Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-19-1573 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, September 6, 2019

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — AUGUST 2019 

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 130,000 in August, and the unemployment rate was 

unchanged at 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment in federal 

government rose, largely reflecting the hiring of temporary workers for the 2020 Census. Notable job 

gains also occurred in health care and financial activities, while mining lost jobs. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

In August, the unemployment rate was 3.7 percent for the third month in a row, and the number of 

unemployed persons was essentially unchanged at 6.0 million. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.4 percent), adult women 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, August 2017 – August 2019

Percent Thousands

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

Aug-17 Nov-17 Feb-18 May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Feb-19 May-19 Aug-19

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

August 2017 – August 2019

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Aug-17 Nov-17 Feb-18 May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Feb-19 May-19 Aug-19
 

-2- 

(3.3 percent), teenagers (12.6 percent), Whites (3.4 percent), Blacks (5.5 percent), Asians (2.8 percent),

and Hispanics (4.2 percent) showed little or no change in August. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.2 

million in August and accounted for 20.6 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate edged up to 63.2 percent in August but has shown little change, on 

net, thus far this year. The employment-population ratio, at 60.9 percent, also edged up over the month 

and is up by 0.6 percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) increased by 397,000 to 4.4 million in August; this increase follows a 

decline of similar magnitude in July. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time 

employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find 

full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

In August, 1.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little different from a year 

earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and 

were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 467,000 discouraged workers in August, about unchanged 

from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently 

looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 million persons 

marginally attached to the labor force in August had not searched for work for reasons such as school 

attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 130,000 in August. Job growth has averaged 158,000 

per month thus far this year, below the average monthly gain of 223,000 in 2018. In August, 

employment in federal government rose, largely reflecting the hiring of temporary workers for the 2020 

Census. Private-sector employment was up by 96,000, with notable job gains in health care and 

financial activities and a job loss in mining. (See table B-1.) 

In August, employment in federal government increased by 28,000. The gain was mostly due to the 

hiring of 25,000 temporary workers to prepare for the 2020 Census. 

Health care added 24,000 jobs over the month and 392,000 over the past 12 months. In August, 

employment continued to trend up in ambulatory health care services (+12,000) and in hospitals 

(+9,000). 

In August, financial activities employment rose by 15,000, with nearly half of the gain occurring in 

insurance carriers and related activities (+7,000). Financial activities has added 111,000 jobs over the 

year. 

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in August (+37,000). Within 

the industry, employment increased by 10,000 both in computer systems design and related services and 
 

-3- 

in management of companies and enterprises. Monthly job gains in professional and business services 

have averaged 34,000 thus far in 2019, below the average monthly gain of 47,000 in 2018. 

 

Social assistance employment continued on an upward trend in August (+13,000). Within the industry, 

individual and family services added 17,000 jobs. Social assistance has added 100,000 jobs in the last 6 

months. 

Mining employment declined by 6,000 in August, with nearly all of the loss in support activities for 

mining (-5,000). 

Retail trade employment changed little in August (-11,000). General merchandise stores lost 15,000 

jobs over the month and 80,000 jobs over the year. Building material and garden supply stores added 

9,000 jobs over the month. 

Employment showed little change over the month in construction, manufacturing, transportation 

and warehousing, and leisure and hospitality. Job growth in these industries has moderated thus far in 

2019 compared with 2018. 

In August, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 11 cents to 

$28.11, following 9-cent gains in both June and July. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings 

have increased by 3.2 percent. In August, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and 

nonsupervisory employees rose by 11 cents to $23.59. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.4 

hours in August. In manufacturing, the average workweek increased by 0.2 hour to 40.6 hours, and 

overtime declined by 0.1 hour to 3.2 hours. The average workweek of private-sector production and 

nonsupervisory employees increased by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised down by 15,000 from +193,000 

to +178,000, and the change for July was revised down by 5,000 from +164,000 to +159,000. With these 

revisions, employment gains in June and July combined were 20,000 less than previously reported. 

(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies 

since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job 

gains have averaged 156,000 per month over the last 3 months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for September is scheduled to be released on Friday, October 4, 2019, 

at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Change from:

July 2019-

Aug. 2019

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 258,066 259,037 259,225 259,432 207

Civilian labor force........................................................... 161,802 162,981 163,351 163,922 571

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.7 62.9 63.0 63.2 0.2

Employed................................................................... 155,604 157,005 157,288 157,878 590

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.3 60.6 60.7 60.9 0.2

Unemployed............................................................... 6,197 5,975 6,063 6,044 -19

Unemployment rate.................................................... 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 0.0

Not in labor force............................................................ 96,264 96,057 95,874 95,510 -364

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 0.0

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.4 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.3 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 12.7 12.7 12.8 12.6 -0.2

White.......................................................................... 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 6.3 6.0 6.0 5.5 -0.5

Asian.......................................................................... 3.0 2.1 2.8 2.8 0.0

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.7 4.3 4.5 4.2 -0.3

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.9 -0.1

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 5.7 5.3 5.1 5.4 0.3

High school graduates, no college........................................ 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.6 0.0

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.5 3.0 3.2 3.1 -0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 2,868 2,736 2,798 2,876 78

Job leavers...................................................................... 866 888 833 781 -52

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,864 1,868 1,810 1,801 -9

New entrants.................................................................... 586 541 595 574 -21

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,199 1,961 2,201 2,207 6

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,722 1,830 1,797 1,757 -40

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 927 769 905 835 -70

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,320 1,414 1,166 1,243 77

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,368 4,347 3,984 4,381 397

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,581 2,707 2,385 2,678 293

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,377 1,337 1,364 1,351 -13

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 21,803 21,524 21,437 21,697 260

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,443 1,571 1,478 1,564 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 434 425 368 467 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 178 159 130

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 161 131 96

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 27 -2 12

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 -2 -4 -5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 19 -2 14

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 10 4 3

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 9 2 0

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 -2.0 -1.5 0.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 1 2 3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 134 133 84

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.4 -1.1 7.3 2.9

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 -12.0 -5.1 -11.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.8 20.2 -0.3 -0.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 1.2 -0.5 -1.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6 13 0 0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3 20 15

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 43 36 37

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.9 -2.9 -7.9 15.4

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 48 71 32

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 39.9 47.0 36.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4 -3 12

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 15 7 -1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 17 28 34

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 152 133 156

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 146 124 129

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.7 49.8 49.9 49.9

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 48.5 48.5 48.5

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.3 82.3 82.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.4 34.3 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $27.23 $27.91 $28.00 $28.11

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $939.44 $960.10 $960.40 $966.98

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.0 111.1 110.9 111.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.4

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.1 148.3 148.5 149.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.7

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.1 59.9 57.8 53.5

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.5 59.9 53.9 51.3

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 142,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 689,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 

(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258,066 259,225 259,432 258,066 258,693 258,861 259,037 259,225 259,432

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,909 164,941 164,019 161,802 162,470 162,646 162,981 163,351 163,922

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 63.6 63.2 62.7 62.8 62.8 62.9 63.0 63.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,539 158,385 157,816 155,604 156,645 156,758 157,005 157,288 157,878

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 61.1 60.8 60.3 60.6 60.6 60.6 60.7 60.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,370 6,556 6,203 6,197 5,824 5,888 5,975 6,063 6,044

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,157 94,284 95,413 96,264 96,223 96,215 96,057 95,874 95,510

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,534 5,289 5,331 5,401 5,121 5,045 5,322 5,043 5,150

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,816 125,378 125,481 124,816 125,114 125,197 125,285 125,378 125,481

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,212 88,025 87,155 85,868 86,179 86,377 86,479 86,805 86,832

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 70.2 69.5 68.8 68.9 69.0 69.0 69.2 69.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,062 84,798 84,077 82,565 82,959 83,192 83,293 83,584 83,600

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.5 67.6 67.0 66.1 66.3 66.4 66.5 66.7 66.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,150 3,227 3,078 3,303 3,221 3,185 3,185 3,221 3,233

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,604 37,353 38,326 38,948 38,935 38,820 38,806 38,573 38,649

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,328 116,939 117,040 116,328 116,665 116,752 116,843 116,939 117,040

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,140 84,284 83,939 83,044 83,373 83,561 83,501 83,794 83,868

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.5 72.1 71.7 71.4 71.5 71.6 71.5 71.7 71.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,409 81,561 81,272 80,149 80,576 80,766 80,718 80,981 81,039

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 69.7 69.4 68.9 69.1 69.2 69.1 69.3 69.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,731 2,723 2,667 2,895 2,797 2,795 2,783 2,814 2,830

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,188 32,655 33,101 33,284 33,292 33,191 33,341 33,144 33,171

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,250 133,847 133,951 133,250 133,579 133,664 133,753 133,847 133,951

