Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-20-0379 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, March 6, 2020

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

(NOTE: BLS reissued this news release on September 23, 2020, to address minor data errors 

associated with the introduction in January 2020 of a new occupation classification system. The 

corrections affected a limited number of data series presented in tables A-8, A-9, A-13, and A-14 

of this release; for the vast majority of these series, the impact was negligible. Most major series, 

including the official unemployment rate, were not affected. Estimates in the BLS online database 

were corrected for January–July 2020. For more information on these corrections, see

www.bls.gov/bls/errata/revision-to-current-population-survey-estimates-for-January-throughJuly-2020.htm .) 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — FEBRUARY 2020

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 273,000 in February, and the unemployment rate was 

little changed at 3.5 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains 

occurred in health care and social assistance, food services and drinking places, government, 

construction, professional and technical services, and financial activities. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

Feb-18 May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Feb-19 May-19 Aug-19 Nov-19 Feb-20

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

February 2018 – February 2020

Percent

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Feb-18 May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Feb-19 May-19 Aug-19 Nov-19 Feb-20

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, February 2018 – February 2020
 

-2-

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 3.5 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 5.8 million, 

changed little in February. The unemployment rate has been either 3.5 percent or 3.6 percent for the past 

6 months. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Asians declined to 2.5 percent in 

February. The rates for adult men (3.3 percent), adult women (3.1 percent), teenagers (11.0 percent), 

Whites (3.1 percent), Blacks (5.8 percent), and Hispanics (4.4 percent) showed little or no change over 

the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.1 million, changed 

little in February and accounted for 19.2 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate remained at 63.4 percent in February. The employment-population 

ratio, at 61.1 percent, changed little over the month but was up by 0.4 percentage point over the year. 

(See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.3 million, changed little in 

February. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time

because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

In February, 1.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little changed from the 

previous month. These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and 

had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks prior to 

the survey. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were 

available for them, numbered 405,000 in February, little different from the previous month. (See 

Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 273,000 in February, after an increase of the same 

magnitude in January. In 2019, job growth averaged 178,000 per month. In February, notable job gains 

occurred in health care and social assistance, food services and drinking places, government, 

construction, professional and technical services, and financial activities. (See table B-1.) 

Employment in health care and social assistance increased by 57,000 in February. Health care added 

32,000 jobs, with gains in offices of physicians (+10,000), home health care services (+10,000), and 

hospitals (+8,000). Employment in social assistance increased by 25,000, with a majority of the gain in 

individual and family services (+18,000). Over the past 12 months, employment increased by 368,000 in 

health care and by 191,000 in social assistance. 

Food services and drinking places added 53,000 jobs in February. Employment in the industry has 

increased by 252,000 over the past 7 months, following a lull in job growth earlier in 2019. 
 

-3-

In February, government employment increased by 45,000, led by a gain in state government education

(+16,000). Federal employment increased by 8,000, reflecting the hiring of 7,000 temporary workers for 

the 2020 Census. 

Construction added 42,000 jobs in February, following a similar gain in January (+49,000). In 2019, 

job gains averaged 13,000 per month. In February, employment gains occurred in specialty trade 

contractors (+26,000) and residential building (+10,000). 

In February, employment in professional and technical services increased by 32,000. Job growth 

occurred in architectural and engineering services (+10,000) and in scientific research and development 

services (+5,000). Employment continued to trend up in computer systems design and related services 

(+8,000). Over the past 12 months, professional and technical services has added 285,000 jobs. 

Employment in financial activities increased by 26,000 in February, with gains in real estate (+8,000)

and in credit intermediation and related activities (+6,000). Over the past 12 months, financial activities 

has added 160,000 jobs. 

Employment in other major industries, including mining, manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail 

trade, transportation and warehousing, and information, changed little over the month. 

In February, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 9 

cents to $28.52. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 3.0 percent. 

Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 8 

cents to $23.96 in February. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.1 hour to 34.4 hours in 

February. In manufacturing, the workweek increased by 0.2 hour to 40.7 hours, and overtime edged up 

by 0.1 hour to 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised up by 37,000 from 

+147,000 to +184,000, and the change for January was revised up by 48,000 from +225,000 to 

+273,000. With these revisions, employment gains in December and January combined were 85,000 

higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from 

businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of 

seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have averaged 243,000 per month over the last 3 months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for March is scheduled to be released on Friday, April 3, 2020, at 8:30 

a.m. (EDT).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

Change from:

Jan. 2020-

Feb. 2020

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 258,392 260,181 259,502 259,628 126

Civilian labor force........................................................... 163,047 164,556 164,606 164,546 -60

Participation rate.......................................................... 63.1 63.2 63.4 63.4 0.0

Employed................................................................... 156,866 158,803 158,714 158,759 45

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.7 61.0 61.2 61.1 -0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 6,181 5,753 5,892 5,787 -105

Unemployment rate.................................................... 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 95,345 95,625 94,896 95,082 186

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.3 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.1 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 13.3 12.6 12.2 11.0 -1.2

White.......................................................................... 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 0.0

Black or African American.................................................. 6.9 5.9 6.0 5.8 -0.2

Asian.......................................................................... 3.1 2.5 3.0 2.5 -0.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.4 0.1

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 0.0

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.7 0.2

High school graduates, no college........................................ 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.6 -0.2

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.1 2.7 2.8 3.0 0.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.9 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 2,863 2,686 2,665 2,723 58

Job leavers...................................................................... 841 829 836 777 -59

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,902 1,655 1,838 1,803 -35

New entrants.................................................................... 619 551 557 505 -52

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,169 2,065 2,059 2,013 -46

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,809 1,730 1,755 1,803 48

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 928 812 887 825 -62

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,279 1,186 1,166 1,102 -64

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,302 4,148 4,182 4,318 136

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,779 2,657 2,655 2,776 121

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,349 1,215 1,294 1,317 23

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 21,196 21,586 22,154 22,175 21

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,403 1,230 1,342 1,440 98

Discouraged workers........................................................ 431 289 337 405 68

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 184 273 273

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6 164 222 228

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -29 5 27 61

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5 -9 -2 4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -29 16 49 42

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 -2 -20 15

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 -11 11

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 2.0 -8.2 6.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 -2 -9 4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 159 195 167

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 6.9 5.6 -2.6

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -29.3 41.4 -5.8 -7.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 -2.1 29.8 -4.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.5 0.7 -1.0 0.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 9 11 4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 10 10 26

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 22 25 41

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.6 4.5 -2.6 -3.3

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 29 72 54

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.9 25.3 42.6 56.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -23 40 38 51

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 10 4

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 20 51 45

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 210 239 243

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 200 211 205

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 50.0 50.0 50.0

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 48.7 48.7 48.7

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.2 82.2 82.2

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.3 34.3 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $27.69 $28.37 $28.43 $28.52

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $952.54 $973.09 $975.15 $981.09

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.2 111.4 111.5 112.1

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 0.2 0.1 0.5

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.9 151.0 151.6 152.8

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 58.1 57.0 58.7

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 50.7 47.4 54.6

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 697,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 

(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258,392 259,502 259,628 258,392 259,845 260,020 260,181 259,502 259,628

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162,793 163,497 164,235 163,047 164,401 164,347 164,556 164,606 164,546

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 63.0 63.3 63.1 63.3 63.2 63.2 63.4 63.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,167 156,994 158,017 156,866 158,544 158,536 158,803 158,714 158,759

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.4 60.5 60.9 60.7 61.0 61.0 61.0 61.2 61.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,625 6,504 6,218 6,181 5,857 5,811 5,753 5,892 5,787

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,599 96,004 95,393 95,345 95,444 95,673 95,625 94,896 95,082

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,196 5,107 4,973 5,206 4,756 4,832 4,832 4,904 4,962

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,965 125,513 125,575 124,965 125,687 125,773 125,852 125,513 125,575

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,056 86,331 86,597 86,399 86,901 87,104 87,049 87,088 87,008

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.9 68.8 69.0 69.1 69.1 69.3 69.2 69.4 69.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,311 82,701 83,047 83,066 83,776 84,018 84,034 83,940 83,871

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 65.9 66.1 66.5 66.7 66.8 66.8 66.9 66.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,745 3,629 3,549 3,333 3,126 3,086 3,015 3,147 3,137

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,909 39,183 38,979 38,566 38,786 38,669 38,803 38,426 38,568

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,513 117,110 117,181 116,513 117,242 117,331 117,413 117,110 117,181

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,435 83,600 83,804 83,588 83,911 84,057 84,008 84,087 84,001

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 71.4 71.5 71.7 71.6 71.6 71.5 71.8 71.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,117 80,358 80,592 80,677 81,196 81,377 81,390 81,345 81,202

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.8 68.6 68.8 69.2 69.3 69.4 69.3 69.5 69.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,318 3,241 3,212 2,911 2,715 2,679 2,618 2,743 2,799

