For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, August 25, 2016 USDL-16-1731 

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

WORKER DISPLACEMENT: 2013-15 

From January 2013 through December 2015, there were 3.2 million workers displaced from jobs they 

had held for at least 3 years, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This was down from 4.3 

million workers for the prior survey period covering January 2011 to December 2013. In January 2016, 

66 percent of workers displaced from 2013 to 2015 were reemployed, up from 61 percent for the prior 

survey in January 2014. 

Since 1984, the U.S. Department of Labor has sponsored surveys that collect information on workers 

who were displaced from their jobs. These surveys have been conducted every other January as 

supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly survey of households that is the primary 

source of information on the nation's labor force. 

Displaced workers are defined as persons 20 years of age and older who lost or left jobs because their 

plant or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift 

was abolished. The period covered in this study was 2013-15, the 3 calendar years prior to the January 

2016 survey date. This period was characterized by employment growth and declining unemployment. 

The following analysis focuses primarily on the 3.2 million persons who had worked for their employer 

for 3 or more years at the time of displacement (referred to as long-tenured workers). An additional 4.2 

million persons were displaced from jobs they had held for less than 3 years (referred to as short-tenured 

workers). Combining the short- and long-tenured groups, the number of displaced workers totaled 7.4 

million from 2013 to 2015. In the 2011-13 survey period, this group numbered 9.5 million. 

Highlights from the January 2016 survey include: 

• In January 2016, 66 percent of the 3.2 million long-tenured displaced workers were 

reemployed, up from 61 percent in January 2014 and 56 percent in January 2012. 

(See table 1.) 

• Thirty-seven percent of long-tenured displaced workers from the 2013-15 period cited that 

they lost their job because their plant or company closed down or moved; an additional 37 

percent said that their position or shift was abolished and 26 percent cited insufficient work. 

(See table 2.) 

• Seventeen percent of long-tenured displaced workers lost a job in manufacturing. (See table 4.) 
- 2 - 

• Among long-tenured workers who were displaced from full-time wage and salary jobs and 

were reemployed in such jobs in January 2016, 53 percent had earnings that were as much or 

greater than those of their lost job, similar to the prior survey. (See table 7.) 

Characteristics of the Displaced

Sixty-six percent of the 3.2 million long-tenured displaced workers were reemployed at the time of the 

survey in January 2016, up from 61 percent for the January 2014 survey, and 56 percent for the January 

2012 survey. The proportion unemployed at the time of the most recent survey was 16 percent, down 

from 21 percent in the January 2014 survey and from 27 percent in the January 2012 survey. Nineteen 

percent of long-tenured displaced workers were not in the labor force in January 2016, about unchanged 

from the previous survey. (See table 1.) 

In January 2016, the reemployment rate was 73 percent for workers ages 25 to 54, up from 68 percent 

for the prior survey. Reemployment rates were lower for older workers. In January 2016, the rates for 

those ages 55 to 64 and 65 years and over were 60 percent and 27 percent, respectively. Among those 

age 65 and over, 63 percent were no longer in the labor force when surveyed, little different from the 

prior survey. 

Among long-tenured displaced workers, men and women had similar reemployment rates in January 

2016 (67 percent and 64 percent, respectively). The reemployment rate for women increased by 6

percentage points from the prior survey, while the rate for men changed little. Long-tenured displaced 

men and women were equally likely to be unemployed at the time of the survey at 16 percent. The share 

of male displaced workers who had left the labor force increased by 4 percentage points to 18 percent, 

while the share of women was little changed at 20 percent.

In January 2016, the reemployment rate for long-tenured displaced White workers rose by 4 percentage 

points to 67 percent. The rates for Hispanics (69 percent), Blacks (62 percent), and Asians (55 percent), 

changed little from the prior survey. 

Reason for Job Loss and Receipt of Advance Notice 

Of the 3.2 million long-tenured workers displaced during the January 2013 through December 2015 

period, 37 percent lost or left their jobs due to plant or company closings or moves. The proportion of 

displaced workers citing that their position or shift was abolished was 37 percent and the proportion 

citing insufficient work was 26 percent. (See table 2.) 

Forty-five percent of long-tenured displaced workers in the January 2016 survey received written 

advance notice that their jobs would be terminated, up from 40 percent for the January 2014 survey. 

