For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, August 27, 2020 USDL-20-1620 

Technical information: cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

WORKER DISPLACEMENT: 2017-19

From January 2017 through December 2019, there were 2.7 million workers displaced from jobs 

they had held for at least 3 years, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This was 

down from 3.0 million workers for the prior survey period covering January 2015 to December 

2017. In January 2020, 70 percent of workers displaced from 2017 to 2019 were reemployed, up 

from 66 percent in January 2018. 

The U.S. Department of Labor's Chief Evaluation Office sponsored the January 2020 survey to 

collect information on workers who were displaced from their jobs. Since 1984, these surveys 

have been conducted biennially in January as supplements to the Current Population Survey 

(CPS), a monthly survey of households that is the primary source of information on the nation's 

labor force. 

Displaced workers are defined as persons 20 years of age and over who lost or left jobs because 

their plant or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work for them to do, or their 

position or shift was abolished. The period covered in this study was January 2017 to December 

2019, the 3 calendar years prior to the January 2020 survey date. This period was characterized 

by employment growth and declining unemployment. The following analysis focuses primarily 

on the 2.7 million people who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years at the time of 

displacement (referred to as long-tenured workers). An additional 3.7 million persons were 

displaced from jobs they had held for less than 3 years (referred to as short-tenured workers). 

Combining the short- and long-tenured groups, the number of displaced workers totaled 6.3 

million from 2017 to 2019. This is down from 6.8 million for the 2015-17 survey period. 

Highlights from the January 2020 survey:

• In January 2020, 70 percent of the 2.7 million long-tenured displaced workers were 

reemployed, up from 66 percent in January 2018. (See table 1.)

• Forty-one percent of long-tenured displaced workers from the 2017-19 period cited that they 

lost their job because their plant or company closed down or moved; an additional 36 percent 

said that their position or shift was abolished, and 23 percent cited insufficient work. (See 

table 2.) 
-2- 

• Seventeen percent of long-tenured displaced workers lost a job in manufacturing, and another 

15 percent lost a job in professional and business services. (See table 4.) 

• Among long-tenured workers who were displaced from full-time wage and salary jobs and 

were reemployed in such jobs in January 2020, 65 percent had earnings that were as much or 

greater than those of their lost job, up from 51 percent for the prior survey. (See table 7.)

Characteristics of the Displaced

Seventy percent of the 2.7 million long-tenured displaced workers were reemployed at the time 

of the survey in January 2020, up from 66 percent for the January 2018 survey. The proportion 

unemployed at the time of the most recent survey was 12 percent, little different from January

2018. Eighteen percent of long-tenured displaced workers were not in the labor force in January 

2020, also little changed from the previous survey. (See table 1.)

In January 2020, the reemployment rate was 75 percent for workers ages 25 to 54, little changed 

from the prior survey. Reemployment rates continued to be lower for older workers; the rates for 

those ages 55 to 64 and 65 years and over were 67 percent and 44 percent, respectively. Among 

those age 65 and over, 49 percent were no longer in the labor force when surveyed. 

Among long-tenured displaced workers, men and women had similar reemployment rates in

January 2020 (72 percent and 68 percent, respectively). The reemployment rate for men

increased from the prior survey, while the rate for women changed little. Long-tenured displaced 

men and women were about equally likely to be unemployed at the time of the survey (12 

percent and 13 percent, respectively). The share of both male and female displaced workers who 

had left the labor force (16 percent and 20 percent, respectively) changed little from the prior 

survey. 

In January 2020, the reemployment rate for long-tenured displaced White workers rose to 71 

percent. The rates for Asians (74 percent), Hispanics (68 percent), and Blacks (62 percent) 

changed little from the prior survey. Long-tenured displaced Blacks were more likely than 

Whites and Hispanics to be unemployed in January 2020. 

Reason for Job Loss and Receipt of Advance Notice 

Of the 2.7 million long-tenured workers displaced during January 2017 through December 2019, 

41 percent lost or left their jobs due to plant or company closings or moves. The proportion of 

displaced workers citing that their position or shift was abolished was 36 percent, and the 

proportion citing insufficient work was 23 percent. (See table 2.)

