Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-23-1498 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, July 7, 2023

Technical information: 

 Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — JUNE 2023 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 209,000 in June, and the unemployment rate 

changed little at 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment continued 

to trend up in government, health care, social assistance, and construction. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 3.6 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 6.0 million, 

changed little in June. The unemployment rate has ranged from 3.4 percent to 3.7 percent since March 

2022. (See table A-1.) 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

June 2021 – June 2023

Percent Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, June 2021 – June 2023

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

Jun-21 Sep-21 Dec-21 Mar-22 Jun-22 Sep-22 Dec-22 Mar-23 Jun-23

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

Jun-21 Sep-21 Dec-21 Mar-22 Jun-22 Sep-22 Dec-22 Mar-23 Jun-23
 

-2-

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Whites declined to 3.1 percent in June. 

The jobless rates for adult men (3.4 percent), adult women (3.1 percent), teenagers (11.0 percent),

Blacks (6.0 percent), Asians (3.2 percent), and Hispanics (4.3 percent) showed little change over the 

month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.1 million, changed 

little in June and accounted for 18.5 percent of the total unemployed. (See table A-12.) 

In June, the labor force participation rate was 62.6 percent for the fourth consecutive month, and the 

employment-population ratio, at 60.3 percent, was unchanged over the month. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons increased by 452,000 to 4.2 million 

in June, partially reflecting an increase in the number of persons whose hours were cut due to slack work 

or business conditions. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are individuals who would 

have preferred full-time employment but were working part time because their hours had been reduced 

or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 5.4 million in June, little 

changed from the prior month. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were 

not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. 

(See table A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to 

the labor force was little changed at 1.4 million in June. These individuals wanted and were available 

for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 

weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached 

who believed that no jobs were available for them, decreased by 112,000 to 310,000 in June. (See 

Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 209,000 in June, as employment in government, 

health care, social assistance, and construction continued to trend up. Nonfarm employment has grown 

by an average of 278,000 per month over the first 6 months of 2023, lower than the average of 399,000 

per month in 2022. (See table B-1.) 

Employment in government increased by 60,000 in June. Employment continued to trend up in state 

government (+27,000) and local government (+32,000). Overall, government has added an average of 

63,000 jobs per month thus far in 2023, more than twice the average of 23,000 per month in 2022. 

However, government employment is below its pre-pandemic February 2020 level by 161,000, or 0.7 

percent.

Health care added 41,000 jobs in June. Job growth occurred in hospitals (+15,000), nursing and 

residential care facilities (+12,000), and home health care services (+9,000). Offices of dentists lost 

7,000 jobs. Health care has added an average of 42,000 jobs per month thus far this year, similar to the 

average gain of 46,000 per month in 2022. 
 

-3-

Social assistance added 24,000 jobs in June, mostly in individual and family services (+18,000). Job 

growth in social assistance has averaged 22,000 per month thus far in 2023, in line with the average of 

19,000 per month in 2022. 

Employment in construction continued to trend up in June (+23,000). Employment in the industry has 

increased by an average of 15,000 per month thus far this year, compared with an average of 22,000 per 

month in 2022. In June, employment in residential specialty trade contractors continued to trend up 

(+10,000). 

Employment in professional and business services changed little in June (+21,000). Monthly job 

growth in the industry has averaged 40,000 thus far in 2023, down from 62,000 per month in 2022. 

Employment in professional, scientific, and technical services continued to trend up over the month 

(+23,000). 

In June, employment in leisure and hospitality was little changed (+21,000). This marks the third 

consecutive month of little employment change for this industry. Employment in the industry remains 

below its February 2020 level by 369,000, or 2.2 percent. 

Retail trade employment changed little in June (-11,000). Employment continued to decline in building 

material and garden equipment and supplies dealers (-10,000) and in furniture, home furnishings, 

electronics, and appliance retailers (-5,000). Motor vehicle and parts dealers added 6,000 jobs. Overall, 

employment in retail trade has shown little net change over the year. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing changed little in June (-7,000) and has shown no 

clear trend in recent months. Over the month, employment edged down in couriers and messengers 

(-7,000) and in warehousing and storage (-7,000), while air transportation added 3,000 jobs. 

Employment showed little or no change over the month in other major industries, including mining, 

quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; information; financial 

activities; and other services. 

In June, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 12 cents, or 

0.4 percent, to $33.58. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 4.4 percent. 

In June, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 

11 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $28.83. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 34.4 

hours in June. In manufacturing, the average workweek was unchanged at 40.1 hours, and overtime was 

unchanged at 3.0 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for April was revised down by 77,000, from +294,000 

to +217,000, and the change for May was revised down by 33,000, from +339,000 to +306,000. With 

these revisions, employment in April and May combined is 110,000 lower than previously reported. 

(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies 

since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
 

-4-

____________ 

The Employment Situation for July is scheduled to be released on Friday, August 4, 2023, at 8:30 

a.m. (ET). 

2023 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to Establishment Survey Data 

to be released on August 23, 2023 

Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts of employment 

from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month of March. These counts 

are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records that nearly all employers are required to 

file. At 10:00 a.m. (ET) on August 23, 2023, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the 

preliminary estimate of the upcoming annual benchmark revision to the establishment survey data. This 

is the same day that the first-quarter 2023 data from QCEW will be issued. Preliminary benchmark 

revisions for all major industry sectors, as well as total nonfarm and total private employment, will be 

available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm.

The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2024 Employment 

Situation news release in February 2024. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

Change from:

May 2023-

June 2023

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 263,835 266,443 266,618 266,801 183

Civilian labor force........................................................... 164,002 166,688 166,818 166,951 133

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.2 62.6 62.6 62.6 0.0

Employed................................................................... 158,057 161,031 160,721 160,994 273

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.9 60.4 60.3 60.3 0.0

Unemployed............................................................... 5,945 5,657 6,097 5,957 -140

Unemployment rate.................................................... 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.6 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 99,833 99,755 99,800 99,850 50

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.6 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 11.0 9.2 10.3 11.0 0.7

White.......................................................................... 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Black or African American.................................................. 5.9 4.7 5.6 6.0 0.4

Asian.......................................................................... 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.2 0.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.3 4.4 4.0 4.3 0.3

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 0.0

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 5.7 5.4 5.7 6.0 0.3

High school graduates, no college........................................ 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.9 0.0

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.1 -0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.0 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 2,633 2,642 2,960 2,900 -60

Job leavers...................................................................... 833 790 765 794 29

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,979 1,761 1,821 1,745 -76

New entrants.................................................................... 466 531 508 558 50

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,259 1,866 2,083 2,068 -15

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,576 1,915 1,865 1,889 24

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 777 679 858 917 59

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,337 1,156 1,188 1,105 -83

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 3,631 3,903 3,739 4,191 452

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,380 2,760 2,582 2,890 308

Could only find part-time work............................................. 910 817 824 948 124

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,655 21,796 21,864 21,267 -597

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,506 1,480 1,508 1,435 -73

Discouraged workers........................................................ 369 364 422 310 -112

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 217 306 209

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 179 259 149

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 25 23 29

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5 3 -1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 11 23 23

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 9 -3 7

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 13 4 15

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 9.0 6.2 4.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 -4 -7 -8

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 154 236 120

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 -1.5 4.2 -3.6

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1 -2.0 23.0 -11.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 -15.1 16.9 -6.9

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 1.7 0.9 -0.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3 0 0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 27 12 10

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 48 61 21

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6.9 -20.5 3.0 -12.6

Private education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 77 80 73

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.2 67.0 64.8 65.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 11 26 21

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5 12 17

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -12 38 47 60

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 227 247 244

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 176 198 196

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 49.8 49.8 49.9

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 48.4 48.4 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.5 81.4 81.4 81.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 34.4 34.3 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $32.18 $33.34 $33.46 $33.58

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,113.43 $1,146.90 $1,147.68 $1,155.15

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.2 114.9 114.8 115.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.4

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.1 183.2 183.7 185.1

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.8

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (250 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 58.4 61.2 58.0

Manufacturing (72 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 47.2 50.7 56.3

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

130,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit

www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 122,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 666,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 

2022 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -80,000 to +180,000 

(50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from

-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 

relay services.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023

June

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263,835 266,618 266,801 263,835 266,112 266,272 266,443 266,618 266,801

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165,012 166,702 167,910 164,002 166,251 166,731 166,688 166,818 166,951

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.5 62.9 62.2 62.5 62.6 62.6 62.6 62.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,678 161,002 161,559 158,057 160,315 160,892 161,031 160,721 160,994

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.1 60.4 60.6 59.9 60.2 60.4 60.4 60.3 60.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,334 5,700 6,351 5,945 5,936 5,839 5,657 6,097 5,957

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,822 99,916 98,891 99,833 99,861 99,541 99,755 99,800 99,850

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,100 6,004 5,846 5,653 5,103 4,925 5,271 5,477 5,389

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,547 130,319 130,408 128,547 130,072 130,150 130,234 130,319 130,408

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,924 88,701 89,503 87,199 88,474 88,999 88,686 88,704 88,836

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.4 68.1 68.6 67.8 68.0 68.4 68.1 68.1 68.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,690 85,626 86,140 84,026 85,266 85,776 85,611 85,410 85,547

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 65.7 66.1 65.4 65.6 65.9 65.7 65.5 65.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,234 3,075 3,363 3,173 3,208 3,223 3,075 3,294 3,289

