Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-22-0344

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, March 4, 2022

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — FEBRUARY 2022

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 678,000 in February, and the unemployment rate edged 

down to 3.8 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job growth was widespread, led 

by gains in leisure and hospitality, professional and business services, health care, and construction.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

In February, the unemployment rate edged down to 3.8 percent, and the number of unemployed 

persons edged down to 6.3 million. In February 2020, prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 

the unemployment rate was 3.5 percent, and the number of unemployed persons was 5.7 million. (See 

table A-1.)

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

February 2020 – February 2022

Percent

125,000

130,000

135,000

140,000

145,000

150,000

155,000

160,000

Feb-20 May-20 Aug-20 Nov-20 Feb-21 May-21 Aug-21 Nov-21 Feb-22

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

February 2020 – February 2022

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Feb-20 May-20 Aug-20 Nov-20 Feb-21 May-21 Aug-21 Nov-21 Feb-22
-2-

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.5 percent) and Hispanics 

(4.4 percent) declined in February. The jobless rates for adult women (3.6 percent), teenagers (10.3 

percent), Whites (3.3 percent), Blacks (6.6 percent), and Asians (3.1 percent) showed little or no change 

over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff, at 888,000 in February, was little 

changed over the month. The number of permanent job losers, at 1.6 million in February, also changed 

little. Both measures are higher than their February 2020 levels of 780,000 and 1.3 million, respectively. 

(See table A-11.) 

In February, the number of persons jobless less than 5 weeks declined by 286,000 to 2.1 million. The 

number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged at 

1.7 million. This measure is 581,000 higher than in February 2020. The long-term unemployed 

accounted for 26.7 percent of the total unemployed in February 2022. (See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate, at 62.3 percent in February, changed little over the month. The 

employment-population ratio edged up to 59.9 percent. Both measures remain below their February 

2020 levels (63.4 percent and 61.2 percent, respectively). (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons increased by 418,000 to 4.1 million 

in February but remains below its February 2020 level of 4.4 million. These individuals, who would 

have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or 

they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job declined by 349,000 to 5.4 

million in February. This measure is above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals 

were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to 

the labor force, at 1.5 million, changed little in February. These individuals wanted and were available 

for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 

weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached 

who believed that no jobs were available for them, was little changed over the month at 391,000. (See 

Summary table A.) 

Household Survey Supplemental Data

In February, 13.0 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, 

down from 15.4 percent in the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or 

worked at home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey specifically because of the 

pandemic. 

In February, 4.2 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer 

closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at 

some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 6.0 

million in the previous month. Among those who reported in February that they were unable to work 

because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 20.3 percent received at least some pay from 

their employer for the hours not worked, down from 23.7 percent in January. 
-3-

Among those not in the labor force in February, 1.2 million persons were prevented from looking for 

work due to the pandemic, down from 1.8 million in the prior month. (To be counted as unemployed, 

by definition, individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.) 

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May 2020 to 

help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables 

with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at 

www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 678,000 in February but is down by 2.1 million, or 1.4 

percent, from its pre-pandemic level in February 2020. Job growth was widespread over the month, led 

by gains in leisure and hospitality, professional and business services, health care, and construction. (See 

table B-1.)

Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to increase, with a gain of 179,000 in February. Job 

growth occurred in food services and drinking places (+124,000) and in accommodation (+28,000). 

Since February 2020, employment in leisure and hospitality is down by 1.5 million, or 9.0 percent. 

Professional and business services added 95,000 jobs in February. Job gains occurred in temporary 

help services (+36,000), management of companies and enterprises (+12,000), management and 

technical consulting services (+10,000), and scientific research and development services (+8,000). 

Employment in professional and business services is 596,000 higher than in February 2020, largely in 

temporary help services (+240,000), computer systems design and related services (+154,000), and 

management and technical consulting services (+152,000). 

Employment in health care rose by 64,000 in February. Job gains occurred in home health care services 

(+20,000), offices of physicians (+15,000), and offices of other health practitioners (+12,000). 

Employment in health care is down by 306,000, or 1.9 percent, from its level in February 2020. 

Construction added 60,000 jobs in February, following little change in the prior month. About threefourths of the over-the-month job gain occurred in specialty trade contractors, with increases in both the 

residential (+24,000) and nonresidential (+20,000) components. Construction employment is slightly 

below (-11,000) its February 2020 level.

Employment in transportation and warehousing increased by 48,000 in February and is 584,000 

higher than in February 2020. Over the month, job gains continued in warehousing and storage 

(+11,000), couriers and messengers (+9,000), support activities for transportation (+9,000), and air 

transportation (+7,000). All four of these component industries have surpassed their February 2020 

employment levels, with particularly strong job growth in warehousing and storage (+420,000) and 

couriers and messengers (+240,000).

Employment in retail trade rose by 37,000 in February, with gains in building material and garden 

supply stores (+12,000), furniture and home furnishings stores (+6,000), and gasoline stations (+5,000). 

Retail trade employment is 104,000 above its level in February 2020. 
-4-

Manufacturing added 36,000 jobs in February. Employment in durable goods industries rose by 

20,000, with job gains in fabricated metal products (+11,000), machinery (+8,000), electrical equipment 

and appliances (+4,000), nonmetallic mineral products (+3,000), furniture and related products (+3,000), 

and primary metals (+3,000). These gains were partially offset by a job loss in motor vehicles and parts 

(-18,000). Nondurable goods manufacturing also added jobs over the month (+16,000). Since February 

2020, manufacturing employment is down by 178,000, or 1.4 percent. 

In February, employment in financial activities rose by 35,000. Job gains were split between finance 

and insurance (+16,000) and real estate (+16,000). Employment in financial activities is 31,000 above 

its level in February 2020. 

Social assistance added 31,000 jobs in February, with a gain of 21,000 jobs in individual and family 

services. Since February 2020, employment in social assistance is down by 152,000, or 3.5 percent.

Employment increased by 25,000 in the other services industry in February, led by a gain in repair and 

maintenance (+10,000). Employment in the other services industry is down by 317,000, or 5.3 percent, 

from its level in February 2020. 

Wholesale trade added 18,000 jobs in February; employment in the industry is 113,000, or 1.9 percent, 

lower than in February 2020. 

Mining employment rose by 9,000 in February, with gains in support activities for mining (+6,000) and 

in oil and gas extraction (+2,000). Mining employment has grown by 62,000 since a recent low in 

February 2021. 

Employment showed little or no change over the month in information and government. 

Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls, at $31.58 in February, were 

little changed over the month (+1 cent), after large increases in recent months. Over the past 12 months, 

average hourly earnings have increased by 5.1 percent. In February, average hourly earnings of privatesector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 8 cents to $26.94. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.1 hour to 34.7 hours in 

February. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees increased by 0.4 hour to 40.7 

hours, and overtime rose by 0.2 hour to 3.6 hours. The average workweek for production and 

nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was up by 0.1 hour to 34.1 hours. (See tables 

B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised up by 78,000, from 

+510,000 to +588,000, and the change for January was revised up by 14,000, from +467,000 to 

+481,000. With these revisions, employment in December and January combined is 92,000 higher than 

previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and 

government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for March is scheduled to be released on Friday, April 1, 2022, at 8:30 

a.m. (ET). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Change from:

Jan. 2022-

Feb. 2022

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 260,918 262,136 263,202 263,324 122

Civilian labor force........................................................... 160,359 162,294 163,687 163,991 304

Participation rate.......................................................... 61.5 61.9 62.2 62.3 0.1

Employed................................................................... 150,367 155,975 157,174 157,722 548

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 57.6 59.5 59.7 59.9 0.2

Unemployed............................................................... 9,992 6,319 6,513 6,270 -243

Unemployment rate.................................................... 6.2 3.9 4.0 3.8 -0.2

Not in labor force............................................................ 100,560 99,842 99,516 99,333 -183

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 6.2 3.9 4.0 3.8 -0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 6.0 3.6 3.8 3.5 -0.3

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 5.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 0.0

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 13.9 10.9 10.9 10.3 -0.6

White.......................................................................... 5.5 3.2 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 9.8 7.1 6.9 6.6 -0.3

Asian.......................................................................... 5.1 3.8 3.6 3.1 -0.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 8.4 4.9 4.9 4.4 -0.5

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 5.6 3.3 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 10.1 5.2 6.3 4.3 -2.0

High school graduates, no college........................................ 7.1 4.6 4.6 4.5 -0.1

Some college or associate degree........................................ 5.9 3.6 3.6 3.8 0.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 3.8 2.1 2.3 2.2 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 6,609 3,095 3,220 3,044 -176

Job leavers...................................................................... 706 724 952 963 11

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,138 2,038 1,959 1,947 -12

New entrants.................................................................... 573 513 433 417 -16

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,234 1,977 2,417 2,131 -286

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,285 1,571 1,607 1,800 193

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,383 780 816 735 -81

27 weeks and over............................................................. 4,156 2,008 1,691 1,702 11

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 6,099 3,929 3,717 4,135 418

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 4,731 2,594 2,430 2,707 277

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,122 1,082 969 1,060 91

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 18,458 20,315 20,198 20,667 469

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,885 1,639 1,526 1,471 -55

Discouraged workers........................................................ 520 463 408 391 -17

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710 588 481 678

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693 561 448 654

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -18 93 24 105

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 8 1 9

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -52 44 7 60

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 41 16 36

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 31 9 20

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 1.2 -3.5 -18.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10 7 16

