Table 8. BENEFITS (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for benefits only, civilian, state and local, and
private industry workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994 | Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994
Civilian workers .... 127.4 131.0 132.3 1.0 0.7 1.0 49 3.8 3.8
State and local government workers 126.2 128.5 130.3 1.4 5 14 3.2 3.2 3.2
Private industry workers .... 127.7 131.7 132.8 8 8 8 5.4 3.9 4.0
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations 126.8 131.6 132.8 7 8 9 48 45 47
Blue-collar occupations 128.4 131.5 132.7 9 8 9 5.9 3.3 3.3
Service occupations 130.5 133.1 134.2 a 2 8 5.5 29 28
Workers, by industry division
Goods-producing industries 1 130.0 133.9 134.8 8 a 7 6.3 3.8 3.7
Service-producing industries 2 125.7 129.7 131.2 a 6 1.2 44 41 44
Manufacturing 129.7 133.0 133.9 a 8 7 67 3.4 3.2
Nonmanufacturing 126.5 130.8 132.2 8 7 11 45 42 45
Workers, by bargaining status
Union workers ... 129.7 132.9 133.3 a 8 3 6.6 3.4 28
Nonunion workers. 126.9 131.1 132.6 8 8 Ww 49 41 45
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the

. Includes transportation, communication, and public utilties; wholesale and retail aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.


Table 1. SEASONALLY ADJUSTED: Emplo:

industry and occupational group — Continued

yment Cost Index for total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefit costs, by

beeen Percent changes for 3-months ended
Series -
June 1994 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1992 | Mar. 1993 | June 1993 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994 Sep. 1994
BENEFIT COSTS
Civilian workers 131.0 132.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0
State and focal government ....... 129.3 129.9 Wd 6 1.0 4 8 7 1.3 5
Private industry workers 131.4 132.9 1.3 15 14 1.0 V1 9 9 VW
White-collar occupations... 131.4 132.9 1.2 15 14 a) 1.0 1.6 1.0 VW
Blue-collar occupations 131.2 132.6 1.6 17 15 1.0 WW 2 9 11
Service occupations .. 132.9 134.1 14 1.8 1.3 11 Ww 5 2 9
Goods-producing industries * 133.6 134.8 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.0 1.0 5 1.2 a
Manufacturing ... 132.7 133.9 18 1.9 18 V1 1 a Ww g
Service-producing industries 2 129.6 131.2 Ww 1.2 Ww 1.0 1.2 Ww 8 1.2
Nonmanufacturing industries ...} 130.6 132.2 1.2 Ww 14 1.0 Ww 13 8 1.2
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. trae; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

‘No identifiable seasonality was found for this series.


Table 5. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, civilian
and state and local government workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12.months ended
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994 -
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994 | Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994
Civilian workers... 116.4 118.6 119.8 1.0 0.7 1.0 3.0 3.0 2.9
Excluding sales 116.6 118.8 120.1 1.0 7 V1 3.0 29 3.0
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations 117.4 119.7 120.8 1.2 8 9 3.3 3.2 29
Excluding sales 118.0 120.2 121.5 1.0 6 1 31° 29 3.0
Professional specialty and technical 119.5 121.3 122.8 1.3 5 12 3.0 28 28
Executive, administrative, and
managerial .. 116.5 119.0 120.2 eS) 8 1.0 3.3 3.0 3.2
Administrative support, including
clerical 117.4 119.8 120.9 9 8 a 3.3 3.2 3.2
Blue-collar occupations . 114.4 116.7 117.8 9 8 9 28 29 3.0
Service occupations 116.1 118.1 119.4 8 5 1 24 25 28
Workers, by industry division
Goods-producing 1 . 115.4 118.0 119.0 7 a 8 29 3.0 34
Manufacturing 116.3 119.0 120.0 7 8 8 3.0 3.0 3.2
ic 116.8 118.9 120.2 14 6 Wt 3.4 29 29
119.5 121.3 122.8 1.4 3 1.2 34 3.0 28
121.4 123.4 124.4 a) 5 8 3.1 26 25
120.7 123.0 124.0 1.0 5 8 3.1 29 27
120.4 121.3 123.8 2.0 2 24 3.0 28 28
Public administration 115.9 118.5 119.9 9 5 12 25 34 35
Nonmanufacturing ... 116.4 118.5 119.7 ~ 11 7 1.0 3.0 3.0 28
State and local government workers ... 119.3 120.7 122.8 16 2 17 2.9 28 29
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations .... 119.6 120.9 122.9 1.7 2 1.7 2.9 28 28
Professional specialty and technical 120.4 121.3 123.6 1.9 2 19. 29 26 27
Executive, administrative, and
managerial .. 118.2 . 120.3 121.6 1.4 4 ni 34 32 29
Administrative suppor
clerical .... 117.2 119.4 120.9 Wt 4 13 27 3.0 3.2
Blue-collar occupations .. 118.4 120.1 121.8 1.6 3 14 3.0 34 29
Service occupations .... 118.3 120.4 122.7 1.0 6 1.9 3.0 28 3.7
Workers, by industry division
Services 120.3 121.3 123.6 18 2 1.9 29 26 27
Excluding 120.1 121.9 123.2 1.2 5 Wt 3.2 27 26
Health services .. 120.4 122.9 124.7 1.3 8 15 3.2 35 3.6
Hospitals .. 119.9 122.0 124.2 1.4 7 18 29 3.2 3.6
Educational services .. 120.3 124.4 123.6 1.9 2 21 29 25 27
Schools ..... 120.3 121.2 123.8 1.9 2 24 28 27 29
Elementary and secondary . 121.1 121.8 124.5, 19 A 2.2 2.7 25 28
Colleges and universities . 117.8 119.2 121.5 1.9 5 1.9 3.2 34 34
Public administration ...... 115.9 118.5 119.9 29 5 1.2 25 34 35

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

Formerly called hospitals and other services.

le; finance, insurance, and real estate; service industries; and public administration.