Forty-seven percent of long-tenured displaced workers in the January 2020 survey received 

written advance notice that their jobs would be terminated, up from 43 percent for the January 

2018 survey. Workers who lost jobs during the 2017-19 period due to plant or company closings 

or moves continued to be the most likely to receive written advance notice. Of this group, 60 

percent received such notice. In contrast, 44 percent of workers who were displaced because 

their position or shift was abolished and 29 percent of those who lost jobs due to insufficient 
-3- 

work were notified in advance. For each of these groups, reemployment rates were not 

statistically different for those who received written advanced notice and those who did not. (See 

table 3.) 

 

Industry and Occupation

During the 2017-19 survey reference period, 461,000 long-tenured manufacturing workers were 

displaced from their jobs—17 percent of all long-tenured displaced workers. These 

displacements occurred mostly in durable goods manufacturing (279,000). Workers in 

professional and business services accounted for 15 percent of all long-tenured displacements, 

and retail trade accounted for another 13 percent of all displacements. (See table 4.) 

In January 2020, the reemployment rates were not statistically different from January 2018 for 

most major industry groups. However, the reemployment rates for workers displaced from retail 

trade (78 percent) and the information industry (80 percent) increased from the prior survey. The 

rate declined for workers displaced from the health care and social assistance industry (67 

percent). (Workers were not necessarily reemployed in the same industries from which they were

displaced.) 

By major occupational group, the reemployment rate increased to 71 percent for sales and office 

occupations in January 2020. Reemployment rates for other major occupational groups changed 

little from the prior survey. The January 2020 rates were 74 percent for those displaced from

management, professional, and related occupations; 70 percent for service occupations; 66 

percent for production, transportation, and material moving occupations; and 59 percent for 

natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. (See table 5.) 

Geographic Divisions 

Compared with the 2015-17 period, the number of long-tenured workers displaced during the 

2017-19 period declined for the South Atlantic and East South Central divisions, but changed 

little for the other geographic divisions of the United States. In January 2020, the reemployment 

rates increased to 82 percent for the Mountain division and 74 percent for East North Central 

division. The rate fell to 52 percent for the East South Central division. (See table 6.)

Earnings

Of the 1.7 million long-tenured displaced workers who lost full-time wage and salary jobs during 

the 2017-19 period and were reemployed in January 2020, 1.3 million had full-time wage and 

salary jobs in January 2020. Of the reemployed full-time workers who reported earnings on their 

lost job, the proportion that were earning as much or more than they did at their lost job was 65 

percent in January 2020, up from 51 percent for the January 2018 survey. (See table 7.)

Total Displaced Workers (With No Tenure Restriction)

The total number of workers displaced between January 2017 and December 2019 (regardless of

how long they had held their jobs) was 6.3 million, down by 491,000 from the 2015-17 survey 
-4- 

period. Of the total number of workers who lost jobs over the 2017-19 period, 71 percent were 

reemployed in January 2020, up from the January 2018 survey, and 15 percent were 

unemployed, little different from the prior survey. (See table 8.)
Technical Note

The data presented in this release were collected 

through a supplement to the January 2020 Current 

Population Survey (CPS), the monthly survey of about 

60,000 eligible households that provides basic data on 

employment and unemployment for the nation. The CPS is 

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS). The purpose of this supplement was 

to obtain information on the number and characteristics of 

persons who had been displaced (as defined below) from 

their jobs over the prior 3 calendar years. The collection of 

these data is sponsored by the Department of Labor’s Chief 

Evaluation Office. Additional information, reports, and 

archived news releases are available at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#displaced.

Data presented in this release are based on Census 2010 

population controls that are updated annually in January. 

Additional information, reports, and archived news release

are available at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire 

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the true population values they 

represent. The component of this difference that occurs 

because samples differ by chance is known as sampling

error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of 

confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by 

no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population 

value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the 

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to 

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability 

or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data.

Information about the reliability of data from the CPS 

and guidance on estimating standard errors is available at

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Concepts and questions

Displaced workers are wage and salary workers 20

years of age and over who lost or left jobs because their plant 

or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work for 

them to do, or their position or shift was abolished. Data are 

often presented for long-tenured displaced workers—those 

who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years at the 

time of displacement.

Wage and salary workers receive wages, salaries, 

commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group 

includes employees in both the private and public sectors but 

excludes all self-employed persons, both those with 

incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses.

Data discussed in this release on displaced workers 

were obtained from the following questions:

(This question was asked of all persons 20 years and 

over.) During the last 3 calendar years, that is, January 2017 

through December 2019, did (you/name) lose a job or leave 

one because: (your/his/her) plant or company closed or 

moved, (your/his/her) position or shift was abolished, 

insufficient work, or another similar reason?

