For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, September 21, 2023 USDL-23-2025 

Technical information: (202) 691-6339 • atusinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/tus

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

UNPAID ELDERCARE IN THE UNITED STATES — 2021-2022

DATA FROM THE AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY

Fourteen percent of the civilian noninstitutional population age 15 and over, or 37.1 million people, 

provided unpaid eldercare, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. A little over one-fourth 

(28 percent) of eldercare providers engaged in unpaid eldercare on a given day, spending an average of 

3.6 hours providing this care. These estimates are averages for the 2-year period of 2021-22. 

Eldercare providers are defined as individuals who provide unpaid care to someone age 65 or older 

who needs help because of a condition related to aging. This care can be provided to household or 

nonhousehold members, as well as persons living in retirement homes or assisted care facilities. 

Eldercare can involve a range of care activities, such as assisting with grooming, preparing meals, and 

providing transportation. Eldercare also can involve providing companionship or being available to 

assist when help is needed, and thus it can be associated with nearly any activity.

Information about eldercare providers and the time they spend providing care are collected as part of the 

American Time Use Survey (ATUS). The ATUS is a continuous household survey that provides 

estimates on how people spend their time. For a description of ATUS data, concepts, and methodology, 

see the Technical Note.

Eldercare providers in 2021-22 

• Of the 37.1 million eldercare providers in the civilian noninstitutional population age 15 and over, 

the majority (59 percent) were women. (See table 1.)

• Individuals ages 45 to 54 (20 percent) and 55 to 64 (21 percent) were the most likely to provide 

eldercare, followed by those ages 65 and over (15 percent). (See table 1.)

• Fifty percent of eldercare providers had provided this care for 2 years or less, and 15 percent had 

provided care for 10 years or more. (See table 2.) 

• Nearly one-half of eldercare providers provided care at least several times a week, and almost onequarter provided care daily. (See table 2.) 

• Thirty-seven percent of eldercare providers cared for someone age 85 or older, while 15 percent 

provided care for someone age 65 to 69. (See table 2.) 
-2- 

• Over half of eldercare providers ages 25 to 34 cared for a grandparent, while the majority of 

providers ages 35 to 64 cared for a parent. Providers ages 65 and over were more likely than those in 

other age groups to care for a friend or neighbor. (See table 3.)

• Seventeen percent of eldercare providers cared solely for someone with whom they lived, and 81 

percent cared solely for someone with whom they did not live. (See table 2.) 

Time spent providing eldercare in 2021-22 

• On a given day, a little over one-fourth (28 percent) of eldercare providers engaged in eldercare. 

They spent an average of 3.6 hours in caregiving activities on days they provided care. (See table 4.)

• Compared with those in other age groups, eldercare providers who were ages 65 and older were the 

most likely to provide care on a given day (38 percent). On days they provided care, they spent 4.9 

hours doing so. (See table 4.)

• Those who provided eldercare for someone solely in their household were more than three times as 

likely to provide eldercare on a given day than those who provided care solely for someone living in 

another household—66 percent compared with 19 percent. They also spent more time providing this 

care on an average day—2.9 hours compared to 35 minutes a day. (See table 4.) 

• Eldercare providers who cared solely for a parent spent an average of 1 hour per day providing 

eldercare (includes days they did and did not provide care). (See table 4.) 

• Providers who were not employed spent more time providing eldercare (4.4 hours) than employed 

providers (2.8 hours) on days they provided care. (See table 4.)

• Among eldercare providers, women and men were about equally likely to provide eldercare on a 

given day—28 percent of female eldercare providers and 27 percent of male eldercare providers 

engaged in eldercare activities on an average day. On days they provided care, they spent the same 

amount of time providing this care (3.6 hours). (See table 4.)

Eldercare activities in 2021-22 

• On days they provided care, 40 percent of eldercare providers engaged in caregiving associated with 

household activities, spending on average 42 minutes per day in these activities. This includes 27 

percent of providers who engaged in eldercare associated with food preparation and cleanup and 15 

percent who provided eldercare associated with housework. (See table 5.) 

• Thirty-four percent of eldercare providers engaged in caregiving associated with leisure and sports 

on days they provided care, spending 1.1 hours per day in these activities. This includes 19 percent 

of eldercare providers who engaged in eldercare associated with socializing and communicating, 

spending 21 minutes per day in these activities. (See table 5.)
-3- 

Eldercare providers who were parents with children under age 18 living at home in 2021-22 

• There were 7.8 million eldercare providers who were parents of children living at home. Of these 

parents, about one-third (32 percent) had a child under age 6, and the remainder (68 percent) were 

parents whose youngest child was between the ages of 6 and 17. (See table 9.) 

• Fifty-seven percent of eldercare providers who were parents of children living at home provided care 

for their own parent. These persons sometimes are described as members of the “sandwich 

generation,” because they are in between two generations that require care. (See table 9.)

• Most (82 percent) eldercare providers who were parents were employed, and 71 percent were 

employed full time. Eighty-seven percent of fathers were employed full time, compared with 60 

percent of mothers. (See table 9.) 

• Thirteen percent of eldercare providers who were parents had no spouse or unmarried partner present 

in the household. (See table 9.) 

• Eldercare providers who were parents were less likely to provide daily care than the overall 

population of eldercare providers (14 percent compared with 24 percent) but just as likely to provide 

care several times a week (24 percent). (See tables 2 and 9.) 

• On a given day, 19 percent of eldercare providers who were also parents of children living at home 

engaged in eldercare. On days they provided eldercare, they spent 2.4 hours doing so. (See table 4.) 
Technical Note

The estimates in this release are from the American 

Time Use Survey (ATUS). The ATUS, which is conducted 

by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS), is a continuous survey about how individuals age 15 

and over spend their time. In the 2-year period of 2021–22, 

approximately 17,000 individuals were interviewed for the 

ATUS; of these, approximately 2,500 individuals were 

identified as eldercare providers. Data for the combined 

years of 2021–22 were used to facilitate a more in-depth 

analysis of eldercare. 

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 

relay services. 

Survey methodology 

 ATUS sample households are chosen from the 

households that completed their eighth (final) interview for 

the Current Population Survey (CPS), the nation’s monthly 

labor force survey. ATUS sample households are selected to 

ensure that estimates will be nationally representative of the 

civilian noninstitutional population. One individual age 15 or 

over—referred to as the designated person—is randomly 

chosen from each sampled household. This person is 

interviewed by telephone once about his or her activities on 

the day before the interview. 

All ATUS interviews are conducted using Computer 

Assisted Telephone Interviewing. Procedures are in place to 

collect information from the small number of households that 

did not provide a telephone number during the CPS 

interview. 