’

Table 3. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED)

workers, by industry and occupational group

): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry

Indexes (June 1989=100)

Percent changes for

Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994 | Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994

Private industry workers 119.1 122.0 123.0 0.9 08 0.8 3.7 3.4 3.3
Excluding sales ... 119.5 122.3 123.4 8&8 7 ce) 3.8 3.2 3.3
White-collar occupations 119.4 122.5 123.5 9 8 8 37 3.6 34
Exciuding sales 120.2 123.3 124.4 8 7 9 3.8 3.4 3.5
Professional specialty and technical 122.2 125.3 126.3 7 6 8 3.6 3.3 3.4

Executive, administrative, and
i 118.1 121.3 122.6 8 8 Ww 3.7 3.5 3.8
115.6 118.8 119.2 1.6 14 3 3.4 44 3.1
Administrative support, including clerical 120.3 123.5 124.5 a 8 8 42 3.6 3.5
Blue-collar occupations 118.7 121.2 122.3 8 7 zB) 3.8 3.0 3.0
Precision production, a repair 118.7 121.2 122.5 a 8 Ww 3.8 3.4 3.2

Machine operators, assemblers,

and inspectors ... 120.0 122.2 122.9 8 7 6 43 27 24
‘Transportation and material moving 115.9 119.1 120.3 6 5 1.0 3.0 3.4 38

Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers 118.4 121.4 122.7 7 1.0 141 3.3 3.2 3.6
Service occupations 118.9 121.0 121.8 8 3 7 3.0 25 24

Production and nonsupervisory
occupations 1... 119.0 121.6 122.6 9 7 8 3.7 34 3.0
Goods-producing industries 2 ... 119.9 123.0 123.9 | 7 1.0 7 4.0 3.3 3.3
Excluding sales occupations . 119.6 122.5 123.5 7 a 8 3.8 3.1 33
White-collar occupations 120.5 124.3 125.1 8 14 6 43 3.9 38
Excluding sales ..... 119.7 123.2 124.1 6 Wd 7 4.0 3.5 3.7
Blue-collar occupations 119.6 122.2 123.1 8 a 7 3.9 29 29
« Service occupations . 121.5 123.8 126.5 7 2 22 3.9 27 44
Construction .. 116.8 120.2 121.4 7 1.3 1.0 3.3 3.6 3.9
Manufacturing ... 120.6 123.5 124.4 8 8 7 4.2 3.2 3.2
White-collar occupat 120.5 123.9 124.9 7 1.0 8 4.3 3.5 3.7
Excluding sales ... 119.5 122.5 123.6 6 1.0 a 3.9 34 34
Blue-collar occupations 120.5 123.2 124.0 8 7 6 4at 3.0 29
Service occupations 121.7 124.1 127.0 8 2 23 4.0 28 44
Durables .. 121.0 123.8 125.1 8&8 7 Wa 45 3.2 3.4
Nondurables 119.7 122.8 123.2 6 9 3 3.7 3.2 29
Service-producing industries 3 .. 118.5, 121.2 122.3 1.0 7 ) 3.6 3.3 3.2
Excluding sales occupations . 119.3 122.1 123.3 8 6 1.0 3.6 3.2 3.4
White-collar occupations 119.0 121.9 122.9 1.0 7 8 3.6 3.5 3.3
Excluding sales .. 120.4 123.4 124.6 a 6 1.0 3.7 3.4 35
Blue-collar occupations 116.6 119.1 120.6 1.0 6 1.3 37 3.1 3.4
Service occupations ... 118.6 120.7 121.3 8 4 5 3.0 25 2.3
Transportation and public utilities 116.8 119.8 121.4 7 5 13 35 3.3 3.9
Transportation 114.8 117.7 119.7 6 5 17 28 3.2 4.3
Public utilities 119.2 122.6 123.6 8 7 8 42 3.6 3.7
Communications 118.5 122.1 122.9 a) a 7 45 3.9 3.7
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .. 120.2 123.2 124.4 7 A 1.0 3.7 3.2 3.5
Wholesale and retail trade ... 116.4 119.4 120.5 4 1.5 a 3.0 3.0 3.5
Excluding sales occupations .. 117.0 119.8 120.9 7 1.0 9 34 34 3.3

See footnotes at end of table.