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,697 76,916 76,864 75,934 76,291 76,269 76,502 76,546 77,090

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 57.5 57.4 57.0 57.1 57.1 57.2 57.2 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,477 73,587 73,740 73,039 73,687 73,566 73,712 73,705 74,278

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.4 55.0 55.0 54.8 55.2 55.0 55.1 55.1 55.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,220 3,329 3,125 2,895 2,604 2,703 2,790 2,841 2,812

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,553 56,931 57,087 57,316 57,288 57,395 57,251 57,301 56,861

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,983 125,604 125,705 124,983 125,332 125,419 125,509 125,604 125,705

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,782 73,269 73,756 73,153 73,419 73,347 73,579 73,548 74,123

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 58.3 58.7 58.5 58.6 58.5 58.6 58.6 59.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,880 70,415 70,983 70,563 71,131 70,981 71,139 71,069 71,655

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 56.1 56.5 56.5 56.8 56.6 56.7 56.6 57.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,902 2,853 2,773 2,590 2,288 2,366 2,441 2,479 2,468

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,201 52,336 51,949 51,829 51,913 52,071 51,929 52,057 51,582

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,755 16,682 16,687 16,755 16,696 16,690 16,686 16,682 16,687

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,987 7,389 6,324 5,604 5,678 5,738 5,900 6,009 5,931

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.7 44.3 37.9 33.4 34.0 34.4 35.4 36.0 35.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,250 6,409 5,560 4,892 4,938 5,011 5,148 5,239 5,184

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.3 38.4 33.3 29.2 29.6 30.0 30.9 31.4 31.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737 980 763 712 740 726 751 770 747

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 13.3 12.1 12.7 13.0 12.7 12.7 12.8 12.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,767 9,293 10,363 11,151 11,018 10,953 10,786 10,673 10,756

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,356 200,843 200,953 200,356 200,576 200,658 200,746 200,843 200,953

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,462 127,549 126,920 125,347 125,900 125,980 126,244 126,345 126,765

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 63.5 63.2 62.6 62.8 62.8 62.9 62.9 63.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,040 122,968 122,439 121,074 121,944 121,883 122,125 122,144 122,471

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.4 61.2 60.9 60.4 60.8 60.7 60.8 60.8 60.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,421 4,580 4,481 4,272 3,957 4,097 4,119 4,201 4,293

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,894 73,294 74,033 75,009 74,676 74,678 74,502 74,498 74,188

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,601 66,301 66,119 65,527 65,802 65,973 65,928 65,994 66,066

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.5 72.1 71.8 71.4 71.6 71.8 71.7 71.7 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,702 64,399 64,252 63,513 63,896 64,042 64,009 64,005 64,094

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.4 70.0 69.8 69.2 69.6 69.7 69.6 69.6 69.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,899 1,902 1,867 2,014 1,906 1,931 1,919 1,989 1,972

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,100 55,479 55,839 55,372 55,671 55,526 55,704 55,663 56,063

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 57.4 57.8 57.5 57.7 57.5 57.7 57.6 58.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,100 53,481 53,798 53,616 54,133 53,869 53,993 53,988 54,286

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 55.4 55.7 55.7 56.1 55.8 55.9 55.9 56.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,000 1,998 2,042 1,757 1,538 1,657 1,711 1,675 1,776

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.2 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,761 5,768 4,962 4,447 4,427 4,482 4,612 4,687 4,636

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.7 47.1 40.5 36.1 36.1 36.6 37.7 38.3 37.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,239 5,088 4,389 3,945 3,915 3,972 4,123 4,151 4,091

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 41.6 35.9 32.1 31.9 32.4 33.7 33.9 33.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 680 573 501 512 510 489 536 545

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 11.8 11.5 11.3 11.6 11.4 10.6 11.4 11.8

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,810 33,045 33,081 32,810 32,955 32,984 33,014 33,045 33,081

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,452 20,942 20,645 20,384 20,589 20,562 20,430 20,714 20,588

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 63.4 62.4 62.1 62.5 62.3 61.9 62.7 62.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,114 19,622 19,503 19,108 19,219 19,280 19,199 19,481 19,463

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 59.4 59.0 58.2 58.3 58.5 58.2 59.0 58.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,338 1,319 1,143 1,276 1,370 1,282 1,231 1,233 1,125

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.3 5.5 6.3 6.7 6.2 6.0 6.0 5.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,358 12,103 12,435 12,426 12,366 12,421 12,584 12,331 12,492

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,431 9,600 9,546 9,394 9,456 9,422 9,303 9,502 9,490

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 69.1 68.7 68.3 68.3 68.0 67.1 68.4 68.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,884 9,061 9,005 8,828 8,811 8,833 8,768 8,953 8,931

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 65.3 64.8 64.2 63.7 63.8 63.2 64.5 64.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 540 540 565 645 589 535 549 559

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 5.6 5.7 6.0 6.8 6.3 5.8 5.8 5.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,345 10,388 10,346 10,356 10,411 10,469 10,396 10,421 10,379

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 62.2 61.9 62.5 62.5 62.8 62.3 62.4 62.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,690 9,800 9,858 9,769 9,859 9,934 9,846 9,877 9,926

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.7 59.0 59.0 59.2 59.6 59.0 59.2 59.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 588 488 587 552 535 550 544 453

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 5.7 4.7 5.7 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.2 4.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676 954 753 634 722 671 731 790 719

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.1 38.8 30.6 25.4 29.2 27.2 29.7 32.1 29.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 762 639 510 549 513 586 650 605

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.6 31.0 26.0 20.5 22.2 20.8 23.8 26.4 24.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 192 114 124 173 158 145 140 113

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 20.1 15.2 19.5 24.0 23.5 19.9 17.7 15.7

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,093 16,399 16,433 16,093 16,290 16,361 16,557 16,399 16,433

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,279 10,519 10,554 10,260 10,180 10,304 10,526 10,449 10,524

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.9 64.1 64.2 63.8 62.5 63.0 63.6 63.7 64.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,967 10,205 10,248 9,951 9,957 10,046 10,303 10,160 10,225

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 62.2 62.4 61.8 61.1 61.4 62.2 62.0 62.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 314 306 309 223 258 222 289 299

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.2 2.5 2.1 2.8 2.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,814 5,881 5,879 5,832 6,110 6,058 6,032 5,950 5,909

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 42,863 43,537 43,630 42,863 43,289 43,370 43,453 43,537 43,630

Civilian labor force................................ 28,219 29,097 29,065 28,253 28,546 28,689 28,855 28,896 29,082

Participation rate............................... 65.8 66.8 66.6 65.9 65.9 66.2 66.4 66.4 66.7

Employed....................................... 26,898 27,733 27,849 26,935 27,348 27,493 27,602 27,581 27,866

Employment-population ratio............... 62.8 63.7 63.8 62.8 63.2 63.4 63.5 63.4 63.9

Unemployed.................................... 1,322 1,365 1,216 1,317 1,198 1,196 1,253 1,314 1,216

Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 4.7 4.2 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.2

Not in labor force................................. 14,644 14,440 14,565 14,610 14,743 14,681 14,599 14,642 14,548

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,428 15,702 15,726 15,425 15,611 15,731 15,659 15,651 15,718

Participation rate............................... 79.7 79.9 79.8 79.7 79.9 80.4 79.8 79.6 79.8

Employed....................................... 14,899 15,133 15,244 14,852 15,028 15,188 15,093 15,017 15,186

Employment-population ratio............... 77.0 77.0 77.4 76.8 76.9 77.6 76.9 76.4 77.1

Unemployed.................................... 528 569 482 574 583 543 566 634 532

Unemployment rate......................... 3.4 3.6 3.1 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.6 4.0 3.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,513 11,869 12,034 11,608 11,762 11,810 11,885 11,929 12,113

Participation rate............................... 58.8 59.7 60.4 59.3 59.5 59.6 59.9 60.0 60.8

Employed....................................... 10,902 11,382 11,494 11,025 11,330 11,330 11,382 11,480 11,604

Employment-population ratio............... 55.7 57.2 57.7 56.3 57.3 57.2 57.3 57.7 58.2

Unemployed.................................... 611 487 540 582 432 480 503 449 509

Unemployment rate......................... 5.3 4.1 4.5 5.0 3.7 4.1 4.2 3.8 4.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,279 1,527 1,305 1,220 1,172 1,149 1,310 1,316 1,251

Participation rate............................... 32.4 38.3 32.6 30.9 29.5 28.9 32.9 33.0 31.3

Employed....................................... 1,097 1,218 1,111 1,058 989 975 1,126 1,084 1,076

Employment-population ratio............... 27.8 30.5 27.8 26.8 24.9 24.5 28.3 27.2 26.9

Unemployed.................................... 182 309 194 161 183 174 184 232 175

