Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-23-0674

8:30 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, April 12, 2023 

Technical information: (202) 691-7000 • cpi_info@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cpi 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

CONSUMER PRICE INDEX – MARCH 2023 

The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) rose 0.1 percent in March on a seasonally 

adjusted basis, after increasing 0.4 percent in February, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 

today. Over the last 12 months, the all items index increased 5.0 percent before seasonal adjustment. 

The index for shelter was by far the largest contributor to the monthly all items increase. This more than 

offset a decline in the energy index, which decreased 3.5 percent over the month as all major energy 

component indexes declined. The food index was unchanged in March with the food at home index 

falling 0.3 percent. 

The index for all items less food and energy rose 0.4 percent in March, after rising 0.5 percent in 

February. Indexes which increased in March include shelter, motor vehicle insurance, airline fares, 

household furnishings and operations, and new vehicles. The index for medical care and the index for 

used cars and trucks were among those that decreased over the month. 

The all items index increased 5.0 percent for the 12 months ending March; this was the smallest 12-

month increase since the period ending May 2021. The all items less food and energy index rose 5.6 

percent over the last 12 months. The energy index decreased 6.4 percent for the 12 months ending 

March, and the food index increased 8.5 percent over the last year. 

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Mar'22 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar'23

Chart 1. One-month percent change in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), seasonally adjusted, Mar. 2022 - Mar. 2023

Percent change

 1.0

 0.4

 0.9

 1.2

 0.0

 0.2

 0.4

 0.5

 0.2

 0.1

 0.5

 0.4

 0.1
- 2 -

Chart 2. 12-month percent change in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), not seasonally adjusted, Mar. 2022 - Mar. 2023

Percent change

All items All items less food and energy

5

6

7

8

9

10

Mar'22 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar'23

Table A. Percent changes in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average

1 Not seasonally adjusted.
- 3 -

Food 

The food index was unchanged in March. The food at home index fell 0.3 percent over the month, the 

first decline in that index since September 2020. Three of the six major grocery store food group indexes 

decreased over the month. The index for meats, poultry, fish, and eggs decreased 1.4 percent in March 

as the index for eggs fell 10.9 percent. The fruits and vegetables index declined 1.3 percent over the 

month, and the dairy and related products index decreased 0.1 percent. 

In contrast, the index for other food at home rose 0.4 percent in March, following a 0.3-percent increase 

the previous month. The cereals and bakery products index increased 0.6 percent over the month, and 

the nonalcoholic beverages index rose 0.2 percent. 

The food away from home index rose 0.6 percent in March, as it did in the previous 2 months. The index 

for full service meals increased 0.7 percent over the month and the index for limited service meals 

increased 0.5 percent. 

The food at home index rose 8.4 percent over the last 12 months. The index for cereals and bakery 

products rose 13.6 percent over the 12 months ending in March. The remaining major grocery store food 

groups posted increases ranging from 2.5 percent (fruits and vegetables) to 11.3 percent (nonalcoholic 

beverages).

The index for food away from home rose 8.8 percent over the last year. The index for full service meals 

rose 8.0 percent over the last 12 months, and the index for limited service meals rose 7.9 percent over 

the same period. 

Energy

The energy index fell 3.5 percent in March after decreasing 0.6 percent in February. The gasoline index 

decreased 4.6 percent in March, following a 1.0-percent increase in the previous month. (Before 

seasonal adjustment, gasoline prices rose 1.0 percent in March.) The natural gas index decreased 7.1

percent over the month, following an 8.0-percent decline in February. The index for electricity 

decreased 0.7 percent in March, the largest decline in that index since January 2021. 

The energy index fell 6.4 percent over the past 12 months. The gasoline index decreased 17.4 percent 

over the last 12 months, while the fuel oil index fell 14.2 percent over the span. In contrast, the index for 

electricity rose 10.2 percent over the last year, and the index for natural gas increased 5.5 percent over 

the same period. 

All items less food and energy

The index for all items less food and energy rose 0.4 percent in March after rising 0.5 percent in 

February. The shelter index increased 0.6 percent over the month after rising 0.8 percent in February. 

The index for rent and the index for owners’ equivalent rent both rose 0.5 percent in March following 

larger increases in the previous month. The index for lodging away from home increased 2.7 percent in 

March. 

The shelter index was the dominant factor in the monthly increase in the index for all items less food 

and energy. Among the other indexes that rose in March was the index for motor vehicle insurance, 

which increased 1.2 percent, and the index for airline fares which increased 4.0 percent. The indexes for 
- 4 -

household furnishings and operations, new vehicles, education, and apparel also increased in March. In 

contrast, the index for used cars and trucks fell 0.9 percent in March, continuing a recent downward 

trend. 

The medical care index fell 0.3 percent in March, after falling 0.5 percent in February. The index for 

hospital services fell 0.4 percent over the month, after being unchanged in February. The index for 

physicians’ services continued to decline, falling 0.2 percent after declining 0.5 percent in February. The 

prescription drugs index increased 0.1 percent in March. 

The index for all items less food and energy rose 5.6 percent over the past 12 months. The shelter index 

increased 8.2 percent over the last year, accounting for over 60 percent of the total increase in all items 

less food and energy. Other indexes with notable increases over the last year include motor vehicle 

insurance (+15.0 percent), household furnishings and operations (+5.6 percent), recreation (+4.8

percent), and new vehicles (+6.1 percent). 

Not seasonally adjusted CPI measures

The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) increased 5.0 percent over the last 12 

months to an index level of 301.836 (1982-84=100). For the month, the index increased 0.3 percent prior 

to seasonal adjustment. 

The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) increased 4.5 

percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 296.021 (1982-84=100). For the month, the index 

increased 0.3 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. 

The Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) increased 5.1 percent over the 

last 12 months. For the month, the index increased 0.3 percent on a not seasonally adjusted basis. Please 

note that the indexes for the past 10 to 12 months are subject to revision. 

_______________

The Consumer Price Index for April 2023 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, May 10, 

2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET). 
- 5 -

Technical Note

Brief Explanation of the CPI

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in prices paid by consumers for goods and 

services. The CPI reflects spending patterns for each of two population groups: all urban consumers and 

urban wage earners and clerical workers. The all urban consumer group represents over 90 percent of 

the total U.S. population. It is based on the expenditures of almost all residents of urban or metropolitan 

areas, including professionals, the self-employed, the poor, the unemployed, and retired people, as well 

as urban wage earners and clerical workers. Not included in the CPI are the spending patterns of people 

living in rural nonmetropolitan areas, farming families, people in the Armed Forces, and those in 

institutions, such as prisons and mental hospitals. Consumer inflation for all urban consumers is 

measured by two indexes, namely, the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) and the 

Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U). 

The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is based on the 

expenditures of households included in the CPI-U definition that meet two requirements: more than onehalf of the household's income must come from clerical or wage occupations, and at least one of the 

household's earners must have been employed for at least 37 weeks during the previous 12 months. The 

CPI-W population represents approximately 30 percent of the total U.S. population and is a subset of the 

CPI-U population.

The CPIs are based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, fuels, transportation, doctors’ and dentists’ 

services, drugs, and other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. Prices are collected 

each month in 75 urban areas across the country from about 6,000 housing units and approximately 

22,000 retail establishments (department stores, supermarkets, hospitals, filling stations, and other types 

of stores and service establishments). All taxes directly associated with the purchase and use of items are 

included in the index. Prices of fuels and a few other items are obtained every month in all 75 locations. 

Prices of most other commodities and services are collected every month in the three largest geographic 

areas and every other month in other areas. Prices of most goods and services are obtained by personal 

visit, telephone call, or web collection by the Bureau’s trained representatives.

In calculating the index, price changes for the various items in each location are aggregated using 

weights, which represent their importance in the spending of the appropriate population group. Local 

data are then combined to obtain a U.S. city average. For the CPI-U and CPI-W, separate indexes are 

also published by size of city, by region of the country, for cross-classifications of regions and 

population-size classes, and for 23 selected local areas. Area indexes do not measure differences in the 

level of prices among cities; they only measure the average change in prices for each area since the base 

period. For the C-CPI-U, data are issued only at the national level. The CPI-U and CPI-W are 

considered final when released, but the C-CPI-U is issued in preliminary form and subject to three 

subsequent quarterly revisions. 

The index measures price change from a designed reference date. For most of the CPI-U and the CPI-W, 

the reference base is 1982-84 equals 100. The reference base for the C-CPI-U is December 1999 equals 

100. An increase of 7 percent from the reference base, for example, is shown as 107.000. Alternatively, 

that relationship can also be expressed as the price of a base period market basket of goods and services 

rising from $100 to $107. 
- 6 -

Sampling Error in the CPI

The CPI is a statistical estimate that is subject to sampling error because it is based upon a sample of 

retail prices and not the complete universe of all prices. BLS calculates and publishes estimates of the 1-

month, 2-month, 6-month, and 12-month percent change standard errors annually for the CPI-U. These 

standard error estimates can be used to construct confidence intervals for hypothesis testing. For 

example, the estimated standard error of the 1-month percent change is 0.03 percent for the U.S. all 

items CPI. This means that if we repeatedly sample from the universe of all retail prices using the same 

methodology, and estimate a percentage change for each sample, then 95 percent of these estimates will 

be within 0.06 percent of the 1-month percentage change based on all retail prices. For example, for a 1-

month change of 0.2 percent in the all items CPI-U, we are 95 percent confident that the actual percent 

change based on all retail prices would fall between 0.14 and 0.26 percent. For the latest data, including 

information on how to use the estimates of standard error, see www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/varianceestimates/home.htm. 

Calculating Index Changes

Movements of the indexes from 1 month to another are usually expressed as percent changes rather than 

changes in index points, because index point changes are affected by the level of the index in relation to 

its base period, while percent changes are not. The following table shows an example of using index 

values to calculate percent changes:

Item A Item B Item C

Year I 112.500 225.000 110.000

Year II 121.500 243.000 128.000

Change in index 

points 9.000 18.000 18.000

Percent change 9.0/112.500 x 100 = 8.0 18.0/225.000 x 100 = 8.0 18.0/110.000 x 100 = 16.4

Use of Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) program produces both unadjusted and seasonally adjusted data. 

Seasonally adjusted data are computed using seasonal factors derived by the X-13ARIMA-SEATS 

seasonal adjustment method. These factors are updated each February, and the new factors are used to 

revise the previous 5 years of seasonally adjusted data. The factors are available at 

www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/seasonal-adjustment/seasonal-factors-2023.xlsx. For more information on data 

revision scheduling, please see the Factsheet on Seasonal Adjustment at www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonaladjustment/questions-and-answers.htm and the Timeline of Seasonal Adjustment Methodological 

Changes at www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonal-adjustment/timeline-seasonal-adjustment-methodologychanges.htm. 

How to Use Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data 

For analyzing short-term price trends in the economy, seasonally adjusted changes are usually preferred 

since they eliminate the effect of changes that normally occur at the same time and in about the same 

magnitude every year—such as price movements resulting from weather events, production cycles, 

model changeovers, holidays, and sales. This allows data users to focus on changes that are not typical 

for the time of year. 
- 7 -

The unadjusted data are of primary interest to consumers concerned about the prices they actually pay. 

Unadjusted data are also used extensively for escalation purposes. Many collective bargaining contract 

agreements and pension plans, for example, tie compensation changes to the Consumer Price Index 

before adjustment for seasonal variation. BLS advises against the use of seasonally adjusted data in 

escalation agreements because seasonally adjusted series are revised annually.

Intervention Analysis

The Bureau of Labor Statistics uses intervention analysis seasonal adjustment (IASA) for some CPI 

series. Sometimes extreme values or sharp movements can distort the underlying seasonal pattern of 

price change. Intervention analysis seasonal adjustment is a process by which the distortions caused by 

such unusual events are estimated and removed from the data prior to calculation of seasonal factors. 

The resulting seasonal factors, which more accurately represent the seasonal pattern, are then applied to 

the unadjusted data.

For example, this procedure was used for the motor fuel series to offset the effects of the 2009 return to 

normal pricing after the worldwide economic downturn in 2008. Retaining this outlier data during 

seasonal factor calculation would distort the computation of the seasonal portion of the time series data 

for motor fuel, so it was estimated and removed from the data prior to seasonal adjustment. Following 

that, seasonal factors were calculated based on this “prior adjusted” data. These seasonal factors 

represent a clearer picture of the seasonal pattern in the data. The last step is for motor fuel seasonal 

factors to be applied to the unadjusted data.

For the seasonal factors introduced for January 2023, BLS adjusted 57 series using intervention analysis 

seasonal adjustment, including selected food and beverage items, motor fuels and vehicles.

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Indexes

Seasonally adjusted data, including the U.S. city average all items index levels, are subject to revision 

for up to 5 years after their original release. Every year, economists in the CPI calculate new seasonal 

factors for seasonally adjusted series and apply them to the last 5 years of data. Seasonally adjusted 

indexes beyond the last 5 years of data are considered to be final and not subject to revision. For January 

2023, revised seasonal factors and seasonally adjusted indexes for 2018 to 2022 were calculated and 

published. For series which are directly adjusted using the Census X-13ARIMA-SEATS seasonal 

adjustment software, the seasonal factors for 2022 will be applied to data for 2023 to produce the 

seasonally adjusted 2023 indexes. Series which are indirectly seasonally adjusted by summing 

seasonally adjusted component series have seasonal factors which are derived and are therefore not 

available in advance.

Determining Seasonal Status

Each year the seasonal status of every series is reevaluated based upon certain statistical criteria. Using 

these criteria, BLS economists determine whether a series should change its status from "not seasonally 

adjusted" to "seasonally adjusted", or vice versa. If any of the 81 components of the U.S. city average all 

items index change their seasonal adjustment status from seasonally adjusted to not seasonally adjusted, 

not seasonally adjusted data will be used in the aggregation of the dependent series for the last 5 years, 

but the seasonally adjusted indexes before that period will not be changed. For 2023, 37 of the 81 

components of the U.S. city average all items index are not seasonally adjusted.
- 8 -

Contact Information 

For additional information about the CPI visit www.bls.gov/cpi or contact the CPI Information and 

Analysis Section at 202-691-7000 or cpi_info@bls.gov. 

For additional information on seasonal adjustment in the CPI visit www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonaladjustment/home.htm 

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services. 
Table 1. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Unadjusted indexes Unadjusted percent

change

Seasonally adjusted percent

change

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2022-

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2022-

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023-

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

All items............................................. 100.000 287.504 300.840 301.836 5.0 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.1

Food.............................................. 13.507 295.728 320.569 320.863 8.5 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.0

Food at home................................. 8.708 278.612 302.483 301.918 8.4 -0.2 0.4 0.3 -0.3

Cereals and bakery products............ 1.168 311.606 350.772 353.866 13.6 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.6

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs............ 1.830 305.116 321.803 318.306 4.3 -1.1 0.7 -0.1 -1.4

Dairy and related products............... 0.810 245.258 272.271 271.384 10.7 -0.3 0.0 0.1 -0.1

Fruits and vegetables..................... 1.501 337.503 351.249 345.814 2.5 -1.5 -0.5 0.2 -1.3

Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage

materials.................................. 1.053 194.342 215.925 216.329 11.3 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.2

Other food at home........................ 2.347 241.804 266.612 268.567 11.1 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.4

Food away from home1

...................... 4.798 321.689 347.869 349.944 8.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Energy............................................ 6.995 298.246 281.673 279.084 -6.4 -0.9 2.0 -0.6 -3.5

Energy commodities......................... 3.578 375.027 309.280 311.160 -17.0 0.6 1.9 0.5 -4.6

Fuel oil1..................................... 0.135 469.743 419.629 403.040 -14.2 -4.0 -1.2 -7.9 -4.0

Motor fuel................................... 3.379 368.440 302.153 304.575 -17.3 0.8 2.3 0.9 -4.7

Gasoline (all types)..................... 3.283 366.499 299.774 302.673 -17.4 1.0 2.4 1.0 -4.6

Energy services............................... 3.417 237.825 266.353 259.647 9.2 -2.5 2.1 -1.7 -2.3

Electricity.................................... 2.568 240.558 266.887 265.033 10.2 -0.7 0.5 0.5 -0.7

Utility (piped) gas service................. 0.849 225.679 258.976 238.182 5.5 -8.0 6.7 -8.0 -7.1

All items less food and energy................ 79.498 289.305 304.011 305.476 5.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4

Commodities less food and energy

commodities................................ 21.323 164.449 166.246 166.961 1.5 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.2

Apparel...................................... 2.592 128.919 132.039 133.112 3.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.3

New vehicles............................... 4.288 168.056 177.817 178.342 6.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4

Used cars and trucks...................... 2.554 208.216 183.241 184.997 -11.2 1.0 -1.9 -2.8 -0.9

Medical care commodities1

............... 1.453 385.084 396.560 398.917 3.6 0.6 1.1 0.1 0.6

Alcoholic beverages....................... 0.838 270.352 282.377 282.588 4.5 0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.1

Tobacco and smoking products1

. . . . . . .. 0.496 1,321.917 1,402.834 1,413.380 6.9 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.8

Services less energy services.............. 58.175 365.938 390.070 392.024 7.1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4

Shelter....................................... 34.473 346.618 372.510 374.971 8.2 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6

Rent of primary residence............. 7.533 361.083 391.141 392.910 8.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.5

Owners’ equivalent rent of

residences2

............................ 25.411 354.968 381.844 383.502 8.0 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.5

Medical care services..................... 6.525 589.652 598.778 595.745 1.0 -0.5 -0.7 -0.7 -0.5

Physicians’ services1

................... 1.819 409.998 413.034 412.119 0.5 -0.2 -0.1 -0.5 -0.2

Hospital services1, 3..................... 1.923 373.307 384.996 383.420 2.7 -0.4 0.5 0.0 -0.4

Transportation services................... 5.812 340.671 382.801 387.966 13.9 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.4

Motor vehicle maintenance and

repair1.................................. 1.106 329.992 372.572 373.865 13.3 0.3 1.3 0.2 0.3

Motor vehicle insurance................ 2.554 589.143 668.806 677.445 15.0 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.2

Airline fares.............................. 0.606 243.689 281.216 286.814 17.7 2.0 -2.1 6.4 4.0

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2

Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.

