374.2 374.3 0.1

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 443.0 433.0 434.1 435.0 441.3 434.1 434.1 433.4 -0.7

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.5 113.8 117.3 119.3 115.3 115.6 116.4 116.7 0.3

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826.4 825.4 827.4 834.6 822.1 827.5 828.6 830.5 1.9

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715.8 725.5 728.3 729.9 713.1 726.3 727.1 727.8 0.7

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297.8 295.9 305.5 310.0 292.1 303.0 305.7 304.4 -1.3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,991 105,258 106,011 106,756 104,166 105,562 105,750 105,899 149

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,498 27,496 27,690 27,804 27,462 27,727 27,774 27,770 -4

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,934.8 5,936.5 5,964.7 5,996.2 5,898.0 5,952.2 5,957.9 5,960.8 2.9

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,979.8 3,000.7 3,011.2 3,030.7 2,961.5 3,008.1 3,009.9 3,012.7 2.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,059.7 2,042.8 2,055.7 2,058.2 2,044.0 2,047.1 2,049.0 2,044.3 -4.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

Change

from:

May2018 -

June2018p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895.3 893.0 897.8 907.3 892.5 897.0 899.0 903.8 4.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,860.1 15,772.0 15,890.9 15,942.6 15,848.6 15,928.0 15,953.1 15,931.5 -21.6

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,019.5 2,023.8 2,034.2 2,044.5 2,004.6 2,026.1 2,027.4 2,030.5 3.1

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,297.5 1,302.7 1,306.0 1,311.5 1,293.8 1,306.3 1,306.1 1,308.4 2.3

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.8 157.2 161.7 165.5 156.7 156.2 155.8 155.7 -0.1

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 555.2 563.9 566.5 567.5 554.1 563.6 565.5 566.4 0.9

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 468.6 476.9 477.4 477.8 474.3 483.2 483.6 484.1 0.5

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 494.3 493.3 492.2 487.1 505.7 498.8 500.0 496.3 -3.7

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,331.1 1,360.0 1,387.3 1,378.2 1,268.5 1,311.9 1,314.6 1,315.1 0.5

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,116.7 3,070.0 3,094.2 3,118.8 3,085.1 3,097.2 3,098.5 3,089.9 -8.6

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,060.6 1,050.4 1,052.1 1,050.8 1,063.7 1,057.1 1,057.0 1,055.5 -1.5

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942.9 929.9 940.3 950.2 931.1 937.4 937.6 938.7 1.1

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,357.9 1,318.2 1,335.7 1,362.8 1,382.0 1,367.8 1,375.3 1,382.2 6.9

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583.0 574.4 578.9 578.1 604.0 597.0 598.8 598.0 -0.8

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,081.7 3,073.4 3,081.0 3,066.1 3,128.0 3,127.8 3,138.3 3,116.8 -21.5

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,139.5 1,131.6 1,135.1 1,135.9 1,175.1 1,168.6 1,175.3 1,171.3 -4.0

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,942.2 1,941.8 1,945.9 1,930.2 1,952.9 1,959.2 1,963.0 1,945.5 -17.5

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838.1 815.9 832.9 838.0 829.6 829.0 828.1 828.8 0.7

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565.7 585.8 584.7 590.2 572.0 594.7 593.9 595.6 1.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,145.7 5,232.9 5,280.7 5,308.4 5,160.2 5,291.4 5,309.0 5,324.4 15.4

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495.7 501.8 503.8 508.0 491.1 502.5 502.1 503.6 1.5

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.5 212.5 214.0 214.0 215.4 212.4 213.6 212.8 -0.8

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4 64.2 66.0 68.3 65.0 65.0 65.6 65.9 0.3

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,466.5 1,458.4 1,473.6 1,492.0 1,452.4 1,471.3 1,474.9 1,477.4 2.5

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486.1 508.8 510.6 491.4 493.8 494.9 493.3 497.6 4.3

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 46.8 46.9 47.4 48.1 47.0 47.0 47.3 0.3

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 45.3 31.3 39.0 44.0 36.0 35.5 35.7 35.1 -0.6