Table 2. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, civilian and state and
local government workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994 | Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994
Civilian workers 119.5 122.1 123.3 1.0 0.7 1.0 3.6 3.2 3.2
Excluding sales 119.8 122.4 123.7 9 7 14 3.5 3.41 3.3
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations 119.9 122.6 123.9 qt 7 1 35 34 3.3
Excluding sales 120.5 123.2 124.5 1.0 7 11 3.5 3.3 3.3
Professional specialty and technical 122.0 124.2 125.7 1.2 4 1.2 32 3.0 3.0
Executive, administrative, and
managerial .. 118.6 121.6 122.9 9 8 VW 38 3.5 3.6
Administrative support, including
clerical 120.4 123.5 124.6 9 7 9 3.9 3.5 3.5
Blue-collar occupations .. 118.8 121.3 122.4 8 7 a) 3.8 3.0 3.0
Service occupations ... 119.9 122.4 123.5 1.0 4 Ww 3.2 29 3.0
Workers, by industry division
Goods-producing 1 . 120.0 123.0 123.9 8 9 7 41 3.3 3.3
Manufacturing 120.6 123.5 124.4 8&8 8 7 42 3.2 3.2
Service-producing 2 119.3 121.7 123.14 qt 6 1.2 3.4 34 3.2
Services ... 122.2 124.2 125.8 1.3 3 1.3 3.4 3.0 29
Health services 124.4 126.6 127.8 1.0 A eS) 3.5 28 27
Hospitals .. 123.9 126.4 127.5 1 4 x) 3.4 3.1 29
Educational services 122.6 123.6 126.0 2.0 3 1.9 3.1 28 28
Public administration 119.3 122.2 123.7 Ww 6 1.2 3.0 3.6 3.7
Nonmanufacturing 119.2 121.7 123.0 Ww 7 1.1 3.4 3.2 3.2
State and local goverment workers .. 121.4 123.1 125.0 15 4 1.5 3.0 29 3.0
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations ... 121.5 122.9 124.9 1.6 2 16 29 28 28
Professional specialty and technical .. 121.7 122.7 125.0 17 2 19 27 25 27
Executive, administrative, and
managerial ... 121.0 123.4 124.7 15 5 Wa 3.6 35 3.1
Administrative support, including
clerical .. 121.0 123.3 124.9 1.2 5 1.3 3.0 34 3.2
Blue-collar occupations .. 120.5, 122.7 124.2 15 3 1.2 3.1 3.4 3.1
Service occupations ..... 121.4 123.9 126.0 14 6 17 3.4 3.5 3.8
Workers, by industry division
Services... 122.2 123.4 125.6 17 2° 1.8 29 27 28
Excluding schools 121.4 123.3 124.9 12 4 13 3.3 28 29
Health services 122.2 125.2 127.2 1.2 8 1.6 3.0 3.7 44
Hospitals 122.0 124.5, 127.0 1.3 6 2.0 29 3.4 41
Educational services .. 122.3 123.1 125.5, 18 2 1.9 29 25 26
Schools .. 122.5 123.4 125.9 18 2 2.0 28 26 28
Elementary and sect 123.0 123.8 126.3 1.8 a 2.0 2.6 25 27
Colleges and universit 120.8 122.0 124.5 1.9 4 2.0 3.3 3.0 34
Public administration... 119.3 122.2 123.7 Ww i) 1.2 3.0 3.6 3.7

7 includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

trage; finance, insurance, and real estate; service industries; and public administration.
Formerly called hospitals and other services.


Table 4. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry

workers, by bargaining status, region, and area size

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994 | Sep. 1993 | June 1994 Sep. 1994
Workers, by bargaining status
Union .. 120.0 123.0 123.8 0.8 0.9 07 42 33 3.2
Blue-collar occupations .. 119.7 122.4 123.1 8 1.0 6 4.3 34 28
Goods-producing industries 1 .. 121.0 123.8 124.4 8 qt 5 46 3.2 28
Service-producing industries 2 118.6 121.8 122.9 8 7 9 3.5 3.5 3.6
Manufacturing .. 121.9 124.8 125.3 7 1.0 4 5.0 34 28
Blue-collar occupations 121.8 124.6 125.1 7 a 4 5.0 3.0 - 27
Nonmanufacturing .. 118.5, 121.5 122.6 a) 8 9 3.5 35 3.5
Nonunion ..... 118.8 121.7 122.7 9 8 8 3.6 3.4 3.3
Blue-collar occupations 117.8 120.4 121.7 8 7 an! 3.4 3.0 3.3
Goods-producing industries 1 119.4 122.6 123.6 7 9 8B 3.7 3.4 3.5
Service-producing industries 118.4 121.1 122.2 1.0 7 9 3.5 3.3 3.2
Manufacturing .. 120.0 122.9 124.0 8 7 a 3.9 3.3 3.3
Blue-collar occupations 119.4 121.9 123.0 8 6 9 3.4 3.0 3.0
Nonmanufacturing .. 118.3 121.1 122.2 9 7 x) 3.5 3.3 3.3
Workers, by region 3
Northeast .. 120.2 122.8 124.0 a 1.0 1.0 41 34 3.2
118.1 120.8 121.8 9 7 8 3.5 3.2 34
120.1 123.6 124.6 7 7 8 4.2 3.6 3.7
117.8 120.5 121.3 1.2 a 7 3.2 3.5 3.0
Workers, by area size
. Metropolitan areas 119.1 121.9 122.9 8 8 8 3.7 3.2 3.2
Other areas .. 118.7 122.5 123.2 8 1.0 6 3.4 4.0 3.8

1 includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail
trae; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast—Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
and Vermont; South—Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of ‘Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South

Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest—ilinois, indiana,
lowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South
Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West—Alaska, Arizona, Califomia, Colorado, Hawaii,
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming,

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the
‘aggregate, occupation, and industry series.


