Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-20-0568 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) April 10, 2020 

Technical information: (202) 691-7000 • cpi_info@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cpi 

Media Contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

CONSUMER PRICE INDEX – MARCH 2020

The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) declined 0.4 percent in March on a 

seasonally adjusted basis, the largest monthly decline since January 2015, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 

Statistics reported today. Over the last 12 months, the all items index increased 1.5 percent before 

seasonal adjustment.

A sharp decline in the gasoline index was a major cause of the monthly decrease in the seasonally 

adjusted all items index, with decreases in the indexes for airline fares, lodging away from home, and 

apparel also contributing. The energy index fell 5.8 percent as the gasoline index decreased 10.5 percent.

The food index rose in March, increasing 0.3 percent as the food at home index rose 0.5 percent. 

The index for all items less food and energy fell 0.1 percent in March, its first monthly decline since 

January 2010. Along with the indexes for airline fares, lodging away from home, and apparel, the index 

for new vehicles declined in March. The index for shelter was unchanged, with increases in the indexes 

for rent and for owners’ equivalent rent offsetting the aforementioned decline in the index for lodging 

away from home. Indexes that increased in March include medical care, used cars and trucks, motor 

vehicle insurance, and education. 

The all items index increased 1.5 percent for the 12 months ending March, a notably smaller increase 

than the 2.3-percent increase for the period ending February. The index for all items less food and 

energy rose 2.1 percent over the last 12 months. The food index rose 1.9 percent over the last 12 months, 

while the energy index declined 5.7 percent. 

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Mar'19 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar'20

Chart 1. One-month percent change in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), seasonally adjusted, Mar. 2019 - Mar. 2020

Percent change

 0.4

 0.3

 0.1 0.1

 0.3

 0.1 0.1

 0.2 0.2 0.2

 0.1 0.1

-0.4
- 2 -

Chart 2. 12-month percent change in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), not seasonally adjusted, Mar. 2019 - Mar. 2020

Percent change

All items All items less food and energy

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

Mar'19 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar'20

Table A. Percent changes in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average

Seasonally adjusted changes from preceding month Unadjusted

12-mos.

ended

Mar. 2020

Sep.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

All items.................................................... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.5

Food..................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 1.9

Food at home........................................ 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 1.1

Food away from home1

............................ 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2

-0.4

0.3

0.5

0.2 3.0

Energy................................................... -0.8 1.7 0.8 1.6 -0.7 -2.0 -5.8 -5.7

Energy commodities................................ -1.5 2.6 1.2 3.0 -1.6 -3.5 -10.4 -10.4

Gasoline (all types)............................... -1.5 2.7 1.2 3.1 -1.6 -3.4 -10.5 -10.2

Fuel oil............................................. 1.1 1.0 1.1 -8.5 -13.7 -20.1

Energy services..................................... 0.7 0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.5

Electricity..........................................

-0.6

0.1

0.2 0.6 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2

-0.5

0.2

Utility (piped) gas service........................ 1.2 0.5 -1.4

All items less food and energy.......................

-0.2

0.2 0.1 0.2

-0.5

0.1

-0.4

0.6

0.4

1.0

0.2

-0.9

0.2 -0.1

-2.9

2.1

Commodities less food and energy

commodities....................................... 0.0 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 -0.3 -0.2

New vehicles...................................... -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1

Used cars and trucks............................

-0.1

0.6 -1.2 0.4

-0.4

0.8

-0.4

0.1

Apparel............................................. -0.3

-1.2

0.7 0.4

Medical care commodities.......................

Services less energy services.....................

Shelter.............................................

-0.4

0.1

1.0

0.2

0.2

-2.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

-1.6

1.3

2.8

3.0

Transportation services..........................

Medical care services............................

-0.1

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.4

-1.7

1.0

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.8

-0.7

0.6

0.0

0.3

0.3

0.0

0.4

-0.1

0.3

-0.6

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.3

-0.6

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

-1.9

0.5

-0.7

5.5

1 Not seasonally adjusted.
- 3 -

Food 

The food index increased 0.3 percent in March, after rising 0.4 percent in February. The index for food 

at home increased 0.5 percent in March, the same increase as the prior month. All six major grocery 

store food group indexes increased in March. The index for nonalcoholic beverages rose 0.9 percent, its 

third consecutive increase. The index for fruits and vegetables rose 0.8 percent in March after being 

unchanged in February. 

The index for dairy and related products continued to rise, increasing 0.6 percent in March after a 1.1-

percent increase in February. The index for other food at home also rose 0.6 percent over the month, and 

the indexes for cereals and bakery products and for meats, poultry, fish, and eggs each increased 0.1 

percent. 

The index for food away from home rose 0.2 percent in March, the same increase as the prior month.

The index for limited service meals rose 0.4 percent, while the index for full service meals was 

unchanged in March. 

The food at home index increased 1.1 percent over the last 12 months. The index for dairy and related 

products increased 3.7 percent over the last year. The index for meats, poultry, fish, and eggs rose 2.3 

percent, with the beef index increasing 3.8 percent. The indexes for nonalcoholic beverages and for 

other food at home both rose 1.4 percent over the last 12 months, while the index for cereals and bakery 

products increased slightly, rising 0.1 percent. The fruits and vegetables index declined 1.9 percent, with 

the fresh fruits index falling 3.5 percent. The index for food away from home rose 3.0 percent over the 

last year. The index for full service meals increased 3.2 percent and the index for limited service meals 

rose 2.8 percent over the last 12 months. 

Energy

The energy index declined 5.8 percent in March, its largest monthly decrease since January 2015. The 

gasoline index fell for the third month in a row, declining 10.5 percent; before seasonal adjustment, 

gasoline prices fell 7.4 percent. The other major energy component indexes also declined in March. The 

index for fuel oil declined sharply, falling 13.7 percent. The index for natural gas fell 1.4 percent, and 

the electricity index decreased 0.2 percent. 

The energy index fell 5.7 percent over the past 12 months, its largest 12-month decline since the period 

ending August 2016. The gasoline index decreased 10.2 percent, while the fuel oil index fell 20.1 

percent. The index for natural gas declined more modestly, falling 2.9 percent. The electricity index 

increased slightly over the last 12 months, rising 0.2 percent. 

 

All items less food and energy

The index for all items less food and energy decreased 0.1 percent in March. The shelter index was 

unchanged in March. The indexes for rent and owners’ equivalent rent both increased 0.3 percent, but 

were offset by a 6.8-percent decline in the index for lodging away from home. The airline fares index 

declined sharply in March, falling 12.6 percent following a 0.3-percent decline in February. The apparel 

index fell 2.0 percent in March after rising in each of the prior 4 months. The index for new vehicles fell 

0.4 percent in March after rising in February. 
- 4 -

The medical care index rose 0.4 percent in March, though its component indexes were mixed. The index 

for physicians’ services rose 0.3 percent, and the index for hospital services increased 0.4 percent. The 

prescription drugs index, however, decreased 0.2 percent. The index for used cars and trucks increased 

0.8 percent in March, and the index for motor vehicle insurance rose 0.6 percent. The indexes for 

education, recreation, tobacco, alcoholic beverages, and personal care all also increased in March. 

The index for all items less food and energy rose 2.1 percent over the past 12 months. The shelter index 

rose 3.0 percent over the 12-month span, and the medical care index rose 4.7 percent. Indexes that 

declined over the past 12 months include airline fares (-10.6 percent), apparel (-1.6 percent), and new 

vehicles (-0.4 percent). 

Not seasonally adjusted CPI measures 

The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) increased 1.5 percent over the last 12 

months to an index level of 258.115 (1982-84=100). For the month, the index decreased 0.2 percent 

prior to seasonal adjustment. 

The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) increased 1.5 

percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 251.375 (1982-84=100). For the month, the index 

decreased 0.2 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. 

The Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) increased 1.3 percent over the 

last 12 months. For the month, the index decreased 0.3 percent on a not seasonally adjusted basis. Please 

note that the indexes for the past 10 to 12 months are subject to revision. 

_______________ 

The Consumer Price Index for April 2020 is scheduled to be released on Tuesday, May 12, 2020 at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT). 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on March 2020 Consumer Price Index Data

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) program suspended data collection by personal visit on March 

16, 2020. When possible, data normally collected by personal visit were collected either online

or by phone. Additionally, data collection in March was affected by the temporary closing or 

limited operations of certain types of establishments. These factors resulted in an increase in

the number of prices being considered temporarily unavailable and imputed. While the CPI 

program attempted to collect as much data as possible, many indexes are based on smaller 

amounts of collected prices than usual, and a small number of indexes that are normally 

published were not published this month. Additional information is available at 

www.bls.gov/bls/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-bls-price-indexes.htm#CPI. 

Specific information about the impact of COVID-19 on March 2020 CPI data collection is 

available at www.bls.gov/cpi/additional-resources/covid19-statement-march-2020.htm.
- 5 -

Technical Note

Brief Explanation of the CPI

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in prices paid by consumers for goods and 

services. The CPI reflects spending patterns for each of two population groups: all urban consumers and 

urban wage earners and clerical workers. The all urban consumer group represents about 93 percent of 

the total U.S. population. It is based on the expenditures of almost all residents of urban or metropolitan 

areas, including professionals, the self-employed, the poor, the unemployed, and retired people, as well 

as urban wage earners and clerical workers. Not included in the CPI are the spending patterns of people 

living in rural nonmetropolitan areas, farming families, people in the Armed Forces, and those in 

institutions, such as prisons and mental hospitals. Consumer inflation for all urban consumers is 

measured by two indexes, namely, the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) and the 

Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U). 

The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is based on the 

expenditures of households included in the CPI-U definition that meet two requirements: more than onehalf of the household's income must come from clerical or wage occupations, and at least one of the 

household's earners must have been employed for at least 37 weeks during the previous 12 months. The 

CPI-W population represents about 29 percent of the total U.S. population and is a subset of the CPI-U 

population. 

The CPIs are based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, fuels, transportation, doctors’ and dentists’ 

services, drugs, and other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. Prices are collected 

each month in 75 urban areas across the country from about 6,000 housing units and approximately 

22,000 retail establishments (department stores, supermarkets, hospitals, filling stations, and other types 

of stores and service establishments). All taxes directly associated with the purchase and use of items are 

included in the index. Prices of fuels and a few other items are obtained every month in all 75 locations. 

Prices of most other commodities and services are collected every month in the three largest geographic 

areas and every other month in other areas. Prices of most goods and services are obtained by personal 

visits or telephone calls by the Bureau’s trained representatives.

In calculating the index, price changes for the various items in each location are aggregated using 

weights, which represent their importance in the spending of the appropriate population group. Local 

data are then combined to obtain a U.S. city average. For the CPI-U and CPI-W, separate indexes are 

also published by size of city, by region of the country, for cross-classifications of regions and 

population-size classes, and for 23 selected local areas. Area indexes do not measure differences in the 

level of prices among cities; they only measure the average change in prices for each area since the base 

period. For the C-CPI-U, data are issued only at the national level. The CPI-U and CPI-W are 

considered final when released, but the C-CPI-U is issued in preliminary form and subject to three 

subsequent quarterly revisions. 

The index measures price change from a designed reference date. For most of the CPI-U and the CPI-W, 

the reference base is 1982-84 equals 100. The reference base for the C-CPI-U is December 1999 equals 

100. An increase of 7 percent from the reference base, for example, is shown as 107.000. Alternatively, 

that relationship can also be expressed as the price of a base period market basket of goods and services 

rising from $100 to $107. 

Sampling Error in the CPI

The CPI is a statistical estimate that is subject to sampling error because it is based upon a sample of 

retail prices and not the complete universe of all prices. BLS calculates and publishes estimates of the 1-

month, 2-month, 6-month, and 12-month percent change standard errors annually for the CPI-U. These 

standard error estimates can be used to construct confidence intervals for hypothesis testing. For 
- 6 -

example, the estimated standard error of the 1-month percent change is 0.03 percent for the U.S. all 

items CPI. This means that if we repeatedly sample from the universe of all retail prices using the same 

methodology, and estimate a percentage change for each sample, then 95 percent of these estimates will 

be within 0.06 percent of the 1-month percentage change based on all retail prices. For example, for a 1-

month change of 0.2 percent in the all items CPI-U, we are 95 percent confident that the actual percent 

change based on all retail prices would fall between 0.14 and 0.26 percent. For the latest data, including 

information on how to use the estimates of standard error, see https://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/varianceestimates/home.htm. 

Calculating Index Changes 

Movements of the indexes from 1 month to another are usually expressed as percent changes rather than 

changes in index points, because index point changes are affected by the level of the index in relation to 

its base period, while percent changes are not. The following table shows an example of using index 

values to calculate percent changes:

Item A Item B Item C

Year I 112.500 225.000 110.000

Year II 121.500 243.000 128.000

Change in index 

points 9.000 18.000 18.000

Percent change 9.0/112.500 x 100 = 8.0 18.0/225.000 x 100 = 8.0 18.0/110.000 x 100 = 16.4

Use of Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) produces both unadjusted and seasonally adjusted data. Seasonally 

adjusted data are computed using seasonal factors derived by the X-13ARIMA-SEATS seasonal 

adjustment method. These factors are updated each February, and the new factors are used to revise the 

previous 5 years of seasonally adjusted data. The factors are available at 

www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/seasonal-adjustment/seasonal-factors-2020.pdf. For more information on data 

revision scheduling, please see the Factsheet on Seasonal Adjustment at www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonaladjustment/questions-and-answers.htm and the Timeline of Seasonal Adjustment Methodological 

Changes at www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonal-adjustment/timeline-seasonal-adjustment-methodologychanges.htm. 

For analyzing short-term price trends in the economy, seasonally adjusted changes are usually preferred 

since they eliminate the effect of changes that normally occur at the same time and in about the same 

magnitude every year—such as price movements resulting from weather events, production cycles, 

model changeovers, holidays, and sales. This allows data users to focus on changes that are not typical 

for the time of year. The unadjusted data are of primary interest to consumers concerned about the prices 

they actually pay. Unadjusted data are also used extensively for escalation purposes. Many collective 

bargaining contract agreements and pension plans, for example, tie compensation changes to the 

Consumer Price Index before adjustment for seasonal variation. BLS advises against the use of 

seasonally adjusted data in escalation agreements because seasonally adjusted series are revised 

annually. 

Intervention Analysis 
- 7 -

The Bureau of Labor Statistics uses intervention analysis seasonal adjustment for some CPI series. 

Sometimes extreme values or sharp movements can distort the underlying seasonal pattern of price 

change. Intervention analysis seasonal adjustment is a process by which the distortions caused by such 

unusual events are estimated and removed from the data prior to calculation of seasonal factors. The 

resulting seasonal factors, which more accurately represent the seasonal pattern, are then applied to the 

unadjusted data. 

For example, this procedure was used for the motor fuel series to offset the effects of the 2009 return to 

normal pricing after the worldwide economic downturn in 2008. Retaining this outlier data during 

seasonal factor calculation would distort the computation of the seasonal portion of the time series data 

for motor fuel, so it was estimated and removed from the data prior to seasonal adjustment. Following 

that, seasonal factors were calculated based on this “prior adjusted” data. These seasonal factors 

represent a clearer picture of the seasonal pattern in the data. The last step is for motor fuel seasonal 

factors to be applied to the unadjusted data. 

For the seasonal factors introduced for January 2020, BLS adjusted 53 series using intervention analysis 

seasonal adjustment, including selected food and beverage items, motor fuels, electricity, and vehicles. 

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Indexes 

Seasonally adjusted data, including the U.S. city average all items index levels, are subject to revision 

for up to 5 years after their original release. Every year, economists in the CPI calculate new seasonal 

factors for seasonally adjusted series and apply them to the last 5 years of data. Seasonally adjusted 

indexes beyond the last 5 years of data are considered to be final and not subject to revision. For January 

2020, revised seasonal factors and seasonally adjusted indexes for 2015 to 2019 were calculated and 

published. For series which are directly adjusted using the Census X-13ARIMA-SEATS seasonal 

adjustment software, the seasonal factors for 2019 will be applied to data for 2020 to produce the 

seasonally adjusted 2020 indexes. Series which are indirectly seasonally adjusted by summing 

seasonally adjusted component series have seasonal factors which are derived and are therefore not 

available in advance. 

Determining Seasonal Status 

Each year the seasonal status of every series is reevaluated based upon certain statistical criteria. Using 

these criteria, BLS economists determine whether a series should change its status from "not seasonally 

adjusted" to "seasonally adjusted", or vice versa. If any of the 81 components of the U.S. city average all 

items index change their seasonal adjustment status from seasonally adjusted to not seasonally adjusted, 

not seasonally adjusted data will be used in the aggregation of the dependent series for the last 5 years, 

but the seasonally adjusted indexes before that period will not be changed. Twenty-eight of the 81 

components of the U.S. city average all items index are not seasonally adjusted for 2020. 

Contact Information 

For additional information about the CPI visit www.bls.gov/cpi or contact the CPI Information and 

Analysis Section at 202-691-7000 or cpi_info@bls.gov. 

For additional information on seasonal adjustment in the CPI visit www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonaladjustment/home.htm or contact the CPI seasonal adjustment section at 202-691-6968 or 

cpiseas@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: 202-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339. 
Table 1. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Unadjusted indexes Unadjusted percent

change

Seasonally adjusted percent

change

Mar.

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2019-

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

Dec.