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,624 41,618 40,905 41,348 41,597 41,151 41,548 41,616 41,572

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,899 121,565 121,646 119,899 121,346 121,415 121,488 121,565 121,646

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,178 85,576 85,895 84,029 85,210 85,696 85,439 85,487 85,774

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.2 70.4 70.6 70.1 70.2 70.6 70.3 70.3 70.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,432 82,810 83,068 81,210 82,407 82,816 82,661 82,526 82,868

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9 68.1 68.3 67.7 67.9 68.2 68.0 67.9 68.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,746 2,765 2,827 2,818 2,803 2,880 2,778 2,961 2,906

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,721 35,989 35,750 35,870 36,136 35,718 36,049 36,078 35,871

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,287 136,299 136,393 135,287 136,040 136,122 136,209 136,299 136,393

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,089 78,001 78,407 76,803 77,777 77,732 78,002 78,114 78,115

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 57.2 57.5 56.8 57.2 57.1 57.3 57.3 57.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,988 75,376 75,419 74,031 75,049 75,115 75,420 75,311 75,448

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.7 55.3 55.3 54.7 55.2 55.2 55.4 55.3 55.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,101 2,625 2,987 2,772 2,728 2,617 2,582 2,803 2,668

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.4 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,198 58,298 57,986 58,484 58,264 58,390 58,207 58,185 58,277

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,872 127,845 127,932 126,872 127,613 127,684 127,761 127,845 127,932

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,522 74,941 74,722 73,721 74,606 74,612 74,868 75,005 74,927

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.9 58.6 58.4 58.1 58.5 58.4 58.6 58.7 58.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,890 72,634 72,171 71,280 72,189 72,284 72,575 72,518 72,567

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 56.8 56.4 56.2 56.6 56.6 56.8 56.7 56.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,632 2,307 2,551 2,441 2,417 2,328 2,293 2,486 2,360

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,350 52,904 53,210 53,151 53,007 53,072 52,893 52,840 53,005

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,064 17,208 17,223 17,064 17,153 17,173 17,194 17,208 17,223

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,312 6,185 7,293 6,252 6,435 6,423 6,382 6,326 6,250

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.9 35.9 42.3 36.6 37.5 37.4 37.1 36.8 36.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,356 5,558 6,320 5,566 5,719 5,792 5,796 5,676 5,559

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.2 32.3 36.7 32.6 33.3 33.7 33.7 33.0 32.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957 628 973 686 716 631 586 650 691

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 10.1 13.3 11.0 11.1 9.8 9.2 10.3 11.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,752 11,023 9,931 10,813 10,718 10,750 10,813 10,882 10,973

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023

June

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203,125 204,345 204,433 203,125 204,118 204,186 204,261 204,345 204,433

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,371 127,111 127,942 125,703 126,756 126,933 127,174 127,273 127,306

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 62.2 62.6 61.9 62.1 62.2 62.3 62.3 62.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,949 123,247 123,760 121,582 122,738 122,831 123,224 123,112 123,389

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 60.3 60.5 59.9 60.1 60.2 60.3 60.2 60.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,422 3,864 4,182 4,121 4,017 4,102 3,950 4,161 3,917

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,754 77,233 76,491 77,423 77,362 77,253 77,087 77,072 77,127

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,607 66,450 66,596 65,554 66,083 66,304 66,299 66,433 66,543

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 70.3 70.4 69.9 69.9 70.2 70.1 70.2 70.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,653 64,521 64,668 63,532 64,125 64,287 64,363 64,343 64,545

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9 68.2 68.3 67.8 67.9 68.0 68.1 68.0 68.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,954 1,928 1,928 2,022 1,958 2,018 1,936 2,089 1,998

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,099 55,878 55,784 55,312 55,733 55,656 55,882 55,950 55,994

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 57.5 57.3 57.1 57.4 57.3 57.5 57.5 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,334 54,379 54,176 53,713 54,142 53,994 54,304 54,323 54,536

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 55.9 55.7 55.4 55.7 55.6 55.9 55.9 56.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,765 1,499 1,608 1,598 1,591 1,661 1,578 1,627 1,458

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,665 4,784 5,562 4,837 4,940 4,973 4,993 4,890 4,769

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.4 38.2 44.4 38.7 39.6 39.8 39.9 39.1 38.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,961 4,347 4,916 4,336 4,471 4,550 4,557 4,445 4,308

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.7 34.7 39.3 34.7 35.8 36.4 36.4 35.5 34.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703 437 646 501 469 423 436 445 461

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 9.1 11.6 10.4 9.5 8.5 8.7 9.1 9.7

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,107 34,613 34,644 34,107 34,519 34,550 34,583 34,613 34,644

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,379 21,878 21,886 21,209 21,893 22,152 21,790 21,874 21,695

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 63.2 63.2 62.2 63.4 64.1 63.0 63.2 62.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,082 20,662 20,495 19,965 20,654 21,037 20,766 20,641 20,402

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.9 59.7 59.2 58.5 59.8 60.9 60.0 59.6 58.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,297 1,216 1,392 1,245 1,239 1,114 1,025 1,234 1,292

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 5.6 6.4 5.9 5.7 5.0 4.7 5.6 6.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,728 12,735 12,757 12,898 12,626 12,399 12,793 12,738 12,949

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,945 10,103 10,128 9,863 10,218 10,400 10,005 10,084 10,053

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 68.4 68.5 68.0 69.3 70.5 67.8 68.2 68.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,429 9,536 9,547 9,336 9,700 9,860 9,556 9,519 9,465

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 64.5 64.5 64.4 65.8 66.8 64.7 64.4 64.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 567 581 527 518 539 449 565 588

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.1 5.2 4.5 5.6 5.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,612 11,058 10,881 10,624 10,877 10,986 11,054 11,051 10,886

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 63.9 62.8 62.0 63.0 63.6 63.9 63.9 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,998 10,491 10,260 10,025 10,319 10,522 10,573 10,469 10,300

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 60.6 59.2 58.5 59.8 60.9 61.1 60.5 59.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 567 621 599 558 464 481 582 586

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 5.1 5.7 5.6 5.1 4.2 4.4 5.3 5.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822 717 877 723 797 766 732 740 756

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 28.3 34.6 29.2 31.7 30.4 29.0 29.2 29.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 635 688 604 635 655 637 653 638

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.4 25.1 27.1 24.4 25.2 26.0 25.2 25.8 25.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 82 189 119 163 111 95 87 118

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 11.4 21.6 16.5 20.4 14.5 12.9 11.7 15.6

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023

June

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,910 17,511 17,491 16,910 17,444 17,545 17,557 17,511 17,491

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,954 11,348 11,495 10,895 11,348 11,390 11,396 11,408 11,435

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 64.8 65.7 64.4 65.1 64.9 64.9 65.1 65.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,602 11,034 11,104 10,568 10,962 11,067 11,073 11,073 11,073

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 63.0 63.5 62.5 62.8 63.1 63.1 63.2 63.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 315 391 326 386 323 323 335 363

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.8 3.4 3.0 3.4 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,956 6,163 5,997 6,015 6,096 6,154 6,162 6,104 6,056

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023

June

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 46,119 47,380 47,473 46,119 47,103 47,194 47,288 47,380 47,473

Civilian labor force................................ 30,793 31,612 32,063 30,686 31,444 31,517 31,589 31,690 31,943

Participation rate............................... 66.8 66.7 67.5 66.5 66.8 66.8 66.8 66.9 67.3

Employed....................................... 29,443 30,471 30,684 29,355 29,789 30,071 30,185 30,407 30,571

Employment-population ratio............... 63.8 64.3 64.6 63.7 63.2 63.7 63.8 64.2 64.4

Unemployed.................................... 1,350 1,140 1,379 1,331 1,655 1,446 1,404 1,283 1,372

Unemployment rate......................... 4.4 3.6 4.3 4.3 5.3 4.6 4.4 4.0 4.3

Not in labor force................................. 15,326 15,768 15,410 15,433 15,659 15,677 15,699 15,690 15,530

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 16,739 17,113 17,212 16,751 16,882 16,969 16,956 17,123 17,224

Participation rate............................... 80.1 79.5 79.8 80.2 78.8 79.1 78.9 79.5 79.8

Employed....................................... 16,202 16,512 16,647 16,148 16,036 16,293 16,260 16,434 16,576

Employment-population ratio............... 77.5 76.7 77.2 77.3 74.9 76.0 75.7 76.3 76.8

Unemployed.................................... 537 601 565 603 846 676 696 690 649

Unemployment rate......................... 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.6 5.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 12,499 13,120 13,191 12,493 13,085 13,069 13,111 13,150 13,182

Participation rate............................... 59.6 61.1 61.3 59.6 61.3 61.1 61.2 61.2 61.3

Employed....................................... 11,919 12,707 12,618 11,939 12,460 12,482 12,576 12,700 12,638

Employment-population ratio............... 56.9 59.2 58.6 57.0 58.4 58.4 58.7 59.1 58.7

Unemployed.................................... 579 413 572 554 626 587 534 450 544

Unemployment rate......................... 4.6 3.1 4.3 4.4 4.8 4.5 4.1 3.4 4.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,555 1,379 1,660 1,443 1,477 1,479 1,522 1,417 1,537

