For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, July 20, 2018 USDL-18-1182 

Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • ncsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ebs 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • pressoffice@bls.gov 

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS IN THE UNITED STATES – MARCH 2018

Medical care benefits were available to 69 percent of private industry workers and 89 percent of state 

and local government workers in March 2018, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. In 

private industry, access to employer-sponsored medical care benefits varied by establishment size. Fiftyfive percent of private industry workers in small establishments (those with fewer than 100 employees) 

were offered medical care benefits. These benefits were offered to 83 percent of workers in medium-size 

establishments (those employing between 100 and 499 workers) and 88 percent of workers in large 

establishments (those with 500 employees or more). In state and local government, medical care benefits 

were available to 85 percent of workers in small establishments, 86 percent of workers in medium-size 

establishments, and 92 percent of workers in large establishments. (See chart 1 and tables A and 1.) 

Chart 1. Access to medical care benefits by

establishment size and sector, March 2018

Percent

Chart 2. Private industry workers' access to paid 

leave benefits by establishment size, March 2018

Percent

In private industry, paid sick leave was available to 62 percent of workers in small establishments, 79 

percent of workers in medium-size establishments, and 87 percent of workers in large establishments. 

Additional Estimates Available Fall 2018

Retirement benefits data included in prior news releases will be published September 21, 2018, with 

information on additional employer-sponsored benefits. For all available benefits publications, see 

www.bls.gov/ncs/ncspubs.htm. 

0

20

40

60

80

100

Private industry State and local government

1 to 99 workers 100 to 499 workers 500 workers or more

0

20

40

60

80

100

Sick leave Vacation Holidays

1 to 99 workers 100 to 499 workers 500 workers or more
Small establishments provided paid vacation to 70 percent of workers, whereas the benefit was provided 

to 85 percent of those working in medium-size establishments and 89 percent of those working in large 

establishments. Access to paid holidays was available to 71 percent of workers in small establishments, 

86 percent of workers in medium-size establishments, and 88 percent of workers in large establishments. 

(See chart 2 and table 5.)

Table A. Selected employer-sponsored benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates, March 2018

(All workers = 100 percent)

Benefit

Civilian Private industry State and local government

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-up

rate

Medical care 72 52 73 69 50 72 89 70 79

Life insurance 60 59 98 57 55 98 81 80 98

NOTE: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at 

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm and the technical note.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Civilian workers

• For full-time workers, access to medical care benefits was 88 percent and the take-up rate was

74 percent. For part-time workers, access to medical care benefits was 21 percent and the takeup rate was 56 percent. (See table 1.) 

• The share of medical care premiums paid by employees was 20 percent for single coverage and 

32 percent for family coverage. (See tables 2 and 3.)

• Life insurance was available to 17 percent of workers with an average wage in the lowest 10 

percent category and to 85 percent of workers with an average wage in the highest 10 percent 

category. The take-up rate was 89 percent for the lowest 10 percent category and 99 percent for 

the highest 10 percent category. (See table 4.)

Private industry workers

• For union workers, access to medical care benefits was 94 percent and access to life insurance 

was 85 percent. Nonunion workers' access to these benefits was 66 percent for medical care and 

54 percent for life insurance. (See tables 1 and 4.) 

• The shares of medical care premiums paid by employees for single coverage was 19 percent for 

establishments employing 500 workers or more and 23 percent for establishments employing 50 

to 99 workers. For family coverage, the employees' share of medical care premiums was 24 

percent for establishments employing 500 workers or more and 40 percent for establishments 

employing 50 to 99 workers. (See tables 2 and 3.) 

State and local government workers

• Life insurance was available to 91 percent of full-time workers and 89 percent participated. The 

benefit was available to 24 percent of part-time workers and 23 percent participated. (See table 

4.) 

• Ninety-one percent of workers had access to paid sick leave. Access to paid vacation was 61 

percent and to paid holidays was 68 percent. (See table 5.) 

- 2 -
TECHNICAL NOTE

Estimates in this release are from the National Compensation Survey (NCS), conducted by the U.S. 

Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). This news release contains March 2018

estimates on the incidence (access to and participation in) of selected employer-sponsored benefits and 

the share of premiums paid by employers and employees for medical plans for civilian, private industry, 

and state and local government workers in the United States. Workers in the civilian economy are 

defined as those employed in private industry and state and local government. Excluded from the 

civilian economy are workers employed in federal and quasi-federal agencies, military personnel, 

agricultural workers, volunteers, unpaid workers, individuals receiving long-term disability 

compensation, and those working overseas. In addition, private industry excludes workers in private 

households, the self-employed, workers who set their own pay (e.g., proprietors, owners, major 

stockholders, and partners in unincorporated firms), and family members paid token wages.

The NCS provides comprehensive measures of compensation cost levels and trends and also provides 

benefits incidence estimates on the percentage of workers with access to and participating in employerprovided benefit plans. The survey covers a broad range of benefits including paid leave, life insurance, 

and detailed provisions for health care and retirement plans. Archived NCS releases are available at 

www.bls.gov/ncs/ncspubs.htm. 

Comparing private and public sector data: Employee benefits in state and local government should 

not be directly compared to private industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such 

as variation in work activities and occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make 

up a large part of private industry work activities but are rare in state and local government. 

Administrative support and professional occupations (including teachers) account for two-thirds of the 

state and local government workforce, compared with one-half of private industry. 

Standard errors: To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of benefits estimates, standard errors are 

made available with publication of the news release. Standard errors provide users a measure of the 

precision of an estimate to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for its intended purpose. For 

further information see www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/nb_var.htm.

Leave benefits for teachers: Primary, secondary, and special education teachers typically have a work 

schedule of 37 or 38 weeks per year. Because of this work schedule, they are generally not offered 

vacations or holidays. In many cases, the time off during winter and spring breaks during the school year 

are not considered vacation days for the purposes of this survey. 

Medical plan premiums: The estimates for medical plan premiums are not based on actual decisions 

regarding medical coverage made by employees; instead they are based on the assumption that all 

employees in the occupation can opt for single or family coverage. Monthly premiums are collected 

when possible. Annual premiums are converted to monthly premiums by dividing by 12 months. 

Sample rotation: One-third of the private industry sample is rotated each year except in years when the 

government sample is replaced. The government sample is replaced less frequently than the private 

industry sample. The state and local government sample was replaced in its entirety for the March 2017 

reference period.

- 3 -
Sample size:

Survey establishment response, March 2018

Establishments Civilian Private 

industry

State and local

governments

Total in sampling frame1 6,272,201 6,039,629 232,572

 Total in sample 11,478 9,881 1,597

 Responding2 8,032 6,588 1,444

 Refused3 2,424 2,284 140

 Out of business or not in survey scope 1,022 1,009 13 1 The sampling frame was developed from state unemployment insurance reports and is based on the 2012 North American Industry 

Classification System (NAICS). With some minor exceptions, an establishment is a single economic unit that engages in one, or 

predominantly one, type of economic activity. For private industry, the establishment is usually at a single physical location such as a 

mine, factory, office, or store; if a sampled establishment is owned by a larger entity with many locations, only the employment and 

characteristics of the establishment selected for the sample are considered for the survey. For state and local governments, an 

establishment can include more than one physical location, such as a school district or a police department. 2 Establishments that provided data at the initial interview.

3 Establishments that did not provide data at the initial interview. Data for establishments not responding at the time of update 

interviews are imputed. For information on nonresponse adjustment and imputation, see “National Compensation Measures,” BLS 

Handbook of Methods available at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Survey scope:

Number of workers represented, March 2018

Occupational group1 Civilian2 Private 

industry2

State and local

governments2

All workers 137,310,900 118,068,300 19,242,600

 Management, professional, and related 42,783,300 31,749,100 11,034,300

 Management, business, and financial 13,068,900 11,447,500 -

 Professional and related 29,714,500 20,301,600 9,412,900

 Teachers 6,576,300 - 5,088,100

 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers 4,532,400 - 3,881,300

 Registered nurses 3,110,500 - -

 Service 29,942,100 26,034,800 3,907,300

 Protective service 3,379,800 1,514,900 1,864,900

 Sales and office 32,990,300 30,291,200 2,699,000

 Sales and related 12,241,200 12,155,100 -

 Office and administrative support 20,749,100 18,136,200 2,613,000

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 11,377,700 10,532,700 845,000