ATUS designated persons are preassigned a day of the 

week about which to report. Preassignment is designed to 

reduce variability in response rates across the week and to 

allow oversampling of weekend days so that accurate 

weekend day measures can be developed. Interviews occur 

on the day following the assigned day. For example, a person 

assigned to report about a Monday would be contacted on the 

following Tuesday. Ten percent of designated persons are 

assigned to report about each of the five weekdays. Twentyfive percent are assigned to report about each weekend day. 

Households are called for up to 8 consecutive weeks (for 

example, 8 Tuesdays) in order to secure an interview.

About the questionnaire 

In the time diary portion of the ATUS interview, survey 

respondents sequentially report activities they did between 4 

a.m. on the day before the interview until 4 a.m. on the day 

of the interview. For each activity, respondents are asked 

how long the activity lasted. For activities other than 

personal care activities (such as sleeping and grooming), 

interviewers also ask respondents where they were and who

was in the room with them (if at home) or who accompanied

 

them (if away from home). If respondents report doing more 

than one activity at a time, they are asked to identify which 

one was their main activity. If none can be identified, the 

interviewer records the first activity mentioned. After 

completing the time diary, interviewers ask additional 

questions, including questions to identify eldercare providers 

and activities done as eldercare. Questions on eldercare were 

added to the survey in 2011. 

After completing the interview, activity descriptions 

are assigned a single 6-digit code using the ATUS Coding 

Lexicon. The 3-tier coding system consists of 17 major 

activity categories, each with multiple second- and third-tier 

subcategories. These coding lexicon categories are then 

combined into composite categories for publication. 

Descriptions of categories shown in this release can be found 

in the Activity definitions section of this Technical Note. The 

ATUS Coding Lexicons can be accessed at 

www.bls.gov/tus/lexicons.htm.

Concepts and definitions

Average day. The average day measure reflects an 

average distribution across all persons in the reference 

population and all days of the week.

 

Average hours per day. The average number of hours 

spent in a 24-hour day (between 4 a.m. on the diary day and 

4 a.m. on the interview day) doing a specified activity.

• Average hours per day, population. The average 

number of hours per day is computed using all 

responses from a given population, including those 

of respondents who did not do a particular activity 

on their diary day. These estimates reflect how 

many population members engaged in an activity 

and the amount of time they spent doing it.

• Average hours per day, persons who did the 

activity. The average number of hours per day is 

computed using only responses from those who 

engaged in a particular activity on their diary day.

Condition related to aging. An ongoing ailment or 

physical or emotional limitation that typically affects older 

people, such as becoming more frail; having difficulty 

seeing, hearing, or physically moving; becoming more 

forgetful; tiring more quickly; or having specific medical 

ailments that are more common among older adults. It also 

refers to existing conditions that become progressively worse 

as one ages.

 

Diary day. The diary day is the day about which the 

respondent reports. For example, the diary day of a 

respondent interviewed on Tuesday is Monday.
Eldercare. Eldercare is providing unpaid care or 

assistance to an individual who needed help because of a 

condition related to aging. This care can be provided by a 

family member or non-family member. Care can be provided 

in the recipient’s home, the provider’s home, or a care 

facility such as a nursing home.

Eldercare can involve a range of care activities, such as 

assisting with grooming and feeding, preparing meals, 

arranging medical care, and providing transportation. 

Eldercare also can involve providing companionship or 

being available to assist when help is needed, and thus it can 

be associated with nearly any activity.

Estimates of the time spent providing eldercare are 

derived by summing the durations of activities during which 

respondents provided care or assistance for an adult who 

needed help because of a condition related to aging. These 

estimates never include times the respondent reported 

sleeping, grooming, or engaging in personal care services.

Eldercare provider. An individual who provided 

eldercare more than one time in the 3 to 4 months prior to the 

interview day. The time frame varies slightly by respondent 

because the question asks about care provided between the 

first day of a given reference month and the interview day. 

Estimates are restricted to eldercare providers caring for at 

least one person age 65 or older.

Employment status

• Employed. All persons who:

1) At any time during the 7 days prior to the 

interview did any work at all as paid employees, 

or worked in their own business, profession, or on 

their own farm; or 

2) Were not working during the 7 days prior to the 

interview but had jobs or businesses from which 

they were temporarily absent because of illness, 

bad weather, vacation, childcare problems, labormanagement disputes, maternity or paternity 

leave, job training, or other family or personal 

reasons, whether or not they were paid for the 

time off or were seeking other jobs; or

3) Usually worked 15 hours or more as unpaid 

workers in a family-operated enterprise.

• Employed full time. Full-time workers are those 

who usually worked 35 or more hours per week at 

all jobs combined.

• Employed part time. Part-time workers are those 

who usually worked fewer than 35 hours per week 

at all jobs combined.

• Not employed. Persons are not employed if they do 

not meet the conditions for employment. People 

who are not employed include those classified as 

unemployed as well as those classified as not in the 

labor force (using CPS definitions).

Household children. Household children are children 

under age 18 residing in the household of the ATUS 

respondent. The children may be related to the respondent 

(such as his or her own children, grandchildren, nieces or 

nephews, or brothers or sisters) or not related (such as foster 

children or children of roommates or boarders).

Primary activity. A primary activity is the main activity 

a respondent was doing at a specified time. 

Weekday, weekend, and holiday estimates. Estimates 

for weekdays are an average of reports about Monday 

through Friday, excluding holidays. Estimates for weekend 

days and holidays are an average of reports about Saturdays, 

Sundays, and the following holidays: New Year’s Day, 

Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, 

Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. Data were not 

collected about the Fourth of July in 2021 and Christmas Day 

in 2022.

Activity definitions

The following definitions describe the activities 

associated with eldercare appearing in this release. These are 

diary activities that survey respondents identified as ones 

during which they had provided care or assistance for an 

adult who needed help because of a condition related to 

aging. 

Eating and drinking. All time spent eating or drinking 

(except eating and drinking done as part of a work or 

volunteer activity) is classified here.

Household activities. Household activities are activities 

done by people to maintain their households. These include 

housework; cooking; lawn and garden care; pet care; vehicle 

maintenance and repair; home maintenance, repair, 

decoration, and renovation; and household management and 

organizational activities (such as filling out paperwork or 

planning a party). Food preparation, whether or not reported 

as done specifically for another household member, is 

always classified as a household activity unless it was done 

as a volunteer, work, or income-generating activity, or when 

done for a nonhousehold member. 

