1

Technical information: (202) 691-6378

 http://www.bls.gov/cps/

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 03-369

For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT

Wednesday, July 9, 2003

EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES IN 2002

In 2002, 7.8 percent of families had an unemployed member, up from 6.6 percent the year before,

the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. This was the second

consecutive increase in this proportion. Of the nation’s 74.2 million families, 82.4 percent had at least

one employed member in 2002, down by 0.4 percentage point from 2001.

These data on employment, unemployment, and family relationships are collected as part of the Current

Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 households. Families include

married-couple families, as well as families maintained by a man or woman with no spouse present. For

further information about the CPS, see the Technical Note.

Families and Unemployment

In an average week in 2002, 5.8 million families had at least one member who was unemployed, an

increase of 962,000 families from 2001. The proportion of families with an unemployed member was

higher for black families (13.1 percent) than for either white families (7.0 percent) or Hispanic families

(11.2 percent). For all three groups, the proportion of families with an unemployed person was higher

than in 2001. (See table 1.)

In 2002, among the families with unemployment, 71.0 percent had at least one employed member,

down from 72.1 percent in 2001. For white families with an unemployed member, 74.0 percent also

contained someone who was employed in 2002, compared with 71.1 percent of Hispanic families and

59.3 percent of black families. Over the year, this proportion was down for each group.

Overall, 82.1 percent of married-couple families with unemployment had an employed member. In

comparison, 58.7 percent of families with some unemployment maintained by men and 47.7 percent of

such families maintained by women also had at least one employed member. (See table 3.)

The estimates for 2001 and 2002 in this release incorporate new population controls

reflecting Census 2000 results. Consequently, the 2001 data appearing in this release may differ

from those published earlier, which were based on population controls derived from the 1990

census. Estimates for 2001 and 2002 are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years.

For further information, see the Technical Note.

Changes in Family Data
2

Families and Employment

In 2002, 79.0 percent of black families had at least one employed member, down by 0.9 percentage

point from the prior year. The proportion of white families (82.6 percent) and Hispanic families (86.5 percent) with an employed member decreased by 0.3 and 0.7 percentage point, respectively. (See table 1.)

Among married-couple families, 83.5 percent had an employed person, little changed from 2001. The

proportion with an employed member fell from 77.7 percent to 77.0 percent over the year for families

maintained by women (no spouse present) and from 86.2 percent to 85.1 percent for those maintained by

men (no spouse present). (See table 2.)

The proportion of married-couple families in which only the husband worked increased over the year,

while the proportion of dual-earner couples declined. Married-couple families in which only the wife worked

increased to 6.4 percent of all married-couple families, the highest rate since the series began in 1994.

(See table 2.)

Families with Children

Of the 35.2 million families with children under 18, the percent that had an employed parent fell by

0.7 percentage point to 90.7 percent, the second straight yearly decline. Among families with children under

18 maintained by unmarried fathers, the percent with an employed parent was down by 1.2 percentage

points in 2002 to 83.9 percent. Families with children under 18 maintained by unmarried mothers had a

1.0 percentage point decline to 73.4 percent with an employed parent. Among married-couple families with

children under 18, 96.7 percent had an employed member in 2002, about unchanged from the prior year.

(See table 4.)

Mothers

The overall labor force participation rate of mothers with children under 18, at 71.8 percent, was about

unchanged over the year. However, the labor force participation rate for married mothers fell by 0.5 percentage point to 69.0 percent in 2002. This continued a trend of decreasing labor force participation by

married mothers that began in 1997. (See table 5.)

The unemployment rate for unmarried mothers—those who were single, widowed, divorced, or separated—with children under 18 increased by 1.6 percentage points to 9.5 percent in 2002. The jobless rate

for married mothers increased by 0.7 percentage point to 4.1 percent. (See table 5.)

For mothers of children under age 1, the unemployment rate increased from 7.7 percent in 2001 to

9.4 percent in 2002. The rate for unmarried mothers of children under age 1 grew from 16.7 percent to

19.6 percent in 2002. (See table 6.)
Technical Note

The estimates in this release are based on annual average

data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national

sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted monthly

for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau.

The information relates to the labor force status of persons 16

years old and over in the civilian noninstitutional population

during an “average” week of the year.