2019-

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020-

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

All items............................................. 100.000 254.202 258.678 258.115 1.5 -0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.4

Food.............................................. 13.788 257.724 261.876 262.708 1.9 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3

Food at home................................. 7.601 242.555 244.054 245.163 1.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.5

Cereals and bakery products............ 0.983 277.275 276.641 277.646 0.1 0.4 -0.4 0.5 0.1

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs............ 1.675 249.062 253.396 254.724 2.3 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.1

Dairy and related products............... 0.772 217.531 224.443 225.627 3.7 0.5 0.2 1.1 0.6

Fruits and vegetables..................... 1.321 305.399 299.817 299.641 -1.9 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.8

Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage

materials.................................. 0.914 172.060 173.194 174.454 1.4 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.9

Other food at home........................ 1.937 211.550 213.215 214.565 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.6

Food away from home1...................... 6.187 281.887 289.781 290.216 3.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2

Energy............................................ 6.517 211.724 208.354 199.573 -5.7 -4.2 -0.7 -2.0 -5.8

Energy commodities......................... 3.422 231.228 223.913 207.215 -10.4 -7.5 -1.6 -3.5 -10.4

Fuel oil...................................... 0.098 287.496 268.835 229.794 -20.1 -14.5 -0.4 -8.5 -13.7

Motor fuel................................... 3.261 226.616 219.677 203.512 -10.2 -7.4 -1.6 -3.3 -10.4

Gasoline (all types)..................... 3.186 225.282 218.373 202.205 -10.2 -7.4 -1.6 -3.4 -10.5

Energy services............................... 3.095 202.461 202.712 201.439 -0.5 -0.6 0.6 -0.3 -0.5

Electricity.................................... 2.417 210.937 212.180 211.332 0.2 -0.4 0.4 -0.1 -0.2

Utility (piped) gas service................. 0.678 174.089 171.469 168.994 -2.9 -1.4 1.0 -0.9 -1.4

All items less food and energy................ 79.695 261.836 267.268 267.312 2.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.1

Commodities less food and energy

commodities................................ 20.240 144.994 144.605 144.718 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.3

Apparel...................................... 2.916 125.785 124.438 123.815 -1.6 -0.5 0.7 0.4 -2.0

New vehicles............................... 3.750 147.788 147.803 147.124 -0.4 -0.5 0.0 0.1 -0.4

Used cars and trucks...................... 2.522 140.513 137.452 140.689 0.1 2.4 -1.2 0.4 0.8

Medical care commodities................ 1.620 379.568 384.701 384.498 1.3 -0.1 -0.6 -0.6 0.0

Alcoholic beverages....................... 1.026 252.087 254.831 255.660 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5

Tobacco and smoking products.......... 0.586 1,103.240 1,148.752 1,162.660 5.4 1.2 0.3 0.6 1.0

Services less energy services.............. 59.455 334.518 344.006 343.990 2.8 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0

Shelter....................................... 33.194 315.135 324.254 324.615 3.0 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.0

Rent of primary residence............. 7.782 327.513 338.616 339.519 3.7 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3

Owners’ equivalent rent of

residences2

............................ 24.032 322.482 332.177 332.864 3.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

Medical care services..................... 7.228 528.575 555.597 557.889 5.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5

Physicians’ services.................... 1.804 381.045 386.202 386.483 1.4 0.1 -0.4 0.2 0.3

Hospital services3

....................... 2.208 336.648 350.635 351.350 4.4 0.2 0.8 -0.1 0.4

Transportation services................... 5.418 323.982 327.466 321.610 -0.7 -1.8 0.3 0.3 -1.9

Motor vehicle maintenance and

repair1.................................. 1.079 294.226 302.220 304.131 3.4 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.6

Motor vehicle insurance................ 1.700 573.087 576.450 579.462 1.1 0.5 -0.2 0.5 0.6

Airline fares.............................. 0.820 259.698 265.142 232.113 -10.6 -12.5 0.7 -0.3 -12.6

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2

Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.

3

Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2020

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2019-

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

Dec.

2019-

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020-

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

All items................................................................. 100.000 1.5 -0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.4

Food.................................................................. 13.788 1.9 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3

Food at home..................................................... 7.601 1.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.5

Cereals and bakery products................................. 0.983 0.1 0.4 -0.4 0.5 0.1

Cereals and cereal products............................... 0.301 -1.0 0.8 0.1 -0.2 0.7

Flour and prepared flour mixes......................... 0.042 -0.7 0.8 -0.5 -0.6 1.0

Breakfast cereal1

......................................... 0.137 -1.2 1.8 -1.0 -0.8 1.8

Rice, pasta, cornmeal1

................................... 0.123 -1.0 -0.2 1.5 0.7 -0.2

Rice1, 2, 3

................................................ -2.3 -0.2 1.0 0.1 -0.2

Bakery products1

......................................... 0.682 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.2

Bread1, 2................................................. 0.195 2.3 0.3 -0.8 0.9 0.3

White bread1, 3...................................... 4.0 0.8 -0.4 0.8 0.8

Bread other than white1, 3.......................... 0.7 0.5 -1.0 0.8 0.5

Fresh biscuits, rolls, muffins2

......................... 0.098 -1.4 -0.1 -1.1 0.9 -0.5

Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies....................... 0.174 0.8 1.5 0.6 -1.2 1.8

Cookies1, 3........................................... 1.4 1.4 1.3 -1.3 1.4

Fresh cakes and cupcakes1, 3..................... -0.5 0.8 1.2 -0.9 0.8

Other bakery products................................ 0.214 0.0 -1.0 -1.8 2.1 -1.0

Fresh sweetrolls, coffeecakes, doughnuts1, 3

.... -1.4 -2.3 -1.1 1.2 -2.3

Crackers, bread, and cracker products3

. . . . . . . .. 1.8 0.3 -3.1 2.7 0.1

Frozen and refrigerated bakery products, pies,

tarts, turnovers3

................................... -1.3 -1.5 -0.4 2.2 -1.7

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs................................ 1.675 2.3 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.1

Meats, poultry, and fish.................................... 1.576 2.5 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.0

Meats...................................................... 0.989 3.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 -0.3

Beef and veal.......................................... 0.451 3.8 0.6 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Uncooked ground beef1

............................ 0.166 5.9 1.4 0.6 -0.4 1.4

Uncooked beef roasts1, 2........................... 0.070 3.6 0.0 -0.7 1.2 0.0

Uncooked beef steaks2............................. 0.174 2.1 0.5 0.0 -0.1 -1.1

Uncooked other beef and veal1, 2................. 0.041 2.7 -0.7 0.2 0.8 -0.7

Pork...................................................... 0.313 3.5 0.2 0.2 1.1 -0.6

Bacon, breakfast sausage, and related

products2.......................................... 0.129 1.8 -0.4 0.2 -0.6 -1.0

Bacon and related products3

.................... -1.1 -2.4 -0.1 0.0 -3.1

Breakfast sausage and related products2, 3

... 6.4 2.6 1.1 -1.1 3.1

Ham................................................... 0.065 8.2 4.9 1.9 3.2 1.2

Ham, excluding canned3

........................ 7.7 5.0 1.8 4.1 0.2

Pork chops1

.......................................... 0.048 3.2 -1.3 -1.7 2.4 -1.3

Other pork including roasts, steaks, and ribs2... 0.071 2.3 -2.1 -0.9 1.9 -1.9

Other meats............................................ 0.225 1.9 0.3 1.2 -0.2 -0.2

Frankfurters3

......................................... 1.9 2.7 4.8 -3.4 1.6

Lunchmeats2, 3...................................... 1.9 -0.2 0.9 -0.4 -0.3

Lamb and organ meats1, 3.........................

Lamb and mutton1, 2, 3..............................

Poultry1.................................................. 0.319 2.2 1.3 -1.2 0.4 1.3

Chicken1, 2........................................... 0.259 1.2 1.3 -1.7 0.0 1.3

Fresh whole chicken1, 3.......................... 1.5 1.2 -2.1 -0.9 1.2

Fresh and frozen chicken parts1, 3............. 1.1 1.2 -1.6 0.5 1.2

Other uncooked poultry including turkey2........ 0.060 7.1 1.3 0.1 1.9 1.6

Fish and seafood...................................... 0.267 0.1 -0.4 0.7 0.0 -0.5

Fresh fish and seafood2

............................ 0.136 1.4 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.1

Processed fish and seafood2

...................... 0.131 -1.2 -1.3 0.9 -0.5 -0.5

Shelf stable fish and seafood1, 3

............... 0.9 -0.6 0.7 -1.4 -0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2020 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2019-

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

Dec.

2019-

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020-

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

Frozen fish and seafood3........................ -2.1 -2.5 0.0 0.1 -2.0

Eggs........................................................ 0.099 -1.6 1.7 -1.4 -0.8 2.8

Dairy and related products................................... 0.772 3.7 0.5 0.2 1.1 0.6

Milk2

........................................................... 0.209 4.9 0.0 2.1 0.1 0.2

Fresh whole milk3........................................ 5.1 0.0 1.8 0.2 0.1

Fresh milk other than whole2, 3......................... 4.2 0.0 2.1 -0.1 0.1

Cheese and related products1

............................. 0.261 5.0 0.0 -0.2 1.1 0.0

Ice cream and related products........................... 0.108 2.6 1.1 0.5 -0.6 2.2

Other dairy and related products1, 2...................... 0.194 1.4 1.4 0.2 1.5 1.4

Fruits and vegetables......................................... 1.321 -1.9 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.8

Fresh fruits and vegetables................................ 1.040 -2.4 -0.2 0.2 0.0 0.7

Fresh fruits................................................ 0.530 -3.5 0.6 -1.4 0.1 1.0

Apples................................................... 0.074 -8.8 -1.4 -0.9 -1.6 -1.9

Bananas1

............................................... 0.077 -1.4 0.3 -0.8 -0.4 0.3

Citrus fruits2............................................ 0.128 -9.5 0.0 -0.2 -2.7 -1.1

Oranges, including tangerines3.................... -10.8 -1.4 -0.2 -3.7 -0.7

Other fresh fruits2

...................................... 0.251 1.0 1.5 -3.6 3.0 4.6

Fresh vegetables......................................... 0.510 -1.3 -1.0 2.0 0.0 0.3

Potatoes................................................. 0.080 4.1 0.8 1.0 -0.9 2.5

Lettuce1

................................................. 0.061 -4.2 -0.5 0.5 -3.6 -0.5

Tomatoes............................................... 0.084 7.8 2.1 5.1 3.2 4.5

Other fresh vegetables................................ 0.285 -4.7 -2.5 1.3 -0.5 -1.8

Processed fruits and vegetables2

...................... 0.280 0.2 0.5 -0.5 -0.2 1.1

Canned fruits and vegetables2....................... 0.146 -0.7 0.3 -1.0 -0.3 1.1

Canned fruits2, 3..................................... -1.9 -0.7 -1.4 0.7 -0.4

Canned vegetables2, 3.............................. 0.4 1.3 -0.4 -0.8 1.8

Frozen fruits and vegetables2

........................ 0.084 0.8 0.7 1.6 -1.0 0.3

Frozen vegetables3................................. 0.9 -0.2 1.5 0.2 -0.5

Other processed fruits and vegetables including

dried2................................................. 0.051 2.6 0.6 -0.2 -0.4 1.8

Dried beans, peas, and lentils1, 2, 3............... 1.8 1.1 -0.2 -0.5 1.1

Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials. . . . . . . .. 0.914 1.4 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.9

Juices and nonalcoholic drinks2

........................... 0.650 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.1 1.1

Carbonated drinks........................................ 0.273 1.6 1.0 0.4 0.0 1.3

Frozen noncarbonated juices and drinks1, 2.......... 0.006 -4.1 0.3 0.2 -1.1 0.3

Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices and drinks2......... 0.372 1.6 0.5 0.3 -0.2 0.9

Beverage materials including coffee and tea2........... 0.264 1.1 0.7 -0.6 1.1 1.1

Coffee...................................................... 0.169 0.3 1.1 -0.5 0.9 1.0

Roasted coffee3

........................................ 0.8 1.5 0.2 0.2 1.3

Instant coffee1, 3........................................ -3.1 -0.6 -1.3 1.5 -0.6

Other beverage materials including tea1, 2............ 0.094 2.4 0.1 -0.7 1.6 0.1

Other food at home............................................ 1.937 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.6

Sugar and sweets1

.......................................... 0.265 2.6 0.6 2.6 -0.6 0.6

Sugar and sugar substitutes............................ 0.036 5.9 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.7

Candy and chewing gum1, 2............................. 0.176 3.2 0.6 2.4 -0.7 0.6

Other sweets2

............................................. 0.053 -1.6 0.6 0.1 -1.5 0.7

Fats and oils................................................. 0.213 -0.3 0.7 1.2 -0.4 1.1

Butter and margarine2

................................... 0.064 0.2 2.5 2.0 -1.2 3.1

Butter3

................................................... 0.7 2.4 1.7 -0.6 2.6

Margarine3

.............................................. 2.0 2.1 2.2 -1.0 2.7

Salad dressing2........................................... 0.051 2.7 1.4 1.4 -1.0 1.8

Other fats and oils including peanut butter2

. . . . . . . . .. 0.098 -2.2 -0.8 0.5 0.4 -0.6

Peanut butter1, 2, 3

..................................... -1.9 -0.2 -3.6 4.2 -0.2

Other foods................................................ 1.459 1.5 0.6 -0.4 1.3 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2020 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2019-

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

Dec.

2019-

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020-

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

Soups.................................................... 0.087 3.2 1.9 0.7 1.6 0.4

Frozen and freeze dried prepared foods........... 0.252 1.6 -0.1 1.1 1.0 -0.1

Snacks1

................................................. 0.332 -0.3 0.5 -0.7 2.5 0.5

Spices, seasonings, condiments, sauces........... 0.290 1.8 1.6 -0.7 1.5 1.6

Salt and other seasonings and spices2, 3........ 1.6 1.2 0.1 -0.9 2.2

Olives, pickles, relishes1, 2, 3....................... 0.9 4.0 0.1 0.9

Sauces and gravies2, 3

............................. 2.3 2.3 -0.9 3.0 1.7

Other condiments3.................................. -0.1 1.9 -0.8 -0.6 1.8

Baby food1, 2........................................... 0.042 3.6 0.2 -1.2 3.7 0.2

Other miscellaneous foods2.......................... 0.455 2.1 0.3 -1.0 1.0 0.0

Prepared salads1, 3, 4

............................... 5.4 0.0 -0.5 0.3 0.0

Food away from home1

.......................................... 6.187 3.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2

Full service meals and snacks1, 2........................... 3.124 3.2 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0

Limited service meals and snacks1, 2....................... 2.666 2.8 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4

Food at employee sites and schools2....................... 0.145 1.9 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4

Food at elementary and secondary schools1, 3, 5....... 2.2 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Food from vending machines and mobile vendors1, 2. . .. 0.080 3.6 0.2 0.3 -0.3 0.2

Other food away from home1, 2.............................. 0.172 1.8 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Energy................................................................ 6.517 -5.7 -4.2 -0.7 -2.0 -5.8

Energy commodities............................................. 3.422 -10.4 -7.5 -1.6 -3.5 -10.4

Fuel oil and other fuels........................................ 0.161 -14.2 -9.5 -1.4 -5.7 -8.9

Fuel oil........................................................ 0.098 -20.1 -14.5 -0.4 -8.5 -13.7

Propane, kerosene, and firewood6

........................ 0.062 -4.6 -1.5 -3.0 -0.1 -0.7

Motor fuel....................................................... 3.261 -10.2 -7.4 -1.6 -3.3 -10.4

Gasoline (all types)......................................... 3.186 -10.2 -7.4 -1.6 -3.4 -10.5

Gasoline, unleaded regular3

............................ -11.0 -7.8 -1.5 -3.7 -10.9

Gasoline, unleaded midgrade3, 7

....................... -6.9 -5.7 -1.0 -3.6 -8.2

Gasoline, unleaded premium3

.......................... -5.6 -5.3 -1.3 -2.9 -7.2

Other motor fuels2

.......................................... 0.075 -8.1 -5.4 0.4 -2.0 -6.3

Energy services................................................... 3.095 -0.5 -0.6 0.6 -0.3 -0.5

Electricity........................................................ 2.417 0.2 -0.4 0.4 -0.1 -0.2

Utility (piped) gas service..................................... 0.678 -2.9 -1.4 1.0 -0.9 -1.4

All items less food and energy.................................... 79.695 2.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.1

Commodities less food and energy commodities............ 20.240 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.3

Household furnishings and supplies8

....................... 3.737 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.3

Window and floor coverings and other linens1, 2........ 0.293 0.7 -0.7 4.4 1.2 -0.7

Floor coverings1, 2........................................ 0.064 -1.2 -0.4 0.8 0.2 -0.4

Window coverings1, 2..................................... 0.061 7.1 1.4 2.2 1.4 1.4

Other linens1, 2............................................ 0.169 -0.3 -1.6 6.6 1.5 -1.6

Furniture and bedding1

..................................... 0.940 -0.5 -1.1 0.2 0.9 -1.1

Bedroom furniture1....................................... 0.333 -0.8 -2.0 0.6 -0.8 -2.0

Living room, kitchen, and dining room furniture1, 2. .. 0.454 1.0 -0.6 -0.5 1.9 -0.6

Other furniture1, 2......................................... 0.144 -5.2 -0.9 1.7 1.6 -0.9

Infants’ furniture1, 3, 5

.................................. -6.6 1.0 0.0 -6.6

Appliances2.................................................. 0.211 -0.3 0.0 -0.8 0.0 0.4

Major appliances2........................................ 0.071 -1.9 0.2 -0.4 4.3 0.2

Laundry equipment3

................................... -1.4 5.4 -1.6 0.6 4.1

Other appliances2

........................................ 0.138 0.9 -0.1 -1.2 -1.8 0.2

Other household equipment and furnishings2

........... 0.535 -2.9 0.0 -0.4 -1.8 0.0

Clocks, lamps, and decorator items1

.................. 0.310 -4.8 -0.6 0.3 -0.6 -0.6

Indoor plants and flowers9

.............................. 0.090 -0.2 2.0 -1.6 -1.6 2.1

Dishes and flatware1, 2................................... 0.055 9.5 1.0 5.1 -1.5 1.0

Nonelectric cookware and tableware2

................. 0.080 -6.5 -0.4 1.1 -2.0 -1.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2020 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2019-

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

Dec.

