FI L ED U.S. COURT OF APPEAL S EL EVENTH CI RCUI T DECEMBER 30, 2010 J OHN L EY CL ERK [DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE U

NITED STATE S COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELE VENTH CIRCUIT

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__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ No. 1 0- 12 99 1 Non -Arg um en t Ca le nd ar

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__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Agen cy No. A0 98 -7 39 -9 73

ANTONIO RAMIREZ-RECI NOS,
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Peti ti on er,

vers us
U.S. ATTO RNEY GENERAL,
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Res po nd en t.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Pet it io n fo r Rev ie w of a Deci si on of t he Bo ard of I m

m ig rat io n Ap pe al s

__

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (Dece m be r 30 , 20 10 )

Befo re TJ OFLAT, CARNES and MARCUS , Cir cu it Ju dg es

. PER CURI AM:Ant on io Ram ire z-Re ci no s se ek s rev ie w of th e Bo ard of Im m igrati on App eal s’s (BIA) de ni al of hi s ap p l ic at io n fo r as y lu m an d wit hh ol di ng of rem ov al

. Ram ire z-Re ci no s arg ue s th at : (1 ) ba se d on hi s ag e whe n he en te red th e Uni te d St at es , he es ta bl is he d ex tra or di na ry ci rcu m st an ces fo r hi s un ti m el y as y lu m ap pl ic at io n; an d (2 ) hi s ap pl ic at io n fo r wit hh ol di ng of rem ov al sh ou ld ha ve be en gr an te d be cau se he

was pe rs ecu te d in Gua te m al a. Afte r th or ou gh rev ie w, we di sm is s th e pe ti ti on in pa rt,

an d d en y it in pa rt.
W e m ay no t rev ie w a fin al or de r of rem ov al un le ss “ th e al ie n ha s ex ha us te d al l
ad m in is tra ti ve re med i e s a v a il ab le to th e al ie n as of rig ht .” 8 U.S.C. § 12 52 (d )(1 ).
The pe ti ti on er m

us t ad m in is tra ti ve ly ex ha

ust his arg um en ts by rai si ng th em be fo re th e
BIA. Am ay a-Art un du ag a v. U.S. Att ’y Gen ., 46 3 F.3 d 12 47 , 12 50 (1 1t h Ci r. 20 06 ).

W e la ck juri sd ic ti on to co ns id er un ex ha us te d arg um en ts , ev en if th e BIA co ns id ered
th os e arg um en ts su a sp on te . Id.

To ap pl y fo r as y lu m , an al ie n m us t “ de m on st rat e[] by c l e a r a nd co nv in ci ng

ev id en ce th at th e ap pl ic at io n ha s be en fil ed wit hi n 1 y ear aft er th e da te of th e al ie n’s
arri va l in th e Uni te d St at es .” Men do za v. U.S. Att ’y Gen ., 32 7 F.3 d 12 83 , 12 86 (1 1t h
Ci r. 20 03 ) (q uo ti ng 8 U.S.C. § 11 58 (a)( 2) (B))

. W e ha ve “ de te rm in ed th at [8 U.S.C. §] 1 15 8( a)(3 ) di ve st s [u s] o f juri sd ic ti on to rev ie w a de ci si on reg ard in g whe th er an
al ie n co m

pl ie d wit h th e on e-year ti m e li m it or es t a b l i s h e d ex tra or di na ry

2ci rcu m st an ces th at wou ld ex cu se hi s u nt im el y fil in g.” Id. at 12 87

. W e rev ie w th e Im

m ig rat io n Ju dg e’s (IJ ) an d th e BIA’s fact ua l de te rm in at io ns

un de r th e h ig hl y

de fere nt ia l s ub st an ti al ev id en ce t es t an d wi ll affi rm if th e de ci si on

“ is su pp or te d by reas on ab l e , s u b s t an ti al , an d pr ob at iv e ev id en ce on th e reco rd

co ns id ered as a who le .” Kazem zad eh v. U.S. Att ’y Gen ., 57 7 F.3 d 13 41 , 13 50 -5 1 (1 1t h Ci r. 20 09 ) (q uo ta ti on om it te d)

. Und er th e su bs ta nt ia l ev id en ce te st , we can on ly

rev ers e a fac tu al fin di ng if t he reco rd co m pe ls it . Id. at 13 51

. To qu al ify fo r wit hh ol di ng of rem ov al un de r th e INA, an al ie n m us t sh ow th at
if ret ur ne d to hi s co un try, hi s “ li fe or free do m wou ld be t h reat en ed in th at co un try
be cau se of [ hi s] race , rel ig io n, nat io na li ty, m em be rs hi p in a pa rti cu la r so ci al gro up ,

or po li ti cal op in io n.” Sep ul ve da v. U.S. Att ’y Gen ., 40 1 F.3 d 12 26 , 12 32 (1 1t h Ci r.
20 05 ) (q uo ti ng 8 U.S.C. § 12 31 (b )(3 )(A)). An al ie n m ay m ak e su ch a sh owi ng in on e
of two way s. Tan v. U.S. Att ’y Gen ., 44 6 F.3 d 13 69 , 13 75 (1 1t h Ci r. 20 06 ). “ Fi rs t,

an al ie n m ay es ta bl is h pa st pe rs ecu ti on in [h is ] co un try ba se d on a pr ot ect ed gr ou nd .”
Id

. (q uo ta ti on om it te d)

. Su ch pa st pe rs ecu ti on crea te s a reb ut ta bl e pr es um pt io n th at
th e al ie n ha s a “ well -fo un de d fear of fu tu re pe rs ecu ti on , an d th e bu rd en th en sh ift s to
th e [g ov ern m en t] to sh ow th at th e co nd it io ns in th e co un try ha ve ch an ge d or th e al ie n

co ul d avo id a fu tu re th reat th ro ug h rel oc at io n.” Id

. (q uo ta ti on om it te d)

. Seco nd , an
al i e n c a n sh ow “ th at it is m or e li ke ly th an no t th at [h e] wou ld be pe rs ecu te d on

3acco un t o f” a p ro te ct ed gro un d u po n re tu rn to hi s co un try. Id. (q uo ta ti on om it te d)

.