Workers who lost jobs during the 2013-15 period due to plant or company closings or moves continued 

to be most likely to receive written advance notice. Of this group, 60 percent received such notice. In 

contrast, 41 percent of workers who were displaced because their position or shift was abolished and 28 

percent of those who lost jobs due to insufficient work were notified in advance. For each of these 

groups, reemployment rates were not statistically different for those who received written advanced 

notice and those who did not. (See table 3.) 
- 3 - 

Industry and Occupation

During the 2013-15 period, 553,000 long-tenured manufacturing workers were displaced from their 

jobs—17 percent of all long-tenured displaced workers. Manufacturing displacements occurred mostly 

in the durable goods component (332,000). Workers in wholesale and retail trade accounted for 15 

percent of all long-tenured displacements, professional and business services accounted for 12 percent, 

and education and health services also accounted for 12 percent of displacements. (See table 4.) 

Among the major industry groups in January 2016, reemployment rates were not statistically different

for most industries. Workers displaced from mining, however, were the least likely to be reemployed (41 

percent). The rate for workers displaced from education and health services increased to 70 percent and 

the reemployment rate for those displaced from professional and business services rose to 69 percent. 

The reemployment rates for workers displaced from other major industry groups changed little from the 

prior survey. (Workers were not necessarily reemployed in the same industries from which they were 

displaced.) 

 

Reemployment rates were not statistically different by major occupation group in January 2016. The rate

for those displaced from production, transportation, and material moving occupations increased to 65 

percent and the reemployment rate for those displaced from sales and office occupations rose to 63 

percent. The rates for those displaced from management, professional, and related occupations (69 

percent); service occupations (63 percent); and natural resources, construction, and maintenance 

occupations (62 percent) changed little from the prior survey. (See table 5.)

Geographic Divisions 

The number of long-tenured workers displaced during the 2013-15 period declined from the 2011-13 

period in most of the geographic divisions of the United States. In January 2016, reemployment rates 

ranged from 75 percent for the Mountain division to 53 percent for the East South Central division. 

(See table 6.) 

Earnings 

Of the 1.8 million long-tenured displaced workers who lost full-time wage and salary jobs during the 

2013-15 period and were reemployed, 1.5 million had full-time wage and salary jobs in January 2016. 

Of these reemployed full-time workers who reported earnings on their lost job, the proportion that were 

earning as much or more than they did at their lost job was 53 percent in January 2016, little different 

from the January 2014 survey. (See table 7.)

Total Displaced Workers (With No Tenure Restriction)

The total number of workers displaced between January 2013 and December 2015 (regardless of how 

long they had held their jobs) was 7.4 million, down by 2.1 million from the 2011-13 survey period. Of 

the total number of workers who lost jobs over the 2013-15 period, 67 percent were reemployed, up 

from 61 percent in the prior survey. The proportion unemployed fell by 7 percentage points to 17 

percent in January 2016. (See table 8.)
Technical Note

The data presented in this release were collected 

through a supplement to the January 2016 Current 

Population Survey (CPS), the monthly survey of about 

60,000 eligible households that provides basic data on 

employment and unemployment for the nation. The CPS is 

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS). The purpose of this supplement was 

to obtain information on the number and characteristics of 

persons who had been displaced (as defined below) from 

their jobs over the prior 3 calendar years. The collection of 

these data is sponsored by the Department of Labor. 

Additional information, reports, and archived news releases 

are available to the public on the BLS website at

www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#displaced.

Data presented in this release are based on Census 2010 

population controls that are updated annually in January. For

additional information, see "Population control adjustments 

to the CPS", which is available on the BLS website at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop. 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire 

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the true population values they 

represent. The component of this difference that occurs 

because samples differ by chance is known as sampling

error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of 

confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by 

no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population 

value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the 

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to 

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability 

or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data.

Information about the reliability of data from the CPS 

and guidance on estimating standard errors is available at

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Concepts and questions

Displaced workers are wage and salary workers 20 

years of age and older who lost or left jobs because their plant 

or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work for 

them to do, or their position or shift was abolished. Data are 

often presented for long-tenured displaced workers—those 

who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years at the 

time of displacement.

Wage and salary workers receive wages, salaries, 

commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group 

includes employees in both the private and public sectors but 

excludes all self-employed persons, both those with 

incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses.