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry 5,543,300 5,060,200 -

 Installation, maintenance, and repair 5,834,300 5,472,400 -

 Production, transportation, and material moving 20,217,500 19,460,600 757,000

 Production 9,565,000 9,447,500 -

 Transportation and material moving 10,652,500 10,013,100 -

1 The 2010 Standard Occupational Classification system is used to classify workers.

2 The numbers of workers represented by the survey are rounded to the nearest 100. Estimates of the number of workers provide a

description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. Estimates are not intended, however, for 

comparison to other statistical series to measure employment trends or levels.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no estimates for this characteristic 

are provided in this publication.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

- 4 -
Calculations for average wage categories: Estimates by worker average wage are grouped into six 

wage categories- the lowest 10 percent, the lowest 25 percent, the second 25 percent, the third 25 

percent, the highest 25 percent, and the highest 10 percent. The categories use percentile values based on 

unpublished March 2018 wages and salaries from the BLS Employer Costs for Employee Compensation

publication.

The percentiles are computed using average hourly earnings from sampled occupations within an 

establishment. Establishments in the survey are asked to report only individual worker earnings and 

scheduled hours of work for each sampled job. For the calculation of the percentile values, the 

individual worker hourly wages are weighted and arrayed from lowest to highest. The values 

corresponding to the percentiles are: 

Characteristics

Average hourly wage percentiles

10 25

50 

(median) 75 90

Civilian $10.28 $13.18 $19.87 $31.55 $47.78

 Private industry $10.00 $12.75 $18.78 $30.08 $46.73

 State and local government $13.47 $18.14 $26.94 $38.41 $52.36

Individual workers can fall into a wage category different from the average for the occupation into 

which they are classified because average hourly wages for the occupation are used to produce the 

benefit estimates.

Definitions of major terms:

Access: Employees are considered to have access to a benefit plan if it is available for their use. For 

example, if an employee is permitted to participate in a medical plan offered by the employer, but the 

employee declines to do so, he or she is placed in a category with those having access to medical care

benefits. 

Participation: Employees in contributory plans are considered participants if they have paid required 

contributions and fulfilled any applicable service requirements. Employees in noncontributory plans are 

counted as participating regardless of whether they have fulfilled the service requirements. Note that the 

term "incidence" can refer to either rates of access or rates of participation in a benefit plan.

Take-up rate: The percentage of workers with access to a plan and who participate in the plan.

Medical care benefits provide services or payments for services rendered in the hospital or by a 

qualified medical care provider.

Obtaining information: For technical information on survey methods, see "National Compensation 

Measures," in the BLS Handbook of Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm. The Concepts 

section of the Handbook provides definitions for worker and establishment characteristics, including 

geographic areas. For BLS research articles on employee benefits, see the Monthly Labor Review at 

www.bls.gov/opub/mlr, Beyond the Numbers: Pay and Benefits at www.bls.gov/opub/btn and The 

Economics Daily at www.bls.gov/opub/ted. 

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

- 5 -
Table 1. Medical care benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates, March 2018

[All workers = 100 percent]

Characteristics

Civilian1 Private industry State and local government

Access Participation Take-up

rate2 Access Participation Take-up

rate2 Access Participation Take-uprate2

All workers.................................... 72 52 73 69 50 72 89 70 79

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related

occupations................................ 89 68 77 87 66 76 92 72 78

Management, business, and financial

occupations.............................. 95 72 76 95 72 75 – – –

Professional and related occupations... 86 66 77 83 63 76 91 71 78

Teachers................................. 84 65 77 – – – 92 71 77

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers. . . . . .. 94 71 76 – – – 99 75 76

Registered nurses...................... 88 65 74 – – – – – –

Service occupations......................... 47 31 66 42 26 62 81 64 79

Protective service occupations.......... 75 55 74 57 35 62 89 71 80

Sales and office occupations............... 68 48 70 66 45 69 89 74 84

Sales and related occupations. . . . . ..... 54 35 65 54 35 65 – – –

Office and administrative support

occupations.............................. 76 55 73 74 53 71 90 75 84

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance occupations................ 75 59 78 73 57 78 95 75 79