2019-

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020-

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment and supplies2. . .. 0.874 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1

Tools, hardware and supplies1, 2....................... 0.241 -0.4 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.6

Outdoor equipment and supplies2...................... 0.447 0.8 0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Housekeeping supplies1.................................... 0.882 -0.1 0.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.4

Household cleaning products1, 2........................ 0.347 0.2 1.1 -0.1 -0.7 1.1

Household paper products1, 2........................... 0.218 1.2 0.1 -0.8 0.3 0.1

Miscellaneous household products1, 2................. 0.318 -1.6 -0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.3

Apparel.......................................................... 2.916 -1.6 -0.5 0.7 0.4 -2.0

Men’s and boys’ apparel................................... 0.740 -0.8 -0.8 0.6 -0.3 0.2

Men’s apparel............................................. 0.601 0.1 -1.3 2.3 -0.7 0.0

Men’s suits, sport coats, and outerwear............ 0.113 -4.1 -1.5 1.5 1.0 -0.8

Men’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories1......................................... 0.166 3.9 -0.7 4.2 3.4 -0.7

Men’s shirts and sweaters2

........................... 0.169 -3.9 -0.5 -1.0 -1.9 1.0

Men’s pants and shorts............................... 0.146 4.2 -2.7 6.2 -2.5 0.5

Boys’ apparel............................................. 0.139 -5.2 1.3 -5.8 -0.1 3.2

Women’s and girls’ apparel................................ 1.203 -2.6 0.5 0.2 1.4 -3.0

Women’s apparel......................................... 1.000 -3.5 0.6 -0.1 1.2 -3.1

Women’s outerwear................................... 0.067 -8.0 0.0 -5.5 4.2 -1.1

Women’s dresses...................................... 0.110 -10.0 1.1 -2.3 0.9 -5.7

Women’s suits and separates2

....................... 0.513 -4.3 1.3 -0.7 -0.7 -2.5

Women’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories2......................................... 0.300 1.9 -0.5 3.5 2.4 -2.5

Girls’ apparel.............................................. 0.203 3.3 0.1 1.8 2.6 -2.4

Footwear..................................................... 0.678 -0.2 -1.2 1.3 0.1 -2.8

Men’s footwear1

.......................................... 0.235 -1.3 -2.2 1.3 0.5 -2.2

Boys’ and girls’ footwear................................ 0.143 -0.4 -1.2 1.3 2.9 -3.6

Women’s footwear........................................ 0.300 0.8 -0.5 1.7 -0.7 -1.9

Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel.............................. 0.133 -8.0 -3.6 1.2 -0.9 -4.3

Jewelry and watches6

...................................... 0.162 2.0 -1.1 2.0 -1.2 0.1

Watches1, 6................................................ 0.039 2.9 1.2 2.4 0.5 1.2

Jewelry6.................................................... 0.123 1.1 -1.8 2.7 -3.0 -0.8

Transportation commodities less motor fuel8.............. 6.903 -0.1 0.6 -0.4 0.2 0.1

New vehicles................................................. 3.750 -0.4 -0.5 0.0 0.1 -0.4

New cars and trucks2, 3

.................................. -0.4 -0.5 0.0 0.1 -0.4

New cars3............................................... 0.0 -0.5 0.2 0.4 -0.5

New trucks3, 10......................................... -0.6 -0.4 -0.1 0.2 -0.6

Used cars and trucks....................................... 2.522 0.1 2.4 -1.2 0.4 0.8

Motor vehicle parts and equipment1

...................... 0.396 1.6 -0.2 0.4 0.1 -0.2

Tires1

....................................................... 0.251 0.4 -0.2 -0.2 0.2 -0.2

Vehicle accessories other than tires1, 2................ 0.146 3.5 -0.2 1.4 -0.2 -0.2

Vehicle parts and equipment other than tires1, 3... 4.1 0.1 1.8 -0.3 0.1

Motor oil, coolant, and fluids1, 3...................... -1.2 -3.7 -3.0 3.4 -3.7

Medical care commodities.................................... 1.620 1.3 -0.1 -0.6 -0.6 0.0

Medicinal drugs8............................................ 1.547 1.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.8 0.1

Prescription drugs........................................ 1.171 1.5 -0.3 -0.4 -0.8 -0.2

Nonprescription drugs1, 8................................ 0.376 0.6 0.8 -1.3 -0.3 0.8

Medical equipment and supplies1, 8...................... 0.072 1.3 -0.2 -0.8 -0.3 -0.2

Recreation commodities8

..................................... 2.038 -1.1 -0.8 0.1 -0.1 -0.8

Video and audio products8

................................. 0.273 -7.9 0.3 -0.9 -0.3 0.3

Televisions................................................ 0.096 -16.8 -0.6 -1.7 -1.6 -0.2

Other video equipment2

................................. 0.042 -2.2 0.2 -1.4 0.4 -0.7

Audio equipment1

........................................ 0.079 0.1 1.3 0.2 1.1 1.3

Recorded music and music subscriptions1, 2......... 0.045 -4.2 0.8 -0.7 -0.6 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2020 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2019-

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

Dec.

2019-

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020-

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

Pets and pet products1..................................... 0.651 1.6 -0.6 -0.1 0.5 -0.6

Pet food1, 2, 3

.............................................. 1.8 -0.3 -0.3 0.7 -0.3

Purchase of pets, pet supplies, accessories1, 2, 3. . .. 1.3 -1.0 0.2 0.3 -1.0

Sporting goods.............................................. 0.594 -0.3 -1.5 0.6 -0.4 -2.0

Sports vehicles including bicycles1..................... 0.357 -0.5 -2.1 0.6 -1.1 -2.1

Sports equipment......................................... 0.227 -0.1 -0.5 0.0 1.4 -0.9

Photographic equipment and supplies................... 0.027 9.8 0.8 2.4 4.9 0.0

Film and photographic supplies1, 2, 3

...................

Photographic equipment2, 3............................. 9.1 0.6 2.6 5.2 -0.1

Recreational reading materials1........................... 0.118 5.8 -0.2 1.4 0.3 -0.2

Newspapers and magazines1, 2........................ 0.066 8.5 0.7 2.4 -1.6 0.7

Recreational books1, 2................................... 0.050 1.4 -1.4 -0.1 3.0 -1.4

Other recreational goods2

.................................. 0.375 -6.1 -1.2 -0.2 -0.9 -0.7

Toys........................................................ 0.290 -7.3 -1.1 -0.3 -1.6 -0.4

Toys, games, hobbies and playground

equipment2

, 3

......................................... -8.0 -0.6 -0.4 -2.4 -0.4

Sewing machines, fabric and supplies1, 2............. 0.022 -11.2 -7.1 0.4 2.7 -7.1

Music instruments and accessories1, 2................ 0.047 5.1 1.1 0.4 1.0 1.1

Education and communication commodities8

.............. 0.516 -4.7 0.4 -1.2 0.6 0.4

Educational books and supplies.......................... 0.107 -2.7 0.1 -1.7 0.1 0.2

College textbooks1, 3, 11

.................................. -2.9 0.1 -2.7 0.9 0.1

Information technology commodities8.................... 0.409 -5.5 0.5 -1.1 0.7 0.4

Computers, peripherals, and smart home

assistants4

.............................................. 0.298 -3.0 1.2 -1.1 1.5 0.8

Computer software and accessories1, 2............... 0.019 -10.9 -1.2 -1.2 0.5 -1.2

Telephone hardware, calculators, and other

consumer information items2......................... 0.091 -13.5 -1.4 -1.4 -1.9 -0.4

Alcoholic beverages........................................... 1.026 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5

Alcoholic beverages at home.............................. 0.575 1.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.7

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages at home........ 0.221 3.4 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

Distilled spirits at home.................................. 0.093 -1.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 -0.1

Whiskey at home1, 3

................................... -1.1 -0.9 1.5 1.0 -0.9

Distilled spirits, excluding whiskey, at home1, 3

. . .. -0.3 0.5 1.0 -0.1 0.5

Wine at home............................................. 0.261 0.2 0.6 -0.1 0.2 0.9

Alcoholic beverages away from home1

.................. 0.451 1.6 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages away from

home1

, 2, 3

............................................... 0.0 -0.2 0.5 0.1 -0.2

Wine away from home1, 2, 3

............................. 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Distilled spirits away from home1, 2, 3

.................. 3.5 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.3

Other goods8

................................................... 1.484 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.3

Tobacco and smoking products........................... 0.586 5.4 1.2 0.3 0.6 1.0

Cigarettes2

................................................ 0.509 5.8 1.3 0.4 0.7 1.0

Tobacco products other than cigarettes1, 2........... 0.059 1.3 0.3 -0.5 0.3 0.3

Personal care products1.................................... 0.693 0.5 -0.1 0.1 1.1 -0.1

Hair, dental, shaving, and miscellaneous personal

care products1, 2....................................... 0.372 1.4 -0.3 -0.2 1.2 -0.3

Cosmetics, perfume, bath, nail preparations and

implements1

............................................ 0.313 -0.7 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.2

Miscellaneous personal goods2

........................... 0.205 4.2 -0.3 2.9 -1.2 -0.5

Stationery, stationery supplies, gift wrap3

............. 5.0 -0.5 0.2 -0.2 -0.6

Infants’ equipment1, 3, 5

.................................. 11.6 2.4 16.1 -2.8 2.4

Services less energy services.................................. 59.455 2.8 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0

Shelter........................................................... 33.194 3.0 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.0

Rent of shelter12............................................. 32.825 3.0 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2020 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2019-

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

Dec.

2019-

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020-

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

Rent of primary residence............................... 7.782 3.7 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3

Lodging away from home2

.............................. 1.011 -6.4 -3.1 0.2 2.0 -6.8

Housing at school, excluding board12............... 0.117 2.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other lodging away from home including hotels

and motels........................................... 0.894 -7.5 -3.5 0.1 2.3 -7.7

Owners’ equivalent rent of residences12.............. 24.032 3.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence12. .. 22.826 3.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

Tenants’ and household insurance1, 2................. 0.369 -0.5 -0.6 -0.3 0.3 -0.6

Water and sewer and trash collection services2

........... 1.086 3.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Water and sewerage maintenance....................... 0.795 3.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.4

Garbage and trash collection1, 10......................... 0.291 3.5 0.2 0.9 0.7 0.2

Household operations1, 2...................................... 0.877 4.5 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.1

Domestic services1, 2....................................... 0.290 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

Gardening and lawncare services1, 2

..................... 1.7

Moving, storage, freight expense1, 2...................... 0.088 2.3 -0.4 1.3 0.9 -0.4

Repair of household items1, 2.............................. 0.116 5.7 0.1 0.5 -0.3 0.1

Medical care services......................................... 7.228 5.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5

Professional services....................................... 3.630 1.6 0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.3

Physicians’ services...................................... 1.804 1.4 0.1 -0.4 0.2 0.3

Dental services........................................... 0.988 2.8 0.7 -0.3 -0.1 0.4

Eyeglasses and eye care1, 6............................ 0.366 0.6 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Services by other medical professionals1, 6........... 0.472 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

Hospital and related services.............................. 2.400 4.2 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.4

Hospital services13....................................... 2.208 4.4 0.2 0.8 -0.1 0.4

Inpatient hospital services13, 3........................ 4.0 0.2 0.6 -0.7 0.6

Outpatient hospital services3, 6....................... 3.6 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.2

Nursing homes and adult day services13.............. 0.123 2.5 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3

Care of invalids and elderly at home1, 5............... 0.069 3.1 1.7 0.0 0.7 1.7

Health insurance1, 5......................................... 1.199 20.6 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.3

Transportation services....................................... 5.418 -0.7 -1.8 0.3 0.3 -1.9

Leased cars and trucks1, 11................................ 0.642 -3.6 -0.6 -0.2 0.3 -0.6

Car and truck rental2....................................... 0.120 3.6 -2.8 1.2 -2.2 -6.9

Motor vehicle maintenance and repair1

.................. 1.079 3.4 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.6

Motor vehicle body work1............................... 0.057 3.8 0.0 -0.2 0.2 0.0

Motor vehicle maintenance and servicing1............ 0.625 3.5 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.8

Motor vehicle repair1, 2................................... 0.338 3.2 0.4 0.5 1.6 0.4

Motor vehicle insurance.................................... 1.700 1.1 0.5 -0.2 0.5 0.6

Motor vehicle fees1, 2....................................... 0.572 2.7 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

State motor vehicle registration and license

fees1, 2................................................... 0.297 2.8 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1

Parking and other fees1, 2............................... 0.260 2.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Parking fees and tolls2, 3.............................. 2.5 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.3

Automobile service clubs1, 2, 3........................ 1.2 0.2 0.1 1.2

Public transportation........................................ 1.305 -7.2 -8.2 0.2 0.2 -8.5

Airline fares................................................ 0.820 -10.6 -12.5 0.7 -0.3 -12.6

Other intercity transportation............................ 0.177 -6.1 -2.7 0.3 -0.2 -4.0

Intercity bus fare1, 3, 4

................................. -5.2 -2.1 -16.3 -0.6 -2.1

Intercity train fare1, 3, 4

................................

Ship fare1, 2, 3

.......................................... -7.7 -1.4 0.2 -0.8 -1.4

Intracity transportation1

.................................. 0.304 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Intracity mass transit1, 3, 8

............................. 1.8 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0

Recreation services8

.......................................... 3.769 2.4 0.7 0.3 -0.5 0.6

Video and audio services8

................................. 1.243 2.6 0.4 0.4 -0.6 0.1

Cable and satellite television service10................ 1.162 3.4 0.4 0.7 -0.6 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2020 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2019-

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

Dec.

2019-

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020-

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

Video discs and other media, including rental of

video1

, 2.................................................. 0.081 -9.6 0.5 -2.4 -0.6 0.5

Video discs and other media1, 2, 3

................... -16.0 0.9 -4.1 -1.1 0.9

Rental of video discs and other media1, 2, 3

........ 2.7 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.8

Pet services including veterinary2......................... 0.548 3.1 0.3 0.3 -0.4 0.3

Pet services1, 2, 3......................................... 3.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.1

Veterinarian services2, 3................................. 3.3 0.4 0.2 -0.7 0.4

Photographers and photo processing1, 2................. 0.045 0.5 0.2 0.2 2.9 0.2

Photographer fees1, 2, 3

.................................. 2.9 0.0 -0.3 2.4 0.0

Photo processing1, 2, 3

................................... -3.1 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5

Other recreation services2

................................. 1.932 2.2 1.0 0.2 -0.4 1.1

Club membership for shopping clubs, fraternal, or

other organizations, or participant sports fees1, 2.. 0.698 2.8 0.8 0.5 -0.3 0.8

Admissions................................................ 0.700 2.4 1.3 -0.1 -0.8 1.7

Admission to movies, theaters, and

concerts1, 2, 3

......................................... 3.1 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.5

Admission to sporting events1, 2, 3................... 2.7 2.2 0.4 -4.0 2.2

Fees for lessons or instructions1, 6..................... 0.212 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0

Education and communication services8

................... 6.230 2.1 -0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1

Tuition, other school fees, and childcare................. 2.912 2.3 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.3

College tuition and fees................................. 1.569 1.7 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.2

Elementary and high school tuition and fees......... 0.424 2.7 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4

Day care and preschool9

................................ 0.764 3.5 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.2

Technical and business school tuition and fees2

..... 0.036 2.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2

Postage and delivery services2

........................... 0.112 4.1 -0.1 0.6 0.6 0.2

Postage.................................................... 0.102 4.3 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.2

Delivery services2........................................ 0.010 1.3 -0.6 -1.4 0.1 -0.4

Telephone services1, 2...................................... 2.293 1.8 0.0 0.3 -0.1 0.0

Wireless telephone services1, 2......................... 1.891 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0

Land-line telephone services1, 8........................ 0.402 7.9 0.1 1.6 0.3 0.1

Internet services and electronic information

providers2

.................................................. 0.901 2.1 -0.6 0.7 0.0 -0.3

Other personal services1, 8................................... 1.654 2.8 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.2

Personal care services1

.................................... 0.669 3.3 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.1

Haircuts and other personal care services1, 2. . . . . . .. 0.669 3.3 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.1

Miscellaneous personal services.......................... 0.986 2.4 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.1

Legal services1, 6......................................... 0.251 0.6 0.0 0.7 0.6 0.0

Funeral expenses1, 6..................................... 0.140 1.6 0.0 0.3 -0.4 0.0

Laundry and dry cleaning services1, 2................. 0.219 3.3 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.1

Apparel services other than laundry and dry

cleaning1

, 2.............................................. 0.030 5.4 1.6 0.2 0.8 1.6

Financial services6

....................................... 0.233 4.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.0

Checking account and other bank services1, 2, 3

... 2.2 1.2 0.0 0.8 1.2

Tax return preparation and other accounting

fees1

, 2, 3

.............................................. 7.4 0.5 2.0 0.1 0.5

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2

Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.

3 Special index based on a substantially smaller sample.

4

Indexes on a December 2007=100 base.

5

Indexes on a December 2005=100 base.

6

Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.

7

Indexes on a December 1993=100 base.

8

Indexes on a December 2009=100 base.

9

Indexes on a December 1990=100 base.

10 Indexes on a December 1983=100 base.
11 Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.

12 Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.

13 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.
Table 3. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, special aggregate indexes,

March 2020

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Special aggregate indexes

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Unadjusted indexes Unadjusted percent

change

Seasonally adjusted percent

change

Mar.

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2019-

Mar.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

Dec.

2019-

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020-

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020-

Mar.

2020

All items less food................................... 86.212 253.643 258.165 257.382 1.5 -0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.5

All items less shelter................................ 66.806 233.290 236.084 235.184 0.8 -0.4 0.0 0.0 -0.7

All items less food and shelter..................... 53.018 226.909 229.390 228.099 0.5 -0.6 0.0 -0.1 -0.9

All items less food, shelter, and energy.......... 46.501 232.222 235.659 235.539 1.4 -0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.2

All items less food, shelter, energy, and used

cars and trucks.................................... 43.979 237.836 241.844 241.387 1.5 -0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.3

All items less medical care......................... 91.152 242.776 246.445 245.778 1.2 -0.3 0.1 0.1 -0.5

All items less energy................................ 93.483 260.505 265.734 265.896 2.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Commodities......................................... 37.450 184.993 185.331 184.364 -0.3 -0.5 -0.2 -0.1 -1.0

Commodities less food, energy, and used

cars and trucks................................. 17.718 146.120 146.126 145.767 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.5

Commodities less food........................... 23.662 152.742 151.792 150.257 -1.6 -1.0 -0.4 -0.4 -1.9

Commodities less food and beverages........ 22.636 149.344 148.304 146.714 -1.8 -1.1 -0.4 -0.4 -2.0

Services.............................................. 62.550 322.456 331.139 331.021 2.7 0.0 0.4 0.2 -0.1

Services less rent of shelter1

.................... 29.724 340.396 348.701 347.979 2.2 -0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.2

Services less medical care services........... 55.322 306.807 314.141 313.845 2.3 -0.1 0.3 0.2 -0.1

Durables.............................................. 10.683 105.379 104.421 104.703 -0.6 0.3 -0.4 0.2 -0.1

Nondurables.......................................... 26.767 225.714 227.015 225.113 -0.3 -0.8 -0.2 -0.1 -1.3

Nondurables less food........................... 12.979 198.584 197.680 193.597 -2.5 -2.1 -0.5 -0.6 -3.0

Nondurables less food and beverages. . . . . . .. 11.953 195.255 194.122 189.714 -2.8 -2.3 -0.6 -0.6 -3.3

Nondurables less food, beverages, and

apparel.......................................... 9.037 242.842 241.692 234.822 -3.3 -2.8 -1.0 -0.9 -3.7

Nondurables less food and apparel............ 10.063 242.500 241.755 235.665 -2.8 -2.5 -0.9 -0.7 -3.3

Housing............................................... 42.149 263.886 270.281 270.273 2.4 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0

Education and communication2

.................... 6.746 137.082 139.256 139.199 1.5 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1

Education2

......................................... 3.019 263.905 269.360 269.450 2.1 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.3

Communication2

.................................. 3.726 72.943 73.793 73.719 1.1 -0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0

Information and information processing2

.... 3.614 68.950 69.693 69.622 1.0 -0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0

Information technology, hardware and

services3...................................... 1.321 7.390 7.375 7.354 -0.5 -0.3 0.1 0.2 -0.1

Recreation2

........................................... 5.807 120.743 122.067 122.265 1.3 0.2 0.3 -0.3 0.1

Video and audio2................................. 1.517 105.119 106.034 106.466 1.3 0.4 0.3 -0.6 0.1

Pets, pet products and services2............... 1.199 176.496 180.819 180.452 2.2 -0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.2

Photography2...................................... 0.073 73.161 75.996 76.305 4.3 0.4 0.9 3.6 0.1

Food and beverages................................ 14.814 257.430 261.487 262.320 1.9 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3

Domestically produced farm food............... 6.343 250.216 251.833 252.974 1.1 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.5

Other services....................................... 11.653 357.332 364.767 365.516 2.3 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.3

Apparel less footwear............................... 2.238 118.637 116.710 116.390 -1.9 -0.3 0.5 0.5 -1.8

Fuels and utilities.................................... 4.341 241.550 242.951 241.160 -0.2 -0.7 0.4 -0.3 -0.6

Household energy................................ 3.255 199.429 199.117 196.998 -1.2 -1.1 0.5 -0.6 -0.9

Medical care......................................... 8.848 492.306 513.923 515.605 4.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4

Transportation....................................... 15.582 208.836 207.772 203.854 -2.4 -1.9 -0.6 -0.5 -2.9

Private transportation............................ 14.277 204.680 203.291 200.626 -2.0 -1.3 -0.7 -0.6 -2.4

New and used motor vehicles2

............... 7.268 99.975 99.028 99.527 -0.4 0.5 -0.4 0.2 -0.1

Utilities and public transportation.................. 8.941 216.735 219.886 216.968 0.1 -1.3 0.2 0.2 -1.2

Household furnishings and operations........... 4.613 123.746 124.636 124.469 0.6 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1

Other goods and services.......................... 3.139 448.471 460.144 461.495 2.9 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.3

Personal care..................................... 2.552 232.888 237.978 238.175 2.3 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.1

1

Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.