Data discussed in this release on displaced workers 

were obtained from the following questions:

(This question was asked of all persons 20 years and 

over.) During the last 3 calendar years, that is, January 2013 

through December 2015, did (you/name) lose a job or leave 

one because: (your/his/her) plant or company closed or 

moved, (your/his/her) position or shift was abolished, 

insufficient work, or another similar reason?

(If the respondent answered "yes" to the above question 

on job loss, the following question was then asked.) Which 

of these specific reasons describes why (name/you) (is/are) 

no longer working at that job? 

Plant or company closed down or moved

Plant or company operating but lost or left job because of:

Insufficient work

Position or shift abolished

Seasonal job completed

Self-operated business failed

Some other reason

Respondents who provided one of the first three 

reasons—plant or company closed or moved, insufficient 

work, or position or shift abolished—were classified as 

displaced and asked additional questions about the lost job, 

including how many years they had worked for their 

employer; the year the job was lost; the earnings, industry, 

and occupation of the lost job; and whether health insurance 

had been provided. Other questions were asked to deter-mine 

what occurred before and after the job loss, such as: Was the 

respondent notified of the upcoming dismissal? How long 

did he/she go without work? Did he/she receive

unemployment benefits? And, if so, were the benefits used 

up? Did the person move to another location after the job loss 

to take or look for another job? Information also was 

collected about current health insurance coverage (other than 

Medicare and Medicaid) and current earnings for those 

employed at the time of the survey. 
Table 1. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment

status in January 2016

(Numbers in thousands)

Age, sex, race, and Hispanic

or Latino ethnicity Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

TOTAL

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 3,191 100.0 65.5 15.9 18.6

20 to 24 years ............................................. 71 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

25 to 54 years ............................................. 2,023 100.0 72.5 17.1 10.4

55 to 64 years ............................................. 853 100.0 60.0 15.0 24.9

65 years and over ....................................... 245 100.0 26.5 10.7 62.8

Men

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 1,773 100.0 66.5 15.7 17.8

20 to 24 years ............................................. 33 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

25 to 54 years ............................................. 1,151 100.0 72.7 17.2 10.1

55 to 64 years ............................................. 469 100.0 62.6 15.1 22.3

65 years and over ....................................... 119 100.0 24.0 7.9 68.1

Women

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 1,419 100.0 64.1 16.3 19.6

20 to 24 years ............................................. 38 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

25 to 54 years ............................................. 872 100.0 72.3 17.0 10.7

55 to 64 years ............................................. 383 100.0 56.8 15.0 28.2

65 years and over ....................................... 125 100.0 28.9 13.3 57.8

White

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 2,573 100.0 66.5 14.8 18.6

Men ............................................................. 1,450 100.0 67.7 14.8 17.5

Women ....................................................... 1,123 100.0 65.0 14.9 20.1

Black or African American

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 394 100.0 61.5 20.3 18.2

Men ............................................................. 170 100.0 60.1 19.6 20.3

Women ....................................................... 224 100.0 62.5 20.9 16.6

Asian

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 145 100.0 54.9 24.7 20.3

Men ............................................................. 96 100.0 59.4 20.3 20.3

Women ....................................................... 49 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

 Total, 20 years and over ......................... 423 100.0 69.4 14.3 16.3

Men ............................................................. 236 100.0 75.4 11.0 13.7

Women ....................................................... 187 100.0 61.9 18.4 19.6

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job

they had lost or left between January 2013 and December 2015

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the

abolishment of their positions or shifts. 2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African

American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as

Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Table 2. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and reason for job loss,

January 2016

(Numbers in thousands)

Age, sex, race, and Hispanic

or Latino ethnicity Total

 Percent distribution by reason for job loss

Total

Plant or

company closed

down or moved

Insufficient work Position or shift

abolished

TOTAL

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 3,191 100.0 37.4 25.6 37.1

20 to 24 years ............................................................... 71 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

25 to 54 years ............................................................... 2,023 100.0 37.4 27.4 35.2

55 to 64 years ............................................................... 853 100.0 36.4 22.8 40.8

65 years and over ......................................................... 245 100.0 33.9 23.7 42.4

Men

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 1,773 100.0 37.2 29.0 33.8

20 to 24 years ............................................................... 33 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