3

Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2023

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2022-

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2022-

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023-

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

All items................................................................. 100.000 5.0 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.1

Food.................................................................. 13.507 8.5 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.0

Food at home..................................................... 8.708 8.4 -0.2 0.4 0.3 -0.3

Cereals and bakery products................................. 1.168 13.6 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.6

Cereals and cereal products............................... 0.364 12.8 1.3 1.3 -0.1 0.6

Flour and prepared flour mixes......................... 0.061 17.5 0.6 -0.9 0.8 0.0

Breakfast cereal1

......................................... 0.143 12.5 2.4 0.4 -1.1 2.4

Rice, pasta, cornmeal.................................... 0.159 11.2 0.6 0.9 -0.1 0.2

Rice1, 2, 3................................................ 9.5 0.5 1.4 -0.5 0.5

Bakery products1

......................................... 0.804 13.9 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.7

Bread1, 2................................................. 0.226 15.2 0.4 0.2 1.2 0.4

White bread1, 3....................................... 16.5 1.0 -0.1 0.4 1.0

Bread other than white1, 3.......................... 13.8 -0.3 0.8 1.7 -0.3

Fresh biscuits, rolls, muffins2

......................... 0.119 10.3 -1.0 1.2 0.7 -0.7

Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies1

...................... 0.209 15.5 0.7 1.7 0.8 0.7

Cookies1, 3

........................................... 16.6 0.5 2.5 0.9 0.5

Fresh cakes and cupcakes1, 3..................... 13.0 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.8

Other bakery products................................ 0.250 13.3 1.8 0.4 -0.1 1.9

Fresh sweetrolls, coffeecakes, doughnuts1, 3

.... 8.3 1.3 -0.2 -0.7 1.3

Crackers, bread, and cracker products3

. . . . . . . .. 13.6 1.5 1.1 0.4 1.3

Frozen and refrigerated bakery products, pies,

tarts, turnovers3

................................... 16.2 2.6 1.2 -1.4 2.8

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs................................ 1.830 4.3 -1.1 0.7 -0.1 -1.4

Meats, poultry, and fish.................................... 1.664 2.4 -0.1 0.0 0.6 -0.5

Meats...................................................... 1.026 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.5 -0.3

Beef and veal.......................................... 0.436 -1.9 0.5 1.1 0.6 -0.3

Uncooked ground beef1

............................ 0.156 -1.4 0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.4

Uncooked beef roasts2............................. 0.057 -4.4 -1.2 2.0 -1.4 -2.3

Uncooked beef steaks2............................. 0.180 -0.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.4

Uncooked other beef and veal1, 2................. 0.043 -5.0 -0.4 0.9 -1.2 -0.4

Pork...................................................... 0.336 -0.6 -0.7 0.0 0.7 -1.1

Bacon, breakfast sausage, and related

products2.......................................... 0.142 -0.7 0.5 -0.5 -0.5 0.3

Bacon and related products3

.................... -5.5 1.0 -0.6 -1.5 1.0

Breakfast sausage and related products2, 3

. .. 8.1 0.1 0.6 1.4 -0.9

Ham................................................... 0.070 4.2 -1.4 3.0 3.3 -4.8

Ham, excluding canned3

........................ 4.2 -1.6 3.5 3.9 -5.1

Pork chops1

.......................................... 0.045 -1.0 -1.4 -3.5 2.3 -1.4

Other pork including roasts, steaks, and ribs2... 0.079 -4.4 -1.8 -2.3 1.8 -1.6

Other meats............................................ 0.255 8.8 1.1 -1.9 0.1 0.9

Frankfurters3

......................................... 5.8 -1.3 -3.5 1.6 -2.9

Lunchmeats1, 2, 3.................................... 10.5 1.3 -1.7 0.6 1.3

Poultry1.................................................. 0.348 7.5 -0.4 -0.1 0.1 -0.4

Chicken1, 2........................................... 0.278 6.5 -0.6 -0.6 0.2 -0.6

Fresh whole chicken1, 3.......................... 8.9 -0.8 -0.1 0.7 -0.8

Fresh and frozen chicken parts1, 3

............. 5.7 -0.4 -1.0 0.1 -0.4

Other uncooked poultry including turkey2........ 0.069 11.6 0.6 0.1 -0.4 1.0

Fish and seafood...................................... 0.290 2.6 -1.1 -0.1 1.5 -1.2

Fresh fish and seafood1, 2.......................... 0.142 2.0 -0.6 1.6 0.2 -0.6

Processed fish and seafood2

...................... 0.149 3.4 -1.6 -0.7 1.9 -0.4

Shelf stable fish and seafood3

.................. 3.5 -2.1 -2.3 3.8 -1.8

Frozen fish and seafood3

........................ 3.7 -1.4 -1.0 1.2 0.8

Eggs1

....................................................... 0.167 36.0 -10.9 8.5 -6.7 -10.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2023 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2022-

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2022-

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023-

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

Dairy and related products................................... 0.810 10.7 -0.3 0.0 0.1 -0.1

Milk2

........................................................... 0.200 5.5 -1.3 -0.4 0.2 -1.0

Fresh whole milk3........................................ 4.3 -1.2 -0.5 0.0 -1.3

Fresh milk other than whole2, 3......................... 6.5 -1.3 -0.5 0.1 -0.6

Cheese and related products1............................. 0.248 8.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 0.0

Ice cream and related products........................... 0.123 15.3 0.8 0.7 -0.7 1.2

Other dairy and related products2

........................ 0.239 16.0 -0.4 -0.2 1.3 -0.8

Fruits and vegetables......................................... 1.501 2.5 -1.5 -0.5 0.2 -1.3

Fresh fruits and vegetables................................ 1.117 -0.2 -1.9 -0.7 -0.1 -1.7

Fresh fruits................................................ 0.597 -1.5 -1.7 0.8 0.4 -1.7

Apples................................................... 0.085 5.2 0.0 1.9 -0.9 -0.5

Bananas1

............................................... 0.092 1.9 -1.5 1.5 1.7 -1.5

Citrus fruits2............................................ 0.174 -3.7 0.5 2.8 -0.2 -0.3

Oranges, including tangerines3.................... -3.1 -1.5 2.8 -1.8 0.5

Other fresh fruits2...................................... 0.246 -3.6 -3.8 -1.8 -1.4 -2.7

Fresh vegetables......................................... 0.520 1.4 -2.2 -2.3 -0.7 -1.7

Potatoes................................................. 0.089 9.7 -1.0 -2.9 2.8 -1.6

Lettuce.................................................. 0.073 1.2 -5.6 -3.6 -4.7 -5.7

Tomatoes............................................... 0.085 0.3 -3.4 -7.7 2.0 -2.1

Other fresh vegetables................................ 0.272 0.0 -1.3 -0.2 -1.6 -0.9

Processed fruits and vegetables2

...................... 0.384 11.1 -0.4 0.1 1.2 -0.3

Canned fruits and vegetables2

....................... 0.196 10.2 -0.5 -1.0 0.2 -0.7

Canned fruits2, 3

..................................... 11.6 -0.8 -1.3 0.9 -0.7

Canned vegetables2, 3.............................. 9.3 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.7

Frozen fruits and vegetables2........................ 0.112 15.1 0.0 -0.1 4.5 -0.2

Frozen vegetables3................................. 20.1 -0.3 1.5 4.8 -0.3

Other processed fruits and vegetables including

dried2

................................................. 0.076 7.9 -0.9 2.5 -0.6 -1.4

Dried beans, peas, and lentils1, 2, 3............... 1.3 -0.3 0.8 -3.2 -0.3

Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials. . . . . . . .. 1.053 11.3 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.2

Juices and nonalcoholic drinks2

........................... 0.738 11.7 0.3 -0.1 1.0 0.3

Carbonated drinks........................................ 0.309 11.5 0.3 -1.5 -0.1 0.4

Frozen noncarbonated juices and drinks1, 2. . . . . . . . .. 0.008 11.1 -0.4 1.5 3.7 -0.4

Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices and drinks2......... 0.421 11.9 0.3 1.2 1.8 0.3

Beverage materials including coffee and tea2........... 0.314 10.4 -0.1 0.9 0.5 0.0

Coffee...................................................... 0.203 10.3 -0.5 0.9 0.3 -0.4

Roasted coffee3

........................................ 10.4 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Instant coffee1, 3

........................................ 10.4 -2.4 3.6 1.1 -2.4

Other beverage materials including tea1, 2............ 0.112 10.5 0.7 0.5 1.6 0.7

Other food at home............................................ 2.347 11.1 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.4

Sugar and sweets1.......................................... 0.304 10.0 -0.2 1.7 0.5 -0.2

Sugar and sugar substitutes............................ 0.041 12.7 -0.3 0.0 2.1 -0.4

Candy and chewing gum1, 2............................. 0.192 9.6 0.0 1.7 -0.2 0.0

Other sweets2

............................................. 0.071 9.3 -0.9 0.8 1.5 -1.3

Fats and oils................................................. 0.261 15.9 -0.7 0.0 0.4 -0.6

Butter and margarine2................................... 0.085 17.3 -2.5 -0.8 -1.0 -3.7

Butter3

................................................... 8.7 -3.5 -1.7 -1.9 -6.0

Margarine1, 3

............................................ 33.4 -1.5 1.2 1.5 -1.5

Salad dressing2

........................................... 0.061 16.4 1.7 1.3 0.8 0.7

Other fats and oils including peanut butter2

. . . . . . . . .. 0.115 14.9 -0.7 -0.6 1.2 0.5

Peanut butter1, 2, 3..................................... 3.2 -2.3 -0.5 2.5 -2.3

Other foods................................................ 1.782 10.5 1.1 0.6 0.2 0.7

Soups.................................................... 0.106 11.2 1.2 1.8 -1.3 0.4

Frozen and freeze dried prepared foods........... 0.270 9.5 1.5 0.1 0.2 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2023 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2022-

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2022-

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023-

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

Snacks.................................................. 0.372 9.5 2.2 0.7 -0.9 1.6

Spices, seasonings, condiments, sauces........... 0.361 10.5 0.5 0.3 1.3 -0.3

Salt and other seasonings and spices2, 3

........ 7.0 1.9 0.6 1.0 1.7

Olives, pickles, relishes1, 2, 3....................... 13.1 1.1 0.0 0.8 1.1

Sauces and gravies2, 3............................. 13.7 0.7 0.3 2.2 -0.1

Other condiments3.................................. 13.7 0.1 6.2 0.6 -0.5

Baby food and formula1, 2............................ 0.037 7.6 -0.4 -0.5 0.5 -0.4

Other miscellaneous foods2.......................... 0.635 11.8 0.7 1.3 0.2 0.4

Prepared salads3, 4.................................. 11.5 0.5 2.8 0.3 1.4

Food away from home1.......................................... 4.798 8.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Full service meals and snacks1, 2............................ 2.302 8.0 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7

Limited service meals and snacks1, 2....................... 2.232 7.9 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.5

Food at employee sites and schools1, 2.................... 0.075 131.3 0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.2

Food at elementary and secondary schools1, 3, 5. . . . . .. 296.3 0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.3

Food from vending machines and mobile vendors1, 2. . .. 0.025 16.2 0.8 1.7 1.3 0.8

Other food away from home1, 2.............................. 0.165 6.3 0.7 0.0 0.6 0.7

Energy................................................................ 6.995 -6.4 -0.9 2.0 -0.6 -3.5

Energy commodities............................................. 3.578 -17.0 0.6 1.9 0.5 -4.6

Fuel oil and other fuels........................................ 0.200 -10.8 -2.7 -3.9 -6.4 -2.5

Fuel oil1

....................................................... 0.135 -14.2 -4.0 -1.2 -7.9 -4.0

Propane, kerosene, and firewood6

........................ 0.065 -2.8 0.0 -2.0 0.5 -0.5

Motor fuel....................................................... 3.379 -17.3 0.8 2.3 0.9 -4.7

Gasoline (all types)......................................... 3.283 -17.4 1.0 2.4 1.0 -4.6

Gasoline, unleaded regular3

............................ -18.0 0.9 1.5 1.5 -3.3

Gasoline, unleaded midgrade3, 7....................... -15.3 1.0 1.8 1.0 -5.3

Gasoline, unleaded premium3

.......................... -13.2 1.1 1.0 1.9 -5.2

Other motor fuels1, 2........................................ 0.095 -9.9 -4.9 -4.2 -2.0 -4.9

Energy services................................................... 3.417 9.2 -2.5 2.1 -1.7 -2.3

Electricity........................................................ 2.568 10.2 -0.7 0.5 0.5 -0.7

Utility (piped) gas service..................................... 0.849 5.5 -8.0 6.7 -8.0 -7.1

All items less food and energy.................................... 79.498 5.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4

Commodities less food and energy commodities............ 21.323 1.5 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.2

Household furnishings and supplies8

....................... 4.430 5.8 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.4

Window and floor coverings and other linens2

.......... 0.318 4.8 0.5 1.0 -1.3 0.7

Floor coverings1, 2........................................ 0.086 11.0 0.8 1.5 0.3 0.8

Window coverings1, 2..................................... 0.075 3.6 -0.5 5.8 -3.3 -0.5

Other linens2

.............................................. 0.157 2.9 0.8 -0.2 -1.1 0.8

Furniture and bedding1

..................................... 1.173 2.1 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.4

Bedroom furniture1

....................................... 0.383 0.3 -0.8 0.4 0.8 -0.8

Living room, kitchen, and dining room furniture1, 2. .. 0.571 3.3 0.6 -0.4 -0.8 0.6

Other furniture2........................................... 0.212 1.8 1.9 -1.2 1.2 1.6

Appliances2

.................................................. 0.292 1.1 0.6 1.4 0.7 0.7

Major appliances2

........................................ 0.106 -7.9 0.6 -2.4 -1.3 -0.1

Laundry equipment1, 3

................................. -3.1 2.6 1.6 -3.2 2.6

Other appliances1, 2...................................... 0.184 6.4 0.7 4.8 2.3 0.7

Other household equipment and furnishings2........... 0.585 -1.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.4

Clocks, lamps, and decorator items1

.................. 0.322 -3.0 0.1 1.5 1.3 0.1

Indoor plants and flowers9

.............................. 0.132 4.5 1.5 -0.1 -0.4 1.8

Dishes and flatware1, 2................................... 0.043 1.4 -2.1 3.3 1.9 -2.1

Nonelectric cookware and tableware2

................. 0.088 -1.4 -2.3 1.1 0.2 -2.6

Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment and supplies2

. . .. 1.090 11.3 0.4 0.6 2.7 0.2

Tools, hardware and supplies2......................... 0.273 11.0 0.9 -0.5 0.7 0.4

Outdoor equipment and supplies2

...................... 0.575 12.1 0.2 1.5 3.9 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2023 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2022-

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2022-

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023-

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

Housekeeping supplies1.................................... 0.971 10.3 0.5 1.4 0.5 0.5

Household cleaning products1, 2........................ 0.326 7.6 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.0

Household paper products1, 2........................... 0.175 10.9 1.4 -0.9 -0.2 1.4

Miscellaneous household products1, 2................. 0.469 12.2 -0.2 2.3 0.7 -0.2

Apparel.......................................................... 2.592 3.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.3

Men’s and boys’ apparel................................... 0.678 2.9 0.6 1.4 -0.4 1.0

Men’s apparel............................................. 0.502 2.7 0.4 1.9 -1.5 1.2

Men’s suits, sport coats, and outerwear............ 0.068 4.3 -0.4 2.5 -4.7 0.9

Men’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories1

......................................... 0.182 3.2 -0.4 5.5 1.4 -0.4

Men’s shirts and sweaters2

........................... 0.125 1.3 -0.6 -0.4 0.4 0.5

Men’s pants and shorts............................... 0.117 2.8 3.1 1.0 -4.0 5.6

Boys’ apparel............................................. 0.176 3.4 1.3 -0.8 4.2 0.2

Women’s and girls’ apparel................................ 1.065 4.1 1.2 0.3 1.2 0.4

Women’s apparel......................................... 0.886 3.7 1.4 -0.1 1.0 0.4

Women’s outerwear................................... 0.049 4.4 2.6 0.0 2.7 4.3

Women’s dresses...................................... 0.097 1.5 3.4 -1.2 6.5 -1.3

Women’s suits and separates2

....................... 0.402 2.9 1.5 -1.0 1.1 -0.4

Women’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories2......................................... 0.326 5.8 0.6 2.0 0.3 -0.5

Girls’ apparel.............................................. 0.179 5.7 0.3 2.2 1.9 0.4

Footwear..................................................... 0.514 0.3 0.1 -0.2 1.4 -0.5

Men’s footwear1.......................................... 0.185 -2.3 -1.6 1.6 0.4 -1.6

Boys’ and girls’ footwear................................ 0.121 2.2 3.5 -0.9 -0.4 2.9

Women’s footwear........................................ 0.208 1.7 -0.4 0.6 2.9 -1.0

Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel.............................. 0.106 4.0 -0.4 3.7 0.8 -0.3

Jewelry and watches6

...................................... 0.230 7.3 1.6 1.3 1.5 -0.3

Watches1, 6................................................ 0.038 0.4 -4.2 2.2 1.8 -4.2

Jewelry6

.................................................... 0.192 8.6 2.8 0.3 0.5 1.9

Transportation commodities less motor fuel8

.............. 7.569 -1.8 0.5 -0.7 -0.9 0.0

New vehicles................................................. 4.288 6.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4

New cars3................................................. 6.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.6

New trucks3, 10............................................ 6.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Used cars and trucks....................................... 2.554 -11.2 1.0 -1.9 -2.8 -0.9

Motor vehicle parts and equipment1...................... 0.483 6.4 0.1 0.3 -0.5 0.1

Tires1....................................................... 0.329 4.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.4 -0.1

Vehicle accessories other than tires1, 2................ 0.154 10.3 0.6 0.9 -0.7 0.6

Vehicle parts and equipment other than tires1, 3

... 8.6 1.2 1.4 -1.3 1.2

Motor oil, coolant, and fluids1, 3

...................... 14.2 0.7 -1.8 0.0 0.7

Medical care commodities1

................................... 1.453 3.6 0.6 1.1 0.1 0.6

Medicinal drugs1, 8.......................................... 1.340 3.2 0.5 1.2 0.1 0.5

Prescription drugs1....................................... 0.952 2.7 0.1 2.1 0.0 0.1