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,078 33,511 33,377 32,925 33,330 33,274 33,405 33,023 33,180

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,427 133,988 134,053 133,427 134,158 134,247 134,329 133,988 134,053

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,737 77,167 77,638 76,648 77,500 77,243 77,507 77,518 77,538

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 57.6 57.9 57.4 57.8 57.5 57.7 57.9 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,857 74,292 74,970 73,800 74,769 74,518 74,769 74,774 74,888

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 55.4 55.9 55.3 55.7 55.5 55.7 55.8 55.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,880 2,874 2,668 2,848 2,731 2,725 2,738 2,744 2,651

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,690 56,822 56,415 56,779 56,658 57,004 56,822 56,470 56,514

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,177 125,770 125,841 125,177 125,907 125,998 126,082 125,770 125,841

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,942 74,320 74,768 73,667 74,542 74,291 74,584 74,512 74,501

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.1 59.1 59.4 58.8 59.2 59.0 59.2 59.2 59.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,396 71,785 72,413 71,169 72,130 71,881 72,200 72,097 72,179

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 57.1 57.5 56.9 57.3 57.0 57.3 57.3 57.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,546 2,535 2,355 2,497 2,411 2,411 2,383 2,415 2,323

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,235 51,450 51,073 51,511 51,365 51,706 51,498 51,258 51,340

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,702 16,622 16,606 16,702 16,696 16,692 16,686 16,622 16,606

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,416 5,578 5,663 5,792 5,948 5,999 5,964 6,007 6,043

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 33.6 34.1 34.7 35.6 35.9 35.7 36.1 36.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,655 4,851 5,012 5,019 5,218 5,278 5,213 5,273 5,378

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.9 29.2 30.2 30.1 31.3 31.6 31.2 31.7 32.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761 727 651 773 730 721 752 734 665

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 13.0 11.5 13.3 12.3 12.0 12.6 12.2 11.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,286 11,044 10,943 10,909 10,748 10,693 10,722 10,614 10,562

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,447 200,918 200,968 200,447 201,172 201,254 201,326 200,918 200,968

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,102 126,487 126,954 126,276 127,122 127,191 127,197 127,288 127,146

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 63.0 63.2 63.0 63.2 63.2 63.2 63.4 63.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,628 122,058 122,669 122,119 123,028 123,077 123,175 123,332 123,189

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 60.8 61.0 60.9 61.2 61.2 61.2 61.4 61.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,475 4,429 4,285 4,157 4,094 4,115 4,022 3,957 3,957

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,345 74,431 74,014 74,172 74,050 74,063 74,129 73,630 73,821

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,925 65,925 66,057 66,037 66,115 66,204 66,076 66,279 66,153

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 71.6 71.7 71.9 71.7 71.8 71.6 72.0 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,636 63,599 63,767 64,067 64,173 64,247 64,238 64,341 64,204

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 69.1 69.2 69.8 69.6 69.7 69.6 69.9 69.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,289 2,326 2,290 1,970 1,941 1,957 1,839 1,938 1,950

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,042 56,255 56,477 55,782 56,399 56,299 56,429 56,324 56,247

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 58.2 58.4 57.9 58.3 58.2 58.3 58.3 58.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,365 54,639 54,914 54,114 54,755 54,666 54,827 54,807 54,692

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.4 56.5 56.8 56.1 56.6 56.5 56.6 56.7 56.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,677 1,616 1,563 1,668 1,644 1,633 1,602 1,517 1,555

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,135 4,308 4,420 4,456 4,608 4,688 4,692 4,686 4,746

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 35.3 36.3 36.3 37.6 38.3 38.4 38.4 39.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,627 3,821 3,988 3,938 4,099 4,164 4,111 4,184 4,294

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.6 31.3 32.7 32.1 33.5 34.0 33.6 34.3 35.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 487 432 518 509 524 581 502 452

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 11.3 9.8 11.6 11.0 11.2 12.4 10.7 9.5

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,897 33,184 33,211 32,897 33,152 33,184 33,215 33,184 33,211

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,441 20,702 20,833 20,557 20,704 20,675 20,949 20,790 20,946

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 62.4 62.7 62.5 62.5 62.3 63.1 62.6 63.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,944 19,327 19,530 19,140 19,571 19,527 19,712 19,549 19,730

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.6 58.2 58.8 58.2 59.0 58.8 59.3 58.9 59.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,497 1,375 1,303 1,417 1,133 1,148 1,238 1,241 1,216

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 6.6 6.3 6.9 5.5 5.6 5.9 6.0 5.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,457 12,482 12,379 12,341 12,448 12,509 12,266 12,395 12,266

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,333 9,351 9,408 9,410 9,485 9,504 9,591 9,445 9,499

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.6 67.0 67.3 68.2 68.0 68.1 68.6 67.6 68.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,595 8,754 8,779 8,744 9,003 9,019 9,034 8,918 8,945

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 62.7 62.8 63.3 64.6 64.6 64.6 63.9 64.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738 597 629 667 482 485 557 526 554

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 6.4 6.7 7.1 5.1 5.1 5.8 5.6 5.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,358 10,662 10,726 10,362 10,494 10,445 10,625 10,617 10,721

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 63.5 63.9 62.4 62.6 62.3 63.3 63.3 63.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,793 10,049 10,194 9,819 9,984 9,929 10,094 10,067 10,207

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.9 59.9 60.7 59.1 59.6 59.2 60.1 60.0 60.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565 613 532 544 511 516 530 550 514

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 5.7 5.0 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.2 4.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 690 698 784 724 727 734 728 725

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.3 28.3 28.7 31.7 29.5 29.6 29.9 29.8 29.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 524 556 577 584 579 583 564 578

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 21.5 22.9 23.3 23.8 23.6 23.8 23.1 23.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 166 142 206 141 147 151 164 148

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9 24.0 20.3 26.3 19.4 20.3 20.6 22.5 20.4

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,055 16,178 16,421 16,055 16,399 16,558 16,482 16,178 16,421

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,383 10,259 10,596 10,366 10,713 10,705 10,478 10,332 10,574

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.7 63.4 64.5 64.6 65.3 64.7 63.6 63.9 64.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,053 9,932 10,327 10,046 10,409 10,429 10,214 10,017 10,312

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 61.4 62.9 62.6 63.5 63.0 62.0 61.9 62.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 327 268 320 305 276 264 315 262

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.2 2.5 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.5 3.0 2.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,672 5,920 5,825 5,688 5,686 5,852 6,004 5,847 5,848

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 43,127 43,742 43,820 43,127 43,814 43,902 43,986 43,742 43,820

Civilian labor force................................ 28,631 29,572 29,750 28,746 29,482 29,575 29,517 29,672 29,852

Participation rate............................... 66.4 67.6 67.9 66.7 67.3 67.4 67.1 67.8 68.1

Employed....................................... 27,270 28,066 28,311 27,499 28,279 28,339 28,286 28,397 28,531

Employment-population ratio............... 63.2 64.2 64.6 63.8 64.5 64.6 64.3 64.9 65.1

Unemployed.................................... 1,361 1,506 1,438 1,248 1,203 1,236 1,231 1,275 1,322

Unemployment rate......................... 4.8 5.1 4.8 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4

Not in labor force................................. 14,496 14,170 14,071 14,380 14,332 14,327 14,468 14,070 13,968

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,628 16,096 15,985 15,688 15,841 15,983 15,875 16,114 16,035

Participation rate............................... 80.3 81.5 80.8 80.6 80.1 80.6 79.9 81.6 81.1

Employed....................................... 14,953 15,362 15,355 15,127 15,310 15,498 15,393 15,571 15,519

Employment-population ratio............... 76.8 77.8 77.6 77.7 77.4 78.2 77.5 78.9 78.5

Unemployed.................................... 675 734 630 561 531 485 483 543 516

Unemployment rate......................... 4.3 4.6 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,806 12,222 12,460 11,793 12,318 12,196 12,293 12,242 12,441

Participation rate............................... 59.9 61.1 62.2 59.9 61.5 60.8 61.1 61.2 62.1

Employed....................................... 11,328 11,637 11,839 11,328 11,834 11,675 11,736 11,701 11,834

Employment-population ratio............... 57.5 58.2 59.1 57.5 59.1 58.2 58.4 58.5 59.1

Unemployed.................................... 478 585 622 465 485 521 558 541 607

Unemployment rate......................... 4.0 4.8 5.0 3.9 3.9 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,197 1,253 1,305 1,265 1,323 1,396 1,349 1,316 1,377

Participation rate............................... 30.2 31.4 32.6 31.9 33.0 34.8 33.6 32.9 34.4

Employed....................................... 988 1,066 1,118 1,043 1,135 1,166 1,157 1,125 1,177