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 689.7 706.1 707.2 713.7 688.4 707.2 709.6 712.6 3.0

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650.3 691.3 698.0 707.9 679.8 731.6 735.5 739.6 4.1

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 980.0 1,011.7 1,021.6 1,021.7 990.2 1,024.0 1,031.7 1,032.5 0.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557.5 554.2 553.2 556.4 554.7 555.4 554.0 553.7 -0.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,809 2,763 2,765 2,781 2,796 2,768 2,768 2,768 0

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 722.3 709.2 709.7 714.9 723.0 713.0 714.3 715.5 1.2

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432.1 419.1 422.1 426.2 423.0 415.1 416.2 416.1 -0.1

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264.5 263.2 261.6 263.1 264.6 263.2 262.7 263.1 0.4

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786.4 758.7 757.5 755.1 785.7 761.4 758.9 755.7 -3.2

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319.0 326.5 328.3 331.1 317.3 327.4 328.1 329.2 1.1

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.0 286.2 285.7 291.0 282.2 287.6 287.7 288.3 0.6

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,510 8,505 8,552 8,637 8,449 8,551 8,568 8,576 8

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,284.7 6,293.9 6,313.4 6,352.4 6,265.3 6,316.3 6,327.4 6,332.2 4.8

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.1 18.9 19.0 19.3 19.0 19.0 19.1 19.2 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,660.5 2,653.0 2,664.1 2,679.8 2,650.6 2,662.1 2,668.3 2,669.2 0.9

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,721.8 1,715.2 1,721.8 1,730.3 1,715.4 1,719.0 1,721.3 1,723.2 1.9

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,329.3 1,321.3 1,325.3 1,330.4 1,326.1 1,323.2 1,325.2 1,326.9 1.7

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 625.8 624.0 628.5 632.3 624.8 628.4 632.5 631.2 -1.3

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 312.9 313.8 313.8 317.2 310.4 314.7 314.4 314.8 0.4

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 945.8 958.9 958.9 969.7 941.6 963.6 964.2 965.7 1.5

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,659.3 2,663.1 2,671.4 2,683.6 2,654.1 2,671.6 2,675.8 2,678.1 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,225.1 2,210.9 2,238.4 2,284.9 2,184.1 2,235.0 2,240.3 2,244.1 3.8

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,614.6 1,609.2 1,621.4 1,648.1 1,595.8 1,621.7 1,625.6 1,629.2 3.6

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585.9 577.5 592.2 610.9 564.0 588.7 589.8 589.5 -0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

Change

from:

May2018 -

June2018p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 24.6 24.2 24.8 25.9 24.3 24.6 24.9 25.4 0.5

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,600 20,822 20,933 21,134 20,448 20,876 20,919 20,969 50

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,982.3 9,217.9 9,148.4 9,221.1 8,999.2 9,168.1 9,201.2 9,226.3 25.1

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,148.8 1,131.4 1,133.6 1,151.7 1,139.5 1,136.3 1,136.6 1,141.4 4.8

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 935.5 1,080.8 961.6 953.5 993.7 993.8 1,005.8 1,006.5 0.7

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,453.1 1,455.5 1,470.4 1,497.5 1,434.6 1,467.2 1,471.6 1,478.4 6.8

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.5 137.6 138.9 139.4 137.9 137.7 138.4 138.6 0.2

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,034.1 2,085.4 2,098.0 2,105.4 2,038.9 2,092.5 2,099.5 2,105.5 6.0

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,402.8 1,431.0 1,440.0 1,450.9 1,399.0 1,439.3 1,442.8 1,447.6 4.8

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664.4 669.6 674.3 684.6 657.4 672.7 674.2 677.1 2.9

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.7 496.5 497.8 496.8 492.3 496.5 497.1 494.3 -2.8

Other professional and technical services. . . 710.4 730.1 733.8 741.3 705.9 732.1 735.2 737.0 1.8

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,308.9 2,306.5 2,321.1 2,344.9 2,295.4 2,318.9 2,325.2 2,330.6 5.4