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711 468 424 549

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 18.5 12.3 18.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.1 38.2 69.2 36.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 22.3 51.1 47.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 -0.6 1.0 0.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 9 10 0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -8 14 3 35

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 91 73 95

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.8 40.9 33.4 35.5

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 65 33 112

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.6 40.1 13.1 94.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 186 167 179

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 24 5 25

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 27 33 24

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 637 572 582

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 627 545 554

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.7 49.7 49.7 49.7

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 48.3 48.3 48.3

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3 81.5 81.5 81.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 34.8 34.6 34.7

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30.04 $31.38 $31.57 $31.58

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,039.38 $1,092.02 $1,092.32 $1,095.83

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.9 111.0 110.8 111.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.6 0.5 -0.2 0.8

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.1 166.6 167.2 168.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 0.9 0.4 0.8

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (256 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 73.0 61.1 76.6

Manufacturing (74 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5 64.2 54.7 75.7

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 670,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000 

(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from

-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 

relay services.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260,918 263,202 263,324 260,918 261,908 262,029 262,136 263,202 263,324

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,008 162,825 163,725 160,359 161,610 162,126 162,294 163,687 163,991

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 61.9 62.2 61.5 61.7 61.9 61.9 62.2 62.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,522 155,618 156,942 150,367 154,234 155,324 155,975 157,174 157,722

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 59.1 59.6 57.6 58.9 59.3 59.5 59.7 59.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,486 7,207 6,782 9,992 7,375 6,802 6,319 6,513 6,270

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 4.4 4.1 6.2 4.6 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,910 100,378 99,600 100,560 100,298 99,902 99,842 99,516 99,333

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,902 5,872 5,299 6,923 5,935 5,819 5,713 5,704 5,355

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,224 128,236 128,296 126,224 126,719 126,779 126,832 128,236 128,296

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,754 86,488 87,271 85,122 85,735 86,017 85,857 87,074 87,567

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 67.4 68.0 67.4 67.7 67.8 67.7 67.9 68.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,855 82,376 83,460 79,711 81,835 82,432 82,508 83,518 84,247

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 64.2 65.1 63.2 64.6 65.0 65.1 65.1 65.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,899 4,112 3,812 5,411 3,900 3,585 3,349 3,556 3,320

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 4.8 4.4 6.4 4.5 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,470 41,748 41,024 41,102 40,983 40,762 40,975 41,162 40,729

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,902 119,612 119,669 117,902 118,406 118,466 118,520 119,612 119,669

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,978 83,649 84,390 82,114 82,703 83,007 82,902 83,967 84,446

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.5 69.9 70.5 69.6 69.8 70.1 69.9 70.2 70.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,568 79,879 80,918 77,203 79,164 79,736 79,892 80,767 81,473

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.9 66.8 67.6 65.5 66.9 67.3 67.4 67.5 68.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,410 3,770 3,472 4,911 3,539 3,272 3,010 3,199 2,973

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 4.5 4.1 6.0 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,924 35,962 35,280 35,788 35,703 35,459 35,618 35,645 35,224

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,694 134,966 135,028 134,694 135,189 135,250 135,304 134,966 135,028

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,254 76,337 76,453 75,236 75,874 76,109 76,437 76,612 76,425

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 56.6 56.6 55.9 56.1 56.3 56.5 56.8 56.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,667 73,242 73,483 70,656 72,399 72,892 73,467 73,656 73,475

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.5 54.3 54.4 52.5 53.6 53.9 54.3 54.6 54.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,587 3,095 2,971 4,581 3,475 3,217 2,970 2,957 2,950

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 4.1 3.9 6.1 4.6 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,440 58,629 58,575 59,458 59,315 59,141 58,867 58,354 58,604

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,546 126,570 126,631 126,546 127,051 127,112 127,167 126,570 126,631

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,445 73,404 73,650 72,255 72,929 73,134 73,455 73,494 73,446

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 58.0 58.2 57.1 57.4 57.5 57.8 58.1 58.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,163 70,637 70,931 68,005 69,790 70,257 70,795 70,857 70,775

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.9 55.8 56.0 53.7 54.9 55.3 55.7 56.0 55.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,283 2,767 2,718 4,250 3,139 2,876 2,660 2,637 2,671

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 3.8 3.7 5.9 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,101 53,167 52,981 54,291 54,122 53,978 53,712 53,076 53,185

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,470 17,020 17,024 16,470 16,451 16,450 16,449 17,020 17,024

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,585 5,772 5,685 5,989 5,978 5,985 5,936 6,226 6,100

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 33.9 33.4 36.4 36.3 36.4 36.1 36.6 35.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,792 5,102 5,094 5,158 5,281 5,331 5,287 5,550 5,474

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.1 30.0 29.9 31.3 32.1 32.4 32.1 32.6 32.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793 670 592 831 697 654 649 676 626

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 11.6 10.4 13.9 11.7 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,885 11,248 11,339 10,481 10,473 10,465 10,512 10,795 10,924

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,606 202,819 202,875 201,606 202,138 202,199 202,250 202,819 202,875

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,680 125,148 126,014 123,869 124,279 124,677 124,780 125,782 126,139

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 61.7 62.1 61.4 61.5 61.7 61.7 62.0 62.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,369 120,320 121,402 116,996 119,376 120,084 120,749 121,497 121,967

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.7 59.3 59.8 58.0 59.1 59.4 59.7 59.9 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,312 4,828 4,612 6,873 4,903 4,593 4,032 4,285 4,172

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 3.9 3.7 5.5 3.9 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,926 77,671 76,861 77,737 77,859 77,521 77,469 77,038 76,736

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,441 65,514 65,987 64,470 64,693 64,973 65,000 65,736 65,972

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.7 70.0 70.5 69.7 69.8 70.0 70.0 70.2 70.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,565 62,913 63,583 61,024 62,374 62,835 63,047 63,612 63,995

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 67.2 67.9 66.0 67.3 67.7 67.9 68.0 68.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,875 2,601 2,404 3,446 2,320 2,138 1,953 2,124 1,977

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 4.0 3.6 5.3 3.6 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,824 55,127 55,501 54,658 54,901 55,069 55,177 55,169 55,312

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.5 57.0 57.3 56.3 56.4 56.6 56.7 57.0 57.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,985 53,334 53,737 51,846 52,800 53,030 53,493 53,449 53,571

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.6 55.1 55.5 53.4 54.2 54.5 54.9 55.2 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,838 1,794 1,764 2,812 2,101 2,039 1,684 1,720 1,740

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 3.3 3.2 5.1 3.8 3.7 3.1 3.1 3.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,416 4,506 4,525 4,741 4,684 4,635 4,603 4,877 4,855

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.5 36.1 36.3 39.2 38.8 38.4 38.2 39.1 38.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,818 4,073 4,082 4,126 4,202 4,219 4,209 4,435 4,400

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.6 32.7 32.7 34.1 34.8 35.0 34.9 35.6 35.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 433 444 616 482 415 395 442 455

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5 9.6 9.8 13.0 10.3 9.0 8.6 9.1 9.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,511 33,978 34,004 33,511 33,699 33,725 33,749 33,978 34,004

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,041 20,914 21,003 20,154 20,565 20,477 20,506 21,056 21,145

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 61.6 61.8 60.1 61.0 60.7 60.8 62.0 62.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,989 19,392 19,566 18,180 18,962 19,143 19,057 19,597 19,751

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.7 57.1 57.5 54.3 56.3 56.8 56.5 57.7 58.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,052 1,522 1,437 1,973 1,603 1,335 1,449 1,459 1,394

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 7.3 6.8 9.8 7.8 6.5 7.1 6.9 6.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,470 13,063 13,001 13,357 13,135 13,248 13,243 12,922 12,859

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,278 9,669 9,887 9,340 9,479 9,466 9,378 9,741 9,966

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 67.0 68.4 66.0 66.5 66.4 65.7 67.5 69.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,261 8,934 9,200 8,396 8,699 8,787 8,723 9,051 9,327

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 61.9 63.7 59.3 61.0 61.6 61.1 62.7 64.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,017 735 687 944 780 679 655 690 640

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 7.6 6.9 10.1 8.2 7.2 7.0 7.1 6.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,120 10,560 10,527 10,123 10,383 10,301 10,445 10,568 10,537

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 61.9 61.6 59.7 60.9 60.3 61.1 61.9 61.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,201 9,921 9,874 9,224 9,673 9,802 9,794 9,954 9,897

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 58.1 57.8 54.4 56.7 57.4 57.3 58.3 57.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919 639 653 899 710 500 651 614 640

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 6.1 6.2 8.9 6.8 4.9 6.2 5.8 6.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 686 589 691 703 711 683 747 642

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.8 27.7 23.8 28.8 29.5 29.8 28.6 30.2 26.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 538 491 560 590 554 540 592 528

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 21.8 19.9 23.4 24.7 23.2 22.6 24.0 21.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 148 98 130 113 157 143 155 114

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.0 21.6 16.6 18.9 16.0 22.0 21.0 20.7 17.8

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,588 16,903 16,782 16,588 16,485 16,513 16,612 16,903 16,782

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,404 10,806 10,567 10,343 10,767 10,781 10,739 10,880 10,555

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 63.9 63.0 62.4 65.3 65.3 64.6 64.4 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,873 10,403 10,256 9,813 10,310 10,362 10,326 10,492 10,231

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.5 61.5 61.1 59.2 62.5 62.8 62.2 62.1 61.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 403 311 530 457 419 413 388 324

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 3.7 2.9 5.1 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,184 6,097 6,215 6,245 5,718 5,731 5,873 6,022 6,227

