Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-20-1310 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, July 2, 2020

Technical information: 

Household data: cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

(NOTE: BLS reissued this news release on September 23, 2020, to address minor data errors 

associated with the introduction in January 2020 of a new occupation classification system. The 

corrections affected a limited number of data series presented in tables A-8, A-9, A-13, and A-14 

of this release; for the vast majority of these series, the impact was negligible. Most major series, 

including the official unemployment rate, were not affected. Estimates in the BLS online database 

were corrected for January–July 2020. For more information on these corrections, see 

www.bls.gov/bls/errata/revision-to-current-population-survey-estimates-for-January-throughJuly-2020.htm .) 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — JUNE 2020

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 4.8 million in June, and the unemployment rate declined 

to 11.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. These improvements in the labor 

market reflected the continued resumption of economic activity that had been curtailed in March and

April due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain it. In June, employment in 

leisure and hospitality rose sharply. Notable job gains also occurred in retail trade, education and health 

services, other services, manufacturing, and professional and business services. 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

June 2018 – June 2020

Percent

-25,000

-20,000

-15,000

-10,000

-5,000

0

5,000

10,000

Jun-18 Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Jun-19 Sep-19 Dec-19 Mar-20 Jun-20

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, June 2018 – June 2020

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Jun-18 Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Jun-19 Sep-19 Dec-19 Mar-20 Jun-20
 

-2-

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note. 

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate declined by 2.2 percentage points to 11.1 percent in June, and the number of 

unemployed persons fell by 3.2 million to 17.8 million. Although unemployment fell in May and June, 

the jobless rate and the number of unemployed are up by 7.6 percentage points and 12.0 million, 

respectively, since February. (See table A-1. For more information about how the household survey and 

its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the box note on page 6.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates declined in June for adult men (10.2 

percent), adult women (11.2 percent), teenagers (23.2 percent), Whites (10.1 percent), Blacks (15.4 

percent), and Hispanics (14.5 percent). The jobless rate for Asians (13.8 percent) changed little over the 

month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of unemployed persons who were on temporary layoff decreased by 4.8 million in June to 

10.6 million, following a decline of 2.7 million in May. The number of permanent job losers continued 

to rise, increasing by 588,000 to 2.9 million in June. The number of unemployed reentrants to the labor 

force rose by 711,000 to 2.4 million. (Reentrants are persons who previously worked but were not in the 

labor force prior to beginning their job search.) (See table A-11.) 

The number of unemployed persons who were jobless less than 5 weeks declined by 1.0 million to 2.8 

million in June. Unemployed persons who were jobless 5 to 14 weeks numbered 11.5 million, down by 

3.3 million over the month, and accounted for 65.2 percent of the unemployed. By contrast, the number 

of persons jobless 15 to 26 weeks and the long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) 

saw over-the-month increases (+825,000 to 1.9 million and +227,000 to 1.4 million, respectively). (See 

table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate increased by 0.7 percentage point in June to 61.5 percent, but is 1.9 

percentage points below its February level. Total employment, as measured by the household survey, 

rose by 4.9 million to 142.2 million in June. The employment-population ratio, at 54.6 percent, rose by 

1.8 percentage points over the month but is 6.5 percentage points lower than in February. (See table A1.) 

In June, the number of persons who usually work full time increased by 2.4 million to 118.9 million, 

and the number who usually work part time also rose by 2.4 million to 23.2 million. (See table A-9.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons declined by 1.6 million to 9.1 

million in June but is still more than double its February level. These individuals, who would have 

preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they 

were unable to find full-time jobs. This group includes persons who usually work full time and persons 

who usually work part time. (See table A-8.) 

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 8.2 million, declined by 

767,000 in June but remained 3.2 million higher than in February. These individuals were not counted as 
 

-3-

unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4 weeks or were 

unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) 

Persons marginally attached to the labor force—a subset of persons not in the labor force who 

currently want a job—numbered 2.5 million in June, little different from the prior month. These 

individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job 

sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for 

them, numbered 681,000 in June, essentially unchanged from the previous month. (See Summary table 

A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 4.8 million in June, following an increase of 2.7 

million in May. These gains reflect a partial resumption of economic activity that had been curtailed due 

to the coronavirus pandemic in April and March, when employment fell by a total of 22.2 million in the 

2 months combined. In June, nonfarm employment was 14.7 million, or 9.6 percent, lower than its 

February level. Employment in leisure and hospitality rose sharply in June. Notable job gains also 

occurred in retail trade, education and health services, other services, manufacturing, and professional 

and business services. Employment continued to decline in mining. (See table B-1. For more 

information about how the establishment survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus 

pandemic, see the box note on page 6.) 

In June, employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 2.1 million, accounting for about twofifths of the gain in total nonfarm employment. Over the month, employment in food services and 

drinking places rose by 1.5 million, following a gain of the same magnitude in May. Despite these gains, 

employment in food services and drinking places is down by 3.1 million since February. Employment 

also rose in June in amusements, gambling, and recreation (+353,000) and in the accommodation 

industry (+239,000). 

In June, employment in retail trade rose by 740,000, after a gain of 372,000 in May and losses totaling 

2.4 million in March and April combined. On net, employment in the industry is 1.3 million lower than 

in February. In June, notable job gains occurred in clothing and clothing accessories stores (+202,000), 

general merchandise stores (+108,000), furniture and home furnishings stores (+84,000), and motor 

vehicle and parts dealers (+84,000). 

Employment increased by 568,000 in education and health services in June but is 1.8 million below

February’s level. Health care employment increased by 358,000 over the month, with gains in offices of 

dentists (+190,000), offices of physicians (+80,000), and offices of other health practitioners (+48,000). 

Elsewhere in health care, job losses continued in nursing care facilities (-18,000). Employment increased 

in the social assistance industry (+117,000), reflecting gains in child day care services (+80,000) and in 

individual and family services (+28,000). Employment in private education rose by 93,000 over the 

month. 

Employment increased in the other services industry in June (+357,000), with about three-fourths of the 

increase occurring in personal and laundry services (+264,000). Since February, employment in the 

other services industry is down by 752,000. 
 

-4-

In June, manufacturing employment rose by 356,000 but is down by 757,000 since February. June 

employment increases were concentrated in the durable goods component, with motor vehicles and parts 

(+196,000) accounting for over half of the job gain in manufacturing. Employment also increased over 

the month in miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing (+26,000) and machinery (+18,000). Within 

the nondurable goods component, the largest job gain occurred in plastics and rubber products 

(+22,000). 

Professional and business services added 306,000 jobs in June, but employment is 1.8 million below 

its February level. In June, employment rose in temporary help services (+149,000), services to 

buildings and dwellings (+53,000), and accounting and bookkeeping services (+18,000). By contrast, 

employment declined in computer systems design and related services (-20,000). 

Construction employment increased by 158,000 in June, following a gain of 453,000 in May. These 

gains accounted for more than half of the decline in March and April (-1.1 million combined). Over-themonth gains occurred in specialty trade contractors (+135,000), with growth about equally split between 

the residential and nonresidential components. Job gains also occurred in construction of buildings 

(+32,000). 

Transportation and warehousing added 99,000 jobs in June, following declines in the prior 2 months 

(-588,000 in April and May combined). In June, employment rose in warehousing and storage 

(+61,000), couriers and messengers (+21,000), truck transportation (+8,000), and support activities for 

transportation (+7,000). 

Wholesale trade employment rose by 68,000 in June but is down by 317,000 since February. In June, 

job gains occurred in the durable goods (+39,000) and nondurable goods (+27,000) components. 

Financial activities added 32,000 jobs in June, with over half of the gain in real estate (+18,000). Since 

February, employment in financial activities is down by 237,000. 

Government employment changed little in June (+33,000), as job gains in local government education 

(+70,000) were partially offset by job losses in state government (-25,000). Government employment is 

1.5 million below its February level. 

Mining continued to lose jobs in June (-10,000), with most of the decline occurring in support activities 

for mining (-7,000). Mining employment is down by 123,000 since a recent peak in January 2019, 

although nearly three-fourths of the decline has occurred since February 2020. 

In June, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 35 cents to 

$29.37. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees

decreased by 23 cents to $24.74 in June. The decreases in average hourly earnings largely reflect job 

gains among lower-paid workers; these changes put downward pressure on the average hourly earnings 

estimates. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.2 hour to 34.5 

hours in June. In manufacturing, the workweek rose by 0.5 hour to 39.2 hours, and overtime was 

unchanged at 2.4 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.2 hour to 33.9 hours. The recent employment changes, especially in 

industries with shorter workweeks, complicate monthly comparisons of the average weekly hours 

estimates. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 
 

-5-

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for April was revised down by 100,000, from -20.7 

million to -20.8 million, and the change for May was revised up by 190,000, from +2.5 million to +2.7 

million. With these revisions, employment in April and May combined was 90,000 higher than 

previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and 

government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for July is scheduled to be released on Friday, August 7, 2020, at 8:30 

a.m. (ET).
 

-6-

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on June 2020 Establishment and Household Survey Data 

Data collection for both surveys was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In the 

establishment survey, approximately one-fifth of the data is assigned to four regional data collection 

centers. Although these centers were closed, interviewers at these centers worked remotely to collect 

data by telephone. Additionally, BLS encouraged businesses to report electronically. The collection rate 

for the establishment survey in June was 63 percent, lower than collection rates prior to the pandemic. 

The household survey is generally collected through in-person and telephone interviews, but personal 

interviews were not conducted for the safety of interviewers and respondents. The household survey 

response rate, at 65 percent, was about 18 percentage points lower than in months prior to the pandemic. 

In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all or any part of the pay period 

including the 12th of the month are counted as employed, even if they were not actually at their jobs. 

Workers who are temporarily or permanently absent from their jobs and are not being paid are not 

counted as employed, even if they are continuing to receive benefits.

In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force 

based on their answers to a series of questions about their activities during the survey reference week 

(June 7th through June 13th). Workers who indicate they were not working during the entire survey 

reference week and expect to be recalled to their jobs should be classified as unemployed on temporary 

layoff. In June, a large number of persons were classified as unemployed on temporary layoff. 

As was the case in March, April, and May, household survey interviewers were instructed to classify 

employed persons absent from work due to temporary, coronavirus-related business closures as 

unemployed on temporary layoff. BLS and Census Bureau analyses of the underlying data suggest that 

this group still included some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been classified as 

unemployed on temporary layoff. 