(If the respondent answered "yes" to the above question 

on job loss, the following question was then asked.) Which 

of these specific reasons describes why (name/you) (is/are) 

no longer working at that job?

Plant or company closed down or moved

Plant or company operating but lost or left job because of:

Insufficient work

Position or shift abolished

Seasonal job completed

Self-operated business failed

Some other reason

Respondents who provided one of the first three 

reasons—plant or company closed or moved, insufficient 

work, or position or shift abolished—were classified as 

displaced and asked additional questions about the lost job, 

including how many years they had worked for their 

employer; the year the job was lost; the earnings, industry, 

and occupation of the lost job; and whether health insurance 

had been provided. Other questions were asked to determine 

what occurred before and after the job loss, such as: Was the 

respondent notified of the upcoming dismissal? How long 

did he/she go without work? Did he/she receive

unemployment benefits? And, if so, were the benefits used 

up? Did the person move to another location after the job loss 

to take or look for another job? Information also was 

collected about current health insurance coverage (other than 

Medicare and Medicaid) and current earnings for those 

employed at the time of the survey. 
Table 1. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment status

in January 2020

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in labor

force

Total

Total, 20 years and over 2,672 100.0 70.1 12.4 17.5

20 to 24 years 63 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years 1,676 100.0 75.1 13.9 11.0

55 to 64 years 702 100.0 66.5 10.7 22.8

65 years and over 232 100.0 44.1 7.4 48.5

Men

Total, 20 years and over 1,466 100.0 71.9 12.3 15.7

20 to 24 years 20 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years 947 100.0 74.5 14.6 10.9

55 to 64 years 382 100.0 71.7 8.3 20.0

65 years and over 117 100.0 52.6 9.3 38.2

Women

Total, 20 years and over 1,206 100.0 67.8 12.5 19.7

20 to 24 years 42 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years 729 100.0 75.9 12.9 11.2

55 to 64 years 321 100.0 60.3 13.4 26.3

65 years and over 115 100.0 35.4 5.6 59.1

White

Total, 20 years and over 2,162 100.0 70.9 10.5 18.6

Men 1,211 100.0 73.5 11.0 15.5

Women 951 100.0 67.7 9.7 22.6

Black or African American

Total, 20 years and over 335 100.0 61.8 22.2 16.0

Men 152 100.0 58.5 21.8 19.7

Women 183 100.0 64.6 22.6 12.9

Asian

Total, 20 years and over 110 100.0 73.5 25.6 0.9

Men 62 100.0 - - -

Women 48 100.0 - - -

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 20 years and over 461 100.0 67.6 8.5 23.9

Men 262 100.0 72.6 7.0 20.5

Women 199 100.0 61.2 10.5 28.3

1Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data

that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 2. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and reason for job loss,

January 2020

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Total

Percent distribution by reason for job loss

Total

Plant or company

closed down or

moved

Insufficient work Position or shift

abolished

Total

Total, 20 years and over 2,672 100.0 40.6 23.2 36.2

20 to 24 years 63 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years 1,676 100.0 42.6 23.2 34.2

55 to 64 years 702 100.0 33.2 24.7 42.1

65 years and over 232 100.0 43.8 19.5 36.7

Men

Total, 20 years and over 1,466 100.0 40.2 25.7 34.2

20 to 24 years 20 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years 947 100.0 40.0 27.5 32.5

55 to 64 years 382 100.0 36.6 22.1 41.3

65 years and over 117 100.0 48.8 21.2 30.0

Women

Total, 20 years and over 1,206 100.0 41.0 20.3 38.7

20 to 24 years 42 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years 729 100.0 46.0 17.7 36.3

55 to 64 years 321 100.0 29.1 27.7 43.1

65 years and over 115 100.0 38.7 17.7 43.6

White

Total, 20 years and over 2,162 100.0 40.7 23.0 36.3

Men 1,211 100.0 40.8 25.1 34.1

Women 951 100.0 40.6 20.3 39.1

Black or African American

Total, 20 years and over 335 100.0 47.3 21.4 31.3

Men 152 100.0 46.1 26.0 27.9

Women 183 100.0 48.3 17.6 34.1

Asian

Total, 20 years and over 110 100.0 13.8 24.4 61.8

Men 62 100.0 - - -

Women 48 100.0 - - -

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 20 years and over 461 100.0 50.6 27.5 22.0