. United States ,
‘ Department >
of Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics . Washington, D.C. 20212

Technical, historical contact: USDL: 94-522
Wayne Shelly (202) 606-6199
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN
Media contact: THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
Kathyrn Hoyle (202) 606-5902 8:30 A.M. (EDT), TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1994

EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX -- SEPTEMBER 1994

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) increased 1.0 percent before seasonal adjustment in the
3 months ended in September 1994, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported
_ today. The September 1994 ECI level of 123.3 (June 1989=100) was 3.2 percent higher than the index in
September 1993. The ECI measures changes in compensation costs, including wages, salaries, and
employer costs for employee benefits.

uarterly changes. se: ally adjusted

. On a seasonally adjusted basis, the ECI rose 0.7 percent in the June-September 1994 quarter,
compared with a 0.9 percent gain in the March-June 1994 quarter. Compensation cost increases have
been in the 0.7-1.0 percent range since September 1991. Wage and salary gains, 0.7 percent in June-
September 1994, also have varied within a relatively small Tange over the past 3 years. Benefit costs rose
1.0 percent in June-September 1994, in line with increases in the past year but below those in the
preceding 6 years.

Table A. Percent changes in ECI for civilian workers

Seasonally adjusted Unadjusted

Compensation 3-months ended 12-months
component 1992 1993 1994 ended

Dec. Mar. June __Sep. Dec. |_Mar. June __ Sep. Sep. 1994
Compensation costs........... 1.0 09 #09 O08 08 0.7 09 07 3.2
Wages and salaries....... 0.8 08 07 O08 07 0.7 08 07 2.9
Benefit costs. 1.3 13° 13 O09 10 09 10 10 3.8

Private industry workers showed the same pattern as civilian workers. Both compensation costs
and wages and salaries rose 0,8 percent in June-September 1994, about the same as the 0.9 percent
increase in March-June 1994 and in line with increases over the past 3 years. Benefit cost gains (1.1
percent) were similar to those over the past year.

Compensation cost increases for state and local government workers, in contrast, slowed to 0.6
percent in June-September 1994, down from 0.9 percent in the preceding quarter. This slowdown was
due primarily to smaller gains in benefit costs (0.5 percent in June-September 1994, down from 1.3
percent).


12

Table 6. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private
industry workers, by industry and occupational group — Continued

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994 | Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994
Wholesale trade .... 115.14 118.3 118.9 0.0 18 05 29 2.8 3.3
Excluding sales occupations 116.3 118.8 119.6 7 8 7 2.6 29 28
Retail trade ... 114.5 117.0 118.0 6 1.6 a) 29 28 3.1
General merchandise stores 114.5 116.4 116.5 1.0 24 aA 25 2.6 17
Food stores . 114.9 117.8 117.4 a4 7 +3 1.8 21 22
Finance, insurance, and real estate 12.3 113.2 113.8 27 “4 5 3.8 3.6 13
Excluding sales occupations ... 114.0 116.0 117.2 8 A 1.0 3.7 26 28
Banking, savings and loan, and other

credit agencies 113.7 115.0 116.5, 7 3 1.3 47 1.9 25
Insurance ... 113.9 116.8 17.7 a) 7 8 11 3.5 3.3
Excluding sales occupations 118.3 121.4 122.3 6 7 7 4.0 3.2 3.4
118.9 121.3 122.2 Ww 4 7 3.2 34 28
ices 115.3 119.4 119.9 6 5 4 1.8 42 4.0
Health services .. 121.7 123.5 124.3 8 3 6 3.2 23 24
Hospitals ... 121.0 123.3 123.9 9 4 5 3.2 28 24
Nursing homes - - - a 8 8 3.8 3.9 3.8
Educational services 120.7 122.2 124.9 28 8 22 3.6 44 3.5
Colleges and universities 121.3 122.2 124.5 3.4 2 1.9 3.4 3.8 26
Nonmanufacturing industries . 115.4 117.7 118.7 Wt 8 8 3.1 3.1 29
White-collar occupations 116.4 118.9 119,7 1.0 8 7 3.2 32 28
Excluding sales ..... 117.6 120.2 121.3 9 7 9 3.2 34 34
Blue-collar occupations . 113.0 115.1 116.4 1.0 8 Ww 3.0 29 3.0
Service occupations ... 114.8 116.7 117.3 6 3 5 2.0 23 22

1 This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly 3 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilties; wholesale and retail

Eampings index, which was discontinued in January 1989. trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. ~ Data not available.