Unemployment rate......................... 14.2 20.2 14.9 13.2 15.6 15.1 14.0 17.6 14.0

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,307 9,812 10,062 10,310 9,996 9,915 10,025 9,975 10,032

Participation rate.................................. 46.3 46.3 47.3 46.3 45.3 44.6 45.4 47.1 47.1

Employed.......................................... 9,790 9,358 9,585 9,722 9,460 9,383 9,489 9,466 9,490

Employment-population ratio................. 44.0 44.2 45.0 43.7 42.8 42.2 43.0 44.7 44.6

Unemployed....................................... 516 455 477 588 536 533 536 509 542

Unemployment rate............................ 5.0 4.6 4.7 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.4

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,344 36,303 36,554 36,132 35,901 35,781 36,120 36,286 36,318

Participation rate.................................. 57.6 57.5 57.7 57.3 57.9 57.4 57.8 57.5 57.3

Employed.......................................... 34,919 35,005 35,252 34,718 34,662 34,522 34,715 34,982 35,023

Employment-population ratio................. 55.4 55.5 55.6 55.1 55.9 55.4 55.6 55.4 55.3

Unemployed....................................... 1,425 1,297 1,302 1,414 1,239 1,259 1,404 1,304 1,295

Unemployment rate............................ 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.6

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,930 37,213 37,404 37,296 37,290 37,614 37,200 37,222 37,710

Participation rate.................................. 64.9 65.0 65.1 65.6 64.6 65.3 64.7 65.0 65.6

Employed.......................................... 35,552 35,982 36,191 35,977 36,141 36,569 36,069 36,028 36,549

Employment-population ratio................. 62.5 62.8 63.0 63.2 62.6 63.5 62.7 62.9 63.6

Unemployed....................................... 1,378 1,230 1,213 1,320 1,149 1,045 1,132 1,194 1,161

Unemployment rate............................ 3.7 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.1 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 57,237 58,303 58,295 57,686 58,381 58,217 58,510 58,664 58,800

Participation rate.................................. 73.5 73.0 73.2 74.1 73.9 73.8 73.8 73.4 73.9

Employed.......................................... 55,906 56,844 56,891 56,508 57,179 56,980 57,275 57,399 57,551

Employment-population ratio................. 71.8 71.1 71.5 72.6 72.3 72.2 72.3 71.8 72.3

Unemployed....................................... 1,331 1,459 1,405 1,178 1,202 1,237 1,235 1,265 1,249

Unemployment rate............................ 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2019

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,151 18,776 17,283 16,890 1,868 1,886

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,388 9,196 8,250 8,110 1,138 1,086

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.0 49.0 47.7 48.0 60.9 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,031 8,873 7,944 7,821 1,087 1,052

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.2 47.3 46.0 46.3 58.2 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 323 307 289 51 34

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.6 4.5 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,763 9,580 9,033 8,780 730 800

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,159 4,360 3,420 3,619 740 740

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,343 3,478 2,804 2,989 539 490

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.4 79.8 82.0 82.6 72.9 66.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,213 3,339 2,698 2,866 515 473

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.3 76.6 78.9 79.2 69.6 63.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 140 106 123 24 17

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.4 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816 881 615 631 201 251

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,099 3,059 2,639 2,567 459 493

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,449 2,336 2,122 1,998 327 338

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.0 76.4 80.4 77.8 71.2 68.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,373 2,257 2,056 1,927 317 330

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.6 73.8 77.9 75.1 69.1 67.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 80 66 71 10 8

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.6 3.0 2.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649 723 517 569 132 155

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,573 7,162 7,315 6,915 258 247

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,551 1,429 1,508 1,380 44 49

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.5 19.9 20.6 20.0 16.9 19.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,481 1,387 1,440 1,345 41 43

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.6 19.4 19.7 19.4 15.7 17.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 41 68 35 3 6

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 2.9 4.5 2.6 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,022 5,733 5,807 5,535 214 198

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,320 4,195 3,909 3,789 411 406

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,044 1,953 1,816 1,744 228 209

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.3 46.6 46.5 46.0 55.5 51.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,963 1,890 1,749 1,684 214 206

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.4 45.1 44.7 44.4 52.1 50.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 63 67 59 14 3

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.2 3.7 3.4 6.2 1.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,276 2,242 2,093 2,045 183 197

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230,011 232,023 103,000 104,201 127,012 127,821

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,271 152,502 76,886 77,872 73,386 74,630

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 65.7 74.6 74.7 57.8 58.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,538 146,893 74,183 75,226 70,355 71,667

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 63.3 72.0 72.2 55.4 56.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,733 5,609 2,702 2,646 3,031 2,963

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.4 4.1 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,740 79,520 26,114 26,329 53,626 53,191

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2019

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 29,823 30,067 228,243 229,365

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,207 6,413 155,702 157,606

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.8 21.3 68.2 68.7

Employed............................................................................. 5,713 5,954 149,826 151,862

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 19.2 19.8 65.6 66.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 494 459 5,876 5,743

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.0 7.2 3.8 3.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,616 23,654 72,540 71,759

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,651 2,700 77,953 78,432

Participation rate..................................................................... 35.1 36.4 82.8 83.3

Employed............................................................................. 2,429 2,506 75,207 75,717

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 32.2 33.8 79.9 80.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 222 194 2,746 2,714

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.4 7.2 3.5 3.5

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,896 4,713 16,221 15,756

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,377 2,509 68,862 69,635

Participation rate..................................................................... 31.0 33.0 70.9 71.8

Employed............................................................................. 2,172 2,303 66,043 66,881

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 28.3 30.3 68.0 68.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 205 206 2,819 2,754

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.6 8.2 4.1 4.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,291 5,097 28,314 27,398

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,179 1,204 8,887 9,539

Participation rate..................................................................... 8.1 8.0 24.1 25.0

Employed............................................................................. 1,112 1,145 8,576 9,264

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.6 7.6 23.2 24.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 67 59 311 275

Unemployment rate............................................................... 5.7 4.9 3.5 2.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,429 13,843 28,006 28,605

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2019

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 42,695 42,764 20,671 20,498 22,023 22,266

Civilian labor force.................................................. 28,053 28,153 16,140 15,912 11,914 12,241

Participation rate.................................................. 65.7 65.8 78.1 77.6 54.1 55.0

Employed.......................................................... 27,110 27,272 15,716 15,524 11,395 11,747

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.5 63.8 76.0 75.7 51.7 52.8

Unemployed....................................................... 943 881 424 388 519 493

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.4 3.1 2.6 2.4 4.4 4.0

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,642 14,611 4,532 4,586 10,110 10,025

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 215,371 216,668 104,145 104,983 111,226 111,685

Civilian labor force.................................................. 133,856 135,866 70,073 71,242 63,783 64,624

Participation rate.................................................. 62.2 62.7 67.3 67.9 57.3 57.9

Employed.......................................................... 128,429 130,545 67,346 68,552 61,082 61,992

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.6 60.3 64.7 65.3 54.9 55.5

Unemployed....................................................... 5,427 5,322 2,726 2,690 2,701 2,632

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.2 4.1

Not in labor force.................................................... 81,515 80,802 34,072 33,741 47,443 47,061

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,465 2,569 2,501 2,346 2,394 2,432 2,320 2,402 2,400

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,660 1,707 1,665 1,534 1,687 1,724 1,482 1,577 1,560

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 789 821 817 771 690 690 778 779 789

Unpaid family workers........................... 17 42 19 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 153,074 155,816 155,315 153,376 154,271 154,314 154,725 154,904 155,528

Wage and salary workers1...................... 144,183 146,774 146,376 144,380 145,675 145,590 145,906 145,880 146,480

Government..................................... 20,218 20,006 20,362 20,785 20,831 20,730 20,952 20,823 20,913

Private industries............................... 123,965 126,768 126,014 123,584 124,892 124,870 124,901 125,012 125,602

Private households.......................... 782 808 869 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 123,183 125,960 125,145 122,806 124,075 124,064 124,115 124,224 124,745

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,812 8,995 8,863 8,872 8,569 8,711 8,766 8,945 8,891

Unpaid family workers........................... 79 46 76 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,319 4,102 4,316 4,368 4,654 4,355 4,347 3,984 4,381

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,521 2,387 2,623 2,581 2,891 2,646 2,707 2,385 2,678

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,268 1,374 1,252 1,377 1,446 1,339 1,337 1,364 1,351

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,991 20,038 20,138 21,803 21,322 21,366 21,524 21,437 21,697

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,263 4,017 4,237 4,311 4,589 4,241 4,258 3,878 4,295

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,492 2,329 2,560 2,546 2,865 2,565 2,669 2,323 2,634

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,263 1,354 1,242 1,367 1,437 1,333 1,326 1,350 1,337

