14

Table 8. BENEFITS (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for benefits only, civilian, State and local, and
private Industry workers, by Industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec, 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993

Civilian workers. 127.4 128.1 og 1.0 05 53 49 46
State and local govemment workers ... 126.2 127.0 9 1.4 & 54 3.2 29
Private industry workers ... 122.2 127.7 128.3 & 8 5 5.2 5.4 5.0

Workers, by occupational group

White-collar occupations 122.0 126.8 1276 8 7 6 48 48 46
Blue-collar occupations . 122.2 128.4 128.9 8 9 4 5.6 59 5.5
Service occupations ... 124.6 190.5 131.5 7 9 8 5.8 55 5.5
Workers, by industry division
Goods-producing industries 1 123.4 130.0 130.3 9 8 2 5.7 63 56
Service-producing industries 2 121.2 125.7 126.7 7 9 8 48 44 45
Manufacturing . 122.6 129.7 130.0 9 c) 2 56 67 6.0
Nonmanutacturing 122.0 126.5 127.4 8 8 7 5.0 45 44
Workers, by bargaining status
122.5 129.7 130.6 7 9 7 63 66 66
122.1 126.9 127.4 ) 8 4 47 49 43
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. NOTE: The indexes for these series are not sticty comparable to those for the

2 Includes transportation, public utlibes, trade, finance, insurance, real estate, ‘aggregate, occupation, and indusuy series. See explanatory note.
services, and, where applicable, public administration in State and local governments.


» Table 1. SEASONALLY ADJUSTED: Employment

industry and occupational group — Continued

5

Cost Index for total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefit costs, by

Indexes (June Percent chan
” ges for 3-months ended
Series 1989=100) "
Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1992 | June 1992 Sep. 1992 | Dec. 1992 | Mar. 1993 | June 1993 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993

WAGES AND SALARIES
Services ..... 118.7 119.6 08 qt 06 1.0 07 09 07 0.8
Nonmanufacturing industries ...) 115.3 116.1 7 5 4 8 6 7 1.0 7

BENEFIT COSTS
Civilian workers 127.3 128.6 1.2 1.2 15 1.3 1.3 13 0.9 1.0
State and local government 125.8 126.8 V1 15 15 Ww 6 1.0 4 8
Private industry workers 127.7 129.1 1.2 Ww 1.5 1.3 15 14 1.0 14
White-collar occupations 126.8 128.1 9 1.0 1.5 1.2 15 Ww 9 1.0
Blue-collar occupations 128.3 129.7 17 1.0 13 16 17 15 1.0 Ww
Service occupations ... 130.5 132.0 1.3 1.5 18 11 18 1.3 11 WW
Goods-producing industries 1 130.0 131.3 14 V1 1.6 1.6 19 16 1.0 1.0
Manufacturing 129.7 131.1 13 1.0 1.4 1.8 19 18 WA Vw
Service-producing industries 2 125.7 127.2 Wt WW 1.4 11 1.2 WW 1.0 1.2
Nonmanutacturing industries ....} 126.5 127.9 1.0 Ww 15 1.2 Wd V1 1.0 141
; Includes mining, construction, and manutacturing. seryices.

Includes transportation, public utilities, trade, finance, insurance, real estate, and

No identifiable seasonality was found for this series


Table 5. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

10

and State and local government workers, by industry and occupational group

}): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, civilian

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended. 12 months ended
Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
Civilian workers... 113.6 116.4 NI71 05 1.0 06 27 3.0 3.1
Excluding sales 113.9 116.6 117.2 6 1.0 5 28 3.0 29
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations. 114.5, 117.4 118.4 7 1.2 6 29 33 34
115.1 118.0 118.7 6 1.0 6 29 3.1 34
116.7 119.5 120.0 & 1.3 “4 3.3 3.0 28
Executive, administrative, and
managerial ... 113.5 116.5 117.3 & 9 7 18 3.3 3.3
Administrative support, including
clerical .. 114.2 N71 118.0 7 9 8 3.3 3.3 3.3
Blue-collar occupations 111.9 114.4 115.0 5 3 5 28 28 28
Service occupations 113.8 116.1 116.6 4 8 4 22 24 2s
Workers, by industry division
Goods-producing 1 112.9 115.4 116.2 6 7 7 29 29 29
Manufacturing .. 113.7 116.3 117.3 7 7 a) 3.4 3.0 3.2
Service-producing 2 . 114.0 116.8 117.5, & 11 6 27 31 34
Services 116.7 119.5 120.0 7 1.4 4 3.3 3.1 28
Health services 118.6 121.4 122.2 8 a) 7 36 34 3.0
Hospitals .. 118.0 120.7 121.7 8 1.0 8 3.2 3. 3.1
Educational services 117.5 120.4 120.7 5 2.0 2 34 3.0 27
Public administration 113.6 115.9 116.6 4 9 6 24 25 26
Nonmanufacturing .... 113.6 116.4 117.0 5 Ww 5 26 3.0 3.0
State and local goverment workers .... 116.6 119.3 119.7 6 1.6 3 3.0 29 27
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations .. 116.9 119.6 119.9 6 17 3 3.0 29 26
Professional specialty and technical 117.6 120.4 120.7 5 1.9 2 3.0 29 26
Executive, administrative, and
managerial .... 115.5 118.2 118.8 7 1.4 5 28 34 29
Administrative support, including
clerical ... 114.9 117.2 117.8 7 Ww 5 28 27 25
Blue-collar occupations 115.6 118.4 119.0 5 1.6 5 36 3.0 29
Workers, by industry division
Services . 117.5 120.3 120.6 5 1.8 2 3.0 29 26
Excluding schools 117.4 120.1 120.4 9 1.2 2 28 3.2 26
Health services 117.4 120.4 121.0 6 1.3 5 3.0 3.2 34
Hospitals .... V7.4 119.9 120.7 5 14 7 26 29 34
Educational services 117.6 120.3 120.6 6 1.9 2 34 29 26
Schools ... 117.5 120.3 120.7 4 1.9 3 31 28 27
Elementary and secondar 118.5 121.4 121.6 5 1.9 4 3.3 27 26
Colleges and universities 114.3 117.8 117.7 2 1.9 oa 21 3.2 3.0
Public administration ..... 113.6 115.9 116.6 4 9 6 24 25 26
3, includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. seryices, and, where applicable, public administration in State and local govemments.
Includes transponation, public utilities, trade, finance, insurance, real estate, Formerly called "Hospitals and other services.’