Nonprescription drugs1, 8................................ 0.388 4.7 1.5 -0.9 0.4 1.5

Medical equipment and supplies1, 8....................... 0.112 9.3 1.2 -0.8 0.2 1.2

Recreation commodities8

..................................... 2.285 3.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2

Video and audio products8

................................. 0.282 -5.5 -0.6 0.7 -1.4 -0.2

Televisions................................................ 0.139 -14.0 -1.8 0.0 -3.0 -1.0

Other video equipment2

................................. 0.016 -3.5 3.1 0.7 -1.1 3.4

Audio equipment1

........................................ 0.057 4.9 -0.4 2.8 1.2 -0.4

Recorded music and music subscriptions1, 2. . . . . . . .. 0.059 3.3 0.9 0.2 -0.4 0.9

Pets and pet products1

..................................... 0.669 10.3 0.8 0.2 1.1 0.8

Pet food1, 2, 3

.............................................. 14.4 1.6 0.2 1.2 1.6

Purchase of pets, pet supplies, accessories1, 2, 3

. . .. 4.4 -0.3 0.4 0.5 -0.3

Sporting goods1

............................................. 0.759 1.1 -0.6 0.5 0.2 -0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2023 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2022-

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2022-

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023-

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

Sports vehicles including bicycles1..................... 0.441 2.1 -0.8 1.1 0.6 -0.8

Sports equipment1

........................................ 0.309 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4

Photographic equipment and supplies................... 0.021 6.3 0.9 -0.3 0.2 1.0

Photographic equipment2, 3............................. 5.1 0.9 -1.1 1.0 0.8

Recreational reading materials1........................... 0.112 3.8 0.9 -0.4 0.3 0.9

Newspapers and magazines1, 2........................ 0.060 6.2 1.5 0.0 0.2 1.5

Recreational books1, 2................................... 0.052 0.6 0.1 -0.9 0.4 0.1

Other recreational goods2.................................. 0.443 2.4 0.6 -0.8 1.2 0.9

Toys........................................................ 0.357 2.0 0.3 -1.2 1.6 0.7

Toys, games, hobbies and playground

equipment2, 3......................................... 1.5 0.5 -2.0 0.1 0.9

Sewing machines, fabric and supplies1, 2............. 0.022 1.8 2.8 1.5 -5.1 2.8

Music instruments and accessories1, 2................ 0.052 5.5 1.8 0.5 1.9 1.8

Education and communication commodities8

.............. 0.912 -10.2 -0.5 -0.1 -0.8 -0.5

Educational books and supplies1

......................... 0.097 0.7 -1.4 -0.4 0.0 -1.4

College textbooks1, 3, 11.................................. 1.4 -1.2 -0.3 0.1 -1.2

Information technology commodities8.................... 0.815 -11.5 -0.4 0.0 -0.9 -0.4

Computers, peripherals, and smart home

assistants1, 4............................................ 0.372 -5.8 0.6 0.3 1.3 0.6

Computer software and accessories1, 2............... 0.023 -1.0 -0.5 0.5 0.9 -0.5

Telephone hardware, calculators, and other

consumer information items1, 2....................... 0.419 -17.1 -1.3 -0.3 -2.8 -1.3

Smartphones1, 3, 12

..................................... -23.9 -2.6 -1.1 -3.2 -2.6

Alcoholic beverages........................................... 0.838 4.5 0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.1

Alcoholic beverages at home.............................. 0.509 3.9 0.0 0.4 -0.1 -0.2

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages at home........ 0.195 6.1 0.2 0.2 -0.1 -0.2

Distilled spirits at home1

................................. 0.087 2.1 -0.9 0.9 0.2 -0.9

Whiskey at home1, 3

................................... 1.0 0.0 0.2 -0.3 0.0

Distilled spirits, excluding whiskey, at home1, 3

. . .. 2.5 -1.0 0.8 0.5 -1.0

Wine at home1

............................................ 0.227 2.7 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.1

Alcoholic beverages away from home1

.................. 0.329 5.8 0.3 0.6 -0.3 0.3

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages away from

home1, 2, 3

............................................... 5.5 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.3

Wine away from home1, 2, 3

............................. 6.9 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2

Distilled spirits away from home1, 2, 3.................. 5.1 0.2 0.3 -0.8 0.2

Other goods8................................................... 1.244 6.9 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5

Tobacco and smoking products1

.......................... 0.496 6.9 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.8

Cigarettes1, 2.............................................. 0.411 7.4 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.0

Tobacco products other than cigarettes1, 2............ 0.078 3.8 -0.7 0.2 2.1 -0.7

Personal care products1

.................................... 0.596 6.5 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.8

Hair, dental, shaving, and miscellaneous personal

care products1, 2....................................... 0.312 8.7 1.3 -0.3 0.7 1.3

Cosmetics, perfume, bath, nail preparations and

implements1

............................................ 0.273 4.2 0.4 1.0 0.3 0.4

Miscellaneous personal goods1, 2......................... 0.153 8.3 -1.3 3.1 0.8 -1.3

Stationery, stationery supplies, gift wrap3............. 10.4 -1.0 0.5 -0.1 -1.1

Services less energy services.................................. 58.175 7.1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4

Shelter........................................................... 34.473 8.2 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6

Rent of shelter13............................................. 34.102 8.3 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6

Rent of primary residence............................... 7.533 8.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.5

Lodging away from home2

.............................. 1.158 7.3 7.2 1.2 2.3 2.7

Housing at school, excluding board13............... 0.161 3.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other lodging away from home including hotels

and motels........................................... 0.997 8.1 8.4 1.5 2.6 3.1

Owners’ equivalent rent of residences13.............. 25.411 8.0 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2023 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2022-

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2022-

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023-

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence13. .. 24.026 8.1 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.5

Tenants’ and household insurance1, 2................. 0.371 0.9 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Water and sewer and trash collection services2........... 1.062 5.4 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.3

Water and sewerage maintenance....................... 0.760 4.9 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.3

Garbage and trash collection1, 10......................... 0.301 6.7 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.2

Household operations1, 2......................................

Domestic services1, 2....................................... 0.257 1.2 0.0 0.5 -1.3 0.0

Gardening and lawncare services1, 2.....................

Moving, storage, freight expense1, 2...................... 0.102 0.8 1.5 0.5 -3.2 1.5

Repair of household items1, 2.............................. 0.111

Medical care services......................................... 6.525 1.0 -0.5 -0.7 -0.7 -0.5

Professional services....................................... 3.562 2.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 0.0

Physicians’ services1

..................................... 1.819 0.5 -0.2 -0.1 -0.5 -0.2

Dental services........................................... 0.914 6.8 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.3

Eyeglasses and eye care1, 6............................ 0.310 1.5 0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.1

Services by other medical professionals1, 6........... 0.519 -0.2 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.4

Hospital and related services1

............................. 2.260 3.2 -0.2 0.7 0.1 -0.2

Hospital services1, 14..................................... 1.923 2.7 -0.4 0.5 0.0 -0.4

Inpatient hospital services1, 14, 3

..................... 2.3 -0.7 0.5 0.0 -0.7

Outpatient hospital services1, 3, 6

.................... 4.1 0.9 0.5 -0.1 0.9

Nursing homes and adult day services14.............. 0.189 6.2 0.5 1.4 0.9 0.4

Care of invalids and elderly at home1, 5............... 0.148 6.2 1.0 1.6 0.5 1.0

Health insurance1, 5......................................... 0.703 -10.7 -4.2 -3.6 -4.1 -4.2

Transportation services....................................... 5.812 13.9 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.4

Leased cars and trucks1, 11................................ 0.740 1.0

Car and truck rental2....................................... 0.118 -8.9 4.3 3.0 -0.5 -3.8

Motor vehicle maintenance and repair1

.................. 1.106 13.3 0.3 1.3 0.2 0.3

Motor vehicle body work1............................... 0.4 0.9

Motor vehicle maintenance and servicing1............ 0.573 10.8 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4

Motor vehicle repair1, 2................................... 0.419 17.4 0.2 2.7 -0.3 0.2

Motor vehicle insurance.................................... 2.554 15.0 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.2

Motor vehicle fees1, 2....................................... 0.496 2.9 -0.3 1.2 0.4 -0.3

State motor vehicle registration and license

fees1, 2................................................... 0.278 3.5 0.1 1.0 0.4 0.1

Parking and other fees1, 2............................... 0.197 1.9 -0.8 1.5 0.5 -0.8

Parking fees and tolls2, 3.............................. 2.4 -0.4 0.7 0.0 0.4

Public transportation........................................ 0.799 12.4 1.6 -1.8 3.2 3.2

Airline fares................................................ 0.606 17.7 2.0 -2.1 6.4 4.0

Other intercity transportation............................ 0.048 1.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.8

Ship fare1, 2, 3

........................................... -2.7 0.3 -0.6 0.7 0.3

Intracity transportation1.................................. 0.140 -0.3 0.2 -1.1 -0.9 0.2

Intracity mass transit1, 3, 8............................. 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Recreation services8

.......................................... 3.121 5.9 0.1 0.7 1.2 0.0

Video and audio services8

................................. 0.996 5.8 1.2 0.6 1.6 0.9

Cable, satellite, and live streaming television

service10................................................ 0.879 5.9 1.6 0.5 1.8 1.2

Purchase, subscription, and rental of video1, 2. . . . . .. 0.116 6.7 -1.2 1.0 0.0 -1.2

Video discs and other media1, 2, 3

................... 7.0 -4.0 -0.2 1.4 -4.0

Subscription and rental of video and video

games1, 2, 3

........................................... 6.2 -0.5 0.8 -0.3 -0.5

Pet services including veterinary2

......................... 0.548 8.6 0.6 1.0 1.8 0.5

Pet services1, 2, 3

.......................................... 8.0 0.8 1.5 0.5 0.8

Veterinarian services2, 3

................................. 7.7 0.9 0.5 2.2 0.8

Photographers and photo processing1, 2................. 0.039 6.5 -1.0 2.7 1.2 -1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2023 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2022-

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2022-

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023-

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

Other recreation services2................................. 1.537 5.3 -0.7 0.7 0.7 -0.7

Club membership for shopping clubs, fraternal, or

other organizations, or participant sports fees1, 2.. 0.676 4.8 -0.4 0.5 0.8 -0.4

Admissions1

............................................... 0.442 5.6 -1.6 1.0 1.1 -1.6

Admission to movies, theaters, and

concerts1, 2, 3......................................... 6.5 1.1 0.9 -0.2 1.1

Admission to sporting events1, 2, 3................... 3.9 -3.9 0.4 4.2 -3.9

Fees for lessons or instructions1, 6..................... 0.183 7.1 -0.2 1.1 -0.4 -0.2

Education and communication services8

................... 4.874 3.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3

Tuition, other school fees, and childcare................. 2.150 3.7 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.6

College tuition and fees................................. 1.180 2.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2

Elementary and high school tuition and fees......... 0.304 3.7 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

Day care and preschool9

................................ 0.566 6.8 1.0 0.7 0.0 1.4

Technical and business school tuition and fees1, 2... 0.026 2.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

Postage and delivery services2

........................... 0.075 7.2 -0.2 1.5 0.2 0.1

Postage.................................................... 0.064 6.7 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.3

Delivery services2........................................ 0.011 10.5 -1.3 2.6 1.3 -1.4

Telephone services1, 2...................................... 1.667 2.0 -0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.4

Wireless telephone services1, 2......................... 1.421 1.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.3 -0.4

Residential telephone services1, 8...................... 0.246 6.8 -0.3 1.7 1.7 -0.3

Internet services and electronic information

providers1, 2............................................... 0.975 3.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9

Other personal services1, 8................................... 1.439 5.3 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.5

Personal care services1

.................................... 0.604 5.4 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2

Haircuts and other personal care services1, 2. . . . . . .. 0.604 5.4 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2

Miscellaneous personal services1

......................... 0.835 5.2 0.7 0.8 1.4 0.7

Legal services1, 6......................................... 0.239 4.9 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.2

Funeral expenses1, 6..................................... 0.168 5.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5

Laundry and dry cleaning services1, 2................. 0.142 6.3 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.2

Apparel services other than laundry and dry

cleaning1, 2.............................................. 0.027 9.7 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.4

Financial services1, 6..................................... 0.181 4.6 1.8 2.5 2.8 1.8

Checking account and other bank services1, 2, 3

... 2.2 0.1 0.1 -0.3 0.1

Tax return preparation and other accounting

fees1, 2, 3.............................................. 2.4 3.5 4.0 2.4

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2

Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.

3 Special index based on a substantially smaller sample.

4

Indexes on a December 2007=100 base.

5

Indexes on a December 2005=100 base.

6

Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.

7

Indexes on a December 1993=100 base.

8

Indexes on a December 2009=100 base.

9

Indexes on a December 1990=100 base.

10 Indexes on a December 1983=100 base.

11 Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.

12 Indexes on a December 2019=100 base.

13 Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.

14 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.
Table 3. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, special aggregate indexes,

March 2023

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Special aggregate indexes

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Unadjusted indexes Unadjusted percent

change

Seasonally adjusted percent

change

Mar.

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2022-

Mar.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

Dec.

2022-

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023-

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023-

Mar.

2023

All items less food................................... 86.493 286.196 297.808 298.906 4.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.1

All items less shelter................................ 65.527 267.420 276.174 276.610 3.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 -0.2

All items less food and shelter..................... 52.021 260.018 265.242 265.706 2.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 -0.3

All items less food, shelter, and energy.......... 45.025 257.366 266.085 267.003 3.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

All items less food, shelter, energy, and used

cars and trucks.................................... 42.471 258.321 270.667 271.501 5.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

All items less medical care......................... 92.023 275.372 288.849 289.965 5.3 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.1

All items less energy................................ 93.005 289.456 305.570 306.869 6.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

Commodities......................................... 38.408 219.057 221.731 222.457 1.6 0.3 0.4 0.2 -0.3

Commodities less food, energy, and used

cars and trucks................................. 18.769 158.413 164.512 165.102 4.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3

Commodities less food........................... 24.901 183.946 179.508 180.326 -2.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 -0.5

Commodities less food and beverages........ 24.062 180.695 175.907 176.732 -2.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 -0.6

Services.............................................. 61.592 354.058 378.481 379.743 7.3 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.3

Services less rent of shelter1

.................... 27.491 372.608 395.480 395.158 6.1 -0.1 0.6 0.1 0.0

Services less medical care services........... 55.068 336.208 361.699 363.264 8.0 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.4

Durables.............................................. 12.496 127.471 125.825 126.227 -1.0 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.4

Nondurables.......................................... 25.912 265.380 271.873 272.775 2.8 0.3 0.8 0.4 -0.6

Nondurables less food........................... 12.405 239.355 231.189 232.561 -2.8 0.6 0.9 0.6 -2.1

Nondurables less food and beverages. . . . . . .. 11.567 237.431 228.028 229.467 -3.4 0.6 1.0 0.6 -2.3

Nondurables less food, beverages, and

apparel.......................................... 8.974 310.037 292.689 294.383 -5.0 0.6 1.2 0.4 -2.8

Nondurables less food and apparel............ 9.813 304.859 290.240 291.794 -4.3 0.5 1.1 0.4 -2.5

Housing............................................... 44.451 293.577 315.431 316.514 7.8 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.3

Education and communication2

.................... 5.786 143.475 145.407 145.481 1.4 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2

Education2

......................................... 2.247 278.388 287.651 288.260 3.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.5

Communication2

.................................. 3.539 75.866 75.786 75.748 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0

Information and information processing2

.... 3.464 71.568 71.370 71.336 -0.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0

Information technology, hardware and

services3...................................... 1.797 7.371 7.125 7.147 -3.0 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.3

Recreation2

........................................... 5.406 129.437 135.519 135.693 4.8 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.1

Video and audio2................................. 1.277 112.236 115.056 116.021 3.4 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.7

Pets, pet products and services2............... 1.216 196.819 213.861 215.341 9.4 0.7 0.6 1.4 0.7

Photography2...................................... 0.062 79.189 84.664 84.322 6.5 -0.4 1.6 0.8 -0.4

Food and beverages................................ 14.345 294.064 318.050 318.338 8.3 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.0

Domestically produced farm food............... 7.274 288.245 312.657 312.069 8.3 -0.2 0.7 0.2 -0.2

Other services....................................... 9.434 384.312 400.518 401.293 4.4 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.2

Apparel less footwear............................... 2.078 120.430 123.971 125.205 4.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.5

Fuels and utilities.................................... 4.678 283.376 309.960 304.032 7.3 -1.9 1.6 -1.4 -1.7

Household energy................................ 3.617 238.029 263.358 256.705 7.8 -2.5 1.8 -2.0 -2.3

Medical care......................................... 7.977 539.739 549.487 547.805 1.5 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3

Transportation....................................... 16.759 264.525 259.712 261.969 -1.0 0.9 0.4 0.2 -0.5

Private transportation............................ 15.960 264.669 258.339 260.495 -1.6 0.8 0.5 0.0 -0.7

New and used motor vehicles2

............... 7.943 126.417 125.178 126.280 -0.1 0.9 -0.5 -0.6 0.2

Utilities and public transportation.................. 7.824 238.961 257.578 255.430 6.9 -0.8 1.3 -0.3 -0.8

Household furnishings and operations........... 5.300 141.358 148.826 149.230 5.6 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.4

Other goods and services.......................... 2.683 498.538 526.196 528.811 6.1 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.5

Personal care..................................... 2.187 254.111 267.871 269.047 5.9 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.4

1

Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.

2

Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.

3

Indexes on a December 1988=100 base.
Table 4. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): Selected areas, all items index, March 2023

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Area Pricing

Schedule1

Percent change to Mar. 2023 from: Percent change to Feb. 2023 from:

Mar.

2022

Jan.

2023

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2022

Dec.

2022

Jan.