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,653 19,656 19,727 21,501 20,985 21,038 21,188 21,049 21,322

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,539 158,385 157,816 155,604 156,645 156,758 157,005 157,288 157,878

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,250 6,409 5,560 4,892 4,938 5,011 5,148 5,239 5,184

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,971 2,154 2,050 1,776 1,723 1,704 1,756 1,704 1,835

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,280 4,254 3,510 3,118 3,198 3,294 3,398 3,559 3,360

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,289 151,976 152,256 150,712 151,707 151,747 151,857 152,050 152,694

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,122 14,787 14,337 13,829 14,192 14,303 14,291 14,233 14,057

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,167 137,189 137,918 136,816 137,481 137,369 137,547 137,837 138,508

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,902 99,911 100,626 100,328 100,687 100,636 100,665 100,373 101,042

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,200 35,369 35,806 35,352 35,582 35,616 35,708 35,486 35,937

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,568 32,904 33,062 32,655 32,918 32,961 32,973 33,044 33,149

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,134 31,638 31,759 32,322 32,187 32,059 31,985 31,842 31,956

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,265 37,278 37,292 36,489 36,794 36,733 36,882 37,464 37,467

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,062 84,798 84,077 82,565 82,959 83,192 83,293 83,584 83,600

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,653 3,237 2,804 2,416 2,383 2,426 2,575 2,603 2,561

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935 1,115 1,029 813 893 841 896 855 894

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,718 2,123 1,775 1,605 1,486 1,590 1,681 1,762 1,657

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,409 81,561 81,272 80,149 80,576 80,766 80,718 80,981 81,039

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,227 7,620 7,332 6,987 7,203 7,285 7,279 7,228 7,099

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,182 73,941 73,941 73,099 73,379 73,477 73,430 73,761 73,827

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,638 53,775 53,774 53,605 53,813 53,727 53,630 53,688 53,749

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,020 19,143 19,213 19,011 19,186 19,181 19,009 19,088 19,194

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,692 17,842 17,805 17,643 17,768 17,753 17,792 17,790 17,764

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,927 16,789 16,756 16,952 16,859 16,793 16,829 16,810 16,791

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,543 20,166 20,167 19,494 19,566 19,750 19,800 20,073 20,078

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,477 73,587 73,740 73,039 73,687 73,566 73,712 73,705 74,278

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,597 3,172 2,756 2,476 2,555 2,585 2,573 2,636 2,623

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,036 1,040 1,021 962 830 863 860 849 941

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,561 2,132 1,735 1,513 1,712 1,704 1,718 1,797 1,703

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,880 70,415 70,983 70,563 71,131 70,981 71,139 71,069 71,655

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,895 7,168 7,006 6,842 6,989 7,018 7,012 7,005 6,958

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,985 63,248 63,978 63,718 64,102 63,891 64,117 64,076 64,682

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,264 46,136 46,852 46,723 46,874 46,908 47,035 46,685 47,293

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,180 16,225 16,593 16,341 16,396 16,434 16,698 16,398 16,743

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,876 15,062 15,257 15,012 15,150 15,208 15,181 15,254 15,385

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,207 14,848 15,003 15,369 15,327 15,266 15,156 15,032 15,165

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,722 17,112 17,125 16,995 17,228 16,983 17,082 17,392 17,389

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,882 45,868 46,259 45,876 45,734 45,789 45,681 46,005 46,215

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,542 35,338 35,829 36,066 36,206 35,971 36,013 36,110 36,366

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,806 9,661 9,822 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,975 132,153 132,156 128,649 129,778 129,695 130,148 130,429 130,789

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,564 26,232 25,660 26,912 26,915 26,981 26,807 26,861 26,974

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,540 8,310 8,038 7,924 7,798 7,855 8,156 8,389 8,373

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.3

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,768 6,225 6,149 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,601 9,816 9,681 9,644 9,259 9,401 9,544 9,724 9,681

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 6,197 6,063 6,044 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 712 770 747 12.7 13.0 12.7 12.7 12.8 12.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 272 312 273 13.3 13.7 14.1 14.6 15.5 12.9

18 to 19 years.................................. 427 438 459 12.0 12.4 11.9 11.5 10.9 12.0

20 years and over................................ 5,485 5,293 5,297 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,013 1,032 1,065 6.8 6.5 7.0 6.3 6.8 7.0

25 years and over.............................. 4,451 4,268 4,207 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9

25 to 54 years............................... 3,327 3,225 3,210 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 1,512 1,377 1,348 4.1 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6

35 to 44 years............................. 963 963 944 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8

45 to 54 years............................. 852 885 917 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.8

55 years and over........................... 1,148 1,052 1,018 3.0 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.6

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,303 3,221 3,233 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 407 407 403 14.4 15.1 13.9 13.5 13.5 13.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 147 155 150 15.3 12.5 15.5 14.0 15.3 14.4

18 to 19 years.................................. 262 235 254 14.0 16.6 12.8 12.9 11.8 13.3

20 years and over................................ 2,895 2,814 2,830 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 570 591 607 7.5 7.7 8.3 7.4 7.6 7.9

25 years and over.............................. 2,307 2,221 2,199 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9

25 to 54 years............................... 1,710 1,705 1,709 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 811 737 734 4.1 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.7

35 to 44 years............................. 473 484 470 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.6

45 to 54 years............................. 427 483 506 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9

55 years and over........................... 596 517 490 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.4

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,895 2,841 2,812 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 305 363 344 11.0 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.1 11.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 125 157 123 11.5 15.0 12.6 15.2 15.7 11.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 165 203 205 9.9 8.3 11.0 10.1 10.1 10.8

20 years and over................................ 2,590 2,479 2,468 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 442 440 458 6.1 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.9 6.2

25 years and over.............................. 2,145 2,047 2,007 3.3 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 1,617 1,521 1,501 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 701 639 615 4.1 4.2 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.5

35 to 44 years............................. 491 480 475 3.2 2.6 2.7 3.3 3.0 3.0

45 to 54 years............................. 425 402 411 2.7 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6

55 years and over........................... 536 513 503 3.1 2.6 3.1 3.3 2.9 2.8

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 933 869 839 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8

Married women, spouse present1................. 916 816 831 2.5 1.8 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2

Women who maintain families2.................... 556 622 523 5.4 4.9 4.7 5.1 6.0 5.1

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 4,944 4,872 4,742 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,205 1,210 1,251 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.4

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2,885 2,986 2,906 2,868 2,651 2,664 2,736 2,798 2,876

On temporary layoff.............................. 893 1,050 863 855 717 869 801 836 817

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 1,992 1,935 2,042 2,013 1,934 1,795 1,935 1,963 2,059

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,337 1,362 1,389 1,351 1,302 1,289 1,358 1,361 1,397

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 655 573 653 663 632 506 577 602 661

Job leavers........................................... 967 877 865 866 737 803 888 833 781

Reentrants............................................ 1,869 1,881 1,801 1,864 1,926 1,870 1,868 1,810 1,801

New entrants......................................... 649 813 631 586 530 599 541 595 574

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 45.3 45.5 46.8 46.4 45.4 44.9 45.3 46.4 47.7

On temporary layoff.............................. 14.0 16.0 13.9 13.8 12.3 14.6 13.3 13.8 13.6

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 31.3 29.5 32.9 32.6 33.1 30.2 32.1 32.5 34.1

Job leavers........................................... 15.2 13.4 13.9 14.0 12.6 13.5 14.7 13.8 12.9

Reentrants............................................ 29.3 28.7 29.0 30.1 33.0 31.5 31.0 30.0 29.9

New entrants......................................... 10.2 12.4 10.2 9.5 9.1 10.1 9.0 9.9 9.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8

Job leavers........................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

New entrants......................................... 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,183 2,387 2,216 2,199 1,904 2,147 1,961 2,201 2,207

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,037 2,164 2,009 1,722 1,842 1,559 1,830 1,797 1,757

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,149 2,005 1,978 2,247 2,084 2,097 2,182 2,071 2,078

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 809 773 708 927 854 799 769 905 835

27 weeks and over............................... 1,341 1,232 1,270 1,320 1,230 1,298 1,414 1,166 1,243

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 22.2 18.7 21.7 22.6 22.9 24.1 22.2 19.6 22.1

Median duration, in weeks......................... 9.0 7.9 8.6 9.2 9.4 9.1 9.6 8.9 8.9

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 34.3 36.4 35.7 35.7 32.7 37.0 32.8 36.3 36.5

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 32.0 33.0 32.4 27.9 31.6 26.9 30.6 29.6 29.1

15 weeks and over.................................. 33.7 30.6 31.9 36.4 35.7 36.1 36.5 34.1 34.4

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 12.7 11.8 11.4 15.0 14.6 13.8 12.9 14.9 13.8