+ Table 3. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONAI

workers, by industry and occupational group

7

LLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 } Dec. 1993
Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Dec. 1992 Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
Private industry workers 115.6 119.1 119.8 07 0.9 06 35 3.7 3.6
Excluding sales . 115.9 119.5 120.2 7 8 6 35 3.8 3.7
White-collar occupations 115.9 119.4 120.2 7 9 7 3.3 3.7 3.7
Excluding sales .. 116.6 120.2 121.0 7 8 7 35 3.8 3.8
Professional specialty and technical .. 119.0 122.2 122.9 8 7 6 45 3.6 3.3
Executive, administrative, and
114.5 118.1 118.9 5 8 7 2.0 37 38
112.6 115.6 116.5 7 16 8 27 3.4 3.5
ive support, including clerical 116.4 120.3 121.2 8 a) 7 40 42 41
Blue-collar occupations 115.0 118.7 119.3 6 8 5 36 38 3.7
Precision production, craft, and repair 115.0 118.7 118.9 & a) 2 3.6 38 3.4
Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors 115.8 120.0 120.8 7 8 7 38 43 43
Transportation and mi 113.0 115.9 117.0 4 & 9 37 3.0 35
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers .... 115.3. 118.4 119.1 & 7 & 35 3.3 3.3
Service occupations ... 115.9 118.9 119.5 4 8 5 31 3.0 34
Production and nonsupervisory
‘occupations ! ..... 115.5 119.0 119.7 & 9 & 3.6 3.7 3.6
Goods-producing industries 2 . 116.1 119.9 120.6 7 7 6 38 40 39
Excluding sales occupations 115.9 119.6 120.1 6 7 4 3.7 38 36
White-collar occupations... 116.7 120.5 121.1 1.0 8 5 3.9 43 3.8
Excluding sales 116.2 119.7 119.9 1.0 6 2 36 40 3.2
Blue-collar occupations 115.8 119.6 120.2 6 8 5 38 3.9 38
Service occupations .. V7.5 121.5 122.4 5 7 7 48 39 42
Construction 113.8 116.8 116.5 & 7 ~3 35 3.3 24
Manufacturing ... 116.5, 120.6 121.3 7 8 & 38 42 41
White-collar occupations 116.6 120.5 121.3 1.0 7 7 37 43 4.0
Excluding sales ...... 115.9 119.5 119.9 8 & 3 3.3 3.9 35
Blue-collar occupations 116.4 120.5 121.3 6 8 7 39 41 42
Service occupations 117.6 121.7 122.7 5 8 8 49 40 43
Durables . 116.7 121.0 121.9 8 8 7 41 45 45
Nondurables 116.3 119.7 120.3 8 & 5 3.6 3.7 3.4
Service-producing industries 3 115.2 118.5 119.3 7 1.0 7 3.2 36 3.6
Excluding sales occupations . 115.9 119.3 120.2 7 8 8 3.4 3.6 3.7
White-collar occupations 115.7 119.0 119.8 7 1.0 7 3.2 36 35
Excluding sales ..... 116.8 120.4 121.4 6 9 8 3.4 37 39
Blue-collar occupations 113.2 116.6 117.2 7 1.0 5 3.6 37 3.5
Service occupations 115.7 118.6 119.1 4 & 4 28 3.0 29
Transportation and public utilities 113.5 116.8 117.5 5 7 6 35 3.5 3.5
‘Transportation 111.8 114.8 115.7 a 6 8 29 28 3.5
Public utilities 115.6 119.2 119.9 1.0 8 6 40 42 37
Communications 114.7 118.5 119.2 11 a) 6 3.6 45 3.9
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 116.7 120.2 120.8 7 7 5 45 37 3.5
Wholesale and retail trade ... 113.7 116.4 117.4 6 4 6 27 3.0 3.0
Excluding sales occupations . 114.1 117.0 118.0 5 7 a) 3.0 3.4 34

See footnotes at end of table.