2023

U.S. city average............................................... M 5.0 0.9 0.3 6.0 1.4 0.6

Region and area size2

Northeast...................................................... M 4.3 0.3 -0.2 5.9 1.2 0.5

Northeast - Size Class A................................. M 4.8 0.5 -0.1 6.3 1.4 0.6

Northeast - Size Class B/C3

............................. M 3.6 0.0 -0.4 5.4 1.0 0.5

New England4............................................. M 3.6 0.2 0.0 5.1 1.1 0.2

Middle Atlantic4

............................................ M 4.6 0.3 -0.3 6.2 1.3 0.7

Midwest....................................................... M 4.9 1.1 0.6 5.6 1.3 0.5

Midwest - Size Class A................................... M 4.7 1.1 0.6 5.4 1.1 0.4

Midwest - Size Class B/C3............................... M 5.0 1.1 0.6 5.7 1.4 0.5

East North Central4

....................................... M 5.1 1.1 0.8 5.6 1.3 0.4

West North Central4....................................... M 4.3 0.9 0.2 5.4 1.2 0.7

South.......................................................... M 5.3 1.0 0.4 6.4 1.4 0.6

South - Size Class A...................................... M 5.4 1.2 0.5 6.4 1.3 0.7

South - Size Class B/C3.................................. M 5.2 0.9 0.3 6.4 1.5 0.6

South Atlantic4

............................................. M 5.6 1.1 0.5 6.4 1.2 0.6

East South Central4

....................................... M 5.2 1.2 0.3 6.5 1.8 1.0

West South Central4

...................................... M 4.7 0.7 0.2 6.3 1.6 0.5

West........................................................... M 5.1 1.0 0.5 6.0 1.4 0.5

West - Size Class A...................................... M 5.0 0.7 0.3 6.2 1.6 0.4

West - Size Class B/C3

................................... M 5.2 1.4 0.7 5.7 1.2 0.7

Mountain4

................................................... M 6.0 1.5 0.8 6.7 1.3 0.7

Pacific4

...................................................... M 4.8 0.8 0.4 5.7 1.5 0.4

Size classes

Size Class A5

................................................. M 5.0 0.8 0.3 6.1 1.4 0.5

Size Class B/C3.............................................. M 4.9 0.9 0.3 6.0 1.3 0.6

Selected local areas

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI........................ M 4.4 1.2 0.8 5.0 1.2 0.4

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA.................. M 3.7 -0.2 0.1 5.1 1.6 -0.3

New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA............... M 4.6 0.3 -0.1 6.0 1.2 0.4

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA....................... 2 7.2 1.5

Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD6

......................... 2 6.1 1.2

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI............................... 2 7.0 1.9

Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX................ 2 5.2 1.9

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL........... 2

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD....... 2 6.9 2.0

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ7

............................. 2 8.5 1.2

San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA..................... 2 5.3 1.8

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA............................. 2 8.0 1.4

St. Louis, MO-IL.............................................. 2 5.9 0.8

Urban Alaska................................................. 2 4.3 0.1

Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH....................... 1 4.7 0.2

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX............................ 1 5.8 1.3

Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO............................. 1 5.7 1.3

Minneapolis-St.Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI................ 1 3.4 0.4

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA4

................... 1 4.6 0.0

San Diego-Carlsbad, CA.................................... 1 5.3 1.0

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL8

................... 1 7.7 1.1

Urban Hawaii................................................. 1 3.3 0.6

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV6

. . . .. 1 3.7 1.3

1 Foods, fuels, and several other items are priced every month in all areas. Most other goods and services are priced as indicated: M - Every month.

1 - January, March, May, July, September, and November. 2 - February, April, June, August, October, and December.

2 Regions defined as the four Census regions.
3

Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.

4

Indexes on a December 2017=100 base.

5

Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.

6

1998 - 2017 indexes based on substantially smaller sample.

7

Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.

8

Indexes on a 1987=100 base.

NOTE: Local area indexes are byproducts of the national CPI program. Each local index has a smaller sample size than the national index and is,

therefore, subject to substantially more sampling and other measurement error. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national

index, although their long-term trends are similar. Therefore, the Bureau of Labor Statistics strongly urges users to consider adopting the national

average CPI for use in their escalator clauses.
Table 5. Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) and the Consumer Price Index for

All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, all items index, March 2023

[Percent changes]

Month Year

Unadjusted 1-month percent change Unadjusted 12-month percent change

C-CPI-U1 CPI-U C-CPI-U1 CPI-U

December 2010............................. 1.3 1.5

December 2011............................. 2.9 3.0

December 2012............................. 1.5 1.7

December 2013............................. 1.3 1.5

December 2014............................. 0.5 0.8

December 2015............................. 0.4 0.7

December 2016............................. 1.8 2.1

December 2017............................. 1.7 2.1

December 2018............................. 1.5 1.9

December 2019............................. 1.8 2.3

December 2020............................. 1.5 1.4

January 2021............................... 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.4

February 2021.............................. 0.5 0.5 1.8 1.7

March 2021.................................. 0.6 0.7 2.6 2.6

April 2021.................................... 0.8 0.8 4.0 4.2

May 2021.................................... 0.7 0.8 4.9 5.0

June 2021................................... 0.8 0.9 5.1 5.4

July 2021.................................... 0.5 0.5 5.0 5.4

August 2021................................. 0.1 0.2 4.8 5.3

September 2021............................ 0.3 0.3 5.0 5.4

October 2021............................... 0.7 0.8 5.8 6.2

November 2021............................. 0.4 0.5 6.4 6.8

December 2021............................. 0.2 0.3 6.5 7.0

January 2022............................... 0.8 0.8 6.8 7.5

February 2022.............................. 0.9 0.9 7.3 7.9

March 2022.................................. 1.4 1.3 8.1 8.5

April 2022.................................... 0.6 0.6 7.9 8.3

May 2022.................................... 1.0 1.1 8.1 8.6

June 2022................................... 1.2 1.4 8.5 9.1

July 2022.................................... 0.1 0.0 8.1 8.5

August 2022................................. 0.1 0.0 8.1 8.3

September 2022............................ 0.3 0.2 8.1 8.2

October 2022............................... 0.4 0.4 7.7 7.7

November 2022............................. -0.1 -0.1 7.2 7.1

December 2022............................. -0.2 -0.3 6.6 6.5

January 2023............................... 0.8 0.8 6.6 6.4

February 2023.............................. 0.6 0.6 6.2 6.0

March 2023.................................. 0.3 0.3 5.1 5.0

1 The C-CPI-U is designed to be a closer approximation to a cost-of-living index in that it, in its final form, accounts for any substitution that

consumers make across item categories in response to changes in relative prices. Since the expenditure data required for the calculation of the

C-CPI-U are available only with a time lag, the C-CPI-U is issued first in preliminary form using the latest available expenditure data at that time and

is subject to four revisions.

Indexes are issued as initial estimates. Indexes are revised each quarter with the publication of January, April, July, and October data as updated

expenditure estimates become available. The C-CPI-U indexes are updated quarterly until they become final. January-March indexes are final in

January of the following year; April-June indexes are final in April of the following year; July-September indexes are final in July of the following year;

October-December indexes are final in October of the following year.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023, 1-month analysis table

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2023-

Mar. 2023

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2023-

Mar. 20231

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

All items................................................................. 100.000 0.1 0.04 S-Dec.2022 0.1

Food.................................................................. 13.507 0.0 0.002 0.09 S-Nov.2020 0.0

Food at home..................................................... 8.708 -0.3 -0.027 0.13 S-Sep.2020 -0.3

Cereals and bakery products................................. 1.168 0.6 0.007 0.28 L-Jan.2023 1.0

Cereals and cereal products............................... 0.364 0.6 0.002 0.45 L-Jan.2023 1.3

Flour and prepared flour mixes......................... 0.061 0.0 0.000 0.99 S-Jan.2023 -0.9

Breakfast cereal4

......................................... 0.143 2.4 0.003 0.86 L-Jun.2022 2.5

Rice, pasta, cornmeal.................................... 0.159 0.2 0.000 0.59 L-Jan.2023 0.9

Rice4, 5, 6

................................................ 0.5 0.80 L-Jan.2023 1.4

Bakery products4

......................................... 0.804 0.7 0.006 0.37 – –

Bread4, 5................................................. 0.226 0.4 0.001 0.56 S-Jan.2023 0.2

White bread4, 6

....................................... 1.0 0.85 L-Dec.2022 1.3

Bread other than white4, 6

.......................... -0.3 0.78 S-Dec.2022 -0.7

Fresh biscuits, rolls, muffins5

......................... 0.119 -0.7 -0.001 0.87 S-Dec.2021 -1.0

Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies4...................... 0.209 0.7 0.002 0.66 S-Dec.2022 0.3

Cookies4, 6........................................... 0.5 0.89 S-Oct.2022 0.3

Fresh cakes and cupcakes4, 6

..................... 0.8 1.29 L-Jan.2023 1.1

Other bakery products................................ 0.250 1.9 0.005 0.79 L-Jul.2021 2.0

Fresh sweetrolls, coffeecakes, doughnuts4, 6

.... 1.3 0.99 L-Dec.2022 2.6

Crackers, bread, and cracker products6. . . . . . . .. 1.3 1.05 L-Nov.2022 1.7

Frozen and refrigerated bakery products, pies,

tarts, turnovers6................................... 2.8 1.31 L-Oct.2021 3.2

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs................................ 1.830 -1.4 -0.026 0.27 S-Jul.2020 -3.7

Meats, poultry, and fish.................................... 1.664 -0.5 -0.008 0.28 S-Aug.2020 -1.2

Meats...................................................... 1.026 -0.3 -0.003 0.34 S-Jun.2022 -0.6

Beef and veal.......................................... 0.436 -0.3 -0.002 0.54 S-Oct.2022 -0.6

Uncooked ground beef4

............................ 0.156 0.4 0.001 0.67 L-Aug.2022 0.5

Uncooked beef roasts5

............................. 0.057 -2.3 -0.001 1.57 S-Jun.2022 -3.5

Uncooked beef steaks5

............................. 0.180 0.4 0.001 0.83 S-Dec.2022 0.4

Uncooked other beef and veal4, 5................. 0.043 -0.4 0.000 0.91 L-Jan.2023 0.9

Pork...................................................... 0.336 -1.1 -0.004 0.56 S-Sep.2020 -1.1

Bacon, breakfast sausage, and related

products5

.......................................... 0.142 0.3 0.000 0.80 L-Sep.2022 0.3

Bacon and related products6.................... 1.0 0.98 L-Apr.2022 1.5

Breakfast sausage and related products5, 6. .. -0.9 1.08 S-Oct.2022 -1.8

Ham................................................... 0.070 -4.8 -0.003 1.28 S-Mar.2021 -7.6

Ham, excluding canned6

........................ -5.1 1.75 S-Mar.2021 -7.8

Pork chops4.......................................... 0.045 -1.4 -0.001 1.25 S-Jan.2023 -3.5

Other pork including roasts, steaks, and ribs5... 0.079 -1.6 -0.001 1.18 S-Jan.2023 -2.3

Other meats............................................ 0.255 0.9 0.002 0.54 L-Oct.2022 2.0

Frankfurters6......................................... -2.9 1.63 S-Jan.2023 -3.5

Lunchmeats4, 5, 6

.................................... 1.3 0.57 L-Oct.2022 3.4

Poultry4.................................................. 0.348 -0.4 -0.001 0.60 S-Dec.2022 -0.6

Chicken4, 5........................................... 0.278 -0.6 -0.002 0.71 S-Jan.2023 -0.6

Fresh whole chicken4, 6.......................... -0.8 0.98 S-Oct.2022 -0.8

Fresh and frozen chicken parts4, 6

............. -0.4 0.87 S-Jan.2023 -1.0

Other uncooked poultry including turkey5........ 0.069 1.0 0.001 1.16 L-Nov.2022 2.0

Fish and seafood...................................... 0.290 -1.2 -0.003 0.62 S-Apr.2017 -1.3

Fresh fish and seafood4, 5.......................... 0.142 -0.6 -0.001 0.84 S-Dec.2022 -1.0

Processed fish and seafood5

...................... 0.149 -0.4 -0.001 0.89 S-Jan.2023 -0.7

Shelf stable fish and seafood6

.................. -1.8 1.31 S-Jan.2023 -2.3

Frozen fish and seafood6

........................ 0.8 1.04 S-Jan.2023 -1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2023-

Mar. 2023

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2023-

Mar. 20231

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Eggs4

....................................................... 0.167 -10.9 -0.018 0.83 S-Dec.1987 -10.9

Dairy and related products................................... 0.810 -0.1 -0.001 0.32 S-Aug.2021 -0.6

Milk5........................................................... 0.200 -1.0 -0.002 0.47 S-Jan.2021 -1.5

Fresh whole milk6........................................ -1.3 0.62 S-Jan.2021 -1.6

Fresh milk other than whole5, 6......................... -0.6 0.51 S-Jan.2021 -1.2

Cheese and related products4............................. 0.248 0.0 0.000 0.53 L-Dec.2022 0.5

Ice cream and related products........................... 0.123 1.2 0.001 0.86 L-Nov.2022 1.6

Other dairy and related products5

........................ 0.239 -0.8 -0.002 0.69 S-Mar.2021 -1.4

Fruits and vegetables......................................... 1.501 -1.3 -0.020 0.38 S-Apr.2019 -1.4

Fresh fruits and vegetables................................ 1.117 -1.7 -0.019 0.46 S-Jan.2017 -1.7

Fresh fruits................................................ 0.597 -1.7 -0.010 0.65 S-Nov.2019 -1.7

Apples................................................... 0.085 -0.5 0.000 1.14 L-Jan.2023 1.9

Bananas4

............................................... 0.092 -1.5 -0.001 0.60 S-Feb.2021 -1.9

Citrus fruits5

............................................ 0.174 -0.3 -0.001 1.19 S-Dec.2022 -0.7

Oranges, including tangerines6.................... 0.5 1.53 L-Jan.2023 2.8

Other fresh fruits5...................................... 0.246 -2.7 -0.006 1.15 S-Jan.2017 -3.3

Fresh vegetables......................................... 0.520 -1.7 -0.009 0.47 S-Jan.2023 -2.3

Potatoes................................................. 0.089 -1.6 -0.001 0.97 S-Jan.2023 -2.9

Lettuce.................................................. 0.073 -5.7 -0.004 1.22 S-Jun.2017 -8.4

Tomatoes............................................... 0.085 -2.1 -0.002 1.08 S-Jan.2023 -7.7

Other fresh vegetables................................ 0.272 -0.9 -0.002 0.65 L-Jan.2023 -0.2

Processed fruits and vegetables5

...................... 0.384 -0.3 -0.001 0.45 S-Apr.2022 -0.4

Canned fruits and vegetables5

....................... 0.196 -0.7 -0.001 0.73 S-Jan.2023 -1.0

Canned fruits5, 6..................................... -0.7 0.82 S-Jan.2023 -1.3

Canned vegetables5, 6.............................. -0.7 0.83 S-Dec.2021 -1.0

Frozen fruits and vegetables5........................ 0.112 -0.2 0.000 0.72 S-Jun.2021 -0.3

Frozen vegetables6

................................. -0.3 0.99 S-Jan.2022 -0.4

Other processed fruits and vegetables including

dried5................................................. 0.076 -1.4 -0.001 0.70 S-Dec.2019 -1.4

Dried beans, peas, and lentils4, 5, 6............... -0.3 0.82 L-Jan.2023 0.8

Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials. . . . . . . .. 1.053 0.2 0.002 0.40 S-Jan.2022 0.0

Juices and nonalcoholic drinks5........................... 0.738 0.3 0.002 0.47 S-Jan.2023 -0.1

Carbonated drinks........................................ 0.309 0.4 0.001 0.84 L-Dec.2022 1.3

Frozen noncarbonated juices and drinks4, 5. . . . . . . . .. 0.008 -0.4 0.000 0.97 S-Aug.2022 -3.1

Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices and drinks5......... 0.421 0.3 0.001 0.56 S-Dec.2022 -0.3

Beverage materials including coffee and tea5........... 0.314 0.0 0.000 0.69 S-Aug.2022 -0.7

Coffee...................................................... 0.203 -0.4 -0.001 0.93 S-Aug.2022 -0.7

Roasted coffee6

........................................ 0.0 1.09 L-Dec.2022 0.7

Instant coffee4, 6

........................................ -2.4 1.03 S-Jul.2021 -2.5

Other beverage materials including tea4, 5............ 0.112 0.7 0.001 0.76 S-Jan.2023 0.5

Other food at home............................................ 2.347 0.4 0.010 0.23 L-Jan.2023 0.7

Sugar and sweets4.......................................... 0.304 -0.2 -0.001 0.49 S-Nov.2022 -0.3

Sugar and sugar substitutes............................ 0.041 -0.4 0.000 0.62 S-Apr.2022 -0.5

Candy and chewing gum4, 5............................. 0.192 0.0 0.000 0.72 L-Jan.2023 1.7

Other sweets5

............................................. 0.071 -1.3 -0.001 0.82 S-Sep.2020 -1.8

Fats and oils................................................. 0.261 -0.6 -0.002 0.60 S-Jul.2019 -0.9

Butter and margarine5

................................... 0.085 -3.7 -0.003 1.08 S-May 2005 -3.9

Butter6

................................................... -6.0 1.34 S-Feb.2000 -8.5

Margarine4, 6

............................................ -1.5 1.88 S-Nov.2022 -2.3

Salad dressing5

........................................... 0.061 0.7 0.000 1.21 S-Dec.2022 -0.7

Other fats and oils including peanut butter5

. . . . . . . . .. 0.115 0.5 0.001 0.86 S-Jan.2023 -0.6

Peanut butter4, 5, 6

..................................... -2.3 0.92 S-Aug.2021 -2.8

Other foods................................................ 1.782 0.7 0.013 0.27 L-Oct.2022 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2023-

Mar. 2023

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2023-

Mar. 20231

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Soups.................................................... 0.106 0.4 0.000 1.22 L-Jan.2023 1.8

Frozen and freeze dried prepared foods........... 0.270 1.6 0.004 0.56 L-Jun.2022 2.7

Snacks.................................................. 0.372 1.6 0.006 0.62 L-Jul.2022 1.6

Spices, seasonings, condiments, sauces........... 0.361 -0.3 -0.001 0.48 S-Aug.2021 -0.3

Salt and other seasonings and spices5, 6

........ 1.7 0.91 L-Mar.2022 3.8

Olives, pickles, relishes4, 5, 6....................... 1.1 1.19 L-Oct.2022 1.8

Sauces and gravies5, 6

............................. -0.1 0.76 S-Aug.2021 -0.4

Other condiments6

.................................. -0.5 1.27 S-Nov.2022 -1.1

Baby food and formula4, 5............................ 0.037 -0.4 0.000 1.03 S-Jan.2023 -0.5