Participation rate............................... 36.5 31.5 37.9 33.8 34.0 34.0 34.9 32.4 35.0

Employed....................................... 1,321 1,253 1,419 1,268 1,294 1,296 1,349 1,273 1,357

Employment-population ratio............... 31.0 28.6 32.4 29.7 29.8 29.8 30.9 29.1 31.0

Unemployed.................................... 234 126 242 175 183 183 174 144 180

Unemployment rate......................... 15.0 9.2 14.5 12.1 12.4 12.4 11.4 10.1 11.7

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023

June

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 9,389 9,381 9,391 9,190 9,165 9,203 9,082 9,140 9,184

Participation rate.................................. 45.6 46.9 47.7 44.6 48.3 46.6 46.3 45.7 46.6

Employed.......................................... 8,917 8,907 8,884 8,666 8,629 8,762 8,595 8,621 8,632

Employment-population ratio................. 43.3 44.6 45.1 42.1 45.5 44.3 43.8 43.1 43.8

Unemployed....................................... 472 474 507 524 536 441 487 519 552

Unemployment rate............................ 5.0 5.1 5.4 5.7 5.8 4.8 5.4 5.7 6.0

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,612 36,087 35,780 35,897 35,850 35,680 35,752 36,022 36,038

Participation rate.................................. 56.3 56.9 56.5 56.7 56.0 56.1 56.4 56.8 57.0

Employed.......................................... 34,366 34,767 34,441 34,589 34,574 34,246 34,345 34,611 34,638

Employment-population ratio................. 54.3 54.9 54.4 54.6 54.0 53.8 54.2 54.6 54.7

Unemployed....................................... 1,247 1,320 1,339 1,308 1,276 1,433 1,407 1,411 1,400

Unemployment rate............................ 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,757 35,277 35,572 35,714 35,962 35,944 35,668 35,407 35,564

Participation rate.................................. 62.7 62.9 62.5 62.6 63.6 63.6 63.0 63.1 62.5

Employed.......................................... 34,639 34,203 34,475 34,593 34,796 34,877 34,650 34,273 34,472

Employment-population ratio................. 60.7 61.0 60.5 60.6 61.5 61.8 61.2 61.1 60.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,118 1,073 1,096 1,121 1,167 1,067 1,018 1,134 1,092

Unemployment rate............................ 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 61,540 64,067 63,652 62,172 63,140 63,632 64,077 64,201 64,274

Participation rate.................................. 72.4 73.0 72.7 73.2 72.3 73.1 73.3 73.1 73.4

Employed.......................................... 60,166 62,857 62,310 60,875 61,858 62,355 62,835 62,879 63,010

Employment-population ratio................. 70.8 71.6 71.2 71.7 70.9 71.6 71.8 71.6 72.0

Unemployed....................................... 1,374 1,210 1,342 1,296 1,282 1,278 1,241 1,322 1,264

Unemployment rate............................ 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

June

2022

June

2023

June

2022

June

2023

June

2022

June

2023

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,384 17,920 16,356 15,879 2,028 2,041

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,616 8,576 7,445 7,486 1,171 1,090

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.9 47.9 45.5 47.1 57.7 53.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,381 8,346 7,245 7,278 1,136 1,067

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.6 46.6 44.3 45.8 56.0 52.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 230 200 208 35 22

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,768 9,344 8,911 8,393 857 951

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,933 5,040 4,031 4,123 902 917

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,808 3,973 3,162 3,354 646 620

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 78.8 78.4 81.3 71.6 67.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,697 3,872 3,074 3,255 623 617

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.0 76.8 76.3 78.9 69.1 67.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 102 88 99 23 3

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.5 0.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,125 1,066 869 769 256 297

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,200 2,949 2,733 2,499 467 450

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,238 2,073 1,937 1,790 300 283

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.9 70.3 70.9 71.6 64.3 63.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,205 2,028 1,911 1,758 293 270

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.9 68.8 69.9 70.4 62.8 60.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 45 26 31 7 13

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.2 1.4 1.7 2.3 4.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963 876 796 710 167 166

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,250 5,987 6,001 5,733 249 254

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905 849 862 820 43 29

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 14.2 14.4 14.3 17.4 11.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 819 816 789 43 29

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 13.7 13.6 13.8 17.2 11.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 30 46 30 0 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 3.6 5.3 3.7 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,345 5,138 5,139 4,913 206 225

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,001 3,944 3,591 3,524 410 420

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,666 1,680 1,484 1,523 181 157

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 42.6 41.3 43.2 44.3 37.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,620 1,627 1,443 1,476 177 151

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.5 41.2 40.2 41.9 43.1 35.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 53 41 47 5 6

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 3.2 2.7 3.1 2.7 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,335 2,264 2,107 2,001 229 263

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236,545 239,520 107,707 109,818 128,837 129,702

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,584 156,449 79,030 80,623 74,554 75,826

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.9 65.3 73.4 73.4 57.9 58.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,902 150,762 76,207 77,719 71,696 73,043

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.9 70.8 70.8 55.6 56.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,682 5,687 2,824 2,904 2,858 2,783

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,961 83,071 28,677 29,195 54,284 53,876

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

June

2022

June

2023

June

2022

June

2023

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 32,921 34,152 230,913 232,649

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 7,588 8,193 157,424 159,717

Participation rate..................................................................... 23.1 24.0 68.2 68.7

Employed............................................................................. 6,965 7,638 151,713 153,921

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 21.2 22.4 65.7 66.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 624 555 5,711 5,796

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.2 6.8 3.6 3.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 25,333 25,960 73,490 72,931

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 3,125 3,360 78,790 80,084

Participation rate..................................................................... 38.0 39.9 83.3 83.8

Employed............................................................................. 2,866 3,138 75,997 77,113

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 34.9 37.3 80.4 80.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 259 221 2,793 2,971

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.3 6.6 3.5 3.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,091 5,052 15,759 15,531

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 3,166 3,348 69,263 70,132

Participation rate..................................................................... 38.1 39.5 72.0 73.0

Employed............................................................................. 2,900 3,112 66,579 67,547

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 34.9 36.7 69.3 70.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 267 235 2,684 2,585

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.4 7.0 3.9 3.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,145 5,124 26,871 25,942

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,297 1,485 9,371 9,502

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.9 8.6 23.3 23.2

Employed............................................................................. 1,199 1,387 9,137 9,262

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.3 8.0 22.7 22.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 98 99 234 240

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.5 6.6 2.5 2.5

Not in labor force....................................................................... 15,096 15,784 30,859 31,458

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

June

2022

June

2023

June

2022

June

2023

June

2022

June

2023

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 44,854 45,873 21,696 22,463 23,158 23,409

Civilian labor force.................................................. 29,553 30,730 16,757 17,508 12,796 13,222

Participation rate.................................................. 65.9 67.0 77.2 77.9 55.3 56.5

Employed.......................................................... 28,498 29,710 16,221 17,042 12,276 12,668

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.5 64.8 74.8 75.9 53.0 54.1

Unemployed....................................................... 1,056 1,020 536 466 520 555

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.6 3.3 3.2 2.7 4.1 4.2

Not in labor force.................................................... 15,300 15,142 4,939 4,955 10,361 10,187

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 218,981 220,928 106,851 107,945 112,129 112,984

Civilian labor force.................................................. 135,459 137,180 71,167 71,995 64,292 65,185

Participation rate.................................................. 61.9 62.1 66.6 66.7 57.3 57.7

Employed.......................................................... 130,180 131,849 68,468 69,097 61,712 62,752

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.4 59.7 64.1 64.0 55.0 55.5

Unemployed....................................................... 5,279 5,331 2,698 2,898 2,581 2,433

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.7

Not in labor force.................................................... 83,522 83,749 35,685 35,950 47,837 47,799

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023

June

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,385 2,358 2,398 2,297 2,346 2,226 2,301 2,301 2,311

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,553 1,615 1,650 1,513 1,521 1,509 1,536 1,569 1,591

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 787 694 712 746 781 666 715 672 674

Unpaid family workers........................... 45 50 36 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 156,293 158,644 159,161 155,976 157,743 158,318 158,639 158,416 158,853

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 146,848 149,753 150,021 146,424 148,723 149,479 149,383 149,512 149,632

Government..................................... 20,265 21,487 21,022 20,775 21,501 21,467 21,678 21,434 21,552

Private industries............................... 126,582 128,266 128,999 125,714 126,967 127,750 127,655 128,050 128,110

Private households.......................... 616 643 641 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 125,966 127,624 128,358 125,117 126,261 127,055 126,942 127,337 127,470

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 9,392 8,820 9,055 9,242 9,338 9,173 9,100 8,731 8,917

Unpaid family workers........................... 53 71 84 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 3,838 3,535 4,403 3,631 4,067 4,102 3,903 3,739 4,191

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,426 2,435 2,955 2,380 2,840 2,873 2,760 2,582 2,890

Could only find part-time work.................. 906 835 974 910 859 882 817 824 948

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,885 21,884 20,354 20,655 21,856 21,433 21,796 21,864 21,267

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 3,813 3,518 4,337 3,594 3,964 4,037 3,841 3,725 4,095

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,415 2,428 2,910 2,358 2,750 2,822 2,715 2,566 2,835

Could only find part-time work.................. 901 835 970 907 842 872 807 821 943