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,308.8 9,297.6 9,463.6 9,567.7 9,153.4 9,388.5 9,392.8 9,412.2 19.4

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,891.0 8,874.7 9,032.9 9,132.0 8,742.2 8,962.3 8,964.3 8,983.5 19.2

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 511.4 519.8 521.6 526.9 509.5 521.3 522.1 525.0 2.9

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.7 155.0 155.8 154.8 152.1 154.9 155.5 154.3 -1.2

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,627.9 3,645.9 3,707.3 3,743.1 3,602.1 3,719.0 3,712.8 3,719.3 6.5

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,961.0 2,967.6 3,020.3 3,054.1 2,943.3 3,033.4 3,028.7 3,038.0 9.3

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887.8 900.9 898.6 897.9 900.6 908.9 910.8 911.3 0.5

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.1 218.1 218.7 220.0 217.1 217.3 216.8 216.3 -0.5

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 916.0 932.1 938.5 939.2 916.9 935.9 939.2 939.9 0.7

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,247.1 2,165.2 2,253.5 2,305.4 2,122.3 2,167.6 2,170.1 2,178.2 8.1

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327.0 337.7 338.9 344.7 321.5 337.3 337.1 339.4 2.3

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417.8 422.9 430.7 435.7 411.2 426.2 428.5 428.7 0.2

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,966 23,697 23,633 23,417 23,178 23,529 23,569 23,623 54

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,433.7 3,881.7 3,755.5 3,501.8 3,662.6 3,703.9 3,709.2 3,728.1 18.9

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,532.0 19,815.5 19,877.7 19,914.8 19,515.1 19,825.1 19,860.0 19,894.7 34.7

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,728.7 15,932.4 15,976.9 16,038.3 15,714.0 15,967.1 15,998.1 16,023.3 25.2

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,290.3 7,441.7 7,476.4 7,494.9 7,287.1 7,455.2 7,477.6 7,491.1 13.5

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,584.2 2,626.1 2,632.7 2,639.1 2,586.1 2,632.4 2,637.5 2,640.7 3.2

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935.4 938.3 941.8 949.3 932.1 941.2 942.6 945.8 3.2

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 890.3 921.4 926.6 931.1 888.0 922.0 924.4 928.3 3.9

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893.9 924.9 929.1 929.3 893.7 925.5 928.9 929.8 0.9

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 268.6 276.9 277.9 281.5 269.1 277.2 279.1 281.2 2.1

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,412.4 1,445.7 1,458.2 1,455.6 1,411.6 1,447.9 1,454.8 1,455.0 0.2

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305.5 308.4 310.1 309.0 306.6 309.1 310.4 310.3 -0.1

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,078.5 5,150.6 5,148.4 5,174.3 5,080.5 5,160.9 5,165.2 5,175.8 10.6

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,359.9 3,340.1 3,352.1 3,369.1 3,346.4 3,351.0 3,355.3 3,356.4 1.1

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,634.0 1,606.7 1,610.5 1,617.2 1,627.8 1,612.4 1,613.1 1,611.6 -1.5

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 630.6 631.5 632.8 636.8 628.7 632.4 633.2 635.3 2.1

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923.5 930.1 935.9 942.8 920.6 934.1 935.9 939.5 3.6

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 171.8 171.8 172.9 172.3 169.2 172.1 173.2 169.9 -3.3

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,803.3 3,883.1 3,900.8 3,876.5 3,801.1 3,858.0 3,861.9 3,871.4 9.5

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,358.5 2,415.0 2,423.8 2,428.5 2,346.7 2,407.9 2,409.1 2,415.9 6.8

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 168.5 170.7 171.8 174.5 167.7 170.3 172.2 173.5 1.3

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 349.8 343.9 346.2 349.0 344.8 345.4 345.8 344.2 -1.6

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926.5 953.5 959.0 924.5 941.8 934.3 934.8 937.8 3.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,759 16,134 16,552 17,027 16,054 16,262 16,290 16,315 25

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,643.3 2,277.8 2,426.2 2,662.6 2,335.9 2,343.8 2,346.4 2,350.9 4.5