Table 6. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED}

industry workers, by industry and occupational group

ahl

}): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994 | Sep. 1993 | June 1994 Sep. 1994
Private industry workers 115.7 118.1 119.4 1.0 0.8 08 3.4 34 29
Excluding sales .... 115.9 118.3 119.4 8 7 9 3.0 29 3.0
White-collar occupations 116.7 119.3 120.2 1.0 8 8 3.4 3.3 3.0
Excluding sales 117.4 119.9 121.0 9 8 a 3.3 3.0 3.1
Professional specialty 118.9 121.3 122.2 8 7 7 3.1 29 28
116.2 118.8 120.0 8 8 1.0 3.3 3.0 3.3
113.8 116.2 116.5 2.0 1.2 3 37 41 2.4
417.1 119.9 120.9 9 8 8 3.4 3.3 3.2
Blue-collar occupations . 114.1 116.5 117.5 8 8 9 27 29 3.0
Precision production, craft, and 114.2 116.5 117.8 a 9 Ww 29 29 3.2
Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors .... 114.7 117.2 118.0 8 2 7 27 3.0 29
Transportation and material moving 111.7 114.0 115.2 A A V1 22 25 34
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers 114.9 117.3 117.9 5 6 5 25 26 2.6 —
Service occupations... 114.9 116.8 117.6 7 4 7 a4 24 23
Production and nonsupervisory
occupations 1 ., 115.3 117.5 118.5 1.0 8 9 29 29 28
Goods-producing industries 2 ... 115.3 118.0 118.9 7 9 8 29 3.1 3.4
Excluding sales occupations . 114.9 117.4 118.4 6 a a) 2.6 28 3.0
White-collar occupations 117.3 120.3 121.1 8 1.0 7 3.6 3.4 3.2
Excluding sales 116.4 118.8 119.8 7 9 8 34 28 29
114.1 116.6 117.5 6 a3 8 24 28 3.0
115.7 117.7 120.1 Ww 11 2.0 3.1 29 3.8
111.3 113.6 114.6 8 1.2 9 24 29 3.0
Manufacturing .... 116.3 119.0 120.0 7 8 8 3.0 3.0 3.2
White-collar occupations 117.7 120.6 121.7 7 9 9 3.6 3.2 3.4
i 116.7 119.14 120.2 7 a 9 3.3 28 3.0
115.2 117.8 118.7 6 8 8 25 29 3.0
116.0 118.2 120.6 1.3 1.2 2.0 3.3 3.2 4.0
115.9 118.7 119.8 7 8 a 28 34 3.4
116.9 119.5 120.3 5 1.0 7 3.3 28 29
Service-producing iridustries 3 115.9 118.2 119.2 1.0 8&8 8 3.2 3.10" 28
Exciuding sales occupations 116.6 119.0 120.2 a 6 1.0 3.2 29 34
White-collar occupations 116.5 118.9 119.9 11 8 8 3.3 3.2 29
Excluding sales . 117.8 120.4 121.5 a 7 a 3.3 34 34
Blue-collar occupations . 114.1 116.2 117.5 11 & 11 3.4 29 3.0
Service occupations ... 114.9 116.7 117.3 7 3 5 2.0 23 24
Transportation and public util 114.7 117.2 118.9 6 7 15 34 28 3.7
Transportation 112.6 114.8 116.7 5, 5 17 26 25 3.6
Public utilities 117.2 120.1 121.4 7 8 Wa 3.7 3.2 3.6
Communications .. 116.5 119.5 121.0 8 a) 13 3.8 3.4 3.9
Electric, gas, and sanitary services . 118.2 120.9 121.9 7 8 8 3.5 3.0 34
Wholesale and retail trade ... 114.7 117.4 118.3 4 1.6 8 29 28 3.1
Excluding sales occupations 115.2 117.8 118.7 7 14 8 28 3.0 3.0

‘See footnotes at end of table.


Table 3. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry
workers, by industry and occupational group — Continued

indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Sep. 1998 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994 | Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994
Wholesale trade ..... 116.6 119.7 120.6 0.2 15 08 3.0 28 34
Excluding sales occupations 117.6 120.3 1213 7 8 8 3.4 3.0 34
Retail trade ..... 116.2 119.2 120.4 5 14 1.0 29 3.1 3.6
General merchandise stores .. 115.5 118.0 118.7 7 23 6 1.9 29 28
Food stores 117.4 120.6 120.3 4 8 2 25 29 27
Finance, insurance, and real estate . 115.7 117.7 118.5 23 0 7 441 44 24
Excluding sales occupations .. 117.5 120.3 121.5 a 5 1.0 44 3.4 3.4
Banking, savings and loan, and other
credit agencies 116.9 119.4 1208 8 6 12 5.3 2.9 3.3
Insurance 117.4 120.5 121.5 1 5 8 2.2 3.8. 35
Excluding sales occupations .. 121.8 125.0 126.0 1.0 5 8 4.9 3.6 3.4
Services 122.3 124.9 125.9 1.2 4 8 38 3.3 29
Business services 118.1 122.1 122.4 6 7 2 25 4.0 3.6
Health services 125.0. | 127.4 127.9 8 3 6 3.6 25 23
Hospitals ... 124.5 127.4 127.7 9 3 5 3.6 3.0 26
Nursing homes - - - 8 8B 6 3.9 3.9 3.7
Educational services .. 123.8 125.4 128.2 27 7 22 3.8 4.0 3.6
Colleges and universities 125.0 126.0 128.5 29 2 2.0 3.9 3.7 28°
Nonmanufacturing industries 118.4 121.2 1223 1.0 7 9 35 3.4 33
White-collar occupations 119.0 122.1 123.4 x) 8 8 3.6 3.6 3.4
Excluding sales .. 120.4 123.6 124.7 8 7 rc) 3.8 3.5 3.6
Blue-collar occupations 116.6 119.4 120.5 x) 8 12 3.4 3.0 3.3
Service occupations 118.6 120.7 121.3 8 4 5 3.0 25 23
1 This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly 3 includes transportation, communication, dnd public utilities; wholesale and retail
Earpings Index, which was discontinued in January 1989. trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. ~ Data not available.