27 weeks and over............................... 21.0 18.8 20.5 21.4 21.1 22.4 23.7 19.2 20.6

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2019

Total, 16 years and over1............................................. 155,539 157,816 6,370 6,203 3.9 3.8

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 61,593 63,679 1,591 1,476 2.5 2.3

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 25,675 26,717 534 506 2.0 1.9

Professional and related occupations.......................... 35,918 36,962 1,057 970 2.9 2.6

Service occupations................................................ 27,032 27,416 1,317 1,178 4.6 4.1

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,302 33,484 1,320 1,337 3.8 3.8

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,786 15,777 575 625 3.5 3.8

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,517 17,707 745 712 4.1 3.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,685 14,549 579 601 3.8 4.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,155 1,115 91 50 7.3 4.3

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,508 8,415 357 398 4.0 4.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,021 5,019 131 152 2.5 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,927 18,688 887 955 4.5 4.9

Production occupations.......................................... 8,694 8,861 324 358 3.6 3.9

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 10,234 9,827 562 597 5.2 5.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2019

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 6,370 6,203 3.9 3.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 4,708 4,566 3.7 3.5

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 15 8 1.9 1.1

Construction.......................................................................... 328 361 3.4 3.6

Manufacturing........................................................................ 498 512 3.2 3.2

Durable goods..................................................................... 254 282 2.6 2.8

Nondurable goods................................................................ 244 229 4.3 3.9

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 874 799 4.3 4.1

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 247 308 3.4 4.2

Information............................................................................ 94 121 3.5 4.7

Financial activities................................................................... 266 217 2.7 2.1

Professional and business services............................................... 611 582 3.5 3.2

Education and health services..................................................... 743 668 3.1 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 808 728 5.8 5.0

Other services........................................................................ 222 262 3.2 3.8

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 126 63 7.2 3.8

Government workers................................................................... 584 659 2.8 3.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 304 283 3.0 2.8

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Apr.

2019

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.6

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.0 7.2

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2019

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2019

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 96,157 95,413 38,604 38,326 57,553 57,087

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,534 5,331 2,568 2,353 2,966 2,978

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 1,443 1,564 783 843 660 721

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 434 467 279 315 155 152

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,009 1,097 504 528 505 569

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,540 8,038 3,639 3,951 3,901 4,086

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.8 5.1 4.4 4.7 5.4 5.5

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,338 4,581 2,310 2,498 2,028 2,083

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,784 1,957 586 675 1,197 1,282

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 294 335 189 202 106 134

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,061 1,122 522 560 539 563

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Change

from:

July2019 -

Aug.2019p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,453 152,243 151,169 151,517 149,467 151,252 151,411 151,541 130

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,949 129,800 129,890 129,894 126,973 128,723 128,854 128,950 96

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,145 21,387 21,435 21,460 20,794 21,104 21,102 21,114 12

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757 762 763 762 742 756 752 747 -5

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 47.7 48.7 50.3 48.0 47.1 47.4 48.5 1.1

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707.3 713.9 714.0 711.4 694.0 708.8 704.2 698.6 -5.6

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.7 160.5 161.6 161.8 146.2 158.9 159.2 159.3 0.1

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198.5 199.1 197.4 197.4 194.0 194.8 193.5 193.2 -0.3

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.1 53.0 52.1 53.5 52.1 53.0 52.3 53.5 1.2

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.2 41.8 42.1 41.3 41.7 41.3 41.3 40.7 -0.6

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.2 104.3 103.2 102.6 100.2 100.5 99.9 99.1 -0.8

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360.1 354.3 355.0 352.2 353.8 355.1 351.5 346.1 -5.4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,587 7,699 7,750 7,764 7,337 7,502 7,500 7,514 14

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,678.8 1,685.4 1,699.9 1,706.2 1,642.6 1,656.7 1,659.9 1,668.7 8.8

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831.4 850.0 856.6 863.2 812.5 833.9 837.2 844.2 7.0

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847.4 835.4 843.3 843.0 830.1 822.8 822.7 824.5 1.8

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,128.4 1,134.0 1,135.1 1,144.1 1,062.6 1,081.7 1,075.3 1,079.7 4.4

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,780.1 4,879.9 4,914.8 4,913.5 4,631.6 4,763.4 4,764.9 4,765.6 0.7

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,103.4 2,127.1 2,141.9 2,135.2 2,035.4 2,069.8 2,071.4 2,066.7 -4.7

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,676.7 2,752.8 2,772.9 2,778.3 2,596.2 2,693.6 2,693.5 2,698.9 5.4

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,801 12,926 12,922 12,934 12,715 12,846 12,850 12,853 3

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,002 8,116 8,092 8,096 7,973 8,067 8,069 8,069 0

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410.2 412.0 413.3 411.8 408.0 409.3 409.5 409.5 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420.9 422.3 421.9 423.7 414.6 416.0 416.5 417.7 1.2

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378.4 382.3 379.3 378.6 378.4 380.8 379.8 379.0 -0.8

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,480.3 1,493.3 1,491.2 1,486.4 1,475.3 1,483.1 1,483.3 1,481.6 -1.7

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,129.3 1,147.5 1,144.2 1,139.0 1,125.7 1,141.5 1,137.6 1,135.9 -1.7

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,061.8 1,087.3 1,093.2 1,093.1 1,057.1 1,083.0 1,086.0 1,088.3 2.3

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 157.1 161.4 162.4 164.5 155.6 161.4 161.5 162.6 1.1

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.9 86.0 86.2 86.3 84.8 85.5 85.8 86.2 0.4

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371.7 380.3 382.9 381.2 370.1 378.3 379.8 379.8 0.0

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.2 425.5 427.9 427.4 413.0 423.9 425.2 426.2 1.0

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 34.1 33.8 33.7 33.6 33.8 33.7 33.4 -0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 402.3 403.4 406.4 404.9 400.8 402.6 403.4 403.6 0.2

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,711.5 1,750.4 1,727.4 1,743.3 1,710.0 1,741.0 1,742.1 1,742.8 0.7

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995.9 1,002.3 976.1 993.3 995.9 996.4 994.9 995.0 0.1

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396.5 395.7 395.4 395.6 393.1 391.8 392.8 392.3 -0.5

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610.7 621.9 620.1 619.3 609.6 617.7 617.7 618.4 0.7

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,799 4,810 4,830 4,838 4,742 4,779 4,781 4,784 3

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,655.2 1,644.7 1,663.0 1,671.0 1,616.2 1,633.4 1,634.5 1,634.1 -0.4

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.8 112.3 111.9 112.3 113.6 112.1 111.9 112.1 0.2

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.1 113.5 114.5 114.3 116.0 113.8 114.0 113.4 -0.6

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.3 108.7 107.1 106.8 112.2 108.1 107.9 107.5 -0.4

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.8 371.1 371.7 371.2 368.2 369.5 370.5 370.4 -0.1

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 431.3 422.3 421.4 421.2 430.2 421.3 419.9 419.8 -0.1

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.0 119.1 119.0 117.8 116.0 115.9 115.5 114.5 -1.0

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843.1 860.5 862.9 859.0 840.1 856.8 858.2 857.0 -1.2

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731.3 743.9 741.4 744.5 729.3 739.3 739.2 742.6 3.4

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307.3 313.6 317.4 320.2 300.0 308.8 309.8 312.6 2.8

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,804 108,413 108,455 108,434 106,179 107,619 107,752 107,836 84

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,661 27,831 27,801 27,748 27,693 27,815 27,817 27,806 -11

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,893.7 5,963.1 5,971.1 5,967.3 5,868.8 5,934.1 5,941.4 5,944.3 2.9

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,177.6 3,226.0 3,231.7 3,232.9 3,163.1 3,214.2 3,217.0 3,219.4 2.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,160.0 2,184.9 2,183.7 2,178.0 2,153.3 2,170.0 2,171.9 2,172.7 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Change

from:

July2019 -

Aug.2019p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556.1 552.2 555.7 556.4 552.4 549.9 552.5 552.2 -0.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,834.9 15,775.5 15,784.1 15,736.9 15,830.3 15,762.8 15,757.7 15,746.6 -11.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,036.3 2,062.2 2,065.2 2,063.1 2,024.3 2,048.8 2,049.7 2,050.8 1.1

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,305.8 1,311.1 1,314.6 1,315.1 1,300.8 1,308.2 1,309.7 1,310.0 0.3

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.1 168.3 167.0 164.1 158.4 159.1 158.2 157.7 -0.5

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 565.4 582.8 583.6 583.9 565.1 581.4 581.8 583.0 1.2

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 474.7 481.4 479.0 478.3 479.4 486.2 485.5 484.8 -0.7

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 485.0 462.7 458.1 455.6 490.0 468.4 463.0 460.1 -2.9