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 532.7 512.1 533.0 535.1 498.7 496.9 501.3 500.0 -1.3

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.7 169.1 176.3 190.3 168.1 172.5 170.2 172.5 2.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

Change

from:

May2018 -

June2018p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,924.9 1,596.6 1,716.9 1,937.2 1,669.1 1,674.4 1,674.9 1,678.4 3.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,115.6 13,856.2 14,125.6 14,364.6 13,718.1 13,918.1 13,943.7 13,963.7 20.0

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,111.5 1,978.3 2,030.1 2,136.6 2,007.7 2,024.4 2,028.4 2,032.0 3.6

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 12,004.1 11,877.9 12,095.5 12,228.0 11,710.4 11,893.7 11,915.3 11,931.7 16.4

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,849 5,841 5,886 5,956 5,779 5,849 5,862 5,878 16

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,319.3 1,321.4 1,329.1 1,331.3 1,306.4 1,316.8 1,319.3 1,318.5 -0.8

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,498.4 1,519.7 1,536.0 1,551.1 1,481.8 1,518.3 1,524.0 1,532.8 8.8

Membership associations and organizations. . . 3,031.7 3,000.1 3,021.0 3,073.9 2,990.7 3,013.7 3,018.9 3,027.0 8.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,238 22,714 22,660 22,248 22,324 22,325 22,330 22,341 11

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,822.0 2,787.0 2,789.0 2,804.0 2,805.0 2,792.0 2,791.0 2,789.0 -2.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,206.3 2,178.6 2,184.6 2,200.4 2,189.6 2,185.6 2,185.2 2,183.6 -1.6

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615.8 608.4 603.9 603.8 615.2 606.1 605.5 605.0 -0.5

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,906.0 5,278.0 5,117.0 4,847.0 5,149.0 5,106.0 5,100.0 5,100.0 0.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,208.7 2,615.8 2,450.8 2,156.9 2,472.0 2,441.8 2,434.9 2,430.3 -4.6

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,696.8 2,662.0 2,666.6 2,690.3 2,676.9 2,663.9 2,665.0 2,669.2 4.2

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,510.0 14,649.0 14,754.0 14,597.0 14,370.0 14,427.0 14,439.0 14,452.0 13.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,862.3 8,251.5 8,269.0 7,903.1 7,916.6 7,943.9 7,948.6 7,956.2 7.6

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,647.9 6,397.5 6,485.1 6,693.5 6,452.9 6,482.8 6,490.0 6,495.9 5.9

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.4 40.7 40.6 40.5

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.1 45.9 46.2 46.5

Construction....................................................................... 39.1 39.5 39.5 39.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.8 41.0 40.8 40.9

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.3 41.5 41.3 41.4

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.0 40.2 40.1 40.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.4 34.4 34.6 34.6

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.0 38.9 39.1 39.1

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.0 31.0 31.2 31.2

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.9 38.9 38.8 38.9

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 42.2 42.0 41.9

Information......................................................................... 36.3 36.0 35.9 35.9

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.6 37.6 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.1 36.2 36.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.9 33.0 32.9 33.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.2

Other services..................................................................... 31.8 31.7 31.7 31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.5

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.5

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

Total private............................................... $26.26 $26.86 $26.93 $26.98 $903.34 $926.67 $929.09 $930.81

Goods-producing....................................... 27.53 28.07 28.09 28.15 1,112.21 1,142.45 1,140.45 1,140.08

Mining and logging.................................. 31.92 32.52 32.45 32.56 1,439.59 1,492.67 1,499.19 1,514.04

Construction.......................................... 28.86 29.63 29.66 29.71 1,128.43 1,170.39 1,171.57 1,167.60

Manufacturing........................................ 26.56 26.93 26.94 27.00 1,083.65 1,104.13 1,099.15 1,104.30

Durable goods.................................... 27.82 28.25 28.27 28.34 1,148.97 1,172.38 1,167.55 1,173.28

Nondurable goods................................ 24.42 24.66 24.65 24.71 976.80 991.33 988.47 990.87

Private service-providing.............................. 25.96 26.57 26.66 26.70 864.47 884.78 887.78 891.78