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 44,587 45,740 45,816 44,587 45,159 45,232 45,303 45,740 45,816

Civilian labor force................................ 29,145 30,274 30,449 29,154 29,663 29,979 29,883 30,390 30,492

Participation rate............................... 65.4 66.2 66.5 65.4 65.7 66.3 66.0 66.4 66.6

Employed....................................... 26,527 28,595 28,991 26,719 27,962 28,432 28,427 28,893 29,136

Employment-population ratio............... 59.5 62.5 63.3 59.9 61.9 62.9 62.7 63.2 63.6

Unemployed.................................... 2,619 1,679 1,458 2,434 1,701 1,547 1,456 1,497 1,356

Unemployment rate......................... 9.0 5.5 4.8 8.4 5.7 5.2 4.9 4.9 4.4

Not in labor force................................. 15,442 15,466 15,367 15,434 15,496 15,253 15,420 15,350 15,324

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,924 16,538 16,678 15,904 16,213 16,422 16,266 16,586 16,700

Participation rate............................... 79.1 79.8 80.3 79.0 79.4 80.3 79.4 80.0 80.4

Employed....................................... 14,557 15,676 15,964 14,715 15,410 15,681 15,580 15,867 16,086

Employment-population ratio............... 72.3 75.6 76.9 73.1 75.5 76.7 76.1 76.6 77.5

Unemployed.................................... 1,368 862 713 1,189 803 741 687 719 614

Unemployment rate......................... 8.6 5.2 4.3 7.5 5.0 4.5 4.2 4.3 3.7

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,845 12,367 12,425 11,829 12,054 12,170 12,288 12,383 12,403

Participation rate............................... 58.0 59.5 59.7 57.9 58.3 58.7 59.2 59.6 59.6

Employed....................................... 10,829 11,717 11,809 10,829 11,374 11,531 11,682 11,775 11,802

Employment-population ratio............... 53.0 56.4 56.7 53.0 55.0 55.7 56.3 56.6 56.7

Unemployed.................................... 1,016 651 616 1,001 680 639 606 608 601

Unemployment rate......................... 8.6 5.3 5.0 8.5 5.6 5.3 4.9 4.9 4.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,376 1,369 1,346 1,420 1,396 1,387 1,328 1,421 1,389

Participation rate............................... 34.1 32.4 31.8 35.2 34.3 34.1 32.6 33.6 32.8

Employed....................................... 1,141 1,203 1,218 1,175 1,178 1,220 1,165 1,251 1,248

Employment-population ratio............... 28.3 28.5 28.8 29.2 29.0 30.0 28.6 29.6 29.5

Unemployed.................................... 235 166 129 245 218 167 163 170 141

Unemployment rate......................... 17.0 12.1 9.6 17.3 15.6 12.1 12.2 12.0 10.2

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 8,600 8,762 8,647 8,928 9,025 8,791 8,712 8,687 8,962

Participation rate.................................. 44.2 44.9 45.2 45.8 46.4 45.1 44.8 44.5 46.8

Employed.......................................... 7,579 8,044 8,141 8,030 8,368 8,304 8,255 8,142 8,574

Employment-population ratio................. 38.9 41.2 42.5 41.2 43.1 42.6 42.5 41.7 44.8

Unemployed....................................... 1,021 719 507 898 657 487 457 545 388

Unemployment rate............................ 11.9 8.2 5.9 10.1 7.3 5.5 5.2 6.3 4.3

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 34,436 36,764 36,577 34,440 35,282 35,444 35,828 37,064 36,589

Participation rate.................................. 54.7 56.7 56.2 54.7 55.0 55.7 55.7 57.2 56.2

Employed.......................................... 31,750 34,877 34,793 31,980 33,395 33,615 34,188 35,361 34,953

Employment-population ratio................. 50.4 53.8 53.5 50.8 52.1 52.9 53.1 54.6 53.7

Unemployed....................................... 2,686 1,887 1,784 2,461 1,888 1,829 1,640 1,703 1,636

Unemployment rate............................ 7.8 5.1 4.9 7.1 5.4 5.2 4.6 4.6 4.5

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,489 35,182 35,337 35,493 35,394 35,417 35,477 35,320 35,391

Participation rate.................................. 62.8 62.9 63.5 62.8 62.8 62.6 62.7 63.1 63.6

Employed.......................................... 33,292 33,871 33,931 33,406 33,863 34,105 34,204 34,059 34,060

Employment-population ratio................. 58.9 60.5 61.0 59.1 60.1 60.2 60.4 60.9 61.2

Unemployed....................................... 2,197 1,311 1,406 2,087 1,531 1,312 1,274 1,261 1,331

Unemployment rate............................ 6.2 3.7 4.0 5.9 4.3 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 61,437 61,803 62,734 60,790 60,951 61,317 61,134 61,699 62,003

Participation rate.................................. 72.6 72.7 73.3 71.9 71.9 72.0 72.3 72.6 72.4

Employed.......................................... 59,092 60,349 61,375 58,459 59,477 59,937 59,860 60,294 60,656

Employment-population ratio................. 69.8 71.0 71.7 69.1 70.1 70.4 70.8 70.9 70.9

Unemployed....................................... 2,344 1,454 1,359 2,331 1,473 1,380 1,274 1,404 1,347

Unemployment rate............................ 3.8 2.4 2.2 3.8 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2022

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,942 18,469 16,935 16,448 2,007 2,021

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,073 8,971 7,928 7,770 1,145 1,202

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 48.6 46.8 47.2 57.0 59.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,576 8,686 7,501 7,540 1,075 1,146

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.3 47.0 44.3 45.8 53.6 56.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 285 427 230 70 56

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 3.2 5.4 3.0 6.1 4.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,869 9,498 9,007 8,678 862 819

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,615 4,814 3,795 3,911 819 904

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,621 3,840 3,057 3,178 564 662

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.5 79.8 80.5 81.3 68.9 73.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,406 3,718 2,892 3,088 514 630

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.8 77.2 76.2 79.0 62.7 69.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 122 164 90 51 32

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 3.2 5.4 2.8 9.0 4.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994 974 739 733 255 241

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,308 3,264 2,803 2,810 506 453

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,457 2,433 2,115 2,104 343 329

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.3 74.6 75.5 74.9 67.8 72.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,371 2,376 2,040 2,063 331 314

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.7 72.8 72.8 73.4 65.5 69.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 57 75 42 12 16

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 2.3 3.6 2.0 3.4 4.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851 831 688 706 163 124

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,836 6,345 6,572 6,093 264 252

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,170 985 1,137 943 33 42

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.1 15.5 17.3 15.5 12.4 16.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,115 939 1,083 901 33 38

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3 14.8 16.5 14.8 12.4 15.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 46 55 42 0 4

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.5 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,666 5,360 5,435 5,150 231 210

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,183 4,046 3,765 3,634 418 412

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,825 1,713 1,620 1,545 205 168

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.6 42.3 43.0 42.5 49.1 40.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,684 1,652 1,487 1,488 198 164

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.3 40.8 39.5 41.0 47.3 39.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 61 133 56 8 4

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 3.5 8.2 3.7 3.7 2.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,358 2,333 2,145 2,089 213 244

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233,133 235,694 104,622 107,147 128,510 128,548

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,936 152,438 75,818 78,383 73,118 74,055

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.9 64.7 72.5 73.2 56.9 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,237 146,175 70,508 74,906 68,728 71,269

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 62.0 67.4 69.9 53.5 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,699 6,263 5,310 3,477 4,390 2,786

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 4.1 7.0 4.4 6.0 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,197 83,256 28,805 28,763 55,392 54,493

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2022

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 29,950 32,014 230,968 231,310

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,961 7,250 154,047 156,474

Participation rate..................................................................... 19.9 22.6 66.7 67.6

Employed............................................................................. 5,210 6,613 144,312 150,329

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 17.4 20.7 62.5 65.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 751 637 9,735 6,145

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.6 8.8 6.3 3.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,989 24,764 76,921 74,835

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,518 3,079 76,486 78,013

Participation rate..................................................................... 33.2 38.0 81.7 82.4

Employed............................................................................. 2,166 2,780 71,255 74,747

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 28.5 34.3 76.1 78.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 352 299 5,231 3,266

Unemployment rate............................................................... 14.0 9.7 6.8 4.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,076 5,025 17,157 16,702

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,460 2,905 68,282 68,898

Participation rate..................................................................... 33.7 35.3 70.5 71.5

Employed............................................................................. 2,119 2,624 64,245 66,316

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.1 31.9 66.3 68.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 341 281 4,037 2,582

Unemployment rate............................................................... 13.9 9.7 5.9 3.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,834 5,330 28,574 27,444

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 983 1,266 9,279 9,563

Participation rate..................................................................... 6.5 8.1 22.9 23.8

Employed............................................................................. 924 1,209 8,812 9,265

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.1 7.7 21.8 23.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 59 57 467 298

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.0 4.5 5.0 3.1

Not in labor force....................................................................... 14,079 14,409 31,191 30,689

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2022

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 43,373 44,718 21,082 21,761 22,291 22,957

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,946 29,229 16,127 16,758 11,819 12,471

Participation rate.................................................. 64.4 65.4 76.5 77.0 53.0 54.3

Employed.......................................................... 25,862 28,138 14,990 16,173 10,872 11,965

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.6 62.9 71.1 74.3 48.8 52.1

Unemployed....................................................... 2,084 1,092 1,137 585 947 506

Unemployment rate............................................ 7.5 3.7 7.0 3.5 8.0 4.1

Not in labor force.................................................... 15,428 15,489 4,956 5,003 10,472 10,486