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,304.2 1,364.8 1,342.0 1,316.3 1,305.3 1,306.2 1,307.5 1,316.6 9.1

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,103.4 3,138.4 3,144.7 3,136.0 3,084.9 3,116.0 3,120.8 3,120.2 -0.6

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,051.8 1,039.4 1,036.3 1,036.2 1,059.7 1,042.2 1,043.5 1,044.6 1.1

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 944.8 963.4 966.4 965.8 933.0 952.0 954.4 954.8 0.4

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,366.9 1,301.4 1,318.1 1,317.0 1,365.1 1,324.5 1,323.5 1,320.6 -2.9

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559.0 544.0 545.8 553.6 569.4 557.3 558.0 561.3 3.3

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,092.3 2,998.2 3,011.7 3,008.4 3,108.3 3,048.0 3,043.1 3,028.3 -14.8

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,135.8 1,080.0 1,088.2 1,086.2 1,151.7 1,115.7 1,110.6 1,102.1 -8.5

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,956.5 1,918.2 1,923.5 1,922.2 1,956.6 1,932.3 1,932.5 1,926.2 -6.3

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844.4 843.5 844.3 836.2 834.8 834.5 831.8 829.3 -2.5

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572.1 576.1 572.5 570.4 576.1 578.7 576.9 575.2 -1.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,377.3 5,534.0 5,486.9 5,489.8 5,441.0 5,563.6 5,563.3 5,562.8 -0.5

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505.7 522.0 523.9 524.1 502.2 518.3 519.7 521.0 1.3

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.8 206.0 205.1 205.1 215.1 206.2 205.3 204.7 -0.6

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.7 66.3 67.3 68.0 64.9 64.2 64.6 65.1 0.5

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,517.5 1,534.5 1,538.9 1,537.5 1,495.3 1,520.9 1,521.2 1,516.7 -4.5

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426.3 487.4 422.8 422.5 487.2 492.8 484.3 484.3 0.0

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.6 48.1 48.4 47.8 48.5 48.1 48.1 47.7 -0.4

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 44.1 44.2 45.5 45.1 33.8 35.0 34.5 34.6 0.1

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 715.8 723.9 723.2 721.3 713.8 724.3 722.0 720.2 -1.8

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696.6 722.0 727.8 733.9 732.0 762.8 769.5 773.4 3.9

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,139.2 1,179.6 1,184.0 1,184.5 1,148.2 1,191.0 1,194.1 1,195.1 1.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.9 558.2 558.9 553.8 553.0 554.6 554.1 552.7 -1.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,851 2,837 2,848 2,856 2,826 2,828 2,828 2,828 0

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 737.4 743.5 745.8 748.3 733.1 742.7 741.9 743.4 1.5

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451.2 440.8 446.5 449.9 436.4 433.8 434.1 432.8 -1.3

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269.8 268.2 266.3 268.9 270.4 268.8 268.4 269.4 1.0

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748.7 717.2 712.0 708.2 746.7 716.8 710.9 707.3 -3.6

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330.1 331.6 338.2 336.2 328.8 331.8 335.9 335.0 -0.9

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.0 335.2 339.0 344.0 310.9 333.8 336.5 339.9 3.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,646 8,712 8,760 8,760 8,583 8,659 8,679 8,694 15

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,341.3 6,353.0 6,386.9 6,385.3 6,318.8 6,337.1 6,353.0 6,360.5 7.5

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.8 19.4 19.7 19.6 19.7 19.4 19.4 19.5 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,658.6 2,640.5 2,648.3 2,648.2 2,648.0 2,631.5 2,631.8 2,635.5 3.7

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,721.4 1,718.9 1,721.0 1,720.0 1,715.3 1,710.3 1,710.5 1,712.8 2.3

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,323.3 1,313.8 1,315.9 1,313.8 1,319.3 1,308.3 1,308.0 1,309.2 1.2

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 630.3 617.8 621.7 623.3 626.0 617.0 617.2 617.5 0.3

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 306.9 303.8 305.6 304.9 306.6 304.1 304.2 305.2 1.0

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 968.2 976.4 988.5 983.3 958.9 973.9 978.0 974.6 -3.4

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,694.7 2,716.7 2,730.4 2,734.2 2,692.2 2,712.3 2,723.8 2,730.9 7.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,304.3 2,359.0 2,373.4 2,375.0 2,263.7 2,321.5 2,325.8 2,333.5 7.7

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,688.6 1,724.5 1,736.8 1,741.1 1,667.7 1,707.7 1,712.2 1,719.0 6.8

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591.8 610.8 613.2 610.3 572.4 590.8 590.8 591.4 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Change

from:

July2019 -

Aug.2019p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.9 23.7 23.4 23.6 23.6 23.0 22.8 23.1 0.3

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,216 21,584 21,604 21,668 21,075 21,451 21,487 21,524 37

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,333.1 9,569.5 9,633.5 9,626.5 9,339.4 9,582.3 9,615.1 9,629.9 14.8

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,141.4 1,154.8 1,154.1 1,147.9 1,142.4 1,144.1 1,144.0 1,148.1 4.1

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 964.0 1,000.1 1,006.0 1,003.5 1,018.7 1,054.7 1,059.1 1,056.4 -2.7

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,503.2 1,536.2 1,544.4 1,541.2 1,483.2 1,517.5 1,520.2 1,521.2 1.0

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.8 149.9 148.8 148.4 144.6 148.9 148.9 148.5 -0.4

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,140.0 2,208.9 2,236.3 2,243.5 2,130.7 2,211.5 2,223.3 2,233.5 10.2

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,498.1 1,530.1 1,541.4 1,547.2 1,490.9 1,527.4 1,534.5 1,539.3 4.8

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702.9 734.0 741.7 738.5 697.3 727.0 730.5 732.6 2.1

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 493.6 493.1 492.3 492.6 491.0 490.6 490.0 490.2 0.2

Other professional and technical services. . . 745.1 762.4 768.5 763.7 740.7 760.7 764.5 760.1 -4.4

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,391.9 2,435.2 2,440.6 2,441.9 2,382.9 2,419.4 2,421.0 2,431.3 10.3

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,490.6 9,579.7 9,529.6 9,599.2 9,352.6 9,448.8 9,450.5 9,462.6 12.1

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 9,044.7 9,117.6 9,063.5 9,131.8 8,912.4 8,992.6 8,992.6 9,001.5 8.9

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 518.5 534.0 534.1 533.8 517.6 530.4 532.0 532.5 0.5

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.9 155.9 157.1 160.5 153.8 156.9 157.6 158.9 1.3

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,703.9 3,709.6 3,653.5 3,733.8 3,683.9 3,706.3 3,704.4 3,715.5 11.1

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,027.6 3,025.7 2,969.8 3,046.6 3,017.0 3,029.4 3,021.5 3,036.9 15.4

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888.7 878.8 880.1 877.0 899.3 894.6 894.2 888.1 -6.1

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.7 219.0 218.1 216.1 219.6 215.2 214.6 214.2 -0.4

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 953.4 954.3 953.6 956.4 948.4 953.7 953.1 952.3 -0.8

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,275.2 2,322.5 2,327.8 2,313.9 2,163.6 2,198.1 2,199.5 2,202.1 2.6

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328.4 343.5 339.2 340.3 326.2 337.5 337.4 338.0 0.6

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445.9 462.1 466.1 467.4 440.2 456.2 457.9 461.1 3.2

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,444 24,032 23,944 24,021 23,754 24,224 24,295 24,327 32

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,454.1 3,581.8 3,489.5 3,498.4 3,761.7 3,787.9 3,811.7 3,806.3 -5.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,990.0 20,450.0 20,454.2 20,523.0 19,992.2 20,436.5 20,483.5 20,520.3 36.8

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,069.7 16,401.1 16,431.2 16,462.1 16,044.6 16,383.4 16,412.8 16,436.7 23.9

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,532.5 7,756.3 7,770.1 7,787.1 7,525.5 7,746.4 7,769.6 7,781.7 12.1

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,624.7 2,684.0 2,687.8 2,687.1 2,623.6 2,684.4 2,685.6 2,687.5 1.9

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962.4 984.0 984.6 989.0 958.8 981.6 985.1 986.7 1.6

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 937.4 970.0 972.4 973.7 934.1 966.5 972.5 971.3 -1.2

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938.9 969.9 973.1 972.6 938.3 970.1 972.7 973.4 0.7

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 279.6 291.3 292.4 292.2 280.3 290.6 291.7 292.6 0.9

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,482.5 1,544.3 1,546.7 1,558.7 1,481.8 1,541.6 1,549.3 1,556.1 6.8

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307.0 312.8 313.1 313.8 308.7 311.6 312.7 313.9 1.2