The estimates for 2001 and 2002 presented in this release

incorporate the use of Census 2000-based population controls.

Sample results from the CPS are weighted up to independent

estimates of the population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic/nonHispanic origin. The weights, or population controls, are developed using counts of the civilian noninstitutional population

derived from the decennial census and are updated using information from administrative records. Previously published estimates of employment characteristics of families in 2001 were

based on population controls from the 1990 census. Consequently, the estimates for 2001 appearing in this release may

differ from those previously published, and the estimates for

2001 and 2002 are not strictly comparable with estimates for

earlier years. For a discussion of the introduction of Census

2000 population controls and the impact their introduction had

on CPS data, see “Revisions to the Current Population Survey

Effective in January 2003” in the February 2003 issue of Employment and Earnings and available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/

rvcps03.pdf on the BLS Web site.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request: Voice phone:

202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number:

1-800-877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and

nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they

represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies

depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability

is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is

about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard

errors from the “true” population value because of sampling error.

BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of

confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain

information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and

information on estimating standard errors, see the “Explanatory

Notes and Estimates of Error” section of Employment and Earnings.

Definitions

The principal definitions used in this release are described

below.

Family. A family is a group of two or more persons residing

together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption. The

count of families is for “primary” families only, that is, the householder and all other persons related to and residing with the

householder. Families are classified either as married-couple

families or as families maintained by women or men without

spouses.

Householder. The householder is the family reference person. This is the person (or one of the persons) in whose name

the housing unit is owned or rented. The relationship of other

individuals in the household is defined in terms of relationship

to the householder.

Married, spouse present; other marital status. These terms

denote the marital status of individuals at the time of interview.

Married, spouse present, refers to husbands and wives living

together in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, or for other reasons. Other marital status includes persons

who are never-married; married, spouse absent; widowed; or

divorced. Married, spouse absent relates to persons who are

separated due to marital problems, as well as husbands and

wives who are living apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on duty with the Armed Forces, or any other

reasons.

Children. Data on children refer to own children and include

sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children, of the

husband, wife, or person maintaining the family. Not included

are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, other related children, and

all unrelated children living in the household.

Employed. Employed persons are (a) all those who, during

the survey reference week, did any work at all as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their own

farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a

family-operated enterprise; and (b) all those who did not work

but had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily

absent due to illness, bad weather, vacation, child-care problems, labor disputes, or personal reasons, whether or not they

were paid for the time off and whether or not they were seeking

other jobs.

Unemployed. The unemployed are persons who had no

employment during the reference week, were available for

work at that time, and had made specific efforts to find
emploment sometime during the 4-week period ending with

the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled

to a job from which they had been laid off need not be

looking for work to be classified as unemployed.

Civilian labor force. The civilian labor force comprises all

persons classified as employed or unemployed.

Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate is the number

unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Labor force participation rate. The labor force participation

rate is the labor force as a percent of the population.
Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic origin, 2001-02 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic 2001 2002

TOTAL

Total families ................................................................................................................................ 73,306 74,169

 With employed member(s) ..................................................................................................... 60,707 61,121

 As percent of total families ............................................................................................... 82.8 82.4

 Some usually work full time1 ......................................................................................... 56,519 56,742

 With no employed member .................................................................................................... 12,600 13,048

 As percent of total families ............................................................................................... 17.2 17.6

 With unemployed member(s) ................................................................................................. 4,847 5,809

 As percent of total families ............................................................................................... 6.6 7.8

 Some member(s) employed ................................................................................................. 3,494 4,126

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ...................................................... 72.1 71.0

 Some usually work full time1 .............................................................................................. 3,122 3,668

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ................................................... 64.4 63.1

White

Total families ................................................................................................................................ 60,921 61,494

 With employed member(s) ..................................................................................................... 50,505 50,785

 As percent of total families ............................................................................................... 82.9 82.6

 Some usually work full time1 ......................................................................................... 47,060 47,193

 With no employed member .................................................................................................... 10,416 10,709

 As percent of total families ............................................................................................... 17.1 17.4

 With unemployed member(s) ................................................................................................. 3,553 4,275

 As percent of total families ............................................................................................... 5.8 7.0

 Some member(s) employed ................................................................................................. 2,661 3,164

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ...................................................... 74.9 74.0