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 217,545 218,606 105,142 106,534 112,403 112,071

Civilian labor force.................................................. 132,062 134,495 68,628 70,513 63,435 63,982

Participation rate.................................................. 60.7 61.5 65.3 66.2 56.4 57.1

Employed.......................................................... 123,660 128,805 63,865 67,287 59,795 61,518

Employment-population ratio................................. 56.8 58.9 60.7 63.2 53.2 54.9

Unemployed....................................................... 8,402 5,691 4,762 3,226 3,640 2,464

Unemployment rate............................................ 6.4 4.2 6.9 4.6 5.7 3.9

Not in labor force.................................................... 85,483 84,110 36,515 36,021 48,968 48,089

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,184 2,224 2,262 2,307 2,296 2,212 2,308 2,326 2,383

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,450 1,454 1,457 1,521 1,501 1,434 1,477 1,501 1,525

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 676 735 771 711 769 744 785 771 801

Unpaid family workers........................... 58 36 34 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 147,338 153,394 154,681 147,887 152,070 152,933 153,409 154,598 155,094

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 138,602 144,501 145,611 139,265 142,194 143,816 144,474 145,993 146,263

Government..................................... 21,218 21,593 21,375 20,809 20,511 20,750 21,097 21,274 20,971

Private industries............................... 117,383 122,907 124,235 118,226 122,175 123,416 123,172 124,240 124,886

Private households.......................... 604 575 572 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 116,779 122,332 123,663 117,567 121,460 122,796 122,484 123,512 124,144

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,665 8,830 9,002 8,827 9,465 9,256 9,282 9,089 9,175

Unpaid family workers........................... 72 64 69 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,309 4,176 4,349 6,099 4,398 4,266 3,929 3,717 4,135

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,958 2,828 2,946 4,731 3,108 2,903 2,594 2,430 2,707

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,124 935 1,089 1,122 961 1,059 1,082 969 1,060

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,042 20,105 21,301 18,458 20,539 20,440 20,315 20,198 20,667

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,199 4,094 4,278 6,031 4,273 4,244 3,898 3,620 4,105

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,887 2,782 2,900 4,670 3,032 2,869 2,578 2,400 2,672

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,116 927 1,084 1,112 962 1,056 1,079 960 1,053

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,670 19,738 20,894 18,097 20,200 20,075 19,951 19,839 20,275

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,522 155,618 156,942 150,367 154,234 155,324 155,975 157,174 157,722

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,792 5,102 5,094 5,158 5,281 5,331 5,287 5,550 5,474

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,709 1,965 2,082 1,911 1,992 2,087 2,075 2,188 2,295

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,082 3,137 3,012 3,265 3,289 3,243 3,214 3,378 3,205

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,730 150,516 151,849 145,208 148,953 149,993 150,688 151,624 152,248

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,017 13,376 13,609 13,233 13,718 13,824 13,870 13,756 13,834

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,714 137,141 138,240 131,912 135,282 136,065 136,605 137,840 138,412

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,364 100,214 100,923 96,560 98,795 99,396 99,740 100,647 101,109

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,966 34,726 35,052 34,030 35,029 35,347 35,352 34,985 35,125

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,061 34,050 34,443 32,177 33,042 33,174 33,454 34,147 34,535

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,337 31,437 31,427 30,354 30,723 30,875 30,934 31,515 31,448

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,350 36,927 37,317 35,352 36,487 36,669 36,865 37,193 37,304

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,855 82,376 83,460 79,711 81,835 82,432 82,508 83,518 84,247

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,287 2,497 2,542 2,508 2,672 2,696 2,616 2,751 2,774

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846 899 1,014 965 984 1,017 970 1,022 1,131

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,442 1,599 1,528 1,564 1,691 1,686 1,655 1,744 1,659

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,568 79,879 80,918 77,203 79,164 79,736 79,892 80,767 81,473

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,623 6,797 6,891 6,780 6,972 7,100 7,070 7,032 7,059

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,945 73,082 74,027 70,405 72,181 72,535 72,702 73,752 74,457

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,162 53,236 53,898 51,494 52,717 52,894 52,992 53,693 54,227

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,042 18,346 18,667 18,168 18,715 18,797 18,793 18,555 18,788

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,281 18,264 18,566 17,412 17,784 17,845 17,899 18,420 18,696

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,839 16,626 16,665 15,915 16,218 16,252 16,300 16,718 16,743

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,783 19,846 20,129 18,911 19,464 19,641 19,710 20,059 20,230

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,667 73,242 73,483 70,656 72,399 72,892 73,467 73,656 73,475

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,504 2,605 2,551 2,651 2,609 2,635 2,671 2,799 2,699

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864 1,067 1,068 947 1,008 1,070 1,105 1,166 1,164

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,641 1,538 1,483 1,702 1,598 1,557 1,558 1,634 1,546

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,163 70,637 70,931 68,005 69,790 70,257 70,795 70,857 70,775

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,394 6,578 6,718 6,453 6,746 6,724 6,799 6,725 6,775

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,769 64,059 64,213 61,507 63,101 63,530 63,904 64,088 63,955

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,202 46,978 47,025 45,066 46,078 46,502 46,748 46,954 46,882

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,925 16,380 16,385 15,862 16,314 16,550 16,559 16,430 16,338

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,779 15,786 15,878 14,765 15,258 15,329 15,555 15,727 15,838

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,497 14,811 14,762 14,439 14,505 14,623 14,635 14,798 14,705

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,567 17,081 17,188 16,441 17,023 17,029 17,156 17,134 17,074

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,887 45,145 45,572 43,971 43,794 44,209 44,437 45,342 45,648

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,044 36,004 36,146 34,801 34,988 35,328 35,557 35,885 35,870

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,367 9,983 9,958 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,981 129,747 130,712 125,112 128,409 129,388 130,191 131,164 131,806

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,541 25,871 26,230 25,168 25,903 25,956 25,681 25,817 25,801

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,787 7,337 7,557 6,681 6,984 7,065 7,395 7,486 7,431

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.7

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,670 6,366 6,291 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,341 9,564 9,772 9,538 10,234 10,000 10,067 9,860 9,976

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Feb.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 9,992 6,513 6,270 6.2 4.6 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.8

16 to 19 years..................................... 831 676 626 13.9 11.7 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.3

16 to 17 years.................................. 324 278 259 14.5 10.1 10.4 10.8 11.3 10.2

18 to 19 years.................................. 510 400 362 13.5 12.6 11.6 11.5 10.6 10.1

20 years and over................................ 9,161 5,837 5,644 5.9 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.6

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,429 1,080 1,124 9.7 7.2 7.4 7.1 7.3 7.5

25 years and over.............................. 7,805 4,851 4,657 5.6 4.0 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.3

25 to 54 years............................... 5,792 3,667 3,495 5.7 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.3

25 to 34 years............................. 2,334 1,580 1,517 6.4 4.8 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1

35 to 44 years............................. 1,898 1,242 1,178 5.6 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.3

45 to 54 years............................. 1,561 845 800 4.9 3.7 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.5

55 years and over........................... 2,000 1,203 1,158 5.4 3.6 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0

Men, 16 years and over............................ 5,411 3,556 3,320 6.4 4.5 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.8

16 to 19 years..................................... 500 357 347 16.6 11.9 10.4 11.5 11.5 11.1

16 to 17 years.................................. 174 159 113 15.3 9.8 11.1 10.7 13.5 9.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 327 198 234 17.3 13.2 10.5 12.6 10.2 12.4

20 years and over................................ 4,911 3,199 2,973 6.0 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 785 659 601 10.4 8.2 8.0 7.7 8.6 7.8

25 years and over.............................. 4,179 2,614 2,484 5.6 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.2

25 to 54 years............................... 3,046 1,954 1,805 5.6 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.2

25 to 34 years............................. 1,287 862 767 6.6 5.0 4.4 4.5 4.4 3.9

35 to 44 years............................. 999 674 639 5.4 3.7 3.9 3.3 3.5 3.3

45 to 54 years............................. 760 418 399 4.6 3.2 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.3

55 years and over........................... 1,133 660 679 5.7 3.5 3.0 2.7 3.2 3.2

Women, 16 years and over........................ 4,581 2,957 2,950 6.1 4.6 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 331 319 279 11.1 11.4 11.4 10.4 10.2 9.4

16 to 17 years.................................. 150 119 147 13.6 10.4 9.7 10.8 9.3 11.2

18 to 19 years.................................. 183 203 128 9.7 12.0 12.7 10.2 11.0 7.6

20 years and over................................ 4,250 2,637 2,671 5.9 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6

20 to 24 years.................................. 644 421 523 9.1 6.3 6.7 6.5 5.9 7.2

25 years and over.............................. 3,627 2,237 2,173 5.6 4.1 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.3

25 to 54 years............................... 2,746 1,713 1,690 5.7 4.3 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5

25 to 34 years............................. 1,046 718 750 6.2 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.4

35 to 44 years............................. 899 568 539 5.7 4.0 3.8 3.2 3.5 3.3

45 to 54 years............................. 801 427 400 5.3 4.3 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.7

55 years and over........................... 891 548 509 5.1 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.9

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,759 913 870 3.8 2.5 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.9

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,547 897 860 4.3 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.3

Women who maintain families2.................... 784 527 557 7.7 5.9 4.8 5.6 5.0 5.3

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 8,428 5,367 5,245 6.3 4.6 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.8

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,616 1,196 1,084 6.0 4.7 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.0

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 7,051 3,924 3,473 6,609 3,700 3,369 3,095 3,220 3,044