6

Table 2. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, civilian and State and’
local government workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
Dec. 1992] Sep. 1993 } Dec. 1993 | Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
Civilian workers... 116.1 119.5 120.2 06 1.0 06 3.5 3.6 3.5
Excluding sales 116.4 119.8 120.5 6 9 a) 3.6 3.5 3.5
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations 116.6 119.9 120.6 7 Vt 6 3.4 3.5 3.4
Excluding sales 117.2 120.5 121.2 7 1.0 & 3.5 35 3.4
Professional specialty and techni 119.1 122.0 122.5 8 1.2 4 41 3.2 29
Executive, administrative, and
managerial .. 115.0 118.6 119.4 & 9 7 22 38 38
Administrative support, including
clerical .... 116.8 120.4 121.3 8 a) 7 4) 39 3.9
Blue-collar occupations .. 115.2 118.8 119.4 7 8 5 3.7 38 36
Service occupations 116.7 119.9 120.5 4 1.0 5 3.2 3.2 33
Workers, by industry division
Goods-producing 1 .. 116.2 120.0 120.6 8 8 5 3.8 41 38
Manufacturing .... 116.5 120.6 121.3 7 8 & 38 42 41
Service-producing 2 116.2 119.3 120.0 7 Ww 6 3.4 3.4 3.3
Services .. 119.2 122.2 122.9 8 1.3 6 40 34 34
Health services 121.3 124.4 125.4 9 1.0 8 45 35 3.4
Hospitals 121.0 123.9 125.0 1.0 VW 9 44 34 3.3
Educational 119.7 122.6 122.9 7 2.0 2 3.7 31 27
Public administration 116.3 119.3 120.0 A Ww & 3.3 3.0 3.2
Nonmanutacturing ... 116.0 119.2 119.8 & Wd 5 3.3 3.4 3.3
State and local govemment workers 118.6 121.4 121.9 6 15 4 3.7 3.0 28
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations .... 118.9 121.5 121.9 7 1.6 3 38 29 25
Professional specialty and technical 119.2 121.7 122.0 & 1.7 2 37 27 2.3
Executive, administrative, and
managerial .. 117.8 121.0 121.6 9 1.5 5 36 3.6 3.2
Administrative support, including
derical ..... 118.5 121.0 121.6 9 1.2 5 39 3.0 26
Blue-collar occupat 117.8 120.5 121.4 8 1.5 7 43 3.1 34
Workers, by industry division
i 119.6 122.2 122.6 7 V7 3 3.7 29 25
Excluding schools 3 118.6 121.4 121.9 9 1.2 4 3.7 3.3 28
Health service: 119.4 122.2 123.1 7 1.2 7 3.9 3.0 34
Hospitals ... 119.4 122.0 123.3 7 1.3 11 3.6 29 3.3
Educational services .. 119.7 122.3 122.7 7 1.8 3 3.8 29 25
119.9 122.5 122.9 6 1.8 3 3.7 28 25
ry 120.7 123.0 123.6 7 1.8 5 3.9 26 24
Colleges and universities .. 117.2 120.8 120.7 3 1.9 aa 33 33 3.0
Public administration .. 116.3 119.3 120.0 A Vw & 33 3.0 3.2
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. seryices, and, where applicable, public administration in State and local govemments..

includes transportation, public utilities, trade, finance, insurance, real estate, Formerly called ‘Hospitals and other services.’


Table 4. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED)

9

workers, by bargaining status, region, and area size

): Employment Cost index for total compensation, private industry

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec. 1992 | Sap. 1993 | Dec. 1993
Dec. 1992] Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Dec. 1992 Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
Workers, by bargaining status
Union ..... 115.9 120.0 120.9 06 08 08 43 42 43
Blue-collar occupations 115.5 119.7 120.6 6 8 8 43 43 44
Goods-producing industries 1 116.4 121.0 121.9 6 8 7 46 46 47
Service-producing industries 2 115.2 118.6 119.6 5 8 8 3.9 35 38
Manufacturing 116.9 121.9 123.0 7 7 9 47 5.0 5.2
Blue-collar occupations 116.8 121.8 122.9 7 7 9 47 5.0 5.2
Nonmanufacturing ..... 115.1 118.5 119.3 5 9 7 41 35 36
Nonunion .. 115.5 118.8 119.5, 7 3 & 3.2 3.6 35
Blue-collar occupations 114.6 117.8 118.2 & 8 3 34 3.4 34
Goods-producing industries 1 116.0 119.4 119.9 8 7 4 3.4 3.7 3.4
‘Service-producing industries 115.2 118.4 119.2 7 1.0 7 3.0 35 35
Manufacturing 116.4 120.0 120.6 8 8 5 36 39 3.6
Blue-collar occupations 116.2 119.4 119.9 & 8 4 3.3 3.4 3.2
Nonmanufacturing .... 118.1 118.3 119.0 7 a) 6 3.0 35 34
Workers, by region 3
Northeast 116.4 120.2 120.7 8 9 4 35 41 37
South 114.8 118.1 118.8 6 3 6 3.2 3.5 35
Midwest 116.1 120.1 121.2 7 7 a) 35 42 44
West ... 114.9 117.8 118.1 7 1.2 3 36 3.2 28
Workers, by area size
Metropolitan areas 115.6 119.4 119.8 7 8 6 3.4 3.7 3.6
Other areas .. 115.6 118.7 119.7 7 B&B 8 40 3.4 35