2

Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.

3

Indexes on a December 1988=100 base.
Table 4. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): Selected areas, all items index, March 2020

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Area Pricing

Schedule1

Percent change to Mar. 2020 from: Percent change to Feb. 2020 from:

Mar.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

U.S. city average............................................... M 1.5 0.1 -0.2 2.3 0.7 0.3

Region and area size2

Northeast...................................................... M 1.7 0.1 -0.2 2.4 1.0 0.3

Northeast - Size Class A................................. M 1.9 0.1 -0.1 2.5 1.0 0.3

Northeast - Size Class B/C3

............................. M 1.4 0.0 -0.3 2.2 1.0 0.3

New England4............................................. M 1.5 0.0 -0.2 2.5 0.9 0.2

Middle Atlantic4

............................................ M 1.8 0.1 -0.2 2.3 1.0 0.3

Midwest....................................................... M 1.0 -0.2 -0.5 2.1 0.7 0.3

Midwest - Size Class A................................... M 1.3 -0.3 -0.5 2.3 0.7 0.2

Midwest - Size Class B/C3............................... M 0.8 -0.2 -0.5 2.0 0.7 0.4

East North Central4

....................................... M 1.0 -0.4 -0.6 2.0 0.6 0.1

West North Central4....................................... M 1.0 0.3 -0.4 2.3 0.8 0.7

South.......................................................... M 1.1 0.1 -0.1 1.9 0.5 0.2

South - Size Class A...................................... M 1.1 0.0 -0.2 1.9 0.5 0.2

South - Size Class B/C3

.................................. M 1.0 0.1 -0.1 1.9 0.4 0.1

South Atlantic4

............................................. M 1.3 0.1 -0.2 2.2 0.6 0.2

East South Central4

....................................... M 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.0

West South Central4

...................................... M 0.9 0.0 -0.1 1.6 0.3 0.1

West........................................................... M 2.5 0.2 -0.2 3.1 0.7 0.4

West - Size Class A...................................... M 2.4 0.2 -0.3 3.2 0.9 0.4

West - Size Class B/C3

................................... M 2.5 0.3 0.0 2.9 0.4 0.4

Mountain4

................................................... M 3.2 0.0 -0.1 4.0 0.3 0.2

Pacific4

...................................................... M 2.2 0.3 -0.2 2.8 0.8 0.5

Size classes

Size Class A5

................................................. M 1.7 0.1 -0.2 2.5 0.8 0.3

Size Class B/C3.............................................. M 1.4 0.1 -0.2 2.2 0.6 0.3

Selected local areas

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI........................ M 1.1 -0.7 -0.7 2.0 1.0 0.0

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA.................. M 1.9 -0.4 -0.7 3.4 1.1 0.3

New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA............... M 2.0 0.0 -0.2 2.4 1.0 0.2

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA....................... 2 2.9 0.8

Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD6

......................... 2 1.8 0.5

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI............................... 2 2.6 0.5

Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX................ 2 1.5 0.6

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL........... 2 1.4 0.4

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD....... 2 2.6 1.0

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ7

............................. 2 4.4 0.6

San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA..................... 2 2.9 0.9

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA............................. 2 2.5 1.0

St. Louis, MO-IL.............................................. 2 2.1 0.8

Urban Alaska................................................. 2 -0.3 0.0

Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH....................... 1 1.8 0.1

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX............................ 1 1.0 0.0

Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO............................. 1 2.2 -0.3

Minneapolis-St.Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI................ 1 1.2 -0.3

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA4

................... 1 2.3 0.0

San Diego-Carlsbad, CA.................................... 1 1.8 0.0

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL8

................... 1 2.1 0.2

Urban Hawaii................................................. 1 1.8 0.6

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV6

. . . .. 1 0.4 -0.4

1 Foods, fuels, and several other items are priced every month in all areas. Most other goods and services are priced as indicated: M - Every month.

1 - January, March, May, July, September, and November. 2 - February, April, June, August, October, and December.

2 Regions defined as the four Census regions.
3

Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.

4

Indexes on a December 2017=100 base.

5

Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.

6

1998 - 2017 indexes based on substantially smaller sample.

7

Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.

8

Indexes on a 1987=100 base.

NOTE: Local area indexes are byproducts of the national CPI program. Each local index has a smaller sample size than the national index and is,

therefore, subject to substantially more sampling and other measurement error. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national

index, although their long-term trends are similar. Therefore, the Bureau of Labor Statistics strongly urges users to consider adopting the national

average CPI for use in their escalator clauses.
Table 5. Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) and the Consumer Price Index for

All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, all items index, March 2020

[Percent changes]

Month Year

Unadjusted 1-month percent change Unadjusted 12-month percent change

C-CPI-U1 CPI-U C-CPI-U1 CPI-U

December 2000............................. 2.6 3.4

December 2001............................. 1.3 1.6

December 2002............................. 2.0 2.4

December 2003............................. 1.7 1.9

December 2004............................. 3.2 3.3

December 2005............................. 2.9 3.4

December 2006............................. 2.3 2.5

December 2007............................. 3.7 4.1

December 2008............................. 0.2 0.1

December 2009............................. 2.5 2.7

December 2010............................. 1.3 1.5

December 2011............................. 2.9 3.0

December 2012............................. 1.5 1.7

December 2013............................. 1.3 1.5

December 2014............................. 0.5 0.8

December 2015............................. 0.4 0.7

December 2016............................. 1.8 2.1

December 2017............................. 1.7 2.1

January 2018............................... 0.5 0.5 1.6 2.1

February 2018.............................. 0.4 0.5 1.7 2.2

March 2018.................................. 0.2 0.2 1.9 2.4

April 2018.................................... 0.4 0.4 2.1 2.5

May 2018.................................... 0.3 0.4 2.3 2.8

June 2018................................... 0.1 0.2 2.4 2.9

July 2018.................................... 0.0 0.0 2.6 2.9

August 2018................................. 0.0 0.1 2.3 2.7

September 2018............................ 0.1 0.1 1.9 2.3

October 2018............................... 0.1 0.2 2.1 2.5

November 2018............................. -0.3 -0.3 1.8 2.2

December 2018............................. -0.4 -0.3 1.5 1.9

January 2019............................... 0.2 0.2 1.3 1.6

February 2019.............................. 0.4 0.4 1.3 1.5

March 2019.................................. 0.5 0.6 1.5 1.9

April 2019.................................... 0.5 0.5 1.7 2.0

May 2019.................................... 0.2 0.2 1.5 1.8

June 2019................................... 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.6

July 2019.................................... 0.2 0.2 1.6 1.8

August 2019................................. 0.0 0.0 1.6 1.7

September 2019............................ 0.1 0.1 1.5 1.7

October 2019............................... 0.2 0.2 1.6 1.8

November 2019............................. -0.1 -0.1 1.8 2.1

December 2019............................. -0.1 -0.1 2.1 2.3

January 2020............................... 0.4 0.4 2.3 2.5

February 2020.............................. 0.3 0.3 2.1 2.3

March 2020.................................. -0.3 -0.2 1.3 1.5

1 The C-CPI-U is designed to be a closer approximation to a cost-of-living index in that it, in its final form, accounts for any substitution that

consumers make across item categories in response to changes in relative prices. Since the expenditure data required for the calculation of the

C-CPI-U are available only with a time lag, the C-CPI-U is issued first in preliminary form using the latest available expenditure data at that time and

is subject to four revisions.

Indexes are issued as initial estimates. Indexes are revised each quarter with the publication of January, April, July, and October data as updated

expenditure estimates become available. The C-CPI-U indexes are updated quarterly until they become final. January-March indexes are final in

January of the following year; April-June indexes are final in April of the following year; July-September indexes are final in July of the following year;

October-December indexes are final in October of the following year.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020, 1-month analysis table

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2020-

Mar. 2020

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2020-

Mar. 20201

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

All items................................................................. 100.000 -0.4 0.04 S-Jan.2015 -0.6

Food.................................................................. 13.788 0.3 0.047 0.07 S-Jan.2020 0.2

Food at home..................................................... 7.601 0.5 0.038 0.12 – –

Cereals and bakery products................................. 0.983 0.1 0.001 0.30 S-Jan.2020 -0.4

Cereals and cereal products............................... 0.301 0.7 0.002 0.54 L-Mar.2019 1.4

Flour and prepared flour mixes......................... 0.042 1.0 0.000 0.83 L-Mar.2019 1.1

Breakfast cereal4

......................................... 0.137 1.8 0.002 0.74 L-Oct.2015 2.4

Rice, pasta, cornmeal4................................... 0.123 -0.2 0.000 0.98 S-Dec.2019 -1.8

Rice4, 5, 6

................................................ -0.2 1.14 S-Dec.2019 -2.1

Bakery products4

......................................... 0.682 0.2 0.001 0.36 S-Jan.2020 0.1

Bread4, 5................................................. 0.195 0.3 0.001 0.74 S-Jan.2020 -0.8

White bread4, 6

...................................... 0.8 1.01 – –

Bread other than white4, 6

.......................... 0.5 0.77 S-Jan.2020 -1.0

Fresh biscuits, rolls, muffins5......................... 0.098 -0.5 -0.001 0.96 S-Jan.2020 -1.1

Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies....................... 0.174 1.8 0.003 0.71 L-Jun.2018 2.3

Cookies4, 6

........................................... 1.4 1.07 L-Jun.2018 3.7

Fresh cakes and cupcakes4, 6

..................... 0.8 0.78 L-Jan.2020 1.2

Other bakery products................................ 0.214 -1.0 -0.002 0.52 S-Jan.2020 -1.8

Fresh sweetrolls, coffeecakes, doughnuts4, 6

.... -2.3 0.83 S-Oct.2016 -2.7

Crackers, bread, and cracker products6. . . . . . . .. 0.1 0.94 S-Jan.2020 -3.1

Frozen and refrigerated bakery products, pies,

tarts, turnovers6................................... -1.7 0.75 S-Aug.2014 -1.9

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs................................ 1.675 0.1 0.002 0.23 S-Jan.2020 0.0

Meats, poultry, and fish.................................... 1.576 0.0 0.000 0.24 S-Aug.2019 -0.4

Meats...................................................... 0.989 -0.3 -0.003 0.29 S-Aug.2019 -0.7

Beef and veal.......................................... 0.451 -0.1 -0.001 0.45 – –

Uncooked ground beef4

............................ 0.166 1.4 0.002 0.75 L-Jul.2017 1.8

Uncooked beef roasts4, 5........................... 0.070 0.0 0.000 1.31 S-Jan.2020 -0.7

Uncooked beef steaks5

............................. 0.174 -1.1 -0.002 0.70 S-Jun.2019 -1.5

Uncooked other beef and veal4, 5................. 0.041 -0.7 0.000 0.75 S-Aug.2019 -1.0

Pork...................................................... 0.313 -0.6 -0.002 0.61 S-Aug.2019 -1.8

Bacon, breakfast sausage, and related

products5

.......................................... 0.129 -1.0 -0.001 0.83 S-Aug.2019 -2.7

Bacon and related products6.................... -3.1 0.99 S-Aug.2019 -4.7

Breakfast sausage and related products5, 6... 3.1 1.20 L-Dec.2013 4.6

Ham................................................... 0.065 1.2 0.001 1.81 S-Dec.2019 -1.1

Ham, excluding canned6

........................ 0.2 1.73 S-Dec.2019 -1.1

Pork chops4.......................................... 0.048 -1.3 -0.001 1.57 S-Jan.2020 -1.7

Other pork including roasts, steaks, and ribs5... 0.071 -1.9 -0.001 1.30 S-Aug.2019 -2.4

Other meats............................................ 0.225 -0.2 0.000 0.54 – –

Frankfurters6......................................... 1.6 1.31 L-Jan.2020 4.8

Lunchmeats5, 6

...................................... -0.3 0.59 L-Jan.2020 0.9

Lamb and organ meats4, 6.........................

Lamb and mutton4, 5, 6..............................

Poultry4.................................................. 0.319 1.3 0.004 0.63 L-Dec.2019 1.7

Chicken4, 5........................................... 0.259 1.3 0.003 0.70 L-Dec.2019 1.8

Fresh whole chicken4, 6.......................... 1.2 1.43 L-Dec.2019 3.3

Fresh and frozen chicken parts4, 6............. 1.2 0.77 L-Dec.2019 1.2

Other uncooked poultry including turkey5........ 0.060 1.6 0.001 1.43 S-Jan.2020 0.1

Fish and seafood...................................... 0.267 -0.5 -0.001 0.47 S-Jun.2019 -0.6

Fresh fish and seafood5............................ 0.136 0.1 0.000 0.71 S-Nov.2019 -0.6

Processed fish and seafood5

...................... 0.131 -0.5 -0.001 0.65 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2020-

Mar. 2020

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2020-

Mar. 20201

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Shelf stable fish and seafood4, 6

............... -0.6 0.97 L-Jan.2020 0.7

Frozen fish and seafood6

........................ -2.0 0.84 S-Oct.2016 -2.2

Eggs........................................................ 0.099 2.8 0.003 0.98 L-Sep.2019 6.0

Dairy and related products................................... 0.772 0.6 0.004 0.31 S-Jan.2020 0.2

Milk5

........................................................... 0.209 0.2 0.000 0.48 L-Jan.2020 2.1

Fresh whole milk6........................................ 0.1 0.70 S-Sep.2019 0.0

Fresh milk other than whole5, 6

......................... 0.1 0.52 L-Jan.2020 2.1

Cheese and related products4

............................. 0.261 0.0 0.000 0.55 S-Jan.2020 -0.2

Ice cream and related products........................... 0.108 2.2 0.002 0.86 L-Jan.2013 2.4

Other dairy and related products4, 5...................... 0.194 1.4 0.003 0.56 S-Jan.2020 0.2

Fruits and vegetables......................................... 1.321 0.8 0.010 0.35 L-Mar.2019 1.1

Fresh fruits and vegetables................................ 1.040 0.7 0.007 0.41 L-Mar.2019 1.0

Fresh fruits................................................ 0.530 1.0 0.005 0.56 L-Dec.2018 1.3

Apples................................................... 0.074 -1.9 -0.001 1.21 S-Nov.2019 -2.1

Bananas4

............................................... 0.077 0.3 0.000 0.80 L-Nov.2019 0.8

Citrus fruits5............................................ 0.128 -1.1 -0.002 0.97 L-Jan.2020 -0.2

Oranges, including tangerines6

.................... -0.7 1.35 L-Jan.2020 -0.2

Other fresh fruits5

...................................... 0.251 4.6 0.011 0.97 L-Mar.2017 5.7

Fresh vegetables......................................... 0.510 0.3 0.001 0.59 L-Jan.2020 2.0

Potatoes................................................. 0.080 2.5 0.002 1.57 L-Jul.2019 2.6

Lettuce4

................................................. 0.061 -0.5 0.000 2.16 L-Jan.2020 0.5

Tomatoes............................................... 0.084 4.5 0.004 1.38 L-Jan.2020 5.1

Other fresh vegetables................................ 0.285 -1.8 -0.005 0.74 S-May 2016 -2.7

Processed fruits and vegetables5

...................... 0.280 1.1 0.003 0.49 L-Mar.2019 1.4

Canned fruits and vegetables5....................... 0.146 1.1 0.002 0.69 L-Mar.2019 1.8

Canned fruits5, 6..................................... -0.4 0.88 S-Jan.2020 -1.4

Canned vegetables5, 6

.............................. 1.8 0.98 L-Feb.2019 1.8

Frozen fruits and vegetables5........................ 0.084 0.3 0.000 0.94 L-Jan.2020 1.6

Frozen vegetables6................................. -0.5 1.21 S-Dec.2019 -1.3

Other processed fruits and vegetables including

dried5

................................................. 0.051 1.8 0.001 0.79 L-Aug.2018 1.9

Dried beans, peas, and lentils4, 5, 6............... 1.1 1.47 L-Oct.2019 2.9

Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials. . . . . . . .. 0.914 0.9 0.009 0.38 L-May 2019 0.9

Juices and nonalcoholic drinks5

........................... 0.650 1.1 0.007 0.45 L-Jan.2019 1.4

Carbonated drinks........................................ 0.273 1.3 0.004 0.83 L-Aug.2018 1.4

Frozen noncarbonated juices and drinks4, 5.......... 0.006 0.3 0.000 0.65 L-Dec.2019 1.0

Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices and drinks5

......... 0.372 0.9 0.003 0.54 L-May 2019 0.9

Beverage materials including coffee and tea5

........... 0.264 1.1 0.003 0.63 – –

Coffee...................................................... 0.169 1.0 0.002 0.90 L-Nov.2019 1.6

Roasted coffee6

........................................ 1.3 0.99 L-Nov.2019 1.3

Instant coffee4, 6........................................ -0.6 1.15 S-Jan.2020 -1.3

Other beverage materials including tea4, 5............ 0.094 0.1 0.000 0.74 S-Jan.2020 -0.7

Other food at home............................................ 1.937 0.6 0.011 0.24 S-Jan.2020 0.2

Sugar and sweets4.......................................... 0.265 0.6 0.002 0.64 L-Jan.2020 2.6

Sugar and sugar substitutes............................ 0.036 1.7 0.001 0.84 L-May 2017 1.7

Candy and chewing gum4, 5............................. 0.176 0.6 0.001 0.90 L-Jan.2020 2.4

Other sweets5

............................................. 0.053 0.7 0.000 0.79 L-Oct.2019 0.8

Fats and oils................................................. 0.213 1.1 0.002 0.51 L-Jan.2020 1.2