Table 1. SEASONALLY ADJUSTED: Employment Cost Index for total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefit costs, by
industry and occupational group

Indexes (June

Percent changes for 3-months ended

Series 1989=100)
June 1994 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1992 | Mar. 1993 | June 1993 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994
COMPENSATION
Civilian workers ..... 122.1 123.0 1.0 09 09 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.7
State and local government........] 123.7 124.5 a 7 8 5 7 8 eo] 6
Private industry workers 121.8 122.8 9 1.0" 9 8 8 7 9 8
White-collar occupations. 122.5 123.5 1.0 1.0 9 a 8 8 a) 8
Blue-collar occupations 121.4 122.2 9 1.0 a a 8 5 7 9
Service occupations 121.0 121.7 6 1.0 8 6 7 8 3 6
Goods-producing industries 1...) 122.7 123.7 1.0 1.2 a) 8 8 7 1.0 8&8
Construction 120.1 121.2 1.0 a 8 6 A 17 1.2 a
Manufacturing .. 123.3. 124.5 1.0 1.2 41 8 a 3 1.0 1.0
Durables 123.7 125.2 1.0 1.3 nl 1.0 V1 a 1.0 12
Nondurables .. 122.6 123.3 1.0 a 9 8 7 7 9 6
Service-producing industries 2 121.41 122.2 9 8&8 a) a) a) 7 7 a
Transportation and public
Utilities ... 119.6 121.3 a) 9 9 8 a 1.2 3 14
Wholesale trade 119.4 120.7 Ww 6 7 5 V1 =A 1.3 Ww
Retail trade 118.9 120.3 8 1.0 5 7 8 6 1.0 1.2
Finance, in:
estate 3 .. 117.7 118.5 2 1.2 +4 4 23 6 Ww 0 7
Services .... 125.1 125.8 Ww 9 zs) a 7 1.0 6 6
Nonmanufacturing industries ...[ 121.2 122.2 9 8 a 9 8 8 8 8
WAGES AND SALARIES.
Civilian workers ..... 118.8 119.6 0.8 0.8 07 08 0.7 07 08 0.7
State and local government ........ 121.4 122:3 9 7 8B 6 6 8 8 7
-Private industry workers 118.1 119.0 8 8 6 9 8 5 9 8
White-collar occupations 119.3 120.2 9 8 7 1.0 9 5 3 8
Biue-collar occupations 3 .. 116.5, 117.5 5 8 6 8 6 7 8 9
Service occupations . 116.9 117.5 4 6 5 5 4 1.0 A 5
Goods-producing industries 13 | 118.0 118.9 6 x) 6 7 7 7 ) 8
Construction 113.5, 114.4 5 6 5 7 A 11 1.0 8
Manufacturing 3 119.0 120.0 7 9 7 7 9 6 8 8
Durables 3 .. 118.7 119.8 6 9 6 7 14 5 8 9g
Nondurables 119.4 120.4 an! 8 7 7 6 A 41.0 8
Service-producing industries 2 118.3 119.1 9 7 7 1.0 8 5 c) 7
Transportation and public
utilities .... 417.4 118.9 8 8 a 7 8 7 6 15
Wholesale trade 117.9 119.0 13 5 6 3 1.0 0 1.3 9
Retail trade 116.7 117.8 8 8 5 7 8 3 1.0 9
Finance, insurance, and rec
estate 3 113.2 113.8 A a 0 27 5 7 74 5
Services .... 121.6 122.0 1.0 7 a 7 8 a) 7 3
Nonmanufacturing industries ..]!/ 117.7 118.6 8B 6 7 1.0 7 6 8 8

‘See footnotes at end of table.



Table 9. AEROSPACE (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for workers in aerospace manufacturing, by
industry and occupation

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994 | Sep. 1993 | June 1994 Sep. 1994

COMPENSATION
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 126.7 127.1 128.7 1.8 07 1.3 5.5 24 1.6
White-collar occupations 123.2 123.8 125.3 1.7 a) 1.2 5.3 21 1.7
Blue-collar occupations . 131.5 131.5 133.2 1.8 5 1.3 5.9 1.8 1.3

WAGES AND SALARIES

Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 120.5 123.3 124.0 1.4 0.7 06 3.9 3.8 2.9
White-collar occupations 116.7 119.1 119.8 13 8 6 4.0 3.4 27
Blue-collar occupations... 126.1 129.4 130.2 1.6 5 6 3.8 43 3.3

BENEFIT COSTS
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 140.1 135.3 138.7 2.3 0.7 25 8.7 12 1.0
White-collar occupations 138.7 134.7 138.0 24 9 24 8.0 75 75
Blue-collar occupations ... 141.9 135.6 139.0 24 4 25 9.6 2.4 2.0

NOTE: SIC refers to the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification ‘System code as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.