2 Includes mining, construction, and manutacturing.

Includes transportation, public utilities,

seryices,
7 ftegional coverage is as
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey,

trade, finance, insurance, real estate,

‘and, where applicable, public administration in State and local governments.
follows:

Northeast--Connecticut, Maine,
New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Istand,

and Vermont;South~Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South

Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia,

. and West Virginia; Midwest—tilinois, Indiana,

fowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South
Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West-Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii,

idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico,
NOTE: The indexes for these serie:
aggregate, occupation, and industry se

Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming
'$ are Not strictly comparable to those for the
ries. See explanatory note.


, United States Zi
Department >
of Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212

Technical, historical contact: USDL: 94-37
Wayne Shelly 202/606-6199
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN
Media contact: THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
Kathryn Hoyle 202/606-5902 8:30 A.M. (EST), TUESDAY, JANUARY 25, 1994

EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX -- DECEMBER 1993

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) increased 0.6 percent before seasonal adjustment in the 3 months
ended in December 1993, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The
December 1993 ECT level of 120.2 June 1989=100) was 3.5 percent higher than in December 1992. The ECI
measures changes in compensation costs, including wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

Quarterly changes, seasonally adjusted

On a seasonally adjusted basis, ECI compensation costs rose 0.8 percent in the September-December
1993 period, the same as in the June-September 1993 period. (See box below.) ECI wages and salaries rose
0.7 percent in the September-December 1993 period, about the same as the 0.8 percent increase for the June-
September 1993 period and in line with the quarterly increases for the last 2 years. Benefit costs rose 1.0

percent, about the same as the 0.9 percent increase for the June-September 1993 quarter, but lower than the
quarterly increases over the last several years. (See tables A and 1.)

Table A. Percent changes in Employment Cost Index for civilian workers

Seasonally adjusted Unadjusted
Compensation 3-months ended 12-months
component 1992 | 1993 ended
Mar, | June _| Sep. | Dec Mar. | June_i Sep. | Dec. Dec, 1993
Compensation costs..... 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8) 1.0 09} 09 | 08 | 08 3.5
Wages and salaries... 0.8 | 06 | 04} 08 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 3.1
Benefits...........s0se0 12} 1.2 | 15] 13 13] 13 | 09 | 10 4.6

This release includes annual revisions in seasonally adjusted Employment Cost Indexes for
compensation costs, wages and salaries, and benefit costs. Seasonally adjusted indexes for
1989-93 were revised to reflect updated seasonal factors and are available upon request. The
seasonal factors for 1994 will be published in the March 1994 issue of the BLS periodical,

Compensation and Working Conditions.



12

Table 6. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private
industry workers, by industry and occupational group — Continued

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Dec. 1992 Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
Wholesale trade ...... 113.5 115.1 116.4 14 0.0 Ww 29 29 26
Excluding sales occupations 114.1 116.3 117.5 7 7 1.0 3.3 26 3.0
Retail trade . 111.8 114.5 115.0 4 & 4 24 29 29
111.8 114.5 115.0 A 1.0 4 Wd 25 29
113.7 114.9 115.9 7 “4 x) 3.0 18 1.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate 108.3 112.3 112.9 a 27 5 aa 3.8 42
Excluding sales occupations ... 110.2 114.0 114.6 3 8 5 +2 3.7 40
Banking, savings and loan, and other

credit agencies 109.0 113.7 114.5, 4 7 7 25 47 5.0
Insurance .. 112.7 113.9 116.6 oO 9 24 38 Bl 35
Excluding sales occupations 114.9 118.3 119.2 1.0 & 8 40 40 3.7
Services . 116.1 118.9 119.6 8 WW 6 35 3.2 3.0
Business services 113.9 115.3 115.7 5 & 3 35 18 1.6
Health services 118.9 121.7 122.6 8 8 7 3.8 3.2 3.1
Hospitals. 118.3 121.0 122.0 9 9 8 3.4 3.2 34
Nursing homes .. - - - 9 9 8 - 38 3.7
Educational servi V7.4 120.7 120.9 5 28 2 3.0 36 3.2
Colleges and universities . 117.6 121.3 121.6 3 34 2 3.0 34 3.4
Nonmanufacturing industries 112.6 115.4 116.0 6 1 5 26 34 3.0
White-collar occupations 113.5 116.4 117.2 & 1.0 7 26 3.2 3.3
Excluding sales ... 114.6 117.6 118.5, & a 8 28 3.2 3.4
Blue-collar occupations 110.2 113.0 113.4 5 1.0 4 25 3.0 29
Service occupations .. 112.9 114.8 115.1 3 & 3 2.0 2.0 19

" This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly 3 includes transportation, public utilities, trade, finance, insurance, real estate,

Eargings Index, which was discontinued in January 1989 Services, and, where applicable, public administration in State and local governments,

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. ~ Data not available.