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,158.5 5,243.1 5,248.2 5,256.0 5,155.8 5,242.8 5,244.4 5,253.2 8.8

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,378.7 3,401.7 3,412.9 3,419.0 3,363.3 3,394.2 3,398.8 3,401.8 3.0

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,613.0 1,609.4 1,613.6 1,616.8 1,605.2 1,607.7 1,608.7 1,608.6 -0.1

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 647.8 655.7 657.3 655.8 646.2 653.2 654.3 654.2 -0.1

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950.7 967.1 970.7 975.0 946.6 964.6 966.6 969.4 2.8

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 167.2 169.5 171.3 171.4 165.3 168.6 169.2 169.5 0.3

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,920.3 4,048.9 4,023.0 4,060.9 3,947.6 4,053.1 4,070.7 4,083.6 12.9

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,473.5 2,565.0 2,572.7 2,589.6 2,474.4 2,557.4 2,569.9 2,587.0 17.1

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 176.5 178.8 178.6 178.7 176.6 178.8 178.6 178.3 -0.3

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 335.2 330.7 332.0 329.2 330.8 327.2 325.9 325.0 -0.9

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935.1 974.4 939.7 963.4 965.9 989.7 996.3 993.3 -3.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,096 17,403 17,478 17,398 16,395 16,703 16,700 16,712 12

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,697.6 2,753.5 2,818.4 2,743.7 2,391.6 2,447.4 2,445.0 2,444.3 -0.7

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 526.4 553.2 538.2 533.7 499.1 517.3 510.3 509.5 -0.8

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.6 190.8 193.5 187.4 170.1 174.9 174.8 175.0 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Change

from:

July2019 -

Aug.2019p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,988.6 2,009.5 2,086.7 2,022.6 1,722.4 1,755.2 1,759.9 1,759.8 -0.1

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,398.1 14,649.0 14,659.5 14,654.0 14,003.0 14,255.5 14,255.1 14,267.3 12.2

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,180.5 2,172.8 2,220.1 2,202.6 2,036.9 2,066.2 2,058.8 2,059.1 0.3

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 12,217.6 12,476.2 12,439.4 12,451.4 11,966.1 12,189.3 12,196.3 12,208.2 11.9

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,890 6,014 6,020 5,983 5,853 5,939 5,946 5,945 -1

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,332.4 1,368.4 1,372.0 1,367.6 1,331.4 1,358.9 1,364.9 1,365.5 0.6

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,519.9 1,549.4 1,543.2 1,540.4 1,513.6 1,532.8 1,533.4 1,534.6 1.2

Membership associations and organizations. . . 3,037.8 3,096.0 3,104.5 3,074.8 3,008.1 3,047.3 3,047.6 3,045.1 -2.5

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,504 22,443 21,279 21,623 22,494 22,529 22,557 22,591 34

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,805.0 2,832.0 2,834.0 2,855.0 2,796.0 2,817.0 2,819.0 2,847.0 28.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,201.2 2,225.3 2,227.1 2,250.7 2,190.1 2,208.3 2,210.9 2,238.2 27.3

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.9 606.4 607.3 604.7 605.8 608.9 608.5 608.3 -0.2

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,915.0 4,906.0 4,843.0 4,916.0 5,190.0 5,165.0 5,177.0 5,183.0 6.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,202.9 2,188.9 2,123.9 2,197.8 2,495.2 2,466.9 2,475.9 2,482.4 6.5

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,712.1 2,717.0 2,719.5 2,718.4 2,694.5 2,698.0 2,700.7 2,700.2 -0.5

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,784.0 14,705.0 13,602.0 13,852.0 14,508.0 14,547.0 14,561.0 14,561.0 0.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,084.6 7,941.7 6,786.8 7,102.0 7,993.4 7,978.2 7,993.4 7,994.7 1.3

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,699.6 6,763.3 6,815.4 6,749.8 6,515.0 6,568.8 6,567.2 6,565.9 -1.3

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.4 34.3 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.5 40.4 40.2 40.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.1 46.5 46.3 46.3

Construction....................................................................... 39.2 39.3 39.1 39.4

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.0 40.7 40.4 40.6

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.4 41.1 40.9 41.0

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.3 40.0 39.6 39.8

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.2 33.2 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.5 34.2 34.2 34.3

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.1 38.9 38.8 38.8

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.9 30.7 30.7 30.8

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 39.1 38.4 38.2 38.4

Utilities........................................................................... 42.0 42.6 42.0 42.4

Information......................................................................... 36.1 36.4 36.1 36.3

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.5 37.5 37.7

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.2 36.1 36.3

Education and health services.................................................. 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.1 25.9 25.8 25.9

Other services..................................................................... 31.8 31.8 31.8 31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Total private............................................... $27.23 $27.91 $28.00 $28.11 $939.44 $960.10 $960.40 $966.98

Goods-producing....................................... 28.33 28.98 29.05 29.13 1,147.37 1,170.79 1,167.81 1,176.85

Mining and logging.................................. 32.67 33.75 34.25 34.06 1,506.09 1,569.38 1,585.78 1,576.98

Construction.......................................... 30.02 30.71 30.72 30.84 1,176.78 1,206.90 1,201.15 1,215.10

Manufacturing........................................ 27.11 27.69 27.76 27.83 1,111.51 1,126.98 1,121.50 1,129.90

Durable goods.................................... 28.49 29.16 29.21 29.30 1,179.49 1,198.48 1,194.69 1,201.30

Nondurable goods................................ 24.71 25.13 25.23 25.28 995.81 1,005.20 999.11 1,006.14

Private service-providing.............................. 26.97 27.66 27.75 27.86 898.10 918.31 921.30 927.74

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 23.46 24.23 24.31 24.40 809.37 828.67 831.40 836.92

Wholesale trade.................................. 30.59 31.45 31.48 31.71 1,196.07 1,223.41 1,221.42 1,230.35

Retail trade........................................ 18.87 19.65 19.75 19.75 583.08 603.26 606.33 608.30

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.40 24.85 25.00 25.12 954.04 954.24 955.00 964.61

Utilities............................................. 40.92 41.80 41.65 41.94 1,718.64 1,780.68 1,749.30 1,778.26

Information........................................... 40.04 41.67 42.05 42.37 1,445.44 1,516.79 1,518.01 1,538.03

Financial activities................................... 34.92 35.96 36.00 36.32 1,312.99 1,348.50 1,350.00 1,369.26

Professional and business services.............. 32.82 33.56 33.71 33.84 1,184.80 1,214.87 1,216.93 1,228.39

Education and health services..................... 27.13 27.47 27.54 27.58 895.29 906.51 908.82 910.14

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.05 16.55 16.58 16.62 418.91 428.65 427.76 430.46

Other services....................................... 24.59 24.96 24.98 25.07 781.96 793.73 794.36 797.23

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

July

2019 -

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

July

2019 -

Aug.

2019p

Total private..................................... 110.0 111.1 110.9 111.3 0.4 143.1 148.3 148.5 149.6 0.7

Goods-producing............................. 95.9 97.1 96.6 97.2 0.6 122.9 127.2 126.9 128.0 0.9

Mining and logging........................ 107.5 110.5 109.4 108.7 -0.6 141.0 149.7 150.4 148.6 -1.2

Construction................................ 99.1 101.6 101.1 102.1 1.0 129.3 135.6 134.9 136.8 1.4

Manufacturing.............................. 93.8 94.1 93.4 93.9 0.5 118.2 121.1 120.6 121.5 0.7

Durable goods........................... 92.9 93.3 92.9 93.1 0.2 117.6 120.9 120.5 121.2 0.6

Nondurable goods...................... 95.4 95.4 94.5 95.0 0.5 119.6 121.7 121.0 121.9 0.7

Private service-providing.................... 113.8 114.9 115.1 115.5 0.3 149.1 154.5 155.2 156.4 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 104.2 103.7 103.7 104.0 0.3 131.7 135.5 135.9 136.8 0.7

Wholesale trade......................... 101.2 101.8 101.7 101.7 0.0 129.5 133.9 133.9 134.9 0.7

Retail trade.............................. 99.3 98.3 98.2 98.5 0.3 123.9 127.6 128.2 128.5 0.2

Transportation and warehousing...... 121.6 122.1 121.5 122.1 0.5 150.5 153.9 154.0 155.6 1.0

Utilities.................................... 100.5 102.2 100.7 101.4 0.7 135.9 141.2 138.6 140.5 1.4

Information................................. 93.2 94.0 93.2 93.8 0.6 132.8 139.5 139.6 141.4 1.3

Financial activities......................... 105.7 106.3 106.6 107.3 0.7 144.0 149.2 149.7 152.1 1.6

Professional and business services..... 119.3 121.8 121.6 122.5 0.7 158.5 165.5 166.0 167.9 1.1