Purchasing goods and services. This category includes 

time spent obtaining, receiving, and purchasing consumer 

goods, professional services, household services, and 

government services. Consumer purchases include most 

purchases and rentals of consumer goods. Professional 

services refer to financial services and banking, legal 

services, medical and adult care services, real estate services, 

and veterinary services. Household services include 
housecleaning; cooking; lawn care and landscaping; pet care; 

tailoring, laundering, and dry cleaning; vehicle maintenance 

and repairs; and home repairs, maintenance, and 

construction. This category also captures the time spent 

obtaining government services—such as applying for food 

stamps—and purchasing government-required licenses or 

paying fines or fees.

Caring for and helping household members. Time 

spent doing activities to care for members of the household, 

regardless of relationship to the respondent or the physical or 

mental health status of the person being helped, is classified 

here. This category includes a range of activities done to 

benefit members of households, such as providing physical 

and medical care or obtaining medical services.

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members. This 

category includes time spent in activities done to care for or 

help individuals who do not live in the household. When 

done for or through an organization, time spent helping 

nonhousehold members is classified as volunteering, rather 

than as helping nonhousehold members.

Working and work-related activities. This category 

includes time spent working, doing activities as part of one's 

job, engaging in income-generating activities not as part of 

one's job, and job search activities. "Working" includes hours 

spent doing the specific tasks required of one's main or other 

job, regardless of location or time of day. "Work-related 

activities" include activities that are not obviously work but 

are done as part of one's job, such as having a business lunch 

and playing golf with clients. "Other income-generating 

activities" are those done "on the side" or under informal 

arrangement and are not part of a regular job. Such activities 

might include selling homemade crafts, maintaining a rental 

property, or having a yard sale. These activities are those for 

which people are paid or will be paid.

Organizational, civic, and religious activities. This 

category captures time spent volunteering for or through an 

organization, performing civic obligations, and participating 

in religious and spiritual activities. 

Leisure and sports. The leisure and sports category 

includes time spent in sports, exercise, and recreation; 

socializing and communicating; and other leisure activities. 

Sports, exercise, and recreation activities include 

participating in—as well as attending or watching—sports, 

exercise, and recreational activities. Recreational activities 

include yard games like croquet or horseshoes, as well as 

activities like billiards and dancing. Socializing and 

communicating includes face-to-face social communication 

and hosting or attending social functions. Leisure activities 

include watching television; reading; relaxing or thinking; 

playing computer, board, or card games; using a computer or 

the Internet for personal interest; playing or listening to 

music; and other activities, such as attending arts, cultural, 

and entertainment events.

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail. This category 

captures time spent in telephone communication and 

handling household or personal mail or e-mail. This category 

also includes texting and Internet voice and video calling.

Traveling. This category includes all travel, regardless 

of mode or purpose, as well as security procedures related to 

traveling.

Other activities, not elsewhere classified. This is a 

residual category intended to capture activities not elsewhere 

classified in each table. These might be ambiguous activities 

that could not be coded, missing activities, or activities that 

occurred very infrequently. Missing activities result when 

respondents do not remember what they did for a period of 

time, or when they consider an activity too private or 

personal to report. This category includes a small amount of 

time that was spent in educational activities, as no 

educational activities category appears in the tables.

Processing and estimation

After ATUS data are collected, they go through an 

editing and imputation procedure. Responses to CPS 

questions that are re-asked in the ATUS go through the 

regular CPS edit and imputation procedures. Some item 

nonresponses for questions unique to the ATUS also are 

imputed.

ATUS records are weighted quarterly to reduce bias in 

the estimates due to differences in sampling and response 

rates across subpopulations and days of the week. 

Specifically, the data are weighted to ensure the following:

• Weekdays represent about 5/7 of the weighted 

data, and weekend days represent about 2/7 of the 

weighted data for the population as a whole and for 

selected subpopulations. The actual proportions 

depend on the number of weekdays and weekend 

days in a given quarter.

• The sum of the weights is equal to the number of 

person-days in the quarter for the population as a 

whole and for selected subpopulations (the 

population times the number of days in the 

quarter).

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the ATUS are subject to both 

sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than 

the entire population, is surveyed, estimates differ from the 

true population values they represent. The component of this 

difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is 

known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by 

the standard error of the estimate.

Sample estimates from a given survey design are 

unbiased when an average of the estimates from all possible 

samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population 

value. In this case, the sample estimate and its standard error 

can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, 

or ranges of values that include the true population value 
with known probabilities. If the process of selecting a sample 

from the population were repeated many times, an estimate 

made from each sample, and a suitable estimate of its 

standard error calculated for each sample, then 

approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.645 

standard errors below the estimate to 1.645 standard errors 

above the estimate would include the true population value. 

BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level 

of confidence.

The ATUS data also are affected by nonsampling error, 

which is the average difference between population and 

sample values for samples generated by a given process. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the 

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to 

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability 

or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data. Errors also could occur if nonresponse is 

correlated with time use.

Nonsampling error and eldercare. Eldercare done for a 

spouse or partner may be underreported, especially when the 

care provided has only recently become necessary. For 

example, a survey respondent who has always prepared the 

family dinner may not view cooking as an eldercare activity; 

if her husband is no longer capable of preparing his own

meals, though, he depends on this assistance and it meets the 

definition of eldercare.

 Additionally, nonsampling error affects data on the 

frequency of care. Survey respondents were asked how often 

they provided eldercare in recent months and whether they 

provided eldercare on the diary day. Information about care 

provided on the diary day was used to calculate daily 

participation rates. There are some inconsistencies between

the reported frequency of care and the actual provision of 

eldercare on an average day. For example, in 2021-2022, 

only 65 percent of eldercare providers who self-reported 

providing care "daily" actually provided eldercare on an 

average day. This discrepancy reflects some respondents’ 

choice of "daily" rather than "several times a week" or 

another option to best describe their eldercare frequency, 

even while acknowledging they had not provided care on the 

diary day.

ATUS publication standards

Estimates of average hours per day and participation 

rates are not published unless there are a minimum number 

of respondents representing the given population. Additional 

publication criteria are applied that include the number of 

respondents who reported doing a specified activity and the 

standard error or coefficient of variation for the estimate. 