Table 6. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED):

Industry workers, by Industry and occupational group

ll

: Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private

indexes (June 1989=100) Percant changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dac. 1993 | Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
Private industry workers 112.9 115.7 116.4 0.6 1.0 06 26 3.1 34
Excluding sales . 113.2 115.9 116.6 & 8 6 27 3.0 3.0
White-collar occupations... 113.7 116.7 117.5 7 1.0 7 27 3.4 3.3
Excluding sales .. 114.4 117.4 118.2 & 9 7 28 3.3 3.3
Professional specialty an 116.0 118.9 119.5 6 8 5 36 34 3.0
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 113.2 116.2 117.0 6 8 7 16 3.3 3.4
Sales . 110.7 113.8 114.7 x) 2.0 8 26 3.7 3.6
Administrative support, including clerical 114.0 117.1 118.0 7 9 8 3.3 3.4 3.5
Blue-collar occupations .... 111.6 114.1 114.8 5 8 6 26 27 29
Precision production, craft, and repai 145 14.2 114.7 5 ) 4 29 29 29
Machine operators, assemblers,
112.4 114.7 115.6 6 8 8 24 27 28
109.7 111.7 112.6 4 A 8 28 22 26
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers ... 112.6 114.9 115.7 4 5 7 25 25 28
Service occupations. . 112.9 114.9 115.3 4 7 3 at at 2a
Production and nonsupervisory
‘occupations 1 112.6 115.3 115.9 5 1.0 5 27 29 29
Goods-producing industries 2 112.8 115.3 116.1 6 7 7 28 29 29
Excluding sales occupations 112.6 114.9 115.6 5 & 6 26 26 27
White-collar occupations 114.2 117.3 118.2 3 8 8 3.4 3.6 3.5
Excluding sales ... 113.7 116.4 116.8 7 7 3 29 34 27
Blue-collar occupations 111.9 114.1 114.9 4 6 7 25 24 27
Service occupations 113.1 115.7 116.9 8 WA 1.0 3.4 34 3.4
Construction .... 108.9 111.3 114041 2 8 2 20 24 2.0
Manufacturing ..... 113.7 116.3 117.3 7 7 9 3.4 3.0 3.2
White-collar occupations 114.6 V7.7 118.8 9 7 2 35 3.6 37
Excluding sales .... 114.0 116.7 117.2 9 7 4 3.0 33 28
Blue-collar occupations 113.1 115.2 116.2 6 6 a 28 25 27
Service occupations 113.4 116.0 117.3 1.0 1.3 Wd 3.8 3.3 3.4
113.4 115.9 117.2 6 7 V1 29 28 34
114.3 116.9 V7.5, 1.0 5 5 3.3 33 28
Service-producing industries 3 113.0 115.9 116.6 & 1.0 6 25 3.2 3.2
Excluding sales occupations 113.7 116.6 117.4 6 9 7 27 3.2 3.3
White-collar occupations 113.6 116.5 117.3 7 Wt 7 26 33 33
Excluding sales . 114.7 117.8 118.7 6 9 8 28 3.3 35
Blue-collar occupations 111.0 114.1 114.6 & 14 4 3.0 3.4 3.2
Service occupations 112.9 114.9 115.2 3 7 3 2.0 2.0 2.0
‘Transportation and public utilities 111.8 114.7 115.4 5 6 6 3.1 3.1 3.2
Transportation 109.9 112.6 113.4 A 5 7 27 26 3.2
Public utilities 114.1 117.2 117.9 1.0 7 6 3.7 37 33
Communications 113.5, 116.5 V7.4 1.2 8 5 3.6 38 3.2
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 114.8 118.2 118.8 5 7 5 3.9 3.5 35
Wholesale and retail trade .. 112.3 114.7 115.4 7 4 6 25 29 28
Excluding sales occupations 112.6 115.2 116.1 4 7 8 27 28 3.1

‘See foomotes at end of table.


8

Table 3. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry
workers, by industry and occupational group — Continued

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 } Dec. 1993 | Dec. 1992 Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
114.4 116.6 117.8 1 02 1.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
114.9 117.6 118.7 7 7 a) 33 31 33
113.4 116.2 116.8 4 5 5 26 29 3.0
113.3 115.5 116.3 0 7 7 2.0 19 26
115.1 NIZA 118.3 8 “A 1.0 3.0 25 28
Finance, insurance, and real estate 111.3 115.7 116.4 2 23 6 1.2 41 46
Excluding sales occupations .... 113.0 117.5 118.2 4 ec) 6 14 44 46
Banking, savings and loan, and other

credit agencies 111.4 116.9 117.8 4 8 8B 37 5.3 5.7
Insurance .. 115.2 117.4 119.7 3 Ww 2.0 41 2.2 39
Excluding 117.2 121.8 122.7 9 1.0 7 42 49 47
Services .. 118.9 122.3 123.1 9 1.2 7 43 38 35
Business services 115.9 118.1 118.6 & 6 4 43 25 2.3
Health services 121.8 125.0 126.0 1.0 8&8 8 45 36 34
Hospitals .. 121.6 124.5 125.6 1.2 9 9 47 3.6 33
Nursing homes - - - 9 8 9 - 3.9 3.9
Educational services 120.0 123.8 124.1 6 27 2 37 38 34
Colleges and universitie: 120.8 125.0 125.3 4 29 2 39 3.9 37
Nonmanufacturing industries 115.1 118.4 119.0 6 1.0 5 3.2 35 34
White-collar occupations 115.7 119.0 119.9 7 3 8 3.2 3.6 3.6
Excluding sales 116.9 120.4 121.4 8 8 8 35 3.8 3.8
Blue-collar occupations .. 113.4 116.6 VI7.4 5 a) 4 33 34 3.3
Service occupations 115.7 118.6 119.1 4 8 4 28 3.0 29

This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly 3 indudes transportation, public utilities, trade, finance, insurance, real estate,

Earpings Index, which was discontinued in January 1989 ‘services, and, where applicable, public administration in State and local govemments.