Employment-population ratio............... 24.9 26.7 27.9 26.3 28.3 29.0 28.8 28.1 29.4

Unemployed.................................... 209 187 187 222 188 230 191 191 199

Unemployment rate......................... 17.4 14.9 14.3 17.5 14.2 16.5 14.2 14.5 14.5

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 9,903 9,657 9,341 10,267 9,783 9,761 9,895 9,621 9,710

Participation rate.................................. 45.4 46.1 46.0 47.0 47.2 46.5 46.5 45.9 47.8

Employed.......................................... 9,243 8,946 8,670 9,721 9,240 9,245 9,379 9,090 9,160

Employment-population ratio................. 42.4 42.7 42.7 44.5 44.6 44.1 44.0 43.4 45.1

Unemployed....................................... 660 711 671 546 543 516 516 531 550

Unemployment rate............................ 6.7 7.4 7.2 5.3 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.7

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,153 35,878 36,278 36,203 36,263 36,178 36,094 36,230 36,309

Participation rate.................................. 58.1 58.1 58.3 58.1 57.8 58.0 58.5 58.7 58.3

Employed.......................................... 34,632 34,299 34,793 34,847 34,928 34,850 34,764 34,861 34,986

Employment-population ratio................. 55.6 55.6 55.9 56.0 55.6 55.9 56.3 56.5 56.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,521 1,579 1,484 1,357 1,335 1,328 1,330 1,369 1,323

Unemployment rate............................ 4.2 4.4 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.6

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,234 37,211 37,291 37,222 37,585 37,478 37,509 37,283 37,325

Participation rate.................................. 65.4 64.5 64.7 65.3 64.8 64.7 64.7 64.6 64.8

Employed.......................................... 35,956 36,088 36,061 36,050 36,515 36,393 36,491 36,243 36,209

Employment-population ratio................. 63.1 62.5 62.6 63.3 63.0 62.9 63.0 62.8 62.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,278 1,124 1,230 1,172 1,069 1,085 1,018 1,040 1,116

Unemployment rate............................ 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.8 3.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 59,139 60,237 60,589 58,401 59,555 59,924 59,938 60,176 59,894

Participation rate.................................. 74.3 73.8 74.0 73.4 73.9 74.0 73.5 73.7 73.1

Employed.......................................... 57,860 59,015 59,411 57,139 58,319 58,750 58,778 59,002 58,736

Employment-population ratio................. 72.7 72.3 72.5 71.8 72.3 72.5 72.1 72.3 71.7

Unemployed....................................... 1,279 1,222 1,177 1,262 1,235 1,174 1,160 1,174 1,158

Unemployment rate............................ 2.2 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2020

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,965 18,608 17,087 16,711 1,878 1,897

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,377 9,221 8,221 8,058 1,156 1,163

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 49.6 48.1 48.2 61.5 61.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,121 8,892 8,003 7,772 1,117 1,120

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 47.8 46.8 46.5 59.5 59.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 329 218 286 38 43

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 3.6 2.7 3.6 3.3 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,588 9,387 8,866 8,653 722 734

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,289 4,314 3,598 3,553 692 761

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,458 3,446 2,963 2,877 495 570

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.6 79.9 82.4 81.0 71.6 74.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,340 3,291 2,866 2,737 474 554

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.9 76.3 79.7 77.0 68.5 72.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 155 97 140 21 16

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.5 3.3 4.8 4.3 2.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831 868 635 677 196 191

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,051 3,190 2,526 2,701 524 489

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,378 2,453 2,012 2,127 366 327

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.9 76.9 79.6 78.7 69.8 66.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,327 2,397 1,966 2,084 361 313

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.3 75.2 77.8 77.2 68.9 63.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 56 46 42 5 14

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.3 4.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673 736 515 574 158 162

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,366 6,974 7,113 6,731 253 243

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,535 1,441 1,473 1,401 62 40

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.8 20.7 20.7 20.8 24.5 16.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,512 1,384 1,454 1,350 59 35

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.5 19.9 20.4 20.1 23.2 14.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 57 20 51 3 6

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 3.9 1.3 3.6 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,831 5,533 5,640 5,330 191 203

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,259 4,130 3,850 3,726 409 404

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,006 1,880 1,773 1,654 233 226

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.1 45.5 46.1 44.4 56.9 56.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,941 1,819 1,718 1,600 224 219

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.6 44.0 44.6 43.0 54.7 54.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 61 56 54 9 8

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.9 3.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,253 2,250 2,077 2,072 176 178

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230,460 232,297 103,302 104,503 127,157 127,794

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,531 153,043 76,901 77,659 74,630 75,383

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 65.9 74.4 74.3 58.7 59.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,482 147,349 73,556 74,499 71,926 72,850

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 63.4 71.2 71.3 56.6 57.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,049 5,693 3,345 3,160 2,705 2,533

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.7 4.3 4.1 3.6 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,928 79,255 26,401 26,844 52,527 52,411

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2020

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,355 30,972 228,037 228,657

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,347 6,420 156,446 157,815

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.9 20.7 68.6 69.0

Employed............................................................................. 5,770 5,918 150,397 152,100

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 19.0 19.1 66.0 66.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 576 502 6,049 5,715

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.1 7.8 3.9 3.6

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,008 24,552 71,591 70,842

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,831 2,752 77,549 77,725

Participation rate..................................................................... 36.4 35.9 82.7 83.0

Employed............................................................................. 2,519 2,483 74,302 74,654

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 32.4 32.4 79.2 79.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 312 269 3,247 3,070

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.0 9.8 4.2 4.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,938 4,920 16,220 15,917

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,333 2,414 69,485 70,138

Participation rate..................................................................... 30.2 31.7 71.7 72.5

Employed............................................................................. 2,130 2,236 66,966 67,799

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 27.6 29.4 69.1 70.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 203 178 2,519 2,339

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.7 7.4 3.6 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,396 5,198 27,414 26,624

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,183 1,253 9,412 9,952

Participation rate..................................................................... 8.0 8.0 25.2 26.0

Employed............................................................................. 1,122 1,199 9,129 9,646

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.6 7.6 24.4 25.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 61 55 283 306

Unemployment rate............................................................... 5.2 4.4 3.0 3.1

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,674 14,434 27,957 28,300

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2020

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 43,455 42,956 21,237 20,865 22,218 22,091

Civilian labor force.................................................. 28,892 28,719 16,572 16,375 12,320 12,344

Participation rate.................................................. 66.5 66.9 78.0 78.5 55.4 55.9

Employed.......................................................... 27,817 27,697 16,002 15,880 11,815 11,817

Employment-population ratio................................. 64.0 64.5 75.3 76.1 53.2 53.5

Unemployed....................................................... 1,075 1,022 570 495 505 527

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.0 4.1 4.3

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,563 14,237 4,665 4,490 9,898 9,747

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 214,937 216,673 103,728 104,710 111,209 111,962

Civilian labor force.................................................. 133,901 135,516 69,484 70,222 64,417 65,294

Participation rate.................................................. 62.3 62.5 67.0 67.1 57.9 58.3

Employed.......................................................... 128,351 130,320 66,309 67,167 62,041 63,153

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.7 60.1 63.9 64.1 55.8 56.4

Unemployed....................................................... 5,550 5,196 3,175 3,054 2,375 2,141

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.1 3.8 4.6 4.3 3.7 3.3

Not in labor force.................................................... 81,036 81,157 34,244 34,489 46,792 46,668

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,344 2,273 2,334 2,488 2,473 2,356 2,533 2,404 2,467

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,572 1,656 1,706 1,704 1,651 1,661 1,849 1,741 1,831

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 757 592 612 773 793 692 684 647 645

Unpaid family workers........................... 15 25 16 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 153,824 154,720 155,683 154,354 155,970 156,167 156,241 156,345 156,281

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 145,148 146,037 146,868 145,554 147,118 147,275 147,431 147,483 147,353

Government..................................... 21,032 21,694 21,438 20,616 21,513 21,342 21,323 21,475 21,039

Private industries............................... 124,116 124,343 125,430 124,850 125,812 125,996 126,069 125,960 126,192

Private households.......................... 796 801 781 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 123,321 123,542 124,649 124,045 124,979 125,157 125,250 125,152 125,397

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,638 8,633 8,771 8,757 8,811 8,856 8,821 8,801 8,889

Unpaid family workers........................... 38 50 45 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,561 4,732 4,600 4,302 4,397 4,288 4,148 4,182 4,318

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,986 3,057 3,037 2,779 2,747 2,634 2,657 2,655 2,776

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,295 1,340 1,288 1,349 1,278 1,259 1,215 1,294 1,317

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,807 21,929 22,902 21,196 21,544 21,532 21,586 22,154 22,175

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,477 4,605 4,501 4,220 4,306 4,221 4,111 4,091 4,225