Other miscellaneous foods5

.......................... 0.635 0.4 0.003 0.60 L-Jan.2023 1.3

Prepared salads7, 6

.................................. 1.4 1.16 L-Jan.2023 2.8

Food away from home4

.......................................... 4.798 0.6 0.029 0.12 – –

Full service meals and snacks4, 5............................ 2.302 0.7 0.017 0.13 L-Oct.2022 1.1

Limited service meals and snacks4, 5....................... 2.232 0.5 0.010 0.15 S-Dec.2022 0.5

Food at employee sites and schools4, 5.................... 0.075 0.2 0.000 1.84 L-Dec.2022 0.6

Food at elementary and secondary schools4, 8, 6. . . . . .. 0.3 0.80 L-May 2022 0.3

Food from vending machines and mobile vendors4, 5. . .. 0.025 0.8 0.000 0.50 S-Nov.2022 0.5

Other food away from home4, 5.............................. 0.165 0.7 0.001 0.14 L-Dec.2022 1.0

Energy................................................................ 6.995 -3.5 -0.254 0.20 S-Aug.2022 -3.9

Energy commodities............................................. 3.578 -4.6 -0.175 0.17 S-Dec.2022 -7.2

Fuel oil and other fuels........................................ 0.200 -2.5 -0.005 1.27 L-Nov.2022 0.4

Fuel oil4

....................................................... 0.135 -4.0 -0.005 1.80 L-Jan.2023 -1.2

Propane, kerosene, and firewood9........................ 0.065 -0.5 0.000 0.66 S-Jan.2023 -2.0

Motor fuel....................................................... 3.379 -4.7 -0.170 0.17 S-Dec.2022 -6.9

Gasoline (all types)......................................... 3.283 -4.6 -0.160 0.17 S-Dec.2022 -7.0

Gasoline, unleaded regular6

............................ -3.3 0.73 S-Dec.2022 -7.1

Gasoline, unleaded midgrade10, 6...................... -5.3 0.62 S-Dec.2022 -5.6

Gasoline, unleaded premium6

.......................... -5.2 0.62 S-Dec.2022 -6.0

Other motor fuels4, 5........................................ 0.095 -4.9 -0.005 0.35 S-Dec.2022 -8.5

Energy services................................................... 3.417 -2.3 -0.080 0.43 S-Sep.2008 -2.7

Electricity........................................................ 2.568 -0.7 -0.019 0.40 S-Jan.2021 -1.0

Utility (piped) gas service..................................... 0.849 -7.1 -0.061 0.69 L-Jan.2023 6.7

All items less food and energy.................................... 79.498 0.4 0.305 0.04 S-Jan.2023 0.4

Commodities less food and energy commodities............ 21.323 0.2 0.039 0.07 L-Aug.2022 0.4

Household furnishings and supplies11...................... 4.430 0.4 0.016 0.25 S-Dec.2022 0.3

Window and floor coverings and other linens5

.......... 0.318 0.7 0.002 1.13 L-Jan.2023 1.0

Floor coverings4, 5........................................ 0.086 0.8 0.001 1.09 L-Jan.2023 1.5

Window coverings4, 5..................................... 0.075 -0.5 0.000 2.27 L-Jan.2023 5.8

Other linens5.............................................. 0.157 0.8 0.001 1.59 L-Nov.2022 0.9

Furniture and bedding4

..................................... 1.173 0.4 0.004 0.50 L-Aug.2022 0.5

Bedroom furniture4....................................... 0.383 -0.8 -0.003 0.71 S-Oct.2022 -0.9

Living room, kitchen, and dining room furniture4, 5. .. 0.571 0.6 0.003 0.80 L-Aug.2022 1.1

Other furniture5........................................... 0.212 1.6 0.003 1.00 L-Sep.2022 4.2

Appliances5

.................................................. 0.292 0.7 0.002 0.68 – –

Major appliances5

........................................ 0.106 -0.1 0.000 1.08 L-Dec.2022 0.8

Laundry equipment4, 6

................................. 2.6 1.29 L-Dec.2022 4.1

Other appliances4, 5...................................... 0.184 0.7 0.001 0.78 S-Dec.2022 -0.7

Other household equipment and furnishings5........... 0.585 0.4 0.002 0.63 L-Sep.2022 0.9

Clocks, lamps, and decorator items4

.................. 0.322 0.1 0.000 0.99 S-Dec.2022 -2.6

Indoor plants and flowers12............................. 0.132 1.8 0.002 0.84 L-Jan.2021 2.1

Dishes and flatware4, 5................................... 0.043 -2.1 -0.001 1.37 S-Nov.2022 -3.6

Nonelectric cookware and tableware5

................. 0.088 -2.6 -0.002 0.80 S-Jun.2021 -3.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2023-

Mar. 2023

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2023-

Mar. 20231

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment and supplies5

. . .. 1.090 0.2 0.002 0.52 S-Jun.2022 0.0

Tools, hardware and supplies5

......................... 0.273 0.4 0.001 0.59 S-Jan.2023 -0.5

Outdoor equipment and supplies5

...................... 0.575 0.3 0.002 0.63 S-Oct.2022 0.2

Housekeeping supplies4.................................... 0.971 0.5 0.005 0.37 – –

Household cleaning products4, 5........................ 0.326 1.0 0.003 0.52 L-Jan.2023 1.2

Household paper products4, 5........................... 0.175 1.4 0.002 0.52 L-Dec.2022 1.4

Miscellaneous household products4, 5................. 0.469 -0.2 -0.001 0.52 S-Mar.2022 -0.3

Apparel.......................................................... 2.592 0.3 0.007 0.34 S-Dec.2022 0.2

Men’s and boys’ apparel................................... 0.678 1.0 0.007 0.57 L-Jan.2023 1.4

Men’s apparel............................................. 0.502 1.2 0.006 0.64 L-Jan.2023 1.9

Men’s suits, sport coats, and outerwear............ 0.068 0.9 0.001 1.73 L-Jan.2023 2.5

Men’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories4......................................... 0.182 -0.4 -0.001 0.75 S-Dec.2022 -1.4

Men’s shirts and sweaters5

........................... 0.125 0.5 0.001 1.19 L-Dec.2022 1.0

Men’s pants and shorts............................... 0.117 5.6 0.006 1.37 L-Oct.2013 10.5

Boys’ apparel............................................. 0.176 0.2 0.000 1.09 S-Jan.2023 -0.8

Women’s and girls’ apparel................................ 1.065 0.4 0.004 0.63 S-Jan.2023 0.3

Women’s apparel......................................... 0.886 0.4 0.003 0.64 S-Jan.2023 -0.1

Women’s outerwear................................... 0.049 4.3 0.002 1.66 L-Sep.2018 10.3

Women’s dresses...................................... 0.097 -1.3 -0.001 1.35 S-Dec.2022 -1.5

Women’s suits and separates5

....................... 0.402 -0.4 -0.002 1.02 S-Jan.2023 -1.0

Women’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories5......................................... 0.326 -0.5 -0.002 0.94 S-Jun.2022 -1.0

Girls’ apparel.............................................. 0.179 0.4 0.001 1.48 S-Dec.2022 -0.2

Footwear..................................................... 0.514 -0.5 -0.003 0.43 S-Oct.2022 -0.9

Men’s footwear4

.......................................... 0.185 -1.6 -0.003 0.72 S-Dec.2022 -2.4

Boys’ and girls’ footwear................................ 0.121 2.9 0.004 0.98 L-Apr.2021 4.6

Women’s footwear........................................ 0.208 -1.0 -0.002 0.63 S-Oct.2022 -1.0

Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel.............................. 0.106 -0.3 0.000 1.35 S-Oct.2022 -1.9

Jewelry and watches9

...................................... 0.230 -0.3 -0.001 1.24 S-Oct.2022 -1.1

Watches4, 9................................................ 0.038 -4.2 -0.002 0.76 S-Feb.2019 -4.8

Jewelry9

.................................................... 0.192 1.9 0.004 1.66 L-Dec.2022 2.1

Transportation commodities less motor fuel11............. 7.569 0.0 -0.003 0.03 L-Aug.2022 0.4

New vehicles................................................. 4.288 0.4 0.016 0.04 L-Dec.2022 0.6

New cars6................................................. 0.6 0.11 L-Dec.2022 0.6

New trucks13, 6

............................................ 0.3 0.07 L-Dec.2022 0.6

Used cars and trucks....................................... 2.554 -0.9 -0.022 0.02 L-Aug.2022 -0.2

Motor vehicle parts and equipment4

...................... 0.483 0.1 0.001 0.37 L-Jan.2023 0.3

Tires4....................................................... 0.329 -0.1 0.000 0.47 L-Jan.2023 0.0

Vehicle accessories other than tires4, 5................ 0.154 0.6 0.001 0.68 L-Jan.2023 0.9

Vehicle parts and equipment other than tires4, 6... 1.2 0.86 L-Jan.2023 1.4

Motor oil, coolant, and fluids4, 6...................... 0.7 0.65 L-Oct.2022 4.4

Medical care commodities4................................... 1.453 0.6 0.009 0.21 L-Jan.2023 1.1

Medicinal drugs4, 11......................................... 1.340 0.5 0.007 0.22 L-Jan.2023 1.2

Prescription drugs4....................................... 0.952 0.1 0.001 0.16 L-Jan.2023 2.1

Nonprescription drugs4, 11............................... 0.388 1.5 0.006 0.66 L-Aug.2019 1.6

Medical equipment and supplies4, 11..................... 0.112 1.2 0.001 0.75 L-Dec.2022 2.3

Recreation commodities11.................................... 2.285 0.2 0.005 0.23 S-Jan.2023 0.1

Video and audio products11................................ 0.282 -0.2 0.000 0.47 L-Jan.2023 0.7

Televisions................................................ 0.139 -1.0 -0.001 0.66 L-Jan.2023 0.0

Other video equipment5

................................. 0.016 3.4 0.001 1.02 L-EVER –

Audio equipment4

........................................ 0.057 -0.4 0.000 0.92 S-Dec.2022 -2.4

Recorded music and music subscriptions4, 5. . . . . . . .. 0.059 0.9 0.001 0.58 L-Oct.2022 2.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2023-

Mar. 2023

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2023-

Mar. 20231

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Pets and pet products4

..................................... 0.669 0.8 0.005 0.40 S-Jan.2023 0.2

Pet food4, 5, 6

.............................................. 1.6 0.50 L-Aug.2022 1.7

Purchase of pets, pet supplies, accessories4, 5, 6

. . .. -0.3 0.77 S-Nov.2022 -0.4

Sporting goods4............................................. 0.759 -0.6 -0.005 0.48 S-Sep.2022 -1.1

Sports vehicles including bicycles4..................... 0.441 -0.8 -0.003 0.67 S-Sep.2022 -2.6

Sports equipment4........................................ 0.309 -0.4 -0.001 0.57 S-Nov.2022 -0.9

Photographic equipment and supplies................... 0.021 1.0 0.000 0.84 L-Dec.2022 3.1

Photographic equipment5, 6

............................. 0.8 0.99 S-Jan.2023 -1.1

Recreational reading materials4

........................... 0.112 0.9 0.001 1.00 L-Aug.2022 2.1

Newspapers and magazines4, 5........................ 0.060 1.5 0.001 1.45 L-Aug.2022 2.7

Recreational books4, 5................................... 0.052 0.1 0.000 1.00 S-Jan.2023 -0.9

Other recreational goods5

.................................. 0.443 0.9 0.004 0.57 S-Jan.2023 -0.8

Toys........................................................ 0.357 0.7 0.002 0.65 S-Jan.2023 -1.2

Toys, games, hobbies and playground

equipment5, 6

......................................... 0.9 0.72 L-Jul.2022 1.5

Sewing machines, fabric and supplies4, 5............. 0.022 2.8 0.001 1.24 L-Dec.2022 3.6

Music instruments and accessories4, 5................ 0.052 1.8 0.001 0.45 S-Jan.2023 0.5

Education and communication commodities11............. 0.912 -0.5 -0.005 0.61 L-Jan.2023 -0.1

Educational books and supplies4......................... 0.097 -1.4 -0.001 0.67 S-Mar.2021 -2.3

College textbooks4, 14, 6.................................. -1.2 0.95 S-Mar.2021 -2.3

Information technology commodities11................... 0.815 -0.4 -0.003 0.69 L-Jan.2023 0.0

Computers, peripherals, and smart home

assistants4, 7............................................ 0.372 0.6 0.002 0.91 S-Jan.2023 0.3

Computer software and accessories4, 5............... 0.023 -0.5 0.000 1.80 S-Dec.2022 -0.9

Telephone hardware, calculators, and other

consumer information items4, 5....................... 0.419 -1.3 -0.005 0.96 L-Jan.2023 -0.3

Smartphones4, 6, 15

..................................... -2.6 1.18 L-Jan.2023 -1.1

Alcoholic beverages........................................... 0.838 0.1 0.001 0.20 L-Jan.2023 0.4

Alcoholic beverages at home.............................. 0.509 -0.2 -0.001 0.24 S-Oct.2021 -0.4

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages at home........ 0.195 -0.2 0.000 0.39 S-Jan.2022 -0.2

Distilled spirits at home4

................................. 0.087 -0.9 -0.001 0.31 S-Oct.2019 -1.3

Whiskey at home4, 6

................................... 0.0 0.46 L-Jan.2023 0.2

Distilled spirits, excluding whiskey, at home4, 6

. . .. -1.0 0.37 S-Oct.2019 -1.0

Wine at home4............................................ 0.227 0.1 0.000 0.40 S-Dec.2022 -0.2

Alcoholic beverages away from home4.................. 0.329 0.3 0.001 0.25 L-Jan.2023 0.6

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages away from

home4, 5, 6

............................................... 0.3 0.33 L-Jan.2023 0.6

Wine away from home4, 5, 6

............................. 0.2 0.41 S-Nov.2022 0.1

Distilled spirits away from home4, 5, 6.................. 0.2 0.34 L-Jan.2023 0.3

Other goods11.................................................. 1.244 0.5 0.007 0.23 S-Dec.2022 -0.1

Tobacco and smoking products4

.......................... 0.496 0.8 0.004 0.23 S-Jan.2023 0.7

Cigarettes4, 5.............................................. 0.411 1.0 0.004 0.25 L-Aug.2022 1.1

Tobacco products other than cigarettes4, 5............ 0.078 -0.7 -0.001 0.57 S-Oct.2022 -1.1

Personal care products4

.................................... 0.596 0.8 0.005 0.35 L-Aug.2022 1.5

Hair, dental, shaving, and miscellaneous personal

care products4, 5....................................... 0.312 1.3 0.004 0.45 L-Jul.2022 1.3

Cosmetics, perfume, bath, nail preparations and

implements4............................................ 0.273 0.4 0.001 0.44 L-Jan.2023 1.0

Miscellaneous personal goods4, 5......................... 0.153 -1.3 -0.002 0.90 S-Jul.2022 -1.8

Stationery, stationery supplies, gift wrap6

............. -1.1 0.94 S-Aug.2020 -3.3

Services less energy services.................................. 58.175 0.4 0.261 0.05 S-Jul.2022 0.4

Shelter........................................................... 34.473 0.6 0.192 0.06 S-Nov.2022 0.6

Rent of shelter16............................................. 34.102 0.6 0.201 0.06 S-Jul.2022 0.6

Rent of primary residence............................... 7.533 0.5 0.037 0.05 S-Mar.2022 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2023-

Mar. 2023

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2023-

Mar. 20231

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Lodging away from home5

.............................. 1.158 2.7 0.032 1.24 L-Oct.2022 3.5

Housing at school, excluding board16............... 0.161 0.2 0.000 0.05 – –

Other lodging away from home including hotels

and motels........................................... 0.997 3.1 0.032 1.42 L-Oct.2022 4.0

Owners’ equivalent rent of residences16.............. 25.411 0.5 0.123 0.05 S-Apr.2022 0.5

Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence16. .. 24.026 0.5 0.116 0.05 S-Apr.2022 0.5

Tenants’ and household insurance4, 5................. 0.371 0.0 0.000 0.14 L-Jan.2023 0.1

Water and sewer and trash collection services5

........ 1.062 0.3 0.003 0.12 S-Dec.2022 0.2

Water and sewerage maintenance..................... 0.760 0.3 0.002 0.13 S-Dec.2022 0.2

Garbage and trash collection4, 13....................... 0.301 0.2 0.001 0.16 S-Dec.2022 0.2

Household operations4, 5...................................

Domestic services4, 5..................................... 0.257 0.0 0.000 0.31 L-Jan.2023 0.5

Gardening and lawncare services4, 5..................

Moving, storage, freight expense4, 5................... 0.102 1.5 0.002 0.88 L-Jul.2022 1.5

Repair of household items4, 5........................... 0.111 0.000 0.18 – –

Medical care services...................................... 6.525 -0.5 -0.032 0.10 L-Dec.2022 0.3

Professional services.................................... 3.562 0.0 0.001 0.15 L-Dec.2022 0.1

Physicians’ services4

.................................. 1.819 -0.2 -0.004 0.18 L-Jan.2023 -0.1

Dental services......................................... 0.914 0.3 0.003 0.25 L-Jan.2023 0.5

Eyeglasses and eye care4, 9.......................... 0.310 0.1 0.000 0.36 S-Jan.2023 -0.3

Services by other medical professionals4, 9. . . . . . .. 0.519 0.4 0.002 0.21 L-May 2022 0.7

Hospital and related services4

.......................... 2.260 -0.2 -0.005 0.13 S-Nov.2022 -0.5

Hospital services4, 17.................................. 1.923 -0.4 -0.008 0.15 S-Apr.2019 -0.4

Inpatient hospital services4, 17, 6................... -0.7 0.28 S-Jun.2015 -0.9

Outpatient hospital services4, 9, 6.................. 0.9 0.28 L-Dec.2022 1.4

Nursing homes and adult day services17........... 0.189 0.4 0.001 0.16 S-Dec.2022 0.4

Care of invalids and elderly at home4, 8............ 0.148 1.0 0.001 0.24 L-Jan.2023 1.6

Health insurance4, 8...................................... 0.703 -4.2 -0.029 0.10 S-Nov.2022 -4.3

Transportation services..................................... 5.812 1.4 0.080 0.21 L-Sep.2022 1.9

Leased cars and trucks4, 14............................. 0.740 0.025 0.84 – –

Car and truck rental5..................................... 0.118 -3.8 -0.005 1.18 S-Jul.2022 -6.0

Motor vehicle maintenance and repair4............... 1.106 0.3 0.004 0.40 L-Jan.2023 1.3

Motor vehicle body work4

.............................