The degree of misclassification declined considerably in June. BLS and Census Bureau staff have been 

reviewing survey responses that might have been misclassified. The misclassification hinges on a 

question about the main reason people were absent from their jobs. If people who were absent due to 

temporary, pandemic-related closures were recorded as absent due to “other reasons,” they could have 

been misclassified. When interviewers record a response of “other reason,” they also add a few words 

describing that other reason. The review of these brief descriptions found that the share of responses that 

may have been misclassified was much smaller in June than in prior months. BLS and the 

Census Bureau are continuing to investigate the misclassification and are taking additional steps to 

address the issue.

If the workers who were recorded as employed but absent from work due to “other reasons” (over and 

above the number absent for other reasons in a typical June) had been classified as unemployed on 

temporary layoff, the overall unemployment rate would have been about 1 percentage point higher than 

reported (on a not seasonally adjusted basis). However, this represents the upper bound of our estimate 

of misclassification and probably overstates the size of the misclassification error. 

According to usual practice, the data from the household survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain 

data integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to reclassify survey responses. 

More information is available at www.bls.gov/cps/employment-situation-covid19-faq-june-2020.pdf . 
 

-7-

2020 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to Establishment Survey Data to be 

released on August 19, 2020 

Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts of employment 

from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month of March. These counts 

are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records that nearly all employers are required to 

file. On August 19, 2020, at 10:00 a.m. (ET), the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the 

preliminary estimate of the upcoming annual benchmark revision. This is the same day that the firstquarter 2020 data from QCEW will be issued. Preliminary benchmark revisions for all major industry 

sectors, as well as total nonfarm and total private employment, will be available at 

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm . 

The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2021 Employment 

Situation news release in February 2021. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

Change from:

May 2020-

June 2020

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 259,037 259,896 260,047 260,204 157

Civilian labor force........................................................... 163,133 156,481 158,227 159,932 1,705

Participation rate.......................................................... 63.0 60.2 60.8 61.5 0.7

Employed................................................................... 157,148 133,403 137,242 142,182 4,940

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.7 51.3 52.8 54.6 1.8

Unemployed............................................................... 5,985 23,078 20,985 17,750 -3,235

Unemployment rate.................................................... 3.7 14.7 13.3 11.1 -2.2

Not in labor force............................................................ 95,905 103,415 101,820 100,273 -1,547

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 3.7 14.7 13.3 11.1 -2.2

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.3 13.0 11.6 10.2 -1.4

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.3 15.5 13.9 11.2 -2.7

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 12.7 31.9 29.9 23.2 -6.7

White.......................................................................... 3.3 14.2 12.4 10.1 -2.3

Black or African American.................................................. 6.0 16.7 16.8 15.4 -1.4

Asian.......................................................................... 2.1 14.5 15.0 13.8 -1.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.3 18.9 17.6 14.5 -3.1

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.0 13.1 11.6 9.7 -1.9

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 5.3 21.2 19.9 16.6 -3.3

High school graduates, no college........................................ 3.9 17.3 15.3 12.1 -3.2

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.0 15.0 13.3 10.9 -2.4

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.1 8.4 7.4 6.9 -0.5

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 2,744 20,626 18,291 14,272 -4,019

Job leavers...................................................................... 889 570 554 565 11

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,850 1,477 1,645 2,356 711

New entrants.................................................................... 537 389 536 563 27

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 1,949 14,283 3,875 2,838 -1,037

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,832 7,004 14,814 11,496 -3,318

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 776 833 1,078 1,903 825

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,413 939 1,164 1,391 227

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,350 10,887 10,633 9,062 -1,571

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,704 9,939 9,543 7,939 -1,604

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,338 697 843 942 99

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 21,538 12,355 14,394 17,137 2,743

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,555 2,281 2,394 2,471 77

Discouraged workers........................................................ 427 574 662 681 19

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 -20,787 2,699 4,800

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 -19,835 3,232 4,767

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 -2,388 684 504

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 -53 -19 -10

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 -1,018 453 158

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 -1,317 250 356

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 -905 153 290

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.7 -354.9 43.3 195.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -412 97 66

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 -17,447 2,548 4,263

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 -385.2 12.3 67.6

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5.4 -2,299.0 371.5 739.8

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1 -559.8 -28.3 98.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 -3.6 -1.6 -3.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 -279 -39 9

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 -261 10 32

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 -2,202 160 306

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4.5 -840.5 46.9 148.9

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 -2,603 399 568

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 -2,135.5 369.5 474.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 -7,575 1,403 2,088

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 -1,279 261 357

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -952 -533 33

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 -7,303 -6,487 -4,429

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 -6,990 -5,986 -3,945

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.9 49.3 49.2 49.5

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 47.6 47.6 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 80.4 80.6 81.0

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.2 34.7 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $27.96 $30.03 $29.72 $29.37

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $961.82 $1,027.03 $1,031.28 $1,013.27

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.7 93.2 97.4 100.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 -15.2 4.5 3.6

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.0 133.8 138.3 141.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 -11.2 3.4 2.5

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.9 4.3 63.0 75.2

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 2.6 70.4 77.0

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 697,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 

(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259,037 260,047 260,204 259,037 259,628 259,758 259,896 260,047 260,204

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164,120 157,975 160,883 163,133 164,546 162,913 156,481 158,227 159,932

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 60.7 61.8 63.0 63.4 62.7 60.2 60.8 61.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,828 137,461 142,811 157,148 158,759 155,772 133,403 137,242 142,182

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 52.9 54.9 60.7 61.1 60.0 51.3 52.8 54.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,292 20,514 18,072 5,985 5,787 7,140 23,078 20,985 17,750

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 13.0 11.2 3.7 3.5 4.4 14.7 13.3 11.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,917 102,072 99,321 95,905 95,082 96,845 103,415 101,820 100,273

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,725 9,422 8,633 5,312 4,962 5,509 9,916 8,962 8,195

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,285 125,782 125,860 125,285 125,575 125,639 125,707 125,782 125,860

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,415 83,963 85,429 86,549 87,008 86,123 83,139 83,900 84,596

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 66.8 67.9 69.1 69.3 68.5 66.1 66.7 67.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,189 74,004 76,425 83,358 83,871 82,357 71,916 73,702 75,629

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 58.8 60.7 66.5 66.8 65.6 57.2 58.6 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,226 9,959 9,004 3,191 3,137 3,765 11,223 10,199 8,967

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 11.9 10.5 3.7 3.6 4.4 13.5 12.2 10.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,870 41,818 40,431 38,736 38,568 39,516 42,569 41,881 41,264

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,843 117,410 117,492 116,843 117,181 117,254 117,330 117,410 117,492

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,837 81,240 82,203 83,568 84,001 83,176 80,461 81,057 81,995

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 69.2 70.0 71.5 71.7 70.9 68.6 69.0 69.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,173 72,076 74,002 80,780 81,202 79,832 69,977 71,672 73,641

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.5 61.4 63.0 69.1 69.3 68.1 59.6 61.0 62.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,663 9,164 8,201 2,788 2,799 3,344 10,483 9,385 8,354

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 11.3 10.0 3.3 3.3 4.0 13.0 11.6 10.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,006 36,170 35,289 33,275 33,180 34,078 36,870 36,352 35,497

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,753 134,265 134,344 133,753 134,053 134,119 134,189 134,265 134,344

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,705 74,011 75,454 76,584 77,538 76,790 73,343 74,327 75,336

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 55.1 56.2 57.3 57.8 57.3 54.7 55.4 56.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,639 63,457 66,386 73,790 74,888 73,415 61,487 63,540 66,552

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 47.3 49.4 55.2 55.9 54.7 45.8 47.3 49.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,066 10,554 9,068 2,793 2,651 3,375 11,855 10,787 8,783

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 14.3 12.0 3.6 3.4 4.4 16.2 14.5 11.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,048 60,254 58,890 57,169 56,514 57,329 60,847 59,938 59,009

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,509 126,072 126,155 125,509 125,841 125,915 125,991 126,072 126,155

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,297 71,316 72,214 73,655 74,501 73,840 70,913 71,558 72,580

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 56.6 57.2 58.7 59.2 58.6 56.3 56.8 57.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,714 61,630 63,925 71,209 72,179 70,886 59,947 61,638 64,426

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.3 48.9 50.7 56.7 57.4 56.3 47.6 48.9 51.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,583 9,686 8,289 2,447 2,323 2,954 10,966 9,920 8,154

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 13.6 11.5 3.3 3.1 4.0 15.5 13.9 11.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,212 54,755 53,940 51,853 51,340 52,075 55,079 54,514 53,575

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,686 16,566 16,557 16,686 16,606 16,590 16,574 16,566 16,557

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,986 5,419 6,466 5,910 6,043 5,897 5,108 5,612 5,356

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.9 32.7 39.1 35.4 36.4 35.5 30.8 33.9 32.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,941 3,755 4,884 5,159 5,378 5,054 3,479 3,932 4,114

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.6 22.7 29.5 30.9 32.4 30.5 21.0 23.7 24.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,046 1,663 1,582 751 665 843 1,628 1,681 1,242

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.0 30.7 24.5 12.7 11.0 14.3 31.9 29.9 23.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,700 11,147 10,092 10,776 10,562 10,693 11,467 10,953 11,201

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,746 201,154 201,233 200,746 200,968 201,023 201,082 201,154 201,233

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,131 122,552 124,744 126,319 127,146 126,021 121,242 122,661 124,009

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 60.9 62.0 62.9 63.3 62.7 60.3 61.0 61.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,708 107,761 112,020 122,199 123,189 121,042 104,065 107,499 111,538

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1 53.6 55.7 60.9 61.3 60.2 51.8 53.4 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,422 14,792 12,725 4,120 3,957 4,979 17,176 15,162 12,470

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 12.1 10.2 3.3 3.1 4.0 14.2 12.4 10.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,615 78,602 76,488 74,427 73,821 75,002 79,840 78,493 77,224

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,203 64,294 64,888 65,942 66,153 65,522 63,645 64,125 64,688

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.0 69.7 70.3 71.7 71.8 71.1 69.1 69.5 70.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,343 57,633 59,214 64,015 64,204 63,120 55,776 57,263 58,898

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 62.5 64.2 69.6 69.7 68.5 60.5 62.1 63.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,860 6,661 5,674 1,928 1,950 2,402 7,869 6,862 5,790