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,933 2,962 2,966 2,731 2,684 2,599 2,613 2,580 2,719

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,291 1,337 1,282 1,345 1,267 1,254 1,209 1,308 1,313

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,411 21,564 22,473 20,810 21,137 21,163 21,180 21,787 21,770

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,167 156,994 158,017 156,866 158,544 158,536 158,803 158,714 158,759

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,655 4,851 5,012 5,019 5,218 5,278 5,213 5,273 5,378

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,565 1,774 1,776 1,748 1,851 1,978 1,874 1,949 1,972

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,090 3,077 3,236 3,247 3,411 3,315 3,339 3,311 3,401

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,512 152,143 153,005 151,846 153,326 153,258 153,590 153,441 153,381

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,821 13,795 14,069 14,043 14,362 14,112 14,142 14,214 14,278

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,691 138,348 138,936 137,881 139,023 139,176 139,426 139,215 139,188

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,574 101,005 101,152 100,811 101,437 101,517 101,653 101,487 101,426

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,512 35,915 36,038 35,566 36,070 36,190 36,230 36,129 36,123

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,965 33,255 33,273 33,101 33,390 33,293 33,406 33,412 33,402

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,098 31,835 31,841 32,144 31,978 32,033 32,017 31,945 31,901

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,117 37,343 37,784 37,070 37,585 37,660 37,773 37,728 37,762

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,311 82,701 83,047 83,066 83,776 84,018 84,034 83,940 83,871

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,194 2,343 2,455 2,389 2,580 2,640 2,644 2,596 2,669

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751 757 776 866 899 929 876 860 891

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,443 1,586 1,679 1,537 1,694 1,717 1,766 1,733 1,784

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,117 80,358 80,592 80,677 81,196 81,377 81,390 81,345 81,202

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,006 7,045 7,126 7,163 7,208 7,157 7,152 7,307 7,272

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,111 73,313 73,466 73,572 73,986 74,224 74,217 74,057 73,982

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,539 53,412 53,415 53,860 53,952 54,101 54,005 53,840 53,770

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,002 18,973 19,038 19,115 19,312 19,413 19,364 19,145 19,175

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,760 17,713 17,734 17,903 17,875 17,890 17,881 17,884 17,874

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,777 16,726 16,643 16,841 16,765 16,797 16,761 16,810 16,720

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,572 19,901 20,052 19,712 20,034 20,124 20,212 20,217 20,213

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,857 74,292 74,970 73,800 74,769 74,518 74,769 74,774 74,888

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,461 2,508 2,557 2,630 2,639 2,637 2,568 2,677 2,709

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 1,017 1,000 883 952 1,049 999 1,089 1,081

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,648 1,491 1,557 1,710 1,717 1,598 1,573 1,578 1,616

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,396 71,785 72,413 71,169 72,130 71,881 72,200 72,097 72,179

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,815 6,750 6,944 6,881 7,154 6,955 6,990 6,907 7,006

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,580 65,035 65,469 64,308 65,037 64,952 65,208 65,158 65,206

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,035 47,593 47,737 46,951 47,486 47,416 47,648 47,647 47,657

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,510 16,942 17,001 16,451 16,758 16,777 16,866 16,984 16,949

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,205 15,542 15,539 15,197 15,514 15,403 15,525 15,528 15,528

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,321 15,109 15,198 15,303 15,214 15,236 15,256 15,135 15,180

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,545 17,442 17,733 17,358 17,551 17,536 17,561 17,510 17,549

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,664 45,949 45,855 45,871 45,971 46,059 46,177 46,257 46,067

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,731 36,926 36,811 36,477 36,657 36,581 36,631 36,869 36,597

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,596 9,553 9,771 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,836 129,379 129,734 130,115 131,518 131,561 131,755 131,099 131,109

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,331 27,615 28,283 26,917 26,992 26,958 26,992 27,529 27,726

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,823 8,083 8,181 7,683 8,132 8,107 7,946 8,152 8,070

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 5.1 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.1

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,072 6,472 6,467 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,395 9,226 9,382 9,530 9,604 9,548 9,506 9,448 9,534

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 6,181 5,892 5,787 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5

16 to 19 years..................................... 773 734 665 13.3 12.3 12.0 12.6 12.2 11.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 339 260 214 16.2 14.0 12.6 13.7 11.8 9.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 453 473 464 12.2 11.3 11.7 12.1 12.5 12.0

20 years and over................................ 5,408 5,158 5,122 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,085 1,012 972 7.2 6.2 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.4

25 years and over.............................. 4,352 4,153 4,168 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9

25 to 54 years............................... 3,310 3,154 3,152 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 1,480 1,397 1,371 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7

35 to 44 years............................. 890 946 955 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8

45 to 54 years............................. 940 811 827 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5

55 years and over........................... 1,035 1,000 1,003 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.6

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,333 3,147 3,137 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 422 405 338 15.0 13.7 13.4 13.0 13.5 11.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 190 144 108 18.0 14.4 14.1 14.6 14.4 10.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 251 256 243 14.0 13.2 13.0 12.8 12.9 12.0

20 years and over................................ 2,911 2,743 2,799 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3

20 to 24 years.................................. 584 533 519 7.5 7.5 7.3 7.2 6.8 6.7

25 years and over.............................. 2,324 2,227 2,278 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 1,756 1,683 1,707 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 761 783 771 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.9

35 to 44 years............................. 480 476 507 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.8

45 to 54 years............................. 516 425 429 3.0 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5

55 years and over........................... 568 544 571 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.2 2.6 2.7

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,848 2,744 2,651 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 351 330 328 11.8 10.8 10.6 12.1 11.0 10.8

16 to 17 years.................................. 149 115 105 14.5 13.6 11.3 12.9 9.6 8.9

18 to 19 years.................................. 202 217 221 10.6 9.4 10.2 11.3 12.1 12.0

20 years and over................................ 2,497 2,415 2,323 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1

20 to 24 years.................................. 501 478 453 6.8 4.8 5.5 5.5 6.5 6.1

25 years and over.............................. 2,028 1,926 1,891 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8

25 to 54 years............................... 1,553 1,471 1,445 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9

25 to 34 years............................. 719 614 599 4.2 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4

35 to 44 years............................. 410 470 447 2.6 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8

45 to 54 years............................. 424 386 398 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.6

55 years and over........................... 466 438 430 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 899 804 925 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.7 2.0

Married women, spouse present1................. 855 796 814 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2

Women who maintain families2.................... 496 545 423 4.9 5.4 4.8 4.2 5.4 4.1

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 5,020 4,744 4,710 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,147 1,171 1,065 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.7

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,300 3,267 3,151 2,863 2,691 2,804 2,686 2,665 2,723

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,088 1,109 1,069 828 772 768 807 742 801

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,212 2,158 2,082 2,036 1,919 2,036 1,880 1,923 1,922

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,406 1,403 1,358 1,304 1,260 1,422 1,295 1,289 1,279

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 806 755 723 732 659 614 585 634 644

Job leavers........................................... 840 830 766 841 846 776 829 836 777

Reentrants............................................ 1,908 1,907 1,839 1,902 1,698 1,663 1,655 1,838 1,803

New entrants......................................... 577 500 462 619 622 581 551 557 505

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 49.8 50.2 50.7 46.0 45.9 48.1 46.9 45.2 46.9

On temporary layoff.............................. 16.4 17.1 17.2 13.3 13.2 13.2 14.1 12.6 13.8

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 33.4 33.2 33.5 32.7 32.8 35.0 32.9 32.6 33.1

Job leavers........................................... 12.7 12.8 12.3 13.5 14.4 13.3 14.5 14.2 13.4

Reentrants............................................ 28.8 29.3 29.6 30.6 29.0 28.6 28.9 31.2 31.0

New entrants......................................... 8.7 7.7 7.4 9.9 10.6 10.0 9.6 9.4 8.7

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1

New entrants......................................... 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,085 2,468 1,939 2,169 1,978 2,026 2,065 2,059 2,013

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,137 1,925 2,161 1,809 1,747 1,753 1,730 1,755 1,803

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,403 2,110 2,117 2,207 2,144 2,083 1,998 2,053 1,927

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,031 893 932 928 884 865 812 887 825

27 weeks and over............................... 1,371 1,217 1,185 1,279 1,259 1,219 1,186 1,166 1,102

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 21.5 20.5 20.4 22.0 21.6 20.2 20.8 21.9 20.9

Median duration, in weeks......................... 9.5 8.6 9.3 9.4 9.2 9.2 9.0 9.3 9.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 31.5 38.0 31.2 35.1 33.7 34.6 35.6 35.1 35.1

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 32.3 29.6 34.8 29.3 29.8 29.9 29.9 29.9 31.4

15 weeks and over.................................. 36.3 32.4 34.1 35.7 36.5 35.5 34.5 35.0 33.6