Construction, extraction, farming,

fishing, and forestry occupations. . . .. 69 56 81 67 55 82 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair

occupations.............................. 80 61 76 78 59 76 – – –

Production, transportation, and material

moving occupations....................... 77 56 73 77 56 73 84 67 79

Production occupations................... 81 61 75 81 61 75 – – –

Transportation and material moving

occupations.............................. 73 51 70 73 51 70 – – –

Full time....................................... 88 65 74 86 63 73 99 79 80

Part time...................................... 21 12 56 21 11 54 27 19 70

Union.......................................... 95 75 80 94 77 81 95 74 78

Nonunion...................................... 68 49 72 66 47 71 84 68 81

Average wage within the following

categories:3

Lowest 25 percent........................... 38 23 60 35 20 58 72 57 79

Lowest 10 percent........................ 25 13 50 24 12 49 60 47 78

Second 25 percent........................... 76 55 72 72 51 70 93 75 80

Third 25 percent.............................. 87 66 76 86 64 75 97 78 80

Highest 25 percent........................... 93 73 78 92 72 78 95 74 77

Highest 10 percent........................ 93 74 79 93 74 79 93 75 80

See footnotes at end of table.

- 6 -
Table 1. Medical care benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates, March 2018 — Continued

[All workers = 100 percent]

Characteristics

Civilian1 Private industry State and local government

Access Participation Take-up

rate2 Access Participation Take-up

rate2 Access Participation Take-uprate2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries................ 85 67 79 85 67 79 – – –

Service-providing industries................ 69 50 72 66 46 70 89 70 79

Education and health services........... 79 58 74 73 52 71 90 70 78

Educational services................... 86 66 77 74 55 74 90 70 77

Elementary and secondary

schools.............................. 88 66 75 – – – 90 68 76

Junior colleges, colleges,

universities, and professional

schools.............................. 90 72 80 90 69 76 90 74 82

Health care and social assistance.... 74 53 71 73 51 70 91 75 83

Hospitals.............................. 91 65 72 – – – 90 75 83

Public administration...................... 90 74 82 – – – 90 74 82

1 to 99 workers............................... 57 41 71 55 39 70 85 68 80

1 to 49 workers............................ 52 37 71 51 36 71 82 66 80

50 to 99 workers.......................... 71 50 71 69 48 69 89 70 79

100 workers or more........................ 86 64 74 85 62 73 90 71 79

100 to 499 workers....................... 83 60 72 83 59 71 86 67 78

500 workers or more...................... 89 69 77 88 68 76 92 73 80

Geographic areas

Northeast...................................... 72 53 74 70 51 73 87 68 78

New England............................... 73 53 72 70 51 72 88 64 72

Middle Atlantic............................. 72 54 74 70 51 73 87 70 80

South.......................................... 72 52 72 68 48 70 93 75 82

South Atlantic.............................. 70 51 73 67 48 71 91 73 81

East South Central........................ 73 52 71 70 47 68 92 78 85

West South Central....................... 74 53 72 71 49 69 96 77 80

Midwest....................................... 70 50 71 67 47 70 85 64 76

East North Central........................ 69 50 72 67 47 71 84 66 78

West North Central........................ 71 49 70 68 47 70 88 62 71

West........................................... 73 56 76 71 53 75 88 70 79

Mountain.................................... 74 54 73 72 52 72 86 64 74

Pacific....................................... 73 56 78 70 54 77 89 72 81

1

Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation.

2 The take-up rate is calculated from the unrounded percentage of workers with access to a plan and who participate in the plan.

3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation

Survey publication, ′′Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2018.′′

NOTE: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the ′′Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms′′ at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

- 7 -
Table 2. Medical plans: Share of premiums paid by employer and employee for single coverage, March 2018

[In percent]

Characteristics

Civilian1 Private industry State and local

government

Employer

share of

premium

Employee

share of

premium

Employer

share of

premium

Employee

share of

premium

Employer

share of

premium

Employee

share of

premium

All workers participating in single coverage medical plans....... 80 20 79 21 86 14

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related occupations............. 81 19 80 20 85 15

Management, business, and financial occupations............. 79 21 78 22 – –

Professional and related occupations............................ 82 18 81 19 85 15

Teachers........................................................... 83 17 – – 85 15