25 to 54 years ............................................................... 1,151 100.0 36.9 31.3 31.8

55 to 64 years ............................................................... 469 100.0 38.4 24.3 37.3

65 years and over ......................................................... 119 100.0 25.9 31.7 42.4

Women

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 1,419 100.0 37.5 21.3 41.1

20 to 24 years ............................................................... 38 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

25 to 54 years ............................................................... 872 100.0 38.1 22.2 39.7

55 to 64 years ............................................................... 383 100.0 33.9 20.9 45.2

65 years and over ......................................................... 125 100.0 41.6 16.0 42.4

White

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 2,573 100.0 37.2 25.9 36.9

Men ............................................................................... 1,450 100.0 37.1 30.6 32.3

Women ......................................................................... 1,123 100.0 37.4 19.7 42.9

Black or African American

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 394 100.0 35.4 27.7 36.9

Men ............................................................................... 170 100.0 33.4 23.7 42.9

Women ......................................................................... 224 100.0 36.9 30.7 32.4

Asian

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 145 100.0 45.9 21.3 32.8

Men ............................................................................... 96 100.0 46.7 19.8 33.5

Women ......................................................................... 49 100.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

 Total, 20 years and over ........................................... 423 100.0 45.3 24.4 30.3

Men ............................................................................... 236 100.0 43.5 27.2 29.3

Women ......................................................................... 187 100.0 47.4 20.9 31.7

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they

had lost or left between January 2013 and December 2015 because of plant or

company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their

positions or shifts. 2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African

American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for

all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of

any race.
Table 3. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss, and

employment status in January 2016

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

TOTAL

 Total, 20 years and over 2 .................................................................. 3,191 100.0 65.5 15.9 18.6

Received written advance notice ............................................................ 1,424 100.0 63.3 16.9 19.8

Did not receive written advance notice ................................................... 1,716 100.0 67.5 14.7 17.8

Plant or company closed down or moved

 Total, 20 years and over 2 .................................................................. 1,192 100.0 64.0 14.7 21.3

Received written advance notice ............................................................ 712 100.0 63.7 15.9 20.4

Did not receive written advance notice ................................................... 468 100.0 65.2 11.5 23.3

Insufficient work

 Total, 20 years and over 2 .................................................................. 816 100.0 64.7 19.3 16.0

Received written advance notice ............................................................ 231 100.0 56.8 24.2 19.0

Did not receive written advance notice ................................................... 568 100.0 67.5 17.2 15.3

Position or shift abolished

 Total, 20 years and over 2 .................................................................. 1,183 100.0 67.5 14.9 17.6

Received written advance notice ............................................................ 481 100.0 66.0 14.7 19.3

Did not receive written advance notice ................................................... 681 100.0 69.1 14.9 16.0

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2013 and December 2015 because of plant or company

closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts. 2 Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.
Table 4. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in January

2016

(Numbers in thousands)

Industry and class of worker of lost job Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

 Total, 20 years and over 2 ................................................................. 3,191 100.0 65.5 15.9 18.6

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers .................. 11 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers .............................. 3,125 100.0 65.4 16.0 18.6

 Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers ................................. 2,960 100.0 65.9 15.9 18.3

 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ................................. 76 100.0 41.2 33.4 25.4

 Construction ................................................................................... 217 100.0 71.9 15.7 12.4

 Manufacturing ................................................................................. 553 100.0 63.2 15.0 21.7

 Durable goods manufacturing .................................................. 332 100.0 66.0 13.6 20.4

 Primary metals and fabricated metal products ...................... 40 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Machinery manufacturing ...................................................... 46 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Computers and electronic products ....................................... 59 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Electrical equipment and appliances ..................................... 28 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Transportation equipment ...................................................... 75 100.0 52.0 10.3 37.7

 Miscellaneous manufacturing ................................................ 52 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Other durable goods industries ............................................. 32 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Nondurable goods manufacturing ............................................ 221 100.0 59.1 17.1 23.8

 Food manufacturing ............................................................... 44 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Textiles, apparel, and leather ................................................ 35 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Paper and printing ................................................................. 57 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Other nondurable goods industries ....................................... 85 100.0 50.8 21.0 28.1

 Wholesale and retail trade .............................................................. 480 100.0 63.9 14.4 21.7