 Some usually work full time1 .............................................................................................. 2,379 2,808

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ................................................... 67.0 65.7

Black

Total families ................................................................................................................................ 8,674 8,845

 With employed member(s) ..................................................................................................... 6,933 6,987

 As percent of total families ............................................................................................... 79.9 79.0

 Some usually work full time1 ......................................................................................... 6,373 6,390

 With no employed member .................................................................................................... 1,742 1,858

 As percent of total families ............................................................................................... 20.1 21.0

 With unemployed member(s) ................................................................................................. 990 1,162

 As percent of total families ............................................................................................... 11.4 13.1

 Some member(s) employed ................................................................................................. 596 689

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ...................................................... 60.2 59.3

 Some usually work full time1 .............................................................................................. 533 611

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ................................................... 53.8 52.6

Hispanic origin

Total families ................................................................................................................................ 8,140 8,650

 With employed member(s) ..................................................................................................... 7,100 7,485

 As percent of total families ............................................................................................... 87.2 86.5

 Some usually work full time1 ......................................................................................... 6,692 6,989

 With no employed member .................................................................................................... 1,040 1,165

 As percent of total families ............................................................................................... 12.8 13.5

 With unemployed member(s) ................................................................................................. 809 965

 As percent of total families ............................................................................................... 9.9 11.2

 Some member(s) employed ................................................................................................. 592 686

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ...................................................... 73.2 71.1

 Some usually work full time1 .............................................................................................. 537 615

 As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ................................................... 66.4 63.7

1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.

 NOTE: Data for 2001 have been revised to reflect the

introduction of Census 2000-based population controls. Detail for

the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals

because data for the "other races" group are not presented and

Hispanics are included in both the white and black population

groups. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Table 2. Families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 2001-02 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2001 2002 2001 2002

MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES

 Total ................................................................................................................... 55,749 56,280 100.0 100.0

Member(s) employed, total .................................................................................... 46,680 46,976 83.7 83.5

 Husband only ....................................................................................................... 10,833 11,174 19.4 19.9

 Wife only .............................................................................................................. 3,257 3,613 5.8 6.4

 Husband and wife ................................................................................................ 29,241 28,873 52.5 51.3

 Other employment combinations ......................................................................... 3,350 3,317 6.0 5.9

No member(s) employed ........................................................................................ 9,068 9,303 16.3 16.5

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN1

 Total ................................................................................................................... 13,037 13,215 100.0 100.0

Members(s) employed, total ................................................................................... 10,131 10,169 77.7 77.0

 Householder only ................................................................................................. 5,667 5,944 43.5 45.0

 Householder and other member(s) ...................................................................... 2,778 2,559 21.3 19.4

 Other member(s), not householder ...................................................................... 1,686 1,666 12.9 12.6

No member(s) employed ........................................................................................ 2,906 3,047 22.3 23.1

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN1

 Total ................................................................................................................... 4,521 4,674 100.0 100.0

Members(s) employed, total ................................................................................... 3,895 3,976 86.2 85.1

 Householder only ................................................................................................. 1,875 1,939 41.5 41.5

 Householder and other member(s) ...................................................................... 1,450 1,440 32.1 30.8

 Other member(s), not householder ...................................................................... 570 598 12.6 12.8

No member(s) employed ........................................................................................ 625 698 13.8 14.9

1 No spouse present.

 NOTE: Data for 2001 have been revised to reflect the introduction

of Census 2000-based population controls. Detail may not sum to

totals due to rounding.
Table 3. Unemployment in families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 

2001-02 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2001 2002 2001 2002

MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES

With unemployed member(s), total ........................................................................ 3,081 3,772 100.0 100.0

 No member employed .......................................................................................... 531 676 17.2 17.9

 Some member(s) employed ................................................................................. 2,550 3,096 82.8 82.1

 Husband unemployed ........................................................................................ 1,160 1,523 37.7 40.4

 Wife employed ................................................................................................. 736 993 23.9 26.3

 Wife unemployed ............................................................................................... 918 1,117 29.8 29.6

 Husband employed .......................................................................................... 809 969 26.3 25.7

 Other family member unemployed ..................................................................... 1,003 1,133 32.6 30.0

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN1

With unemployed member(s), total ........................................................................ 1,324 1,504 100.0 100.0

 No member employed .......................................................................................... 643 787 48.6 52.3