Primary, secondary, and special education school

teachers...................................................... 84 16 – – 85 15

Registered nurses................................................ 81 19 – – – –

Service occupations................................................... 80 20 78 22 88 12

Protective service occupations.................................... 86 14 79 21 89 11

Sales and office occupations......................................... 79 21 78 22 88 12

Sales and related occupations.................................... 77 23 77 23 – –

Office and administrative support occupations.................. 80 20 78 22 88 12

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations.......................................................... 80 20 79 21 89 11

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry

occupations........................................................ 80 20 79 21 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.............. 79 21 79 21 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. .. 79 21 79 21 86 14

Production occupations............................................. 79 21 79 21 – –

Transportation and material moving occupations............... 79 21 79 21 – –

Full time................................................................. 80 20 79 21 87 13

Part time................................................................ 78 22 77 23 85 15

Union.................................................................... 86 14 87 13 86 14

Nonunion................................................................ 79 21 77 23 87 13

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent..................................................... 76 24 75 25 87 13

Lowest 10 percent.................................................. 75 25 76 24 88 12

Second 25 percent.................................................... 79 21 78 22 87 13

Third 25 percent....................................................... 81 19 79 21 86 14

Highest 25 percent.................................................... 82 18 81 19 85 15

Highest 10 percent.................................................. 82 18 81 19 85 15

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries.......................................... 80 20 80 20 – –

Service-providing industries.......................................... 80 20 78 22 86 14

Education and health services.................................... 82 18 79 21 85 15

Educational services............................................. 84 16 78 22 85 15

Elementary and secondary schools......................... 84 16 – – 85 15

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional

schools....................................................... 84 16 79 21 86 14

Health care and social assistance............................. 80 20 79 21 87 13

Hospitals........................................................ 83 17 – – 87 13

Public administration................................................ 88 12 – – 88 12

1 to 99 workers........................................................ 79 21 78 22 87 13

1 to 49 workers...................................................... 79 21 78 22 89 11

50 to 99 workers.................................................... 78 22 77 23 86 14

100 workers or more.................................................. 81 19 79 21 86 14

100 to 499 workers................................................. 80 20 78 22 87 13

500 workers or more................................................ 82 18 81 19 86 14

See footnotes at end of table.

- 8 -
Table 2. Medical plans: Share of premiums paid by employer and employee for single coverage, March

2018 — Continued

[In percent]

Characteristics

Civilian1 Private industry State and local

government

Employer

share of

premium

Employee

share of

premium

Employer

share of

premium

Employee

share of

premium

Employer

share of

premium

Employee

share of

premium

Geographic areas

Northeast................................................................ 81 19 81 19 85 15

New England........................................................ 78 22 78 22 78 22

Middle Atlantic....................................................... 82 18 81 19 87 13

South.................................................................... 79 21 77 23 87 13

South Atlantic........................................................ 79 21 77 23 86 14

East South Central.................................................. 80 20 77 23 88 12

West South Central................................................. 79 21 77 23 87 13

Midwest................................................................. 80 20 78 22 87 13

East North Central.................................................. 79 21 78 22 85 15

West North Central................................................. 81 19 79 21 90 10

West..................................................................... 81 19 80 20 87 13

Mountain............................................................. 79 21 78 22 87 13

Pacific................................................................. 82 18 81 19 87 13

1

Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation.

2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation

Survey publication, ′′Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2018.′′

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet

publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the ′′Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms′′ at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

- 9 -
Table 3. Medical plans: Share of premiums paid by employer and employee for family coverage, March 2018

[In percent]

Characteristics

Civilian1 Private industry State and local

government

Employer

share of

premium

Employee

share of

premium

Employer

share of

premium

Employee

share of

premium

Employer

share of

premium

Employee

share of

premium

All workers participating in family coverage medical plans....... 68 32 67 33 71 29

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related occupations............. 68 32 67 33 70 30

Management, business, and financial occupations............. 69 31 68 32 – –

Professional and related occupations............................ 68 32 67 33 69 31

Teachers........................................................... 66 34 – – 66 34

Primary, secondary, and special education school

teachers...................................................... 65 35 – – 65 35

Registered nurses................................................ 68 32 – – – –

Service occupations................................................... 64 36 60 40 73 27