On temporary layoff.............................. 2,546 1,467 1,164 2,264 1,041 875 812 959 888

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 4,505 2,458 2,309 4,345 2,659 2,493 2,283 2,261 2,156

Permanent job losers.......................... 3,547 1,707 1,641 3,483 2,102 1,905 1,703 1,630 1,583

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 958 750 668 862 557 589 580 632 573

Job leavers........................................... 706 948 964 706 845 837 724 952 963

Reentrants............................................ 2,183 1,973 1,971 2,138 2,206 2,154 2,038 1,959 1,947

New entrants......................................... 546 362 374 573 537 452 513 433 417

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 67.2 54.5 51.2 65.9 50.8 49.4 48.6 49.1 47.8

On temporary layoff.............................. 24.3 20.4 17.2 22.6 14.3 12.8 12.8 14.6 13.9

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 43.0 34.1 34.0 43.3 36.5 36.6 35.8 34.5 33.8

Job leavers........................................... 6.7 13.1 14.2 7.0 11.6 12.3 11.4 14.5 15.1

Reentrants............................................ 20.8 27.4 29.1 21.3 30.3 31.6 32.0 29.8 30.6

New entrants......................................... 5.2 5.0 5.5 5.7 7.4 6.6 8.1 6.6 6.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 4.4 2.4 2.1 4.1 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.9

Job leavers........................................... 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6

Reentrants............................................ 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2

New entrants......................................... 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,051 2,888 1,980 2,234 2,051 1,985 1,977 2,417 2,131

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,693 1,765 2,158 2,285 1,876 1,703 1,571 1,607 1,800

15 weeks and over.................................. 5,742 2,554 2,644 5,539 3,340 3,063 2,788 2,507 2,437

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,523 856 879 1,383 1,001 870 780 816 735

27 weeks and over............................... 4,219 1,698 1,765 4,156 2,339 2,193 2,008 1,691 1,702

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 27.2 23.0 26.0 27.8 26.9 29.1 28.6 24.6 26.6

Median duration, in weeks......................... 18.3 8.5 9.9 17.9 13.0 13.4 12.9 10.1 9.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 19.6 40.1 29.2 22.2 28.2 29.4 31.2 37.0 33.5

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 25.7 24.5 31.8 22.7 25.8 25.2 24.8 24.6 28.3

15 weeks and over.................................. 54.8 35.4 39.0 55.1 46.0 45.4 44.0 38.4 38.3

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 14.5 11.9 13.0 13.8 13.8 12.9 12.3 12.5 11.5

27 weeks and over............................... 40.2 23.6 26.0 41.3 32.2 32.5 31.7 25.9 26.7

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2022

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 149,522 156,942 10,486 6,782 6.6 4.1

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 64,471 67,754 2,158 1,490 3.2 2.2

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 27,414 29,131 990 638 3.5 2.1

Professional and related occupations.......................... 37,058 38,624 1,167 852 3.1 2.2

Service occupations................................................ 22,574 24,228 2,594 1,400 10.3 5.5

Sales and office occupations...................................... 30,450 31,383 2,024 1,311 6.2 4.0

Sales and related occupations.................................. 14,630 14,927 1,031 565 6.6 3.6

Office and administrative support occupations............... 15,819 16,456 993 747 5.9 4.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,209 14,091 1,411 917 9.7 6.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,006 963 141 119 12.3 11.0

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,497 8,286 1,003 664 11.8 7.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,706 4,842 267 134 5.4 2.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,818 19,485 1,745 1,270 8.5 6.1

Production occupations.......................................... 7,766 7,993 579 413 6.9 4.9

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 11,052 11,492 1,166 856 9.5 6.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2022

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 10,486 6,782 6.6 4.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 8,516 5,479 6.8 4.2

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 132 29 19.3 5.0

Construction.......................................................................... 921 677 9.6 6.7

Manufacturing........................................................................ 724 497 4.8 3.2

Durable goods..................................................................... 423 324 4.4 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................ 301 174 5.4 3.1

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,368 983 6.8 4.9

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 622 409 8.4 5.1

Information............................................................................ 155 91 6.2 3.7

Financial activities................................................................... 387 246 3.7 2.4

Professional and business services............................................... 1,152 737 6.8 3.9

Education and health services..................................................... 899 754 3.7 3.0

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,673 849 13.5 6.6

Other services........................................................................ 483 207 7.7 3.5

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 167 144 10.5 9.4

Government workers................................................................... 603 386 2.8 1.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 654 399 6.5 3.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022

Feb.

2022

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 3.6 1.6 1.6 3.5 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 4.4 2.4 2.1 4.1 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.9

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 6.6 4.4 4.1 6.2 4.6 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.8

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 6.9 4.7 4.4 6.5 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.1

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 7.7 5.4 5.0 7.3 5.5 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.7

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 11.6 7.9 7.6 11.1 8.2 7.7 7.3 7.1 7.2

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2022

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2022

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 100,910 99,600 41,470 41,024 59,440 58,575

Persons who currently want a job................................ 6,902 5,299 3,323 2,493 3,579 2,806

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,942 1,496 1,053 749 889 747

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 529 393 275 214 253 178

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,413 1,103 778 535 636 569

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 6,787 7,557 3,238 3,682 3,549 3,875

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.5 4.8 4.1 4.4 5.0 5.3

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,739 4,243 1,920 2,286 1,819 1,957

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,756 1,993 586 696 1,169 1,297

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 321 288 173 173 148 115

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 941 997 542 508 399 489

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Change

from:

Jan.2022 -

Feb.2022p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,129 150,352 147,510 148,967 143,727 149,240 149,721 150,399 678

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,136 127,922 125,478 126,583 121,922 127,099 127,547 128,201 654

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,670 20,617 20,257 20,452 20,072 20,691 20,715 20,820 105

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 589 581 591 542 590 591 600 9

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.0 44.7 44.8 45.1 47.6 44.6 44.6 44.5 -0.1

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.3 544.5 536.2 546.1 494.1 545.3 546.8 555.8 9.0

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.0 125.5 124.9 127.4 113.0 124.6 125.8 128.2 2.4

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.9 174.1 171.1 171.1 173.3 176.3 176.2 176.7 0.5

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.8 36.4 36.7 37.0 37.6 36.5 36.6 36.8 0.2

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.8 42.2 42.3 42.4 41.1 42.3 42.5 42.6 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.3 95.5 92.1 91.7 94.5 97.6 97.1 97.3 0.2

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.4 244.9 240.2 247.6 207.8 244.4 244.8 250.9 6.1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,970 7,449 7,191 7,293 7,308 7,546 7,553 7,613 60

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,579.4 1,665.4 1,633.5 1,642.8 1,631.1 1,678.9 1,684.1 1,693.0 8.9

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823.4 874.8 858.4 866.5 849.0 880.1 884.4 891.1 6.7

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756.0 790.6 775.1 776.3 782.1 798.8 799.7 801.9 2.2

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 928.0 1,018.1 951.8 975.8 1,018.7 1,060.7 1,057.3 1,064.6 7.3

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,463.0 4,765.8 4,605.7 4,674.2 4,658.4 4,806.8 4,811.2 4,855.4 44.2

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,067.6 2,191.4 2,127.7 2,172.7 2,150.2 2,217.2 2,219.2 2,243.5 24.3

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,395.4 2,574.4 2,478.0 2,501.5 2,508.2 2,589.6 2,592.0 2,611.9 19.9

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,169 12,579 12,485 12,568 12,222 12,555 12,571 12,607 36

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,571 7,819 7,781 7,823 7,600 7,816 7,825 7,845 20

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402.8 418.5 419.9 425.0 402.6 418.7 421.1 423.2 2.1

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.0 402.7 398.0 400.6 399.8 408.4 411.9 414.9 3.0

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.6 358.1 357.5 361.2 344.0 356.7 358.2 361.1 2.9

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,358.8 1,410.6 1,406.6 1,418.8 1,367.2 1,412.0 1,415.7 1,426.2 10.5

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,040.8 1,068.2 1,067.6 1,079.1 1,041.9 1,068.5 1,071.8 1,080.1 8.3

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,051.0 1,067.7 1,063.8 1,069.6 1,052.4 1,065.9 1,067.4 1,070.5 3.1

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 155.9 159.3 159.6 159.6 156.1 159.2 159.8 159.9 0.1

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.5 83.9 84.7 84.8 85.4 84.8 84.8 84.6 -0.2

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365.1 371.3 370.7 373.7 365.1 371.0 372.8 373.7 0.9

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.5 422.1 418.7 421.0 415.3 420.4 419.5 421.4 1.9

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.0 31.1 30.1 30.5 30.6 30.5 30.4 30.8 0.4

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 384.4 401.1 400.4 406.5 384.8 402.4 402.1 406.1 4.0

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,642.1 1,678.3 1,661.5 1,647.1 1,639.8 1,672.7 1,665.4 1,644.7 -20.7

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955.6 994.8 979.3 959.9 954.7 984.6 981.1 963.1 -18.0

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.5 385.3 380.5 384.7 370.0 383.6 382.3 385.3 3.0

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593.5 628.4 625.4 630.6 597.3 626.6 629.2 632.6 3.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,598 4,760 4,704 4,745 4,622 4,739 4,746 4,762 16

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,618.5 1,669.7 1,647.5 1,663.6 1,630.5 1,658.2 1,664.0 1,671.2 7.2

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.0 100.4 99.5 99.9 95.7 100.3 100.2 100.5 0.3