Motor vehicle maintenance and servicing4......... 0.573 0.4 0.002 0.51 S-Jan.2023 0.4

Motor vehicle repair4, 5................................ 0.419 0.2 0.001 0.64 L-Jan.2023 2.7

Motor vehicle insurance................................. 2.554 1.2 0.031 0.22 L-Jan.2023 1.4

Motor vehicle fees4, 5.................................... 0.496 -0.3 -0.001 0.22 S-Nov.2022 -0.4

State motor vehicle registration and license

fees4, 5................................................ 0.278 0.1 0.000 0.08 S-Nov.2022 -0.3

Parking and other fees4, 5............................ 0.197 -0.8 -0.002 0.47 S-Oct.2022 -0.8

Parking fees and tolls5, 6........................... 0.4 0.52 L-Jan.2023 0.7

Public transportation..................................... 0.799 3.2 0.026 0.69 – –

Airline fares............................................. 0.606 4.0 0.025 0.95 S-Jan.2023 -2.1

Other intercity transportation......................... 0.048 -0.8 0.000 0.65 S-Nov.2022 -1.2

Ship fare4, 5, 6

........................................ 0.3 0.90 S-Jan.2023 -0.6

Intracity transportation4............................... 0.140 0.2 0.000 0.60 L-Dec.2022 1.8

Intracity mass transit4, 11, 6......................... 0.0 0.07 – –

Recreation services11....................................... 3.121 0.0 0.000 0.20 S-Aug.2022 0.0

Video and audio services11............................. 0.996 0.9 0.009 0.21 S-Jan.2023 0.6

Cable, satellite, and live streaming television

service13.............................................. 0.879 1.2 0.010 0.18 S-Jan.2023 0.5

Purchase, subscription, and rental of video4, 5..... 0.116 -1.2 -0.001 0.91 S-Nov.2021 -1.8

Video discs and other media4, 5, 6

................. -4.0 1.97 S-Nov.2022 -4.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2023-

Mar. 2023

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2023-

Mar. 20231

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Subscription and rental of video and video

games4, 5, 6

........................................ -0.5 0.49 S-Dec.2021 -0.5

Pet services including veterinary5

...................... 0.548 0.5 0.003 0.31 S-Dec.2022 -0.3

Pet services4, 5, 6

....................................... 0.8 0.53 L-Jan.2023 1.5

Veterinarian services5, 6............................... 0.8 0.41 S-Jan.2023 0.5

Photographers and photo processing4, 5.............. 0.039 -1.0 0.000 0.34 S-Dec.2021 -1.5

Other recreation services5............................... 1.537 -0.7 -0.011 0.29 S-Nov.2021 -0.9

Club membership for shopping clubs, fraternal, or

other organizations, or participant sports

fees4, 5................................................ 0.676 -0.4 -0.003 0.18 S-May 2021 -0.4

Admissions4

............................................ 0.442 -1.6 -0.007 0.69 S-Nov.2021 -2.2

Admission to movies, theaters, and

concerts4, 5, 6

...................................... 1.1 0.54 L-Nov.2022 1.6

Admission to sporting events4, 5, 6................ -3.9 2.96 S-Apr.2022 -8.2

Fees for lessons or instructions4, 9.................. 0.183 -0.2 0.000 0.38 L-Jan.2023 1.1

Education and communication services11................ 4.874 0.3 0.014 0.06 L-Jan.2023 0.5

Tuition, other school fees, and childcare.............. 2.150 0.6 0.012 0.06 L-Aug.2018 0.7

College tuition and fees............................... 1.180 0.2 0.002 0.07 L-Jan.2023 0.3

Elementary and high school tuition and fees. . . . .. 0.304 0.3 0.001 0.09 – –

Day care and preschool12............................ 0.566 1.4 0.008 0.19 L-Sep.2022 1.7

Technical and business school tuition and

fees4, 5................................................ 0.026 0.0 0.000 0.14 – –

Postage and delivery services5

......................... 0.075 0.1 0.000 0.06 S-Nov.2022 -0.8

Postage................................................. 0.064 0.3 0.000 0.00 L-Jan.2023 1.2

Delivery services5

...................................... 0.011 -1.4 0.000 0.48 S-Sep.2021 -1.6

Telephone services4, 5................................... 1.667 -0.4 -0.007 0.06 S-Mar.2022 -0.6

Wireless telephone services4, 5...................... 1.421 -0.4 -0.006 0.04 S-Mar.2022 -0.7

Residential telephone services4, 11.................. 0.246 -0.3 -0.001 0.21 S-Sep.2021 -0.5

Internet services and electronic information

providers4, 5............................................. 0.975 0.9 0.009 0.21 – –

Other personal services4, 11................................ 1.439 0.5 0.007 0.18 S-Jan.2023 0.5

Personal care services4

................................. 0.604 0.2 0.001 0.34 S-Jan.2023 0.2

Haircuts and other personal care services4, 5...... 0.604 0.2 0.001 0.34 S-Jan.2023 0.2

Miscellaneous personal services4

...................... 0.835 0.7 0.006 0.20 S-Dec.2022 -0.4

Legal services4, 9....................................... 0.239 0.2 0.001 0.18 S-Jan.2023 0.0

Funeral expenses4, 9.................................. 0.168 0.5 0.001 0.19 L-Jan.2023 0.5

Laundry and dry cleaning services4, 5............... 0.142 0.2 0.000 0.36 S-Sep.2022 -0.6

Apparel services other than laundry and dry

cleaning4, 5........................................... 0.027 0.4 0.000 0.69 S-Nov.2022 0.1

Financial services4, 9.................................. 0.181 1.8 0.003 0.59 S-Dec.2022 -2.9

Checking account and other bank

services4, 5, 6

...................................... 0.1 0.13 L-Jan.2023 0.1

Tax return preparation and other accounting

fees4, 5, 6

........................................... 2.4 0.81 S-Dec.2022 -3.5

Special aggregate indexes

All items less food.................................................. 86.493 0.1 0.051 0.04 S-Dec.2022 0.1

All items less shelter................................................ 65.527 -0.2 -0.139 0.05 S-Dec.2022 -0.2

All items less food and shelter.................................... 52.021 -0.3 -0.141 0.06 S-Dec.2022 -0.4

All items less food, shelter, and energy.......................... 45.025 0.3 0.113 0.05 L-Sep.2022 0.5

All items less food, shelter, energy, and used cars and

trucks............................................................... 42.471 0.3 0.136 0.06 S-Jan.2023 0.3

All items less medical care........................................ 92.023 0.1 0.077 0.04 S-Dec.2022 0.1

All items less energy................................................ 93.005 0.3 0.307 0.04 S-Nov.2022 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2023-

Mar. 2023

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2023-

Mar. 20231

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Commodities......................................................... 38.408 -0.3 -0.134 0.06 S-Dec.2022 -0.7

Commodities less food, energy, and used cars and

trucks............................................................ 18.769 0.3 0.061 0.09 S-Dec.2022 0.3

Commodities less food.......................................... 24.901 -0.5 -0.136 0.08 S-Dec.2022 -1.3

Commodities less food and beverages........................ 24.062 -0.6 -0.137 0.09 S-Dec.2022 -1.4

Services.............................................................. 61.592 0.3 0.182 0.05 S-Sep.2021 0.3

Services less rent of shelter16.................................. 27.491 0.0 -0.007 0.08 S-Oct.2022 0.0

Services less medical care services........................... 55.068 0.4 0.241 0.06 S-Jul.2022 0.4

Durables.............................................................. 12.496 0.4 0.047 0.08 L-Jun.2022 0.5

Nondurables......................................................... 25.912 -0.6 -0.165 0.08 S-Dec.2022 -0.7

Nondurables less food........................................... 12.405 -2.1 -0.269 0.12 S-Dec.2022 -2.2

Nondurables less food and beverages........................ 11.567 -2.3 -0.272 0.13 S-Dec.2022 -2.3

Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel............. 8.974 -2.8 -0.257 0.12 S-Dec.2022 -3.0

Nondurables less food and apparel............................ 9.813 -2.5 -0.254 0.11 S-Dec.2022 -2.8

Housing............................................................... 44.451 0.3 0.131 0.06 S-Aug.2021 0.3

Education and communication5

................................... 5.786 0.2 0.009 0.10 L-Jan.2023 0.4

Education5

......................................................... 2.247 0.5 0.011 0.07 L-Aug.2022 0.5

Communication5

.................................................. 3.539 0.0 -0.002 0.17 – –

Information and information processing5................... 3.464 0.0 -0.002 0.17 – –

Information technology, hardware and services18......... 1.797 0.3 0.006 0.34 L-Jan.2023 0.5

Recreation5

.......................................................... 5.406 0.1 0.006 0.15 S-Sep.2022 0.1

Video and audio5

................................................. 1.277 0.7 0.008 0.20 S-Jan.2023 0.6

Pets, pet products and services5

............................... 1.216 0.7 0.008 0.26 S-Jan.2023 0.6

Photography5...................................................... 0.062 -0.4 0.000 0.47 S-Jun.2022 -0.4

Food and beverages................................................ 14.345 0.0 0.003 0.09 S-Jul.2020 -0.4

Domestically produced farm food4............................. 7.274 -0.2 -0.014 0.14 S-Nov.2020 -0.5

Other services....................................................... 9.434 0.2 0.021 0.08 S-Dec.2022 0.2

Apparel less footwear.............................................. 2.078 0.5 0.009 0.41 S-Dec.2022 0.4

Fuels and utilities.................................................... 4.678 -1.7 -0.081 0.33 S-Apr.2014 -1.7

Household energy................................................ 3.617 -2.3 -0.084 0.42 S-Apr.2014 -2.3

Medical care......................................................... 7.977 -0.3 -0.024 0.09 L-Dec.2022 0.3

Transportation....................................................... 16.759 -0.5 -0.093 0.10 S-Dec.2022 -1.6

Private transportation............................................ 15.960 -0.7 -0.119 0.10 S-Dec.2022 -1.7

New and used motor vehicles5

.............................. 7.943 0.2 0.017 0.11 L-Sep.2022 0.4

Utilities and public transportation................................. 7.824 -0.8 -0.065 0.20 S-Apr.2020 -1.4

Household furnishings and operations........................... 5.300 0.4 0.021 0.21 S-Jan.2023 0.3

Other goods and services.......................................... 2.683 0.5 0.013 0.15 S-Dec.2022 -0.1

Personal care4

.................................................... 2.187 0.4 0.010 0.17 S-Dec.2022 -0.1

1 The ’effect’ of an item category is a measure of that item’s contribution to the All items price change. For example, if the Food index had an effect of

0.40, and the All items index rose 1.2 percent, then the increase in food prices contributed 0.40 / 1.2, or 33.3 percent, to that All items increase.

Said another way, had food prices been unchanged for that month the change in the All items index would have been 1.2 percent minus 0.40, or 0.8

percent. Effects can be negative as well. For example, if the effect of food was a negative 0.1, and the All items index rose 0.5 percent, the All items

index actually would have been 0.1 percent higher (or 0.6 percent) had food prices been unchanged. Since food prices fell while prices overall were

rising, the contribution of food to the All items price change was negative (in this case, -0.1 / 0.5, or minus 20 percent).

2 A statistic’s margin of error is often expressed as its point estimate plus or minus two standard errors. For example, if a CPI category rose 0.6

percent, and its standard error was 0.15 percent, the margin of error on this item’s 1-month percent change would be 0.6 percent, plus or minus 0.3

percent.

3

If the current seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change is greater than the previous published 1-month percent change, then this column

identifies the closest prior month with a 1-month percent change as (L)arge as or (L)arger than the current 1-month change. If the current 1-month

percent change is smaller than the previous published 1-month percent change, the most recent month with a change as (S)mall or (S)maller than

the current month change is identified. If the current and previous published 1-month percent changes are equal, a dash will appear. Standard

numerical comparisons are used. For example, 0.8% is greater than 0.6%, -0.4% is less than -0.2%, and -0.2% is less than 0.0%. Note that a

(L)arger change can be a smaller decline, for example, a -0.2% change is larger than a -0.4% change, but still represents a decline in the price

index. Likewise, (S)maller changes can be increases, for example, a 0.6% change is smaller than 0.8%, but still represents an increase in the price

index. In this context, a -0.2% change is considered to be smaller than a 0.0% change.

4 Not seasonally adjusted.

5

Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.
6 Special indexes based on a substantially smaller sample. These series do not contribute to the all items index aggregation and therefore do not

have a relative importance or effect.

7

Indexes on a December 2007=100 base.

8

Indexes on a December 2005=100 base.

9

Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.

10 Indexes on a December 1993=100 base.

11 Indexes on a December 2009=100 base.

12 Indexes on a December 1990=100 base.

13 Indexes on a December 1983=100 base.

14 Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.

15 Indexes on a December 2019=100 base.

16 Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.

17 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.

18 Indexes on a December 1988=100 base.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023, 12-month analysis table

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2022-

Mar. 2023

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2022-

Mar. 20231

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:3

Date Percent

change

All items................................................................. 100.000 5.0 0.12 S-May 2021 5.0

Food.................................................................. 13.507 8.5 1.131 0.19 S-Feb.2022 7.9

Food at home..................................................... 8.708 8.4 0.691 0.26 S-Jan.2022 7.4

Cereals and bakery products................................. 1.168 13.6 0.143 0.54 S-May 2022 11.6

Cereals and cereal products............................... 0.364 12.8 0.043 0.87 S-May 2022 12.8

Flour and prepared flour mixes......................... 0.061 17.5 0.010 2.29 S-May 2022 13.7

Breakfast cereal.......................................... 0.143 12.5 0.018 1.37 – –

Rice, pasta, cornmeal.................................... 0.159 11.2 0.016 1.09 S-Apr.2022 10.7

Rice4, 5

.................................................. 9.5 1.25 S-Apr.2022 9.2

Bakery products.......................................... 0.804 13.9 0.100 0.69 S-Jun.2022 13.2

Bread4

................................................... 0.226 15.2 0.030 1.07 S-Jan.2023 14.9

White bread5......................................... 16.5 1.29 L-Dec.2022 17.7

Bread other than white5............................ 13.8 1.48 S-Jan.2023 13.6

Fresh biscuits, rolls, muffins4

......................... 0.119 10.3 0.011 1.60 S-May 2022 9.7

Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies....................... 0.209 15.5 0.028 1.33 S-Aug.2022 14.4

Cookies5.............................................. 16.6 1.61 – –

Fresh cakes and cupcakes5....................... 13.0 2.40 S-Aug.2022 12.9

Other bakery products................................ 0.250 13.3 0.031 1.36 L-Jan.2023 15.1

Fresh sweetrolls, coffeecakes, doughnuts5

...... 8.3 2.06 L-Jan.2023 10.2

Crackers, bread, and cracker products5

. . . . . . . .. 13.6 1.86 S-Feb.2022 12.7

Frozen and refrigerated bakery products, pies,

tarts, turnovers5

................................... 16.2 1.78 L-Jan.2023 18.3

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs................................ 1.830 4.3 0.082 0.47 S-Jun.2021 0.7

Meats, poultry, and fish.................................... 1.664 2.4 0.042 0.49 S-Jun.2021 0.6

Meats...................................................... 1.026 0.7 0.008 0.54 S-Jun.2021 -0.5

Beef and veal.......................................... 0.436 -1.9 -0.011 0.84 S-Dec.2022 -3.1

Uncooked ground beef............................. 0.156 -1.4 -0.003 1.09 S-Jun.2021 -8.4

Uncooked beef roasts4

............................. 0.057 -4.4 -0.004 2.36 S-Nov.2022 -8.1

Uncooked beef steaks4............................. 0.180 -0.7 -0.002 1.39 L-Jun.2022 -0.3

Uncooked other beef and veal4

................... 0.043 -5.0 -0.003 1.90 S-Dec.2022 -6.7

Pork...................................................... 0.336 -0.6 -0.002 1.08 S-Mar.2019 -0.6

Bacon, breakfast sausage, and related

products4.......................................... 0.142 -0.7 -0.001 1.30 S-Apr.2019 -0.9

Bacon and related products5

.................... -5.5 1.78 L-Jan.2023 -3.9

Breakfast sausage and related products4, 5

. .. 8.1 1.96 S-Nov.2022 7.7

Ham................................................... 0.070 4.2 0.003 2.56 S-Aug.2021 4.1

Ham, excluding canned5

........................ 4.2 2.65 S-Jul.2021 2.8

Pork chops........................................... 0.045 -1.0 0.000 1.97 S-Jun.2021 -2.9

Other pork including roasts, steaks, and ribs4

... 0.079 -4.4 -0.004 2.44 S-Nov.2022 -5.1

Other meats............................................ 0.255 8.8 0.021 1.03 S-Jan.2022 8.2

Frankfurters5

......................................... 5.8 3.05 S-Jul.2022 5.3

Lunchmeats4, 5....................................... 10.5 1.25 L-Jan.2023 11.9

Poultry................................................... 0.348 7.5 0.026 1.28 S-Oct.2021 7.5

Chicken4.............................................. 0.278 6.5 0.018 1.34 S-Jul.2021 5.2

Fresh whole chicken5............................ 8.9 2.82 S-Jan.2022 7.6

Fresh and frozen chicken parts5

............... 5.7 1.75 S-Jun.2021 0.8

Other uncooked poultry including turkey4........ 0.069 11.6 0.008 2.65 S-Apr.2022 10.7

Fish and seafood...................................... 0.290 2.6 0.007 1.00 S-May 2021 1.9

Fresh fish and seafood4............................ 0.142 2.0 0.003 1.48 S-Apr.2021 0.4

Processed fish and seafood4

...................... 0.149 3.4 0.005 1.31 S-Sep.2021 3.4

Shelf stable fish and seafood5

.................. 3.5 1.98 S-Feb.2022 2.8

Frozen fish and seafood5

........................ 3.7 1.78 S-Aug.2021 3.4

Eggs........................................................ 0.167 36.0 0.040 2.30 S-Sep.2022 30.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2022-