Includes mining, construction, and manutacturing. ~ Data not available.


4

Table 1. SEASONALLY ADJUSTED: Employment Cost Index for total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefit costs, by
industry and occupational group

Indexes (June Percent chan
_ ges for 3-months ended
Series 1989=100)
Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1992 | June 1992 | Sep. 1992 | Dec. 1992 | Mar. 1993 | June 1993 Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
COMPENSATION

Civilian workers... 119.2 120.2 08 08 08 1.0 09 0.9 08 08
State and local government ........ 120.8 121.6 8 Ww 8 9 7 8 5 7
Private industry workers 118.9 119.9 9 8 8 9 1.0 9 8 8

White-collar occupations 119.4 120.4 8 7 8 1.0 1.0 9g 9 8
Blue-collar occupations 118.6 119.6 1.0 8 9 a 1.0 9 9 8
Service occupations ... 118.8 119.6 9 6 1.0 & 1.0 8 6 7
Goods-producing industries 1 119.8 120.7 AB) 7 1.0 1.0 1.2 9 8 8
Construction .. 116.6 116.7 5 8 1.2 1.0 9 8 & a
Manufacturing 120.6 121.7 11 a) 9 1.0 1.2 Wt 8 9
Durables .. 121.1 122.4 11 9 1.0 1.0 1.3 WwW 1.0 11
Nondurables 119.8 120.6 Ww 7 9 1.0 e) 9 8 7
Service-producing industries 2 118.3 119.4 8 7 7 a) 8 9 9 zs)
Transportation and public

116.7 117.8 1.0 5 1.0 a) 3 9 8&8 9
116.7 118.0 1.2 5 A 11 & 7 5 Bl
116.1 117.0 2 7 8 8&8 1.0 5 7 8

Finance, insurance, and real
estate 3 115.7 16.4 15 78 3 2 1.2 4 23 &
Services ... 122.2 123.1 1.0 12 9 VW 9 9 a) 7
Nonmanufacturing industries ...}. 118.3 119.2 8 8 7 9 8 9 9 8

WAGES AND SALARIES.

Civilian workers .... 116.2 117.0 08 06 0.4 08 08 07 08 0.7
‘State and local government ... 118.8 119.5 6 1.0 4 a 7 8 6 6
Private industry workers 115.6 1165 7 & 4 8 8 6 9 8

White-collar occupations 116.6 117.6 8 5 4 9 8 7 1.0 e)
Blue-collar occupations 3 114.1 114.8 8 6 6 5 8 6 8 6
Service occupations .... 114.8 115.3 7 4 & 4 & 5 5 4
Goods-producing industries 1.3 115.3 116.1 a 6 6 & x) & 7 7
Construction Wd 111.2 5 4 & 5 & 5 7 A
Manufacturing 116.3 117.3 11 6 6 7 9 7 7 9
Durables 3 115.9 117.2 9 5 8 6 9 6 7 Al
Nondurables 117.0 117.7 & 3 5 Vd 8 7 7 6
Service-producing industries 2 | 115.8 116.7 7 5 4 9 7 7 1.0 8
Transportation and public
utilities 114.7 115.6 7 7 5 8 8 9 7 8
Wholesale 115.2 116.4 11 5 62 1.3 5 & 3 1.0
Retail trade .. 114.3 115.2 2 6 7 8 8 5 7 8
Finance, insurance, and real
estate 3... 112.3 112.9 1.0 1.2 0 a 3 0 27 5

See footnotes at end of table.


15

Table 9. AEROSPACE (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for workers In aerospace manufacturing, by
industry and occupation

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Dec. 1992 Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993

COMPENSATION
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) .. 122.9 126.7 125.2 23 18 1.2 7A 55 19
White-collar occupations 119.0 123.2 121.8 17 1.7 Ad 63 5.3 24
Blue-collar occupations . 128.2 131.5 129.8 3.2 1.8 1.3 79 5.9 1.2

WAGES AND SALARIES

Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 117.2 120.5 121.6 1.0 1.4 09 41 39 3.8
White-collar occupations 113.1 116.7 117.3 8 1.3 5 3.9 4.0 3.7
Blue-collar occupations 123.3 126.1 127.9 1.5 1.6 1.4 45 38 37

BENEFIT COSTS
Aircraft manutacturing (SIC 3721 135.1 140.1 133.1 48 23 6.0 12.9 87 15
White-collar occupations 133.0 138.7 132.5 36 24 45 11.6 8.0 a4
Blue-collar occupations 137.7 141.9 133.5, 63 21 5.9 14.4 9.6 34

NOTE: SIC refers to the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification ‘System code as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.