Protective service occupations.................................... 74 26 67 33 78 22

Sales and office occupations......................................... 66 34 65 35 73 27

Sales and related occupations.................................... 64 36 64 36 – –

Office and administrative support occupations.................. 66 34 65 35 73 27

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations.......................................................... 68 32 67 33 75 25

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry

occupations........................................................ 68 32 67 33 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.............. 68 32 67 33 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. .. 71 29 71 29 70 30

Production occupations............................................. 72 28 72 28 – –

Transportation and material moving occupations............... 69 31 69 31 – –

Full time................................................................. 68 32 67 33 71 29

Part time................................................................ 62 38 61 39 70 30

Union.................................................................... 80 20 83 17 76 24

Nonunion................................................................ 64 36 64 36 67 33

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent..................................................... 59 41 58 42 66 34

Lowest 10 percent.................................................. 59 41 62 38 62 38

Second 25 percent.................................................... 65 35 65 35 74 26

Third 25 percent....................................................... 69 31 67 33 70 30

Highest 25 percent.................................................... 71 29 71 29 75 25

Highest 10 percent.................................................. 73 27 72 28 76 24

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries.......................................... 72 28 71 29 – –

Service-providing industries.......................................... 67 33 65 35 71 29

Education and health services.................................... 65 35 62 38 68 32

Educational services............................................. 67 33 66 34 67 33

Elementary and secondary schools......................... 65 35 – – 65 35

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional

schools....................................................... 71 29 71 29 72 28

Health care and social assistance............................. 63 37 62 38 75 25

Hospitals........................................................ 73 27 – – 75 25

Public administration................................................ 77 23 – – 77 23

1 to 99 workers........................................................ 64 36 62 38 74 26

1 to 49 workers...................................................... 64 36 63 37 73 27

50 to 99 workers.................................................... 63 37 60 40 74 26

100 workers or more.................................................. 70 30 70 30 71 29

100 to 499 workers................................................. 66 34 65 35 72 28

500 workers or more................................................ 74 26 76 24 70 30

See footnotes at end of table.

- 10 -
Table 3. Medical plans: Share of premiums paid by employer and employee for family coverage, March

2018 — Continued

[In percent]

Characteristics

Civilian1 Private industry State and local

government

Employer

share of

premium

Employee

share of

premium

Employer

share of

premium

Employee

share of

premium

Employer

share of

premium

Employee

share of

premium

Geographic areas

Northeast................................................................ 73 27 71 29 83 17

New England........................................................ 73 27 72 28 77 23

Middle Atlantic....................................................... 74 26 71 29 84 16

South.................................................................... 63 37 63 37 63 37

South Atlantic........................................................ 64 36 63 37 66 34

East South Central.................................................. 64 36 64 36 62 38

West South Central................................................. 61 39 61 39 58 42

Midwest................................................................. 70 30 69 31 74 26

East North Central.................................................. 71 29 70 30 76 24

West North Central................................................. 68 32 67 33 71 29

West..................................................................... 68 32 66 34 75 25

Mountain............................................................. 66 34 65 35 72 28

Pacific................................................................. 68 32 66 34 77 23

1

Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation.

2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation

Survey publication, ′′Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2018.′′

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet

publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the ′′Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms′′ at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

- 11 -
Table 4. Life insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates, March 2018

[All workers = 100 percent]

Characteristics

Civilian1 Private industry State and local government

Access Participation Take-up

rate2 Access Participation Take-up

rate2 Access Participation Take-uprate2

All workers.................................... 60 59 98 57 55 98 81 80 98

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related

occupations................................ 79 78 99 78 77 99 83 81 98

Management, business, and financial

occupations.............................. 83 82 99 82 82 99 – – –

Professional and related occupations... 77 76 99 75 74 99 82 80 98

Teachers................................. 76 74 98 – – – 82 80 98

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers. . . . . .. 83 82 98 – – – 87 86 98

Registered nurses...................... 83 82 99 – – – – – –

Service occupations......................... 36 35 96 30 29 95 75 74 97

Protective service occupations.......... 67 65 97 43 41 95 86 84 98

Sales and office occupations............... 57 55 98 54 53 98 82 80 97

Sales and related occupations. . . . . ..... 42 40 96 42 40 96 – – –

Office and administrative support

occupations.............................. 65 64 99 63 62 99 82 80 97

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance occupations................ 56 55 98 53 52 98 89 88 99