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 10.4 8.7 2.9 2.9 3.7 12.4 10.7 9.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,430 54,129 54,800 55,758 56,247 55,878 53,634 54,294 55,147

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.4 55.9 56.6 57.8 58.2 57.8 55.4 56.1 56.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,586 47,194 48,957 54,054 54,692 53,878 45,563 47,195 49,440

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 48.8 50.6 56.0 56.6 55.7 47.1 48.8 51.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,844 6,935 5,843 1,704 1,555 2,000 8,071 7,099 5,707

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 12.8 10.7 3.1 2.8 3.6 15.0 13.1 10.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,498 4,129 5,056 4,619 4,746 4,621 3,963 4,242 4,174

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.9 34.0 41.6 37.7 39.0 38.0 32.6 34.9 34.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,780 2,934 3,848 4,131 4,294 4,043 2,727 3,041 3,201

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.0 24.1 31.7 33.7 35.2 33.2 22.4 25.0 26.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718 1,196 1,208 489 452 578 1,236 1,202 973

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 29.0 23.9 10.6 9.5 12.5 31.2 28.3 23.3

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,014 33,294 33,323 33,014 33,211 33,238 33,267 33,294 33,323

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,581 19,815 20,134 20,439 20,946 20,596 19,487 19,858 20,010

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 59.5 60.4 61.9 63.1 62.0 58.6 59.6 60.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,319 16,530 17,019 19,216 19,730 19,208 16,240 16,523 16,927

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 49.6 51.1 58.2 59.4 57.8 48.8 49.6 50.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,262 3,285 3,115 1,223 1,216 1,387 3,247 3,334 3,083

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 16.6 15.5 6.0 5.8 6.7 16.7 16.8 15.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,432 13,479 13,189 12,575 12,266 12,642 13,780 13,436 13,313

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,378 8,979 9,204 9,302 9,499 9,477 8,880 8,970 9,161

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.6 64.0 65.5 67.1 68.0 67.7 63.4 63.9 65.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,878 7,606 7,752 8,773 8,945 8,812 7,448 7,583 7,670

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.0 54.2 55.2 63.3 64.0 63.0 53.2 54.1 54.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 1,373 1,453 528 554 665 1,432 1,388 1,492

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 15.3 15.8 5.7 5.8 7.0 16.1 15.5 16.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,359 10,065 10,082 10,404 10,721 10,374 9,995 10,097 10,113

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 59.7 59.8 62.4 63.8 61.7 59.4 59.9 60.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,813 8,439 8,661 9,858 10,207 9,830 8,351 8,426 8,693

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.8 50.1 51.4 59.1 60.8 58.5 49.6 50.0 51.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 1,627 1,422 546 514 543 1,644 1,671 1,420

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 16.2 14.1 5.2 4.8 5.2 16.4 16.5 14.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844 771 848 733 725 745 612 791 735

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 31.8 35.1 29.8 29.8 30.7 25.2 32.7 30.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 485 607 585 578 566 441 515 564

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.5 20.0 25.1 23.7 23.7 23.3 18.2 21.3 23.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 285 241 149 148 180 171 276 171

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 37.0 28.4 20.3 20.4 24.1 28.0 34.9 23.2

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,557 16,385 16,471 16,557 16,421 16,419 16,363 16,385 16,471

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,600 9,932 10,202 10,528 10,574 10,470 9,938 9,968 10,108

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.0 60.6 61.9 63.6 64.4 63.8 60.7 60.8 61.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,361 8,462 8,786 10,302 10,312 10,037 8,499 8,475 8,717

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 51.6 53.3 62.2 62.8 61.1 51.9 51.7 52.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 1,470 1,416 225 262 433 1,438 1,493 1,392

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 14.8 13.9 2.1 2.5 4.1 14.5 15.0 13.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,958 6,453 6,269 6,030 5,848 5,948 6,425 6,417 6,362

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 43,453 44,053 44,132 43,453 43,820 43,895 43,975 44,053 44,132

Civilian labor force................................ 28,989 28,173 29,006 28,873 29,852 29,443 27,841 28,218 28,907

Participation rate............................... 66.7 64.0 65.7 66.4 68.1 67.1 63.3 64.1 65.5

Employed....................................... 27,721 23,321 24,794 27,621 28,531 27,672 22,579 23,241 24,711

Employment-population ratio............... 63.8 52.9 56.2 63.6 65.1 63.0 51.3 52.8 56.0

Unemployed.................................... 1,268 4,852 4,212 1,252 1,322 1,771 5,263 4,977 4,195

Unemployment rate......................... 4.4 17.2 14.5 4.3 4.4 6.0 18.9 17.6 14.5

Not in labor force................................. 14,464 15,880 15,126 14,581 13,968 14,452 16,133 15,834 15,225

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,677 15,496 15,604 15,663 16,035 15,844 15,337 15,493 15,588

Participation rate............................... 79.9 77.9 78.3 79.9 81.1 80.0 77.2 77.9 78.2

Employed....................................... 15,162 13,217 13,654 15,099 15,519 15,037 12,776 13,154 13,590

Employment-population ratio............... 77.3 66.5 68.5 77.0 78.5 75.9 64.3 66.1 68.2

Unemployed.................................... 515 2,279 1,950 564 516 807 2,561 2,338 1,999

Unemployment rate......................... 3.3 14.7 12.5 3.6 3.2 5.1 16.7 15.1 12.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,870 11,490 11,969 11,899 12,441 12,245 11,348 11,510 11,999

Participation rate............................... 59.8 57.0 59.3 59.9 62.1 61.0 56.4 57.1 59.4

Employed....................................... 11,365 9,350 10,125 11,396 11,834 11,507 9,060 9,326 10,158

Employment-population ratio............... 57.2 46.4 50.1 57.4 59.1 57.3 45.0 46.3 50.3

Unemployed.................................... 506 2,140 1,844 503 607 738 2,288 2,184 1,841

Unemployment rate......................... 4.3 18.6 15.4 4.2 4.9 6.0 20.2 19.0 15.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,442 1,187 1,434 1,311 1,377 1,354 1,157 1,216 1,319

Participation rate............................... 36.2 29.6 35.7 32.9 34.4 33.8 28.9 30.3 32.9

Employed....................................... 1,195 754 1,016 1,126 1,177 1,128 743 761 964

Employment-population ratio............... 30.0 18.8 25.3 28.2 29.4 28.2 18.6 19.0 24.0

Unemployed.................................... 247 433 418 185 199 225 414 454 355

Unemployment rate......................... 17.1 36.5 29.1 14.1 14.5 16.7 35.8 37.4 26.9

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,181 8,450 8,537 10,017 9,710 9,251 8,595 8,212 8,342

Participation rate.................................. 46.1 43.1 43.9 45.4 47.8 45.7 42.8 41.9 42.9

Employed.......................................... 9,713 6,887 7,218 9,482 9,160 8,626 6,774 6,577 6,958

Employment-population ratio................. 44.0 35.1 37.1 43.0 45.1 42.6 33.7 33.5 35.7

Unemployed....................................... 467 1,563 1,319 535 550 625 1,821 1,634 1,385

Unemployment rate............................ 4.6 18.5 15.4 5.3 5.7 6.8 21.2 19.9 16.6

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,906 33,756 33,324 36,167 36,309 35,232 33,252 33,792 33,598

Participation rate.................................. 57.5 55.0 54.8 57.9 58.3 57.4 54.6 55.0 55.3

Employed.......................................... 34,586 28,708 29,355 34,761 34,986 33,687 27,505 28,605 29,519

Employment-population ratio................. 55.4 46.8 48.3 55.7 56.2 54.9 45.1 46.6 48.6

Unemployed....................................... 1,319 5,048 3,969 1,407 1,323 1,545 5,747 5,187 4,079

Unemployment rate............................ 3.7 15.0 11.9 3.9 3.6 4.4 17.3 15.3 12.1

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,216 36,278 36,615 37,234 37,325 37,381 35,860 36,381 36,661

Participation rate.................................. 64.7 63.1 63.8 64.7 64.8 64.7 62.5 63.3 63.8

Employed.......................................... 36,109 31,581 32,643 36,103 36,209 36,013 30,485 31,559 32,662

Employment-population ratio................. 62.8 54.9 56.9 62.8 62.9 62.3 53.1 54.9 56.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,107 4,697 3,972 1,131 1,116 1,368 5,376 4,821 3,999

Unemployment rate............................ 3.0 12.9 10.8 3.0 3.0 3.7 15.0 13.3 10.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 58,066 60,269 61,339 58,543 59,894 60,487 60,127 60,442 61,861

Participation rate.................................. 73.3 71.7 72.1 73.9 73.1 73.0 71.6 71.9 72.7

Employed.......................................... 56,780 55,933 57,043 57,308 58,736 59,000 55,084 55,992 57,614

Employment-population ratio................. 71.7 66.6 67.1 72.3 71.7 71.2 65.6 66.6 67.7

Unemployed....................................... 1,286 4,336 4,296 1,235 1,158 1,487 5,043 4,450 4,247

Unemployment rate............................ 2.2 7.2 7.0 2.1 1.9 2.5 8.4 7.4 6.9

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

June

2019

June

2020

June

2019

June

2020

June

2019

June

2020

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,837 18,485 16,954 16,582 1,883 1,903

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,265 9,009 8,206 7,962 1,059 1,047

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.2 48.7 48.4 48.0 56.2 55.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,967 8,233 7,956 7,286 1,011 947

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.6 44.5 46.9 43.9 53.7 49.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 776 250 675 48 101

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 8.6 3.0 8.5 4.6 9.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,572 9,476 8,748 8,620 824 856

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,363 4,634 3,642 3,886 721 748

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,484 3,665 2,994 3,175 490 490

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.9 79.1 82.2 81.7 68.0 65.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,350 3,288 2,877 2,865 473 423

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.8 70.9 79.0 73.7 65.6 56.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 378 117 311 17 67

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 10.3 3.9 9.8 3.6 13.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879 969 649 711 231 258

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,029 2,922 2,523 2,408 506 514

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,277 2,117 1,951 1,796 326 322

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.2 72.5 77.3 74.6 64.4 62.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,219 1,990 1,902 1,689 317 301

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 68.1 75.4 70.1 62.7 58.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 127 49 107 9 21

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 6.0 2.5 6.0 2.7 6.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752 804 572 612 180 192