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.76 23.16 23.24 23.23 782.94 796.70 804.10 803.76

Wholesale trade.................................. 30.01 30.23 30.41 30.54 1,170.39 1,175.95 1,189.03 1,194.11

Retail trade........................................ 18.15 18.56 18.65 18.58 562.65 575.36 581.88 579.70

Transportation and warehousing............... 23.85 24.29 24.31 24.26 927.77 944.88 943.23 943.71

Utilities............................................. 39.08 40.34 40.20 40.34 1,653.08 1,702.35 1,688.40 1,690.25

Information........................................... 38.41 39.31 39.41 39.60 1,394.28 1,415.16 1,414.82 1,421.64

Financial activities................................... 33.05 34.44 34.65 34.58 1,242.68 1,294.94 1,302.84 1,300.21

Professional and business services.............. 31.47 32.19 32.27 32.32 1,136.07 1,162.06 1,168.17 1,169.98

Education and health services..................... 26.28 26.80 26.92 27.05 864.61 884.40 885.67 892.65

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 15.45 15.86 15.89 15.97 403.25 413.95 414.73 418.41

Other services....................................... 23.75 24.33 24.37 24.37 755.25 771.26 772.53 772.53

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

Percent

change

from:

May

2018 -

June

2018p

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

Percent

change

from:

May

2018 -

June

2018p

Total private..................................... 107.3 109.2 109.4 109.6 0.2 134.6 140.2 140.9 141.4 0.4

Goods-producing............................. 92.3 95.4 95.4 95.4 0.0 114.8 121.0 121.1 121.4 0.2

Mining and logging........................ 96.4 105.3 106.4 107.7 1.2 123.5 137.5 138.6 140.8 1.6

Construction................................ 93.5 97.8 98.2 97.8 -0.4 117.3 125.9 126.5 126.3 -0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 91.2 93.4 93.1 93.5 0.4 112.7 116.9 116.6 117.5 0.8

Durable goods........................... 89.9 92.4 92.1 92.7 0.7 111.1 115.9 115.6 116.6 0.9

Nondurable goods...................... 93.8 95.4 95.3 95.3 0.0 116.2 119.3 119.1 119.5 0.3

Private service-providing.................... 111.6 113.1 113.3 113.8 0.4 140.8 146.0 146.8 147.7 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 102.7 103.7 104.5 104.5 0.0 125.9 129.3 130.7 130.7 0.0

Wholesale trade......................... 100.4 101.0 101.6 101.7 0.1 125.7 127.4 129.0 129.6 0.5

Retail trade.............................. 99.8 100.3 101.1 101.0 -0.1 119.7 123.1 124.7 124.0 -0.6

Transportation and warehousing...... 114.9 117.8 117.9 118.5 0.5 139.0 145.2 145.4 145.9 0.3

Utilities.................................... 101.5 101.4 100.7 100.4 -0.3 131.1 135.2 133.7 133.8 0.1

Information................................. 92.7 91.0 90.8 90.8 0.0 126.8 127.4 127.3 128.0 0.5

Financial activities......................... 104.0 105.3 105.5 105.6 0.1 134.1 141.5 142.6 142.4 -0.1

Professional and business services..... 116.1 118.5 119.1 119.4 0.3 148.0 154.6 155.7 156.3 0.4

Education and health services........... 124.5 126.8 126.6 127.3 0.6 157.4 163.5 164.0 165.6 1.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 119.6 121.1 121.3 122.0 0.6 149.0 155.0 155.5 157.1 1.0

Other services............................. 106.0 106.9 107.1 107.4 0.3 137.9 142.6 143.1 143.5 0.3

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

Total nonfarm............................................. 72,587 73,637 73,820 73,973 49.5 49.6 49.6 49.7

Total private............................................ 59,781 60,791 60,960 61,100 48.1 48.2 48.2 48.3

Goods-producing.................................... 4,394 4,536 4,555 4,571 21.9 22.1 22.1 22.1

Mining and logging............................... 92 93 94 95 13.5 12.7 12.8 12.9