Mar. 2023

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2022-

Mar. 20231

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:3

Date Percent

change

Dairy and related products................................... 0.810 10.7 0.081 0.63 S-Apr.2022 9.1

Milk4

........................................................... 0.200 5.5 0.011 1.05 S-Dec.2021 4.2

Fresh whole milk5........................................ 4.3 1.33 S-Sep.2021 3.2

Fresh milk other than whole4, 5......................... 6.5 1.24 S-Jan.2022 6.5

Cheese and related products.............................. 0.248 8.2 0.021 0.90 S-Apr.2022 6.5

Ice cream and related products........................... 0.123 15.3 0.017 1.67 L-Jan.2023 16.3

Other dairy and related products4........................ 0.239 16.0 0.032 1.16 S-Jun.2022 15.9

Fruits and vegetables......................................... 1.501 2.5 0.034 0.64 S-Aug.2021 2.3

Fresh fruits and vegetables................................ 1.117 -0.2 -0.003 0.78 S-Apr.2020 -0.5

Fresh fruits................................................ 0.597 -1.5 -0.009 1.09 S-Apr.2020 -1.7

Apples................................................... 0.085 5.2 0.004 1.97 S-Oct.2022 4.8

Bananas................................................. 0.092 1.9 0.002 1.38 S-Sep.2021 1.9

Citrus fruits4

............................................ 0.174 -3.7 -0.006 2.19 S-Mar.2020 -9.5

Oranges, including tangerines5.................... -3.1 2.24 S-Mar.2020 -10.8

Other fresh fruits4...................................... 0.246 -3.6 -0.009 1.87 S-Jan.2020 -4.8

Fresh vegetables......................................... 0.520 1.4 0.006 0.87 S-Aug.2021 0.9

Potatoes................................................. 0.089 9.7 0.008 1.49 S-Jun.2022 9.0

Lettuce.................................................. 0.073 1.2 -0.002 1.85 S-Oct.2021 -0.6

Tomatoes............................................... 0.085 0.3 0.000 2.00 S-Sep.2022 -1.0

Other fresh vegetables................................ 0.272 0.0 0.000 1.11 S-Jul.2021 -1.0

Processed fruits and vegetables4

...................... 0.384 11.1 0.038 0.74 S-May 2022 10.2

Canned fruits and vegetables4

....................... 0.196 10.2 0.017 1.14 S-Feb.2022 7.7

Canned fruits4, 5

..................................... 11.6 1.47 S-Jun.2022 11.6

Canned vegetables4, 5.............................. 9.3 1.60 S-Feb.2022 7.9

Frozen fruits and vegetables4........................ 0.112 15.1 0.015 1.47 S-Jan.2023 12.8

Frozen vegetables5................................. 20.1 2.04 S-Jan.2023 18.6

Other processed fruits and vegetables including

dried4

................................................. 0.076 7.9 0.005 1.53 S-May 2022 7.3

Dried beans, peas, and lentils4, 5................. 1.3 2.63 S-Aug.2021 -1.4

Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials. . . . . . . .. 1.053 11.3 0.108 0.62 S-Apr.2022 9.8

Juices and nonalcoholic drinks4

........................... 0.738 11.7 0.079 0.88 S-Jun.2022 11.6

Carbonated drinks........................................ 0.309 11.5 0.032 1.51 S-Jun.2022 11.0

Frozen noncarbonated juices and drinks4

............. 0.008 11.1 0.001 1.75 S-Dec.2022 8.7

Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices and drinks4......... 0.421 11.9 0.046 1.14 S-Dec.2022 11.6

Beverage materials including coffee and tea4........... 0.314 10.4 0.029 1.07 S-Mar.2022 8.9

Coffee...................................................... 0.203 10.3 0.019 1.50 S-Jan.2022 8.6

Roasted coffee5

........................................ 10.4 1.67 S-Jan.2022 9.3

Instant coffee5

.......................................... 10.4 2.12 S-Apr.2022 7.8

Other beverage materials including tea4.............. 0.112 10.5 0.011 1.52 S-Oct.2022 9.1

Other food at home............................................ 2.347 11.1 0.243 0.42 S-Apr.2022 11.0

Sugar and sweets........................................... 0.304 10.0 0.028 1.29 S-Jun.2022 9.4

Sugar and sugar substitutes............................ 0.041 12.7 0.005 1.15 S-Jun.2022 11.4

Candy and chewing gum4

............................... 0.192 9.6 0.017 1.67 S-Jul.2022 9.4

Other sweets4

............................................. 0.071 9.3 0.006 2.14 S-Feb.2022 7.5

Fats and oils................................................. 0.261 15.9 0.038 1.33 S-Apr.2022 15.3

Butter and margarine4................................... 0.085 17.3 0.013 1.78 S-Mar.2022 14.0

Butter5

................................................... 8.7 2.76 S-Feb.2022 5.5

Margarine5

.............................................. 33.4 2.94 S-Jul.2022 32.3

Salad dressing4

........................................... 0.061 16.4 0.009 1.80 S-Sep.2022 15.2

Other fats and oils including peanut butter4

. . . . . . . . .. 0.115 14.9 0.016 2.15 S-Jan.2023 14.8

Peanut butter4, 5........................................ 3.2 2.67 S-Aug.2021 0.4

Other foods................................................ 1.782 10.5 0.177 0.49 S-Mar.2022 10.0

Soups.................................................... 0.106 11.2 0.011 2.49 S-Mar.2022 10.3

Frozen and freeze dried prepared foods........... 0.270 9.5 0.026 1.18 S-Dec.2021 5.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2022-

Mar. 2023

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2022-

Mar. 20231

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:3

Date Percent

change

Snacks.................................................. 0.372 9.5 0.035 1.08 L-Jan.2023 10.3

Spices, seasonings, condiments, sauces........... 0.361 10.5 0.035 0.88 S-May 2022 10.1

Salt and other seasonings and spices4, 5

........ 7.0 1.57 S-Dec.2022 6.5

Olives, pickles, relishes4, 5......................... 13.1 1.92 S-Jun.2022 12.6

Sauces and gravies4, 5............................. 13.7 1.85 S-Nov.2022 13.7

Other condiments5.................................. 13.7 2.25 S-Jan.2023 13.6

Baby food and formula4

............................... 0.037 7.6 0.003 1.74 S-Nov.2021 6.7

Other miscellaneous foods4.......................... 0.635 11.8 0.067 0.87 S-Apr.2022 10.9

Prepared salads6, 5.................................. 11.5 1.97 L-Jan.2023 12.9

Food away from home........................................... 4.798 8.8 0.440 0.41 L-Aug.1981 9.0

Full service meals and snacks4

.............................. 2.302 8.0 0.188 0.46 – –

Limited service meals and snacks4.......................... 2.232 7.9 0.190 0.44 L-Feb.2022 8.0

Food at employee sites and schools4....................... 0.075 131.3 0.046 8.16 S-Jan.2023 130.3

Food at elementary and secondary schools7, 5. . . . . . . .. 296.3 67.80 S-Nov.2022 254.1

Food from vending machines and mobile vendors4....... 0.025 16.2 0.005 1.67 L-EVER –

Other food away from home4................................ 0.165 6.3 0.011 0.74 L-Aug.2022 6.5

Energy................................................................ 6.995 -6.4 -0.540 0.49 S-Dec.2020 -7.0

Energy commodities............................................. 3.578 -17.0 -0.853 0.51 S-Nov.2020 -19.3

Fuel oil and other fuels........................................ 0.200 -10.8 -0.025 1.65 S-Dec.2020 -13.3

Fuel oil........................................................ 0.135 -14.2 -0.023 2.30 S-Jan.2021 -16.5

Propane, kerosene, and firewood8

........................ 0.065 -2.8 -0.002 1.75 S-Jun.2020 -2.8

Motor fuel....................................................... 3.379 -17.3 -0.828 0.54 S-Nov.2020 -19.4

Gasoline (all types)......................................... 3.283 -17.4 -0.817 0.55 S-Nov.2020 -19.3

Gasoline, unleaded regular5

............................ -18.0 0.88 S-Nov.2020 -19.8

Gasoline, unleaded midgrade9, 5....................... -15.3 0.96 S-Nov.2020 -16.8

Gasoline, unleaded premium5

.......................... -13.2 0.95 S-Nov.2020 -16.4

Other motor fuels4

.......................................... 0.095 -9.9 -0.010 0.77 S-Jan.2021 -13.2

Energy services................................................... 3.417 9.2 0.312 0.83 S-Sep.2021 8.5

Electricity........................................................ 2.568 10.2 0.254 1.16 S-Feb.2022 9.0

Utility (piped) gas service..................................... 0.849 5.5 0.058 1.15 S-Jan.2021 4.3

All items less food and energy.................................... 79.498 5.6 4.394 0.13 L-Jan.2023 5.6

Commodities less food and energy commodities............ 21.323 1.5 0.338 0.22 L-Dec.2022 2.1

Household furnishings and supplies10...................... 4.430 5.8 0.241 0.58 S-Sep.2021 4.8

Window and floor coverings and other linens4

.......... 0.318 4.8 0.015 2.38 S-Dec.2022 4.8

Floor coverings4

.......................................... 0.086 11.0 0.008 3.67 L-Jan.2023 13.2

Window coverings4

....................................... 0.075 3.6 0.002 4.81 S-Dec.2022 3.2

Other linens4

.............................................. 0.157 2.9 0.005 3.57 L-Jan.2023 4.0

Furniture and bedding...................................... 1.173 2.1 0.021 1.48 S-Feb.2021 0.6

Bedroom furniture........................................ 0.383 0.3 0.001 1.94 S-Feb.2021 -3.0

Living room, kitchen, and dining room furniture4

. . . .. 0.571 3.3 0.015 2.32 L-Jan.2023 3.6

Other furniture4........................................... 0.212 1.8 0.005 2.83 L-Dec.2022 3.7

Appliances4

.................................................. 0.292 1.1 0.005 1.60 S-Dec.2022 1.1

Major appliances4

........................................ 0.106 -7.9 -0.007 3.05 S-Jun.2014 -7.9

Laundry equipment5

................................... -3.1 2.53 L-Jan.2023 1.0

Other appliances4........................................ 0.184 6.4 0.012 1.96 L-Jan.2022 7.7

Other household equipment and furnishings4........... 0.585 -1.0 -0.005 1.93 S-Oct.2020 -1.2

Clocks, lamps, and decorator items.................... 0.322 -3.0 -0.011 3.33 S-Mar.2020 -4.8

Indoor plants and flowers11............................. 0.132 4.5 0.006 1.84 L-Jan.2023 5.0

Dishes and flatware4

..................................... 0.043 1.4 0.000 3.50 S-Jan.2022 1.2

Nonelectric cookware and tableware4

................. 0.088 -1.4 -0.001 2.19 S-Jan.2021 -2.5

Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment and supplies4

. . .. 1.090 11.3 0.110 1.32 S-Jan.2023 9.6

Tools, hardware and supplies4......................... 0.273 11.0 0.027 1.71 S-Aug.2022 9.6

Outdoor equipment and supplies4

...................... 0.575 12.1 0.060 1.65 S-Jan.2023 8.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2022-

Mar. 2023

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2022-

Mar. 20231

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:3

Date Percent

change

Housekeeping supplies..................................... 0.971 10.3 0.095 0.80 S-May 2022 9.2

Household cleaning products4

.......................... 0.326 7.6 0.025 1.17 S-Feb.2022 5.8

Household paper products4............................. 0.175 10.9 0.023 1.35 L-Jan.2023 12.9

Miscellaneous household products4................... 0.469 12.2 0.047 1.41 L-Oct.2022 12.2

Apparel.......................................................... 2.592 3.3 0.090 0.80 – –

Men’s and boys’ apparel................................... 0.678 2.9 0.022 1.45 L-Jan.2023 3.1

Men’s apparel............................................. 0.502 2.7 0.015 1.65 L-Jan.2023 4.5

Men’s suits, sport coats, and outerwear............ 0.068 4.3 0.003 4.48 L-Jan.2023 7.4

Men’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories.......................................... 0.182 3.2 0.006 1.84 S-Dec.2022 1.6

Men’s shirts and sweaters4

........................... 0.125 1.3 0.002 3.58 L-Dec.2022 2.7

Men’s pants and shorts............................... 0.117 2.8 0.003 2.80 L-Jan.2023 5.5

Boys’ apparel............................................. 0.176 3.4 0.007 2.56 L-Sep.2022 3.6

Women’s and girls’ apparel................................ 1.065 4.1 0.047 1.46 S-Jan.2023 3.7

Women’s apparel......................................... 0.886 3.7 0.037 1.64 S-Jan.2023 3.5

Women’s outerwear................................... 0.049 4.4 0.002 3.41 L-Aug.2022 6.9

Women’s dresses...................................... 0.097 1.5 0.003 3.22 S-Jan.2023 -4.2

Women’s suits and separates4

....................... 0.402 2.9 0.012 2.03 S-Feb.2022 2.5

Women’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories4......................................... 0.326 5.8 0.019 3.55 L-Jan.2023 7.0

Girls’ apparel.............................................. 0.179 5.7 0.011 3.35 S-Jan.2023 4.8

Footwear..................................................... 0.514 0.3 -0.001 1.11 S-Mar.2021 -0.2

Men’s footwear............................................ 0.185 -2.3 -0.005 1.63 S-Nov.2020 -2.4

Boys’ and girls’ footwear................................ 0.121 2.2 0.003 2.71 L-Dec.2022 2.9

Women’s footwear........................................ 0.208 1.7 0.001 1.66 S-Jan.2023 0.1

Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel.............................. 0.106 4.0 0.004 3.96 L-Jan.2023 5.1

Jewelry and watches8

...................................... 0.230 7.3 0.017 2.61 S-Jan.2023 4.9

Watches8

.................................................. 0.038 0.4 0.000 4.24 S-Jun.2022 -1.1

Jewelry8

.................................................... 0.192 8.6 0.017 3.21 S-Jan.2023 5.3

Transportation commodities less motor fuel10............. 7.569 -1.8 -0.155 0.30 L-Dec.2022 -0.9

New vehicles................................................. 4.288 6.1 0.248 0.63 L-Nov.2022 7.2

New cars5................................................. 6.6 1.00 L-Nov.2022 7.8

New trucks12, 5............................................ 6.2 0.94 L-Nov.2022 7.1

Used cars and trucks....................................... 2.554 -11.2 -0.432 0.12 L-Dec.2022 -8.8

Motor vehicle parts and equipment....................... 0.483 6.4 0.027 1.28 L-Jan.2023 8.3

Tires........................................................ 0.329 4.3 0.011 1.35 – –

Vehicle accessories other than tires4.................. 0.154 10.3 0.016 2.38 L-Jan.2023 12.1

Vehicle parts and equipment other than tires5

..... 8.6 2.81 L-Jan.2023 10.6

Motor oil, coolant, and fluids5

........................ 14.2 2.06 L-Dec.2022 19.1

Medical care commodities.................................... 1.453 3.6 0.053 0.62 L-Sep.2022 3.7

Medicinal drugs10........................................... 1.340 3.2 0.044 0.64 L-Jan.2023 3.2

Prescription drugs........................................ 0.952 2.7 0.026 0.64 L-Sep.2022 2.7

Nonprescription drugs10................................. 0.388 4.7 0.018 1.49 L-Jan.2023 4.8

Medical equipment and supplies10........................ 0.112 9.3 0.009 1.66 L-EVER –

Recreation commodities10.................................... 2.285 3.2 0.065 0.62 L-Jan.2023 3.3

Video and audio products10................................ 0.282 -5.5 -0.016 1.07 L-May 2022 -5.2

Televisions................................................ 0.139 -14.0 -0.020 1.13 L-Jan.2023 -13.2

Other video equipment4

................................. 0.016 -3.5 -0.001 2.94 L-Feb.2022 -2.7

Audio equipment.......................................... 0.057 4.9 0.003 2.97 L-EVER –

Recorded music and music subscriptions4

............ 0.059 3.3 0.002 1.26 L-Sep.2020 3.4

Pets and pet products...................................... 0.669 10.3 0.059 1.06 S-Jul.2022 8.9

Pet food4, 5

................................................ 14.4 1.44 S-Sep.2022 14.0

Purchase of pets, pet supplies, accessories4, 5

. . . . .. 4.4 1.87 S-Dec.2021 3.4

Sporting goods.............................................. 0.759 1.1 0.006 1.29 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2022-

Mar. 2023

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2022-

Mar. 20231

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:3

Date Percent

change

Sports vehicles including bicycles...................... 0.441 2.1 0.008 2.06 L-Dec.2022 2.9

Sports equipment......................................... 0.309 -0.1 -0.001 1.60 S-Oct.2020 -0.4

Photographic equipment and supplies................... 0.021 6.3 0.001 3.12 L-Aug.2022 6.3

Photographic equipment4, 5

............................. 5.1 4.24 L-Dec.2022 5.1

Recreational reading materials............................ 0.112 3.8 0.004 1.71 L-Dec.2022 4.4

Newspapers and magazines4........................... 0.060 6.2 0.004 2.69 L-Dec.2022 6.5

Recreational books4

...................................... 0.052 0.6 0.000 2.26 L-Dec.2022 1.5

Other recreational goods4.................................. 0.443 2.4 0.011 1.45 L-Oct.2022 3.7

Toys........................................................ 0.357 2.0 0.008 1.66 L-Oct.2022 3.1

Toys, games, hobbies and playground

equipment4, 5......................................... 1.5 2.97 L-Jan.2023 1.5

Sewing machines, fabric and supplies4

............... 0.022 1.8 0.001 3.77 L-Jan.2023 8.7

Music instruments and accessories4

................... 0.052 5.5 0.003 1.91 L-Dec.2022 5.5

Education and communication commodities10............. 0.912 -10.2 -0.086 1.55 L-Dec.2022 -10.1

Educational books and supplies.......................... 0.097 0.7 0.000 2.75 S-Dec.2021 -0.4

College textbooks13, 5

.................................... 1.4 2.11 S-Feb.2022 0.7

Information technology commodities10................... 0.815 -11.5 -0.086 1.94 L-Nov.2022 -11.5