17

comparable to those for the aggregate, industry, and occupation series. A fuller explanation of the
calculation of index numbers appears in an article, “Estimation procedures for the Employment
Cost Index," in the May 1982 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

Beginning with the March 1990 ECI release, indexes were rebased to June 1989=100. A
description of the rebasing is included in the article "Employment Cost Index Rebased to June
1989," in the April 1990 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

Beginning with the December 1990 ECI release, seasonally adjusted data are available for
selected ECI series. Seasonal adjustment removes the effects of events that follow a more or less
regular pattern each year. These adjustments make nonseasonal patterns easier to spot. ECI series
are seasonally adjusted using either direct or composite seasonally adjusted estimates. Industry and
occupational series, such as construction and service occupations, are adjusted directly. More
aggregate series, such as civilian or private industry workers, use composite estimates. The
composite estimates could be obtained by aggregating either the industry or the occupational
components, and the results may differ depending on which method is used. The aggregate
seasonally adjusted ECI series are estimated by aggregating the component seasonally adjusted
industry series, so they are not necessarily a weighted average of the component occupation series.

The costs per hour worked of compensation components, based on March 1993 data from
the ECT, are published in a separate news release titled "Employer Costs for Employee
Compensation - March 1993." A description of the cost levels is provided in the article "Analyzing
employers’ costs for wages, salaries, and benefits” in the October 1987 issue of the hl

i¢w. The cost levels, which are published annually in mid-June, are calculated with current
employment weights, rather than the fixed 1980 Census weights used in computing the ECI.
Therefore, year-to-year changes in the cost levels will usually differ from those in the EC.

More detailed information on the ECI is available in several sources. These include an
annual bulletin, vi -93, (Bulletin 2434); a chapter in the
(Bulletin 2414), "The Employment Cost Index;” and several articles
published in the Monthly Labor Review. The annual bulletin is available from the Superintendent
of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Publications Sales Center, P.O. Box 2145, Chicago, Ilinois 60690. Reprints of the
articles plus other descriptive pieces and a complete historical listing are available upon request.
ECT historical data are also available on data diskettes.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon
Tequest. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, Telecommunications Device for the Deaf (TDD) phone: 202-
606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone Number: 1-800-326-2577.


ECI data for March 1994 will be released on Tuesday, April 26, 1994, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).

Changes in wages and salaries and benefit costs, private industry, 1980-93

12-month percent change 12-month percent change
15 15
7 4 14
=
13 - 47 13
12 - $ 4 12
We : 41
10 i + 10
oF = 49
Br 78
7 47
6r 76
5 45
ar 44
ab : 4a
Wages and salaries
2b 42
ae 44
° ottisitiritisitiritiri teste tibet teri tia itis al 0

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

.



Compensation costs (not seasonally adjusted) increased 3.5 percent for the year ended in December
1993, the same as the gain for the year ended in December 1992. (See table 2.) This pattern held for private
industry workers (3.6 percent in 1993, compared with 3.5 percent in 1992) but not for state and local
government workers (2.8 percent, down from 3.7 percent). (See table 3.)

For private industry workers in the year ended in December 1993, wages and salaries rose 3.1 percent,
up from 2.6 percent for the year ended in December 1992. Benefit cost increases moderated slightly to 5.0
percent, from 5.2 percent. (See chart on page 3.) This moderation in benefit cost gains reflected a continuing
slowdown in the rate of gain in health and workers’ compensation insurance costs (which continued to rise
more rapidly than other benefit costs) and pension costs.

Increases in wages and salaries and benefit costs for state and local government workers in the year
ended in December 1993 slowed from the gains in 1992. Wages rose 2.7 percent, compared with 3.0 percent in
1992. Benefit costs increased 2.9 percent, down from 5.4 percent, due primarily to a slowdown in the rate of
gain in health insurance and pension costs.

For the year ended in December 1993, compensation cost increases in private industry were higher for
goods-producing industries than for service-producing industries (3.9 percent compared with 3.6 percent).
Compensation cost gains in goods-producing industries ranged from 2.4 percent for construction to 4.5 percent
for durable goods manufacturing. Within the service-producing industries, compensation cost increases ranged
from 2.3 percent for business services to 5.7 percent for banking, savings and loan, and other credit agencies.

Over the year 1993, compensation cost increases in private industry were higher for white- and blue-
collar occupations (both 3.7 percent) than service occupations (3.1 percent). White-collar gains ranged from
3.3 percent for professional specialty and technical occupations to 4.1 percent for administrative support,
including clerical. Blue-collar gains ranged from 3.3 percent for handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers to 4.3 percent for machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors.

Compensation cost gains over the year ended in December 1993 were higher for union workers (4.3
percent) than for nonunion workers (3.5 percent). This pattern held for both the goods-producing and service-
producing industries.

The formats of the tables have been changed with this release. All seasonally adjusted
data, formerly in tables 1-3, now appear in table 1. Compensation data, formerly in
tables 4-6, now appear in tables 2-4. Wage and salary data, formerly in tables 7-9,
now appear in tables 5-7. Benefit data, formerly in table 10, now appear in table 8.
Aerospace data, formerly in table 11, now appear in table 9.

