Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-21-2075

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, December 3, 2021

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — NOVEMBER 2021

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 210,000 in November, and the unemployment rate fell by 

0.4 percentage point to 4.2 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains 

occurred in professional and business services, transportation and warehousing, construction, and 

manufacturing. Employment in retail trade declined over the month.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate fell by 0.4 percentage point to 4.2 percent in November. The number of 

unemployed persons fell by 542,000 to 6.9 million. Both measures are down considerably from their 

highs at the end of the February-April 2020 recession. However, they remain above their levels prior to 

the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (3.5 percent and 5.7 million, respectively, in February 2020). 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

November 2019 – November 2021

Percent

125,000

130,000

135,000

140,000

145,000

150,000

155,000

160,000

Nov-19 Feb-20 May-20 Aug-20 Nov-20 Feb-21 May-21 Aug-21 Nov-21

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

November 2019 – November 2021

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Nov-19 Feb-20 May-20 Aug-20 Nov-20 Feb-21 May-21 Aug-21 Nov-21
-2-

(See table A-1. See the box note on page 5 for more information about how the household survey and its 

measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.0 percent), adult women 

(4.0 percent), Whites (3.7 percent), Blacks (6.7 percent), and Hispanics (5.2 percent) declined in 

November. The jobless rates for teenagers (11.2 percent) and Asians (3.8 percent) showed little change 

over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers declined by 205,000 to 1.9 million in 

November but is 623,000 higher than in February 2020. The number of persons on temporary layoff

decreased by 255,000 to 801,000 in November. This measure is down from the high of 18.0 million in 

April 2020 and has nearly returned to its February 2020 level of 750,000. (See table A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 2.2 million, changed 

little in November but is 1.1 million higher than in February 2020. The long-term unemployed 

accounted for 32.1 percent of the total unemployed in November. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate edged up to 61.8 percent in November. The participation rate is 1.5 

percentage points lower than in February 2020. The employment-population ratio increased by 0.4 

percentage point to 59.2 percent in November. This measure is up from its low of 51.3 percent in April 

2020 but remains below the figure of 61.1 percent in February 2020. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.3 million, changed little in 

November. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time 

because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. This figure was about 

the same as in February 2020. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 5.9 million in 

November, little changed over the month but up by 849,000 since February 2020. These individuals 

were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to 

the labor force was little changed at 1.6 million in November. These individuals wanted and were 

available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for 

work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the 

marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, was essentially unchanged over 

the month at 450,000. (See Summary table A.)

Household Survey Supplemental Data

In November, the share of employed persons who teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic

declined by 0.3 percentage point to 11.3 percent. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked 

or worked at home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey specifically because of the 

pandemic.

In November, 3.6 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer 

closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at 

some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the pandemic. This measure was little different 
-3-

from the level of 3.8 million in October. Among those who reported in November that they were unable 

to work because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 15.8 percent received at least some pay 

from their employer for the hours not worked, little changed from the prior month.

Among those not in the labor force in November, 1.2 million persons were prevented from looking for 

work due to the pandemic, little changed from October. (To be counted as unemployed, by definition, 

individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.)

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May 2020 to 

help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables 

with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at 

www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 210,000 in November. Thus far this year, monthly job 

growth has averaged 555,000. Nonfarm employment has increased by 18.5 million since April 2020 but 

is down by 3.9 million, or 2.6 percent, from its pre-pandemic level in February 2020. In November, 

notable job gains occurred in professional and business services, transportation and warehousing, 

construction, and manufacturing. Employment in retail trade declined over the month. (See table B-1. 

See the box note on page 5 for more information about how the establishment survey and its measures 

were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.)

Professional and business services added 90,000 jobs in November. Job gains continued in 

administrative and waste services (+42,000), although employment in its temporary help services 

component changed little (+6,000). Job growth also continued in management and technical consulting 

services (+12,000) and in computer system design and related services (+10,000). Employment in 

professional and business services overall is 69,000 below its level in February 2020.

Employment in transportation and warehousing increased by 50,000 in November and is 210,000 

above its February 2020 level. In November, job gains occurred in couriers and messengers (+27,000) 

and in warehousing and storage (+9,000).