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,474 21,515 20,004 20,238 21,453 21,069 21,400 21,496 20,913

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023

June

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,678 161,002 161,559 158,057 160,315 160,892 161,031 160,721 160,994

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,356 5,558 6,320 5,566 5,719 5,792 5,796 5,676 5,559

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,395 2,115 2,451 2,113 2,200 2,227 2,209 2,240 2,177

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,961 3,443 3,868 3,450 3,534 3,589 3,594 3,450 3,372

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,322 155,445 155,239 152,491 154,597 155,100 155,236 155,045 155,435

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,235 14,711 15,130 13,853 14,831 14,896 14,843 14,816 14,741

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,087 140,734 140,110 138,598 139,939 140,372 140,452 140,314 140,612

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,200 103,443 103,108 101,492 102,838 103,121 103,220 103,209 103,384

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,345 35,897 35,712 35,386 35,799 35,780 35,866 35,814 35,755

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,399 35,343 35,267 34,520 35,243 35,492 35,285 35,257 35,391

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,457 32,202 32,130 31,586 31,796 31,849 32,069 32,138 32,238

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,887 37,291 37,002 37,106 37,100 37,250 37,232 37,105 37,228

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,690 85,626 86,140 84,026 85,266 85,776 85,611 85,410 85,547

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,257 2,816 3,072 2,816 2,859 2,961 2,951 2,884 2,679

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,238 991 1,142 1,042 1,020 1,134 1,079 1,043 972

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,019 1,825 1,930 1,769 1,851 1,850 1,878 1,844 1,695

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,432 82,810 83,068 81,210 82,407 82,816 82,661 82,526 82,868

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,317 7,489 7,784 7,083 7,484 7,687 7,491 7,509 7,541

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,115 75,321 75,284 74,071 75,070 75,249 75,207 75,088 75,233

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,238 55,321 55,342 54,169 55,033 55,232 55,184 55,174 55,263

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,826 19,184 19,161 18,797 19,167 19,140 19,134 19,145 19,130

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,531 19,060 19,169 18,509 18,965 19,115 18,997 18,998 19,143

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,880 17,078 17,012 16,863 16,901 16,977 17,053 17,031 16,990

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,877 20,000 19,942 19,902 20,037 20,017 20,023 19,914 19,971

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,988 75,376 75,419 74,031 75,049 75,115 75,420 75,311 75,448

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,098 2,742 3,248 2,750 2,860 2,831 2,845 2,793 2,880

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,156 1,124 1,309 1,071 1,179 1,093 1,130 1,196 1,205

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,942 1,618 1,939 1,681 1,683 1,738 1,716 1,606 1,677

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,890 72,634 72,171 71,280 72,189 72,284 72,575 72,518 72,567

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,918 7,222 7,345 6,770 7,347 7,209 7,353 7,307 7,201

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,972 65,413 64,826 64,527 64,868 65,123 65,245 65,226 65,378

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,963 48,121 47,766 47,322 47,805 47,889 48,036 48,035 48,121

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,518 16,714 16,551 16,589 16,633 16,640 16,732 16,669 16,625

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,868 16,283 16,097 16,011 16,278 16,377 16,288 16,259 16,248

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,577 15,124 15,118 14,723 14,895 14,872 15,016 15,107 15,248

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,009 17,291 17,060 17,204 17,063 17,234 17,209 17,191 17,258

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,191 45,758 45,696 45,276 46,387 46,341 46,124 45,647 45,844

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,099 37,072 36,422 36,516 36,883 36,759 37,140 36,964 36,847

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,010 9,683 9,950 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,626 134,581 135,860 132,558 133,184 134,339 134,500 134,477 134,859

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,052 26,421 25,699 25,469 27,089 26,747 26,663 26,443 26,181

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,432 7,718 7,880 7,552 7,904 7,979 7,707 7,762 7,995

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.8 5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,659 6,706 6,836 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,179 9,514 9,767 9,988 10,119 9,839 9,815 9,403 9,591

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023

June

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 5,945 6,097 5,957 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 686 650 691 11.0 11.1 9.8 9.2 10.3 11.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 267 235 274 11.2 9.0 9.1 9.4 9.5 11.2

18 to 19 years.................................. 392 407 394 10.2 12.1 10.3 9.4 10.6 10.5

20 years and over................................ 5,259 5,447 5,266 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,018 990 952 6.8 6.9 6.5 5.4 6.3 6.1

25 years and over.............................. 4,260 4,401 4,326 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 3,199 3,355 3,322 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 1,278 1,441 1,467 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9

35 to 44 years............................. 1,141 1,052 1,070 3.2 2.6 2.5 2.9 2.9 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 780 862 785 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.4

55 years and over........................... 1,039 1,056 978 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.8 2.6

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,173 3,294 3,289 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 354 333 383 11.2 12.4 10.4 9.1 10.4 12.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 134 91 159 11.4 11.4 9.5 8.6 8.0 14.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 191 239 200 9.7 12.9 10.6 10.1 11.5 10.5

20 years and over................................ 2,818 2,961 2,906 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 586 570 545 7.6 7.9 6.9 6.0 7.1 6.7

25 years and over.............................. 2,212 2,332 2,334 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 1,630 1,743 1,707 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 691 744 792 3.5 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.7 4.0

35 to 44 years............................. 549 534 482 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.5

45 to 54 years............................. 390 465 433 2.3 2.5 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.5

55 years and over........................... 582 589 627 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.3 2.9 3.0

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,772 2,803 2,668 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 331 317 308 10.8 9.8 9.3 9.2 10.2 9.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 132 144 115 11.0 6.8 8.7 10.2 10.7 8.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 201 168 195 10.7 11.2 9.9 8.7 9.5 10.4

20 years and over................................ 2,441 2,486 2,360 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.1

20 to 24 years.................................. 433 420 407 6.0 5.9 6.1 4.7 5.4 5.3

25 years and over.............................. 2,048 2,068 1,992 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 1,569 1,612 1,615 3.2 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.2

25 to 34 years............................. 587 698 675 3.4 3.9 3.4 3.5 4.0 3.9

35 to 44 years............................. 592 517 588 3.6 2.4 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.5

45 to 54 years............................. 390 397 352 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.3

55 years and over........................... 474 460 373 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.1

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 931 948 830 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.8

Married women, spouse present1................. 844 867 810 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.2

Women who maintain families2.................... 477 468 501 4.5 5.0 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 4,910 4,953 4,875 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.5

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,029 1,095 1,086 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.6 4.0 4.0

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023

June

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2,601 2,610 2,817 2,633 2,752 2,949 2,642 2,960 2,900

On temporary layoff.............................. 815 503 850 832 816 833 709 767 842

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 1,786 2,107 1,968 1,802 1,935 2,117 1,933 2,193 2,058

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,278 1,567 1,439 1,256 1,380 1,552 1,445 1,588 1,493

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 508 540 528 546 555 564 488 605 565

Job leavers........................................... 812 715 772 833 891 845 790 765 794

Reentrants............................................ 2,200 1,880 1,934 1,979 1,847 1,665 1,761 1,821 1,745

New entrants......................................... 721 495 828 466 515 492 531 508 558

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 41.1 45.8 44.4 44.5 45.8 49.6 46.2 48.9 48.4

On temporary layoff.............................. 12.9 8.8 13.4 14.1 13.6 14.0 12.4 12.7 14.0

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 28.2 37.0 31.0 30.5 32.2 35.6 33.8 36.2 34.3

Job leavers........................................... 12.8 12.5 12.2 14.1 14.8 14.2 13.8 12.6 13.2

Reentrants............................................ 34.7 33.0 30.4 33.5 30.8 28.0 30.8 30.1 29.1

New entrants......................................... 11.4 8.7 13.0 7.9 8.6 8.3 9.3 8.4 9.3

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0

New entrants......................................... 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023

June

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,964 2,044 2,788 2,259 2,289 2,272 1,866 2,083 2,068

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,386 1,536 1,667 1,576 1,845 1,733 1,915 1,865 1,889

15 weeks and over.................................. 1,985 2,120 1,896 2,114 1,862 1,838 1,835 2,046 2,021

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 699 992 845 777 805 734 679 858 917

27 weeks and over............................... 1,286 1,127 1,051 1,337 1,057 1,104 1,156 1,188 1,105

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 20.8 21.9 19.3 22.3 19.3 19.5 20.9 21.2 20.7

Median duration, in weeks......................... 5.8 9.4 6.4 8.2 8.3 8.1 8.4 8.6 8.7

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 46.8 35.9 43.9 38.0 38.2 38.9 33.2 34.8 34.6

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 21.9 27.0 26.2 26.5 30.8 29.7 34.1 31.1 31.6

15 weeks and over.................................. 31.3 37.2 29.8 35.5 31.1 31.5 32.7 34.1 33.8

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 11.0 17.4 13.3 13.1 13.4 12.6 12.1 14.3 15.3

27 weeks and over............................... 20.3 19.8 16.6 22.5 17.6 18.9 20.6 19.8 18.5

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

June

2022

June

2023

June

2022

June

2023

June

2022

June

2023

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 158,678 161,559 6,334 6,351 3.8 3.8

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 67,224 69,956 1,520 1,609 2.2 2.2

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 29,179 30,881 488 600 1.6 1.9

Professional and related occupations.......................... 38,045 39,075 1,032 1,009 2.6 2.5