 Some member(s) employed ................................................................................. 681 717 51.4 47.7

 Householder unemployed .................................................................................. 593 737 44.8 49.0

 Other member(s) employed ............................................................................. 129 147 9.7 9.8

 Other member(s) unemployed ........................................................................... 731 767 55.2 51.0

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN1

With unemployed member(s), total ........................................................................ 442 533 100.0 100.0

 No member employed .......................................................................................... 178 220 40.3 41.3

 Some member(s) employed ................................................................................. 264 313 59.7 58.7

 Householder unemployed .................................................................................. 234 303 52.9 56.8

 Other member(s) employed ............................................................................. 96 129 21.7 24.2

 Other member(s) unemployed ........................................................................... 208 230 47.1 43.2

1 No spouse present.

 NOTE: Data for 2001 have been revised to reflect the introduction

of Census 2000-based population controls. Detail may not sum to

totals due to rounding.
Table 4. Families with own children: Employment status of parents by age of youngest child and family type,

2001-02 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Number Percent distribution

2001 2002 2001 2002

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

 Total ................................................................................................................. 34,823 35,240 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed ............................................................................................ 31,834 31,955 91.4 90.7

No parent employed ........................................................................................... 2,989 3,285 8.6 9.3

Married-couple families ...................................................................................... 25,188 25,191 100.0 100.0

 Parent(s) employed .......................................................................................... 24,456 24,372 97.1 96.7

 Mother employed ........................................................................................... 17,003 16,773 67.5 66.6

 Both parents employed ................................................................................ 15,878 15,439 63.0 61.3

 Mother employed, not father ........................................................................ 1,124 1,334 4.5 5.3

 Father employed, not mother ......................................................................... 7,453 7,599 29.6 30.2

 Neither parent employed .................................................................................. 732 819 2.9 3.3

Families maintained by women1 ........................................................................ 7,725 8,053 100.0 100.0

 Mother employed ............................................................................................. 5,751 5,910 74.4 73.4

 Mother not employed ....................................................................................... 1,973 2,143 25.5 26.6

Families maintained by men1 ............................................................................. 1,911 1,995 100.0 100.0

 Father employed .............................................................................................. 1,627 1,673 85.1 83.9

 Father not employed ........................................................................................ 284 323 14.9 16.2

WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS,

NONE YOUNGER

 Total ................................................................................................................. 19,774 20,042 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed ............................................................................................ 18,179 18,313 91.9 91.4

No parent employed ........................................................................................... 1,594 1,728 8.1 8.6

Married-couple families ...................................................................................... 13,882 13,891 100.0 100.0

 Parent(s) employed .......................................................................................... 13,472 13,459 97.0 96.9

 Mother employed ........................................................................................... 10,295 10,230 74.2 73.6

 Both parents employed ................................................................................ 9,577 9,386 69.0 67.6

 Mother employed, not father ........................................................................ 718 844 5.2 6.1

 Father employed, not mother ......................................................................... 3,177 3,229 22.9 23.2

 Neither parent employed .................................................................................. 409 432 2.9 3.1

Families maintained by women1 ........................................................................ 4,779 4,959 100.0 100.0

 Mother employed ............................................................................................. 3,765 3,856 78.8 77.8

 Mother not employed ....................................................................................... 1,013 1,102 21.2 22.2

Families maintained by men1 ............................................................................. 1,113 1,193 100.0 100.0

 Father employed .............................................................................................. 942 998 84.6 83.7

 Father not employed ........................................................................................ 172 194 15.5 16.3

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS

 Total ................................................................................................................. 15,049 15,197 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed ............................................................................................ 13,655 13,641 90.7 89.8

No parent employed ........................................................................................... 1,394 1,557 9.3 10.2

Married-couple families ...................................................................................... 11,306 11,300 100.0 100.0

 Parent(s) employed .......................................................................................... 10,984 10,913 97.2 96.6

 Mother employed ........................................................................................... 6,707 6,543 59.3 57.9

 Both parents employed ................................................................................ 6,301 6,053 55.7 53.6

 Mother employed, not father ........................................................................ 406 490 3.6 4.3

 Father employed, not mother ......................................................................... 4,276 4,370 37.8 38.7

 Neither parent employed .................................................................................. 322 388 2.8 3.4