Construction, extraction, farming,

fishing, and forestry occupations. . . .. 48 47 98 44 43 98 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair

occupations.............................. 64 62 98 62 60 98 – – –

Production, transportation, and material

moving occupations....................... 64 62 97 64 62 97 80 78 98

Production occupations................... 66 65 98 66 65 98 – – –

Transportation and material moving

occupations.............................. 62 60 96 61 59 95 – – –

Full time....................................... 75 73 98 72 70 98 91 89 98

Part time...................................... 14 13 90 14 12 89 24 23 95

Union.......................................... 87 84 97 85 82 96 89 87 98

Nonunion...................................... 56 55 98 54 53 98 75 73 97

Average wage within the following

categories:3

Lowest 25 percent........................... 27 25 93 24 22 93 65 63 97

Lowest 10 percent........................ 17 15 89 15 13 86 52 50 96

Second 25 percent........................... 63 61 97 58 57 97 87 85 97

Third 25 percent.............................. 75 74 99 72 71 99 87 86 98

Highest 25 percent........................... 84 83 99 83 82 99 88 86 98

Highest 10 percent........................ 85 84 99 85 85 99 84 82 97

See footnotes at end of table.

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Table 4. Life insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates, March 2018 — Continued

[All workers = 100 percent]

Characteristics

Civilian1 Private industry State and local government

Access Participation Take-up

rate2 Access Participation Take-up

rate2 Access Participation Take-uprate2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries................ 69 68 98 69 68 98 – – –

Service-providing industries................ 59 57 98 54 53 98 82 80 98

Education and health services........... 70 69 99 64 64 99 82 80 97

Educational services................... 78 77 98 68 67 99 81 79 98

Elementary and secondary

schools.............................. 78 76 98 – – – 79 78 98

Junior colleges, colleges,

universities, and professional

schools.............................. 87 85 97 88 87 99 86 83 96

Health care and social assistance.... 66 65 99 64 63 100 87 84 96

Hospitals.............................. 89 88 99 – – – 87 83 95

Public administration...................... 83 81 98 – – – 83 81 98

1 to 99 workers............................... 43 42 98 40 40 98 74 73 99

1 to 49 workers............................ 37 36 98 35 35 98 69 68 99

50 to 99 workers.......................... 59 57 97 56 54 97 79 78 99

100 workers or more........................ 78 76 98 76 74 98 84 81 97

100 to 499 workers....................... 71 70 97 70 69 97 79 76 97

500 workers or more...................... 85 83 98 84 83 98 86 84 97

Geographic areas

Northeast...................................... 60 59 98 56 55 98 82 80 97

New England............................... 64 62 97 61 60 98 82 75 92

Middle Atlantic............................. 58 57 99 54 54 99 82 81 99

South.......................................... 61 60 97 58 56 97 82 80 97

South Atlantic.............................. 61 60 98 57 56 98 85 82 97

East South Central........................ 60 58 96 57 55 96 74 72 96

West South Central....................... 62 60 97 58 57 97 83 81 97

Midwest....................................... 62 60 97 59 58 97 81 79 98

East North Central........................ 62 60 97 60 58 97 81 78 97

West North Central........................ 61 60 99 58 57 98 81 80 100

West........................................... 57 56 98 53 52 98 80 79 99

Mountain.................................... 61 61 99 58 57 99 82 82 100

Pacific....................................... 55 54 98 51 50 98 79 78 98

1

Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation.

2 The take-up rate is calculated from the unrounded percentage of workers with access to a plan and who participate in the plan.