W e de fin e pe rs ecu ti on a s “an e xt rem e co nc ep t, req ui rin g m or e th an a few
is ol at ed in ci de nt s of ve rb al ha ras sm en t or in ti m id at io n.” Sep ul ve da , 40 1 F.3 d at 12 31 (q uo ta ti on s om it te d)

. To il lu st rat e, we reject ed a cl ai m of pe rs ecu ti on whe re an al ie n,
in ad di ti on to rece iv in g th reat s, was de ta in ed at a po li ce st at io n fo r 36 ho ur s an d was
ki ck ed an d be at en wit h a be lt , su ffer in g m ul ti pl e sc rat ch es an d br

ui se s. Djon da v.
U.S. Att ’y Gen ., 51 4 F.3 d 11 68 , 11 71 , 11 75 (1 1t h Ci r. 20 08 ). On th e ot he r ha nd , we

up he ld a pe rs ecu ti on cl ai m whe r e a n a li en rece iv ed nu m ero us de at h th reat s, was
dr ag ge d by he r ha ir o u t of he r car an d be at en , ha d he r gr ou nd sk eep er to rtu red an d

ki l l e d b y a t t ack ers lo ok in g fo r he r, an d was fu rth er ki dn ap ed an d be at en

. De
San ta m ari a v. U.S. Att ’y Gen ., 52 5 F.3 d 99 9, 10 08 -0 9 (1 1t h Ci r. 20 08 ). In ev al ua ti ng
whe th er h arm

co ns ti tu te s p ers ecu ti on , “ [w]e m ay co ns id er a t hr eat en in g a ct ag ai ns t

an ot he r as ev id en ce th at th e pe ti ti on er su ffer ed pe rs ecu ti on whe re th at act

co nc om it an tl y

th reat en s t he pe ti ti on er.” Id . at 1 00 9 n .7.

As an in it ia l m at te r, we la ck juri sd ic ti on to rev ie w th e de ni al of

Ram ire z-Re ci no s’s as y lu m ap pl ic at io n. Fi rs t, Ram ire z-Re ci no s di d no t rai se th is
is su e in hi s no ti ce of ap pe al to th e BIA or in hi s br ie f to th e BIA, an d he ha s th eref or e

no t ex ha us te d hi s ad m in is tra ti ve rem ed ie s as to th is is su e. See Am ay a-Art un du ag a,
46 3 F .3d at 12 50 ; 8 U.S.C. § 12 52 (d )(1 ). Seco nd , ev en if Ram ire z-Re ci no s ha d

4ex ha us te d hi s ad m in ist ra tiv e re m ed ie s, we la ck juri sd ic ti on to rev ie w whe th er an al ie n
ti m el y fil ed hi s as y lu m ap pl ic at io n or es ta bl is he d ex tra or di na ry ci rcu m st an ces to

ex cu se an un ti m el y

ap pl ic at io n. Se e Me nd oz a, 32 7 F .3d at 1 28 7. Accord in gl y , we
di sm is s t he asylu m

cla im in Ram ire z-Re ci no s’s p et it io n.
Turn in g to hi s wit hh ol di ng of rem ov al cl ai m , th e reco rd do es no t co m pe l

rev ers al of th e BIA’s fin al or de r to de ny wit hh ol di ng of rem ov al

. Ram ire z-Re ci no s’s

on ly ha rm was a si ng le br ui se on hi s face , whi ch was m uc h le ss se rio us th an be in g
de ta in ed at a po li ce st at io n fo r 36 ho ur s, be in g ki ck ed an d be at en wit h a be lt , an d

su ffer in g m

ul ti pl e sc rat ch es an d br ui se s, whi ch we ha ve he l d w a s no t pe rs ecu ti on

. Djon da , 51 4 F.3 d at 1171 , 1175. Alt ho ug h Ram ire z-Re ci no s’s m ot he r was ki dn ap pe d

i n h i s p res en ce, th ere was no ev id en ce th at th e ki dn ap pi ng was in te nd ed to ta rg et

Ram ire z-Re ci no s o r th at he was p ers on al ly at ris k o f be in g k id na pp ed

. Fu rt he rm or e, the ev iden ce es ta bl is he d th at th e co un try co nd it io ns in Gua tem al a
ha ve ch an ge d si nc e Ram ire z-Re ci no s was be at en an d hi s m ot he r was ki dn ap pe d. The

y ear aft er Ram ire z-Re ci no s le ft Gua te m al a , a p e ace tre at y was si gn ed whi ch

pr oh ib it ed th e us e of th e arm y to ad dr es s in te rn al th reat s. And , R am ire z-Re ci no s’s
fat he r ret ur ne d to Gua te m al a on e m on th aft er br in gi ng Ram ire z-Re ci no s an d hi s
si bl in gs to th e Uni te d St at es , an d th e fat he r ha s rem ai ne d in Gu at em al a si nc e th en
wit h n o i nc id en t.

5Bas ed on th is e v i d e n c e , Ram ire z-Re ci no s ha s fai le d to sh ow th at he wou ld

m or e li ke ly th an no t be pe rs ecu te d if he ret ur ne d to Gua te m al a. A c c or di ng ly, we
de ny his pe ti ti on as t o t hi s cl ai m

. DISMI SSED I N PART AND DENIE D IN PART.

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