Service occupations................................................ 26,195 27,041 1,245 1,222 4.5 4.3

Sales and office occupations...................................... 30,264 30,135 1,223 1,094 3.9 3.5

Sales and related occupations.................................. 14,311 14,218 619 589 4.1 4.0

Office and administrative support occupations............... 15,953 15,917 604 506 3.6 3.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,401 14,596 601 498 4.0 3.3

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,090 1,041 68 55 5.9 5.0

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,542 8,597 400 340 4.5 3.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,770 4,958 133 103 2.7 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 20,593 19,832 1,016 1,080 4.7 5.2

Production occupations.......................................... 8,544 8,269 315 360 3.6 4.2

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 12,050 11,563 700 720 5.5 5.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

June

2022

June

2023

June

2022

June

2023

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 6,334 6,351 3.8 3.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 4,607 4,449 3.5 3.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 10 7 1.6 1.3

Construction.......................................................................... 385 381 3.7 3.6

Manufacturing........................................................................ 465 396 3.0 2.6

Durable goods..................................................................... 277 238 2.9 2.4

Nondurable goods................................................................ 189 158 3.2 2.9

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 799 855 4.1 4.4

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 323 263 3.8 3.1

Information............................................................................ 80 85 3.1 3.1

Financial activities................................................................... 211 226 2.1 2.2

Professional and business services............................................... 640 628 3.4 3.3

Education and health services..................................................... 803 733 3.3 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 721 735 5.2 5.1

Other services........................................................................ 169 140 2.5 2.1

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 69 85 4.4 5.1

Government workers................................................................... 653 649 3.1 3.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 284 340 2.7 3.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2022

May

2023

June

2023

June

2022

Feb.

2023

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

May

2023

June

2023

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.6

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.1 3.6 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.7

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.7 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 7.0 6.4 7.2 6.7 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

June

2022

June

2023

June

2022

June

2023

June

2022

June

2023

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 98,822 98,891 40,624 40,905 58,198 57,986

Persons who currently want a job................................ 6,100 5,846 2,886 2,682 3,214 3,164

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,541 1,479 808 759 733 721

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 386 320 243 185 143 134

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,154 1,159 565 573 590 586

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,432 7,880 3,722 3,873 3,709 4,007

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.7 4.9 4.4 4.5 5.0 5.3

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,204 4,670 2,236 2,488 1,968 2,182

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,692 1,747 613 637 1,079 1,111

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 426 389 286 217 140 172

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,027 994 555 509 472 485

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

Change

from:

May2023 -

June2023p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,217 155,369 156,266 156,963 152,412 155,689 155,995 156,204 209

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,254 132,469 133,370 134,389 130,302 133,086 133,345 133,494 149

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,445 21,394 21,566 21,837 21,175 21,526 21,549 21,578 29

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613 634 641 647 607 640 643 642 -1

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 43.8 43.7 45.3 45.1 46.3 45.9 45.5 -0.4

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . 568.2 590.1 597.2 602.0 561.7 593.3 597.2 596.1 -1.1

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.9 117.3 117.9 118.4 121.4 118.2 119.0 118.0 -1.0

Mining (except oil and gas). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.7 186.1 188.8 191.4 182.8 187.4 186.8 187.7 0.9

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.9 41.4 41.3 41.6 40.8 41.3 41.2 41.5 0.3

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.4 43.9 44.0 44.1 42.7 43.9 43.9 43.6 -0.3

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.4 100.8 103.5 105.7 99.3 102.2 101.7 102.7 1.0

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259.6 286.7 290.5 292.2 257.5 287.7 291.4 290.4 -1.0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,932 7,823 7,973 8,131 7,749 7,901 7,924 7,947 23

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,780.5 1,763.9 1,787.1 1,826.2 1,749.3 1,785.4 1,790.7 1,796.9 6.2

Residential building construction. . . . . . . . . . . . 937.0 915.8 927.9 942.9 921.4 928.1 928.4 929.2 0.8

Nonresidential building construction. . . . . . . . . 843.5 848.1 859.2 883.3 827.9 857.3 862.3 867.7 5.4

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,119.5 1,093.6 1,134.9 1,160.3 1,077.4 1,095.8 1,105.7 1,113.0 7.3

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,032.1 4,965.1 5,051.1 5,144.0 4,921.8 5,019.6 5,027.8 5,037.3 9.5

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,350.1 2,307.9 2,347.5 2,392.3 2,298.0 2,330.0 2,332.6 2,342.6 10.0

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,682.0 2,657.2 2,703.6 2,751.7 2,623.8 2,689.6 2,695.2 2,694.7 -0.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,900 12,937 12,952 13,059 12,819 12,985 12,982 12,989 7

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,008 8,085 8,095 8,172 7,954 8,105 8,109 8,124 15

Wood product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433.2 422.6 424.4 427.2 430.0 423.9 424.3 424.7 0.4

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425.7 427.6 431.4 436.8 418.4 429.8 428.2 430.7 2.5

Primary metal manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361.6 366.7 367.1 368.7 361.4 367.2 368.5 368.6 0.1

Fabricated metal product manufacturing. . . . 1,438.0 1,447.2 1,449.5 1,459.1 1,429.4 1,449.9 1,450.5 1,451.5 1.0

Machinery manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,114.1 1,124.2 1,125.2 1,139.5 1,103.3 1,126.6 1,127.0 1,130.1 3.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,093.5 1,098.3 1,099.1 1,110.8 1,087.5 1,102.7 1,102.7 1,104.8 2.1

Computer and peripheral equipment

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.9 167.7 167.3 169.1 162.3 168.5 168.4 168.7 0.3

Communications equipment

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.6 84.3 84.7 86.5 85.7 84.5 84.9 85.3 0.4

Semiconductor and other electronic

component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389.1 388.0 387.1 389.8 386.3 390.0 388.9 387.6 -1.3

Navigational, measuring, electromedical,

and control instruments

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422.4 425.6 426.6 432.0 421.2 426.5 426.8 430.1 3.3

Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic

and optical media and audio and video

equipment manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.5 32.7 33.4 33.4 32.0 33.2 33.6 32.9 -0.7

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407.7 402.9 404.0 405.7 404.1 403.8 404.6 402.3 -2.3

Transportation equipment manufacturing1

. . . 1,718.1 1,799.8 1,803.2 1,825.7 1,710.7 1,801.5 1,810.2 1,817.4 7.2

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,004.7 1,063.5 1,062.6 1,069.1 1,007.1 1,061.1 1,067.3 1,071.6 4.3

Furniture and related product

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.0 366.2 362.8 365.6 381.7 367.6 363.8 364.0 0.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632.4 629.9 628.0 632.8 627.8 631.7 628.8 629.4 0.6

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,892 4,852 4,857 4,887 4,865 4,880 4,873 4,865 -8

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,702.9 1,710.7 1,709.0 1,722.9 1,700.1 1,726.8 1,725.7 1,722.4 -3.3

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.1 95.6 94.3 94.9 99.3 95.5 94.4 94.2 -0.2

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.9 100.9 101.1 99.4 104.5 100.9 100.7 99.5 -1.2

Apparel manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.7 94.9 93.2 93.0 93.8 94.2 93.0 92.4 -0.6

Paper manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.5 352.3 350.8 351.5 363.5 353.1 351.6 351.0 -0.6

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 383.0 379.8 377.9 377.7 381.7 381.0 378.4 376.9 -1.5

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.6 105.5 107.5 108.2 106.2 106.3 106.1 105.9 -0.2

Chemical manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910.0 915.8 917.4 923.7 905.3 917.7 919.4 919.5 0.1

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761.3 744.7 745.6 746.4 756.7 746.1 744.9 742.9 -2.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

Change

from:

May2023 -

June2023p

Nondurable goods - Continued

Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied

product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362.0 351.9 359.8 369.5 353.5 358.2 359.1 360.4 1.3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,809 111,075 111,804 112,552 109,127 111,560 111,796 111,916 120

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,637 28,574 28,730 28,851 28,671 28,850 28,895 28,873 -22

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,003.3 6,032.9 6,056.8 6,080.8 5,966.3 6,046.4 6,050.6 6,047.0 -3.6

Merchant wholesalers, durable goods. . . . . . . 3,307.9 3,332.5 3,348.0 3,363.3 3,289.0 3,339.0 3,345.3 3,346.1 0.8

Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods. . . 2,174.7 2,175.0 2,185.4 2,194.6 2,158.4 2,180.2 2,181.6 2,179.1 -2.5

Wholesale trade agents and brokers. . . . . . . . 520.7 525.4 523.4 522.9 518.9 527.2 523.7 521.8 -1.9

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,483.9 15,369.5 15,469.5 15,565.1 15,467.3 15,527.2 15,550.2 15,539.0 -11.2

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,024.3 2,020.2 2,038.3 2,054.1 2,010.4 2,021.0 2,032.6 2,038.3 5.7

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,258.4 1,250.9 1,258.2 1,266.7 1,253.9 1,252.1 1,257.5 1,261.0 3.5

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.0 176.9 182.8 185.9 175.8 176.6 177.5 177.0 -0.5

Automotive parts, accessories, and tire

retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580.9 592.4 597.3 601.5 580.7 592.4 597.6 600.3 2.7

Building material and garden equipment

and supplies dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,484.7 1,408.3 1,431.1 1,424.5 1,406.8 1,376.2 1,369.0 1,359.1 -9.9