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 15.6 13.7 15.0 15.0 15.1 14.7 14.0 15.1 14.4

27 weeks and over............................... 20.7 18.7 19.1 20.7 21.5 20.8 20.5 19.9 19.2

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2020

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 156,167 158,017 6,625 6,218 4.1 3.8

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 64,281 66,144 1,317 1,204 2.0 1.8

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 26,562 27,926 565 507 2.1 1.8

Professional and related occupations.......................... 37,718 38,218 753 697 2.0 1.8

Service occupations................................................ 26,090 26,223 1,447 1,272 5.3 4.6

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,200 31,294 1,452 1,214 4.2 3.7

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,292 15,069 800 656 5.0 4.2

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,908 16,225 652 558 3.5 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,964 14,220 939 908 6.3 6.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,143 1,144 190 183 14.3 13.8

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,272 8,154 598 604 6.7 6.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,549 4,922 151 122 3.2 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,633 20,137 868 1,130 4.5 5.3

Production occupations.......................................... 8,742 8,344 340 448 3.7 5.1

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,891 11,793 528 682 5.1 5.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2020

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 6,625 6,218 4.1 3.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,123 4,890 4.0 3.8

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 26 42 3.6 5.0

Construction.......................................................................... 588 531 6.2 5.5

Manufacturing........................................................................ 464 613 2.9 3.9

Durable goods..................................................................... 270 359 2.7 3.6

Nondurable goods................................................................ 194 254 3.3 4.3

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 978 821 5.0 4.2

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 297 256 4.1 3.5

Information............................................................................ 107 68 4.1 2.6

Financial activities................................................................... 264 171 2.6 1.7

Professional and business services............................................... 768 794 4.3 4.4

Education and health services..................................................... 621 608 2.5 2.4

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 794 799 5.8 5.7

Other services........................................................................ 215 187 3.2 2.8

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 190 205 11.1 11.0

Government workers................................................................... 397 348 1.8 1.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 337 312 3.4 3.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Oct.

2019

Nov.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020

Feb.

2020

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.2 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.9 7.0

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2020

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 95,599 95,393 38,909 38,979 56,690 56,415

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,196 4,973 2,608 2,526 2,588 2,447

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,424 1,494 810 788 614 707

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 428 421 301 260 127 161

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 996 1,073 509 528 487 545

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,823 8,181 3,815 3,900 4,008 4,281

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.0 5.2 4.6 4.7 5.4 5.7

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,502 4,576 2,410 2,378 2,092 2,198

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,961 2,126 681 728 1,280 1,398

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 251 308 157 197 95 110

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,057 1,129 550 578 507 551

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Change

from:

Jan.2020 -

Feb.2020p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,684 152,929 150,117 150,997 150,135 151,998 152,271 152,544 273

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,891 129,918 127,524 127,968 127,622 129,319 129,541 129,769 228

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,554 21,037 20,704 20,763 20,994 21,136 21,163 21,224 61

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730 714 700 701 741 715 713 717 4

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 53.7 53.1 53.6 48.6 53.2 53.9 54.5 0.6

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682.2 659.9 646.9 647.4 692.6 661.3 658.9 662.0 3.1

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.3 158.0 154.5 155.3 143.6 157.9 155.9 157.0 1.1

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187.2 187.2 184.4 183.2 193.3 189.3 190.1 189.4 -0.7

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.9 51.2 51.1 50.1 52.1 51.1 51.1 50.6 -0.5

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.9 40.6 40.5 40.6 42.1 40.7 41.0 40.9 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.4 95.4 92.8 92.5 99.1 97.5 98.0 97.9 -0.1

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.7 314.7 308.0 308.9 355.7 314.1 312.9 315.6 2.7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,062 7,447 7,241 7,270 7,423 7,555 7,604 7,646 42

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,602.0 1,666.4 1,630.2 1,635.5 1,653.0 1,675.9 1,679.2 1,692.3 13.1

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789.1 827.7 806.8 813.2 815.2 829.5 832.0 841.7 9.7

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812.9 838.7 823.4 822.3 837.8 846.4 847.2 850.6 3.4

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 966.6 1,042.4 990.1 992.6 1,066.3 1,087.6 1,096.1 1,099.1 3.0

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,493.4 4,738.5 4,620.6 4,642.2 4,703.2 4,791.9 4,828.8 4,854.4 25.6

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,976.0 2,066.7 2,023.2 2,035.8 2,070.2 2,095.0 2,114.9 2,127.1 12.2

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,517.4 2,671.8 2,597.4 2,606.4 2,633.0 2,696.9 2,713.9 2,727.3 13.4

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,762 12,876 12,763 12,792 12,830 12,866 12,846 12,861 15

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,035 8,072 8,018 8,036 8,062 8,064 8,053 8,064 11

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.8 411.1 407.0 407.1 408.7 411.0 411.1 410.9 -0.2

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407.9 419.8 410.8 414.5 419.6 422.3 423.3 427.0 3.7

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389.9 377.6 373.6 373.7 389.3 375.9 373.2 372.6 -0.6

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,487.3 1,485.7 1,477.3 1,480.1 1,492.0 1,485.1 1,485.1 1,486.9 1.8

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,132.4 1,117.4 1,114.6 1,113.0 1,132.2 1,117.3 1,115.1 1,112.8 -2.3

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,067.0 1,096.4 1,094.2 1,095.1 1,070.3 1,095.3 1,097.0 1,098.9 1.9

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 160.4 167.8 169.1 168.9 160.9 167.5 169.0 169.5 0.5

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.9 84.4 84.4 84.3 83.4 84.2 84.5 84.7 0.2

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.9 378.8 376.8 377.6 375.0 379.1 378.5 378.6 0.1

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417.6 431.8 431.9 431.9 418.4 431.3 432.4 433.3 0.9

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 33.6 32.0 32.4 32.7 33.2 32.5 32.8 0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 402.9 407.1 405.2 404.1 404.7 405.6 405.5 404.7 -0.8

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,740.5 1,747.2 1,731.4 1,744.6 1,740.3 1,743.7 1,734.6 1,742.4 7.8

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,015.0 1,001.7 987.8 1,000.7 1,012.2 997.9 989.7 996.5 6.8

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390.1 387.8 386.3 384.1 389.6 386.8 387.0 385.4 -1.6

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612.6 621.9 617.3 619.8 614.9 620.7 621.1 622.4 1.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,727 4,804 4,745 4,756 4,768 4,802 4,793 4,797 4

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,614.8 1,662.8 1,631.3 1,633.9 1,633.5 1,661.1 1,655.3 1,655.7 0.4

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.2 106.7 106.3 106.7 109.3 106.7 106.8 106.5 -0.3

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.2 112.7 112.3 110.4 114.4 112.0 112.9 111.7 -1.2

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.3 106.2 103.7 103.9 109.9 106.3 104.7 104.2 -0.5

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.1 365.6 363.6 363.0 365.9 365.0 364.9 364.2 -0.7

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 424.5 421.2 416.7 416.1 427.6 419.3 419.1 418.7 -0.4

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.4 111.9 110.1 110.2 115.8 113.9 114.6 114.8 0.2

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847.9 855.3 845.2 849.7 851.1 853.3 848.9 850.9 2.0

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733.0 743.8 744.0 746.3 734.2 743.0 745.3 747.0 1.7

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296.7 317.5 311.8 315.9 306.4 320.9 320.7 323.7 3.0

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,337 108,881 106,820 107,205 106,628 108,183 108,378 108,545 167

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,351 28,582 27,725 27,452 27,688 27,809 27,838 27,825 -13

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,853.6 5,947.8 5,906.3 5,902.4 5,884.7 5,933.2 5,938.8 5,936.2 -2.6

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,177.6 3,224.5 3,209.3 3,207.3 3,187.8 3,218.2 3,220.2 3,218.3 -1.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,143.7 2,185.3 2,165.0 2,163.7 2,163.0 2,179.5 2,184.7 2,184.1 -0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Change

from:

Jan.2020 -

Feb.2020p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532.3 538.0 532.0 531.4 533.9 535.5 533.9 533.8 -0.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,429.4 16,159.7 15,562.1 15,399.8 15,667.2 15,672.2 15,666.4 15,659.4 -7.0

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,003.1 2,049.0 2,045.9 2,047.5 2,020.7 2,057.1 2,064.5 2,064.0 -0.5

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,292.2 1,304.0 1,305.4 1,308.6 1,298.1 1,306.5 1,311.5 1,313.0 1.5

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.8 159.2 156.2 158.5 162.3 166.3 165.7 166.1 0.4

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 556.1 585.8 584.3 580.4 560.3 584.3 587.3 585.0 -2.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 471.3 491.8 471.6 469.4 473.1 470.2 469.7 471.6 1.9