Estimates that are considered "close to zero" or that round to 

0.00, are published as approximately zero. For a detailed 

description of the statistical reliability criteria necessary for

publication, please contact ATUS staff at 

ATUSinfo@bls.gov.
Table 1. Number and percent of the U.S. population who were eldercare providers by sex and selected characteristics, 

years 2021-2022

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Total Men 

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Eldercare providers Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Eldercare providers C

no

po

Number Percent of population Number Percent of population 

Age

Total, 15 years and over................................................. 266,998 37,106 13.9 129,998 15,216 11.7 1

15 to 24 years.......................................................... 41,896 3,623 8.6 21,285 1,973 9.3 25 to 34 years.......................................................... 44,459 3,236 7.3 22,179 1,428 6.4 35 to 44 years.......................................................... 42,421 5,031 11.9 21,020 2,125 10.1 45 to 54 years.......................................................... 39,749 7,941 20.0 19,520 2,950 15.1 55 to 64 years.......................................................... 42,014 8,911 21.2 20,404 3,797 18.6 65 years and over...................................................... 56,459 8,365 14.8 25,590 2,943 11.5 

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1

White..................................................................... 209,161 30,313 14.5 102,789 12,680 12.3 1Black or African American............................................ 33,638 4,646 13.8 15,371 1,673 10.9 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity........................................... 46,635 3,613 7.7 23,383 1,320 5.6 

Employment status

Employed................................................................ 166,262 22,772 13.7 88,148 10,166 11.5 

Full-time workers.................................................... 132,562 18,424 13.9 74,564 8,616 11.6 Part-time workers.................................................... 33,700 4,348 12.9 13,584 1,550 11.4 

Not employed........................................................... 100,736 14,334 14.2 41,850 5,050 12.1 

Educational attainment, 25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma..................................... 18,797 1,491 7.9 9,557 724 7.6 

High school graduates, no college................................... 64,559 8,591 13.3 33,019 3,952 12.0 Some college or associate degree................................... 48,841 7,891 16.2 22,603 2,829 12.5 Bachelor’s degree and higher........................................ 92,905 15,511 16.7 43,534 5,738 13.2 

Parent of household children under 18 years

Parent of one or more household children......................... 66,261 7,836 11.8 30,433 3,118 10.2 

Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger. . . . . .. 36,677 5,344 14.6 16,673 2,011 12.1 Parent of a household child under age 6........................ 29,584 2,493 8.4 13,759 1,107 8.0 

Not a parent of a household child................................... 200,737 29,270 14.6 99,566 12,098 12.2 1

Marital status

No spouse or unmarried partner present in household........... 115,066 14,594 12.7 54,135 6,189 11.4 Spouse or unmarried partner present in household............... 151,932 22,513 14.8 75,864 9,028 11.9 

1 Not all race categories are shown. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for perage 65 or older. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.
Table 2. Eldercare providers by sex and selected characteristics related to care provided, averages for the combined ye

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Eldercare providers

Total Men 

Number Percent Number Percent 

Total, 15 years and over......................................................................... 37,106 100.0 15,216 100.0 

Parent of household children under 18 years

Parent of one or more household children.................................................. 7,836 21.1 3,118 20.5 

Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger............................... 5,344 14.4 2,011 13.2 

Parent of a household child under age 6................................................. 2,493 6.7 1,107 7.3 

Not a parent of a household child............................................................ 29,270 78.9 12,098 79.5 

Number of care recipients

Caring for one person......................................................................... 26,389 71.1 10,915 71.7 

Caring for two persons........................................................................ 7,941 21.4 3,100 20.4 Caring for three or more persons............................................................ 2,776 7.5 1,202 7.9 

Relationship to care recipient

Total, all eldercare providers.................................................................. 37,106 –

1 15,216 –

1 

Caring for a spouse or unmarried partner

2............................................... 2,803 7.6 957 6.3 

Caring for a parent.......................................................................... 17,165 46.3 6,847 45.0 

Caring for a grandparent

3.................................................................. 5,561 15.0 2,476 16.3 

Caring for another related person......................................................... 8,475 22.8 3,699 24.3 

Caring for a friend or neighbor............................................................. 5,450 14.7 2,026 13.3 Caring for someone else.................................................................... 1,571 4.2 521 3.4 

Eldercare providers caring for one person only............................................ 26,389 100.0 10,915 100.0 

Caring for a spouse or unmarried partner

2............................................... 2,563 9.7 899 8.2 

Caring for a parent.......................................................................... 11,522 43.7 4,726 43.3 

Caring for a grandparent

3.................................................................. 3,813 14.4 1,822 16.7 

Caring for another related person......................................................... 4,640 17.6 2,190 20.1 

Caring for a friend or neighbor............................................................. 3,171 12.0 1,050 9.6 Caring for someone else.................................................................... 680 2.6 228 2.1 

Age of care recipient

Total, all eldercare providers.................................................................. 37,106 –

1 15,216 –

1 

Caring for someone age 65 to 69......................................................... 5,559 15.0 2,323 15.3 Caring for someone age 70 to 74......................................................... 7,267 19.6 2,940 19.3 Caring for someone age 75 to 79......................................................... 8,403 22.6 3,660 24.1 Caring for someone age 80 to 84......................................................... 8,494 22.9 3,306 21.7 Caring for someone age 85 or older...................................................... 13,739 37.0 5,349 35.2 

Eldercare providers caring for one person only............................................ 26,389 100.0 10,915 100.0 

Caring for someone age 65 to 69......................................................... 3,350 12.7 1,474 13.5 Caring for someone age 70 to 74......................................................... 4,042 15.3 1,626 14.9 Caring for someone age 75 to 79......................................................... 4,891 18.5 2,360 21.6 Caring for someone age 80 to 84......................................................... 4,800 18.2 1,751 16.0 Caring for someone age 85 or older...................................................... 9,307 35.3 3,704 33.9 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Eldercare providers by sex and selected characteristics related to care provided, averages for the combined ye

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Eldercare providers

Total Men 

Number Percent Number Percent 

Care of household or nonhousehold members

Provided eldercare to household member(s) only......................................... 6,464 17.4 2,888 19.0 

Provided eldercare to nonhousehold member(s) only..................................... 30,212 81.4 12,178 80.0 

Provided eldercare to both household and nonhousehold person(s).................... 430 1.2 150 1.0 

Frequency of care

4

Provided care daily............................................................................. 9,022 24.3 3,605 23.7 

Provided care several times a week......................................................... 8,916 24.0 3,810 25.0 

Provided care once a week................................................................... 5,967 16.1 2,495 16.4 

Provided care several times a month........................................................ 7,787 21.0 3,086 20.3 

Provided care once a month.................................................................. 3,712 10.0 1,604 10.5 Other............................................................................................. 1,702 4.6 616 4.0 

Duration of care

5

Provided care for less than 1 year........................................................... 8,190 22.1 3,106 20.4 

Provided care for 1 to 2 years................................................................ 10,200 27.5 4,071 26.8 

Provided care for 3 to 4 years................................................................ 6,252 16.8 2,574 16.9 

Provided care for 5 to 9 years................................................................ 6,796 18.3 2,945 19.4 

Provided care for 10 years or more.......................................................... 5,669 15.3 2,520 16.6 