Men 262 100.0 50.2 29.6 20.2

Women 199 100.0 51.0 24.7 24.3

1Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data

that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 3. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss,

and employment status in January 2020

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in labor

force

Total

Total, 20 years and over2 2,672 100.0 70.1 12.4 17.5

Received written advance notice 1,254 100.0 67.8 13.1 19.1

Did not receive written advance notice 1,377 100.0 72.9 11.8 15.3

Plant or company closed down or moved

Total, 20 years and over2 1,084 100.0 69.9 11.7 18.4

Received written advance notice 646 100.0 69.4 13.5 17.1

Did not receive written advance notice 415 100.0 73.1 8.3 18.5

Insufficient work

Total, 20 years and over2 621 100.0 73.7 8.4 17.9

Received written advance notice 183 100.0 68.1 5.0 26.9

Did not receive written advance notice 431 100.0 76.4 10.0 13.7

Position or shift abolished

Total, 20 years and over2 967 100.0 67.9 15.7 16.4

Received written advance notice 425 100.0 65.4 15.9 18.7

Did not receive written advance notice 532 100.0 69.9 16.0 14.2

1Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

2Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.

NOTE: Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 4. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in

January 2020

(Numbers in thousands)

Industry and class of worker of lost job Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in labor

force

Total, 20 years and over2 2,672 100.0 70.1 12.4 17.5

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers 26 100.0 - - -

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers 2,621 100.0 70.4 12.2 17.4

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers 2,481 100.0 70.3 12.4 17.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 31 100.0 - - -

Construction 189 100.0 63.6 20.0 16.5

Manufacturing 461 100.0 64.4 13.1 22.4

Durable goods manufacturing 279 100.0 62.1 15.3 22.6

Primary metals and fabricated metal products 57 100.0 - - -

Machinery manufacturing 49 100.0 - - -

Computers and electronic products 55 100.0 - - -

Electrical equipment and appliances 19 100.0 - - -

Transportation equipment 25 100.0 - - -

Miscellaneous manufacturing 27 100.0 - - -

Other durable goods industries 47 100.0 - - -

Nondurable goods manufacturing 182 100.0 68.0 9.7 22.3

Food manufacturing 48 100.0 - - -

Textiles, apparel, and leather 30 100.0 - - -

Paper and printing 41 100.0 - - -

Other nondurable goods industries 64 100.0 - - -

Wholesale and retail trade 435 100.0 76.5 7.0 16.5

Wholesale trade 96 100.0 70.1 4.5 25.4

Retail trade 340 100.0 78.3 7.7 14.0

Transportation and utilities3 85 100.0 72.5 14.1 13.4

Transportation and warehousing 78 100.0 74.5 10.8 14.7

Information3 126 100.0 80.2 2.9 16.9

Telecommunications 48 100.0 - - -

Financial activities 256 100.0 67.0 18.2 14.8

Finance and insurance 221 100.0 70.3 14.2 15.5

Finance 116 100.0 75.3 15.4 9.3

Insurance 105 100.0 64.8 12.8 22.4

Real estate and rental and leasing 35 100.0 - - -

Professional and business services 393 100.0 71.4 13.2 15.5

Professional and technical services 232 100.0 72.9 16.5 10.6

Management, administrative, and waste services 161 100.0 69.1 8.4 22.4

Education and health services 278 100.0 68.2 13.9 17.8

Educational services 60 100.0 - - -

Health care and social assistance3 218 100.0 67.0 12.1 20.9

Hospitals 53 100.0 - - -

Health services, except hospitals 118 100.0 75.0 6.3 18.7

Leisure and hospitality3 140 100.0 78.3 5.2 16.5

Accommodation and food services3 117 100.0 74.2 6.2 19.6

Food services and drinking places 94 100.0 71.8 7.7 20.5

Other services 86 100.0 72.6 21.9 5.5

Government wage and salary workers 140 100.0 71.9 8.1 20.0

1Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

2Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of worker of lost job, not shown

separately.

3Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 5. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by occupation of lost job and employment status in January 2020

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation of lost job Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in labor

force

Total, 20 years and over2 2,672 100.0 70.1 12.4 17.5

Management, professional, and related occupations 1,195 100.0 73.5 13.7 12.8

Management, business, and financial operations occupations 715 100.0 71.7 16.2 12.1

Professional and related occupations 481 100.0 76.1 10.0 14.0

Service occupations 252 100.0 69.6 8.9 21.5

Sales and office occupations 603 100.0 71.1 9.8 19.0

Sales and related occupations 283 100.0 76.9 10.3 12.8

Office and administrative support occupations 321 100.0 66.1 9.4 24.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations 237 100.0 59.1 14.9 26.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 8 100.0 - - -

Construction and extraction occupations 124 100.0 57.2 14.1 28.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 106 100.0 65.7 10.1 24.2

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 364 100.0 66.3 10.6 23.2

Production occupations 201 100.0 64.5 13.8 21.7

Transportation and material moving occupations 163 100.0 68.4 6.6 25.0

1Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

2Total includes a small number who did not report occupation or class of worker of lost job.

NOTE: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into

the Current Population Survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No

historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Dash indicates no data or data that do not

meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 6. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by selected characteristics and area of residence in January 2020

(In thousands)

Characteristic Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Mountain Pacific

Workers who lost jobs

Total, 20 years and over 2,672 147 326 408 177 445 108 404 215 442

Men 1,466 78 189 215 109 236 59 199 127 255

Women 1,206 69 137 193 68 210 49 206 88 187

Reason for job loss

Plant or company closed down or moved 1,084 48 114 184 66 185 52 152 85 198

Insufficient work 621 45 82 84 41 112 28 91 45 93

Position or shift abolished 967 54 130 140 70 148 27 162 84 151

Industry and class of worker of lost job

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary

workers 26 - - 10 - - - - 3 13

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers 2,621 143 326 398 172 440 108 395 211 429

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers 2,481 134 316 376 161 409 103 379 201 401

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 31 - - - - - 1 25 1 4

Construction 189 12 25 13 4 53 15 15 27 27

Manufacturing 461 24 54 92 44 70 18 41 25 94

Durable goods manufacturing 279 21 29 59 20 45 12 21 21 51

Nondurable goods manufacturing 182 3 25 32 23 25 6 19 4 43

Wholesale and retail trade 435 18 51 65 24 79 17 87 34 60

Transportation and utilities 85 4 11 23 5 4 2 19 6 12

Information 126 9 19 21 13 6 12 22 3 20

Financial activities 256 9 40 55 15 30 14 56 4 33

Professional and business services 393 25 52 34 29 74 16 58 38 67

Education and health services 278 22 36 46 14 51 4 30 38 36

Leisure and hospitality 140 6 19 9 9 34 5 15 17 27

Other services 86 5 10 18 3 9 - 12 7 21

Government wage and salary workers 140 8 10 21 11 31 4 16 10 28

Employment status in January 2020

Employed 1,872 103 206 300 137 301 56 292 176 301

Unemployed 331 19 41 47 17 68 13 35 15 75

Not in labor force 469 25 79 61 23 77 38 77 24 65

1Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019 because of plant or company

closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

2Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of worker of lost job, not shown separately.

NOTE: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont compose the New England Division; New Jersey, New York, and

Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas,

Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota compose the West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee

compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas compose the West South Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho,

Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the Mountain Division; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific

Division. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 7. Long-tenured displaced workers1 who lost full-time wage and salary jobs and were reemployed in January 2020 by industry

of lost job and characteristics of new job

(In thousands)

Industry and class of worker of lost job

Reemployed in January 2020

Total

Wage and salary workers

Part time

Full time

Total2

Earnings relative to those of lost job

20 percent

or more

below

Below, but

within 20

percent

Equal or

above, but

within 20

percent

20 percent

or more

above

Selfemployed

and unpaid

family

workers

Total who lost full-time wage and salary jobs 1,672 186 1,335 172 181 383 269 151

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary

workers 11 4 7 - - 5 1 -

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers 1,645 181 1,314 172 180 373 267 150

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers 1,569 168 1,250 156 175 362 244 150

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 18 - 14 2 6 0 5 4

Construction 116 9 84 15 14 15 10 24

Manufacturing 285 18 244 28 26 86 47 23

Durable goods manufacturing 169 10 141 23 17 48 24 18

Nondurable goods manufacturing 116 8 103 5 9 38 23 5

Wholesale and retail trade 286 46 237 51 14 61 38 3

Transportation and utilities 62 - 53 9 13 19 7 9

Information 100 0 77 17 16 21 6 22

Financial activities 172 11 150 15 20 51 22 11

Professional and business services 260 12 214 2 38 63 68 34

Education and health services 144 30 109 16 16 32 17 6

Leisure and hospitality 67 15 43 1 12 4 12 9

Other services 59 27 27 1 1 10 12 5

Government wage and salary workers 77 13 64 16 5 11 23 -

1Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2017 and December 2019 because of plant or company

closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

2Includes persons who did not report earnings on lost job.

3Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 8. Total displaced workers1 by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2020

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in labor

force

Workers who lost jobs

Total, 20 years and over 6,334 100.0 70.9 15.0 14.1

20 to 24 years 670 100.0 75.1 11.8 13.1

25 to 54 years 4,177 100.0 74.4 16.2 9.4

55 to 64 years 1,142 100.0 64.8 13.3 21.9

65 years and over 344 100.0 40.1 13.0 47.0

Men, 20 years and over 3,412 100.0 71.4 15.8 12.8

20 to 24 years 328 100.0 69.6 15.6 14.8

25 to 54 years 2,276 100.0 75.0 16.3 8.7

55 to 64 years 622 100.0 67.6 13.5 18.9

65 years and over 186 100.0 43.0 17.7 39.3

Women, 20 years and over 2,922 100.0 70.3 14.1 15.6

20 to 24 years 341 100.0 80.3 8.2 11.5

25 to 54 years 1,902 100.0 73.8 16.0 10.2

55 to 64 years 520 100.0 61.4 13.0 25.5

65 years and over 158 100.0 36.6 7.4 55.9

White 4,813 100.0 72.0 12.6 15.3

Black or African American 954 100.0 62.7 25.9 11.4

Asian 304 100.0 71.6 22.4 6.0

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 1,235 100.0 70.7 14.3 15.0

Reason for job loss

Plant or company closed down or moved 2,275 100.0 70.5 13.4 16.1

Insufficient work 2,260 100.0 71.3 16.1 12.5

Position or shift abolished 1,798 100.0 70.8 15.7 13.5

Occupation of lost job

Management, professional, and related occupations 2,266 100.0 74.2 14.9 10.9

Management, business, and financial operations occupations 1,252 100.0 72.4 18.2 9.4

Professional and related occupations 1,014 100.0 76.4 10.8 12.8

Service occupations 890 100.0 73.9 14.5 11.7

Sales and office occupations 1,414 100.0 71.2 11.9 16.8

Sales and related occupations 698 100.0 69.7 15.1 15.2

Office and administrative support occupations 716 100.0 72.8 8.8 18.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations 620 100.0 68.2 14.4 17.4

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 14 100.0 - - -

Construction and extraction occupations 420 100.0 72.6 13.3 14.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 186 100.0 63.2 14.3 22.5

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 948 100.0 63.5 18.9 17.6

Production occupations 508 100.0 59.8 19.1 21.1

Transportation and material moving occupations 441 100.0 67.8 18.7 13.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Total displaced workers1 by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2020 --

Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in labor

force

Industry and class of worker of lost job

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers 36 100.0 - - -

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers 6,094 100.0 71.3 14.8 13.9

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers 5,842 100.0 70.9 15.2 13.9

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 54 100.0 - - -

Construction 544 100.0 68.3 19.2 12.5

Manufacturing 908 100.0 63.6 18.2 18.2

Durable goods manufacturing 576 100.0 62.0 21.0 17.0

Nondurable goods manufacturing 332 100.0 66.3 13.3 20.3

Wholesale and retail trade 1,045 100.0 70.5 12.5 17.0

Transportation and utilities 194 100.0 78.3 14.5 7.2

Information 202 100.0 80.1 7.9 12.0

Financial activities 402 100.0 65.6 19.1 15.3

Professional and business services 975 100.0 71.2 17.7 11.2

Education and health services 632 100.0 76.5 10.7 12.8

Leisure and hospitality 598 100.0 76.7 12.1 11.2

Other services 268 100.0 70.3 20.4 9.4

Government wage and salary workers 252 100.0 79.8 4.5 15.7

1Data refer to all persons (regardless of years of tenure on lost job) who had lost or left a job between January 2017 and December 2019 

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

2Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report occupation, industry or class of worker of lost

job, not shown separately.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Effective with January 2020 data,

occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey. This

classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data

for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).