 Wholesale trade ......................................................................... 118 100.0 69.7 13.3 17.0

 Retail trade ................................................................................ 362 100.0 62.0 14.7 23.2

 Transportation and utilities 4 ........................................................... 112 100.0 62.5 8.6 28.8

 Transportation and warehousing ............................................... 96 100.0 59.5 10.0 30.4

 Information 4 ................................................................................... 159 100.0 74.7 11.7 13.6

 Telecommunications .................................................................. 63 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Financial activities .......................................................................... 279 100.0 64.8 20.7 14.5

 Finance and insurance .............................................................. 197 100.0 66.7 20.4 12.8

 Finance .................................................................................. 151 100.0 66.5 21.5 12.0

 Insurance ............................................................................... 46 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Real estate and rental and leasing ............................................ 82 100.0 60.1 21.3 18.6

 Professional and business services ............................................... 383 100.0 68.9 11.0 20.2

 Professional and technical services .......................................... 265 100.0 67.8 8.4 23.9

 Management, administrative, and waste services ..................... 118 100.0 71.4 16.8 11.8

 Education and health services ........................................................ 384 100.0 69.9 16.9 13.2

 Educational services .................................................................. 85 100.0 64.7 8.8 26.5

 Health care and social assistance 4 .......................................... 298 100.0 71.4 19.2 9.4

 Hospitals ................................................................................ 81 100.0 76.6 9.5 14.0

 Health services, except hospitals .......................................... 160 100.0 71.1 23.5 5.4

 Leisure and hospitality 4 ................................................................. 207 100.0 66.2 21.1 12.7

 Accommodation and food services 4 ......................................... 152 100.0 69.0 20.2 10.8

 Food services and drinking places ........................................ 143 100.0 70.0 21.4 8.5

 Other services ................................................................................ 109 100.0 59.5 20.3 20.2

 Government wage and salary workers ................................................. 165 100.0 56.5 18.9 24.6

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had

lost or left between January 2013 and December 2015 because of plant or

company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their

positions or shifts.

2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who

did not report industry or class of worker, not shown separately. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 4 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Table 5. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by occupation of lost job and employment status in January 2016

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation of lost job Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

 Total, 20 years and over 2 ................................................... 3,191 100.0 65.5 15.9 18.6

 Management, professional, and related occupations .............. 1,301 100.0 69.0 13.5 17.4

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations ........................................................................ 702 100.0 72.1 14.6 13.3

 Professional and related occupations .................................... 598 100.0 65.5 12.3 22.3

 Service occupations ................................................................ 313 100.0 63.4 19.0 17.6

 Sales and office occupations ................................................... 820 100.0 63.2 15.2 21.6

 Sales and related occupations .............................................. 340 100.0 66.1 18.3 15.6

 Office and administrative support occupations ...................... 479 100.0 61.1 13.0 25.9

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations ........................................................................ 302 100.0 62.0 23.7 14.2

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................ 8 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Construction and extraction occupations ............................... 193 100.0 61.1 28.5 10.4

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ 102 100.0 62.3 16.4 21.3

 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 418 100.0 65.0 16.2 18.8

 Production occupations ......................................................... 246 100.0 55.3 21.1 23.6

 Transportation and material moving occupations .................. 171 100.0 78.9 9.1 12.0

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they

had lost or left between January 2013 and December 2015 because of plant

or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their

positions or shifts. 2 Total includes a small number who did not report occupation. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Table 6. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by selected characteristics and area of residence in January 2016

(In thousands)

Characteristic Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Mountain Pacific

Workers who lost jobs

 Total, 20 years and over ........................... 3,191 154 392 519 267 640 145 299 275 501

Men ............................................................... 1,773 94 202 284 139 327 62 164 186 313

Women ......................................................... 1,419 59 190 235 128 313 83 135 88 188

Reason for job loss

Plant or company closed down or moved ..... 1,192 49 168 194 98 248 53 111 88 182

Insufficient work ............................................ 816 43 110 144 47 154 36 99 62 121

Position or shift abolished ............................. 1,183 63 114 181 121 238 56 88 125 197

Industry and class of worker of lost job 2

Agriculture and related industries wage and

salary workers ........................................ 11 – – – 2 3 1 – 1 4

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary

workers ................................................... 3,125 149 385 512 262 617 144 297 266 492