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,229 6,842 6,980 6,603 249 239

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,517 1,278 1,479 1,240 39 38

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.0 18.7 21.2 18.8 15.6 15.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,471 1,171 1,439 1,139 32 32

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 17.1 20.6 17.3 13.0 13.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 107 40 101 6 5

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 8.3 2.7 8.2 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,712 5,564 5,501 5,363 210 201

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,216 4,087 3,809 3,685 407 402

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,987 1,948 1,783 1,750 204 198

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.1 47.7 46.8 47.5 50.1 49.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,927 1,784 1,738 1,594 188 190

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.7 43.6 45.6 43.2 46.3 47.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 164 45 157 15 7

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 8.4 2.5 9.0 7.6 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,229 2,139 2,026 1,935 203 204

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231,728 233,074 104,093 104,923 127,635 128,152

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,361 149,478 77,902 76,323 74,459 73,155

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.7 64.1 74.8 72.7 58.3 57.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,826 132,834 75,151 68,261 71,675 64,573

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 57.0 72.2 65.1 56.2 50.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,535 16,644 2,751 8,062 2,784 8,582

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 11.1 3.5 10.6 3.7 11.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,367 83,596 26,191 28,600 53,176 54,997

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

June

2019

June

2020

June

2019

June

2020

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,961 29,652 228,077 230,552

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,456 6,228 157,664 154,656

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.9 21.0 69.1 67.1

Employed............................................................................. 5,957 5,201 151,871 137,610

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 19.2 17.5 66.6 59.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 499 1,026 5,793 17,046

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.7 16.5 3.7 11.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,505 23,424 70,413 75,897

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,720 2,687 78,896 76,948

Participation rate..................................................................... 36.4 36.4 83.8 81.9

Employed............................................................................. 2,472 2,244 76,086 68,941

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 33.0 30.4 80.8 73.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 248 443 2,810 8,008

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.1 16.5 3.6 10.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,760 4,686 15,244 17,055

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,502 2,339 69,646 68,619

Participation rate..................................................................... 31.6 32.3 72.0 70.6

Employed............................................................................. 2,305 1,908 66,942 60,541

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.1 26.4 69.2 62.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 197 431 2,704 8,078

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.9 18.4 3.9 11.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,427 4,901 27,086 28,508

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,234 1,201 9,122 9,088

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.9 8.0 24.5 23.1

Employed............................................................................. 1,180 1,050 8,843 8,128

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.6 7.0 23.8 20.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 54 151 279 960

Unemployment rate............................................................... 4.4 12.6 3.1 10.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 14,318 13,837 28,082 30,334

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

June

2019

June

2020

June

2019

June

2020

June

2019

June

2020

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 43,216 42,198 20,842 20,107 22,374 22,090

Civilian labor force.................................................. 28,421 26,823 16,214 15,193 12,207 11,630

Participation rate.................................................. 65.8 63.6 77.8 75.6 54.6 52.6

Employed.......................................................... 27,643 23,130 15,870 13,312 11,773 9,818

Employment-population ratio................................. 64.0 54.8 76.1 66.2 52.6 44.4

Unemployed....................................................... 778 3,693 344 1,881 433 1,812

Unemployment rate............................................ 2.7 13.8 2.1 12.4 3.6 15.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,796 15,374 4,628 4,914 10,167 10,460

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 215,821 218,007 104,442 105,753 111,379 112,254

Civilian labor force.................................................. 135,699 134,060 71,201 70,236 64,498 63,824

Participation rate.................................................. 62.9 61.5 68.2 66.4 57.9 56.9

Employed.......................................................... 130,185 119,681 68,320 63,113 61,865 56,567

Employment-population ratio................................. 60.3 54.9 65.4 59.7 55.5 50.4

Unemployed....................................................... 5,514 14,379 2,881 7,123 2,633 7,257

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.1 10.7 4.0 10.1 4.1 11.4

Not in labor force.................................................... 80,122 83,947 33,241 35,517 46,881 48,430

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,422 2,365 2,353 2,330 2,467 2,399 2,424 2,341 2,297

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,551 1,568 1,547 1,492 1,831 1,715 1,694 1,569 1,530

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 821 764 769 774 645 660 701 738 716

Unpaid family workers........................... 51 33 37 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 155,406 135,096 140,458 154,835 156,281 153,358 131,053 134,966 139,944

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 146,537 127,046 131,946 146,003 147,353 144,507 123,400 126,943 131,444

Government..................................... 20,588 19,951 20,464 20,979 21,039 21,143 19,208 19,763 20,895

Private industries............................... 125,949 107,095 111,482 124,990 126,192 123,360 104,148 107,164 110,584

Private households.......................... 849 498 564 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 125,101 106,597 110,918 124,210 125,397 122,642 103,663 106,660 110,045

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,850 8,008 8,449 8,782 8,889 8,806 7,546 7,944 8,376

Unpaid family workers........................... 19 41 64 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,602 10,429 9,306 4,350 4,318 5,765 10,887 10,633 9,062

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,837 9,369 8,043 2,704 2,776 4,043 9,939 9,543 7,939

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,360 892 978 1,338 1,317 1,321 697 843 942

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,555 14,669 16,210 21,538 22,175 20,601 12,355 14,394 17,137

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,529 10,286 9,210 4,266 4,225 5,681 10,730 10,485 8,961

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,787 9,237 7,966 2,651 2,719 3,965 9,780 9,408 7,860

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,347 888 974 1,327 1,313 1,312 695 836 941

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,213 14,289 15,868 21,194 21,770 20,236 11,970 14,009 16,793

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,828 137,461 142,811 157,148 158,759 155,772 133,403 137,242 142,182

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,941 3,755 4,884 5,159 5,378 5,054 3,479 3,932 4,114

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,035 1,284 1,744 1,764 1,972 1,800 1,302 1,420 1,501

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,906 2,471 3,139 3,388 3,401 3,269 2,154 2,495 2,649

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,888 133,706 137,927 151,989 153,381 150,719 129,924 133,310 138,068

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,699 10,596 11,669 14,279 14,278 13,428 10,023 10,608 11,249

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,189 123,109 126,259 137,662 139,188 137,392 119,906 122,691 126,771

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,449 90,147 92,407 100,724 101,426 100,313 87,769 89,943 92,702

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,699 31,356 32,009 35,725 36,123 35,501 30,453 31,299 32,028

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,933 30,163 30,909 33,005 33,402 33,168 29,607 30,088 30,991

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,816 28,628 29,489 31,994 31,901 31,644 27,709 28,555 29,683

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,740 32,963 33,851 36,938 37,762 37,079 32,137 32,748 34,069

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,189 74,004 76,425 83,358 83,871 82,357 71,916 73,702 75,629

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,016 1,928 2,423 2,578 2,669 2,525 1,939 2,030 1,988

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,082 609 878 896 891 817 632 659 714

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,934 1,319 1,545 1,679 1,784 1,715 1,277 1,355 1,302

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,173 72,076 74,002 80,780 81,202 79,832 69,977 71,672 73,641

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,533 5,475 5,997 7,266 7,272 6,818 5,222 5,445 5,726

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,641 66,601 68,005 73,469 73,982 73,159 64,758 66,271 67,865

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,776 48,647 49,575 53,643 53,770 53,374 47,236 48,488 49,471

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,123 16,869 17,079 19,022 19,175 19,002 16,396 16,822 16,987

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,867 16,408 16,644 17,796 17,874 17,790 16,049 16,335 16,582

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,786 15,370 15,852 16,826 16,720 16,582 14,792 15,330 15,903

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,865 17,954 18,430 19,825 20,213 19,785 17,522 17,783 18,394

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,639 63,457 66,386 73,790 74,888 73,415 61,487 63,540 66,552

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,924 1,827 2,461 2,581 2,709 2,529 1,541 1,902 2,126

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953 675 866 868 1,081 983 670 761 788

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,972 1,152 1,595 1,709 1,616 1,554 877 1,140 1,347

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,714 61,630 63,925 71,209 72,179 70,886 59,947 61,638 64,426

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,166 5,122 5,671 7,013 7,006 6,610 4,801 5,163 5,523

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,548 56,508 58,254 64,194 65,206 64,232 55,147 56,420 58,906

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,673 41,499 42,832 47,081 47,657 46,939 40,533 41,455 43,231

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,576 14,487 14,930 16,703 16,949 16,499 14,058 14,478 15,041

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,067 13,755 14,265 15,209 15,528 15,378 13,558 13,753 14,409

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,030 13,257 13,637 15,168 15,180 15,062 12,917 13,225 13,781

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,875 15,009 15,421 17,113 17,549 17,293 14,615 14,964 15,675

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,749 43,039 43,717 45,712 46,067 45,920 41,683 42,822 43,702

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,574 33,079 33,903 36,084 36,597 36,353 31,860 32,978 34,440

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,695 7,768 8,218 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,542 116,620 120,169 130,254 131,109 129,298 114,322 116,523 118,941

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,287 20,841 22,642 26,834 27,726 26,553 19,106 20,741 23,179

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,987 5,509 6,114 8,174 8,070 7,268 5,451 5,598 6,279

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.0 4.3 5.2 5.1 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.4

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,195 6,249 6,208 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,671 8,772 9,218 9,556 9,534 9,466 8,247 8,681 9,092

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 5,985 20,985 17,750 3.7 3.5 4.4 14.7 13.3 11.1

16 to 19 years..................................... 751 1,681 1,242 12.7 11.0 14.3 31.9 29.9 23.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 302 613 470 14.6 9.8 16.4 27.6 30.1 23.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 442 1,058 771 11.6 12.0 12.8 34.3 29.8 22.5

20 years and over................................ 5,234 19,305 16,508 3.3 3.2 4.0 14.2 12.6 10.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 956 3,207 2,770 6.3 6.4 8.7 25.7 23.2 19.8

25 years and over.............................. 4,262 16,107 13,691 3.0 2.9 3.5 13.1 11.6 9.7

25 to 54 years............................... 3,150 11,708 10,072 3.0 3.0 3.6 12.8 11.5 9.8

25 to 34 years............................. 1,328 4,857 4,261 3.6 3.7 4.1 14.5 13.4 11.7

35 to 44 years............................. 948 3,414 3,108 2.8 2.8 3.4 11.5 10.2 9.1

45 to 54 years............................. 875 3,436 2,703 2.7 2.5 3.2 12.3 10.7 8.3