Construction employment rose by 31,000 in November, following gains of a similar magnitude in the 

prior 2 months. In November, employment continued to trend up in specialty trade contractors 

(+13,000), construction of buildings (+10,000), and heavy and civil engineering construction (+8,000). 

Construction employment is 115,000 below its February 2020 level. 

Manufacturing added 31,000 jobs in November. Job gains occurred in miscellaneous durable goods 

manufacturing (+10,000) and fabricated metal products (+8,000), while motor vehicles and parts lost 

jobs (-10,000). Employment in machinery declined by 6,000, largely reflecting a strike. Manufacturing 

employment is down by 253,000 since February 2020.

Employment in financial activities continued to trend up in November (+13,000) and is 30,000 above 

its February 2020 level. Job growth occurred in securities, commodity contracts, and investments in 

November (+9,000). 

Employment in retail trade declined by 20,000 in November, with job losses in general merchandise 

stores (-20,000); clothing and clothing accessories stores (-18,000); and sporting goods, hobby, book, 
-4-

and music stores (-9,000). These losses were partially offset by job gains in food and beverage stores 

(+9,000) and in building material and garden supply stores (+7,000). Retail trade employment is 

176,000 lower than in February 2020.

Employment in leisure and hospitality changed little in November (+23,000), following large gains 

earlier in the year. Leisure and hospitality has added 2.4 million jobs thus far in 2021, but employment 

in the industry is down by 1.3 million, or 7.9 percent, since February 2020.

Health care employment was about unchanged in November (+2,000). Within the industry, 

employment in ambulatory health care services continued to trend up (+17,000), while nursing and 

residential care facilities lost 11,000 jobs. Employment in health care is down by 450,000 since February 

2020, with nursing and residential care facilities accounting for nearly all of the loss. 

In November, employment showed little change in other major industries, including mining, wholesale 

trade, information, other services, and public and private education. 

In November, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 

8 cents to $31.03. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 4.8 percent. In 

November, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose 

by 12 cents to $26.40. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.8

hours in November. In manufacturing, the average workweek edged up by 0.1 hour to 40.4 hours, and 

overtime was unchanged at 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory

employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.1 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for September was revised up by 67,000, from 

+312,000 to +379,000, and the change for October was revised up by 15,000, from +531,000 to 

+546,000. With these revisions, employment in September and October combined is 82,000 higher than 

previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and 

government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________

The Employment Situation for December is scheduled to be released on Friday, January 7, 2022, 

at 8:30 a.m. (ET).
-5-

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on November 2021 Household

and Establishment Survey Data

Data collection for both surveys was affected by the pandemic. In the establishment survey, more data 

continued to be collected by web than in months prior to the pandemic. In the household survey, for the 

safety of both interviewers and respondents, in-person interviews were conducted only when telephone 

interviews could not be done. 

As in previous months, some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been classified in the 

household survey as unemployed on temporary layoff were instead misclassified as employed but not at 

work. However, the share of responses that may have been misclassified was highest in the early months 

of the pandemic and has been considerably lower in recent months. 

Since March 2020, BLS has published an estimate of what the unemployment rate might have been had 

misclassified workers been included among the unemployed. Repeating this same approach, the 

seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in November 2021 would have been 0.1 percentage point higher 

than reported. However, this represents the upper bound of our estimate of misclassification and 

probably overstates the size of the misclassification error. 

More information about the impact of the pandemic on the two surveys is available at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-november-2021.htm.

Upcoming Changes to Household Survey Data

In accordance with usual practice, The Employment Situation news release for December 2021, 

scheduled for January 7, 2022, will incorporate annual revisions in seasonally adjusted household survey 

data. Seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years are subject to revision.

Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2022 on February 4, 2022, new 

population controls will be used in the household survey estimation process. These new controls will 

reflect a "blended base," which is 2010 Census-based and controlled to elements from the 2020 Census 

and other sources. In accordance with usual practice, historical data will not be revised to incorporate the 

new controls; consequently, household survey data for January 2022 will not be directly comparable 

with data for December 2021 or earlier periods. A table showing the effects of the new controls on the 

major labor force series will be included in the January 2022 news release.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Change from:

Oct. 2021-

Nov. 2021

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 261,085 261,766 261,908 262,029 121

Civilian labor force........................................................... 160,536 161,354 161,458 162,052 594

Participation rate.......................................................... 61.5 61.6 61.6 61.8 0.2

Employed................................................................... 149,809 153,680 154,039 155,175 1,136

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 57.4 58.7 58.8 59.2 0.4

Unemployed............................................................... 10,728 7,674 7,419 6,877 -542

Unemployment rate.................................................... 6.7 4.8 4.6 4.2 -0.4

Not in labor force............................................................ 100,548 100,412 100,450 99,977 -473

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 6.7 4.8 4.6 4.2 -0.4

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 6.6 4.7 4.3 4.0 -0.3

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 6.2 4.2 4.4 4.0 -0.4

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 13.9 11.5 11.9 11.2 -0.7

White.......................................................................... 5.9 4.2 4.0 3.7 -0.3

Black or African American.................................................. 10.3 7.9 7.9 6.7 -1.2

Asian.......................................................................... 6.7 4.2 4.2 3.8 -0.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 8.4 6.3 5.9 5.2 -0.7

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 6.0 4.2 4.0 3.7 -0.3

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 9.2 7.9 7.4 5.7 -1.7

High school graduates, no college........................................ 7.8 5.8 5.4 5.2 -0.2

Some college or associate degree........................................ 6.3 4.5 4.4 3.7 -0.7

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 4.2 2.5 2.4 2.3 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 7,468 4,065 3,719 3,323 -396

Job leavers...................................................................... 698 788 840 847 7

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,968 2,289 2,210 2,154 -56

New entrants.................................................................... 551 490 537 440 -97

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,455 2,237 2,085 1,972 -113

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,404 1,872 1,966 1,773 -193

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,875 990 994 877 -117

27 weeks and over............................................................. 3,929 2,683 2,326 2,190 -136

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 6,641 4,468 4,423 4,286 -137

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 5,223 3,180 3,178 2,940 -238

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,167 975 947 1,066 119

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 18,580 20,389 20,605 20,474 -131

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 2,083 1,744 1,681 1,625 -56

Discouraged workers........................................................ 657 450 455 450 -5

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 379 546 210

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 424 628 235

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 65 94 60

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 3 -2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 35 43 31

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 29 48 31

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 15 32 15

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.7 -2.9 19.3 -10.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 14 16 16

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 359 534 175

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 9.9 12.5 8.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.1 39.1 37.8 -20.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.6 63.4 59.8 49.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.6 -0.3 0.1 -0.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 4 11 -2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 12 26 13

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 111 121 90

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.0 14.9 46.4 6.2

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 16 59 4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 37.2 47.6 5.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 108 170 23

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 -4 36 10

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -95 -45 -82 -25

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 651 469 378

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748 581 519 429

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 49.8 49.8 49.8

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 48.4 48.5 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.5 81.4 81.6 81.6

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 34.8 34.7 34.8

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $29.61 $30.84 $30.95 $31.03

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,030.43 $1,073.23 $1,073.97 $1,079.84

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.0 109.9 110.2 110.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.5

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.0 162.1 163.0 164.2

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 1.5 0.6 0.7

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (257 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 65.0 73.9 63.0

Manufacturing (75 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.3 58.0 66.7 67.3

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 144,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 697,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 

(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261,085 261,908 262,029 261,085 261,469 261,611 261,766 261,908 262,029

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,468 161,863 162,099 160,536 161,347 161,537 161,354 161,458 162,052

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 61.8 61.9 61.5 61.7 61.7 61.6 61.6 61.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,203 154,966 155,797 149,809 152,645 153,154 153,680 154,039 155,175

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 59.2 59.5 57.4 58.4 58.5 58.7 58.8 59.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,264 6,896 6,302 10,728 8,702 8,384 7,674 7,419 6,877

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 4.3 3.9 6.7 5.4 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,617 100,045 99,930 100,548 100,123 100,074 100,412 100,450 99,977

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,791 5,567 5,491 7,127 6,517 5,682 5,969 5,978 5,859

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,296 126,719 126,779 126,296 126,499 126,570 126,648 126,719 126,779