 Private nonagricultural wage and salary

workers ................................................... 2,960 140 368 491 244 588 130 278 257 463

 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas

extraction ................................................ 76 – 3 – 3 8 7 26 21 7

 Construction ......................................... 217 11 32 50 17 35 7 5 16 43

 Manufacturing ....................................... 553 36 72 115 64 75 23 69 44 56

 Durable goods ................................. 332 25 40 81 34 31 7 41 34 38

 Nondurable goods ........................... 221 12 31 33 30 44 16 28 10 18

 Wholesale and retail trade .................... 480 18 60 70 48 103 33 50 33 65

 Transportation and utilities ................... 112 10 14 10 2 22 6 15 1 32

 Information ............................................ 159 3 18 18 19 47 7 4 15 27

 Financial activities ................................ 279 22 38 42 28 52 11 33 24 29

 Professional and business services ..... 383 19 38 78 20 97 10 22 40 59

 Education and health services .............. 384 14 62 60 19 75 25 38 36 54

 Leisure and hospitality .......................... 207 2 13 33 14 43 2 16 17 69

 Other services ...................................... 109 4 17 16 9 31 – – 8 22

 Government wage and salary workers ....... 165 9 17 22 18 29 13 20 9 29

Employment status

in January 2016

Employed ...................................................... 2,089 84 221 319 191 432 77 203 206 356

Unemployed ................................................. 509 26 81 92 29 106 27 35 31 82

Not in the labor force .................................... 593 44 90 108 47 102 41 61 38 62

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had

lost or left between January 2013 and December 2015 because of plant or

company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions

or shifts. 2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did

not report industry or class of worker, not shown separately.

 NOTE: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,

and Vermont compose the New England Division; New Jersey, New York, and

Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,

Ohio, and Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas,

Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota compose the

West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose

the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee

compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and

Texas compose the West South Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho,

Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the Mountain

Division; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific

Division. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 7. Long-tenured displaced workers1 who lost full-time wage and salary jobs and were reemployed in January 2016

by industry of lost job and characteristics of new job

(In thousands)

Industry and class of worker of lost job

Reemployed in January 2016

Total

Wage and salary workers

Selfemployed

and

unpaid

family

workers

Part

time

Full time

Total 2

Earnings relative to those of lost job

20 percent

or more

below

Below, but

within 20

percent

Equal or

above, but

within 20

percent

20 percent

or more

above

 Total who lost full-time wage and salary jobs 3 ........ 1,838 231 1,470 340 239 391 258 137

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary

workers ................................................................... 10 3 1 1 – – – 5

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers .... 1,799 221 1,447 339 239 387 252 131

 Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers ....... 1,734 206 1,396 334 239 366 232 131

 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ....... 26 – 26 14 1 – 2 –

 Construction ......................................................... 143 19 101 20 18 36 10 24

 Manufacturing ....................................................... 332 35 273 59 57 86 35 25

 Durable goods ................................................. 207 21 178 28 38 65 25 8

 Nondurable goods ........................................... 125 14 95 31 19 21 10 16

 Wholesale and retail trade .................................... 257 23 217 75 32 26 50 16

 Transportation and utilities ................................... 64 – 59 11 11 23 8 5

 Information ............................................................ 119 6 100 34 23 13 14 13

 Financial activities ................................................ 170 14 145 26 38 20 28 12

 Professional and business services ..................... 233 30 184 36 20 76 14 19

 Education and health services .............................. 231 65 165 24 20 54 54 2

 Leisure and hospitality .......................................... 104 10 83 23 11 20 15 11

 Other services ...................................................... 52 4 43 12 8 12 1 5

 Government wage and salary workers ....................... 66 15 50 5 – 21 20 –

1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had

lost or left between January 2013 and December 2015 because of plant or

company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their

positions or shifts.

2 Includes about 242,000 persons who did not report earnings on lost job. 3 Includes a small number who did not report industry.