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.4 106.2 105.4 105.8 102.4 105.5 105.4 105.5 0.1

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.0 94.8 92.4 95.8 91.4 94.1 94.4 95.4 1.0

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349.7 351.7 352.4 357.0 349.5 351.4 352.9 356.0 3.1

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 359.7 377.9 369.1 367.4 363.6 373.5 371.6 371.4 -0.2

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.5 104.6 99.7 102.1 106.9 105.3 103.7 105.3 1.6

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862.5 880.6 876.4 877.2 861.8 878.0 878.6 877.0 -1.6

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719.7 739.7 732.5 740.2 713.7 733.1 733.1 733.1 0.0

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295.6 333.9 329.0 335.9 306.0 339.7 342.2 346.5 4.3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,466 107,305 105,221 106,131 101,850 106,408 106,832 107,381 549

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,085 29,043 28,282 28,145 27,403 28,163 28,296 28,399 103

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,589.4 5,761.0 5,723.3 5,751.9 5,622.4 5,749.7 5,762.0 5,780.3 18.3

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,075.9 3,170.8 3,157.6 3,175.7 3,085.4 3,166.6 3,173.2 3,183.2 10.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,033.6 2,106.3 2,089.5 2,097.5 2,056.8 2,103.9 2,112.2 2,118.5 6.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Change

from:

Jan.2022 -

Feb.2022p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479.9 483.9 476.2 478.7 480.2 479.2 476.6 478.6 2.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,049.0 16,054.9 15,637.4 15,493.8 15,292.6 15,595.1 15,664.3 15,701.2 36.9

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,909.6 1,943.6 1,929.0 1,937.3 1,927.3 1,950.9 1,951.7 1,954.3 2.6

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,216.0 1,224.7 1,216.6 1,221.6 1,220.5 1,226.4 1,224.9 1,225.7 0.8

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.1 163.9 159.4 161.5 161.4 170.6 170.3 170.4 0.1

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 540.5 555.0 553.0 554.2 545.4 553.9 556.4 558.1 1.7

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 432.3 460.4 444.7 445.0 436.4 445.8 441.9 447.5 5.6

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 417.4 454.8 434.6 433.1 423.1 432.2 431.5 433.9 2.4

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,362.5 1,353.3 1,337.3 1,364.6 1,413.4 1,392.0 1,398.5 1,410.6 12.1

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,154.2 3,159.6 3,113.9 3,130.8 3,152.6 3,120.9 3,116.6 3,121.0 4.4

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 999.0 1,084.2 1,085.5 1,072.7 1,004.7 1,064.3 1,075.4 1,077.0 1.6

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914.4 952.4 946.4 949.5 929.2 952.2 957.6 962.4 4.8

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 952.9 1,161.3 1,095.5 1,052.0 994.7 1,068.1 1,079.3 1,083.9 4.6

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504.5 559.4 541.0 529.6 516.5 527.7 537.1 541.4 4.3

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,024.5 3,409.5 3,245.3 3,116.9 3,096.4 3,158.4 3,186.0 3,184.9 -1.1

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905.7 1,078.7 989.9 950.9 936.7 952.6 966.1 975.0 8.9

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 2,118.8 2,330.8 2,255.4 2,166.0 2,159.7 2,205.8 2,219.9 2,209.9 -10.0

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766.2 834.1 816.7 823.3 778.4 831.2 837.9 834.9 -3.0

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611.5 682.3 647.5 639.0 619.9 651.4 650.8 649.4 -1.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,906.9 6,689.0 6,382.4 6,361.7 5,945.7 6,279.7 6,330.8 6,378.4 47.6

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436.3 514.1 519.1 527.3 438.8 517.2 523.9 530.8 6.9

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.5 145.7 145.7 145.7 145.8 146.1 146.1 146.0 -0.1

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.6 56.4 55.4 55.7 56.7 57.2 57.2 57.5 0.3

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,470.4 1,545.2 1,529.9 1,533.1 1,488.3 1,538.9 1,543.7 1,549.1 5.4

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.9 404.4 396.9 405.8 357.5 387.4 388.0 393.5 5.5

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 51.1 50.7 50.8 49.0 51.2 51.0 51.1 0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 13.4 22.1 21.3 22.2 19.1 25.7 26.9 27.3 0.4

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 697.8 763.3 756.5 768.9 701.4 754.6 761.5 770.5 9.0

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,071.4 1,414.9 1,165.5 1,109.7 1,094.8 1,087.5 1,105.0 1,114.4 9.4

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,599.9 1,771.8 1,741.4 1,742.5 1,594.3 1,713.9 1,727.5 1,738.2 10.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539.9 538.0 538.4 537.1 542.1 538.1 539.1 539.1 0.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,749 2,925 2,884 2,910 2,758 2,913 2,923 2,923 0

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 779.4 806.8 804.1 805.1 781.3 803.0 806.3 807.6 1.3

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306.3 429.3 400.6 417.0 318.1 427.1 431.1 431.0 -0.1

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.4 234.2 229.7 234.7 244.5 233.8 231.1 232.4 1.3

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680.2 661.2 654.5 654.3 677.2 655.3 653.4 651.9 -1.5

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.4 405.1 404.9 407.7 370.7 402.6 407.2 406.2 -1.0

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.2 388.5 390.0 391.3 365.8 390.9 393.8 394.0 0.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,674 8,893 8,804 8,854 8,724 8,863 8,866 8,901 35

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,503.4 6,572.1 6,533.7 6,561.1 6,510.9 6,547.9 6,549.4 6,565.6 16.2

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 20.8 20.8 20.6 20.7 20.9 20.7 20.7 20.8 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,708.8 2,710.5 2,707.5 2,714.7 2,711.3 2,706.4 2,709.6 2,715.3 5.7

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,752.0 1,730.7 1,731.3 1,734.5 1,753.4 1,732.0 1,732.5 1,734.5 2.0

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,372.7 1,342.1 1,342.4 1,343.5 1,372.2 1,344.3 1,344.0 1,343.0 -1.0

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 628.1 643.7 639.5 642.7 628.9 639.5 640.6 643.0 2.4

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 328.7 336.1 336.7 337.5 329.0 334.9 336.5 337.8 1.3

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 970.1 1,016.9 999.4 1,007.4 973.6 1,011.0 1,007.0 1,011.1 4.1

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,803.7 2,823.9 2,806.2 2,818.3 2,805.1 2,809.8 2,812.1 2,818.4 6.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,170.5 2,320.9 2,270.1 2,293.3 2,213.2 2,314.8 2,316.3 2,335.1 18.8

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,691.7 1,793.5 1,750.6 1,769.8 1,717.9 1,783.2 1,780.8 1,796.6 15.8

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458.5 506.7 499.6 503.5 474.6 511.2 515.2 518.2 3.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Change

from:

Jan.2022 -

Feb.2022p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 20.3 20.7 19.9 20.0 20.7 20.4 20.3 20.3 0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,649 21,964 21,520 21,790 20,902 21,821 21,894 21,989 95

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,682.2 10,214.7 10,169.6 10,270.3 9,636.6 10,173.4 10,199.0 10,231.0 32.0

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,137.7 1,182.7 1,168.4 1,169.1 1,141.6 1,173.8 1,174.3 1,174.2 -0.1

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,107.0 1,075.1 1,100.2 1,147.1 1,013.3 1,069.7 1,061.5 1,060.7 -0.8

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,492.6 1,589.6 1,577.9 1,584.0 1,511.9 1,590.4 1,599.1 1,603.5 4.4

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.8 149.7 144.0 145.8 136.0 147.7 146.3 147.0 0.7

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,248.1 2,368.3 2,374.2 2,383.8 2,246.2 2,368.5 2,376.7 2,381.2 4.5

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,572.6 1,721.0 1,700.5 1,713.8 1,581.9 1,702.0 1,712.6 1,722.1 9.5

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794.9 851.7 846.0 854.8 800.2 850.2 852.1 860.4 8.3

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 436.0 463.5 457.6 466.1 437.2 460.8 463.2 466.1 2.9

Other professional and technical services. . . 758.5 813.1 800.8 805.8 768.4 810.2 813.1 815.8 2.7

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,322.9 2,356.3 2,346.7 2,357.1 2,333.8 2,350.5 2,355.0 2,367.2 12.2

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,643.9 9,392.5 9,004.0 9,162.3 8,931.5 9,297.1 9,340.2 9,391.0 50.8

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,200.0 8,924.8 8,548.6 8,706.7 8,480.6 8,834.4 8,879.0 8,927.7 48.7

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 523.9 562.2 563.0 570.2 527.5 563.5 567.7 573.9 6.2

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.6 154.7 153.3 153.4 156.9 154.4 153.6 153.8 0.2

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,412.7 3,917.3 3,689.9 3,813.2 3,514.2 3,776.7 3,812.8 3,856.9 44.1

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,784.8 3,207.1 3,001.9 3,113.9 2,870.2 3,077.3 3,110.7 3,146.2 35.5

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822.6 825.2 808.5 805.7 818.7 800.0 801.0 800.6 -0.4

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.0 143.5 142.4 144.4 133.0 146.0 146.8 149.1 2.3

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 905.5 918.1 901.7 906.4 911.1 910.3 913.3 911.8 -1.5

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,967.8 2,101.1 1,991.1 2,009.7 2,132.3 2,176.3 2,177.7 2,174.6 -3.1

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.9 302.7 298.7 303.7 286.9 307.1 306.1 307.1 1.0

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.9 467.7 455.4 455.6 450.9 462.7 461.2 463.3 2.1