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,934 85,725 85,793 85,161 85,507 85,684 85,797 85,720 86,011

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 67.6 67.7 67.4 67.6 67.7 67.7 67.6 67.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,291 82,163 82,474 79,267 80,712 81,100 81,501 81,825 82,366

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 64.8 65.1 62.8 63.8 64.1 64.4 64.6 65.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,643 3,562 3,318 5,894 4,795 4,584 4,296 3,896 3,645

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 4.2 3.9 6.9 5.6 5.4 5.0 4.5 4.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,363 40,994 40,986 41,135 40,992 40,886 40,850 40,998 40,768

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,936 118,406 118,466 117,936 118,192 118,261 118,337 118,406 118,466

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,134 82,786 82,929 82,226 82,526 82,665 82,847 82,689 83,009

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.6 69.9 70.0 69.7 69.8 69.9 70.0 69.8 70.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,904 79,556 79,904 76,777 78,041 78,440 78,927 79,163 79,694

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 67.2 67.4 65.1 66.0 66.3 66.7 66.9 67.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,230 3,230 3,025 5,449 4,484 4,225 3,919 3,526 3,314

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 3.9 3.6 6.6 5.4 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,802 35,620 35,537 35,710 35,667 35,597 35,490 35,717 35,457

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,788 135,189 135,250 134,788 134,970 135,041 135,118 135,189 135,250

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,534 76,138 76,306 75,376 75,840 75,853 75,557 75,737 76,041

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.0 56.3 56.4 55.9 56.2 56.2 55.9 56.0 56.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,913 72,803 73,323 70,542 71,934 72,054 72,179 72,214 72,809

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.6 53.9 54.2 52.3 53.3 53.4 53.4 53.4 53.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,621 3,335 2,984 4,834 3,906 3,799 3,378 3,523 3,232

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 4.4 3.9 6.4 5.2 5.0 4.5 4.7 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,254 59,052 58,944 59,413 59,130 59,188 59,561 59,452 59,209

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,604 127,051 127,112 126,604 126,837 126,906 126,982 127,051 127,112

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,695 73,296 73,463 72,395 72,883 72,842 72,533 72,784 73,058

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.4 57.7 57.8 57.2 57.5 57.4 57.1 57.3 57.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,407 70,274 70,786 67,941 69,235 69,357 69,466 69,604 70,168

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.0 55.3 55.7 53.7 54.6 54.7 54.7 54.8 55.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,289 3,022 2,677 4,453 3,648 3,485 3,067 3,179 2,890

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 4.1 3.6 6.2 5.0 4.8 4.2 4.4 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,909 53,755 53,649 54,209 53,954 54,065 54,449 54,267 54,054

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,545 16,451 16,450 16,545 16,440 16,443 16,447 16,451 16,450

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,639 5,780 5,707 5,915 5,938 6,031 5,975 5,984 5,985

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 35.1 34.7 35.8 36.1 36.7 36.3 36.4 36.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,893 5,137 5,107 5,091 5,369 5,357 5,287 5,271 5,312

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.6 31.2 31.0 30.8 32.7 32.6 32.1 32.0 32.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745 644 600 825 569 674 687 714 673

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 11.1 10.5 13.9 9.6 11.2 11.5 11.9 11.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,906 10,670 10,743 10,630 10,502 10,412 10,473 10,466 10,465

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,685 202,138 202,199 201,685 201,888 201,968 202,057 202,138 202,199

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,065 124,407 124,666 124,038 124,413 124,332 124,222 124,333 124,652

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 61.5 61.7 61.5 61.6 61.6 61.5 61.5 61.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,041 119,891 120,431 116,665 118,428 118,697 119,023 119,338 119,985

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 59.3 59.6 57.8 58.7 58.8 58.9 59.0 59.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,024 4,517 4,234 7,373 5,985 5,635 5,199 4,995 4,666

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 3.6 3.4 5.9 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,620 77,731 77,533 77,647 77,475 77,635 77,835 77,805 77,547

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,598 64,725 64,941 64,648 64,858 64,856 64,996 64,784 65,023

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 69.8 70.0 69.9 70.0 70.0 70.1 69.9 70.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,953 62,644 62,962 60,844 61,701 61,980 62,295 62,424 62,835