Families maintained by women1 ........................................................................ 2,946 3,094 100.0 100.0

 Mother employed ............................................................................................. 1,986 2,054 67.4 66.4

 Mother not employed ....................................................................................... 960 1,040 32.6 33.6

Families maintained by men1 ............................................................................. 797 803 100.0 100.0

 Father employed .............................................................................................. 685 674 85.9 83.9

 Father not employed ........................................................................................ 112 129 14.1 16.1

1 No spouse present.

 NOTE: Data for 2001 have been revised to reflect the introduction

of Census 2000-based population controls. Own children include

sons, daughters, step-children and adopted children. Not included are

nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated

children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.
Table 5. Employment status of the population by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children

under 18, 2001-02 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

2001 2002

Total Men Women Total Men Women

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population ..................... 64,100 28,076 36,024 64,399 28,137 36,263

 Civilian labor force ............................................ 52,489 26,551 25,938 52,566 26,529 26,036

 Participation rate ........................................... 81.9 94.6 72.0 81.6 94.3 71.8

 Employed ........................................................ 50,455 25,750 24,704 50,022 25,474 24,549

 Employment-population ratio ...................... 78.7 91.7 68.6 77.7 90.5 67.7

 Full-time workers1 ........................................ 43,424 24,964 18,460 42,884 24,644 18,240

 Part-time workers2 ........................................ 7,031 787 6,244 7,138 829 6,308

 Unemployed ................................................... 2,034 801 1,233 2,543 1,056 1,488

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 3.9 3.0 4.8 4.8 4.0 5.7

Married, spouse present

Civilian noninstitutional population ..................... 51,981 25,796 26,185 51,947 25,781 26,166

 Civilian labor force ............................................ 42,712 24,512 18,201 42,492 24,425 18,067

 Participation rate ........................................... 82.2 95.0 69.5 81.8 94.7 69.0

 Employed ........................................................ 41,431 23,849 17,581 40,867 23,533 17,334

 Employment-population ratio ...................... 79.7 92.5 67.1 78.7 91.3 66.2

 Full-time workers1 ........................................ 35,772 23,169 12,603 35,180 22,825 12,356

 Part-time workers2 ........................................ 5,659 680 4,979 5,687 708 4,979

 Unemployed ................................................... 1,282 662 619 1,625 893 733

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 3.0 2.7 3.4 3.8 3.7 4.1

Other marital status3

Civilian noninstitutional population ..................... 12,119 2,280 9,839 12,452 2,355 10,096

 Civilian labor force ............................................ 9,777 2,039 7,737 10,073 2,103 7,970

 Participation rate ........................................... 80.7 89.4 78.6 80.9 89.3 78.9

 Employed ........................................................ 9,024 1,902 7,123 9,155 1,941 7,215

 Employment-population ratio ...................... 74.5 83.4 72.4 73.5 82.4 71.5

 Full-time workers1 ........................................ 7,652 1,795 5,857 7,704 1,820 5,885

 Part-time workers2 ........................................ 1,372 107 1,265 1,451 122 1,329

 Unemployed ................................................... 752 138 614 918 163 755

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 7.7 6.8 7.9 9.1 7.8 9.5

WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS,

NONE YOUNGER

Civilian noninstitutional population ..................... 35,523 15,486 20,038 35,829 15,580 20,250

 Civilian labor force ............................................ 30,182 14,489 15,693 30,371 14,541 15,830

 Participation rate ........................................... 85.0 93.6 78.3 84.8 93.3 78.2

 Employed ........................................................ 29,174 14,096 15,078 29,122 14,023 15,099

 Employment-population ratio ...................... 82.1 91.0 75.2 81.3 90.0 74.6

 Full-time workers1 ........................................ 25,382 13,689 11,693 25,225 13,586 11,638

 Part-time workers2 ........................................ 3,792 407 3,385 3,898 437 3,461

 Unemployed ................................................... 1,008 393 615 1,249 518 731

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 3.3 2.7 3.9 4.1 3.6 4.6

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population ..................... 28,577 12,590 15,986 28,570 12,557 16,013

 Civilian labor force ............................................ 22,307 12,062 10,245 22,194 11,988 10,206

 Participation rate ........................................... 78.1 95.8 64.1 77.7 95.5 63.7