Historical data for the Employment Cost Index, as well as other BLS time series, are
now available on Internet. For instructions on how to access this database, please call
202/606-6199 or send an e-mail message to: DECTINFO:0CSP@CMAIL.BLS.GOV.



13

Table 7, WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private

industry workers, by bargaining status, region, and area size

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Dec, 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
Dec. 1992:| Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Dec. 1992 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993
Workers, by bargaining status
Union .... 112.3 114.8 115.7 Os 08 08 34 28 3.0
Blue-collar occupations . 111.3 113.7 114.5 5 8 7 29 26 29
Goods-producing industries ' .. 111.7 113.8 114.8 5 7 a) 28 24 28
Service-producing industries 2 113.1 116.0 116.8 5 8 7 36 31 33
Manufacturing .... 112.5 114.6 115.9 7 & WW 28 2.6 3.0
Blue-collar occupations 112.4 114.4 115.7 7 5 14 28 25 29
Nonmanufacturing ... 112.2 114.9 115.5 4 9 5 3.3 29 29
Nonunion .. 113.1 115.9 116.6 & 1.0 6 25 34 34
Blue-collar occupations .. 111.9 114.4 115.0 5 7 5 25 28 28
Goods-producing industries 1 .. 113.3 116.0 116.7 6 7 & 29 3.0 3.0
Service-producing industries 2 113.0 115.9 116.6 & Ww & 24 3.2 3.2
Manufacturing ... 114.2 117.0 117.9 7 8 8 3.2 3.2 3.2
Blue-collar occupations 113.7 116.0 116.7 5 7 6 27 26 26
Nonmanufacturing ... 112.7 115.5 116.1 & 1.0 5 24 34 3.0
Workers, by region 3
113.7 116.8 117.3 6 1.0 4 25 3.4 3.2
112.7 115.3 116.0 & 9 & 28 29 29
N25 115.2 116.5 6 5 Ww 2.4 3.0 3.6
12.8 115.3 115.7, 5 1.4 3 34 28 26
Workers, by area size
Metropolitan areas 112.9 115.8 116.5 5 1.0 6 25 3.1 3.2
Other areas ... 112.8 115.0 115.8 7 5 7 34 27 2.7

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
Includes transponation, public utilities, trade, finance, insurance, real estate,
seryces, ‘and, where applicable, public administration in State and local governments.
The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast--Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
and Vermont;South~Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South

Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest-illinois, Indiana,
lowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South
Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West--Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii,
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the
aggregate, occupation, and industry series. See explanatory note.


16

EXPLANATORY NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) is a measure of the change in the cost of labor, free from
the influence of employment shifts among occupations and industries. The compensation series
includes changes in wages and salaries and employer costs for employee benefits. The wage and
salary series and the benefit cost series provide the change for the two components of
compensation.

Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage rate or, for workers not paid
on an hourly basis, straight-time eamings divided by the Corresponding hours. Straight-time wage
and salary rates are total earnings before payroll deductions, excluding premium pay for overtime
and for work on weekends and holidays, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses such as
lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases. Production bonuses, incentive earnings,
commission payments, and cost-of-living adjustments are included in straight-time wage and salary
Tates.

Benefits covered by the ECI are: Paid leave (vacations, holidays, sick leave, and other
leave); supplemental pay (premium pay for overtime, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses
such as lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases); insurance benefits (life, health,
and sickness and accident); retirement and savings benefits (pension and other retirement plans and
savings and thrift plans); legally required benefits (social security, railroad retirement and
supplemental retirement, railroad unemployment insurance, Federal and State unemployment
insurance, workers' compensation, and other legally required benefits such as State temporary
disability); and other benefits (severance pay and supplemental unemployment plans).

The ECI provides data for the civilian economy, which includes the total private economy
and the public sector--excluding farms, households, and the Federal government. The private
industry series and the State and local government series provide data for the two sectors separately.

Each quarter, straight-time average hourly wage and salary rates and benefit cost data
(cents-per-hour-worked) are collected from a probability sample of over 23,000 occupations within
over 4,600 sample establishments in private industry and about 7,000 occupations within 1,000
sample establishments in State and local governments. Data are collected for the pay period
including the 12th day of the survey months of March, June, September, and December.

The sample establishments are classified in industry categories based on the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC), as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

Within an establishment, specific job categories are selected to represent broader
occupational definitions. Since June 1986, the jobs have been classified according to definitions
used in the 1980 Census. Prior to June 1986, they were classified according to the 1970 Census.
Differences between the two classification systems are slight, as indicated in the article
"Introducing new weights for the Employment Cost Index,” in the June 1985 issue of the Monthly

r Review.

Fixed employment weights are used each quarter to calculate the most aggregate indexes--
civilian, private, and State and local governments. These fixed weights are also used to derive all of
the industry and occupation series indexes. Since June 1986, employment counts from the 1980
Census have been used as weights. Prior to June 1986, employment counts from the 1970 Census
were used.

For the series based on bargaining status, region, or area size, employment data are not
available from the Census. The employment weights are reallocated within these series each
quarter based on the current ECI sample. The indexes for these series, consequently, are not strictly