1 Categories sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers cared for more than one person.2 Care for a spouse or unmarried partner may be underreported. See the Technical Note for more information.3 Refers only to persons caring for a grandparent who did not live with them. Persons caring for a grandparent with whom they lived are included in the category 4 Survey participants were asked how often they provided care in the past 3 to 4 months; this information was used to categorize them by frequency of care.5 For persons who provided eldercare to more than 1 person, the duration of care is calculated based on the person for whom they had cared the longest.NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for perage 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.
Table 3. Eldercare providers by relationship to care recipient and selected characteristics of eldercare providers, averag

2021-2022

Characteristic

Number of

eldercare

providers (in

thousands)

Percent of eldercare providers car

A spouse or

unmarried

partner

2

A parent A grandparent

3 Another rel

person

Age

Total, 15 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,106 7.6 46.3 15.0 22.8 

15 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,623 0.6 7.5 –

4 13.6 

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,236 –

5 32.1 56.6 12.7 

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,031 –

5 60.2 18.1 26.1 

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,941 1.1 70.8 3.7 24.9 

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,911 4.2 60.1 0.3 24.8 

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,365 27.7 22.1 0.1 24.8 

Sex

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,216 6.3 45.0 16.3 24.3 

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,890 8.4 47.1 14.1 21.8 

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

6

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,313 7.8 46.4 14.4 22.8 

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,646 7.4 45.2 16.7 21.7 

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,613 6.7 51.4 14.3 18.0 

Employment status

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,772 2.5 55.1 16.1 23.2 

Full-time workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,424 2.1 58.4 14.2 23.3 Part-time workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,348 4.1 41.0 24.3 22.7 

Not employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,334 15.6 32.2 13.2 22.3 

Educational attainment, 25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,491 –

4

–

4 4.8 13.8 

High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,591 10.8 49.5 10.4 19.8 

Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,891 7.8 49.2 10.3 21.8 Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,511 6.1 52.9 8.3 28.1 

Parent of household children under 18 years

Parent of one or more household children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,836 0.1 56.9 19.9 26.1 

Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,344 0.1 62.4 13.9 27.8 Parent of a household child under age 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,493 –

5 45.0 32.9 22.4 

Not a parent of a household child. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,270 9.6 43.4 13.7 22.0 

Marital status

No spouse or unmarried partner present in household. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,594 1.0 44.1 25.4 13.7 Spouse or unmarried partner present in household. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,513 11.8 47.6 8.2 28.8 

1 Categories sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers cared for multiple persons with whom they had different relationships.2 Care for a spouse or unmarried partner may be underreported. See the Technical Note for more information.3 Refers only to persons caring for a grandparent who did not live with them. Persons caring for a grandparent with whom they lived are included in the category ′′Another related perso4 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.5 Estimate is approximately zero.6 Not all race categories are shown. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for persons who cared for at lotherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.
Table 4. Percent of eldercare providers who provided care on an average day and time spent providing this care by day 

characteristics, averages for the combined years 2021-2022

Characteristic

Number of

eldercare

providers

(in

thousands)

Percent of eldercare providers who

provided care on an average day

Average hours per day eldercare

providers spent providing care

Total, all

days Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Total, all

days Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Age

Total, 15 years and over................................... 37,106 27.5 27.4 27.7 0.99 1.00 0.95 

15 to 24 years.............................................. 3,623 15.4 –

1

–

1 0.38 –

1

–

1 

25 to 34 years.............................................. 3,236 22.2 –

1

–

1 0.35 –

1

–

1 

35 to 44 years.............................................. 5,031 20.6 21.4 17.7 0.56 0.59 0.45 45 to 54 years.............................................. 7,941 24.2 22.5 28.2 0.56 0.47 0.77 55 to 64 years.............................................. 8,911 30.9 31.4 29.5 1.26 1.37 1.02 65 years and over......................................... 8,365 38.4 39.3 36.0 1.86 1.96 1.60 

Sex

Men.............................................................. 15,216 26.9 28.1 23.9 0.97 0.99 0.93 Women.......................................................... 21,890 27.8 26.9 30.2 0.99 1.00 0.97 

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2

White............................................................ 30,313 26.4 26.2 27.1 0.92 0.94 0.87 Black or African American................................. 4,646 33.1 34.1 30.3 1.55 1.45 1.83 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................ 3,613 30.5 –

1

–

1 0.79 0.69 1.02 

Employment status

Employed....................................................... 22,772 22.0 21.8 22.6 0.61 0.61 0.61 

Full-time workers.......................................... 18,424 20.1 19.2 22.7 0.53 0.49 0.64 Part-time workers......................................... 4,348 30.1 –

1 22.3 0.91 1.15 0.51 

Not employed................................................. 14,334 36.1 36.1 36.1 1.59 1.61 1.53 

Educational attainment, 25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma........................ 1,491 –

1

–

1

–

1

–

1

–

1

–

1 

High school graduates, no college...................... 8,591 34.5 34.0 35.7 1.39 1.38 1.42 Some college or associate degree...................... 7,891 29.5 29.7 28.9 1.05 1.05 1.06 Bachelor’s degree and higher............................ 15,511 23.3 22.7 24.8 0.75 0.78 0.68 

Parent of household children under 18 years

Parent of one or more household children............ 7,836 18.7 20.7 13.9 0.44 0.50 0.32 

Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none

younger................................................... 5,344 21.8 24.3 15.3 0.57 0.66 0.32 

Parent of a household child under age 6........... 2,493 12.1 12.4 11.3 0.18 –

1

–

1 

Not a parent of a household child....................... 29,270 29.8 29.1 31.6 1.13 1.13 1.14 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Percent of eldercare providers who provided care on an average day and time spent providing this care by day 

characteristics, averages for the combined years 2021-2022

— Continued

Characteristic

Number of

eldercare

providers

(in

thousands)

Percent of eldercare providers who

provided care on an average day

Average hours per day eldercare

providers spent providing care

Total, all

days Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Total, all

days Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Marital status

No spouse or unmarried partner present in

household................................................... 14,594 29.6 28.4 32.4 0.88 0.78 1.11 

Spouse or unmarried partner present in

household................................................... 22,513 26.1 26.7 24.5 1.06 1.14 0.85 

Number of care recipients

Caring for one person....................................... 26,389 30.2 29.7 31.4 1.12 1.11 1.14 Caring for two persons..................................... 7,941 20.7 22.8 15.0 0.70 0.78 0.48 Caring for three or more persons........................ 2,776 20.5 18.8 25.4 0.57 –

1

–

1 

Relationship to care recipient

3

Eldercare providers caring for one person only...... 26,389 30.2 29.7 31.4 1.12 1.11 1.14 