Food and beverage retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,194.9 3,215.9 3,229.1 3,257.7 3,180.7 3,241.3 3,244.9 3,244.6 -0.3

Furniture, home furnishings, electronics,

and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903.4 854.9 849.9 846.5 912.5 864.0 858.8 854.3 -4.5

Furniture and home furnishings retailers.. . 457.3 435.8 433.1 434.2 461.9 440.6 437.7 437.9 0.2

Electronics and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . 446.1 419.1 416.8 412.3 455.9 425.3 422.9 420.3 -2.6

General merchandise retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,071.1 3,099.1 3,111.9 3,130.4 3,153.3 3,162.4 3,182.1 3,184.0 1.9

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926.8 920.4 928.1 933.1 967.0 961.5 967.4 964.7 -2.7

Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and

other general merchandise retailers. . . . 2,144.3 2,178.7 2,183.8 2,197.3 2,186.3 2,200.9 2,214.7 2,219.3 4.6

Health and personal care retailers. . . . . . . . . . . 1,083.9 1,094.6 1,097.1 1,098.4 1,092.2 1,105.6 1,107.2 1,108.3 1.1

Gasoline stations and fuel dealers. . . . . . . . . . 1,044.6 1,059.0 1,067.3 1,083.0 1,035.6 1,068.0 1,068.7 1,072.8 4.1

Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and

jewelry retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,135.7 1,109.5 1,114.5 1,127.6 1,142.3 1,149.1 1,147.3 1,141.2 -6.1

Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument,

book, and miscellaneous retailers. . . . . . . . . 1,541.3 1,508.0 1,530.3 1,542.9 1,533.5 1,539.6 1,539.6 1,536.4 -3.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,594.7 6,616.6 6,647.1 6,645.8 6,684.2 6,720.0 6,736.9 6,730.0 -6.9

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508.3 535.2 540.5 548.0 502.8 536.7 539.4 542.6 3.2

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.8 150.4 150.4 150.4 146.7 150.4 150.3 150.1 -0.2

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 65.3 68.2 69.9 64.6 66.7 67.4 67.3 -0.1

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,602.4 1,591.4 1,605.7 1,619.9 1,591.4 1,608.7 1,609.9 1,609.7 -0.2

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400.9 432.6 450.5 427.7 412.3 422.1 436.9 439.0 2.1

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.7 48.1 48.1 47.7 50.2 48.1 47.8 47.4 -0.4

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 38.1 32.5 35.1 41.0 32.2 35.7 35.3 35.8 0.5

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 782.0 806.6 809.4 811.4 787.1 813.4 815.7 817.8 2.1

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,070.4 1,049.5 1,054.4 1,058.5 1,136.6 1,120.3 1,122.6 1,115.6 -7.0

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,928.0 1,905.0 1,884.8 1,871.3 1,960.3 1,917.9 1,911.6 1,904.7 -6.9

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555.1 554.9 556.1 559.0 552.9 556.0 556.9 556.6 -0.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,111 3,073 3,078 3,113 3,089 3,095 3,095 3,095 0

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.2 455.0 475.4 484.7 467.3 465.3 473.4 474.9 1.5

Publishing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955.1 932.2 924.8 944.0 946.6 938.4 935.3 938.7 3.4

Broadcasting and content providers. . . . . . . . . . . 358.3 354.9 354.0 352.3 356.9 355.5 354.7 351.6 -3.1

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666.5 647.7 643.2 647.8 665.7 650.8 647.5 647.1 -0.4

Computing infrastructure providers, data

processing, web hosting, and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466.6 489.3 490.9 493.7 464.8 490.3 491.3 492.9 1.6

Web search portals, libraries, archives, and

other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189.2 193.6 189.7 190.5 187.7 195.0 192.5 190.0 -2.5

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,090 9,078 9,104 9,187 9,043 9,122 9,134 9,144 10

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,685.2 6,680.9 6,691.5 6,734.7 6,672.1 6,704.7 6,715.3 6,722.0 6.7

Monetary authorities-central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 21.9 21.9 22.2 21.3 22.0 22.0 22.1 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,696.8 2,665.4 2,663.4 2,674.2 2,689.4 2,671.2 2,669.3 2,669.1 -0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

Change

from:

May2023 -

June2023p

Credit intermediation and related -

Continued

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,760.5 1,784.3 1,778.7 1,789.7 1,754.5 1,787.6 1,782.8 1,786.4 3.6

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,365.4 1,376.5 1,369.6 1,378.1 1,361.4 1,377.9 1,373.1 1,375.5 2.4

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 603.9 567.2 569.4 571.4 603.0 570.5 571.6 570.3 -1.3

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 332.4 313.9 315.3 313.1 331.9 313.1 314.9 312.4 -2.5

Securities, commodity contracts, funds,

trusts, and other financial vehicles,

investments, and related activities. . . . . . . . 1,051.2 1,070.9 1,074.1 1,089.0 1,048.3 1,078.2 1,081.9 1,085.5 3.6

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,915.8 2,922.7 2,932.1 2,949.3 2,913.1 2,933.3 2,942.1 2,945.3 3.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,404.4 2,396.6 2,412.4 2,451.9 2,370.4 2,417.0 2,418.5 2,422.2 3.7

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,832.4 1,841.7 1,842.3 1,864.9 1,816.6 1,852.2 1,851.5 1,853.5 2.0

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549.1 532.6 547.6 564.4 531.2 542.3 544.4 546.4 2.0

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets

(except copyrighted works). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 22.3 22.5 22.6 22.6 22.5 22.6 22.3 -0.3

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,619 22,888 22,997 23,087 22,582 22,972 23,033 23,054 21

Professional, scientific, and technical

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,509.7 10,858.5 10,815.2 10,882.5 10,523.1 10,829.7 10,874.7 10,897.7 23.0

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,194.1 1,171.2 1,172.5 1,195.6 1,183.3 1,180.1 1,180.0 1,185.1 5.1

Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping,

and payroll services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,079.5 1,222.2 1,134.6 1,125.1 1,119.3 1,148.8 1,161.6 1,163.4 1.8

Architectural, engineering, and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,618.8 1,655.6 1,669.1 1,701.2 1,602.8 1,671.3 1,677.1 1,683.4 6.3

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.5 158.5 158.8 160.5 153.6 159.0 158.7 159.4 0.7

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,455.0 2,501.8 2,505.1 2,498.2 2,461.9 2,500.9 2,504.4 2,506.6 2.2

Management, scientific, and technical

consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,775.4 1,854.2 1,863.7 1,877.1 1,782.7 1,863.2 1,874.6 1,886.5 11.9

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906.3 925.4 929.7 945.3 896.2 931.0 934.0 934.7 0.7

Advertising, public relations, and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489.4 491.5 493.9 498.9 487.8 493.1 495.3 497.5 2.2

Other professional, scientific, and technical

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836.7 878.1 887.8 880.6 835.4 882.3 889.1 881.1 -8.0

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,501.2 2,512.1 2,513.3 2,531.9 2,486.0 2,521.6 2,520.1 2,517.7 -2.4

Administrative and support and waste

management and remediation services. . . . . 9,607.8 9,517.1 9,668.7 9,672.3 9,573.1 9,620.9 9,637.8 9,638.2 0.4

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 9,128.0 9,027.3 9,174.8 9,172.8 9,095.1 9,126.7 9,142.0 9,141.6 -0.4

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 596.3 618.0 620.6 623.0 592.7 619.1 619.9 621.1 1.2

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.6 160.5 160.7 164.1 155.5 160.5 163.5 165.5 2.0

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,827.7 3,718.7 3,785.8 3,730.0 3,898.7 3,811.0 3,815.3 3,803.4 -11.9

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,066.2 2,954.5 3,013.1 2,957.0 3,118.3 3,021.1 3,024.1 3,011.5 -12.6

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788.3 758.4 754.0 748.2 800.2 762.3 759.5 758.5 -1.0

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.8 179.5 182.4 181.8 171.0 179.8 180.9 178.6 -2.3

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 947.8 977.0 979.2 979.9 950.0 977.2 979.9 982.9 3.0

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,304.3 2,274.9 2,347.7 2,398.6 2,192.8 2,273.5 2,278.1 2,285.3 7.2

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335.2 340.3 344.4 347.2 334.0 343.1 344.8 346.4 1.6

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479.8 489.8 493.9 499.5 478.0 494.2 495.8 496.6 0.8

Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . 24,081 25,271 25,248 25,089 24,277 25,149 25,229 25,302 73

Private educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,585.0 4,071.9 3,963.8 3,727.4 3,788.5 3,923.7 3,939.7 3,946.9 7.2

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,496.0 21,199.4 21,284.3 21,361.6 20,488.9 21,224.9 21,289.7 21,354.9 65.2

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,243.3 16,726.4 16,771.3 16,840.3 16,246.5 16,759.1 16,803.7 16,844.8 41.1

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 8,085.3 8,345.4 8,372.3 8,377.6 8,093.5 8,351.2 8,375.8 8,389.6 13.8

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,794.2 2,875.4 2,882.9 2,885.0 2,799.3 2,877.1 2,884.7 2,890.8 6.1

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,009.9 1,031.7 1,037.5 1,033.2 1,006.3 1,033.8 1,037.3 1,030.5 -6.8