55 years and over........................... 1,141 4,398 3,651 3.0 2.6 3.3 13.6 11.8 9.7

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,191 10,199 8,967 3.7 3.6 4.4 13.5 12.2 10.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 404 814 613 13.5 11.2 14.3 27.6 28.6 23.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 146 254 167 14.0 10.8 14.8 21.0 27.8 19.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 249 555 448 12.9 12.0 13.4 30.8 29.1 25.6

20 years and over................................ 2,788 9,385 8,354 3.3 3.3 4.0 13.0 11.6 10.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 583 1,576 1,339 7.4 6.7 9.1 23.5 22.4 19.0

25 years and over.............................. 2,191 7,814 6,990 2.9 3.0 3.5 12.1 10.5 9.3

25 to 54 years............................... 1,643 5,773 5,199 3.0 3.1 3.5 12.1 10.6 9.5

25 to 34 years............................. 723 2,512 2,282 3.7 3.9 4.2 14.2 13.0 11.8

35 to 44 years............................. 442 1,709 1,621 2.4 2.8 3.2 10.4 9.5 8.9

45 to 54 years............................. 478 1,552 1,296 2.8 2.5 3.1 11.4 9.2 7.5

55 years and over........................... 548 2,040 1,791 2.7 2.7 3.4 12.1 10.3 8.9

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,793 10,787 8,783 3.6 3.4 4.4 16.2 14.5 11.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 347 867 629 11.8 10.8 14.3 36.6 31.3 22.8

16 to 17 years.................................. 155 358 303 15.2 8.9 17.8 32.9 32.0 27.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 193 503 323 10.2 12.0 12.1 38.9 30.6 19.4

20 years and over................................ 2,447 9,920 8,154 3.3 3.1 4.0 15.5 13.9 11.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 372 1,631 1,431 5.0 6.1 8.3 28.0 24.0 20.6

25 years and over.............................. 2,072 8,293 6,701 3.1 2.8 3.5 14.2 12.8 10.2

25 to 54 years............................... 1,508 5,934 4,873 3.1 2.9 3.6 13.7 12.5 10.1

25 to 34 years............................. 604 2,346 1,980 3.5 3.4 4.0 14.9 13.9 11.6

35 to 44 years............................. 506 1,705 1,487 3.2 2.8 3.6 12.7 11.0 9.4

45 to 54 years............................. 397 1,884 1,406 2.6 2.6 3.3 13.3 12.5 9.3

55 years and over........................... 576 2,358 1,842 3.3 2.4 3.3 15.5 13.6 10.5

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 844 3,858 3,259 1.8 2.0 2.3 9.7 8.3 6.9

Married women, spouse present1................. 860 4,292 3,367 2.3 2.2 3.0 13.1 11.5 8.9

Women who maintain families2.................... 521 1,461 1,242 5.1 4.1 5.3 15.9 15.8 13.1

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 4,755 15,897 13,755 3.5 3.5 4.1 12.9 12.0 10.4

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,222 5,090 4,007 4.4 3.7 6.1 24.5 19.7 14.7

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2,703 17,834 14,198 2,744 2,723 3,946 20,626 18,291 14,272

On temporary layoff.............................. 841 15,034 10,596 805 801 1,848 18,063 15,343 10,565

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 1,862 2,801 3,602 1,939 1,922 2,099 2,563 2,948 3,707

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,315 2,206 2,825 1,355 1,279 1,456 2,000 2,295 2,883

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 547 595 776 585 644 643 563 653 824

Job leavers........................................... 871 513 545 889 777 727 570 554 565

Reentrants............................................ 1,963 1,674 2,495 1,850 1,803 1,778 1,477 1,645 2,356

New entrants......................................... 754 492 834 537 505 509 389 536 563

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 43.0 86.9 78.6 45.6 46.9 56.7 89.4 87.0 80.4

On temporary layoff.............................. 13.4 73.3 58.6 13.4 13.8 26.5 78.3 73.0 59.5

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 29.6 13.7 19.9 32.2 33.1 30.2 11.1 14.0 20.9

Job leavers........................................... 13.8 2.5 3.0 14.8 13.4 10.5 2.5 2.6 3.2

Reentrants............................................ 31.2 8.2 13.8 30.7 31.0 25.5 6.4 7.8 13.3

New entrants......................................... 12.0 2.4 4.6 8.9 8.7 7.3 1.7 2.5 3.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 1.6 11.3 8.8 1.7 1.7 2.4 13.2 11.6 8.9

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Reentrants............................................ 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.5

New entrants......................................... 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,615 3,835 3,620 1,949 2,013 3,542 14,283 3,875 2,838

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,635 14,401 11,300 1,832 1,803 1,794 7,004 14,814 11,496

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,042 2,278 3,152 2,189 1,927 1,971 1,772 2,242 3,294

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 737 1,146 1,867 776 825 808 833 1,078 1,903

27 weeks and over............................... 1,304 1,132 1,285 1,413 1,102 1,164 939 1,164 1,391

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 20.2 10.9 13.4 22.1 20.9 17.1 6.1 9.9 15.7

Median duration, in weeks......................... 7.3 8.0 11.1 9.4 9.1 7.0 2.0 7.7 13.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 41.6 18.7 20.0 32.6 35.1 48.5 61.9 18.5 16.1

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 26.0 70.2 62.5 30.7 31.4 24.5 30.4 70.8 65.2

15 weeks and over.................................. 32.5 11.1 17.4 36.7 33.6 27.0 7.7 10.7 18.7

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 11.7 5.6 10.3 13.0 14.4 11.1 3.6 5.2 10.8

27 weeks and over............................... 20.7 5.5 7.1 23.7 19.2 15.9 4.1 5.6 7.9

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

June

2019

June

2020

June

2019

June

2020

June

2019

June

2020

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 157,828 142,811 6,292 18,072 3.8 11.2

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 63,418 63,336 1,540 4,395 2.4 6.5

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 26,844 26,928 519 1,363 1.9 4.8

Professional and related occupations.......................... 36,574 36,408 1,020 3,032 2.7 7.7

Service occupations................................................ 27,991 21,164 1,230 4,881 4.2 18.7

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,011 28,458 1,295 3,819 3.8 11.8

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,391 13,463 534 2,059 3.4 13.3

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,620 14,995 761 1,759 4.1 10.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,407 12,779 606 1,513 4.0 10.6

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,117 948 90 76 7.5 7.4

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,352 7,371 364 961 4.2 11.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,938 4,460 152 475 3.0 9.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 19,002 17,074 837 2,594 4.2 13.2

Production occupations.......................................... 8,785 7,187 309 889 3.4 11.0

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 10,216 9,887 528 1,705 4.9 14.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

June

2019

June

2020

June

2019

June

2020

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 6,292 18,072 3.8 11.2

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 4,506 14,718 3.5 11.7

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 24 145 3.2 17.8

Construction.......................................................................... 390 962 4.0 10.1

Manufacturing........................................................................ 450 1,383 2.8 9.1

Durable goods..................................................................... 285 872 2.8 9.2

Nondurable goods................................................................ 165 511 2.8 8.9

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 761 2,135 3.9 11.2

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 272 923 3.7 12.9

Information............................................................................ 70 304 2.7 12.0

Financial activities................................................................... 200 515 2.0 5.1

Professional and business services............................................... 650 1,527 3.6 8.6

Education and health services..................................................... 750 2,107 3.0 8.6

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 739 3,792 4.9 28.9

Other services........................................................................ 200 925 3.0 14.5

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 96 87 5.9 5.4

Government workers................................................................... 707 1,610 3.3 7.3

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 229 823 2.3 8.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2019

May

2020

June

2020

June

2019

Feb.

2020

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

May

2020

June

2020

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.2 1.4 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.4 2.1

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 1.6 11.3 8.8 1.7 1.7 2.4 13.2 11.6 8.9

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 3.8 13.0 11.2 3.7 3.5 4.4 14.7 13.3 11.1

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.1 13.3 11.6 3.9 3.8 4.7 15.1 13.6 11.5

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.7 14.2 12.6 4.6 4.4 5.2 16.0 14.6 12.5

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 7.5 20.7 18.3 7.2 7.0 8.7 22.8 21.2 18.0

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

June

2019

June

2020

June

2019

June

2020

June

2019

June

2020

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 94,917 99,321 37,870 40,431 57,048 58,890

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,725 8,633 2,725 4,301 3,000 4,332

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,571 2,486 811 1,380 759 1,106

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 425 684 295 395 130 289

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,146 1,803 516 985 629 818

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,987 6,114 3,893 2,986 4,094 3,128

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.1 4.3 4.6 3.9 5.6 4.7

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,340 3,428 2,340 1,835 2,000 1,594

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,052 1,503 684 479 1,368 1,023

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 330 320 213 211 118 108

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,186 817 623 434 563 383

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

Change

from:

May2020 -

June2020p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,739 130,317 133,410 138,513 150,759 130,303 133,002 137,802 4,800

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,278 108,159 111,866 117,360 128,206 108,527 111,759 116,526 4,767

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,367 18,540 19,413 20,156 21,076 18,698 19,382 19,886 504

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746 643 632 628 741 653 634 624 -10

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.3 47.6 50.0 51.6 49.8 50.5 51.2 51.4 0.2

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696.0 595.6 581.6 576.5 691.1 602.9 582.3 572.5 -9.8

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.0 153.1 152.7 153.0 149.6 155.4 153.1 151.9 -1.2

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.7 175.4 180.3 181.2 192.1 177.1 179.0 177.7 -1.3

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.0 41.6 43.8 43.8 51.9 41.9 44.4 43.8 -0.6

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.1 40.8 40.5 41.4 42.5 40.9 40.5 40.9 0.4

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.6 93.0 96.0 96.0 97.7 94.4 94.1 93.0 -1.1

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348.3 267.1 248.6 242.3 349.4 270.4 250.2 242.9 -7.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,699 6,465 7,073 7,359 7,497 6,556 7,009 7,167 158

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,685.6 1,434.4 1,554.3 1,617.8 1,656.3 1,456.7 1,556.4 1,588.6 32.2

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831.9 702.0 775.7 811.3 816.6 712.8 776.3 795.4 19.1

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853.7 732.4 778.6 806.5 839.7 743.9 780.1 793.2 13.1

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,129.8 976.8 1,052.4 1,067.7 1,074.0 992.9 1,023.6 1,013.9 -9.7