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 67.5 67.9 65.8 66.6 66.9 67.2 67.3 67.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,645 2,081 1,979 3,804 3,157 2,875 2,700 2,360 2,188

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 3.2 3.0 5.9 4.9 4.4 4.2 3.6 3.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,014 55,170 55,310 54,717 54,993 54,816 54,578 54,870 54,994

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 56.7 56.8 56.4 56.6 56.4 56.1 56.4 56.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,200 53,184 53,435 51,765 52,538 52,496 52,571 52,736 52,948

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.8 54.6 54.9 53.3 54.0 54.0 54.0 54.2 54.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,814 1,986 1,875 2,953 2,455 2,319 2,007 2,134 2,046

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 3.6 3.4 5.4 4.5 4.2 3.7 3.9 3.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,453 4,512 4,415 4,673 4,562 4,661 4,648 4,679 4,634

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.7 37.4 36.6 38.5 37.8 38.7 38.5 38.8 38.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,887 4,062 4,035 4,056 4,189 4,220 4,157 4,177 4,202

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.1 33.7 33.5 33.4 34.7 35.0 34.5 34.6 34.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565 450 380 616 373 441 492 501 432

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 10.0 8.6 13.2 8.2 9.5 10.6 10.7 9.3

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,486 33,699 33,725 33,486 33,619 33,645 33,673 33,699 33,725

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,166 20,689 20,478 20,165 20,430 20,717 20,634 20,590 20,493

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.2 61.4 60.7 60.2 60.8 61.6 61.3 61.1 60.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,184 19,120 19,232 18,087 18,757 18,892 18,996 18,959 19,128

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.3 56.7 57.0 54.0 55.8 56.2 56.4 56.3 56.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,982 1,568 1,246 2,077 1,673 1,825 1,638 1,631 1,366

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 7.6 6.1 10.3 8.2 8.8 7.9 7.9 6.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,320 13,011 13,247 13,321 13,189 12,928 13,039 13,109 13,232

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,197 9,540 9,450 9,217 9,402 9,491 9,399 9,484 9,485

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.1 66.9 66.3 65.2 66.2 66.7 66.0 66.5 66.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,217 8,779 8,823 8,184 8,609 8,628 8,644 8,693 8,788

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 61.6 61.9 57.9 60.6 60.7 60.7 61.0 61.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 980 761 626 1,033 793 864 755 791 697

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 8.0 6.6 11.2 8.4 9.1 8.0 8.3 7.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,295 10,447 10,352 10,242 10,293 10,480 10,442 10,390 10,299

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 61.2 60.6 60.4 60.5 61.5 61.2 60.9 60.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,395 9,742 9,874 9,320 9,511 9,652 9,683 9,665 9,786

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 57.1 57.8 55.0 55.9 56.7 56.8 56.6 57.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 705 478 921 782 828 759 725 513

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 6.7 4.6 9.0 7.6 7.9 7.3 7.0 5.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674 702 677 706 735 746 794 716 710

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.0 29.4 28.4 29.3 30.8 31.2 33.3 30.0 29.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572 599 535 583 637 612 669 601 554

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.8 25.1 22.4 24.2 26.7 25.6 28.0 25.2 23.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 102 142 123 98 134 125 115 156

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1 14.6 20.9 17.4 13.3 17.9 15.7 16.1 21.9

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,558 16,485 16,513 16,558 16,514 16,555 16,540 16,485 16,513

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,366 10,756 10,767 10,380 10,654 10,610 10,635 10,742 10,755

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 65.2 65.2 62.7 64.5 64.1 64.3 65.2 65.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,675 10,312 10,365 9,685 10,094 10,122 10,190 10,288 10,346

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 62.5 62.8 58.5 61.1 61.1 61.6 62.4 62.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 445 402 695 559 488 446 454 409

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 4.1 3.7 6.7 5.3 4.6 4.2 4.2 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,192 5,729 5,746 6,179 5,861 5,945 5,905 5,744 5,758

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 44,559 45,159 45,232 44,559 44,927 45,004 45,083 45,159 45,232

Civilian labor force................................ 29,240 29,736 30,079 29,152 29,529 29,534 29,617 29,681 30,001