Butter and margarine5

................................... 0.064 3.1 0.002 0.97 L-Oct.2015 4.1

Butter6

................................................... 2.6 1.57 L-Apr.2018 3.6

Margarine6

.............................................. 2.7 0.92 L-Jul.2011 2.7

Salad dressing5

........................................... 0.051 1.8 0.001 0.93 L-May 2019 1.9

Other fats and oils including peanut butter5

. . . . . . . . .. 0.098 -0.6 -0.001 0.87 S-Dec.2019 -1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2020-

Mar. 2020

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2020-

Mar. 20201

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Peanut butter4, 5, 6

..................................... -0.2 1.28 S-Jan.2020 -3.6

Other foods................................................ 1.459 0.5 0.007 0.25 S-Jan.2020 -0.4

Soups.................................................... 0.087 0.4 0.000 1.06 S-Dec.2019 -0.2

Frozen and freeze dried prepared foods........... 0.252 -0.1 0.000 0.69 S-Dec.2019 -1.1

Snacks4................................................. 0.332 0.5 0.002 0.66 S-Jan.2020 -0.7

Spices, seasonings, condiments, sauces........... 0.290 1.6 0.005 0.51 L-May 2014 1.6

Salt and other seasonings and spices5, 6

........ 2.2 1.05 L-Nov.2014 2.4

Olives, pickles, relishes4, 5, 6

....................... 0.9 0.63 L-Jan.2020 4.0

Sauces and gravies5, 6

............................. 1.7 0.87 S-Jan.2020 -0.9

Other condiments6

.................................. 1.8 1.12 L-Sep.2019 3.2

Baby food4, 5........................................... 0.042 0.2 0.000 0.78 S-Jan.2020 -1.2

Other miscellaneous foods5

.......................... 0.455 0.0 0.000 0.58 S-Jan.2020 -1.0

Prepared salads4, 7, 6

............................... 0.0 0.87 S-Jan.2020 -0.5

Food away from home4

.......................................... 6.187 0.2 0.009 0.05 – –

Full service meals and snacks4, 5........................... 3.124 0.0 -0.001 0.06 S-Oct.2016 0.0

Limited service meals and snacks4, 5....................... 2.666 0.4 0.010 0.10 L-Jan.2020 0.4

Food at employee sites and schools5

....................... 0.145 0.4 0.001 0.11 L-Jul.2019 0.6

Food at elementary and secondary schools4, 8, 6

....... 0.0 0.06 L-Jan.2020 0.0

Food from vending machines and mobile vendors4, 5. . .. 0.080 0.2 0.000 0.25 L-Jan.2020 0.3

Other food away from home4, 5.............................. 0.172 0.1 0.000 0.09 – –

Energy................................................................ 6.517 -5.8 -0.388 0.16 S-Jan.2015 -8.5

Energy commodities............................................. 3.422 -10.4 -0.373 0.20 S-Jan.2015 -15.8

Fuel oil and other fuels........................................ 0.161 -8.9 -0.014 0.43 S-Dec.2008 -9.1

Fuel oil........................................................ 0.098 -13.7 -0.013 0.52 S-Nov.2008 -15.0

Propane, kerosene, and firewood9

........................ 0.062 -0.7 0.000 0.60 S-Jan.2020 -3.0

Motor fuel....................................................... 3.261 -10.4 -0.359 0.21 S-Feb.2016 -10.5

Gasoline (all types)......................................... 3.186 -10.5 -0.355 0.21 S-Feb.2016 -10.5

Gasoline, unleaded regular6

............................ -10.9 0.68 S-Feb.2016 -10.9

Gasoline, unleaded midgrade10, 6

...................... -8.2 0.73 S-Feb.2016 -10.4

Gasoline, unleaded premium6.......................... -7.2 0.76 S-Feb.2016 -9.1

Other motor fuels5.......................................... 0.075 -6.3 -0.005 0.24 S-Feb.2016 -6.6

Energy services................................................... 3.095 -0.5 -0.015 0.19 S-May 2019 -0.5

Electricity........................................................ 2.417 -0.2 -0.006 0.20 S-Dec.2019 -0.2

Utility (piped) gas service..................................... 0.678 -1.4 -0.010 0.31 S-Feb.2019 -2.2

All items less food and energy.................................... 79.695 -0.1 -0.082 0.04 S-Jan.2010 -0.1

Commodities less food and energy commodities............ 20.240 -0.3 -0.067 0.11 S-Oct.2019 -0.4

Household furnishings and supplies11...................... 3.737 -0.3 -0.010 0.22 S-Oct.2019 -0.3

Window and floor coverings and other linens4, 5........ 0.293 -0.7 -0.002 1.10 S-Nov.2019 -2.4

Floor coverings4, 5........................................ 0.064 -0.4 0.000 0.91 S-Nov.2019 -0.7

Window coverings4, 5..................................... 0.061 1.4 0.001 1.47 – –

Other linens4, 5............................................ 0.169 -1.6 -0.003 1.72 S-Nov.2019 -3.9

Furniture and bedding4..................................... 0.940 -1.1 -0.011 0.49 S-Aug.2019 -1.7

Bedroom furniture4....................................... 0.333 -2.0 -0.007 0.62 S-Sep.2013 -2.0

Living room, kitchen, and dining room furniture4, 5. .. 0.454 -0.6 -0.003 0.86 S-Dec.2019 -1.0

Other furniture4, 5......................................... 0.144 -0.9 -0.001 0.99 S-Nov.2019 -1.5

Infants’ furniture4, 8, 6

.................................. -6.6 0.37 S-EVER –

Appliances5.................................................. 0.211 0.4 0.001 0.58 L-Nov.2019 0.9

Major appliances5........................................ 0.071 0.2 0.000 0.98 S-Jan.2020 -0.4

Laundry equipment6

................................... 4.1 1.42 L-May 2018 4.5

Other appliances5........................................ 0.138 0.2 0.000 0.70 L-Dec.2019 0.8

Other household equipment and furnishings5

........... 0.535 0.0 0.000 0.59 L-Aug.2019 0.3

Clocks, lamps, and decorator items4

.................. 0.310 -0.6 -0.002 0.93 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2020-

Mar. 2020

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2020-

Mar. 20201

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Indoor plants and flowers12............................. 0.090 2.1 0.002 0.64 L-Feb.2001 2.4

Dishes and flatware4, 5................................... 0.055 1.0 0.001 1.39 L-Jan.2020 5.1

Nonelectric cookware and tableware5

................. 0.080 -1.6 -0.001 0.96 L-Jan.2020 1.1

Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment and supplies5. . .. 0.874 0.1 0.001 0.43 L-Dec.2019 0.3

Tools, hardware and supplies4, 5....................... 0.241 0.6 0.002 0.60 – –

Outdoor equipment and supplies5...................... 0.447 -0.1 0.000 0.52 S-Jan.2020 -0.2

Housekeeping supplies4

.................................... 0.882 0.4 0.003 0.31 L-Mar.2019 0.7

Household cleaning products4, 5........................ 0.347 1.1 0.004 0.34 L-Sep.2011 1.1

Household paper products4, 5........................... 0.218 0.1 0.000 0.59 S-Jan.2020 -0.8

Miscellaneous household products4, 5................. 0.318 -0.3 -0.001 0.66 S-Dec.2019 -0.5

Apparel.......................................................... 2.916 -2.0 -0.059 0.52 S-EVER –

Men’s and boys’ apparel................................... 0.740 0.2 0.001 0.66 L-Jan.2020 0.6

Men’s apparel............................................. 0.601 0.0 0.000 0.74 L-Jan.2020 2.3

Men’s suits, sport coats, and outerwear............ 0.113 -0.8 -0.001 2.12 S-Dec.2019 -5.1

Men’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories4

......................................... 0.166 -0.7 -0.001 1.11 S-Dec.2019 -2.6

Men’s shirts and sweaters5

........................... 0.169 1.0 0.002 1.15 L-Dec.2019 1.2

Men’s pants and shorts............................... 0.146 0.5 0.001 1.22 L-Jan.2020 6.2

Boys’ apparel............................................. 0.139 3.2 0.004 1.46 L-Sep.2018 3.4

Women’s and girls’ apparel................................ 1.203 -3.0 -0.036 0.93 S-EVER –

Women’s apparel......................................... 1.000 -3.1 -0.031 1.09 S-EVER –

Women’s outerwear................................... 0.067 -1.1 -0.001 1.87 S-Jan.2020 -5.5

Women’s dresses...................................... 0.110 -5.7 -0.006 1.58 S-Mar.2009 -6.2

Women’s suits and separates5....................... 0.513 -2.5 -0.013 1.54 S-Oct.2019 -4.7

Women’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories5......................................... 0.300 -2.5 -0.008 1.38 S-Nov.2017 -2.5

Girls’ apparel.............................................. 0.203 -2.4 -0.005 1.95 S-Oct.2019 -3.1

Footwear..................................................... 0.678 -2.8 -0.019 0.71 S-EVER –

Men’s footwear4.......................................... 0.235 -2.2 -0.005 0.99 S-Dec.2017 -3.6

Boys’ and girls’ footwear................................ 0.143 -3.6 -0.005 1.31 S-Jul.2002 -4.5

Women’s footwear........................................ 0.300 -1.9 -0.006 0.91 S-Apr.2018 -2.1

Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel.............................. 0.133 -4.3 -0.006 1.21 S-EVER –

Jewelry and watches9

...................................... 0.162 0.1 0.000 2.07 L-Jan.2020 2.0

Watches4, 9................................................ 0.039 1.2 0.000 1.91 L-Jan.2020 2.4

Jewelry9

.................................................... 0.123 -0.8 -0.001 2.46 L-Jan.2020 2.7

Transportation commodities less motor fuel11............. 6.903 0.1 0.006 0.11 S-Jan.2020 -0.4

New vehicles................................................. 3.750 -0.4 -0.015 0.19 S-Apr.2018 -0.4

New cars and trucks5, 6

.................................. -0.4 0.17 S-Apr.2018 -0.4

New cars6............................................... -0.5 0.17 S-Jul.2017 -0.8

New trucks13, 6

......................................... -0.6 0.20 S-Aug.2009 -0.8

Used cars and trucks....................................... 2.522 0.8 0.021 0.02 L-Jun.2019 1.3

Motor vehicle parts and equipment4

...................... 0.396 -0.2 -0.001 0.36 S-Oct.2019 -0.2

Tires4....................................................... 0.251 -0.2 0.000 0.35 S-Jan.2020 -0.2

Vehicle accessories other than tires4, 5................ 0.146 -0.2 0.000 0.62 – –

Vehicle parts and equipment other than tires4, 6... 0.1 0.47 L-Jan.2020 1.8

Motor oil, coolant, and fluids4, 6...................... -3.7 1.56 S-Apr.2019 -5.2

Medical care commodities.................................... 1.620 0.0 0.000 0.30 L-Dec.2019 1.0

Medicinal drugs11........................................... 1.547 0.1 0.001 0.31 L-Dec.2019 1.3

Prescription drugs........................................ 1.171 -0.2 -0.002 0.32 L-Dec.2019 1.5

Nonprescription drugs4, 11............................... 0.376 0.8 0.003 0.53 L-Aug.2019 1.6

Medical equipment and supplies4, 11..................... 0.072 -0.2 0.000 0.59 L-Nov.2019 1.0

Recreation commodities11.................................... 2.038 -0.8 -0.017 0.22 S-Feb.2019 -0.8

Video and audio products11................................ 0.273 0.3 0.001 0.38 L-Apr.2019 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2020-

Mar. 2020

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2020-

Mar. 20201

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Televisions................................................ 0.096 -0.2 0.000 0.68 L-Jun.2017 1.8

Other video equipment5................................. 0.042 -0.7 0.000 0.88 S-Jan.2020 -1.4

Audio equipment4

........................................ 0.079 1.3 0.001 0.84 L-Apr.2019 4.2

Recorded music and music subscriptions4, 5......... 0.045 0.8 0.000 0.67 L-Oct.2019 0.8

Pets and pet products4..................................... 0.651 -0.6 -0.004 0.24 S-Nov.2017 -0.7

Pet food4, 5, 6.............................................. -0.3 0.26 S-Jan.2020 -0.3

Purchase of pets, pet supplies, accessories4, 5, 6

. . .. -1.0 0.45 S-Nov.2015 -1.7

Sporting goods.............................................. 0.594 -2.0 -0.012 0.56 S-Nov.1982 -2.0

Sports vehicles including bicycles4..................... 0.357 -2.1 -0.008 0.79 S-May 2019 -2.3

Sports equipment......................................... 0.227 -0.9 -0.002 0.53 S-Jul.2019 -1.4

Photographic equipment and supplies................... 0.027 0.0 0.000 0.88 S-Dec.2019 -1.1

Film and photographic supplies4, 5, 6

...................

Photographic equipment5, 6

............................. -0.1 1.01 S-Dec.2019 -1.8

Recreational reading materials4

........................... 0.118 -0.2 0.000 1.00 S-Dec.2019 -1.1

Newspapers and magazines4, 5........................ 0.066 0.7 0.000 1.26 L-Jan.2020 2.4

Recreational books4, 5................................... 0.050 -1.4 -0.001 1.25 S-Jun.2019 -1.6

Other recreational goods5

.................................. 0.375 -0.7 -0.002 0.48 L-Jan.2020 -0.2

Toys........................................................ 0.290 -0.4 -0.001 0.50 L-Jan.2020 -0.3

Toys, games, hobbies and playground

equipment5

, 6

......................................... -0.4 0.68 L-Jan.2020 -0.4

Sewing machines, fabric and supplies4, 5............. 0.022 -7.1 -0.002 1.24 S-EVER –

Music instruments and accessories4, 5................ 0.047 1.1 0.001 0.64 L-Nov.2019 2.0

Education and communication commodities11............. 0.516 0.4 0.002 0.46 S-Jan.2020 -1.2

Educational books and supplies.......................... 0.107 0.2 0.000 0.76 L-Nov.2019 0.2

College textbooks4, 14, 6.................................. 0.1 0.84 S-Jan.2020 -2.7

Information technology commodities11................... 0.409 0.4 0.002 0.53 S-Jan.2020 -1.1

Computers, peripherals, and smart home

assistants7

.............................................. 0.298 0.8 0.002 0.68 S-Jan.2020 -1.1

Computer software and accessories4, 5............... 0.019 -1.2 0.000 1.50 S-Jan.2020 -1.2

Telephone hardware, calculators, and other

consumer information items5

......................... 0.091 -0.4 0.000 0.81 L-Jul.2018 1.2

Alcoholic beverages........................................... 1.026 0.5 0.005 0.18 L-Nov.2014 0.7

Alcoholic beverages at home.............................. 0.575 0.7 0.004 0.27 L-May 2019 0.7

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages at home........ 0.221 0.8 0.002 0.34 – –

Distilled spirits at home.................................. 0.093 -0.1 0.000 0.44 S-Nov.2019 -0.2

Whiskey at home4, 6

................................... -0.9 0.90 S-Oct.2019 -1.8

Distilled spirits, excluding whiskey, at home4, 6

. . .. 0.5 0.62 L-Jan.2020 1.0

Wine at home............................................. 0.261 0.9 0.002 0.47 L-May 2019 0.9

Alcoholic beverages away from home4.................. 0.451 0.0 0.000 0.22 S-Nov.2019 0.0

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages away from

home4

, 5, 6

............................................... -0.2 0.25 S-Oct.2019 -0.2

Wine away from home4, 5, 6

............................. 0.1 0.17 – –

Distilled spirits away from home4, 5, 6

.................. 0.3 0.25 S-Jan.2020 0.2

Other goods11.................................................. 1.484 0.3 0.004 0.21 S-Dec.2019 -0.4

Tobacco and smoking products........................... 0.586 1.0 0.006 0.13 L-Mar.2019 1.2

Cigarettes5................................................ 0.509 1.0 0.005 0.13 L-Mar.2019 1.3

Tobacco products other than cigarettes4, 5........... 0.059 0.3 0.000 0.39 – –

Personal care products4.................................... 0.693 -0.1 -0.001 0.28 S-Dec.2019 -1.1

Hair, dental, shaving, and miscellaneous personal

care products4, 5....................................... 0.372 -0.3 -0.001 0.37 S-Dec.2019 -0.6

Cosmetics, perfume, bath, nail preparations and

implements4............................................ 0.313 0.2 0.000 0.44 S-Dec.2019 -1.9

Miscellaneous personal goods5

........................... 0.205 -0.5 -0.001 1.05 L-Jan.2020 2.9

Stationery, stationery supplies, gift wrap6

............. -0.6 1.05 S-May 2019 -0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2020-

Mar. 2020

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2020-

Mar. 20201

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Infants’ equipment4, 8, 6

.................................. 2.4 1.19 L-Jan.2020 16.1

Services less energy services.................................. 59.455 0.0 -0.019 0.04 S-Mar.2017 0.0

Shelter........................................................... 33.194 0.0 0.013 0.05 S-Oct.2010 0.0

Rent of shelter15............................................. 32.825 0.1 0.030 0.06 S-Oct.2019 0.1

Rent of primary residence............................... 7.782 0.3 0.023 0.04 – –

Lodging away from home5.............................. 1.011 -6.8 -0.070 1.55 S-EVER –

Housing at school, excluding board15............... 0.117 0.2 0.000 0.04 – –

Other lodging away from home including hotels

and motels........................................... 0.894 -7.7 -0.070 1.76 S-EVER –

Owners’ equivalent rent of residences15.............. 24.032 0.3 0.063 0.04 L-Jan.2020 0.3

Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence15. .. 22.826 0.3 0.059 0.04 L-Jan.2020 0.3

Tenants’ and household insurance4, 5................. 0.369 -0.6 -0.002 0.07 S-Apr.2013 -1.0

Water and sewer and trash collection services5........ 1.086 0.3 0.003 0.08 – –

Water and sewerage maintenance..................... 0.795 0.4 0.003 0.09 L-Oct.2019 0.4

Garbage and trash collection4, 13....................... 0.291 0.2 0.001 0.15 S-Dec.2019 0.0

Household operations4, 5................................... 0.877 0.1 0.001 0.21 S-Jan.2020 0.1

Domestic services4, 5..................................... 0.290 0.0 0.000 0.29 – –

Gardening and lawncare services4, 5

..................