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,883.1 4,054.0 4,466.5 4,673.3 4,766.9 4,106.6 4,429.3 4,564.7 135.4

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,142.1 1,772.4 1,979.3 2,075.0 2,083.9 1,796.4 1,957.1 2,021.2 64.1

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,741.0 2,281.6 2,487.2 2,598.3 2,683.0 2,310.2 2,472.2 2,543.5 71.3

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,922 11,432 11,708 12,169 12,838 11,489 11,739 12,095 356

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,117 7,109 7,269 7,616 8,064 7,126 7,279 7,569 290

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410.7 374.1 385.1 393.2 407.7 375.4 385.4 390.6 5.2

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427.3 375.8 395.3 406.3 420.6 375.6 392.3 399.5 7.2

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388.8 341.7 332.9 340.8 386.9 342.9 333.5 338.9 5.4

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,502.6 1,360.9 1,387.9 1,409.9 1,492.7 1,362.8 1,389.4 1,400.5 11.1

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,137.3 1,016.8 1,036.7 1,062.3 1,129.7 1,019.2 1,037.7 1,055.2 17.5

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,083.4 1,083.9 1,079.8 1,094.6 1,078.8 1,087.4 1,083.9 1,091.2 7.3

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 162.1 169.8 169.3 171.8 162.2 170.4 169.9 171.9 2.0

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.5 83.1 81.2 82.5 82.9 83.1 81.4 82.3 0.9

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379.3 373.4 370.6 375.6 377.0 374.9 372.6 373.8 1.2

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425.1 425.2 425.7 430.9 423.6 425.9 426.9 429.8 2.9

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.4 32.4 33.0 33.8 33.2 33.0 33.1 33.4 0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 405.3 383.1 375.6 382.3 404.8 384.7 377.3 382.3 5.0

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,748.7 1,339.6 1,387.2 1,594.3 1,737.5 1,341.8 1,390.3 1,583.4 193.1

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,009.3 640.0 681.3 885.5 1,002.1 638.7 682.0 877.8 195.8

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389.7 309.7 335.7 350.4 387.0 310.5 336.0 348.4 12.4

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622.8 523.8 552.6 582.3 618.5 525.2 553.2 578.7 25.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,805 4,323 4,439 4,553 4,774 4,363 4,460 4,526 66

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,646.9 1,528.8 1,558.3 1,596.8 1,635.8 1,557.5 1,580.7 1,588.3 7.6

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.2 85.5 88.7 91.5 109.0 85.7 88.3 91.3 3.0

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.2 85.2 100.0 103.4 113.5 85.8 100.0 103.8 3.8

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.8 67.6 78.0 87.2 111.8 67.6 77.8 86.4 8.6

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.4 354.8 353.3 355.5 364.8 354.6 352.7 354.2 1.5

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 426.7 335.4 356.9 360.7 425.7 337.1 357.4 360.0 2.6

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.8 104.7 105.7 106.2 114.6 105.7 104.5 103.0 -1.5

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852.3 827.8 829.0 836.2 848.9 830.0 830.4 832.9 2.5

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741.9 672.8 697.3 723.2 736.7 673.1 696.4 718.2 21.8

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317.9 260.5 271.5 292.3 312.9 266.0 271.4 287.5 16.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,911 89,619 92,453 97,204 107,130 89,829 92,377 96,640 4,263

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,698 24,253 24,740 25,753 27,686 24,475 24,829 25,732 903

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,926.2 5,520.3 5,548.7 5,641.4 5,898.9 5,537.0 5,549.3 5,616.9 67.6

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,211.8 3,011.1 3,012.1 3,063.1 3,201.2 3,018.9 3,014.6 3,053.3 38.7

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,185.8 2,013.7 2,041.8 2,078.9 2,170.4 2,020.0 2,037.9 2,064.8 26.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

Change

from:

May2020 -

June2020p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528.6 495.5 494.8 499.4 527.3 498.1 496.8 498.8 2.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,622.9 13,174.9 13,627.5 14,418.5 15,613.4 13,287.6 13,659.1 14,398.9 739.8

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,042.7 1,683.4 1,775.7 1,864.5 2,030.3 1,686.4 1,769.8 1,853.8 84.0

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,301.7 1,016.8 1,109.2 1,169.5 1,298.3 1,019.9 1,109.4 1,167.5 58.1

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2 124.5 140.9 156.7 163.4 123.2 135.1 148.2 13.1

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 568.8 542.1 525.6 538.3 568.6 543.3 525.3 538.1 12.8

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 468.1 247.9 292.7 377.6 472.4 253.6 297.5 381.7 84.2

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 471.2 423.5 350.0 375.6 477.4 427.0 354.4 380.8 26.4

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,349.4 1,320.3 1,394.9 1,405.9 1,291.6 1,274.1 1,327.8 1,343.1 15.3

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,091.8 3,024.2 3,089.9 3,147.1 3,070.9 3,047.8 3,095.5 3,127.3 31.8

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,045.0 942.3 896.1 929.4 1,048.4 949.4 901.7 932.4 30.7

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955.6 891.7 893.9 918.3 943.8 898.6 893.0 907.5 14.5

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,278.6 476.2 549.7 754.5 1,299.3 492.0 565.6 767.2 201.6

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535.5 327.4 356.0 421.8 549.3 338.7 367.2 432.7 65.5

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,974.6 2,802.7 2,900.7 3,010.2 3,027.7 2,869.3 2,953.6 3,061.7 108.1

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,038.5 780.0 826.2 876.7 1,074.7 810.8 858.2 906.9 48.7

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,936.1 2,022.7 2,074.5 2,133.5 1,952.9 2,058.5 2,095.4 2,154.8 59.4

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847.4 535.5 611.8 685.6 837.3 544.0 608.5 678.6 70.1

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563.0 499.8 516.1 528.0 565.0 506.7 524.5 532.1 7.6

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,595.2 5,017.6 5,024.0 5,152.7 5,622.7 5,108.4 5,080.1 5,178.8 98.7

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507.6 432.7 384.7 383.0 503.3 433.1 383.2 379.6 -3.6

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.0 154.9 148.0 145.5 175.8 154.4 148.3 145.8 -2.5

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 57.9 57.4 60.5 65.2 59.1 56.8 58.5 1.7

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,548.7 1,414.6 1,430.2 1,453.5 1,535.3 1,430.6 1,432.6 1,440.7 8.1

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496.9 331.3 327.7 308.0 502.6 317.0 310.2 314.0 3.8

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.8 50.5 50.4 50.1 51.7 50.5 50.5 50.1 -0.4

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 46.1 11.4 17.6 24.5 36.4 12.5 16.2 19.4 3.2

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 756.7 666.7 661.3 671.5 756.2 668.6 664.7 671.5 6.8

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767.5 785.6 823.2 874.0 808.6 861.2 883.7 904.8 21.1

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,176.7 1,112.0 1,123.5 1,182.1 1,187.6 1,121.4 1,133.9 1,194.4 60.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554.1 540.0 539.5 540.0 550.5 542.3 540.7 537.5 -3.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,874 2,607 2,561 2,586 2,865 2,609 2,570 2,579 9

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 763.4 742.2 734.9 741.3 762.2 747.0 739.9 739.3 -0.6

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457.7 224.9 214.4 219.5 450.0 220.4 210.0 212.6 2.6

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265.9 246.2 237.4 237.7 266.4 246.4 238.5 238.3 -0.2

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712.7 692.2 684.2 687.5 713.0 694.7 688.4 688.1 -0.3

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335.8 345.9 340.0 343.4 336.1 344.1 339.9 345.5 5.6

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338.3 355.1 350.3 356.2 336.8 356.4 353.4 355.6 2.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,783 8,523 8,552 8,650 8,732 8,566 8,576 8,608 32

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,428.9 6,419.7 6,419.0 6,459.9 6,415.3 6,442.9 6,439.7 6,449.0 9.3

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.7 19.6 19.7 19.9 19.6 19.7 19.8 19.8 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,655.0 2,637.5 2,645.7 2,659.2 2,647.1 2,648.1 2,650.7 2,651.6 0.9

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,784.3 1,767.3 1,772.3 1,781.4 1,776.2 1,771.3 1,773.1 1,773.6 0.5

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,397.8 1,379.3 1,384.3 1,391.1 1,392.2 1,384.0 1,385.2 1,385.6 0.4

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 573.4 572.7 572.7 574.5 572.9 578.5 575.4 573.5 -1.9

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 297.3 297.5 300.7 303.3 298.0 298.3 302.2 304.5 2.3

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 966.2 961.2 962.0 973.5 964.1 966.6 969.1 971.2 2.1

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,788.0 2,801.4 2,791.6 2,807.3 2,784.5 2,808.5 2,800.1 2,806.4 6.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,354.0 2,103.1 2,132.5 2,190.5 2,317.1 2,123.5 2,136.1 2,158.9 22.8

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,731.7 1,625.8 1,644.2 1,683.3 1,715.2 1,638.5 1,649.4 1,667.7 18.3

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598.5 454.5 465.4 483.8 578.7 461.9 463.8 468.3 4.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

Change

from:

May2020 -

June2020p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.8 22.8 22.9 23.4 23.2 23.1 22.9 22.9 0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,428 19,215 19,398 19,836 21,294 19,254 19,414 19,720 306

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,520.0 9,193.2 9,142.4 9,246.0 9,534.1 9,146.8 9,213.7 9,276.0 62.3

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,159.2 1,086.7 1,096.3 1,116.7 1,148.6 1,092.3 1,099.3 1,106.8 7.5

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 973.9 1,055.0 946.7 950.3 1,028.3 965.0 998.5 1,016.0 17.5

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,531.7 1,448.5 1,462.3 1,494.0 1,513.0 1,459.5 1,463.5 1,475.9 12.4

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.2 125.1 126.1 131.9 143.6 125.8 125.9 131.4 5.5

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,199.1 2,164.9 2,160.5 2,141.4 2,202.2 2,172.6 2,165.5 2,145.1 -20.4

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,525.7 1,462.3 1,475.2 1,491.1 1,523.4 1,472.5 1,481.2 1,490.6 9.4

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733.4 726.5 729.8 744.5 726.4 730.7 731.6 737.7 6.1

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 495.2 449.5 449.4 454.4 492.7 450.4 449.8 452.3 2.5

Other professional and technical services. . . 757.6 674.7 696.1 721.7 755.9 678.0 698.4 720.2 21.8