Computers, peripherals, and smart home

assistants6

.............................................. 0.372 -5.8 -0.020 3.10 S-Jan.2023 -6.2

Computer software and accessories4.................. 0.023 -1.0 0.000 3.17 L-Oct.2022 -0.9

Telephone hardware, calculators, and other

consumer information items4......................... 0.419 -17.1 -0.067 2.23 L-Sep.2022 -16.6

Smartphones5, 14

....................................... -23.9 3.27 L-Jan.2023 -23.9

Alcoholic beverages........................................... 0.838 4.5 0.039 0.56 S-Sep.2022 4.1

Alcoholic beverages at home.............................. 0.509 3.9 0.022 0.65 S-Oct.2022 3.8

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages at home........ 0.195 6.1 0.013 0.85 S-Oct.2022 6.0

Distilled spirits at home.................................. 0.087 2.1 0.002 0.64 S-Dec.2022 1.7

Whiskey at home5

..................................... 1.0 1.47 L-Jan.2023 1.3

Distilled spirits, excluding whiskey, at home5

. . . . .. 2.5 1.03 S-Jan.2023 2.4

Wine at home............................................. 0.227 2.7 0.007 1.04 S-Sep.2022 2.7

Alcoholic beverages away from home.................... 0.329 5.8 0.017 1.01 S-Sep.2022 5.8

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages away from

home4, 5

................................................. 5.5 1.15 L-Jan.2023 5.8

Wine away from home4, 5

............................... 6.9 1.11 S-Sep.2022 6.9

Distilled spirits away from home4, 5.................... 5.1 1.24 S-Sep.2022 4.6

Other goods10.................................................. 1.244 6.9 0.090 0.49 S-Jul.2022 6.7

Tobacco and smoking products........................... 0.496 6.9 0.035 0.73 L-Sep.2022 8.2

Cigarettes4

................................................ 0.411 7.4 0.032 0.72 L-Sep.2022 8.4

Tobacco products other than cigarettes4

.............. 0.078 3.8 0.003 1.50 S-Jan.2023 3.6

Personal care products..................................... 0.596 6.5 0.041 0.66 S-Sep.2022 6.5

Hair, dental, shaving, and miscellaneous personal

care products4

.......................................... 0.312 8.7 0.028 0.81 L-Dec.2022 9.9

Cosmetics, perfume, bath, nail preparations and

implements............................................. 0.273 4.2 0.012 0.99 S-Aug.2022 4.2

Miscellaneous personal goods4

........................... 0.153 8.3 0.014 2.04 S-Aug.2022 8.3

Stationery, stationery supplies, gift wrap5............. 10.4 3.36 S-Sep.2022 10.4

Services less energy services.................................. 58.175 7.1 4.057 0.16 S-Dec.2022 7.0

Shelter........................................................... 34.473 8.2 2.681 0.23 L-Jun.1982 9.0

Rent of shelter15............................................. 34.102 8.3 2.677 0.24 L-EVER –

Rent of primary residence............................... 7.533 8.8 0.641 0.21 – –

Lodging away from home4

.............................. 1.158 7.3 0.104 2.31 L-Jan.2023 7.7

Housing at school, excluding board15............... 0.161 3.0 0.004 0.31 – –

Other lodging away from home including hotels

and motels........................................... 0.997 8.1 0.101 2.63 L-Jan.2023 8.5

Owners’ equivalent rent of residences15.............. 25.411 8.0 1.931 0.24 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2022-

Mar. 2023

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2022-

Mar. 20231

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:3

Date Percent

change

Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence15. .. 24.026 8.1 1.834 0.24 L-EVER –

Tenants’ and household insurance4

................... 0.371 0.9 0.003 0.68 L-Jan.2023 0.9

Water and sewer and trash collection services4........ 1.062 5.4 0.058 0.37 L-Feb.2013 5.4

Water and sewerage maintenance..................... 0.760 4.9 0.038 0.44 L-May 2016 4.9

Garbage and trash collection12......................... 0.301 6.7 0.020 0.80 S-Dec.2022 6.1

Household operations4.....................................

Domestic services4

....................................... 0.257 1.2 0.003 1.50 S-Mar.2020 1.0

Gardening and lawncare services4.....................

Moving, storage, freight expense4...................... 0.102 0.8 0.001 3.46 L-Jan.2023 1.6

Repair of household items4............................. 0.111 0.007 0.96 – –

Medical care services...................................... 6.525 1.0 0.073 0.39 S-Sep.2021 0.9

Professional services.................................... 3.562 2.2 0.076 0.52 S-Jul.2022 2.2

Physicians’ services................................... 1.819 0.5 0.009 0.85 S-Feb.2022 0.5

Dental services......................................... 0.914 6.8 0.061 1.14 L-May 1992 6.9

Eyeglasses and eye care8

............................ 0.310 1.5 0.005 0.94 L-Dec.2022 1.7

Services by other medical professionals8. . . . . . . . .. 0.519 -0.2 0.000 2.53 L-Dec.2022 2.1

Hospital and related services........................... 2.260 3.2 0.080 0.49 S-Nov.2022 3.2

Hospital services16..................................... 1.923 2.7 0.059 0.52 S-Jun.2021 2.4

Inpatient hospital services16, 5

..................... 2.3 1.01 S-Jul.2021 2.3

Outpatient hospital services8, 5

.................... 4.1 0.87 L-Dec.2022 4.7

Nursing homes and adult day services16........... 0.189 6.2 0.012 0.63 – –

Care of invalids and elderly at home7

............... 0.148 6.2 0.010 1.24 S-Dec.2022 6.1

Health insurance7

........................................ 0.703 -10.7 -0.084 0.40 S-EVER –

Transportation services..................................... 5.812 13.9 0.777 0.68 S-Aug.2022 11.3

Leased cars and trucks13................................ 0.740 0.183 2.86 – –

Car and truck rental4..................................... 0.118 -8.9 -0.013 2.36 S-Jul.2022 -11.9

Motor vehicle maintenance and repair................. 1.106 13.3 0.136 0.90 L-Jan.2023 14.2

Motor vehicle body work..............................

Motor vehicle maintenance and servicing.......... 0.573 10.8 0.060 1.22 L-Jul.1979 11.0

Motor vehicle repair4

.................................. 0.419 17.4 0.065 1.70 S-Nov.2022 15.0

Motor vehicle insurance................................. 2.554 15.0 0.357 1.06 L-May 2021 16.9

Motor vehicle fees4

....................................... 0.496 2.9 0.014 0.71 S-Jan.2023 2.7

State motor vehicle registration and license

fees4

.................................................. 0.278 3.5 0.010 0.62 – –

Parking and other fees4............................... 0.197 1.9 0.004 1.03 S-Dec.2022 0.7

Parking fees and tolls4, 5........................... 2.4 1.37 L-Oct.2022 2.7

Public transportation..................................... 0.799 12.4 0.099 1.43 S-Feb.2022 8.3

Airline fares............................................. 0.606 17.7 0.097 2.20 S-Feb.2022 12.7

Other intercity transportation......................... 0.048 1.5 0.002 1.61 S-Sep.2022 1.0

Ship fare4, 5

.......................................... -2.7 2.38 L-Jan.2023 -1.9

Intracity transportation................................. 0.140 -0.3 0.000 1.93 S-Mar.2021 -1.2

Intracity mass transit10, 5........................... 0.2 0.54 – –

Recreation services10....................................... 3.121 5.9 0.186 0.48 S-Jan.2023 5.8

Video and audio services10............................. 0.996 5.8 0.061 0.65 L-Oct.2017 5.8

Cable, satellite, and live streaming television

service12.............................................. 0.879 5.9 0.054 0.60 L-Oct.2017 6.2

Purchase, subscription, and rental of video4....... 0.116 6.7 0.006 4.14 S-Nov.2022 6.4

Video discs and other media4, 5

................... 7.0 5.83 S-Jul.2022 6.4

Subscription and rental of video and video

games4, 5

.......................................... 6.2 1.58 S-Oct.2022 5.7

Pet services including veterinary4

...................... 0.548 8.6 0.045 0.97 S-Jun.2022 7.9

Pet services4, 5

......................................... 8.0 1.28 L-Jan.2023 8.4

Veterinarian services4, 5

............................... 7.7 1.62 S-Jun.2022 7.5

Photographers and photo processing4

................ 0.039 6.5 0.002 2.07 S-Dec.2022 5.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2022-

Mar. 2023

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2022-

Mar. 20231

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:3

Date Percent

change

Other recreation services4............................... 1.537 5.3 0.078 0.79 S-Nov.2022 4.4

Club membership for shopping clubs, fraternal, or

other organizations, or participant sports

fees4

.................................................. 0.676 4.8 0.031 0.64 S-Sep.2022 4.1

Admissions............................................. 0.442 5.6 0.025 1.82 S-Nov.2022 3.7

Admission to movies, theaters, and

concerts4, 5

........................................ 6.5 1.37 – –

Admission to sporting events4, 5

................... 3.9 7.63 L-Mar.2022 8.7

Fees for lessons or instructions8.................... 0.183 7.1 0.012 1.10 S-Nov.2022 5.0

Education and communication services10................ 4.874 3.3 0.172 0.18 L-EVER –

Tuition, other school fees, and childcare.............. 2.150 3.7 0.091 0.28 L-Nov.2015 3.7

College tuition and fees............................... 1.180 2.3 0.033 0.41 – –

Elementary and high school tuition and fees. . . . .. 0.304 3.7 0.012 0.34 – –

Day care and preschool11............................ 0.566 6.8 0.041 0.54 L-EVER –

Technical and business school tuition and fees4

... 0.026 2.5 0.001 1.19 L-Jan.2021 2.5

Postage and delivery services4......................... 0.075 7.2 0.006 0.66 S-Jan.2023 6.8

Postage................................................. 0.064 6.7 0.005 0.70 – –

Delivery services4...................................... 0.011 10.5 0.001 1.53 S-Feb.2022 9.7

Telephone services4

..................................... 1.667 2.0 0.038 0.17 L-Jan.2023 2.0

Wireless telephone services4........................ 1.421 1.2 0.019 0.17 L-Jan.2023 1.4

Residential telephone services10.................... 0.246 6.8 0.019 0.91 S-Jan.2023 5.7

Internet services and electronic information

providers4............................................... 0.975 3.9 0.038 0.58 L-Jun.2009 4.4

Other personal services10.................................. 1.439 5.3 0.073 0.51 L-Jan.2023 5.3

Personal care services.................................. 0.604 5.4 0.030 0.87 L-Dec.2022 6.3

Haircuts and other personal care services4

........ 0.604 5.4 0.030 0.87 L-Dec.2022 6.3

Miscellaneous personal services....................... 0.835 5.2 0.044 0.55 S-Dec.2022 5.1

Legal services8......................................... 0.239 4.9 0.011 0.86 S-Feb.2022 4.9

Funeral expenses8..................................... 0.168 5.0 0.008 0.46 S-Nov.2022 4.9

Laundry and dry cleaning services4................. 0.142 6.3 0.009 1.28 S-Sep.2021 6.0

Apparel services other than laundry and dry

cleaning4

............................................. 0.027 9.7 0.002 1.84 S-Aug.2022 9.1

Financial services8

..................................... 0.181 4.6 0.008 1.18 S-Jan.2023 3.5

Checking account and other bank services4, 5... 2.2 1.96 – –

Tax return preparation and other accounting

fees4, 5

............................................. 1.61 – –

Special aggregate indexes

All items less food.................................................. 86.493 4.4 3.854 0.14 S-Mar.2021 2.5

All items less shelter................................................ 65.527 3.4 2.304 0.13 S-Mar.2021 3.1

All items less food and shelter.................................... 52.021 2.2 1.173 0.15 S-Feb.2021 1.3

All items less food, shelter, and energy.......................... 45.025 3.7 1.714 0.15 – –

All items less food, shelter, energy, and used cars and

trucks............................................................... 42.471 5.1 2.145 0.16 S-Jan.2022 5.1

All items less medical care........................................ 92.023 5.3 4.859 0.13 S-Apr.2021 4.4

All items less energy................................................ 93.005 6.0 5.525 0.12 S-Dec.2021 5.6

Commodities......................................................... 38.408 1.6 0.616 0.14 S-Jan.2021 1.5

Commodities less food, energy, and used cars and

trucks............................................................ 18.769 4.2 0.769 0.26 – –

Commodities less food.......................................... 24.901 -2.0 -0.515 0.19 S-Aug.2020 -2.2

Commodities less food and beverages........................ 24.062 -2.2 -0.555 0.20 S-Aug.2020 -2.4

Services.............................................................. 61.592 7.3 4.369 0.18 S-Nov.2022 7.2

Services less rent of shelter15.................................. 27.491 6.1 1.692 0.21 S-May 2022 6.0

Services less medical care services........................... 55.068 8.0 4.296 0.19 S-Dec.2022 8.0

Durables.............................................................. 12.496 -1.0 -0.123 0.30 L-Dec.2022 -0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2023, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2023

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2022-

Mar. 2023

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2022-

Mar. 20231

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:3

Date Percent

change

Nondurables......................................................... 25.912 2.8 0.739 0.16 S-Feb.2021 1.7

Nondurables less food........................................... 12.405 -2.8 -0.392 0.26 S-Dec.2020 -4.8

Nondurables less food and beverages........................ 11.567 -3.4 -0.431 0.28 S-Dec.2020 -5.4

Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel............. 8.974 -5.0 -0.521 0.32 S-Dec.2020 -5.9

Nondurables less food and apparel............................ 9.813 -4.3 -0.482 0.28 S-Dec.2020 -5.0

Housing............................................................... 44.451 7.8 3.304 0.22 S-Nov.2022 7.8

Education and communication4

................................... 5.786 1.4 0.086 0.28 L-Mar.2022 1.5

Education4......................................................... 2.247 3.5 0.091 0.29 L-Dec.2015 3.7

Communication4.................................................. 3.539 -0.2 -0.005 0.41 L-Apr.2022 -0.1

Information and information processing4................... 3.464 -0.3 -0.011 0.41 L-Apr.2022 -0.2

Information technology, hardware and services17......... 1.797 -3.0 -0.049 0.81 L-Jul.2022 -2.2

Recreation4.......................................................... 5.406 4.8 0.251 0.38 S-Jan.2023 4.8

Video and audio4................................................. 1.277 3.4 0.044 0.59 L-May 2022 3.4

Pets, pet products and services4............................... 1.216 9.4 0.104 0.70 S-Jul.2022 9.1

Photography4...................................................... 0.062 6.5 0.004 1.76 S-Dec.2022 5.8

Food and beverages................................................ 14.345 8.3 1.171 0.19 S-Feb.2022 7.6

Domestically produced farm food.............................. 7.274 8.3 0.574 0.30 S-Jan.2022 7.7

Other services....................................................... 9.434 4.4 0.431 0.20 L-Aug.1997 4.4

Apparel less footwear.............................................. 2.078 4.0 0.090 1.00 L-Nov.2022 4.0

Fuels and utilities.................................................... 4.678 7.3 0.346 0.62 S-Jul.2021 7.0

Household energy................................................ 3.617 7.8 0.287 0.80 S-Jun.2021 7.4

Medical care......................................................... 7.977 1.5 0.126 0.34 S-Oct.2021 1.3

Transportation....................................................... 16.759 -1.0 -0.207 0.30 S-Jan.2021 -1.3

Private transportation............................................ 15.960 -1.6 -0.306 0.29 S-Nov.2020 -2.6

New and used motor vehicles4

.............................. 7.943 -0.1 -0.013 0.35 L-Dec.2022 0.7

Utilities and public transportation................................. 7.824 6.9 0.562 0.41 S-Feb.2022 6.7

Household furnishings and operations........................... 5.300 5.6 0.278 0.49 S-Sep.2021 5.1

Other goods and services.......................................... 2.683 6.1 0.164 0.33 – –

Personal care..................................................... 2.187 5.9 0.129 0.36 – –

1 The ’effect’ of an item category is a measure of that item’s contribution to the All items price change. For example, if the Food index had an effect of

0.40, and the All items index rose 1.2 percent, then the increase in food prices contributed 0.40 / 1.2, or 33.3 percent, to that All items increase.

Said another way, had food prices been unchanged for that year the change in the All items index would have been 1.2 percent minus 0.40, or 0.8

percent. Effects can be negative as well. For example, if the effect of food was a negative 0.1, and the All items index rose 0.5 percent, the All items

index actually would have been 0.1 percent higher (or 0.6 percent) had food prices been unchanged. Since food prices fell while prices overall were

rising, the contribution of food to the All items price change was negative (in this case, -0.1 / 0.5, or minus 20 percent).

2 A statistic’s margin of error is often expressed as its point estimate plus or minus two standard errors. For example, if a CPI category rose 2.6

percent, and its standard error was 0.25 percent, the margin of error on this item’s 12-month percent change would be 2.6 percent, plus or minus

0.5 percent.

3

If the current 12-month percent change is greater than the previous published 12-month percent change, then this column identifies the closest prior

month with a 12-month percent change as (L)arge as or (L)arger than the current 12-month change. If the current 12-month percent change is

smaller than the previous published 12-month percent change, the most recent month with a change as (S)mall or (S)maller than the current month

change is identified. If the current and previous published 12-month percent changes are equal, a dash will appear. Standard numerical comparison

is used. For example, 2.0% is greater than 0.6%, -4.4% is less than -2.0%, and -2.0% is less than 0.0%. Note that a (L)arger change can be a

smaller decline, for example, a -0.2% change is larger than a -0.4% change, but still represents a decline in the price index. Likewise, (S)maller

changes can be increases, for example, a 0.6% change is smaller than 0.8%, but still represents an increase in the price index. In this context, a

-0.2% change is considered to be smaller than a 0.0% change.

4

Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.

5 Special indexes based on a substantially smaller sample. These series do not contribute to the all items index aggregation and therefore do not

have a relative importance or effect.

6

Indexes on a December 2007=100 base.

7

Indexes on a December 2005=100 base.

8

Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.

9

Indexes on a December 1993=100 base.

10 Indexes on a December 2009=100 base.

11 Indexes on a December 1990=100 base.

12 Indexes on a December 1983=100 base.

13 Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.

14 Indexes on a December 2019=100 base.
15 Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.

16 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.

17 Indexes on a December 1988=100 base.