Moving, storage, freight expense4, 5................... 0.088 -0.4 0.000 0.60 S-Nov.2019 -2.4

Repair of household items4, 5........................... 0.116 0.1 0.000 0.22 L-Jan.2020 0.5

Medical care services...................................... 7.228 0.5 0.037 0.17 L-Oct.2019 0.8

Professional services.................................... 3.630 0.3 0.012 0.13 L-Jun.2019 0.3

Physicians’ services................................... 1.804 0.3 0.006 0.17 L-Sep.2019 0.3

Dental services......................................... 0.988 0.4 0.004 0.10 L-Jun.2019 1.0

Eyeglasses and eye care4, 9......................... 0.366 0.0 0.000 0.24 – –

Services by other medical professionals4, 9........ 0.472 0.0 0.000 0.14 – –

Hospital and related services........................... 2.400 0.4 0.009 0.21 L-Jan.2020 0.7

Hospital services16..................................... 2.208 0.4 0.009 0.24 L-Jan.2020 0.8

Inpatient hospital services16, 6

..................... 0.6 0.32 L-Jan.2020 0.6

Outpatient hospital services9, 6.................... 0.2 0.25 L-Jan.2020 1.0

Nursing homes and adult day services16........... 0.123 0.3 0.000 0.13 L-Dec.2019 0.3

Care of invalids and elderly at home4, 8............ 0.069 1.7 0.001 0.11 L-Dec.2007 3.0

Health insurance4, 8...................................... 1.199 1.3 0.015 0.20 S-Jun.2019 1.3

Transportation services..................................... 5.418 -1.9 -0.105 0.11 S-EVER –

Leased cars and trucks4, 14............................. 0.642 -0.6 -0.004 0.37 S-Dec.2019 -0.7

Car and truck rental5..................................... 0.120 -6.9 -0.009 1.64 S-EVER –

Motor vehicle maintenance and repair4

............... 1.079 0.6 0.007 0.19 S-Jan.2020 0.2

Motor vehicle body work4

............................. 0.057 0.0 0.000 0.25 S-Jan.2020 -0.2

Motor vehicle maintenance and servicing4

......... 0.625 0.8 0.005 0.23 L-Aug.2019 1.2

Motor vehicle repair4, 5................................ 0.338 0.4 0.001 0.26 S-Dec.2019 0.0

Motor vehicle insurance................................. 1.700 0.6 0.011 0.11 L-Sep.2018 0.6

Motor vehicle fees4, 5.................................... 0.572 0.2 0.001 0.13 – –

State motor vehicle registration and license

fees4, 5................................................ 0.297 0.1 0.000 0.11 – –

Parking and other fees4, 5............................ 0.260 0.3 0.001 0.25 – –

Parking fees and tolls5, 6........................... 0.3 0.26 – –

Automobile service clubs4, 5, 6..................... 1.2 0.31 L-Nov.2016 9.9

Public transportation..................................... 1.305 -8.5 -0.111 0.37 S-EVER –

Airline fares............................................. 0.820 -12.6 -0.104 0.57 S-EVER –

Other intercity transportation......................... 0.177 -4.0 -0.007 0.70 S-EVER –

Intercity bus fare4, 7, 6

............................... -2.1 1.47 S-Jan.2020 -16.3

Intercity train fare4, 7, 6

..............................

Ship fare4, 5, 6

........................................ -1.4 0.75 S-Oct.2019 -1.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2020-

Mar. 2020

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2020-

Mar. 20201

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Intracity transportation4

............................... 0.304 0.2 0.001 0.35 S-Dec.2019 -1.1

Intracity mass transit4, 11, 6

......................... 0.0 0.13 S-Dec.2019 0.0

Recreation services11....................................... 3.769 0.6 0.024 0.17 L-Oct.2019 0.7

Video and audio services11............................. 1.243 0.1 0.001 0.17 L-Jan.2020 0.4

Cable and satellite television service13............. 1.162 0.1 0.001 0.19 L-Jan.2020 0.7

Video discs and other media, including rental of

video4

, 5............................................... 0.081 0.5 0.000 0.95 L-Sep.2019 0.8

Video discs and other media4, 5, 6

................ 0.9 1.68 L-Jun.2019 1.3

Rental of video discs and other media4, 5, 6

. . . .. 0.8 0.76 L-Jun.2019 2.2

Pet services including veterinary5

...................... 0.548 0.3 0.002 0.16 L-Jan.2020 0.3

Pet services4, 5, 6....................................... 0.1 0.24 S-Aug.2019 -0.4

Veterinarian services5, 6............................... 0.4 0.25 L-Dec.2019 0.5

Photographers and photo processing4, 5.............. 0.045 0.2 0.000 0.46 S-Jan.2020 0.2

Photographer fees4, 5, 6

............................... 0.0 0.62 S-Jan.2020 -0.3

Photo processing4, 5, 6................................. 0.5 0.62 S-Dec.2019 -0.6

Other recreation services5............................... 1.932 1.1 0.022 0.31 L-Oct.2019 1.1

Club membership for shopping clubs, fraternal, or

other organizations, or participant sports

fees4, 5................................................ 0.698 0.8 0.006 0.35 L-Nov.2019 1.1

Admissions............................................. 0.700 1.7 0.012 0.69 L-Mar.2019 2.3

Admission to movies, theaters, and

concerts

4

, 5, 6

...................................... 0.5 0.54 S-Jan.2020 0.3

Admission to sporting events4, 5, 6

................ 2.2 2.10 L-Nov.2019 3.7

Fees for lessons or instructions4, 9.................. 0.212 0.0 0.000 0.43 S-Dec.2019 0.0

Education and communication services11................ 6.230 0.1 0.005 0.07 – –

Tuition, other school fees, and childcare.............. 2.912 0.3 0.008 0.10 – –

College tuition and fees............................... 1.569 0.2 0.004 0.16 – –

Elementary and high school tuition and fees. . . . .. 0.424 0.4 0.002 0.06 L-Oct.2019 0.5

Day care and preschool12............................ 0.764 0.2 0.001 0.13 S-Jan.2020 0.1

Technical and business school tuition and fees5... 0.036 0.2 0.000 0.12 – –

Postage and delivery services5......................... 0.112 0.2 0.000 0.03 S-Dec.2019 0.2

Postage................................................. 0.102 0.2 0.000 0.00 S-Dec.2019 0.1

Delivery services5

...................................... 0.010 -0.4 0.000 0.27 S-Jan.2020 -1.4

Telephone services4, 5................................... 2.293 0.0 0.000 0.10 L-Jan.2020 0.3

Wireless telephone services4, 5...................... 1.891 0.0 0.000 0.05 L-Jan.2020 0.0

Land-line telephone services4, 11.................... 0.402 0.1 0.000 0.36 S-Apr.2019 0.1

Internet services and electronic information

providers5

............................................... 0.901 -0.3 -0.003 0.22 S-Sep.2019 -0.6

Other personal services4, 11............................... 1.654 0.2 0.003 0.13 S-Nov.2019 0.1

Personal care services4

................................. 0.669 0.1 0.001 0.14 S-Sep.2019 0.1

Haircuts and other personal care services4, 5...... 0.669 0.1 0.001 0.14 S-Sep.2019 0.1

Miscellaneous personal services....................... 0.986 0.1 0.001 0.15 S-Nov.2019 0.0

Legal services4, 9...................................... 0.251 0.0 0.000 0.12 S-Dec.2019 0.0

Funeral expenses4, 9.................................. 0.140 0.0 0.000 0.19 L-Jan.2020 0.3

Laundry and dry cleaning services4, 5............... 0.219 0.1 0.000 0.22 S-Nov.2019 0.1

Apparel services other than laundry and dry

cleaning4

, 5........................................... 0.030 1.6 0.000 0.36 L-Mar.2005 2.4

Financial services9..................................... 0.233 0.0 0.000 0.20 S-Nov.2019 0.0

Checking account and other bank

services4, 5, 6...................................... 1.2 0.00 L-Mar.2018 4.7

Tax return preparation and other accounting

fees4

, 5, 6

........................................... 0.5 0.31 L-Jan.2020 2.0

Special aggregate indexes

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2020-

Mar. 2020

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2020-

Mar. 20201

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

All items less food.................................................. 86.212 -0.5 -0.470 0.04 S-Jan.2015 -0.7

All items less shelter................................................ 66.806 -0.7 -0.437 0.05 S-Jan.2015 -1.1

All items less food and shelter.................................... 53.018 -0.9 -0.484 0.06 S-Jan.2015 -1.4

All items less food, shelter, and energy.......................... 46.501 -0.2 -0.095 0.06 S-Mar.2017 -0.2

All items less food, shelter, energy, and used cars and

trucks............................................................... 43.979 -0.3 -0.116 0.07 S-EVER –

All items less medical care........................................ 91.152 -0.5 -0.460 0.04 S-Jan.2015 -0.7

All items less energy................................................ 93.483 0.0 -0.035 0.04 S-Mar.2017 0.0

Commodities......................................................... 37.450 -1.0 -0.394 0.07 S-Sep.2015 -1.0

Commodities less food, energy, and used cars and

trucks............................................................ 17.718 -0.5 -0.088 0.12 S-Aug.2001 -0.5

Commodities less food.......................................... 23.662 -1.9 -0.441 0.09 S-Jan.2015 -3.2

Commodities less food and beverages........................ 22.636 -2.0 -0.445 0.10 S-Jan.2015 -3.3

Services.............................................................. 62.550 -0.1 -0.034 0.04 S-Jan.2010 -0.2

Services less rent of shelter15.................................. 29.724 -0.2 -0.048 0.06 S-Mar.2017 -0.3

Services less medical care services........................... 55.322 -0.1 -0.059 0.04 S-Mar.2017 -0.1

Durables.............................................................. 10.683 -0.1 -0.009 0.12 S-Jan.2020 -0.4

Nondurables......................................................... 26.767 -1.3 -0.356 0.08 S-Jan.2015 -2.5

Nondurables less food........................................... 12.979 -3.0 -0.396 0.15 S-Jan.2015 -4.9

Nondurables less food and beverages........................ 11.953 -3.3 -0.397 0.16 S-Jan.2015 -5.3

Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel............. 9.037 -3.7 -0.337 0.13 S-Sep.2015 -3.8

Nondurables less food and apparel............................ 10.063 -3.3 -0.335 0.12 S-Sep.2015 -3.4

Housing............................................................... 42.149 0.0 -0.017 0.05 S-Apr.2014 0.0

Education and communication5

................................... 6.746 0.1 0.007 0.07 – –

Education5

......................................................... 3.019 0.3 0.008 0.10 – –

Communication5

.................................................. 3.726 0.0 -0.001 0.10 – –

Information and information processing5

................... 3.614 0.0 -0.001 0.11 – –

Information technology, hardware and services17......... 1.321 -0.1 -0.001 0.24 S-Dec.2019 -0.3

Recreation5

.......................................................... 5.807 0.1 0.007 0.15 L-Jan.2020 0.3

Video and audio5

................................................. 1.517 0.1 0.002 0.17 L-Jan.2020 0.3

Pets, pet products and services5

............................... 1.199 -0.2 -0.002 0.16 S-Aug.2019 -0.2

Photography5

...................................................... 0.073 0.1 0.000 0.53 S-Dec.2019 -0.7

Food and beverages................................................ 14.814 0.3 0.052 0.07 S-Jan.2020 0.2

Domestically produced farm food.............................. 6.343 0.5 0.034 0.13 L-Mar.2017 0.5

Other services....................................................... 11.653 0.3 0.031 0.07 L-Jan.2020 0.4

Apparel less footwear.............................................. 2.238 -1.8 -0.040 0.64 S-Oct.2019 -2.1

Fuels and utilities.................................................... 4.341 -0.6 -0.026 0.14 S-Dec.2015 -0.8

Household energy................................................ 3.255 -0.9 -0.029 0.18 S-Dec.2015 -1.1

Medical care......................................................... 8.848 0.4 0.037 0.18 L-Dec.2019 0.5

Transportation....................................................... 15.582 -2.9 -0.458 0.08 S-Jan.2015 -4.5

Private transportation............................................ 14.277 -2.4 -0.347 0.09 S-Sep.2015 -2.8

New and used motor vehicles5

.............................. 7.268 -0.1 -0.006 0.11 S-Jan.2020 -0.4

Utilities and public transportation................................. 8.941 -1.2 -0.109 0.10 S-Jan.1966 -1.4

Household furnishings and operations........................... 4.613 -0.1 -0.004 0.18 S-Jan.2020 -0.1

Other goods and services.......................................... 3.139 0.3 0.008 0.12 S-Dec.2019 -0.1

Personal care4

.................................................... 2.552 0.1 0.002 0.15 S-Dec.2019 -0.2

1 The ’effect’ of an item category is a measure of that item’s contribution to the All items price change. For example, if the Food index had an effect of

0.40, and the All items index rose 1.2 percent, then the increase in food prices contributed 0.40 / 1.2, or 33.3 percent, to that All items increase.

Said another way, had food prices been unchanged for that month the change in the All items index would have been 1.2 percent minus 0.40, or 0.8

percent. Effects can be negative as well. For example, if the effect of food was a negative 0.1, and the All items index rose 0.5 percent, the All items

index actually would have been 0.1 percent higher (or 0.6 percent) had food prices been unchanged. Since food prices fell while prices overall were

rising, the contribution of food to the All items price change was negative (in this case, -0.1 / 0.5, or minus 20 percent).

2 A statistic’s margin of error is often expressed as its point estimate plus or minus two standard errors. For example, if a CPI category rose 0.6

percent, and its standard error was 0.15 percent, the margin of error on this item’s 1-month percent change would be 0.6 percent, plus or minus 0.3

percent.
3

If the current seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change is greater than the previous published 1-month percent change, then this column

identifies the closest prior month with a 1-month percent change as (L)arge as or (L)arger than the current 1-month change. If the current 1-month

percent change is smaller than the previous published 1-month percent change, the most recent month with a change as (S)mall or (S)maller than

the current month change is identified. If the current and previous published 1-month percent changes are equal, a dash will appear. Standard

numerical comparisons are used. For example, 0.8% is greater than 0.6%, -0.4% is less than -0.2%, and -0.2% is less than 0.0%. Note that a

(L)arger change can be a smaller decline, for example, a -0.2% change is larger than a -0.4% change, but still represents a decline in the price

index. Likewise, (S)maller changes can be increases, for example, a 0.6% change is smaller than 0.8%, but still represents an increase in the price

index. In this context, a -0.2% change is considered to be smaller than a 0.0% change.

4 Not seasonally adjusted.

5

Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.

6 Special indexes based on a substantially smaller sample. These series do not contribute to the all items index aggregation and therefore do not

have a relative importance or effect.

7

Indexes on a December 2007=100 base.

8

Indexes on a December 2005=100 base.

9

Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.

10 Indexes on a December 1993=100 base.

11 Indexes on a December 2009=100 base.

12 Indexes on a December 1990=100 base.

13 Indexes on a December 1983=100 base.

14 Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.

15 Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.

16 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.

17 Indexes on a December 1988=100 base.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020, 12-month analysis table

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2019-

Mar. 2020

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2019-

Mar. 20201

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:3

Date Percent

change

All items................................................................. 100.000 1.5 0.08 S-Feb.2019 1.5

Food.................................................................. 13.788 1.9 0.263 0.15 L-Nov.2019 2.0

Food at home..................................................... 7.601 1.1 0.084 0.19 L-May 2019 1.2

Cereals and bakery products................................. 0.983 0.1 0.002 0.44 S-May 2018 -0.2

Cereals and cereal products............................... 0.301 -1.0 -0.003 0.80 S-Oct.2018 -1.2

Flour and prepared flour mixes......................... 0.042 -0.7 0.000 1.08 – –

Breakfast cereal.......................................... 0.137 -1.2 -0.002 1.01 L-Jan.2020 -0.1

Rice, pasta, cornmeal.................................... 0.123 -1.0 -0.001 1.35 S-Jan.2018 -2.0

Rice4, 5

.................................................. -2.3 1.84 S-Dec.2019 -2.9

Bakery products.......................................... 0.682 0.7 0.005 0.55 L-Nov.2019 1.5

Bread4

................................................... 0.195 2.3 0.004 0.98 L-Nov.2019 3.8

White bread5......................................... 4.0 1.32 L-Nov.2019 4.6

Bread other than white5............................ 0.7 1.32 S-Jan.2020 0.6

Fresh biscuits, rolls, muffins4

......................... 0.098 -1.4 -0.001 1.35 S-Jan.2020 -2.0

Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies....................... 0.174 0.8 0.002 1.01 L-Jan.2020 1.0

Cookies5.............................................. 1.4 1.31 L-Oct.2019 1.5

Fresh cakes and cupcakes5....................... -0.5 1.09 S-Dec.2019 -1.8

Other bakery products................................ 0.214 0.0 0.000 0.89 S-Jan.2020 -0.5

Fresh sweetrolls, coffeecakes, doughnuts5

...... -1.4 1.97 S-Nov.2016 -2.1

Crackers, bread, and cracker products5

. . . . . . . .. 1.8 1.60 L-Dec.2019 2.3

Frozen and refrigerated bakery products, pies,

tarts, turnovers5

................................... -1.3 0.81 S-Dec.2019 -1.3

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs................................ 1.675 2.3 0.037 0.33 L-Dec.2019 2.3

Meats, poultry, and fish.................................... 1.576 2.5 0.038 0.35 L-Dec.2019 2.6

Meats...................................................... 0.989 3.3 0.031 0.44 S-Nov.2019 2.5

Beef and veal.......................................... 0.451 3.8 0.016 0.59 S-Nov.2019 2.6

Uncooked ground beef............................. 0.166 5.9 0.010 0.86 L-Jul.2015 9.4

Uncooked beef roasts4

............................. 0.070 3.6 0.002 1.62 S-Oct.2019 3.1

Uncooked beef steaks4............................. 0.174 2.1 0.003 0.93 S-Oct.2019 1.8

Uncooked other beef and veal4

................... 0.041 2.7 0.001 1.19 S-Oct.2019 1.8

Pork...................................................... 0.313 3.5 0.010 0.91 S-Jan.2020 3.2

Bacon, breakfast sausage, and related

products4.......................................... 0.129 1.8 0.002 1.14 S-Sep.2019 1.2

Bacon and related products5

.................... -1.1 1.48 S-Feb.2019 -1.9

Breakfast sausage and related products4, 5

... 6.4 1.62 L-Dec.2014 7.3

Ham................................................... 0.065 8.2 0.005 3.14 S-Jan.2020 4.6

Ham, excluding canned5

........................ 7.7 3.40 S-Jan.2020 4.3

Pork chops........................................... 0.048 3.2 0.001 2.19 S-Dec.2019 1.8

Other pork including roasts, steaks, and ribs4

... 0.071 2.3 0.001 2.01 S-Jan.2020 1.6

Other meats............................................ 0.225 1.9 0.004 0.72 L-Jan.2020 2.5

Frankfurters5

......................................... 1.9 1.91 L-Jan.2020 4.2

Lunchmeats4, 5...................................... 1.9 0.88 L-Jan.2020 2.9

Lamb and organ meats5...........................

Lamb and mutton4, 5................................