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 1,076.9 1,125.3 1,131.0 1,132.9 1,080.8 1,126.8 1,132.2 1,137.2 5.0

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,028.6 1,057.7 1,056.1 1,058.6 1,030.5 1,059.3 1,059.3 1,062.0 2.7

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 322.5 325.3 322.5 321.0 322.3 323.1 322.5 321.7 -0.8

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,531.9 1,595.0 1,605.0 1,613.0 1,532.4 1,595.4 1,602.9 1,611.7 8.8

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321.3 335.0 337.3 333.9 321.9 335.6 336.9 335.8 -1.1

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,149.1 5,267.2 5,272.7 5,306.0 5,151.0 5,280.0 5,293.3 5,308.3 15.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

Change

from:

May2023 -

June2023p

Health care - Continued

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,008.9 3,113.8 3,126.3 3,156.7 3,002.0 3,127.9 3,134.6 3,146.9 12.3

Skilled nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,353.7 1,392.3 1,397.7 1,415.5 1,351.4 1,400.8 1,403.9 1,410.1 6.2

Residential intellectual and

developmental disability, mental

health, and substance abuse

facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605.5 625.1 630.2 636.0 604.6 627.3 630.7 634.7 4.0

Continuing care retirement

communities and assisted living

facilities for the elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897.9 942.1 943.1 948.5 894.8 944.1 943.9 946.0 2.1

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 151.8 154.3 155.3 156.7 151.3 155.7 156.1 156.1 0.0

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,252.7 4,473.0 4,513.0 4,521.3 4,242.4 4,465.8 4,486.0 4,510.1 24.1

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,820.8 2,978.1 3,001.2 3,019.6 2,814.5 2,977.6 2,993.1 3,011.4 18.3

Community food and housing, and

emergency and other relief services. . . . 201.5 213.9 215.1 217.3 202.1 213.6 215.7 217.4 1.7

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 271.9 278.4 279.1 283.4 268.8 279.8 279.3 280.1 0.8

Child care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958.5 1,002.6 1,017.6 1,001.0 956.9 994.7 997.9 1,001.3 3.4

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,501 16,362 16,775 17,273 15,774 16,529 16,555 16,576 21

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,579.2 2,374.4 2,501.5 2,741.0 2,293.6 2,437.8 2,438.6 2,454.2 15.6

Performing arts, spectator sports, and

related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541.4 545.9 561.7 558.1 507.3 524.5 527.9 524.2 -3.7

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.0 166.1 174.3 185.8 157.8 171.1 172.4 173.3 0.9

Amusement, gambling, and recreation

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,867.8 1,662.4 1,765.5 1,997.1 1,628.5 1,742.2 1,738.3 1,756.7 18.4

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,921.4 13,988.0 14,273.3 14,532.0 13,480.6 14,091.6 14,116.8 14,121.5 4.7

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,890.6 1,811.0 1,864.3 1,973.5 1,769.6 1,855.8 1,857.0 1,862.5 5.5

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 12,030.8 12,177.0 12,409.0 12,558.5 11,711.0 12,235.8 12,259.8 12,259.0 -0.8

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,770 5,829 5,872 5,952 5,691 5,843 5,855 5,872 17

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,404.8 1,437.8 1,450.1 1,459.5 1,392.1 1,438.2 1,443.8 1,446.3 2.5

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,491.6 1,532.1 1,546.0 1,564.7 1,468.4 1,530.8 1,532.4 1,540.9 8.5

Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional,

and similar organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,873.1 2,858.9 2,876.3 2,928.2 2,830.2 2,873.7 2,878.4 2,884.6 6.2

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,963 22,900 22,896 22,574 22,110 22,603 22,650 22,710 60

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,858 2,905 2,917 2,924 2,851 2,910 2,913 2,914 1

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,262.9 2,294.4 2,312.0 2,320.4 2,248.9 2,303.0 2,304.9 2,305.3 0.4

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594.6 610.7 604.8 603.6 601.8 606.7 608.0 608.8 0.8

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,850 5,343 5,222 5,003 5,090 5,202 5,215 5,242 27

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,187.5 2,658.3 2,530.8 2,284.5 2,442.2 2,516.6 2,523.7 2,543.1 19.4

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,662.4 2,684.4 2,691.3 2,718.6 2,647.4 2,685.5 2,690.9 2,699.0 8.1

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,255 14,652 14,757 14,647 14,169 14,491 14,522 14,554 32

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,688.5 8,168.3 8,188.3 7,870.2 7,782.5 7,927.4 7,943.1 7,960.4 17.3

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,566.6 6,483.8 6,568.3 6,776.7 6,386.7 6,563.4 6,578.9 6,593.1 14.2

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.6 34.4 34.3 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 39.9 39.8 39.8 39.9

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.5 45.5 45.7 45.6

Construction....................................................................... 38.7 38.9 38.8 39.0

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.3 40.1 40.1 40.1

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.8 40.6 40.6 40.7

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.7 39.4 39.3 39.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.5 33.3 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.1 33.9 33.9 33.9

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.8 38.9 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.0 29.9 29.9 29.9

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.5 37.9 37.9 38.0

Utilities........................................................................... 42.8 42.3 42.3 42.3

Information......................................................................... 36.8 36.3 36.1 36.3

Financial activities................................................................ 37.5 37.5 37.5 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.6 36.5 36.4 36.5

Private education and health services......................................... 33.5 33.4 33.4 33.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.8 25.4 25.3 25.4

Other services..................................................................... 32.2 32.3 32.3 32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.8

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

Total private............................................... $32.18 $33.34 $33.46 $33.58 $1,113.43 $1,146.90 $1,147.68 $1,155.15

Goods-producing....................................... 32.39 33.69 33.82 33.99 1,292.36 1,340.86 1,346.04 1,356.20

Mining and logging.................................. 35.93 37.74 38.12 38.08 1,670.75 1,717.17 1,742.08 1,736.45

Construction.......................................... 34.67 36.11 36.24 36.31 1,341.73 1,404.68 1,406.11 1,416.09

Manufacturing........................................ 30.88 32.04 32.15 32.38 1,244.46 1,284.80 1,289.22 1,298.44

Durable goods.................................... 32.47 33.56 33.73 33.87 1,324.78 1,362.54 1,369.44 1,378.51

Nondurable goods................................ 28.21 29.43 29.43 29.79 1,119.94 1,159.54 1,156.60 1,164.79

Private service-providing.............................. 32.13 33.26 33.38 33.48 1,076.36 1,107.56 1,111.55 1,114.88

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 27.64 28.83 28.86 28.96 942.52 977.34 978.35 981.74

Wholesale trade.................................. 35.02 36.61 36.65 36.85 1,362.28 1,420.47 1,425.69 1,433.47

Retail trade........................................ 22.90 23.83 23.81 23.85 687.00 712.52 711.92 713.12

Transportation and warehousing............... 27.70 28.86 28.98 29.07 1,066.45 1,093.79 1,098.34 1,104.66

Utilities............................................. 47.55 49.44 49.34 49.60 2,035.14 2,091.31 2,087.08 2,098.08

Information........................................... 46.37 47.63 48.16 47.84 1,706.42 1,728.97 1,738.58 1,736.59

Financial activities................................... 41.49 42.68 43.00 43.33 1,555.88 1,600.50 1,612.50 1,620.54

Professional and business services.............. 38.62 40.14 40.25 40.37 1,413.49 1,465.11 1,465.10 1,473.51

Private education and health services............ 31.86 32.75 32.83 32.92 1,067.31 1,093.85 1,096.52 1,099.53

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 20.08 21.04 21.13 21.21 518.06 534.42 534.59 538.73

Other services....................................... 28.67 29.56 29.70 29.75 923.17 954.79 959.31 960.93

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

Percent

change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

Percent

change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

Total private..................................... 113.2 114.9 114.8 115.3 0.4 174.1 183.2 183.7 185.1 0.8

Goods-producing............................. 96.3 97.6 97.7 98.1 0.4 140.9 148.6 149.4 150.7 0.9

Mining and logging........................ 88.7 91.5 92.3 92.0 -0.3 127.9 138.6 141.3 140.6 -0.5

Construction................................ 103.4 105.9 106.0 106.8 0.8 155.7 166.2 166.9 168.6 1.0

Manufacturing.............................. 92.9 93.7 93.7 93.7 0.0 133.5 139.6 140.0 141.1 0.8

Durable goods........................... 91.4 92.6 92.7 93.1 0.4 131.8 138.1 138.8 140.0 0.9

Nondurable goods...................... 96.4 96.0 95.6 94.9 -0.7 138.0 143.3 142.7 143.5 0.6

Private service-providing.................... 117.7 119.6 119.9 120.0 0.1 183.8 193.4 194.5 195.3 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 106.8 106.9 107.0 106.9 -0.1 159.2 166.1 166.6 167.0 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 102.4 103.5 103.8 103.8 0.0 150.0 158.5 159.2 159.9 0.4

Retail trade.............................. 94.4 94.5 94.6 94.6 0.0 143.0 148.9 149.0 149.1 0.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 147.9 146.3 146.7 146.9 0.1 208.4 214.9 216.3 217.3 0.5

Utilities.................................... 102.4 101.8 101.9 101.9 0.0 160.9 166.2 166.2 166.9 0.4