Construction....................................... 875 919 921 926 12.6 12.8 12.8 12.8

Manufacturing..................................... 3,427 3,524 3,540 3,550 27.6 27.8 27.9 27.9

Durable goods.................................. 1,809 1,858 1,862 1,871 23.4 23.5 23.5 23.5

Nondurable goods............................. 1,618 1,666 1,678 1,679 34.4 35.1 35.3 35.3

Private service-providing........................... 55,387 56,255 56,405 56,529 53.2 53.3 53.3 53.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,052 11,135 11,151 11,155 40.2 40.2 40.1 40.2

Wholesale trade................................ 1,739.3 1,770.4 1,768.1 1,776.0 29.5 29.7 29.7 29.8

Retail trade..................................... 7,919.5 7,934.0 7,947.9 7,935.7 50.0 49.8 49.8 49.8

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,265.9 1,301.6 1,306.5 1,313.7 24.5 24.6 24.6 24.7

Utilities........................................... 127.5 128.8 128.5 129.9 23.0 23.2 23.2 23.5

Information......................................... 1,111 1,092 1,093 1,095 39.7 39.5 39.5 39.6

Financial activities................................ 4,776 4,827 4,840 4,851 56.5 56.4 56.5 56.6

Professional and business services............ 9,204 9,443 9,480 9,508 45.0 45.2 45.3 45.3

Education and health services.................. 17,855 18,124 18,162 18,218 77.0 77.0 77.1 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,337 8,536 8,560 8,575 51.9 52.5 52.5 52.6

Other services..................................... 3,052 3,098 3,119 3,127 52.8 53.0 53.2 53.2

Government............................................. 12,806 12,846 12,860 12,873 57.4 57.5 57.6 57.6

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

Total private............................................................................... 102,395 103,892 104,086 104,248

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,418 14,789 14,820 14,869

Mining and logging.................................................................. 496 542 545 550

Construction.......................................................................... 5,206 5,359 5,382 5,389

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,716 8,888 8,893 8,930

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,303 5,438 5,440 5,473

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,413 3,450 3,453 3,457

Private service-providing.............................................................. 87,977 89,103 89,266 89,379

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,142 23,437 23,486 23,468

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,727.1 4,771.7 4,780.3 4,780.1

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,485.1 13,618.3 13,645.3 13,613.9

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,481.9 4,601.9 4,616.8 4,630.7

Utilities.............................................................................. 447.4 445.0 444.0 443.4

Information............................................................................ 2,258 2,230 2,229 2,230

Financial activities................................................................... 6,575 6,626 6,638 6,647

Professional and business services............................................... 16,723 17,001 17,042 17,088

Education and health services..................................................... 20,355 20,666 20,696 20,747

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,142 14,304 14,328 14,342

Other services........................................................................ 4,782 4,839 4,847 4,857

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.8

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.3 41.7 41.6 41.5

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.7 47.2 47.6 47.8

Construction....................................................................... 39.6 40.2 40.3 39.9

Manufacturing..................................................................... 42.0 42.3 42.0 42.0

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.4 42.6 42.2 42.3

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.3 41.9 41.6 41.5

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.8 33.9 34.0 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.9 39.1 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.5 38.4 38.3 38.4

Utilities........................................................................... 42.5 43.1 42.8 42.8

Information......................................................................... 35.8 35.9 35.6 35.6

Financial activities................................................................ 37.0 37.0 36.9 36.9

Professional and business services............................................ 35.5 35.3 35.3 35.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.3 32.3 32.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.9 24.9 24.9 25.0

Other services..................................................................... 30.8 30.8 30.7 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.4 4.8 4.5 4.5

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.4 4.9 4.5 4.6

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

Total private............................................... $22.02 $22.52 $22.58 $22.62 $742.07 $761.18 $763.20 $764.56

Goods-producing....................................... 23.10 23.82 23.84 23.88 954.03 993.29 991.74 991.02

Mining and logging.................................. 27.38 27.95 28.00 28.08 1,251.27 1,319.24 1,332.80 1,342.22

Construction.......................................... 26.63 27.49 27.51 27.56 1,054.55 1,105.10 1,108.65 1,099.64