Poultry................................................... 0.319 2.2 0.007 0.77 L-Dec.2017 2.5

Chicken4

.............................................. 0.259 1.2 0.003 0.91 L-Dec.2019 1.4

Fresh whole chicken5............................ 1.5 1.77 L-Jan.2020 2.2

Fresh and frozen chicken parts5............... 1.1 1.08 L-Jan.2019 1.3

Other uncooked poultry including turkey4........ 0.060 7.1 0.004 2.42 L-Jul.2012 8.2

Fish and seafood...................................... 0.267 0.1 0.000 0.76 – –

Fresh fish and seafood4

............................ 0.136 1.4 0.002 1.11 L-Oct.2019 1.4

Processed fish and seafood4

...................... 0.131 -1.2 -0.002 1.15 S-Feb.2018 -1.9

Shelf stable fish and seafood5

.................. 0.9 1.59 L-Oct.2019 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2019-

Mar. 2020

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2019-

Mar. 20201

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:3

Date Percent

change

Frozen fish and seafood5........................ -2.1 1.70 S-Feb.2018 -3.5

Eggs........................................................ 0.099 -1.6 -0.001 1.58 L-Nov.2018 3.6

Dairy and related products................................... 0.772 3.7 0.028 0.43 L-Jan.2015 3.8

Milk4

........................................................... 0.209 4.9 0.010 0.78 S-Nov.2019 3.9

Fresh whole milk5........................................ 5.1 1.41 S-Nov.2019 4.4

Fresh milk other than whole4, 5......................... 4.2 1.25 S-Dec.2019 3.8

Cheese and related products.............................. 0.261 5.0 0.012 0.71 S-Jan.2020 3.5

Ice cream and related products........................... 0.108 2.6 0.003 1.16 L-Apr.2015 2.7

Other dairy and related products4

........................ 0.194 1.4 0.003 0.87 L-Jul.2019 1.6

Fruits and vegetables......................................... 1.321 -1.9 -0.024 0.58 S-Feb.2017 -4.7

Fresh fruits and vegetables................................ 1.040 -2.4 -0.025 0.61 S-Feb.2017 -5.7

Fresh fruits................................................ 0.530 -3.5 -0.019 0.64 L-Dec.2019 -2.4

Apples................................................... 0.074 -8.8 -0.007 1.68 S-Aug.2015 -9.7

Bananas................................................. 0.077 -1.4 -0.001 1.27 S-Jul.2019 -1.6

Citrus fruits4

............................................ 0.128 -9.5 -0.014 1.55 S-Mar.2009 -9.7

Oranges, including tangerines5.................... -10.8 2.14 S-Jun.2008 -11.3

Other fresh fruits4

...................................... 0.251 1.0 0.003 1.12 L-Mar.2019 1.5

Fresh vegetables......................................... 0.510 -1.3 -0.006 0.97 S-Dec.2019 -1.8

Potatoes................................................. 0.080 4.1 0.003 2.45 L-Jan.2020 5.3

Lettuce.................................................. 0.061 -4.2 -0.003 2.84 S-Jun.2018 -7.2

Tomatoes............................................... 0.084 7.8 0.006 2.00 L-Jan.2018 16.5

Other fresh vegetables................................ 0.285 -4.7 -0.013 1.12 S-Feb.2017 -7.3

Processed fruits and vegetables4

...................... 0.280 0.2 0.001 0.94 S-Apr.2019 0.2

Canned fruits and vegetables4....................... 0.146 -0.7 -0.001 1.33 S-Mar.2018 -2.4

Canned fruits4, 5..................................... -1.9 1.81 S-Mar.2018 -5.5

Canned vegetables4, 5.............................. 0.4 1.74 L-Jan.2020 2.0

Frozen fruits and vegetables4

........................ 0.084 0.8 0.001 1.57 S-Dec.2019 0.3

Frozen vegetables5................................. 0.9 1.70 S-Dec.2019 0.3

Other processed fruits and vegetables including

dried4................................................. 0.051 2.6 0.001 1.31 L-Jul.2015 3.2

Dried beans, peas, and lentils4, 5................. 1.8 2.39 L-Jan.2020 2.0

Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials. . . . . . . .. 0.914 1.4 0.013 0.56 L-Nov.2019 1.7

Juices and nonalcoholic drinks4

........................... 0.650 1.5 0.010 0.71 L-Dec.2019 1.9

Carbonated drinks........................................ 0.273 1.6 0.005 1.43 L-Nov.2019 2.8

Frozen noncarbonated juices and drinks4

............. 0.006 -4.1 0.000 1.37 S-Jan.2005 -5.6

Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices and drinks4......... 0.372 1.6 0.006 0.79 L-Dec.2019 2.3

Beverage materials including coffee and tea4........... 0.264 1.1 0.003 0.82 L-Dec.2017 1.1

Coffee...................................................... 0.169 0.3 0.001 1.08 L-Nov.2019 0.4

Roasted coffee5

........................................ 0.8 1.05 L-Dec.2017 1.3

Instant coffee5.......................................... -3.1 2.32 S-Jan.2020 -3.4

Other beverage materials including tea4.............. 0.094 2.4 0.002 1.16 L-Mar.2009 2.4

Other food at home............................................ 1.937 1.4 0.029 0.33 L-Nov.2015 1.5

Sugar and sweets........................................... 0.265 2.6 0.007 0.80 S-Dec.2019 2.6

Sugar and sugar substitutes............................ 0.036 5.9 0.002 1.49 L-Oct.2015 6.6

Candy and chewing gum4

............................... 0.176 3.2 0.006 1.07 S-Dec.2019 2.5

Other sweets4

............................................. 0.053 -1.6 -0.001 1.22 S-Jan.2019 -2.1

Fats and oils................................................. 0.213 -0.3 0.000 0.77 L-Jun.2019 0.1

Butter and margarine4

................................... 0.064 0.2 0.000 1.23 L-Jan.2020 0.7

Butter5

................................................... 0.7 1.96 L-Jan.2020 1.8

Margarine5

.............................................. 2.0 1.35 L-Oct.2017 2.3

Salad dressing4........................................... 0.051 2.7 0.001 1.42 L-Jun.2019 2.9

Other fats and oils including peanut butter4

. . . . . . . . .. 0.098 -2.2 -0.002 1.19 S-Jan.2020 -2.6

Peanut butter4, 5

....................................... -1.9 2.62 L-Jul.2019 0.8

Other foods................................................ 1.459 1.5 0.022 0.36 L-Nov.2015 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2019-

Mar. 2020

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2019-

Mar. 20201

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:3

Date Percent

change

Soups.................................................... 0.087 3.2 0.003 1.43 L-Sep.2017 3.5

Frozen and freeze dried prepared foods........... 0.252 1.6 0.004 0.81 L-Oct.2015 1.9

Snacks.................................................. 0.332 -0.3 0.000 0.81 L-Jun.2019 0.5

Spices, seasonings, condiments, sauces........... 0.290 1.8 0.006 0.77 L-Apr.2016 2.6

Salt and other seasonings and spices4, 5

........ 1.6 1.22 L-Dec.2018 1.6

Olives, pickles, relishes4, 5......................... 1.58 – –

Sauces and gravies4, 5

............................. 2.3 1.28 L-Jun.2018 3.7

Other condiments5.................................. -0.1 1.77 L-Jan.2020 0.4

Baby food4.............................................. 0.042 3.6 0.002 2.13 L-Oct.2019 4.3

Other miscellaneous foods4.......................... 0.455 2.1 0.008 0.74 S-Jan.2020 1.2

Prepared salads6, 5

................................. 5.4 1.29 S-Jan.2020 4.8

Food away from home........................................... 6.187 3.0 0.179 0.18 – –

Full service meals and snacks4.............................. 3.124 3.2 0.096 0.39 S-Jul.2019 3.2

Limited service meals and snacks4.......................... 2.666 2.8 0.073 0.25 L-Jan.2020 2.9

Food at employee sites and schools4....................... 0.145 1.9 0.003 0.45 L-Apr.2019 2.3

Food at elementary and secondary schools7, 5......... 2.2 0.39 – –

Food from vending machines and mobile vendors4

....... 0.080 3.6 0.003 1.05 S-Aug.2018 3.1

Other food away from home4

................................ 0.172 1.8 0.004 0.47 S-May 2019 1.3

Energy................................................................ 6.517 -5.7 -0.382 0.28 S-Aug.2016 -9.2

Energy commodities............................................. 3.422 -10.4 -0.366 0.33 S-Aug.2016 -17.3

Fuel oil and other fuels........................................ 0.161 -14.2 -0.025 0.83 S-May 2016 -16.1

Fuel oil........................................................ 0.098 -20.1 -0.021 1.02 S-May 2016 -23.6

Propane, kerosene, and firewood8

........................ 0.062 -4.6 -0.003 1.25 S-Nov.2019 -5.0

Motor fuel....................................................... 3.261 -10.2 -0.341 0.34 S-Aug.2016 -17.8

Gasoline (all types)......................................... 3.186 -10.2 -0.335 0.34 S-Aug.2016 -17.8

Gasoline, unleaded regular5

............................ -11.0 1.01 S-Aug.2016 -18.4

Gasoline, unleaded midgrade9, 5

....................... -6.9 1.02 S-Feb.2019 -7.5

Gasoline, unleaded premium5

.......................... -5.6 0.99 S-Feb.2019 -6.4

Other motor fuels4

.......................................... 0.075 -8.1 -0.006 0.49 S-Oct.2019 -8.4

Energy services................................................... 3.095 -0.5 -0.017 0.46 S-Dec.2019 -1.2

Electricity........................................................ 2.417 0.2 0.004 0.50 S-Dec.2019 -0.4

Utility (piped) gas service..................................... 0.678 -2.9 -0.021 0.70 S-Jan.2020 -3.2

All items less food and energy.................................... 79.695 2.1 1.659 0.09 S-Jun.2019 2.1

Commodities less food and energy commodities............ 20.240 -0.2 -0.024 0.21 S-Jan.2020 -0.3

Household furnishings and supplies10...................... 3.737 -0.4 -0.011 0.44 S-Aug.2018 -0.5

Window and floor coverings and other linens4

.......... 0.293 0.7 0.004 1.76 S-Jan.2020 -1.4

Floor coverings4

.......................................... 0.064 -1.2 -0.001 2.53 S-Nov.2019 -1.2

Window coverings4

....................................... 0.061 7.1 0.004 3.82 L-EVER –

Other linens4

.............................................. 0.169 -0.3 0.000 2.71 S-Jan.2020 -3.0

Furniture and bedding...................................... 0.940 -0.5 -0.005 0.94 S-Aug.2018 -0.7

Bedroom furniture........................................ 0.333 -0.8 -0.003 1.47 S-Sep.2018 -1.3

Living room, kitchen, and dining room furniture4

. . . .. 0.454 1.0 0.004 1.78 S-Jan.2020 0.7

Other furniture4

........................................... 0.144 -5.2 -0.006 2.17 S-Dec.2016 -7.2

Infants’ furniture7, 5

.................................... 8.93 – –

Appliances4.................................................. 0.211 -0.3 -0.001 1.76 L-Dec.2019 0.2

Major appliances4........................................ 0.071 -1.9 -0.002 2.33 L-Sep.2019 -0.1

Laundry equipment5

................................... -1.4 2.81 L-Apr.2019 3.0

Other appliances4

........................................ 0.138 0.9 0.001 2.29 L-Jan.2020 1.4

Other household equipment and furnishings4

........... 0.535 -2.9 -0.014 1.43 L-Jan.2020 -1.6

Clocks, lamps, and decorator items.................... 0.310 -4.8 -0.014 2.31 L-Jan.2020 -2.4

Indoor plants and flowers11............................. 0.090 -0.2 0.000 1.94 L-Dec.2019 0.2

Dishes and flatware4..................................... 0.055 9.5 0.005 4.67 L-EVER –

Nonelectric cookware and tableware4

................. 0.080 -6.5 -0.005 3.13 S-Oct.2019 -7.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2019-

Mar. 2020

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2019-

Mar. 20201

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:3

Date Percent

change

Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment and supplies4. . .. 0.874 0.4 0.006 0.81 L-Jan.2020 0.4

Tools, hardware and supplies4

......................... 0.241 -0.4 0.000 1.49 L-Nov.2019 0.7

Outdoor equipment and supplies4...................... 0.447 0.8 0.004 1.13 L-Jan.2020 1.6

Housekeeping supplies..................................... 0.882 -0.1 -0.001 0.51 S-May 2018 -0.3

Household cleaning products4.......................... 0.347 0.2 0.001 0.71 L-Jan.2020 0.8

Household paper products4............................. 0.218 1.2 0.003 1.26 S-Oct.2018 0.6

Miscellaneous household products4

................... 0.318 -1.6 -0.004 1.24 – –

Apparel.......................................................... 2.916 -1.6 -0.050 0.86 S-Nov.2019 -1.6

Men’s and boys’ apparel................................... 0.740 -0.8 -0.007 1.76 L-Jan.2020 -0.5

Men’s apparel............................................. 0.601 0.1 0.002 1.51 L-Jan.2020 2.1

Men’s suits, sport coats, and outerwear............ 0.113 -4.1 -0.004 3.69 S-Sep.2018 -4.7

Men’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories.......................................... 0.166 3.9 0.007 3.27 – –

Men’s shirts and sweaters4

........................... 0.169 -3.9 -0.006 2.43 L-Jan.2020 -2.0

Men’s pants and shorts............................... 0.146 4.2 0.005 2.31 L-Jan.2020 6.6

Boys’ apparel............................................. 0.139 -5.2 -0.009 5.37 L-Dec.2019 -4.0

Women’s and girls’ apparel................................ 1.203 -2.6 -0.031 1.54 S-Jan.2020 -3.1

Women’s apparel......................................... 1.000 -3.5 -0.038 1.74 S-Jan.2020 -4.0

Women’s outerwear................................... 0.067 -8.0 -0.006 4.11 L-Dec.2019 -6.7

Women’s dresses...................................... 0.110 -10.0 -0.013 3.14 S-Sep.2019 -12.8

Women’s suits and separates4

....................... 0.513 -4.3 -0.024 2.49 S-Jan.2020 -5.5

Women’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories4......................................... 0.300 1.9 0.006 2.54 S-Dec.2019 -1.4

Girls’ apparel.............................................. 0.203 3.3 0.007 3.27 L-Jul.2019 4.0

Footwear..................................................... 0.678 -0.2 -0.002 1.44 S-Jul.2019 -0.5

Men’s footwear............................................ 0.235 -1.3 -0.003 1.93 S-Jan.2020 -1.7

Boys’ and girls’ footwear................................ 0.143 -0.4 -0.001 3.23 S-Dec.2018 -1.9

Women’s footwear........................................ 0.300 0.8 0.002 1.86 S-Oct.2019 0.7

Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel.............................. 0.133 -8.0 -0.011 2.75 S-Mar.1954 -10.0

Jewelry and watches8

...................................... 0.162 2.0 0.001 3.57 S-Jan.2020 1.2

Watches8.................................................. 0.039 2.9 0.000 5.88 S-Nov.2019 1.8

Jewelry8.................................................... 0.123 1.1 0.000 4.18 L-Oct.2019 2.5

Transportation commodities less motor fuel10............. 6.903 -0.1 -0.001 0.25 L-Dec.2019 -0.1

New vehicles................................................. 3.750 -0.4 -0.016 0.43 S-Jun.2018 -0.5

New cars and trucks4, 5

.................................. -0.4 0.39 S-Jun.2018 -0.5

New cars5............................................... 0.0 0.52 S-Nov.2019 0.0

New trucks12, 5......................................... -0.6 0.46 S-Dec.2018 -0.7

Used cars and trucks....................................... 2.522 0.1 0.009 0.06 L-Oct.2019 1.4

Motor vehicle parts and equipment....................... 0.396 1.6 0.006 0.68 S-Jul.2019 1.4

Tires........................................................ 0.251 0.4 0.001 0.83 S-Oct.2018 0.0

Vehicle accessories other than tires4

.................. 0.146 3.5 0.005 1.13 S-Dec.2019 2.6

Vehicle parts and equipment other than tires5..... 4.1 1.17 L-Jan.2020 4.1

Motor oil, coolant, and fluids5........................ -1.2 1.97 S-Nov.2019 -2.3

Medical care commodities.................................... 1.620 1.3 0.023 0.79 S-Nov.2019 0.6

Medicinal drugs10........................................... 1.547 1.3 0.022 0.82 S-Nov.2019 0.6

Prescription drugs........................................ 1.171 1.5 0.020 0.95 S-Nov.2019 0.5

Nonprescription drugs10................................. 0.376 0.6 0.002 1.00 L-Nov.2019 0.8

Medical equipment and supplies10........................ 0.072 1.3 0.001 1.73 L-Dec.2019 1.3

Recreation commodities10.................................... 2.038 -1.1 -0.021 0.62 S-Jan.2020 -1.1

Video and audio products10................................ 0.273 -7.9 -0.017 0.81 L-Dec.2017 -7.2

Televisions................................................ 0.096 -16.8 -0.016 1.38 L-Feb.2019 -16.8

Other video equipment4

................................. 0.042 -2.2 0.000 2.24 S-Jun.2019 -2.2

Audio equipment.......................................... 0.079 0.1 0.001 2.28 L-Nov.2019 0.9

Recorded music and music subscriptions4

............ 0.045 -4.2 -0.002 2.26 L-Jan.2020 -3.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2019-

Mar. 2020

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2019-

Mar. 20201

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:3

Date Percent

change

Pets and pet products...................................... 0.651 1.6 0.009 0.73 S-Oct.2018 0.9

Pet food4, 5

................................................ 1.8 0.63 S-Feb.2019 1.7

Purchase of pets, pet supplies, accessories4, 5. . . . .. 1.3 1.18 S-Jul.2018 0.6

Sporting goods.............................................. 0.594 -0.3 -0.003 1.48 S-Jul.2019 -1.1

Sports vehicles including bicycles...................... 0.357 -0.5 -0.003 2.36 S-Jul.2019 -0.7

Sports equipment......................................... 0.227 -0.1 0.000 1.42 S-Jan.2020 -2.0

Photographic equipment and supplies................... 0.027 9.8 0.003 1.95 L-Dec.1980 11.3

Film and photographic supplies4, 5

.....................