Education and health services........... 128.0 130.5 130.9 131.1 0.2 167.1 172.5 173.4 173.9 0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 122.1 123.4 122.9 123.5 0.5 158.1 164.8 164.4 165.6 0.7

Other services............................. 107.3 108.9 109.0 109.0 0.0 144.6 149.0 149.3 149.8 0.3

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Total nonfarm............................................. 74,229 75,381 75,534 75,594 49.7 49.8 49.9 49.9

Total private............................................ 61,273 62,387 62,507 62,575 48.3 48.5 48.5 48.5

Goods-producing.................................... 4,602 4,710 4,727 4,728 22.1 22.3 22.4 22.4

Mining and logging............................... 93 99 100 99 12.5 13.1 13.3 13.3

Construction....................................... 939 973 977 977 12.8 13.0 13.0 13.0

Manufacturing..................................... 3,570 3,638 3,650 3,652 28.1 28.3 28.4 28.4

Durable goods.................................. 1,894 1,938 1,946 1,950 23.8 24.0 24.1 24.2

Nondurable goods............................. 1,676 1,700 1,704 1,702 35.3 35.6 35.6 35.6

Private service-providing........................... 56,671 57,677 57,780 57,847 53.4 53.6 53.6 53.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,113 11,143 11,157 11,149 40.1 40.1 40.1 40.1

Wholesale trade................................ 1,752.4 1,786.8 1,791.7 1,790.2 29.9 30.1 30.2 30.1

Retail trade..................................... 7,875.2 7,816.6 7,811.6 7,799.0 49.7 49.6 49.6 49.5

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,355.7 1,406.4 1,420.2 1,427.0 24.9 25.3 25.5 25.7

Utilities........................................... 129.2 132.8 133.4 132.7 23.4 23.9 24.1 24.0

Information......................................... 1,115 1,124 1,130 1,137 39.5 39.7 40.0 40.2

Financial activities................................ 4,856 4,892 4,901 4,903 56.6 56.5 56.5 56.4

Professional and business services............ 9,538 9,774 9,792 9,815 45.3 45.6 45.6 45.6

Education and health services.................. 18,314 18,714 18,767 18,807 77.1 77.3 77.2 77.3

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,620 8,861 8,859 8,859 52.6 53.1 53.0 53.0

Other services..................................... 3,115 3,169 3,174 3,177 53.2 53.4 53.4 53.4

Government............................................. 12,956 12,994 13,027 13,019 57.6 57.7 57.8 57.6

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Total private............................................................................... 104,624 105,969 106,077 106,145

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,934 15,111 15,107 15,119

Mining and logging.................................................................. 553 555 550 546

Construction.......................................................................... 5,467 5,583 5,587 5,597

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,914 8,973 8,970 8,976

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,481 5,549 5,548 5,553

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,433 3,424 3,422 3,423

Private service-providing.............................................................. 89,690 90,858 90,970 91,026

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,425 23,532 23,541 23,531

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,710.6 4,768.7 4,769.0 4,774.5

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,523.8 13,458.8 13,454.9 13,434.9

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,747.3 4,859.3 4,873.1 4,878.0

Utilities.............................................................................. 442.9 444.8 444.0 444.0

Information............................................................................ 2,278 2,279 2,280 2,282

Financial activities................................................................... 6,646 6,699 6,714 6,724

Professional and business services............................................... 17,199 17,457 17,477 17,492

Education and health services..................................................... 20,866 21,283 21,341 21,375

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,428 14,689 14,695 14,701

Other services........................................................................ 4,848 4,919 4,922 4,921

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.8 33.6 33.5 33.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.5 41.2 41.0 41.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 47.0 47.3 47.3 47.2

Construction....................................................................... 39.8 39.9 39.6 39.8

Manufacturing..................................................................... 42.2 41.7 41.5 41.6

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.6 42.0 41.9 42.0

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.6 41.1 41.0 41.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.5 32.4 32.3 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.0 33.8 33.7 33.8

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.0 38.7 38.6 38.6

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.4 30.3 30.2 30.4

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.4 37.9 37.7 37.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.8 42.2 41.9 42.5

Information......................................................................... 35.6 35.5 35.0 35.1

Financial activities................................................................ 37.1 36.7 36.7 36.8

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.5 35.4 35.6

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.9 24.7 24.6 24.6

Other services..................................................................... 30.9 30.8 30.8 30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Total private............................................... $22.80 $23.43 $23.48 $23.59 $770.64 $787.25 $786.58 $792.62

Goods-producing....................................... 24.05 24.72 24.73 24.81 998.08 1,018.46 1,013.93 1,019.69

Mining and logging.................................. 28.51 29.85 29.74 30.04 1,339.97 1,411.91 1,406.70 1,417.89

Construction.......................................... 27.85 28.46 28.42 28.54 1,108.43 1,135.55 1,125.43 1,135.89

Manufacturing........................................ 21.55 22.13 22.19 22.23 909.41 922.82 920.89 924.77

Durable goods.................................... 22.55 23.05 23.08 23.11 960.63 968.10 967.05 970.62

Nondurable goods................................ 19.92 20.61 20.70 20.77 828.67 847.07 848.70 851.57

Private service-providing.............................. 22.53 23.15 23.22 23.34 732.23 750.06 750.01 756.22

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 20.00 20.66 20.69 20.81 680.00 698.31 697.25 703.38

Wholesale trade.................................. 25.30 26.17 26.11 26.40 986.70 1,012.78 1,007.85 1,019.04

Retail trade........................................ 16.00 16.59 16.64 16.72 486.40 502.68 502.53 508.29

Transportation and warehousing............... 21.90 22.53 22.59 22.62 840.96 853.89 851.64 855.04

Utilities............................................. 36.96 36.73 36.80 36.95 1,581.89 1,550.01 1,541.92 1,570.38

Information........................................... 32.04 33.52 33.52 33.87 1,140.62 1,189.96 1,173.20 1,188.84

Financial activities................................... 26.95 27.67 27.74 27.87 999.85 1,015.49 1,018.06 1,025.62

Professional and business services.............. 26.92 27.71 27.82 28.00 952.97 983.71 984.83 996.80

Education and health services..................... 23.75 24.13 24.22 24.26 764.75 776.99 779.88 778.75

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.94 14.43 14.47 14.53 347.11 356.42 355.96 357.44

Other services....................................... 20.82 21.20 21.17 21.30 643.34 652.96 652.04 656.04

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

July

2019 -

Aug.

2019p

Aug.

2018

June

2019

July

2019p

Aug.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

July

2019 -

Aug.

2019p

Total private..................................... 117.8 118.6 118.4 118.8 0.3 179.5 185.7 185.8 187.3 0.8

Goods-producing............................. 94.7 95.1 94.7 95.0 0.3 139.5 144.0 143.3 144.3 0.7

Mining and logging........................ 138.1 139.5 138.2 136.9 -0.9 229.0 242.2 239.1 239.3 0.1

Construction................................ 108.9 111.5 110.8 111.5 0.6 163.8 171.4 170.0 171.9 1.1

Manufacturing.............................. 86.4 85.9 85.5 85.7 0.2 121.7 124.3 124.0 124.6 0.5

Durable goods........................... 87.7 87.6 87.3 87.6 0.3 123.5 126.0 125.8 126.4 0.5

Nondurable goods...................... 84.1 82.9 82.7 82.7 0.0 118.4 120.8 120.9 121.4 0.4

Private service-providing.................... 124.1 125.4 125.1 125.6 0.4 191.8 199.0 199.3 201.0 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 111.2 111.1 110.8 111.1 0.3 158.8 163.8 163.6 165.0 0.9

Wholesale trade......................... 109.0 109.5 109.3 109.4 0.1 162.8 169.2 168.4 170.4 1.2

Retail trade.............................. 104.0 103.2 102.8 103.4 0.6 142.6 146.7 146.6 148.1 1.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 137.1 138.5 138.2 138.7 0.4 190.4 197.9 198.0 199.0 0.5

Utilities.................................... 96.9 96.0 95.1 96.5 1.5 149.6 147.2 146.1 148.8 1.8

Information................................. 92.6 92.3 91.1 91.4 0.3 146.8 153.2 151.1 153.3 1.5

Financial activities......................... 116.1 115.7 116.0 116.5 0.4 192.5 197.0 198.0 199.7 0.9

Professional and business services..... 136.1 138.6 138.3 139.2 0.7 217.9 228.3 228.9 231.8 1.3

Education and health services........... 143.3 146.1 146.5 146.3 -0.1 224.6 232.7 234.2 234.3 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 131.6 132.9 132.4 132.5 0.1 208.3 217.8 217.6 218.6 0.5

Other services............................. 105.1 106.3 106.3 106.3 0.0 159.4 164.1 164.0 165.0 0.6

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.