17

comparable to those for the aggregate, industry, and occupation series. A fuller explanation of the
calculation of index numbers appears in an article, "Estimation procedures for the Employment
Cost Index," in the May 1982 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. .

Beginning with the March 1990 ECI release, indexes were rebased to June 1989=100. A
description of the rebasing is included in the article "Employment Cost Index Rebased to June

1989," in the April 1990 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

Beginning with the December 1990 ECI release, seasonally adjusted data are available for
selected ECI series. Seasonal adjustment removes the effects of events that follow a more or less
regular pattern each year. These adjustments make nonseasonal patterns easier to spot. ECI series
are seasonally adjusted using either direct or composite seasonally adjusted estimates. Industry and
occupational series, such as construction and service occupations, are adjusted directly. More
aggregate series, such as civilian or private industry workers, use composite estimates. The
composite estimates could be obtained by aggregating either the industry or the occupational
components, and the results may differ depending on which method is used. The aggregate
seasonally adjusted ECI series are estimated by aggregating the component seasonally adjusted
industry series, so they are not necessarily a weighted average of the component occupation series.

The costs per hour worked of compensation components, based on March 1993 data from
the ECT, are published in a separate news release titled "Employer Costs for Employee
Compensation - March 1994." A description of the cost levels is provided in the article "Analyzing
employers’ costs for wages, salaries, and benefits" in the October 1987 issue of the Monthly Labor
Review. The cost levels, which are published annually in mid-June, are calculated with current
employment weights, rather than the fixed 1980 Census weights used in computing the ECI.

Therefore, year-to-year changes in the cost levels will usually differ from those in the ECI.

More detailed information on the ECI is available in several sources. These include an
annual bulletin, Employment Cost Indexes and Levels, 1975-94, (Bulletin 2447); a chapter in the
BLS Handbook of Methods (Bulletin 2414), "The Employment Cost Index;" and several articles
published in the Monthly Labor Review. The annual bulietin is available from the Superintendent
of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Publications Sales Center, P.O. Box 2145, Chicago, Illinois 60690. Reprints of the
articles plus other descriptive pieces and a complete historical listing are available upon request.
ECT historical data are also available on data diskettes.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon
request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, Telecommunications Device for the Deaf (TDD) phone: 202-
606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone Number: 1-800-326-2577.


3

BLS Data Now Available on the INTERNET

LABSTAT, the Bureau of Labor Statistics public database, provides current and historical
data for many surveys as well as numerous press releases. LABSTAT on the Internet is
composed of individual databases (in flat file format) corresponding to each of the surveys.
Internet users should use Anonymous FTP to access BLS data: stats.bls.gov. Non-Internet
users should use the limited dial-in service through a Bulletin Board Service to access
BLS data; phone number (202) 606-7060.

The Employment Cost Index and Employer Costs for Employee Compensation are identified by
the two-character survey name EC. .

For each news release published by the BLS, the two most current issues are stored in the
pub/news.release directory.

If you have qustions or comments regarding the LABSTAT system on the Internet, address e-mail
to labstat.helpdesk @bls.gov.

Changes in wages and salaries and benefit costs, private industry, 1980-94

12-month percent change 12-month percent change
15 15
web: ” 414
13 - 7 13
we oF % 4 12
we zi 44
10 zi + 10
ob : 4s
gr Benefit costs 78
a 47
Br 46
BE 45
ab 44
3 43
ab 42
ter 41
0 i 1 it L i i it { L 1 L 1 i 1 i

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994



Over-the-year changes, unadjusted

Compensation costs (not seasonally adjusted) increased 3.2 percent for the year ended in
September 1994, the same as the gains for the years ended in both March and June 1994. These increases
are the lowest since the series began in 1981. This pattern of moderate increases held for both private
industry workers (3.3 percent in September 1993-94 and 3.4 percent in June 1993-94) and state and local
governments (3.0 percent and 2.9 percent, respectively).

Private industry workers' wage and salary gains slowed from 3.1 percent in June 1993-94 to 2.9
percent in September 1993-94. This slowdown was due largely to sales workers; excluding sales
workers, the wage and salary increases were about the same in the two periods (2.9 percent and 3.0
percent).

For the year ended September 1994, compensation cost gains in private industry were about the
same in goods-producing industries (3.3 percent) and service-producing industries (3.2 percent).
Compensation cost increases in goods-producing industries ranged from 2.9 percent in nondurable goods
manufacturing to 3.9 percent in construction. Gains in service-producing industries ranged from 2.3
percent in health services to 4.3 percent in transportation.

Over-the-year compensation cost increases in private industry were higher for white-collar
workers (3.4 percent) than for blue-collar workers (3.0 percent) or service workers (2.4 percent).
Compensation cost increases for white-collar occupations ranged from 3.1 percent for sales workers to 3.8
percent for executive, administrative, and managerial occupations. Within blue-collar occupations,
compensation cost gains ranged from 2.4 percent for machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors to 3.8
percent for traisportation and material moving occupations.

Compensation cost increases over the year ended September 1994 were about the same for union
(3.2 percent) and nonunion workers (3.3 percent). There was, however, a very different pattern in goods-
producing than in service-producing industries. In goods-producing industries, union increases averaged
2.8 percent, compared with 3.5 percent for nonunion workers; in service-producing industries, union
gains averaged 3.6 percent compared with 3.2 percent for nonunion.