Photographic equipment4, 5............................. 9.1 1.71 S-Jan.2020 1.9

Recreational reading materials............................ 0.118 5.8 0.007 1.66 S-Jan.2020 2.8

Newspapers and magazines4

........................... 0.066 8.5 0.006 2.30 L-Jan.2019 10.5

Recreational books4

...................................... 0.050 1.4 0.001 2.36 S-Jan.2020 -1.9

Other recreational goods4

.................................. 0.375 -6.1 -0.020 1.29 S-Jul.2019 -6.5

Toys........................................................ 0.290 -7.3 -0.018 1.49 L-Jan.2020 -7.3

Toys, games, hobbies and playground

equipment4

, 5

......................................... -8.0 2.03 S-Dec.2018 -8.4

Sewing machines, fabric and supplies4............... 0.022 -11.2 -0.003 2.89 S-EVER –

Music instruments and accessories4

................... 0.047 5.1 0.002 2.82 L-EVER –

Education and communication commodities10............. 0.516 -4.7 -0.025 1.05 L-Nov.2019 -4.2

Educational books and supplies.......................... 0.107 -2.7 -0.003 2.02 L-Dec.2019 -2.0

College textbooks13, 5

.................................... -2.9 1.97 L-Dec.2019 -1.7

Information technology commodities10................... 0.409 -5.5 -0.022 1.23 L-Nov.2019 -5.1

Computers, peripherals, and smart home

assistants6

.............................................. 0.298 -3.0 -0.009 1.59 L-Nov.2019 -2.4

Computer software and accessories4.................. 0.019 -10.9 -0.003 2.89 S-Dec.2019 -11.2

Telephone hardware, calculators, and other

consumer information items4......................... 0.091 -13.5 -0.010 1.92 L-Dec.2018 -11.2

Alcoholic beverages........................................... 1.026 1.4 0.015 0.38 L-Aug.2019 2.0

Alcoholic beverages at home.............................. 0.575 1.4 0.008 0.53 L-Sep.2019 1.5

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages at home........ 0.221 3.4 0.008 0.72 L-Nov.2009 3.6

Distilled spirits at home.................................. 0.093 -1.0 -0.001 1.03 L-Jan.2020 -0.2

Whiskey at home5..................................... -1.1 1.17 S-Nov.2018 -1.1

Distilled spirits, excluding whiskey, at home5

. . . . .. -0.3 1.46 L-Jan.2020 -0.1

Wine at home............................................. 0.261 0.2 0.001 0.98 L-Nov.2019 0.4

Alcoholic beverages away from home.................... 0.451 1.6 0.006 0.43 S-Jan.2020 1.3

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages away from

home4

, 5

................................................. 0.0 0.82 S-Dec.2019 0.0

Wine away from home4, 5

............................... 1.8 1.00 L-Jul.2019 2.4

Distilled spirits away from home4, 5

.................... 3.5 0.60 S-Jan.2020 2.1

Other goods10.................................................. 1.484 3.1 0.046 0.45 – –

Tobacco and smoking products........................... 0.586 5.4 0.034 0.32 S-Jan.2020 5.4

Cigarettes4

................................................ 0.509 5.8 0.033 0.33 S-Dec.2019 5.8

Tobacco products other than cigarettes4.............. 0.059 1.3 0.001 1.18 L-Dec.2019 2.8

Personal care products..................................... 0.693 0.5 0.004 0.58 L-Aug.2016 0.9

Hair, dental, shaving, and miscellaneous personal

care products4

.......................................... 0.372 1.4 0.005 0.77 L-Nov.2019 1.4

Cosmetics, perfume, bath, nail preparations and

implements............................................. 0.313 -0.7 -0.002 1.01 L-Aug.2019 -0.7

Miscellaneous personal goods4

........................... 0.205 4.2 0.009 2.55 S-Sep.2019 0.0

Stationery, stationery supplies, gift wrap5

............. 5.0 2.41 S-Sep.2019 3.9

Infants’ equipment7, 5

.................................... 11.6 2.24 L-EVER –

Services less energy services.................................. 59.455 2.8 1.682 0.11 S-Jul.2019 2.8

Shelter........................................................... 33.194 3.0 0.996 0.15 S-Jun.2015 3.0

Rent of shelter14............................................. 32.825 3.0 0.998 0.15 S-Jun.2015 3.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2019-

Mar. 2020

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2019-

Mar. 20201

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:3

Date Percent

change

Rent of primary residence............................... 7.782 3.7 0.288 0.14 S-Dec.2019 3.7

Lodging away from home4

.............................. 1.011 -6.4 -0.060 2.54 S-Sep.2009 -6.9

Housing at school, excluding board14............... 0.117 2.3 0.003 0.25 – –

Other lodging away from home including hotels

and motels........................................... 0.894 -7.5 -0.062 2.87 S-Sep.2009 -7.6

Owners’ equivalent rent of residences14.............. 24.032 3.2 0.770 0.15 S-Jan.2019 3.2

Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence14. .. 22.826 3.2 0.729 0.15 S-Jan.2019 3.2

Tenants’ and household insurance4

................... 0.369 -0.5 -0.002 0.42 S-Nov.2007 -1.1

Water and sewer and trash collection services4

........ 1.086 3.2 0.035 0.33 – –

Water and sewerage maintenance..................... 0.795 3.1 0.025 0.40 – –

Garbage and trash collection12......................... 0.291 3.5 0.010 0.66 S-Jan.2020 3.2

Household operations4

..................................... 0.877 4.5 0.040 0.71 L-Nov.2019 5.4

Domestic services4

....................................... 0.290 1.0 0.003 0.87 S-Jun.2019 0.8

Gardening and lawncare services4

.....................

Moving, storage, freight expense4

...................... 0.088 2.3 0.002 2.20 S-Jan.2020 1.2

Repair of household items4............................. 0.116 5.7 0.006 0.90 L-Dec.2019 6.2

Medical care services...................................... 7.228 5.5 0.387 0.53 L-Jan.2008 5.7

Professional services.................................... 3.630 1.6 0.054 0.83 L-Dec.2019 1.6

Physicians’ services................................... 1.804 1.4 0.025 1.55 L-Dec.2019 1.4

Dental services......................................... 0.988 2.8 0.024 0.76 L-Dec.2019 3.0

Eyeglasses and eye care8

............................ 0.366 0.6 0.002 0.64 L-Jan.2020 0.8

Services by other medical professionals8. . . . . . . . .. 0.472 0.8 0.003 0.47 S-Dec.2019 0.8

Hospital and related services........................... 2.400 4.2 0.105 0.52 L-Jul.2018 4.3

Hospital services15..................................... 2.208 4.4 0.098 0.58 L-Jul.2018 4.6

Inpatient hospital services15, 5..................... 4.0 0.84 – –

Outpatient hospital services8, 5.................... 3.6 1.14 L-Dec.2018 4.0

Nursing homes and adult day services15........... 0.123 2.5 0.004 0.51 – –

Care of invalids and elderly at home7

............... 0.069 3.1 0.002 0.93 L-Jul.2019 3.4

Health insurance7........................................ 1.199 20.6 0.228 0.61 S-Jan.2020 20.5

Transportation services..................................... 5.418 -0.7 -0.040 0.33 S-Sep.1943 -0.8

Leased cars and trucks13................................ 0.642 -3.6 -0.023 0.98 – –

Car and truck rental4..................................... 0.120 3.6 0.003 2.41 S-Dec.2019 3.6

Motor vehicle maintenance and repair................. 1.079 3.4 0.037 0.59 S-Jan.2020 3.2

Motor vehicle body work.............................. 0.057 3.8 0.002 0.88 – –

Motor vehicle maintenance and servicing.......... 0.625 3.5 0.022 0.80 – –

Motor vehicle repair4

.................................. 0.338 3.2 0.011 0.93 S-Jan.2020 2.6

Motor vehicle insurance................................. 1.700 1.1 0.019 0.59 L-Apr.2019 1.4

Motor vehicle fees4

....................................... 0.572 2.7 0.015 0.46 L-Jan.2020 2.7

State motor vehicle registration and license

fees4.................................................. 0.297 2.8 0.008 0.32 L-Jun.2016 2.8

Parking and other fees4............................... 0.260 2.6 0.006 0.83 L-Jan.2020 2.6

Parking fees and tolls4, 5........................... 2.5 0.74 L-Dec.2019 2.5

Automobile service clubs4, 5....................... 0.97 – –

Public transportation..................................... 1.305 -7.2 -0.091 0.71 S-Sep.2009 -8.2

Airline fares............................................. 0.820 -10.6 -0.083 1.04 S-Sep.2009 -11.6

Other intercity transportation......................... 0.177 -6.1 -0.011 1.70 S-Nov.2009 -6.7

Intercity bus fare6, 5

................................. -5.2 6.41 S-EVER –

Intercity train fare6, 5

................................

Ship fare4, 5

.......................................... -7.7 1.95 S-Nov.2009 -8.1

Intracity transportation................................. 0.304 1.1 0.003 0.64 S-Jan.2020 1.1

Intracity mass transit10, 5

........................... 1.8 1.11 S-Jan.2020 1.8

Recreation services10....................................... 3.769 2.4 0.093 0.56 L-Jan.2020 2.6

Video and audio services10............................. 1.243 2.6 0.037 0.66 L-Jan.2020 2.9

Cable and satellite television service12............. 1.162 3.4 0.046 0.66 L-Jan.2020 3.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2019-

Mar. 2020

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2019-

Mar. 20201

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:3

Date Percent

change

Video discs and other media, including rental of

video4

................................................. 0.081 -9.6 -0.009 2.85 S-EVER –

Video discs and other media4, 5

................... -16.0 5.58 L-Jan.2020 -12.6

Rental of video discs and other media4, 5

. . . . . .. 2.7 1.16 S-May 2019 2.0

Pet services including veterinary4...................... 0.548 3.1 0.014 0.63 – –

Pet services4, 5......................................... 3.1 1.49 L-Aug.2019 3.3

Veterinarian services4, 5............................... 3.3 0.53 S-Jan.2019 2.5

Photographers and photo processing4

................ 0.045 0.5 0.000 1.40 L-Mar.2019 1.1

Photographer fees4, 5

.................................. 2.9 2.30 L-Aug.2016 3.0

Photo processing4, 5

................................... -3.1 1.42 S-Dec.2018 -3.2

Other recreation services4

............................... 1.932 2.2 0.042 1.03 L-Nov.2019 2.2

Club membership for shopping clubs, fraternal, or

other organizations, or participant sports

fees4

.................................................. 0.698 2.8 0.019 0.72 L-Jan.2020 3.0

Admissions............................................. 0.700 2.4 0.017 2.01 S-Jan.2020 1.6

Admission to movies, theaters, and

concerts4, 5

........................................ 3.1 1.29 – –

Admission to sporting events4, 5

.................. 2.7 4.22 S-Jan.2020 2.3

Fees for lessons or instructions8

.................... 0.212 0.5 0.001 1.95 S-Oct.2019 0.3

Education and communication services10................ 6.230 2.1 0.126 0.22 – –

Tuition, other school fees, and childcare.............. 2.912 2.3 0.067 0.33 S-Dec.2019 2.3

College tuition and fees............................... 1.569 1.7 0.027 0.46 S-Dec.2019 1.7

Elementary and high school tuition and fees. . . . .. 0.424 2.7 0.009 0.49 L-Jan.2020 2.7

Day care and preschool11............................ 0.764 3.5 0.027 0.46 – –

Technical and business school tuition and fees4... 0.036 2.1 0.001 0.38 L-Dec.2018 2.1

Postage and delivery services4

......................... 0.112 4.1 0.004 0.23 S-Jan.2019 3.1

Postage................................................. 0.102 4.3 0.004 0.25 – –

Delivery services4...................................... 0.010 1.3 0.000 0.84 S-Dec.2016 -2.0

Telephone services4..................................... 2.293 1.8 0.039 0.29 – –

Wireless telephone services4........................ 1.891 -0.1 -0.002 0.31 L-Jan.2020 -0.1

Land-line telephone services10....................... 0.402 7.9 0.041 0.72 S-Dec.2019 6.9

Internet services and electronic information

providers4

............................................... 0.901 2.1 0.016 0.93 L-Jan.2020 2.2

Other personal services10.................................. 1.654 2.8 0.045 0.36 L-Mar.2019 3.0

Personal care services.................................. 0.669 3.3 0.021 0.48 – –

Haircuts and other personal care services4

........ 0.669 3.3 0.021 0.48 – –

Miscellaneous personal services....................... 0.986 2.4 0.024 0.47 L-Mar.2019 2.9

Legal services8

......................................... 0.251 0.6 0.001 0.93 – –

Funeral expenses8

..................................... 0.140 1.6 0.002 0.63 S-Nov.2019 1.6

Laundry and dry cleaning services4................. 0.219 3.3 0.008 0.69 S-Sep.2018 3.0

Apparel services other than laundry and dry

cleaning4

............................................. 0.030 5.4 0.002 1.68 L-Mar.2019 5.6

Financial services8

..................................... 0.233 4.0 0.009 1.05 L-Feb.2019 9.1

Checking account and other bank services4, 5

... 2.2 0.22 L-Feb.2019 5.4

Tax return preparation and other accounting

fees4

, 5

.............................................. 7.4 1.83 L-Feb.2019 13.8

Special aggregate indexes

All items less food.................................................. 86.212 1.5 1.276 0.09 S-Feb.2019 1.5

All items less shelter................................................ 66.806 0.8 0.543 0.11 S-Sep.2019 0.8

All items less food and shelter.................................... 53.018 0.5 0.280 0.13 S-Jun.2019 0.5

All items less food, shelter, and energy.......................... 46.501 1.4 0.663 0.14 S-Jul.2019 1.3

All items less food, shelter, energy, and used cars and

trucks............................................................... 43.979 1.5 0.654 0.14 S-Sep.2019 1.5

All items less medical care........................................ 91.152 1.2 1.130 0.08 S-Sep.2016 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2020, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2020

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2019-

Mar. 2020

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2019-

Mar. 20201

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:3

Date Percent

change

All items less energy................................................ 93.483 2.1 1.922 0.08 S-Jul.2019 2.1

Commodities......................................................... 37.450 -0.3 -0.126 0.13 S-Jan.2019 -0.3

Commodities less food, energy, and used cars and

trucks............................................................ 17.718 -0.2 -0.032 0.24 S-May 2019 -0.3

Commodities less food.......................................... 23.662 -1.6 -0.389 0.19 S-Sep.2016 -1.6

Commodities less food and beverages........................ 22.636 -1.8 -0.404 0.20 S-Sep.2016 -1.8

Services.............................................................. 62.550 2.7 1.666 0.10 S-Aug.2019 2.7

Services less rent of shelter14.................................. 29.724 2.2 0.668 0.17 S-Dec.2019 2.2

Services less medical care services........................... 55.322 2.3 1.279 0.11 S-Sep.2015 2.3

Durables.............................................................. 10.683 -0.6 -0.054 0.27 – –

Nondurables......................................................... 26.767 -0.3 -0.072 0.16 S-Sep.2019 -0.4

Nondurables less food........................................... 12.979 -2.5 -0.335 0.27 S-Feb.2019 -2.7

Nondurables less food and beverages........................ 11.953 -2.8 -0.350 0.29 S-Feb.2019 -3.0

Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel............. 9.037 -3.3 -0.300 0.25 S-Sep.2019 -3.3

Nondurables less food and apparel............................ 10.063 -2.8 -0.286 0.23 S-Sep.2019 -2.9

Housing............................................................... 42.149 2.4 1.017 0.13 S-Jul.2016 2.4

Education and communication4

................................... 6.746 1.5 0.101 0.22 – –

Education4

......................................................... 3.019 2.1 0.064 0.34 S-Dec.2019 2.1

Communication4

.................................................. 3.726 1.1 0.038 0.32 L-May 2009 1.3

Information and information processing4

................... 3.614 1.0 0.033 0.33 L-May 2009 1.2

Information technology, hardware and services16......... 1.321 -0.5 -0.005 0.77 L-Apr.2019 -0.4

Recreation4.......................................................... 5.807 1.3 0.073 0.47 S-Sep.2019 1.0

Video and audio4................................................. 1.517 1.3 0.020 0.58 L-Dec.2019 1.6

Pets, pet products and services4

............................... 1.199 2.2 0.023 0.51 S-Nov.2018 2.2

Photography4...................................................... 0.073 4.3 0.003 1.34 L-EVER –

Food and beverages................................................ 14.814 1.9 0.278 0.14 L-Nov.2019 1.9

Domestically produced farm food.............................. 6.343 1.1 0.071 0.21 L-Oct.2019 1.1

Other services....................................................... 11.653 2.3 0.265 0.23 L-Jan.2020 2.4

Apparel less footwear.............................................. 2.238 -1.9 -0.048 1.05 S-Jan.2020 -1.9

Fuels and utilities.................................................... 4.341 -0.2 -0.007 0.34 S-Dec.2019 -0.2

Household energy................................................ 3.255 -1.2 -0.042 0.43 S-Aug.2019 -1.2

Medical care......................................................... 8.848 4.7 0.410 0.43 L-Sep.2016 4.9

Transportation....................................................... 15.582 -2.4 -0.381 0.16 S-Aug.2016 -4.0

Private transportation............................................ 14.277 -2.0 -0.290 0.17 S-Aug.2016 -4.2

New and used motor vehicles4

.............................. 7.268 -0.4 -0.026 0.26 L-Oct.2019 0.3

Utilities and public transportation................................. 8.941 0.1 0.011 0.23 S-Jun.2019 0.1

Household furnishings and operations........................... 4.613 0.6 0.028 0.37 S-Jun.2018 0.3

Other goods and services.......................................... 3.139 2.9 0.092 0.30 L-Aug.2010 2.9

Personal care..................................................... 2.552 2.3 0.058 0.37 L-May 2018 2.3

1 The ’effect’ of an item category is a measure of that item’s contribution to the All items price change. For example, if the Food index had an effect of

0.40, and the All items index rose 1.2 percent, then the increase in food prices contributed 0.40 / 1.2, or 33.3 percent, to that All items increase.

Said another way, had food prices been unchanged for that year the change in the All items index would have been 1.2 percent minus 0.40, or 0.8

percent. Effects can be negative as well. For example, if the effect of food was a negative 0.1, and the All items index rose 0.5 percent, the All items

index actually would have been 0.1 percent higher (or 0.6 percent) had food prices been unchanged. Since food prices fell while prices overall were

rising, the contribution of food to the All items price change was negative (in this case, -0.1 / 0.5, or minus 20 percent).

2 A statistic’s margin of error is often expressed as its point estimate plus or minus two standard errors. For example, if a CPI category rose 2.6

percent, and its standard error was 0.25 percent, the margin of error on this item’s 12-month percent change would be 2.6 percent, plus or minus

0.5 percent.

3

If the current 12-month percent change is greater than the previous published 12-month percent change, then this column identifies the closest prior

month with a 12-month percent change as (L)arge as or (L)arger than the current 12-month change. If the current 12-month percent change is

smaller than the previous published 12-month percent change, the most recent month with a change as (S)mall or (S)maller than the current month

change is identified. If the current and previous published 12-month percent changes are equal, a dash will appear. Standard numerical comparison

is used. For example, 2.0% is greater than 0.6%, -4.4% is less than -2.0%, and -2.0% is less than 0.0%. Note that a (L)arger change can be a

smaller decline, for example, a -0.2% change is larger than a -0.4% change, but still represents a decline in the price index. Likewise, (S)maller

changes can be increases, for example, a 0.6% change is smaller than 0.8%, but still represents an increase in the price index. In this context, a

-0.2% change is considered to be smaller than a 0.0% change.

4

Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.
5 Special indexes based on a substantially smaller sample. These series do not contribute to the all items index aggregation and therefore do not

have a relative importance or effect.

6

Indexes on a December 2007=100 base.

7

Indexes on a December 2005=100 base.

8

Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.

9

Indexes on a December 1993=100 base.

10 Indexes on a December 2009=100 base.

11 Indexes on a December 1990=100 base.

12 Indexes on a December 1983=100 base.

13 Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.

14 Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.

15 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.

16 Indexes on a December 1988=100 base.