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,503 24,090 23,751 24,147 23,454 23,939 23,972 24,084 112

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,594.8 3,788.5 3,610.3 3,857.0 3,488.1 3,709.2 3,728.9 3,746.5 17.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,908.4 20,301.9 20,140.2 20,289.5 19,965.5 20,230.0 20,243.1 20,337.3 94.2

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,920.2 16,167.6 16,053.3 16,146.5 15,965.0 16,103.8 16,121.3 16,184.8 63.5

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,739.4 8,043.6 7,979.5 8,055.4 7,764.7 8,006.8 8,023.3 8,076.9 53.6

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,696.7 2,797.0 2,775.2 2,800.0 2,704.0 2,780.5 2,790.3 2,805.4 15.1

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968.6 1,016.0 1,018.9 1,019.8 975.5 1,017.3 1,022.2 1,025.9 3.7

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 974.3 1,057.3 1,050.4 1,064.5 979.5 1,052.6 1,056.4 1,068.5 12.1

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984.2 1,012.7 1,002.6 1,006.1 984.5 1,006.3 1,005.7 1,007.3 1.6

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 301.7 311.7 306.5 310.4 299.8 309.1 306.6 309.2 2.6

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500.4 1,534.7 1,512.3 1,539.5 1,509.3 1,527.8 1,526.3 1,546.0 19.7

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.5 314.2 313.6 315.1 312.2 313.3 315.9 314.5 -1.4

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,114.8 5,142.7 5,117.4 5,122.3 5,121.1 5,126.4 5,125.6 5,128.3 2.7

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,066.0 2,981.3 2,956.4 2,968.8 3,079.2 2,970.6 2,972.4 2,979.6 7.2

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,400.8 1,352.4 1,346.3 1,346.3 1,406.3 1,346.2 1,350.0 1,351.6 1.6

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 613.4 599.8 591.8 595.4 614.9 598.2 595.4 596.6 1.2

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896.7 875.0 863.9 871.7 902.0 871.1 871.4 875.4 4.0

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 155.1 154.1 154.4 155.4 156.1 155.0 155.6 156.0 0.4

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,988.2 4,134.3 4,086.9 4,143.0 4,000.5 4,126.2 4,121.8 4,152.5 30.7

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,665.5 2,742.7 2,705.1 2,740.9 2,671.5 2,738.1 2,727.8 2,748.5 20.7

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 191.9 198.2 195.5 198.7 192.2 196.2 195.8 198.2 2.4

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 266.1 274.0 269.1 271.2 269.6 274.7 275.4 275.1 -0.3

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864.7 919.4 917.2 932.2 867.2 917.2 922.8 930.7 7.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,540 14,804 14,459 14,720 13,270 15,105 15,272 15,451 179

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,556.6 2,049.6 1,950.9 1,999.7 1,795.8 2,192.3 2,211.0 2,239.0 28.0

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 282.3 448.7 388.7 409.9 323.0 452.2 449.1 453.1 4.0

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.5 146.5 137.2 138.7 131.8 148.2 149.9 152.0 2.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Change

from:

Jan.2022 -

Feb.2022p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,156.8 1,454.4 1,425.0 1,451.1 1,341.0 1,591.9 1,612.0 1,633.9 21.9

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 10,983.8 12,754.7 12,507.9 12,720.4 11,473.7 12,912.9 13,061.0 13,212.2 151.2

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,229.0 1,567.7 1,533.1 1,563.8 1,338.0 1,624.7 1,648.1 1,675.6 27.5

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 9,754.8 11,187.0 10,974.8 11,156.6 10,135.7 11,288.2 11,412.9 11,536.6 123.7

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,266 5,586 5,521 5,565 5,339 5,604 5,609 5,634 25

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,294.9 1,393.6 1,370.8 1,389.0 1,310.6 1,401.0 1,393.6 1,403.1 9.5

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,275.7 1,420.4 1,394.6 1,407.1 1,299.7 1,416.8 1,423.1 1,431.7 8.6

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,695.5 2,772.3 2,755.3 2,768.9 2,728.9 2,786.0 2,791.8 2,799.5 7.7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,993 22,430 22,032 22,384 21,805 22,141 22,174 22,198 24

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,867 2,894 2,859 2,856 2,888 2,876 2,875 2,875 0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,260.3 2,268.8 2,248.7 2,247.7 2,277.2 2,269.6 2,264.5 2,264.1 -0.4

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606.4 625.6 610.2 608.5 611.0 606.1 610.2 611.1 0.9

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,268 5,325 5,147 5,366 5,157 5,237 5,239 5,242 3

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,583.0 2,692.8 2,527.4 2,747.1 2,463.3 2,595.7 2,606.9 2,611.8 4.9

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,684.8 2,632.3 2,619.7 2,618.8 2,693.6 2,641.5 2,632.4 2,629.7 -2.7

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,858 14,211 14,026 14,162 13,760 14,028 14,060 14,081 21

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,669.2 7,934.1 7,798.8 7,923.9 7,449.6 7,677.0 7,708.1 7,722.9 14.8

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,189.0 6,276.8 6,227.6 6,238.5 6,310.7 6,350.8 6,351.5 6,357.8 6.3

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.6 34.8 34.6 34.7

Goods-producing.................................................................... 39.8 40.1 39.9 40.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.8 44.9 44.3 45.0

Construction....................................................................... 38.5 39.2 38.8 39.6

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.4 40.4 40.3 40.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.6 40.6 40.5 41.0

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.1 40.0 39.9 40.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.6 33.7 33.5 33.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.2 34.6 34.1 34.1

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.7 39.2 39.1 39.2

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.5 31.3 30.4 30.4

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.8 38.1 38.0 38.0

Utilities........................................................................... 42.7 42.5 42.7 42.4

Information......................................................................... 37.2 36.9 37.0 37.0

Financial activities................................................................ 37.7 37.5 37.4 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.5 36.7 36.7 36.7

Education and health services.................................................. 33.3 33.4 33.4 33.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.3 26.1 25.7 25.8

Other services..................................................................... 32.2 32.3 32.3 32.4

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.6

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.6

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Total private............................................... $30.04 $31.38 $31.57 $31.58 $1,039.38 $1,092.02 $1,092.32 $1,095.83

Goods-producing....................................... 30.43 31.69 31.88 31.83 1,211.11 1,270.77 1,272.01 1,285.93

Mining and logging.................................. 34.53 35.66 35.87 35.60 1,546.94 1,601.13 1,589.04 1,602.00

Construction.......................................... 32.27 33.62 33.83 33.91 1,242.40 1,317.90 1,312.60 1,342.84

Manufacturing........................................ 29.18 30.35 30.55 30.41 1,178.87 1,226.14 1,231.17 1,237.69

Durable goods.................................... 30.65 31.88 32.14 31.94 1,244.39 1,294.33 1,301.67 1,309.54

Nondurable goods................................ 26.73 27.79 27.88 27.84 1,071.87 1,111.60 1,112.41 1,119.17

Private service-providing.............................. 29.95 31.31 31.50 31.52 1,006.32 1,055.15 1,055.25 1,059.07

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 25.71 27.00 27.16 27.35 879.28 934.20 926.16 932.64

Wholesale trade.................................. 33.13 34.42 34.46 34.58 1,282.13 1,349.26 1,347.39 1,355.54

Retail trade........................................ 21.32 22.50 22.62 22.83 650.26 704.25 687.65 694.03

Transportation and warehousing............... 25.74 27.36 27.47 27.72 998.71 1,042.42 1,043.86 1,053.36

Utilities............................................. 44.11 45.96 46.20 46.13 1,883.50 1,953.30 1,972.74 1,955.91

Information........................................... 44.66 44.96 45.33 45.93 1,661.35 1,659.02 1,677.21 1,699.41

Financial activities................................... 39.58 40.65 40.74 40.32 1,492.17 1,524.38 1,523.68 1,516.03

Professional and business services.............. 35.77 37.68 37.93 37.97 1,305.61 1,382.86 1,392.03 1,393.50

Education and health services..................... 29.40 31.01 31.21 31.19 979.02 1,035.73 1,042.41 1,044.87

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 17.40 19.40 19.37 19.35 440.22 506.34 497.81 499.23

Other services....................................... 27.10 28.42 28.48 28.43 872.62 917.97 919.90 921.13

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2022 -

Feb.

2022p

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2022 -

Feb.