3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation

Survey publication, ′′Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2018.′′

NOTE: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the ′′Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms′′ at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

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Table 5. Selected paid leave benefits: Access, March 2018

[All workers = 100 percent]

Characteristics

Civilian1 Private industry State and local government

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacation

Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacation

Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacation

Paid

holidays

All workers........................................... 74 75 77 71 77 78 91 61 68

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related

occupations........................................ 90 78 82 90 89 91 93 47 57

Management, business, and financial

occupations..................................... 94 95 95 94 96 96 – – –

Professional and related occupations.......... 89 71 76 87 85 87 93 40 52

Teachers........................................ 86 18 34 – – – 92 15 32

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers............... 96 17 30 – – – 99 13 28

Registered nurses.............................. 92 90 90 – – – – – –

Service occupations................................. 56 59 57 52 57 54 85 74 78

Protective service occupations.................. 77 79 78 60 66 63 91 89 90

Sales and office occupations...................... 76 80 83 74 80 82 92 86 88

Sales and related occupations.................. 65 71 74 65 71 74 – – –

Office and administrative support

occupations..................................... 82 86 88 81 86 88 93 87 88

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance occupations........................ 65 77 80 63 75 79 96 97 96

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry occupations........................... 54 65 70 50 62 68 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair

occupations..................................... 76 88 89 75 88 89 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................ 66 82 84 65 83 85 89 62 73

Production occupations.......................... 63 87 90 63 87 90 – – –

Transportation and material moving

occupations..................................... 69 78 79 68 79 80 – – –

Full time.............................................. 85 87 88 82 90 90 99 67 74

Part time.............................................. 40 38 43 39 40 44 44 24 33

Union.................................................. 90 75 81 83 89 90 97 58 70

Nonunion............................................. 71 75 76 70 76 77 86 63 67

Average wage within the following

categories:2

Lowest 25 percent................................... 47 53 55 45 52 54 79 59 65

Lowest 10 percent................................ 31 43 43 31 41 40 65 44 52

Second 25 percent.................................. 77 84 83 73 83 82 95 85 89

Third 25 percent..................................... 86 89 90 83 90 91 97 63 70

Highest 25 percent.................................. 92 80 84 90 91 93 95 41 53

Highest 10 percent............................... 93 80 84 92 92 93 93 37 49

See footnotes at end of table.

- 14 -
Table 5. Selected paid leave benefits: Access, March 2018 — Continued

[All workers = 100 percent]

Characteristics

Civilian1 Private industry State and local government

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacation

Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacation

Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacation

Paid

holidays

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries........................ 69 87 90 68 87 90 – – –

Service-providing industries........................ 75 73 75 71 75 76 91 60 68

Education and health services.................. 87 69 74 84 82 84 92 45 55

Educational services........................... 90 41 53 81 56 64 92 37 50

Elementary and secondary schools....... 92 27 39 – – – 93 26 39

Junior colleges, colleges, universities,

and professional schools................ 89 71 82 86 73 84 90 69 81

Health care and social assistance........... 85 87 88 84 86 88 92 92 92

Hospitals...................................... 94 93 94 – – – 92 92 91

Public administration............................. 92 90 91 – – – 92 90 91

1 to 99 workers...................................... 63 69 71 62 70 71 89 55 64

1 to 49 workers................................... 61 69 70 60 69 70 86 66 70

50 to 99 workers.................................. 69 69 73 66 73 75 92 44 57

100 workers or more................................ 84 81 83 82 86 87 92 63 70

100 to 499 workers............................... 80 82 84 79 85 86 90 61 69

500 workers or more............................. 89 81 83 87 89 88 93 63 70

Geographic areas

Northeast............................................. 77 75 77 75 78 80 90 57 64

New England...................................... 79 74 77 78 78 80 90 55 60

Middle Atlantic.................................... 76 75 77 74 78 79 90 58 65

South.................................................. 71 76 78 67 78 79 92 62 69

South Atlantic..................................... 70 76 78 67 77 78 91 66 78

East South Central............................... 67 75 78 62 78 79 90 60 71

West South Central............................... 75 75 77 71 79 81 94 56 56

Midwest............................................... 67 74 74 64 76 76 89 55 66

East North Central................................ 67 74 75 64 76 76 88 55 69

West North Central............................... 69 73 74 65 76 76 91 57 61

West................................................... 82 76 77 81 78 78 93 67 72

Mountain........................................... 72 78 77 69 81 79 88 60 66

Pacific.............................................. 87 75 77 86 76 78 95 70 74

1

Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation.

2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation

Survey publication, ′′Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2018.′′

NOTE: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the ′′Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms′′ at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

- 15 -