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,442.3 2,341.3 2,340.2 2,365.1 2,425.0 2,355.5 2,343.5 2,348.3 4.8

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,465.5 7,680.0 7,915.2 8,224.6 9,334.9 7,751.8 7,856.8 8,095.8 239.0

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 9,007.4 7,231.8 7,461.3 7,769.6 8,883.0 7,300.6 7,403.9 7,646.6 242.7

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 530.9 489.7 494.0 496.3 527.1 490.9 493.3 492.7 -0.6

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.8 152.5 149.0 154.7 164.3 153.1 149.7 155.3 5.6

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,629.1 2,580.0 2,675.8 2,852.3 3,627.0 2,640.7 2,691.1 2,852.3 161.2

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,940.7 1,993.1 2,080.7 2,239.9 2,942.7 2,047.9 2,094.8 2,243.7 148.9

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867.8 746.1 737.8 750.5 882.0 751.0 747.7 762.5 14.8

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.2 175.8 170.6 164.3 218.2 175.9 169.1 161.5 -7.6

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 957.1 885.0 888.9 895.2 957.2 890.2 888.1 895.1 7.0

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,293.4 1,913.7 2,055.0 2,152.0 2,170.2 1,911.1 1,975.7 2,028.8 53.1

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.1 289.0 290.2 304.3 337.0 287.7 289.2 298.4 9.2

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458.1 448.2 453.9 455.0 451.9 451.2 452.9 449.2 -3.7

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,939 21,972 22,243 22,569 24,131 21,805 22,204 22,772 568

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,549.3 3,488.3 3,376.6 3,231.0 3,750.6 3,317.6 3,346.8 3,440.2 93.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,389.8 18,483.4 18,866.4 19,337.7 20,380.0 18,487.7 18,857.2 19,332.1 474.9

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,267.0 14,901.4 15,223.2 15,617.3 16,250.4 14,929.6 15,245.2 15,603.2 358.0

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,687.9 6,513.0 6,924.4 7,300.8 7,680.7 6,522.0 6,923.4 7,294.8 371.4

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,668.8 2,422.1 2,487.7 2,569.0 2,670.1 2,427.6 2,490.0 2,570.0 80.0

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969.4 427.3 684.2 876.8 966.7 427.9 684.2 874.6 190.4

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 968.0 748.9 819.8 867.9 965.7 750.7 818.2 865.7 47.5

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960.2 901.3 912.5 936.1 961.0 900.7 913.0 937.1 24.1

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 282.4 257.6 257.5 266.0 281.8 258.6 258.7 265.7 7.0

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,525.6 1,461.8 1,467.7 1,485.0 1,523.2 1,461.7 1,465.1 1,482.9 17.8

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.5 294.0 295.0 300.0 312.2 294.8 294.2 298.8 4.6

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,193.6 5,132.8 5,087.4 5,113.4 5,191.6 5,139.6 5,105.1 5,111.8 6.7

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,385.5 3,255.6 3,211.4 3,203.1 3,378.1 3,268.0 3,216.7 3,196.6 -20.1

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,601.1 1,534.1 1,505.2 1,491.8 1,599.7 1,540.8 1,508.9 1,490.6 -18.3

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 650.6 621.3 614.6 617.4 648.1 623.0 615.0 615.0 0.0

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969.5 941.1 932.3 933.0 967.6 944.7 932.8 931.4 -1.4

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 164.3 159.1 159.3 160.9 162.7 159.5 160.0 159.6 -0.4

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,122.8 3,582.0 3,643.2 3,720.4 4,129.6 3,558.1 3,612.0 3,728.9 116.9

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,610.6 2,458.8 2,480.3 2,503.0 2,605.7 2,452.6 2,471.5 2,499.2 27.7

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 185.0 177.0 178.0 179.5 184.6 177.9 178.7 179.1 0.4

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 325.2 258.3 261.3 272.8 321.9 259.6 261.5 270.3 8.8

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002.0 687.9 723.6 765.1 1,017.3 668.0 700.3 780.3 80.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,219 8,485 10,107 12,556 16,526 8,549 9,952 12,040 2,088

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,714.5 1,114.4 1,232.4 1,752.3 2,415.4 1,143.1 1,197.3 1,563.2 365.9

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 553.2 273.7 275.7 288.0 518.6 268.9 259.2 270.6 11.4

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187.2 123.4 125.1 133.7 171.6 125.3 121.5 122.7 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

Change

from:

May2020 -

June2020p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,974.1 717.3 831.6 1,330.6 1,725.2 748.9 816.6 1,169.9 353.3

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,504.8 7,370.6 8,874.6 10,804.0 14,110.8 7,406.1 8,755.0 10,477.0 1,722.0

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,192.7 1,130.4 1,069.1 1,412.8 2,084.6 1,179.0 1,066.2 1,304.8 238.6

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 12,312.1 6,240.2 7,805.5 9,391.2 12,026.2 6,227.1 7,688.8 9,172.2 1,483.4

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,970 4,564 4,852 5,254 5,896 4,571 4,832 5,189 357

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,360.4 1,137.8 1,222.4 1,281.7 1,351.8 1,134.2 1,213.3 1,273.7 60.4

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,540.7 686.5 864.6 1,132.5 1,524.3 685.0 856.0 1,120.2 264.2

Membership associations and organizations. . . 3,069.0 2,740.1 2,764.7 2,839.3 3,019.4 2,751.3 2,762.4 2,794.6 32.2

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,461 22,158 21,544 21,153 22,553 21,776 21,243 21,276 33

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,845.0 2,876.0 2,881.0 2,902.0 2,829.0 2,893.0 2,884.0 2,885.0 1.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,238.3 2,281.1 2,280.1 2,298.5 2,220.8 2,289.6 2,280.8 2,280.7 -0.1

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606.2 595.2 601.0 603.5 608.2 602.9 603.1 604.3 1.2

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,898.0 5,146.0 4,929.0 4,648.0 5,157.0 4,993.0 4,940.0 4,915.0 -25.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,193.0 2,444.6 2,239.6 1,948.7 2,470.1 2,290.0 2,251.0 2,232.2 -18.8

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,704.7 2,701.4 2,689.0 2,699.1 2,686.8 2,702.8 2,688.8 2,683.2 -5.6

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,718.0 14,136.0 13,734.0 13,603.0 14,567.0 13,890.0 13,419.0 13,476.0 57.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,940.6 7,920.1 7,611.8 7,317.1 7,986.9 7,596.1 7,304.6 7,374.9 70.3

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,777.2 6,216.1 6,122.0 6,286.1 6,580.0 6,294.3 6,114.7 6,100.9 -13.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.2 34.7 34.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.4 38.1 38.9 39.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.3 43.0 42.9 43.3

Construction....................................................................... 39.3 37.8 38.8 38.9

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.6 38.0 38.7 39.2

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.1 37.8 38.7 39.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.9 38.3 38.7 39.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.4 33.8 33.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.2 33.8 34.3 34.3

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 37.7 38.0 38.2

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.7 30.5 31.2 31.2

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.4 37.2 37.7 37.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.5 42.5 42.2 42.3

Information......................................................................... 36.4 36.5 36.6 36.5

Financial activities................................................................ 37.5 37.7 37.7 37.7

Professional and business services............................................ 36.2 35.9 36.4 36.3

Education and health services.................................................. 33.0 32.7 32.9 33.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.9 24.2 25.9 25.5

Other services..................................................................... 31.9 32.2 32.6 32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.4 2.1 2.4 2.4

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 1.7 2.1 2.1

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.5 2.7 3.0 3.0

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

Total private............................................... $27.96 $30.03 $29.72 $29.37 $961.82 $1,027.03 $1,031.28 $1,013.27

Goods-producing....................................... 28.98 30.25 30.13 29.89 1,170.79 1,152.53 1,172.06 1,171.69

Mining and logging.................................. 33.65 35.06 35.24 35.07 1,558.00 1,507.58 1,511.80 1,518.53

Construction.......................................... 30.74 31.37 31.48 31.62 1,208.08 1,185.79 1,221.42 1,230.02

Manufacturing........................................ 27.68 29.31 29.02 28.57 1,123.81 1,113.78 1,123.07 1,119.94

Durable goods.................................... 29.16 30.85 30.52 29.91 1,198.48 1,166.13 1,181.12 1,172.47

Nondurable goods................................ 25.12 26.82 26.57 26.32 1,002.29 1,027.21 1,028.26 1,026.48

Private service-providing.............................. 27.71 29.97 29.62 29.24 922.74 1,001.00 1,001.16 982.46

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 24.20 25.66 25.40 25.18 827.64 867.31 871.22 863.67

Wholesale trade.................................. 31.38 32.53 32.50 32.31 1,220.68 1,226.38 1,235.00 1,234.24

Retail trade........................................ 19.65 21.09 20.81 20.77 603.26 643.25 649.27 648.02

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.79 25.73 25.69 25.38 951.94 957.16 968.51 959.36

Utilities............................................. 41.71 43.15 43.04 43.35 1,772.68 1,833.88 1,816.29 1,833.71

Information........................................... 41.84 43.62 43.54 43.23 1,522.98 1,592.13 1,593.56 1,577.90

Financial activities................................... 35.91 37.31 37.63 38.10 1,346.63 1,406.59 1,418.65 1,436.37

Professional and business services.............. 33.63 35.70 35.42 35.15 1,217.41 1,281.63 1,289.29 1,275.95

Education and health services..................... 27.54 28.29 28.44 28.41 908.82 925.08 935.68 940.37

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.55 17.92 17.39 16.99 428.65 433.66 450.40 433.25

Other services....................................... 25.18 27.49 27.21 26.61 803.24 885.18 887.05 859.50

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

Percent

change

from:

May

2020 -

June

2020p

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

Percent

change

from:

May

2020 -

June

2020p

Total private..................................... 110.7 93.2 97.4 100.9 3.6 148.0 133.8 138.3 141.7 2.5

Goods-producing............................. 97.0 81.2 85.9 88.8 3.4 127.1 111.0 117.0 120.0 2.6

Mining and logging........................ 107.8 88.2 85.5 84.9 -0.7 145.6 124.2 120.9 119.5 -1.2

Construction................................ 101.6 85.4 93.7 96.1 2.6 135.7 116.4 128.2 132.0 3.0

Manufacturing.............................. 93.8 78.5 81.7 85.3 4.4 120.7 107.1 110.3 113.3 2.7