 NOTE: Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 8. Total displaced workers1 by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2016

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

Workers who lost jobs

 Total, 20 years and over ....................................................... 7,440 100.0 66.5 16.9 16.5

20 to 24 years ........................................................................... 708 100.0 62.5 20.2 17.3

25 to 54 years ........................................................................... 4,972 100.0 71.3 17.1 11.5

55 to 64 years ........................................................................... 1,386 100.0 61.0 16.6 22.5

65 years and over ..................................................................... 374 100.0 30.8 9.7 59.4

 Men, 20 years and over ........................................................ 4,242 100.0 68.4 16.7 14.8

20 to 24 years ........................................................................... 441 100.0 62.4 20.5 17.1

25 to 54 years ........................................................................... 2,833 100.0 73.2 17.2 9.6

55 to 64 years ........................................................................... 761 100.0 64.6 14.7 20.6

65 years and over ..................................................................... 206 100.0 29.4 9.3 61.3

 Women, 20 years and over .................................................. 3,199 100.0 64.0 17.2 18.7

20 to 24 years ........................................................................... 267 100.0 62.7 19.6 17.6

25 to 54 years ........................................................................... 2,139 100.0 68.9 17.0 14.1

55 to 64 years ........................................................................... 625 100.0 56.5 18.8 24.7

65 years and over ..................................................................... 168 100.0 32.5 10.3 57.2

White ........................................................................................ 5,673 100.0 68.1 15.3 16.6

Black or African American ........................................................ 1,155 100.0 59.9 25.3 14.8

Asian ......................................................................................... 309 100.0 63.4 19.6 17.0

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ....................................................... 1,219 100.0 68.0 15.9 16.1

Reason for job loss

Plant or company closed down or moved ................................. 2,350 100.0 67.0 15.5 17.5

Insufficient work ........................................................................ 2,839 100.0 66.1 18.4 15.6

Position or shift abolished ......................................................... 2,252 100.0 66.7 16.7 16.6

Occupation of lost job 2

 Management, professional, and related occupations .............. 2,470 100.0 71.5 13.6 14.9

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations ........................................................................ 1,149 100.0 71.0 16.0 13.0

 Professional and related occupations .................................... 1,320 100.0 71.9 11.6 16.6

 Service occupations ................................................................ 949 100.0 65.8 15.7 18.5

 Sales and office occupations ................................................... 1,794 100.0 64.7 16.2 19.1

 Sales and related occupations .............................................. 759 100.0 66.2 15.9 17.9

 Office and administrative support occupations ...................... 1,035 100.0 63.6 16.4 19.9

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations ........................................................................ 878 100.0 67.3 21.3 11.4

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................ 22 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Construction and extraction occupations ............................... 567 100.0 68.8 20.5 10.8

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ 289 100.0 66.3 22.7 11.1

 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 1,082 100.0 63.1 20.0 16.9

 Production occupations ......................................................... 567 100.0 63.6 20.4 16.0

 Transportation and material moving occupations .................. 515 100.0 62.5 19.7 17.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Total displaced workers1 by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2016

(Numbers in thousands) — Continued

Characteristic Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

Industry and class of worker of lost job 2

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers .... 26 100.0 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers ................ 7,107 100.0 67.2 16.5 16.4

 Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers ................... 6,771 100.0 67.1 16.5 16.4

 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ................... 190 100.0 62.5 24.4 13.0

 Construction ..................................................................... 605 100.0 72.7 16.4 10.9

 Manufacturing ................................................................... 1,055 100.0 65.6 16.4 18.0

 Durable goods ............................................................. 665 100.0 65.6 15.7 18.7

 Nondurable goods ....................................................... 390 100.0 65.6 17.6 16.8

 Wholesale and retail trade ................................................ 1,081 100.0 62.7 17.1 20.2

 Transportation and utilities ............................................... 292 100.0 62.7 14.7 22.6

 Information ........................................................................ 260 100.0 68.4 20.4 11.2

 Financial activities ............................................................ 555 100.0 67.6 18.6 13.8

 Professional and business services ................................. 1,005 100.0 73.0 12.2 14.9

 Education and health services .......................................... 800 100.0 68.6 17.2 14.2

 Leisure and hospitality ...................................................... 614 100.0 62.5 17.9 19.6

 Other services .................................................................. 308 100.0 66.9 15.4 17.7

 Government wage and salary workers ................................... 337 100.0 68.5 14.8 16.6

1 Data refer to all persons (regardless of years of tenure on lost job)

who had lost or left a job between January 2013 and December 2015

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the

abolishment of their positions or shifts. 2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and

persons who did not report occupation, industry, or class of worker, not

shown separately. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African

American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as

Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.