Manufacturing........................................ 20.85 21.44 21.42 21.48 875.70 906.91 899.64 902.16

Durable goods.................................... 21.82 22.41 22.36 22.45 925.17 954.67 943.59 949.64

Nondurable goods................................ 19.31 19.90 19.92 19.93 797.50 833.81 828.67 827.10

Private service-providing.............................. 21.80 22.24 22.31 22.35 708.50 722.80 725.08 726.38

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 19.35 19.75 19.84 19.86 654.03 669.53 674.56 675.24

Wholesale trade.................................. 24.71 24.88 25.05 25.22 961.22 967.83 979.46 981.06

Retail trade........................................ 15.29 15.80 15.91 15.87 461.76 478.74 483.66 484.04

Transportation and warehousing............... 21.32 21.79 21.78 21.78 820.82 836.74 834.17 836.35

Utilities............................................. 36.40 36.44 36.46 36.52 1,547.00 1,570.56 1,560.49 1,563.06

Information........................................... 30.86 31.29 31.56 31.78 1,104.79 1,123.31 1,123.54 1,131.37

Financial activities................................... 26.56 26.89 26.89 26.90 982.72 994.93 992.24 992.61

Professional and business services.............. 25.94 26.54 26.62 26.67 920.87 936.86 939.69 944.12

Education and health services..................... 23.01 23.46 23.54 23.60 740.92 757.76 760.34 762.28

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.38 13.74 13.79 13.82 333.16 342.13 343.37 345.50

Other services....................................... 20.01 20.52 20.54 20.55 616.31 632.02 630.58 630.89

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

Percent

change

from:

May

2018 -

June

2018p

June

2017

Apr.

2018

May

2018p

June

2018p

Percent

change

from:

May

2018 -

June

2018p

Total private..................................... 115.0 117.0 117.2 117.4 0.2 169.2 176.1 176.9 177.5 0.3

Goods-producing............................. 91.0 94.2 94.2 94.3 0.1 128.7 137.4 137.5 137.9 0.3

Mining and logging........................ 120.5 135.9 137.9 139.7 1.3 191.8 221.0 224.5 228.2 1.6

Construction................................ 103.2 107.9 108.6 107.7 -0.8 148.4 160.1 161.3 160.2 -0.7

Manufacturing.............................. 84.0 86.3 85.7 86.1 0.5 114.6 121.0 120.1 120.9 0.7

Durable goods........................... 84.5 87.1 86.3 87.0 0.8 115.1 121.8 120.4 121.9 1.2

Nondurable goods...................... 83.1 85.2 84.6 84.5 -0.1 113.3 119.8 119.1 119.1 0.0

Private service-providing.................... 121.8 123.3 123.6 123.7 0.1 182.0 188.1 189.0 189.6 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 109.0 110.8 111.3 111.2 -0.1 150.5 156.0 157.6 157.6 0.0

Wholesale trade......................... 108.3 109.3 110.1 109.5 -0.5 157.6 160.2 162.4 162.7 0.2

Retail trade.............................. 103.1 104.4 105.0 105.1 0.1 135.1 141.4 143.2 143.0 -0.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 129.9 133.0 133.1 133.9 0.6 175.7 183.9 183.9 184.9 0.5

Utilities.................................... 97.2 98.1 97.2 97.1 -0.1 147.7 149.2 147.9 147.9 0.0

Information................................. 92.3 91.4 90.6 90.6 0.0 141.0 141.5 141.5 142.6 0.8

Financial activities......................... 114.5 115.4 115.3 115.5 0.2 187.1 190.9 190.8 191.1 0.2

Professional and business services..... 133.1 134.5 134.8 135.6 0.6 205.4 212.4 213.6 215.2 0.7

Education and health services........... 139.7 142.3 142.5 142.9 0.3 212.2 220.4 221.4 222.6 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 129.0 130.5 130.7 131.3 0.5 196.0 203.6 204.7 206.1 0.7

Other services............................. 103.3 104.5 104.4 104.6 0.2 150.6 156.3 156.2 156.6 0.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.