Durable goods........................... 93.3 75.8 79.3 83.5 5.3 120.8 103.9 107.5 111.0 3.3

Nondurable goods...................... 95.1 83.4 86.2 88.1 2.2 121.2 113.5 116.2 117.7 1.3

Private service-providing.................... 114.8 96.6 100.5 104.5 4.0 154.7 140.7 144.7 148.6 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.3 90.3 92.9 96.3 3.7 134.8 124.9 127.3 130.8 2.7

Wholesale trade......................... 101.2 92.1 93.0 94.6 1.7 132.9 125.3 126.4 127.9 1.2

Retail trade.............................. 97.3 82.3 86.5 91.2 5.4 126.4 114.7 119.0 125.2 5.2

Transportation and warehousing...... 124.1 109.2 110.0 112.5 2.3 156.5 142.9 143.8 145.2 1.0

Utilities.................................... 101.2 99.7 98.7 98.4 -0.3 139.5 142.2 140.4 140.9 0.4

Information................................. 95.2 87.0 85.9 86.0 0.1 141.9 135.1 133.2 132.3 -0.7

Financial activities......................... 107.3 105.8 105.9 106.3 0.4 150.3 154.0 155.5 158.0 1.6

Professional and business services..... 120.9 108.4 110.8 112.2 1.3 164.6 156.7 158.9 159.7 0.5

Education and health services........... 130.0 116.4 119.3 123.1 3.2 172.3 158.5 163.2 168.2 3.1

Leisure and hospitality.................... 122.1 59.0 73.5 87.6 19.2 163.1 85.3 103.2 120.1 16.4

Other services............................. 108.4 84.9 90.8 96.6 6.4 149.7 127.9 135.4 140.9 4.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

Total nonfarm............................................. 75,169 64,175 65,372 68,249 49.9 49.3 49.2 49.5

Total private............................................ 62,143 51,637 53,175 56,008 48.5 47.6 47.6 48.1

Goods-producing.................................... 4,702 4,209 4,340 4,486 22.3 22.5 22.4 22.6

Mining and logging............................... 96 94 94 91 13.0 14.4 14.8 14.6

Construction....................................... 970 887 933 953 12.9 13.5 13.3 13.3

Manufacturing..................................... 3,636 3,228 3,313 3,442 28.3 28.1 28.2 28.5

Durable goods.................................. 1,934 1,723 1,748 1,840 24.0 24.2 24.0 24.3

Nondurable goods............................. 1,702 1,505 1,565 1,602 35.7 34.5 35.1 35.4

Private service-providing........................... 57,441 47,428 48,835 51,522 53.6 52.8 52.9 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,070 9,357 9,515 9,995 40.0 38.2 38.3 38.8

Wholesale trade................................ 1,773.3 1,631.9 1,645.1 1,673.6 30.1 29.5 29.6 29.8

Retail trade..................................... 7,741.6 6,342.3 6,510.3 6,937.2 49.6 47.7 47.7 48.2

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,422.9 1,250.5 1,226.8 1,251.8 25.3 24.5 24.1 24.2

Utilities........................................... 132.1 132.3 132.4 132.0 24.0 24.4 24.5 24.6

Information......................................... 1,135 1,042 1,023 1,038 39.6 39.9 39.8 40.2

Financial activities................................ 4,946 4,858 4,839 4,859 56.6 56.7 56.4 56.4

Professional and business services............ 9,703 8,730 8,791 8,970 45.6 45.3 45.3 45.5

Education and health services.................. 18,650 16,712 17,040 17,552 77.3 76.6 76.7 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,788 4,470 5,183 6,399 53.2 52.3 52.1 53.1

Other services..................................... 3,149 2,259 2,444 2,709 53.4 49.4 50.6 52.2

Government............................................. 13,026 12,538 12,197 12,241 57.8 57.6 57.4 57.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

Total private............................................................................... 105,503 87,211 90,041 94,363

Goods-producing....................................................................... 15,093 13,052 13,608 14,091

Mining and logging.................................................................. 545 461 442 436

Construction.......................................................................... 5,580 4,760 5,154 5,285

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,968 7,831 8,012 8,370

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,549 4,699 4,805 5,124

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,419 3,132 3,207 3,246

Private service-providing.............................................................. 90,410 74,159 76,433 80,272

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,420 20,520 20,815 21,627

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,737.4 4,390.4 4,391.8 4,449.1

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,334.0 11,292.8 11,610.6 12,265.5

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,906.6 4,402.6 4,380.2 4,486.2

Utilities.............................................................................. 441.6 433.9 432.5 426.3

Information............................................................................ 2,307 2,070 2,029 2,034

Financial activities................................................................... 6,753 6,561 6,540 6,566

Professional and business services............................................... 17,317 15,298 15,441 15,697

Education and health services..................................................... 21,202 19,055 19,409 19,887

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,527 6,993 8,308 10,245

Other services........................................................................ 4,884 3,662 3,891 4,216

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 33.5 34.1 33.9

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.2 38.5 39.6 40.0

Mining and logging................................................................ 47.2 43.0 43.8 44.1

Construction....................................................................... 39.8 38.2 39.5 39.5

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.6 38.4 39.4 40.0

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.9 38.1 39.4 40.0

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.2 38.9 39.3 40.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.6 33.1 32.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.8 33.6 34.2 34.1

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.7 37.0 37.6 38.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.3 30.5 31.3 31.0

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 37.9 37.2 37.8 37.9

Utilities........................................................................... 42.2 42.3 41.8 42.4

Information......................................................................... 35.5 35.6 35.9 36.0

Financial activities................................................................ 36.7 36.8 37.0 36.8

Professional and business services............................................ 35.5 35.2 35.8 35.7

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 31.8 32.1 32.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.7 22.3 24.3 24.1

Other services..................................................................... 30.8 31.2 31.7 31.5

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.2 2.8 3.1 3.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.2 2.5 2.9 2.9

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.3 3.2 3.5 3.6

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

Total private............................................... $23.47 $25.12 $24.97 $24.74 $788.59 $841.52 $851.48 $838.69

Goods-producing....................................... 24.73 25.20 25.37 25.38 1,018.88 970.20 1,004.65 1,015.20

Mining and logging.................................. 29.86 31.13 30.72 30.58 1,409.39 1,338.59 1,345.54 1,348.58

Construction.......................................... 28.50 28.65 28.97 29.35 1,134.30 1,094.43 1,144.32 1,159.33

Manufacturing........................................ 22.14 22.72 22.72 22.61 921.02 872.45 895.17 904.40

Durable goods.................................... 23.07 23.55 23.60 23.55 966.63 897.26 929.84 942.00

Nondurable goods................................ 20.61 21.49 21.39 21.11 849.13 835.96 840.63 844.40

Private service-providing.............................. 23.20 25.10 24.88 24.60 751.68 818.26 823.53 809.34

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 20.65 21.61 21.66 21.65 697.97 726.10 740.77 738.27

Wholesale trade.................................. 26.10 26.89 26.93 26.80 1,010.07 994.93 1,012.57 1,018.40

Retail trade........................................ 16.60 17.62 17.87 18.06 502.98 537.41 559.33 559.86

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.48 22.94 22.94 22.76 851.99 853.37 867.13 862.60

Utilities............................................. 36.69 38.02 37.81 38.52 1,548.32 1,608.25 1,580.46 1,633.25

Information........................................... 33.67 35.66 35.36 35.44 1,195.29 1,269.50 1,269.42 1,275.84

Financial activities................................... 27.65 28.79 29.15 29.01 1,014.76 1,059.47 1,078.55 1,067.57

Professional and business services.............. 27.75 29.75 29.59 29.32 985.13 1,047.20 1,059.32 1,046.72

Education and health services..................... 24.21 25.24 25.27 25.28 779.56 802.63 811.17 821.60

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.44 14.60 14.45 14.55 356.67 325.58 351.14 350.66

Other services....................................... 21.39 23.20 22.97 22.49 658.81 723.84 728.15 708.44

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

Percent

change

from:

May

2020 -

June

2020p

June

2019

Apr.

2020

May

2020p

June

2020p

Percent

change

from:

May

2020 -

June

2020p

Total private..................................... 118.1 97.4 102.3 106.6 4.2 185.3 163.5 170.8 176.3 3.2

Goods-producing............................. 95.0 76.8 82.3 86.1 4.6 143.9 118.5 127.9 133.9 4.7

Mining and logging........................ 136.7 105.3 102.9 102.2 -0.7 237.4 190.7 183.8 181.7 -1.1

Construction................................ 111.2 91.0 101.9 104.5 2.6 171.1 140.8 159.5 165.7 3.9

Manufacturing.............................. 85.6 69.0 72.5 76.9 6.1 124.0 102.6 107.7 113.6 5.5

Durable goods........................... 87.4 67.3 71.1 77.0 8.3 125.8 98.9 104.8 113.2 8.0

Nondurable goods...................... 83.0 71.8 74.3 76.5 3.0 120.9 109.0 112.2 114.1 1.7

Private service-providing.................... 124.8 103.0 107.8 112.5 4.4 198.6 177.3 184.0 189.9 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 110.7 96.4 99.6 103.1 3.5 163.4 148.9 154.1 159.6 3.6

Wholesale trade......................... 108.8 96.4 98.0 100.3 2.3 167.6 153.0 155.8 158.7 1.9

Retail trade.............................. 102.2 87.2 92.0 96.2 4.6 145.4 131.6 140.8 148.9 5.8

Transportation and warehousing...... 140.7 123.9 125.3 128.7 2.7 201.4 181.0 183.0 186.4 1.9

Utilities.................................... 95.3 93.9 92.5 92.4 -0.1 146.0 149.0 145.9 148.6 1.9

Information................................. 93.5 84.1 83.1 83.6 0.6 155.8 148.5 145.5 146.6 0.8

Financial activities......................... 116.6 113.6 113.9 113.7 -0.2 198.4 201.3 204.2 203.0 -0.6

Professional and business services..... 137.5 120.4 123.6 125.3 1.4 226.8 213.0 217.5 218.5 0.5

Education and health services........... 145.6 129.2 132.8 137.8 3.8 232.6 215.2 221.6 229.9 3.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 131.4 57.1 73.9 90.4 22.3 215.5 94.7 121.3 149.4 23.2

Other services............................. 105.5 80.1 86.5 93.1 7.6 164.4 135.4 144.8 152.6 5.4

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.