Information................................. 103.8 102.6 102.1 102.6 0.5 171.4 174.0 175.0 174.8 -0.1

Financial activities......................... 111.1 112.1 112.2 112.0 -0.2 179.8 186.5 188.2 189.3 0.6

Professional and business services..... 129.3 131.2 131.2 131.6 0.3 202.3 213.3 213.9 215.3 0.7

Private education and health services... 132.8 137.2 137.6 138.0 0.3 203.5 216.1 217.3 218.5 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 116.1 119.8 119.5 120.1 0.5 188.1 203.3 203.7 205.6 0.9

Other services............................. 105.7 108.8 109.0 109.4 0.4 166.0 176.3 177.5 178.3 0.5

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

Total nonfarm............................................. 75,857 77,547 77,731 77,898 49.8 49.8 49.8 49.9

Total private............................................ 62,990 64,357 64,503 64,621 48.3 48.4 48.4 48.4

Goods-producing.................................... 4,876 4,982 4,989 4,992 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.1

Mining and logging............................... 77 82 82 84 12.7 12.8 12.8 13.1

Construction....................................... 1,087 1,117 1,119 1,122 14.0 14.1 14.1 14.1

Manufacturing..................................... 3,712 3,783 3,788 3,786 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.1

Durable goods.................................. 1,968 2,022 2,026 2,027 24.7 24.9 25.0 25.0

Nondurable goods............................. 1,744 1,761 1,762 1,759 35.8 36.1 36.2 36.2

Private service-providing........................... 58,114 59,375 59,514 59,629 53.3 53.2 53.2 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,302 11,356 11,368 11,357 39.4 39.4 39.3 39.3

Wholesale trade................................ 1,826.0 1,862.6 1,858.1 1,856.0 30.6 30.8 30.7 30.7

Retail trade..................................... 7,531.5 7,517.1 7,529.3 7,522.5 48.7 48.4 48.4 48.4

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,804.6 1,830.6 1,834.6 1,831.8 27.0 27.2 27.2 27.2

Utilities........................................... 140.0 145.9 146.0 146.4 25.3 26.2 26.2 26.3

Information......................................... 1,235 1,255 1,255 1,255 40.0 40.5 40.5 40.5

Financial activities................................ 5,048 5,079 5,085 5,087 55.8 55.7 55.7 55.6

Professional and business services............ 10,429 10,569 10,600 10,615 46.2 46.0 46.0 46.0

Private education and health services......... 18,701 19,320 19,393 19,479 77.0 76.8 76.9 77.0

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,356 8,657 8,665 8,673 53.0 52.4 52.3 52.3

Other services..................................... 3,043 3,139 3,148 3,163 53.5 53.7 53.8 53.9

Government............................................. 12,867 13,190 13,228 13,277 58.2 58.4 58.4 58.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

Total private............................................................................... 106,194 108,313 108,508 108,650

Goods-producing....................................................................... 15,190 15,446 15,449 15,473

Mining and logging.................................................................. 458 483 490 492

Construction.......................................................................... 5,726 5,826 5,829 5,842

Manufacturing........................................................................ 9,006 9,137 9,130 9,139

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,513 5,620 5,619 5,631

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,493 3,517 3,511 3,508

Private service-providing.............................................................. 91,004 92,867 93,059 93,177

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 24,198 24,349 24,373 24,351

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,745.9 4,788.3 4,786.7 4,770.6

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,179.7 13,235.8 13,255.8 13,246.3

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 5,830.2 5,882.0 5,886.7 5,891.1

Utilities.............................................................................. 442.6 443.2 443.4 442.6

Information............................................................................ 2,457 2,472 2,474 2,472

Financial activities................................................................... 6,807 6,855 6,856 6,865

Professional and business services............................................... 18,075 18,229 18,259 18,278

Private education and health services............................................ 21,121 21,871 21,946 22,018

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,734 14,350 14,402 14,433

Other services........................................................................ 4,612 4,741 4,749 4,760

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.1 33.8 33.8 33.8

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.6 40.5 40.5 40.6

Mining and logging................................................................ 48.2 47.4 48.0 47.5

Construction....................................................................... 39.4 39.5 39.5 39.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.0 40.7 40.7 40.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.4 41.0 41.1 41.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.5 40.3 40.2 40.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.0 32.7 32.7 32.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.2 33.9 33.8 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.0 38.9 38.8 39.2

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.5 30.2 30.1 30.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 37.8 37.5 37.5 37.5

Utilities........................................................................... 43.0 42.6 42.6 42.3

Information......................................................................... 36.4 35.9 35.6 35.5

Financial activities................................................................ 37.4 37.1 37.2 37.1

Professional and business services............................................ 36.3 36.3 36.3 36.3

Private education and health services......................................... 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.6

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.6 24.2 24.2 24.2

Other services..................................................................... 31.2 31.2 31.3 31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.7

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.9

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.4

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

Total private............................................... $27.53 $28.61 $28.72 $28.83 $938.77 $967.02 $970.74 $974.45

Goods-producing....................................... 27.92 29.23 29.33 29.55 1,133.55 1,183.82 1,187.87 1,199.73

Mining and logging.................................. 32.63 34.06 34.30 34.45 1,572.77 1,614.44 1,646.40 1,636.38

Construction.......................................... 32.26 33.90 33.99 34.09 1,271.04 1,339.05 1,342.61 1,353.37

Manufacturing........................................ 25.00 26.04 26.14 26.41 1,025.00 1,059.83 1,063.90 1,074.89

Durable goods.................................... 26.19 27.22 27.32 27.58 1,084.27 1,116.02 1,122.85 1,136.30

Nondurable goods................................ 23.08 24.12 24.21 24.47 934.74 972.04 973.24 978.80

Private service-providing.............................. 27.44 28.49 28.59 28.69 905.52 931.62 934.89 938.16

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 23.93 25.03 25.10 25.17 818.41 848.52 848.38 855.78

Wholesale trade.................................. 29.13 30.24 30.32 30.49 1,136.07 1,176.34 1,176.42 1,195.21

Retail trade........................................ 19.54 20.37 20.40 20.48 595.97 615.17 614.04 620.54

Transportation and warehousing............... 25.98 27.45 27.57 27.55 982.04 1,029.38 1,033.88 1,033.13

Utilities............................................. 42.21 44.17 44.30 44.40 1,815.03 1,881.64 1,887.18 1,878.12

Information........................................... 37.75 39.25 39.49 39.46 1,374.10 1,409.08 1,405.84 1,400.83

Financial activities................................... 32.30 33.37 33.59 33.82 1,208.02 1,238.03 1,249.55 1,254.72

Professional and business services.............. 32.49 33.95 34.05 34.14 1,179.39 1,232.39 1,236.02 1,239.28

Private education and health services............ 28.97 29.83 29.92 30.04 947.32 972.46 975.39 979.30

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 17.85 18.54 18.68 18.77 439.11 448.67 452.06 454.23

Other services....................................... 24.82 25.34 25.47 25.59 774.38 790.61 797.21 800.97

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

Percent

change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

June

2022

Apr.

2023

May

2023p

June

2023p

Percent

change

from:

May

2023 -

June

2023p

Total private..................................... 120.7 122.0 122.2 122.4 0.2 222.0 233.3 234.6 235.8 0.5

Goods-producing............................. 94.2 95.6 95.6 96.0 0.4 161.1 171.1 171.7 173.7 1.2

Mining and logging........................ 117.3 121.7 125.0 124.2 -0.6 222.6 241.0 249.3 248.8 -0.2

Construction................................ 113.0 115.2 115.3 116.1 0.7 196.8 210.9 211.6 213.8 1.0

Manufacturing.............................. 84.8 85.4 85.3 85.4 0.1 138.6 145.4 145.8 147.5 1.2

Durable goods........................... 85.7 86.6 86.8 87.2 0.5 140.2 147.1 148.0 150.1 1.4

Nondurable goods...................... 83.4 83.5 83.2 82.7 -0.6 135.9 142.3 142.3 143.0 0.5

Private service-providing.................... 128.0 129.4 129.7 129.8 0.1 240.8 252.8 254.3 255.5 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 115.8 115.5 115.3 115.9 0.5 198.1 206.7 206.9 208.5 0.8

Wholesale trade......................... 109.8 110.5 110.2 111.0 0.7 188.9 197.3 197.2 199.7 1.3

Retail trade.............................. 101.9 101.3 101.2 101.8 0.6 170.8 177.0 177.0 178.7 1.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 166.8 166.9 167.1 167.2 0.1 275.8 291.7 293.2 293.2 0.0

Utilities.................................... 97.3 96.6 96.6 95.7 -0.9 171.5 178.0 178.6 177.4 -0.7

Information................................. 102.1 101.3 100.5 100.2 -0.3 190.8 196.8 196.5 195.7 -0.4

Financial activities......................... 119.8 119.7 120.0 119.9 -0.1 238.1 245.7 248.1 249.4 0.5

Professional and business services..... 146.5 147.7 148.0 148.1 0.1 283.0 298.3 299.7 300.8 0.4

Private education and health services... 147.3 152.0 152.5 153.0 0.3 281.6 299.3 301.2 303.4 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 123.8 127.2 127.7 127.9 0.2 250.9 267.8 270.8 272.7 0.7

Other services............................. 100.9 103.7 104.2 104.5 0.3 182.5 191.5 193.5 194.8 0.7

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.