Caring for a spouse or unmarried partner

4........ 2,563 66.3 69.3 –

1 4.04 4.26 3.47 

Caring for a parent........................................ 11,522 30.9 29.0 35.4 0.95 0.83 1.23 Caring for a grandparent

5............................... 3,813 19.0 15.6 –

1

–

1

–

1

–

1

Caring for another related person.................... 4,640 24.8 26.0 22.3 0.90 0.90 0.90 Caring for a friend or neighbor........................ 3,171 15.8 16.3 14.5 0.42 –

1 0.19 

Age of care recipient

Eldercare providers caring for one person only...... 26,389 30.2 29.7 31.4 1.12 1.11 1.14 

Caring for someone age 65 to 69.................... 3,350 35.9 –

1 24.9 1.54 1.59 –

1 

Caring for someone age 70 to 74.................... 4,042 29.7 –

1 28.9 1.33 1.29 1.44 

Caring for someone age 75 to 79.................... 4,891 30.6 32.0 27.4 1.20 1.27 1.04 Caring for someone age 80 to 84.................... 4,800 29.2 26.2 –

1 0.71 0.63 0.93 

Caring for someone age 85 or older................. 9,307 28.7 26.5 33.8 1.04 1.01 1.09 

Care of household or nonhousehold members

3

Provided eldercare to household member(s) only... 6,464 65.7 67.7 60.5 2.88 2.80 3.11 Provided eldercare to nonhousehold member(s)

only............................................................ 30,212 18.8 18.2 20.5 0.58 0.61 0.49 

Frequency of care

6

Provided care daily.......................................... 9,022 65.4 66.4 63.0 2.83 2.86 2.73 Provided care several times a week.................... 8,916 26.9 27.4 25.7 0.72 0.74 0.67 Provided care once a week............................... 5,967 13.3 12.5 15.3 0.29 –

1 0.28 

Provided care several times a month................... 7,787 12.4 10.7 16.8 0.33 –

1 0.40 

Provided care once a month.............................. 3,712 2.3 1.4 4.4 –

1

–

1

–

1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Percent of eldercare providers who provided care on an average day and time spent providing this care by day 

characteristics, averages for the combined years 2021-2022

— Continued

Characteristic

Number of

eldercare

providers

(in

thousands)

Percent of eldercare providers who

provided care on an average day

Average hours per day eldercare

providers spent providing care

Total, all

days Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Total, all

days Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Duration of care

7

Provided care for less than 1 year...................... 8,190 21.1 21.5 20.4 0.93 0.97 0.85 Provided care for 1 to 2 years............................ 10,200 29.5 29.4 29.7 0.97 1.00 0.86 Provided care for 3 to 4 years............................ 6,252 25.7 24.4 28.9 0.87 0.78 1.07 Provided care for 5 to 9 years............................ 6,796 27.9 27.9 28.1 1.15 1.20 1.01 Provided care for 10 years or more..................... 5,669 34.3 33.9 –

1 1.04 1.02 1.10 

1 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.2 Not all race categories are shown. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.3 Not all categories are shown.4 Care for a spouse or unmarried partner may be underreported. See the Technical Note for more information.5 Refers only to persons caring for a grandparent who did not live with them. Persons caring for a grandparent with whom they lived are includ

another related person.′′

6 Survey participants were asked how often they provided care in the past 3 to 4 months; this information was used to categorize them by freq

and percent estimates were measured using information about care provided on the diary day. Not all categories are shown.

7 For persons who provided eldercare to more than one person, the duration of care is calculated based on the person for whom they had care

NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were for at least one person age 65 or older. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.
Table 5. Time spent providing eldercare and percent of eldercare providers engaging in caregiving by sex and caregivin

combined years 2021-2022

Caregiving activity

Eldercare providers

Percent distribution of time spent in

selected eldercare activities On days they prov

Total Men Women

Percent who engaged in

caregiving activity

1 

Total Men Women 

Total, activities reported as care done for those age 65 and

over...................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 –

1

–

1

–

1 

Eating and drinking.................................................... 6.3 6.8 6.0 23.0 25.8 21.1 

Household activities.................................................... 19.5 21.1 18.5 39.9 42.5 38.1 

Housework........................................................... 6.1 6.2 6.1 15.0 15.6 14.6 

Food preparation and cleanup..................................... 8.6 6.8 9.7 26.9 25.2 28.0 Lawn and garden care.............................................. 1.7 3.2 0.7 2.7 4.3 1.6 

Household management............................................ 0.9 0.5 1.2 5.5 4.4 6.3 

Purchasing goods and services...................................... 3.3 2.2 4.1 12.8 8.3 15.9 

Caring for and helping household members........................ 12.4 9.1 14.6 22.4 19.9 24.1 

Caring for household adults........................................ 11.3 7.9 13.6 19.1 15.7 21.3 

Physical care for household adults............................. 7.6 3.3 10.5 12.6 10.3 14.2 

Providing medical care to household adults................... 0.6 0.3 0.9 7.1 3.9 9.3 

Helping household adults........................................... 0.7 0.2 1.0 4.4 4.1 4.7 

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members................... 11.7 9.1 13.5 25.4 19.5 29.4 

Caring for nonhousehold adults................................... 5.7 5.9 5.6 10.3 6.2 13.1 

Physical care for nonhousehold adults........................ 2.0 1.4 2.4 4.3 1.8 6.0 Providing medical care to nonhousehold adults.............. 0.4 0.2 0.5 3.2 2.2 3.9 

Helping nonhousehold adults...................................... 5.8 3.1 7.7 17.6 14.4 19.8 

Housework, cooking, and shopping assistance for

nonhousehold adults........................................... 2.2 0.5 3.4 6.9 2.1 10.1 

House and lawn maintenance and repair assistance for

nonhousehold adults........................................... 1.4 1.7 1.2 3.6 5.9 2.1 

Picking up and dropping off nonhousehold adults............ 0.4 0.2 0.5 5.3 3.4 6.6 

Working and work-related activities.................................. 3.9 2.1 5.1 2.8 2.0 3.4 

Organizational, civic, and religious activities....................... 2.4 4.2 1.1 3.5 4.6 2.7 Leisure and sports..................................................... 31.5 39.1 26.4 34.0 37.1 31.9 

Socializing and communicating.................................... 9.6 8.4 10.5 18.6 20.3 17.4 Watching TV......................................................... 15.5 21.3 11.6 14.3 16.8 12.6 Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation................. 0.7 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.3 1.6 

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail.................................... 1.5 0.5 2.2 6.5 2.7 9.0 Traveling................................................................ 5.1 4.0 5.8 24.6 20.3 27.5 