 Employed ........................................................ 21,280 11,654 9,626 20,900 11,450 9,450

 Employment-population ratio ...................... 74.5 92.6 60.2 73.2 91.2 59.0

 Full-time workers1 ........................................ 18,041 11,274 6,767 17,660 11,058 6,602

 Part-time workers2 ........................................ 3,239 380 2,859 3,240 392 2,848

 Unemployed ................................................... 1,026 408 619 1,294 538 757

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 4.6 3.4 6.0 5.8 4.5 7.4

WITH NO OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population ..................... 149,643 73,857 75,786 151,715 74,993 76,722

 Civilian labor force ............................................ 90,171 49,249 40,922 90,971 49,644 41,327

 Participation rate ........................................... 60.3 66.7 54.0 60.0 66.2 53.9

 Employed ........................................................ 85,421 46,371 39,050 85,187 46,154 39,034

 Employment-population ratio ...................... 57.1 62.8 51.5 56.1 61.5 50.9

 Full-time workers1 ........................................ 69,074 39,596 29,478 68,574 39,319 29,254

 Part-time workers2 ........................................ 16,347 6,776 9,572 16,614 6,834 9,779

 Unemployed ................................................... 4,750 2,878 1,872 5,784 3,491 2,293

 Unemployment rate ...................................... 5.3 5.8 4.6 6.4 7.0 5.5

1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs. 3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed

persons.

 NOTE: See NOTE, table 4.
Table 6. Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest child, and marital status,

2001-02 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population

Full-time

workers1

Part-time

workers2 Number Percent oflabor force

2001

TOTAL MOTHERS

With own children under 3 years old ............ 9,352 5,613 60.0 5,227 55.9 3,591 1,636 387 6.9

 2 years ........................................................ 2,844 1,868 65.7 1,751 61.6 1,218 533 117 6.3

 1 year .......................................................... 3,405 2,050 60.2 1,911 56.1 1,308 603 140 6.8

 Under 1 year ............................................... 3,103 1,695 54.6 1,565 50.4 1,065 500 130 7.7

Married, spouse present

With own children under 3 years old ............ 7,079 4,058 57.3 3,884 54.9 2,601 1,282 175 4.3

 2 years ........................................................ 2,120 1,310 61.8 1,258 59.3 839 419 53 4.0

 1 year .......................................................... 2,589 1,479 57.1 1,416 54.7 940 475 63 4.3

 Under 1 year ............................................... 2,370 1,269 53.5 1,210 51.1 822 388 59 4.6

Other marital status3

With own children under 3 years old ............ 2,269 1,555 68.5 1,343 59.2 989 352 212 13.6

 2 years ........................................................ 723 558 77.2 493 68.2 379 114 65 11.6

 1 year .......................................................... 814 571 70.1 495 60.8 367 127 76 13.3

 Under 1 year ............................................... 732 426 58.2 355 48.5 243 111 71 16.7

2002

TOTAL MOTHERS

With own children under 3 years old ............ 9,350 5,632 60.2 5,181 55.4 3,513 1,667 451 8.0

 2 years ........................................................ 2,949 1,895 64.3 1,758 59.6 1,234 524 137 7.2

 1 year .......................................................... 3,310 2,003 60.5 1,852 56.0 1,241 610 151 7.5

 Under 1 year ............................................... 3,091 1,734 56.1 1,571 50.8 1,038 533 163 9.4

Married, spouse present

With own children under 3 years old ............ 7,073 4,071 57.6 3,869 54.7 2,572 1,297 203 5.0

 2 years ........................................................ 2,201 1,333 60.6 1,274 57.9 870 404 59 4.4

 1 year .......................................................... 2,509 1,446 57.6 1,379 55.0 902 477 67 4.6

 Under 1 year ............................................... 2,363 1,292 54.7 1,216 51.5 800 416 77 6.0

Other marital status3

With own children under 3 years old ............ 2,278 1,562 68.6 1,313 57.6 941 372 248 15.9

 2 years ........................................................ 748 562 75.1 484 64.7 364 120 77 13.7

 1 year .......................................................... 802 557 69.5 473 59.0 340 134 84 15.1

 Under 1 year ............................................... 728 443 60.9 356 48.9 237 118 87 19.6

1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.

 NOTE: See NOTE, table 4.