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 479.2 495.9 477.6 471.9 479.3 479.8 473.3 475.9 2.6

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,250.7 1,269.9 1,247.6 1,261.4 1,291.7 1,305.8 1,308.5 1,303.0 -5.5

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,048.7 3,119.7 3,076.8 3,068.4 3,071.9 3,088.3 3,091.0 3,091.4 0.4

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,047.6 1,082.8 1,059.2 1,058.8 1,053.8 1,055.8 1,052.4 1,063.3 10.9

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928.5 949.1 943.1 934.5 940.7 951.5 951.5 948.9 -2.6

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,291.4 1,410.5 1,293.7 1,241.3 1,330.1 1,286.9 1,288.4 1,276.2 -12.2

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539.5 589.4 551.2 538.2 550.6 543.1 552.5 554.2 1.7

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,984.6 3,291.9 3,050.0 2,966.7 3,046.3 3,060.7 3,042.6 3,040.1 -2.5

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,061.5 1,231.3 1,092.4 1,041.2 1,089.0 1,090.6 1,074.7 1,074.4 -0.3

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,923.1 2,060.6 1,957.6 1,925.5 1,957.4 1,970.1 1,967.9 1,965.7 -2.2

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820.0 834.3 802.8 802.9 839.1 821.5 822.1 822.6 0.5

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.8 575.4 542.6 538.8 569.9 551.5 549.9 548.2 -1.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,521.1 5,925.3 5,711.0 5,604.5 5,585.9 5,655.9 5,685.7 5,681.7 -4.0

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498.1 506.3 505.5 507.7 501.8 508.2 509.1 510.8 1.7

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.3 163.7 159.7 157.7 182.5 163.8 160.8 158.8 -2.0

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 64.3 63.1 62.7 66.0 65.2 65.1 65.1 0.0

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,505.6 1,525.2 1,501.4 1,503.3 1,529.6 1,526.4 1,527.7 1,529.4 1.7

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509.7 522.0 517.4 520.8 498.1 506.1 507.7 508.7 1.0

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.2 51.4 51.2 50.3 50.5 51.2 51.0 50.4 -0.6

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 25.7 30.0 27.3 27.7 35.3 35.9 36.3 36.6 0.3

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 745.3 765.9 761.3 760.9 749.2 760.7 763.1 763.9 0.8

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768.0 1,073.1 929.1 815.2 791.2 846.4 866.0 853.8 -12.2

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,173.9 1,223.4 1,195.0 1,198.2 1,181.7 1,192.0 1,198.9 1,204.2 5.3

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547.1 549.3 545.5 545.1 550.1 547.9 546.9 547.4 0.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,830 2,895 2,854 2,878 2,841 2,883 2,894 2,898 4

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 748.7 765.9 763.7 766.9 751.6 764.4 766.1 769.1 3.0

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424.9 459.5 422.4 440.7 431.7 454.4 456.1 456.2 0.1

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.7 265.6 261.3 261.6 268.9 264.0 262.3 261.7 -0.6

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728.1 708.1 705.7 706.0 725.8 704.3 707.5 706.5 -1.0

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334.5 345.2 348.5 349.6 335.2 346.4 350.4 350.4 0.0

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325.4 351.0 352.4 353.6 327.3 349.5 351.6 354.4 2.8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,633 8,819 8,761 8,793 8,690 8,814 8,824 8,850 26

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,377.5 6,475.4 6,453.7 6,471.6 6,393.5 6,464.4 6,475.3 6,488.9 13.6

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.8 19.1 19.5 19.1 19.8 19.2 19.5 19.2 -0.3

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,641.6 2,672.7 2,670.2 2,674.1 2,649.4 2,669.1 2,674.5 2,680.6 6.1

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,773.2 1,782.0 1,783.1 1,787.2 1,775.8 1,783.4 1,785.4 1,789.9 4.5

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,392.0 1,390.9 1,391.8 1,395.7 1,393.2 1,392.8 1,393.5 1,396.9 3.4

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 566.0 582.9 580.9 581.8 571.5 580.2 583.9 586.0 2.1

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 302.4 307.8 306.2 305.1 302.0 305.5 305.2 304.6 -0.6

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 954.0 971.0 961.2 965.3 958.1 968.6 968.5 970.8 2.3

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,762.1 2,812.6 2,802.8 2,813.1 2,766.2 2,807.5 2,812.8 2,818.3 5.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,255.3 2,344.0 2,306.8 2,321.8 2,296.8 2,349.1 2,348.6 2,361.5 12.9

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,675.6 1,747.9 1,721.1 1,731.4 1,696.7 1,743.5 1,744.3 1,752.2 7.9

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557.0 572.4 562.7 567.1 576.9 582.0 580.6 585.5 4.9

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Change

from:

Jan.2020 -

Feb.2020p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 22.7 23.7 23.0 23.3 23.2 23.6 23.7 23.8 0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,841 21,600 21,135 21,248 21,164 21,503 21,528 21,569 41

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,470.4 9,693.5 9,659.6 9,760.2 9,431.9 9,667.4 9,685.0 9,717.3 32.3

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,137.5 1,162.3 1,152.4 1,155.6 1,145.2 1,156.3 1,161.0 1,162.6 1.6

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,115.7 1,039.4 1,082.2 1,145.8 1,012.6 1,037.1 1,032.8 1,035.6 2.8

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,479.0 1,528.5 1,513.3 1,522.1 1,500.7 1,530.2 1,530.0 1,540.3 10.3

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.1 146.7 143.6 143.5 143.6 144.4 146.0 145.3 -0.7

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,156.3 2,233.6 2,243.4 2,246.7 2,160.6 2,238.9 2,249.9 2,257.7 7.8

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500.6 1,570.2 1,545.4 1,553.6 1,512.9 1,557.2 1,562.8 1,565.3 2.5

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712.3 745.7 735.9 742.3 716.1 744.8 743.5 748.7 5.2

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 489.5 497.1 490.8 493.0 492.8 495.1 495.1 495.2 0.1

Other professional and technical services. . . 737.4 770.0 752.6 757.6 747.4 763.4 763.8 766.6 2.8

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,398.9 2,451.5 2,441.2 2,433.4 2,411.2 2,447.7 2,449.6 2,447.8 -1.8

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,971.9 9,455.0 9,034.5 9,054.2 9,321.1 9,387.4 9,393.8 9,404.1 10.3

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,532.1 8,991.2 8,576.9 8,595.4 8,873.9 8,922.2 8,928.3 8,937.0 8.7

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 517.2 529.6 526.2 525.9 520.1 530.1 530.2 530.9 0.7

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.0 167.0 164.0 163.3 162.7 166.7 166.0 164.4 -1.6

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,504.2 3,797.9 3,504.3 3,502.5 3,642.3 3,653.4 3,651.3 3,652.4 1.1

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,838.8 3,086.3 2,822.9 2,810.4 2,962.2 2,950.0 2,947.4 2,944.1 -3.3

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883.9 892.4 872.6 869.6 883.8 869.5 870.2 869.8 -0.4

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.4 220.1 217.6 217.5 218.6 222.5 222.7 221.7 -1.0

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 939.5 966.4 955.4 966.4 951.1 962.9 967.9 972.8 4.9

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,980.2 2,075.4 2,001.3 2,006.7 2,161.7 2,170.0 2,178.6 2,179.7 1.1

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.7 342.4 335.5 343.5 333.6 347.1 341.4 345.3 3.9

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439.8 463.8 457.6 458.8 447.2 465.2 465.5 467.1 1.6

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,044 24,633 24,390 24,692 23,918 24,465 24,537 24,591 54

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,877.2 3,909.2 3,749.6 3,987.5 3,723.5 3,810.3 3,839.9 3,838.1 -1.8

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,166.3 20,724.0 20,640.2 20,704.5 20,194.6 20,654.2 20,696.8 20,753.3 56.5

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,101.7 16,497.8 16,424.9 16,454.4 16,135.4 16,438.6 16,471.3 16,502.9 31.6

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,587.6 7,842.8 7,802.4 7,831.4 7,605.4 7,811.1 7,831.7 7,855.3 23.6

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,639.6 2,726.5 2,706.7 2,717.3 2,645.3 2,709.2 2,713.6 2,723.1 9.5

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960.4 977.8 972.3 972.8 962.9 974.0 975.4 977.1 1.7

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 953.9 985.4 979.9 984.7 956.6 982.0 984.0 987.3 3.3

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955.9 980.9 980.8 979.4 955.5 977.4 981.3 980.1 -1.2

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 278.5 289.0 288.8 288.5 278.8 288.2 290.2 289.4 -0.8

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,492.9 1,564.2 1,554.2 1,566.9 1,499.1 1,560.1 1,564.4 1,574.1 9.7

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306.4 319.0 319.7 321.8 307.2 320.3 322.9 324.1 1.2