Other activities, not elsewhere classified........................... 2.3 1.8 2.7 5.1 3.3 6.4 

1 Percents sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers did more than one care activity on days they provided care.2 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for perage 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.
Table 6. Time spent providing eldercare and percent of eldercare providers engaging in caregiving by day of week and 

for the combined years 2021-2022

Caregiving activity

Eldercare providers

Percent distribution of time spent in

selected eldercare activities On days they prov

Total Weekdays Weekends and holidays

Percent who engaged in

caregiving activity

1 

Total Weekdays Weekends and holidays 

Total, activities reported as care done for those age 65 and

over...................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 –

1

–

1

–

1 

Eating and drinking.................................................... 6.3 5.5 8.6 23.0 22.1 25.1 

Household activities.................................................... 19.5 18.9 21.2 39.9 39.6 40.5 

Housework........................................................... 6.1 6.1 6.2 15.0 16.3 11.9 

Food preparation and cleanup..................................... 8.6 7.8 10.6 26.9 26.0 29.0 Lawn and garden care.............................................. 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.7 2.9 2.3 

Household management............................................ 0.9 1.0 0.7 5.5 5.8 4.8 

Purchasing goods and services...................................... 3.3 3.3 3.4 12.8 13.7 10.8 Caring for and helping household members........................ 12.4 15.4 4.4 22.4 25.8 13.8 

Caring for household adults........................................ 11.3 14.1 3.9 19.1 22.1 11.6 

Physical care for household adults............................. 7.6 9.4 3.0 12.6 14.1 9.0 

Providing medical care to household adults................... 0.6 0.7 0.4 7.1 8.2 4.5 

Helping household adults........................................... 0.7 0.8 0.3 4.4 5.4 2.1 

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members................... 11.7 12.1 10.5 25.4 22.5 32.7 

Caring for nonhousehold adults................................... 5.7 6.7 3.2 10.3 10.6 9.7 

Physical care for nonhousehold adults........................ 2.0 2.0 1.9 4.3 4.0 5.1 

Providing medical care to nonhousehold adults.............. 0.4 0.3 0.4 3.2 3.2 3.3 

Helping nonhousehold adults...................................... 5.8 5.4 6.9 17.6 15.3 23.4 

Housework, cooking, and shopping assistance for

nonhousehold adults........................................... 2.2 2.1 2.5 6.9 6.3 8.4 

House and lawn maintenance and repair assistance for

nonhousehold adults........................................... 1.4 1.3 1.9 3.6 3.5 3.9 

Picking up and dropping off nonhousehold adults............ 0.4 0.3 0.6 5.3 4.2 8.2 

Working and work-related activities.................................. 3.9 5.1 0.6 2.8 3.5 1.2 

Organizational, civic, and religious activities....................... 2.4 2.5 2.0 3.5 3.6 3.1 Leisure and sports..................................................... 31.5 27.3 42.8 34.0 33.5 35.3 

Socializing and communicating.................................... 9.6 8.3 13.0 18.6 19.0 17.7 

Watching TV......................................................... 15.5 13.6 20.4 14.3 13.6 16.1 Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation................. 0.7 0.5 1.2 1.5 1.2 2.2 

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail.................................... 1.5 1.8 0.9 6.5 6.8 5.6 Traveling................................................................ 5.1 5.5 4.1 24.6 25.3 22.8 

Other activities, not elsewhere classified........................... 2.3 2.7 1.4 5.1 5.3 4.8 

1 Percents sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers did more than one care activity on days they provided care.2 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for perage 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.
Table 7. Percent of eldercare providers and time spent in caregiving on days they provided care by frequency of care a

averages for the combined years 2021-2022

Caregiving activity

Percent of eldercare providers who engaged in caregiving

activities, on days they provided care

1

Average hours per da

care on day

Total

Frequency of care

2

Total

Daily Several times per week Once a week or less Da

Total, activities reported as care done for those age 65 and over........ –

1

–

1

–

1

–

1 3.59 4

Eating and drinking........................................................... 23.0 31.6 9.3 13.6 0.23 0

Household activities.......................................................... 39.9 49.2 –

3 20.0 0.70 1

Housework.................................................................. 15.0 18.4 –

3 6.3 0.22 0

Food preparation and cleanup............................................ 26.9 38.5 14.5 6.6 0.31 0Lawn and garden care..................................................... 2.7 3.4 0.8 3.0 0.06 0Household management.................................................. 5.5 4.2 10.1 3.8 0.03 0

Purchasing goods and services............................................. 12.8 11.8 16.5 10.4 0.12 0Caring for and helping household members.............................. 22.4 34.7 3.8 7.6 0.44 0

Caring for household adults............................................... 19.1 30.9 3.3 2.3 0.41 0

Physical care for household adults.................................... 12.6 21.7 0.2 –

4

–

3

–

3

Providing medical care to household adults......................... 7.1 11.8 1.0 0.3 0.02 0

Helping household adults................................................. 4.4 6.1 0.6 4.0 0.02 0

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members.......................... 25.4 14.4 36.5 –

3 0.42 0

Caring for nonhousehold adults.......................................... 10.3 6.6 14.2 16.4 0.21 0

Physical care for nonhousehold adults............................... 4.3 2.4 6.2 6.9 0.07 0Providing medical care to nonhousehold adults..................... 3.2 2.9 4.2 3.1 0.01 0

Helping nonhousehold adults............................................. 17.6 8.5 27.7 33.9 0.21 0

Housework, cooking, and shopping assistance for nonhousehold

adults................................................................... 6.9 4.3 11.2 9.8 0.08 0

House and lawn maintenance and repair assistance for

nonhousehold adults.................................................. 3.6 1.4 4.5 9.6 0.05 –

3 

Picking up and dropping off nonhousehold adults.................. 5.3 1.9 9.0 11.5 0.01 –

3 

Working and work-related activities........................................ 2.8 1.6 5.3 3.7 0.14 –

3

Organizational, civic, and religious activities.............................. 3.5 3.1 5.8 1.6 0.09 0Leisure and sports............................................................ 34.0 36.5 34.6 24.8 1.13 1

Socializing and communicating........................................... 18.6 13.9 28.1 20.4 0.35 0

Watching TV................................................................ 14.3 22.3 4.0 2.4 0.56 0

Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation....................... 1.5 1.8 1.0 1.1 0.02 0

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail........................................... 6.5 7.4 3.8 7.1 0.05 0Traveling....................................................................... 24.6 20.0 32.9 27.8 0.18 0Other activities, not elsewhere classified.................................. 5.1 6.6 2.8 3.6 0.08 0

1 Percents sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers did more than one care activity on days they provided care.