Beginning with the March 1995 news release, ECI estimates will be based on 1990
counts of occupational employment by industry, rather than on 1980 employment
counts.

ECI data for December 1994 will be released on Tuesday, January 31, 1994, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).


Table 7. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private

industry workers, by bargaining status, region, and area size

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994
Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994 | Sep. 1993 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994
Workers, by bargaining status
Union ... 114.8 117.6 118.6 08 0.9 0.9 28 3.2 3.3
Blue-collar occupations . 113.7 116.2 117.3 B8 1.0 9 26 3.0 3.2
Goods-producing industries 1 113.8 116.7 417.5 7 VA 7 24 3.3 3.3
Service-producing industries 2 116.0 118.7 120.1 8 6 1.2 34 34 35
Manufacturing 114.6 117.8 118.5, 6 1.0 & 2.6 3.4 3.4
Blue-collar occupations 114.4 117.6 118.3 5 1.0 6 25 3.3 3.4
Nonmanufacturing 114.9 117.3 118.6 BS) 8 Ww 29 3.0 3.2
Nonunion .... 115.9 118.3 119.2 1.0 8 8 34 3.0 28
Blue-collar occupations .. 114.4 116.7 117.7 7 7 9 28 27 29
Goods-producing industries 1 .. 116.0 118.6 119.5 7 9 8 3.0 3.0 3.0
Service-producing industries 2 115.9 118.1 119.0 Ww 8 8 3.2 3.4 27
Manufacturing .... 117.0 119.5 120.5 8 8 8 3.2 29 3.0
Blue-collar occupations 116.0 118.1 119.1 7 5 8 26 2.5 27
Nonmanufacturing 115.5, 117.8 118.7 1.0 8 8 34 34 28
Workers, by region 3
Northeast 116.8 118.8 120.0 1.0 8 1.0 3.4 27 27
South 115.3 117.4 118.5 3 7 9 29 27 28
Midwest. . 115.2 118.3 119.5 5 7 1.0 3.0 3.2 37
West ... 115.3 117:9 118.1 1.4 V1 2 28 3.7 24
Workers, by area size
Metropolitan areas 115.8 118.1 119.1 1.0 8 8 31 3.0 28
Other areas ..... 115.0 118.1 118.6 5 9 4 27 3.2 34

7 includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail
trae: finance, insurance, and real estate; and. service industries.
‘The, regional coverage is as follows: Northeast—Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
and Vermont, South—Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware; District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South

Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest—Illinois, indiana,
lowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South
Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West—Alaska, Arizona, Califomia, Colorado, Hawaii,
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the
aggregate, occupation, and industry series.


16
EXPLANATORY NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) is a measure of the change in the cost of labor, free from
the influence of employment shifts among occupations and industries. The compensation series
includes changes in wages and salaries and employer costs for employee benefits. The wage and
salary series and the benefit cost series provide the change for the two components of
compensation.

Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage rate or, for workers not paid
on an hourly basis, straight-time earnings divided by the corresponding hours. Straight-time wage
and salary rates are total earnings before payroll deductions, excluding premium pay for overtime
and for work on weekends and holidays, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses such as
lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases. Production bonuses, incentive earnings,
commission payments, and cost-of-living adjustments are included in straight-time wage and salary
Tates.

Benefits covered by the ECI are: Paid leave (vacations, holidays, sick leave, and other
leave); supplemental pay (premium pay for overtime, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses
such as lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases); insurance benefits (life, health,
and sickness and accident); retirement and savings benefits (pension and other retirement plans and
savings and thrift plans); legally required benefits (social security, railroad retirement and
supplemental retirement, railroad unemployment insurance, Federal and State unemployment
insurance, workers' compensation, and other legally required benefits such as State temporary
disability); and other benefits (severance pay and supplemental unemployment plans).

The ECI provides data for the civilian economy, which includes the total private economy
and the public sector--excluding farms, households, and the Federal government. The private
industry series and the State and local government series provide data for the two sectors separately.

Each quarter, straight-time average hourly wage and salary rates and benefit cost data
(cents-per-hour-worked) are collected from a probability sample of nearly 22,000 occupations
within over 4,200 sample establishments in private industry and nearly 7,000 occupations within
1,000 sample establishments in State and local governments. Data are collected for the pay period
including the 12th day of the survey months of March, June, September, and December.

The sample establishments are classified in industry categories based on the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC), as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

Within an establishment, specific job categories are selected to represent broader
occupational definitions. Since June 1986, the jobs have been classified according to definitions
used in the 1980 Census. Prior to June 1986, they were classified according to the 1970 Census.
Differences between the two classification systems are slight, as indicated in the article
"Introducing new weights for the Employment Cost Index," in the June 1985 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.

Fixed employment weights are used each quarter to calculate the most aggregate indexes--
civilian, private, and State and local governments. These fixed weights are also used to derive all of
the industry and occupation series indexes. Since June 1986, employment counts from the 1980
Census have been used as weights. Prior to June 1986, employment counts from the 1970 Census
were used.

For the series based on bargaining status, region, or area size, employment data are not
available from the Census. The employment weights are reallocated within these series each
quarter based on the current ECI sample. The indexes for these series, consequently, are not strictly