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,160.9 5,255.3 5,245.0 5,250.5 5,165.7 5,242.1 5,250.1 5,257.9 7.8

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,353.2 3,399.7 3,377.5 3,372.5 3,364.3 3,385.4 3,389.5 3,389.7 0.2

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,595.2 1,594.8 1,586.2 1,583.1 1,599.9 1,588.2 1,591.4 1,590.7 -0.7

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 641.0 652.2 650.1 650.3 643.0 650.7 652.4 652.9 0.5

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951.9 985.6 974.4 972.4 955.8 979.7 977.4 978.0 0.6

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 165.1 167.1 166.8 166.7 165.6 166.8 168.3 168.1 -0.2

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,064.6 4,226.2 4,215.3 4,250.1 4,059.2 4,215.6 4,225.5 4,250.4 24.9

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,546.2 2,672.0 2,672.9 2,693.5 2,550.7 2,670.2 2,680.4 2,697.9 17.5

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 182.6 188.4 184.6 186.3 181.7 186.2 185.4 187.0 1.6

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 321.2 325.2 318.8 322.6 324.3 325.2 323.4 325.8 2.4

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,014.6 1,040.6 1,039.0 1,047.7 1,002.5 1,034.0 1,036.3 1,039.7 3.4

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,841 16,450 16,095 16,259 16,473 16,784 16,822 16,873 51

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,192.7 2,311.7 2,238.3 2,268.5 2,424.5 2,481.5 2,492.7 2,493.9 1.2

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 472.5 493.7 456.5 473.6 516.9 514.3 518.8 516.4 -2.4

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.0 171.1 162.3 161.2 170.8 178.5 176.6 176.7 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Change

from:

Jan.2020 -

Feb.2020p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,564.2 1,646.9 1,619.5 1,633.7 1,736.8 1,788.7 1,797.3 1,800.8 3.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,648.6 14,138.5 13,856.2 13,990.0 14,048.7 14,302.9 14,329.5 14,379.3 49.8

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,974.4 2,032.6 1,994.6 2,003.1 2,065.2 2,099.6 2,094.6 2,091.8 -2.8

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,674.2 12,105.9 11,861.6 11,986.9 11,983.5 12,203.3 12,234.9 12,287.5 52.6

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,797 5,902 5,860 5,883 5,854 5,925 5,935 5,939 4

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,324.6 1,357.8 1,355.3 1,370.3 1,332.8 1,365.4 1,371.6 1,376.9 5.3

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,498.6 1,533.7 1,514.9 1,514.6 1,519.3 1,533.0 1,535.2 1,536.1 0.9

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,973.8 3,010.5 2,989.5 2,998.2 3,001.4 3,026.3 3,027.7 3,026.3 -1.4

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,793 23,011 22,593 23,029 22,513 22,679 22,730 22,775 45

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,796.0 2,859.0 2,843.0 2,842.0 2,814.0 2,847.0 2,857.0 2,865.0 8.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,192.0 2,237.8 2,241.7 2,246.8 2,207.3 2,243.7 2,253.1 2,262.7 9.6

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604.4 620.7 601.6 595.1 607.1 603.1 604.1 602.4 -1.7

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,306.0 5,291.0 5,102.0 5,344.0 5,175.0 5,184.0 5,199.0 5,217.0 18.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,629.4 2,600.1 2,408.3 2,644.7 2,484.9 2,481.3 2,490.6 2,506.1 15.5

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,676.4 2,690.6 2,693.7 2,698.9 2,689.8 2,702.4 2,708.5 2,711.2 2.7

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,691.0 14,861.0 14,648.0 14,843.0 14,524.0 14,648.0 14,674.0 14,693.0 19.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,267.3 8,340.4 8,160.3 8,333.6 7,975.5 8,039.2 8,050.2 8,056.4 6.2

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,424.1 6,520.2 6,488.1 6,509.0 6,548.3 6,609.2 6,623.9 6,636.1 12.2

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.3 34.3 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.2 40.1 40.2 40.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.3 45.8 45.8 45.6

Construction....................................................................... 38.8 39.0 39.2 39.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 40.4 40.5 40.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.0 40.9 40.9 41.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.1 39.7 39.7 40.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.2 33.2 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.2 34.1 34.0 34.3

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.0 38.8 38.8 38.8

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.6 30.6 30.3 30.8

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.6 38.3 38.3 38.3

Utilities........................................................................... 42.4 42.4 42.6 42.6

Information......................................................................... 36.2 36.3 36.2 36.2

Financial activities................................................................ 37.7 37.5 37.7 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.2 36.1 36.1 36.2

Education and health services.................................................. 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.0 25.8 25.9 25.8

Other services..................................................................... 31.8 31.8 32.0 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Total private............................................... $27.69 $28.37 $28.43 $28.52 $952.54 $973.09 $975.15 $981.09

Goods-producing....................................... 28.68 29.43 29.47 29.54 1,152.94 1,180.14 1,184.69 1,193.42

Mining and logging.................................. 32.95 34.57 34.36 34.52 1,525.59 1,583.31 1,573.69 1,574.11

Construction.......................................... 30.45 31.15 31.22 31.35 1,181.46 1,214.85 1,223.82 1,232.06

Manufacturing........................................ 27.43 28.14 28.17 28.20 1,116.40 1,136.86 1,140.89 1,147.74

Durable goods.................................... 28.87 29.62 29.59 29.63 1,183.67 1,211.46 1,210.23 1,220.76

Nondurable goods................................ 24.93 25.58 25.70 25.72 999.69 1,015.53 1,020.29 1,028.80

Private service-providing.............................. 27.45 28.12 28.18 28.28 914.09 933.58 935.58 941.72

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 23.93 24.50 24.59 24.63 818.41 835.45 836.06 844.81

Wholesale trade.................................. 30.99 31.61 31.74 31.81 1,208.61 1,226.47 1,231.51 1,234.23

Retail trade........................................ 19.42 20.04 20.09 20.13 594.25 613.22 608.73 620.00

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.52 24.92 24.97 25.13 946.47 954.44 956.35 962.48

Utilities............................................. 41.59 42.14 42.19 42.22 1,763.42 1,786.74 1,797.29 1,798.57

Information........................................... 41.77 42.57 42.87 43.02 1,512.07 1,545.29 1,551.89 1,557.32

Financial activities................................... 35.51 36.53 36.64 36.88 1,338.73 1,369.88 1,381.33 1,386.69

Professional and business services.............. 33.23 34.23 34.30 34.45 1,202.93 1,235.70 1,238.23 1,247.09

Education and health services..................... 27.46 27.86 27.85 27.92 906.18 919.38 919.05 924.15

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.38 16.77 16.82 16.87 425.88 432.67 435.64 435.25

Other services....................................... 25.00 25.55 25.57 25.63 795.00 812.49 818.24 817.60

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2020 -

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2020 -

Feb.

2020p

Total private..................................... 110.2 111.4 111.5 112.1 0.5 145.9 151.0 151.6 152.8 0.8

Goods-producing............................. 96.2 96.6 96.9 97.7 0.8 124.6 128.4 129.1 130.4 1.0

Mining and logging........................ 107.8 102.9 102.6 102.7 0.1 142.6 142.8 141.6 142.4 0.6

Construction................................ 99.3 101.6 102.8 103.6 0.8 131.4 137.5 139.4 141.1 1.2

Manufacturing.............................. 93.9 93.5 93.6 94.2 0.6 119.8 122.4 122.6 123.5 0.7

Durable goods........................... 93.1 92.9 92.7 93.5 0.9 119.3 122.2 121.9 123.1 1.0

Nondurable goods...................... 95.4 95.2 95.0 95.8 0.8 120.7 123.5 123.9 125.0 0.9

Private service-providing.................... 114.3 115.6 115.8 116.4 0.5 152.5 158.0 158.7 160.0 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.3 103.5 103.3 104.1 0.8 133.3 136.7 137.0 138.3 0.9

Wholesale trade......................... 101.2 101.5 101.6 101.6 0.0 131.2 134.3 134.9 135.2 0.2

Retail trade.............................. 97.3 97.4 96.4 97.9 1.6 124.9 129.0 128.0 130.3 1.8

Transportation and warehousing...... 123.9 124.5 125.1 125.0 -0.1 154.5 157.8 158.9 159.9 0.6

Utilities.................................... 100.9 100.5 100.8 100.9 0.1 138.7 139.9 140.5 140.7 0.1

Information................................. 93.9 95.6 95.7 95.8 0.1 139.7 144.9 146.0 146.8 0.5

Financial activities......................... 107.3 108.3 109.0 109.0 0.0 148.7 154.3 155.8 156.8 0.6

Professional and business services..... 120.1 121.7 121.9 122.4 0.4 161.6 168.7 169.2 170.8 0.9