2 Survey participants were asked how often they provided care in the past 3 to 4 months; this information was used to categorize them by frequency of care.3 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.4 Estimate is approximately zero.NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were calculated for perage 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.
Table 8. Percent of eldercare providers who cared for one person only by age of eldercare recipient and caregiving acti

combined years 2021-2022

Caregiving activity

Percent of eldercare providers who c

on days they provid

Total Age o

65 to 74 

Total, activities reported as care done for those age 65 and over........................................ –

1

–

1

Eating and drinking.................................................................................................. 24.9

–

2 

Household activities................................................................................................. 43.4

–

2 

Housework.......................................................................................................... 16.3

–

2 

Food preparation and cleanup................................................................................ 29.9 32.8 Lawn and garden care.......................................................................................... 2.8 3.2 Household management........................................................................................ 6.5 5.1 

Purchasing goods and services.................................................................................. 12.9 13.7 Caring for and helping household members................................................................. 24.4

–

2 

Caring for household adults.................................................................................... 22.0

–

2 

Physical care for household adults....................................................................... 15.2 21.1 

Providing medical care to household adults............................................................ 8.5 12.8 

Helping household adults....................................................................................... 3.3 5.3 

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members............................................................ 22.8 12.0 

Caring for nonhousehold adults............................................................................... 8.9 5.5 

Physical care for nonhousehold adults.................................................................. 3.8 3.2 

Providing medical care to nonhousehold adults....................................................... 2.7 3.6 

Helping nonhousehold adults.................................................................................. 15.9 7.0 

Housework, cooking, and shopping assistance for nonhousehold adults...................... 6.7 2.8 House and lawn maintenance and repair assistance for nonhousehold adults............... 3.5 1.2 Picking up and dropping off nonhousehold adults.................................................... 4.1 1.4 

Working and work-related activities............................................................................. 2.0 2.7 Organizational, civic, and religious activities................................................................. 3.0 2.4 Leisure and sports................................................................................................... 36.7

–

2 

Socializing and communicating............................................................................... 19.4 14.3 

Watching TV....................................................................................................... 16.7 23.2 Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation.......................................................... 1.7 2.5 

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail............................................................................... 6.7 3.9 

Traveling............................................................................................................... 23.0 19.2 Other activities, not elsewhere classified...................................................................... 5.6 10.5 

1 Percents sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers did more than one care activity on days they provided care.2 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.

NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.
Table 9. Number and percent of eldercare providers who were parents of household children under age 18 by sex and s

averages for the combined years 2021-2022

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Eldercare providers with children under age 1

Total Men 

Number Percent Number Percent 

Parent of household children under 18 years

Total, parent of one or more household children.................................. 7,836 100.0 3,118 100.0 

Parent of a household child age 6 to 17, none younger...................... 5,344 68.2 2,011 64.5 

Parent of a household child under age 6......................................... 2,493 31.8 1,107 35.5 

Employment status

Employed..................................................................................... 6,454 82.4 2,841 91.1 

Full-time workers........................................................................ 5,550 70.8 2,707 86.8 

Part-time workers........................................................................ 904 11.5 134 4.3 

Not employed................................................................................ 1,382 17.6 277 8.9 

Marital status

No spouse or unmarried partner present in household.......................... 1,045 13.3 247 7.9 

Spouse or unmarried partner present in household.............................. 6,791 86.7 2,871 92.1 

Number of care recipients

Caring for one person..................................................................... 4,717 60.2 1,984 63.6 

Caring for two persons.................................................................... 2,449 31.2 832 26.7 

Caring for three or more persons...................................................... 671 8.6 303 9.7 

Relationship to care recipient

Total, all eldercare providers............................................................ 7,836

–

1 3,118

–

1 

Caring for a spouse or unmarried partner

2....................................... 6 0.1

–

3

–

4

Caring for a parent...................................................................... 4,458 56.9 1,843 59.1 Caring for a grandparent

5............................................................. 1,562 19.9 398 12.8 

Caring for another related person................................................... 2,044 26.1 846 27.1 Caring for a friend or neighbor....................................................... 680 8.7 312 10.0 

Caring for someone else.............................................................. 288 3.7 118 3.8 

Age of care recipient

Total, all eldercare providers............................................................ 7,836

–

1 3,118

–

1 

Caring for someone age 65 to 69................................................... 1,908 24.3 767 24.6 

Caring for someone age 70 to 74................................................... 2,139 27.3 874 28.0 

Caring for someone age 75 to 79................................................... 1,916 24.5 848 27.2 

Caring for someone age 80 to 84................................................... 1,917 24.5 622 20.0 

Caring for someone age 85 or older............................................... 1,925 24.6 712 22.8 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Number and percent of eldercare providers who were parents of household children under age 18 by sex and s

averages for the combined years 2021-2022 — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Eldercare providers with children under age 1

Total Men 

Number Percent Number Percent 

Care of household or nonhousehold members

6

Provided eldercare to household member(s) only................................. 669 8.5 262 8.4 

Provided eldercare to nonhousehold member(s) only............................ 7,168 91.5 2,857 91.6 

Frequency of care

7

Provided care daily......................................................................... 1,093 13.9 394 12.6 

Provided care several times a week.................................................. 1,865 23.8 884 28.4 

Provided care once a week.............................................................. 1,634 20.9 571 18.3 

Provided care several times a month................................................. 1,769 22.6 616 19.7 Provided care once a month............................................................ 1,100 14.0 536 17.2 

Other........................................................................................... 376 4.8 117 3.8 

Duration of care

8

Provided care for less than 1 year..................................................... 1,725 22.0 645 20.7 Provided care for 1 to 2 years.......................................................... 2,218 28.3 822 26.4 Provided care for 3 to 4 years.......................................................... 1,269 16.2 480 15.4 

Provided care for 5 to 9 years.......................................................... 1,467 18.7 585 18.7 

Provided care for 10 years or more................................................... 1,157 14.8 586 18.8 

1 Categories sum to more than 100 percent because some eldercare providers cared for more than one person.2 Care for a spouse or unmarried partner may be underreported. See the Technical Note for more information.3 Estimate is less than 0.05 percent of the population.4 Estimate is approximately zero.5 Refers only to persons caring for a grandparent who did not live with them. Persons caring for a grandparent with whom they lived are includ

another related person.′′

6 Not all categories are shown.7 Survey participants were asked how often they provided care in the past 3 to 4 months; this information was used to categorize them by freq8 For persons who provided eldercare to more than 1 person, the duration of care is calculated based on the person for whom they had cared 

NOTE: Eldercare providers are those who, in the previous 3 to 4 months, cared for someone with a condition related to aging. Estimates were for at least one person age 65 or older. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.