2022p

Total private..................................... 105.9 111.0 110.8 111.7 0.8 152.1 166.6 167.2 168.6 0.8

Goods-producing............................. 91.0 94.5 94.2 95.8 1.7 125.2 135.4 135.7 137.9 1.6

Mining and logging........................ 76.3 83.2 82.3 84.8 3.0 105.8 119.2 118.5 121.3 2.4

Construction................................ 97.0 102.0 101.0 103.9 2.9 136.0 149.0 148.5 153.1 3.1

Manufacturing.............................. 88.8 91.3 91.1 92.3 1.3 120.5 128.8 129.5 130.5 0.8

Durable goods........................... 86.9 89.3 89.2 90.6 1.6 118.3 126.5 127.4 128.5 0.9

Nondurable goods...................... 92.5 94.6 94.5 95.6 1.2 125.5 133.4 133.7 135.0 1.0

Private service-providing.................... 110.2 115.4 115.2 116.2 0.9 160.4 175.7 176.4 178.0 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 102.3 106.3 105.3 105.7 0.4 141.8 154.8 154.2 155.9 1.1

Wholesale trade......................... 96.0 99.4 99.4 100.0 0.6 133.0 143.1 143.2 144.6 1.0

Retail trade.............................. 94.7 99.1 96.7 96.9 0.2 133.4 147.4 144.6 146.2 1.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 132.6 137.5 138.2 139.3 0.8 173.6 191.3 193.2 196.4 1.7

Utilities.................................... 100.2 98.9 99.6 98.9 -0.7 146.0 150.2 152.0 150.7 -0.9

Information................................. 93.7 98.2 98.8 98.8 0.0 149.0 157.1 159.4 161.5 1.3

Financial activities......................... 107.8 108.9 108.6 109.7 1.0 166.4 172.7 172.6 172.5 -0.1

Professional and business services..... 119.6 125.6 126.0 126.5 0.4 173.3 191.6 193.5 194.5 0.5

Education and health services........... 127.5 130.6 130.7 131.7 0.8 180.4 194.8 196.3 197.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 95.8 112.5 112.0 113.7 1.5 134.5 176.1 175.0 177.6 1.5

Other services............................. 99.1 104.4 104.5 105.2 0.7 147.2 162.6 163.1 164.0 0.6

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Total nonfarm............................................. 71,412 74,233 74,428 74,775 49.7 49.7 49.7 49.7

Total private............................................ 58,856 61,405 61,569 61,884 48.3 48.3 48.3 48.3

Goods-producing.................................... 4,567 4,719 4,729 4,760 22.8 22.8 22.8 22.9

Mining and logging............................... 74 77 77 78 13.7 13.1 13.0 13.0

Construction....................................... 986 1,045 1,049 1,061 13.5 13.8 13.9 13.9

Manufacturing..................................... 3,507 3,597 3,603 3,621 28.7 28.6 28.7 28.7

Durable goods.................................. 1,857 1,907 1,912 1,918 24.4 24.4 24.4 24.4

Nondurable goods............................. 1,650 1,690 1,691 1,703 35.7 35.7 35.6 35.8

Private service-providing........................... 54,289 56,686 56,840 57,124 53.3 53.3 53.2 53.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,733 11,112 11,181 11,235 39.2 39.5 39.5 39.6

Wholesale trade................................ 1,681.8 1,733.9 1,736.5 1,743.3 29.9 30.2 30.1 30.2

Retail trade..................................... 7,406.9 7,590.3 7,630.8 7,655.6 48.4 48.7 48.7 48.8

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,510.1 1,652.9 1,678.6 1,701.2 25.4 26.3 26.5 26.7

Utilities........................................... 134.4 135.1 135.2 135.0 24.8 25.1 25.1 25.0

Information......................................... 1,098 1,153 1,153 1,153 39.8 39.6 39.4 39.4

Financial activities................................ 4,935 4,951 4,951 4,963 56.6 55.9 55.8 55.8

Professional and business services............ 9,603 10,101 10,120 10,167 45.9 46.3 46.2 46.2

Education and health services.................. 18,077 18,415 18,408 18,492 77.1 76.9 76.8 76.8

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,010 7,980 8,041 8,111 52.8 52.8 52.7 52.5

Other services..................................... 2,833 2,974 2,986 3,003 53.1 53.1 53.2 53.3

Government............................................. 12,556 12,828 12,859 12,891 57.6 57.9 58.0 58.1

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Total private............................................................................... 99,159 103,605 103,931 104,392

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,279 14,803 14,826 14,904

Mining and logging.................................................................. 393 444 444 450

Construction.......................................................................... 5,409 5,588 5,593 5,618

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,477 8,771 8,789 8,836

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,167 5,386 5,401 5,430

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,310 3,385 3,388 3,406

Private service-providing.............................................................. 84,880 88,802 89,105 89,488

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,093 23,811 23,880 23,943

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,463.3 4,575.9 4,585.2 4,598.8

Retail trade........................................................................ 12,995.8 13,285.9 13,311.3 13,324.9

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 5,203.5 5,520.6 5,554.8 5,590.0

Utilities.............................................................................. 430.5 428.9 429.1 429.5

Information............................................................................ 2,176 2,312 2,320 2,317

Financial activities................................................................... 6,607 6,669 6,661 6,697

Professional and business services............................................... 16,704 17,491 17,532 17,577

Education and health services..................................................... 20,517 20,856 20,892 20,950

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 11,478 13,122 13,284 13,447

Other services........................................................................ 4,305 4,541 4,536 4,557

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.1 34.1 34.0 34.1

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.6 41.0 40.7 41.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.3 46.4 45.9 46.8

Construction....................................................................... 38.9 39.9 39.6 40.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.5 41.4 41.2 41.5

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.5 41.4 41.2 41.7

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.5 41.3 41.0 41.3

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.0 33.0 32.8 32.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.3 34.1 33.9 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.5 39.1 39.1 39.2

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.9 30.6 30.2 30.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.6 37.8 37.7 37.9

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.1 42.3 41.8

Information......................................................................... 36.5 36.5 36.7 36.7

Financial activities................................................................ 37.4 37.4 37.3 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.0 36.3 36.3 36.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.6 32.6 32.5 32.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.1 24.9 24.6 24.6

Other services..................................................................... 31.1 31.4 31.2 31.4

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.4

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.5

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Total private............................................... $25.26 $26.74 $26.86 $26.94 $861.37 $911.83 $913.24 $918.65

Goods-producing....................................... 25.94 27.17 27.29 27.41 1,053.16 1,113.97 1,110.70 1,134.77

Mining and logging.................................. 30.46 32.09 31.91 31.91 1,379.84 1,488.98 1,464.67 1,493.39

Construction.......................................... 29.82 31.25 31.45 31.62 1,160.00 1,246.88 1,245.42 1,286.93

Manufacturing........................................ 23.39 24.38 24.48 24.54 970.69 1,009.33 1,008.58 1,018.41

Durable goods.................................... 24.39 25.46 25.58 25.60 1,012.19 1,054.04 1,053.90 1,067.52

Nondurable goods................................ 21.82 22.65 22.73 22.83 905.53 935.45 931.93 942.88

Private service-providing.............................. 25.12 26.65 26.77 26.84 828.96 879.45 878.06 883.04

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 21.75 23.27 23.35 23.49 746.03 793.51 791.57 798.66

Wholesale trade.................................. 27.30 28.49 28.51 28.68 1,051.05 1,113.96 1,114.74 1,124.26

Retail trade........................................ 18.00 19.17 19.29 19.39 556.20 586.60 582.56 587.52

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.88 25.24 25.19 25.42 883.17 954.07 949.66 963.42

Utilities............................................. 39.54 41.09 41.17 40.82 1,684.40 1,729.89 1,741.49 1,706.28

Information........................................... 36.93 36.97 36.97 37.04 1,347.95 1,349.41 1,356.80 1,359.37

Financial activities................................... 29.97 30.98 31.08 31.12 1,120.88 1,158.65 1,159.28 1,163.89

Professional and business services.............. 29.81 31.65 31.88 31.95 1,073.16 1,148.90 1,157.24 1,162.98

Education and health services..................... 26.25 28.20 28.32 28.38 855.75 919.32 920.40 925.19

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 15.07 17.16 17.12 17.22 363.19 427.28 421.15 423.61

Other services....................................... 23.07 24.28 24.39 24.48 717.48 762.39 760.97 768.67

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2022 -

Feb.

2022p

Feb.

2021

Dec.

2021

Jan.

2022p

Feb.

2022p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2022 -

Feb.

2022p

Total private..................................... 112.7 117.7 117.8 118.6 0.7 190.2 210.4 211.4 213.6 1.0

Goods-producing............................. 88.6 92.7 92.2 94.3 2.3 140.7 154.3 154.1 158.3 2.7

Mining and logging........................ 94.6 109.5 108.3 111.9 3.3 167.6 204.3 201.0 207.7 3.3

Construction................................ 105.4 111.6 110.9 114.5 3.2 169.6 188.4 188.3 195.5 3.8

Manufacturing.............................. 80.8 83.4 83.1 84.2 1.3 123.5 132.9 133.1 135.1 1.5

Durable goods........................... 80.6 83.8 83.6 85.1 1.8 122.7 133.1 133.5 136.0 1.9

Nondurable goods...................... 80.9 82.4 81.8 82.9 1.3 124.8 131.8 131.5 133.7 1.7

Private service-providing.................... 119.3 124.9 124.5 125.4 0.7 205.6 228.2 228.6 230.9 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 110.8 113.5 113.2 113.8 0.5 172.2 188.8 188.9 191.1 1.2

Wholesale trade......................... 102.0 106.2 106.4 107.0 0.6 164.3 178.6 179.0 181.1 1.2

Retail trade.............................. 101.6 102.9 101.7 102.2 0.5 156.7 169.0 168.2 169.8 1.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 152.0 157.9 158.5 160.3 1.1 221.4 253.7 254.1 259.4 2.1

Utilities.................................... 93.8 92.3 92.8 91.8 -1.1 154.8 158.4 159.5 156.4 -1.9

Information................................. 90.7 96.3 97.2 97.1 -0.1 165.7 176.3 177.9 178.0 0.1

Financial activities......................... 116.3 117.4 116.9 117.9 0.9 214.4 223.7 223.6 225.7 0.9

Professional and business services..... 134.5 142.0 142.3 143.1 0.6 238.3 267.2 269.8 271.8 0.7

Education and health services........... 142.6 145.0 144.8 145.6 0.6 247.1 269.8 270.6 272.8 0.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 101.3 119.7 119.7 121.2 1.3 173.4 233.2 232.7 237.0 1.8

Other services............................. 93.9 100.0 99.3 100.4 1.1 157.8 176.9 176.4 179.0 1.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.