Education and health services........... 128.9 131.8 132.2 132.9 0.5 170.3 176.7 177.1 178.5 0.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 122.2 123.6 124.3 124.2 -0.1 161.5 167.2 168.7 169.1 0.2

Other services............................. 107.3 108.6 109.5 109.2 -0.3 147.1 152.1 153.5 153.4 -0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Total nonfarm............................................. 74,766 76,047 76,173 76,320 49.8 50.0 50.0 50.0

Total private............................................ 61,777 62,936 63,024 63,140 48.4 48.7 48.7 48.7

Goods-producing.................................... 4,671 4,762 4,767 4,774 22.2 22.5 22.5 22.5

Mining and logging............................... 94 97 96 95 12.7 13.6 13.5 13.2

Construction....................................... 959 987 990 996 12.9 13.1 13.0 13.0

Manufacturing..................................... 3,618 3,678 3,681 3,683 28.2 28.6 28.7 28.6

Durable goods.................................. 1,919 1,953 1,957 1,956 23.8 24.2 24.3 24.3

Nondurable goods............................. 1,699 1,725 1,724 1,727 35.6 35.9 36.0 36.0

Private service-providing........................... 57,106 58,174 58,257 58,366 53.6 53.8 53.8 53.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,093 11,148 11,138 11,143 40.1 40.1 40.0 40.0

Wholesale trade................................ 1,765.7 1,792.9 1,790.3 1,789.5 30.0 30.2 30.1 30.1

Retail trade..................................... 7,793.1 7,756.0 7,748.1 7,755.3 49.7 49.5 49.5 49.5

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,402.5 1,466.1 1,466.5 1,464.7 25.1 25.9 25.8 25.8

Utilities........................................... 131.4 133.3 132.9 133.3 23.9 24.3 24.3 24.4

Information......................................... 1,127 1,146 1,149 1,152 39.7 39.8 39.7 39.8

Financial activities................................ 4,926 4,993 4,988 4,995 56.7 56.6 56.5 56.4

Professional and business services............ 9,617 9,853 9,880 9,898 45.4 45.8 45.9 45.9

Education and health services.................. 18,482 18,940 18,979 19,025 77.3 77.4 77.3 77.4

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,737 8,937 8,962 8,993 53.0 53.2 53.3 53.3

Other services..................................... 3,124 3,157 3,161 3,160 53.4 53.3 53.3 53.2

Government............................................. 12,989 13,111 13,149 13,180 57.7 57.8 57.8 57.9

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Total private............................................................................... 105,109 106,300 106,501 106,668

Goods-producing....................................................................... 15,082 15,119 15,139 15,195

Mining and logging.................................................................. 552 516 513 519

Construction.......................................................................... 5,530 5,623 5,663 5,692

Manufacturing........................................................................ 9,000 8,980 8,963 8,984

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,565 5,539 5,530 5,547

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,435 3,441 3,433 3,437

Private service-providing.............................................................. 90,027 91,181 91,362 91,473

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,432 23,494 23,526 23,535

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,734.7 4,750.2 4,750.3 4,749.5

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,384.6 13,347.3 13,367.2 13,380.4

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,874.0 4,957.1 4,970.0 4,966.6

Utilities.............................................................................. 439.1 438.9 438.9 438.6

Information............................................................................ 2,291 2,314 2,323 2,329

Financial activities................................................................... 6,731 6,812 6,825 6,835

Professional and business services............................................... 17,251 17,444 17,468 17,501

Education and health services..................................................... 21,001 21,491 21,548 21,583

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,474 14,736 14,773 14,795

Other services........................................................................ 4,847 4,890 4,899 4,895

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.7

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.9 40.8 41.0 41.0

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.9 46.2 46.1 45.4

Construction....................................................................... 39.0 39.4 40.0 39.5

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.7 41.4 41.4 41.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.0 41.7 41.7 42.0

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.2 40.8 40.8 41.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.8 33.8 33.9 34.0

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.7 38.5 38.5 38.6

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.3 30.3 30.4 30.5

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 37.9 37.9 38.0 38.3

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 43.0 42.9 42.8

Information......................................................................... 35.5 35.1 35.0 35.2

Financial activities................................................................ 37.0 36.8 37.0 36.9

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.3 35.5 35.5

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.3 32.2 32.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.8 24.7 24.7 24.7

Other services..................................................................... 30.8 30.8 31.1 31.0

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.4 4.0 3.9 4.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Total private............................................... $23.19 $23.84 $23.88 $23.96 $779.18 $801.02 $802.37 $807.45

Goods-producing....................................... 24.40 25.07 25.09 25.15 997.96 1,022.86 1,028.69 1,031.15

Mining and logging.................................. 29.05 30.68 30.30 30.74 1,362.45 1,417.42 1,396.83 1,395.60

Construction.......................................... 28.17 28.88 28.89 28.92 1,098.63 1,137.87 1,155.60 1,142.34

Manufacturing........................................ 21.91 22.44 22.43 22.53 913.65 929.02 928.60 939.50

Durable goods.................................... 22.84 23.42 23.38 23.54 959.28 976.61 974.95 988.68

Nondurable goods................................ 20.37 20.83 20.88 20.88 839.24 849.86 851.90 860.26

Private service-providing.............................. 22.93 23.59 23.63 23.71 742.93 764.32 765.61 770.58

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 20.34 20.83 20.88 20.93 687.49 704.05 707.83 711.62

Wholesale trade.................................. 25.75 26.15 26.28 26.31 996.53 1,006.78 1,011.78 1,015.57

Retail trade........................................ 16.30 16.88 16.89 16.92 493.89 511.46 513.46 516.06

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.18 22.50 22.58 22.72 840.62 852.75 858.04 870.18

Utilities............................................. 36.89 37.28 37.65 37.56 1,560.45 1,603.04 1,615.19 1,607.57

Information........................................... 33.24 34.44 34.43 34.58 1,180.02 1,208.84 1,205.05 1,217.22

Financial activities................................... 27.46 28.06 28.16 28.16 1,016.02 1,032.61 1,041.92 1,039.10

Professional and business services.............. 27.32 28.28 28.32 28.42 967.13 998.28 1,005.36 1,008.91

Education and health services..................... 24.06 24.72 24.70 24.83 774.73 798.46 795.34 802.01

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.29 14.77 14.85 14.93 354.39 364.82 366.80 368.77

Other services....................................... 21.24 21.71 21.76 21.81 654.19 668.67 676.74 676.11

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2020 -

Feb.

2020p

Feb.

2019

Dec.

2019

Jan.

2020p

Feb.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2020 -

Feb.

2020p

Total private..................................... 117.7 119.0 119.2 119.8 0.5 182.4 189.6 190.3 191.8 0.8

Goods-producing............................. 94.3 94.3 94.9 95.2 0.3 140.8 144.7 145.7 146.6 0.6

Mining and logging........................ 137.6 126.7 125.7 125.2 -0.4 232.4 226.0 221.5 223.9 1.1

Construction................................ 108.0 110.9 113.4 112.6 -0.7 164.3 173.0 176.9 175.8 -0.6

Manufacturing.............................. 86.2 85.3 85.2 86.0 0.9 123.4 125.2 124.9 126.7 1.4

Durable goods........................... 87.8 86.8 86.6 87.5 1.0 125.2 126.9 126.5 128.6 1.7

Nondurable goods...................... 83.4 82.7 82.5 83.4 1.1 120.0 121.8 121.8 123.1 1.1

Private service-providing.................... 124.3 125.9 126.1 126.7 0.5 195.5 203.7 204.4 206.0 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 110.8 111.1 111.5 111.9 0.4 161.0 165.3 166.4 167.4 0.6

Wholesale trade......................... 108.7 108.5 108.5 108.8 0.3 165.3 167.5 168.4 169.0 0.4

Retail trade.............................. 102.6 102.3 102.8 103.3 0.5 143.3 148.0 148.8 149.7 0.6

Transportation and warehousing...... 139.8 142.2 142.9 144.0 0.8 197.4 203.6 205.4 208.2 1.4

Utilities.................................... 95.0 96.5 96.3 96.0 -0.3 146.3 150.2 151.3 150.5 -0.5

Information................................. 92.8 92.7 92.8 93.6 0.9 152.8 158.1 158.2 160.2 1.3

Financial activities......................... 117.2 118.0 118.9 118.7 -0.2 198.0 203.7 205.9 205.7 -0.1

Professional and business services..... 136.5 137.7 138.6 138.9 0.2 221.8 231.5 233.5 234.8 0.6

Education and health services........... 144.2 148.0 147.9 148.6 0.5 229.0 241.5 241.2 243.6 1.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 131.5 133.3 133.7 133.9 0.1 213.4 223.6 225.4 227.0 0.7

Other services............................. 104.7 105.6 106.9 106.4 -0.5 162.0 167.1 169.4 169.1 -0.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.