Participation rate............................... 65.6 65.8 66.5 65.4 65.7 65.6 65.7 65.7 66.3

Employed....................................... 26,821 28,154 28,648 26,688 27,576 27,652 27,738 27,934 28,436

Employment-population ratio............... 60.2 62.3 63.3 59.9 61.4 61.4 61.5 61.9 62.9

Unemployed.................................... 2,419 1,582 1,431 2,463 1,953 1,882 1,880 1,748 1,565

Unemployment rate......................... 8.3 5.3 4.8 8.4 6.6 6.4 6.3 5.9 5.2

Not in labor force................................. 15,319 15,423 15,153 15,407 15,398 15,470 15,466 15,478 15,231

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,971 16,220 16,411 15,951 16,228 16,285 16,403 16,256 16,457

Participation rate............................... 79.4 79.5 80.3 79.3 79.9 80.1 80.5 79.7 80.5

Employed....................................... 14,753 15,495 15,766 14,700 15,225 15,318 15,411 15,409 15,699

Employment-population ratio............... 73.3 75.9 77.1 73.0 75.0 75.3 75.6 75.5 76.8

Unemployed.................................... 1,218 724 645 1,251 1,003 967 992 848 758

Unemployment rate......................... 7.6 4.5 3.9 7.8 6.2 5.9 6.0 5.2 4.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,910 12,127 12,296 11,821 12,020 11,977 11,915 12,029 12,156

Participation rate............................... 58.4 58.6 59.4 58.0 58.4 58.1 57.7 58.2 58.7

Employed....................................... 10,946 11,485 11,666 10,851 11,209 11,253 11,253 11,347 11,517

Employment-population ratio............... 53.7 55.5 56.3 53.2 54.5 54.6 54.5 54.9 55.6

Unemployed.................................... 964 642 629 970 811 725 662 681 640

Unemployment rate......................... 8.1 5.3 5.1 8.2 6.7 6.0 5.6 5.7 5.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,358 1,389 1,373 1,380 1,280 1,271 1,300 1,396 1,388

Participation rate............................... 33.6 34.1 33.7 34.2 31.6 31.3 32.0 34.3 34.1

Employed....................................... 1,121 1,173 1,216 1,137 1,142 1,081 1,074 1,177 1,221

Employment-population ratio............... 27.8 28.8 29.9 28.2 28.2 26.7 26.4 28.9 30.0

Unemployed.................................... 237 216 157 243 138 190 226 219 167

Unemployment rate......................... 17.5 15.5 11.4 17.6 10.8 15.0 17.4 15.7 12.1

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 9,418 8,921 8,915 9,276 9,254 9,158 9,127 9,033 8,792

Participation rate.................................. 46.4 45.9 45.8 45.7 46.7 45.8 45.3 46.5 45.1

Employed.......................................... 8,585 8,365 8,462 8,418 8,377 8,448 8,406 8,367 8,294

Employment-population ratio................. 42.3 43.1 43.5 41.4 42.3 42.2 41.7 43.1 42.6

Unemployed....................................... 833 555 452 858 877 710 721 666 498

Unemployment rate............................ 8.8 6.2 5.1 9.2 9.5 7.8 7.9 7.4 5.7

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,246 35,575 35,562 35,163 34,947 35,347 34,858 35,276 35,390

Participation rate.................................. 55.5 55.5 55.9 55.4 55.3 55.3 55.1 55.0 55.7

Employed.......................................... 32,622 33,774 33,831 32,435 32,735 33,232 32,838 33,365 33,538

Employment-population ratio................. 51.4 52.7 53.2 51.1 51.8 52.0 51.9 52.0 52.7

Unemployed....................................... 2,624 1,801 1,731 2,728 2,211 2,115 2,020 1,911 1,853

Unemployment rate............................ 7.4 5.1 4.9 7.8 6.3 6.0 5.8 5.4 5.2

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,833 35,710 35,605 35,644 35,896 35,845 35,826 35,354 35,406

Participation rate.................................. 62.6 63.4 62.9 62.3 63.0 63.6 63.0 62.7 62.5

Employed.......................................... 33,647 34,236 34,374 33,387 34,111 34,019 34,200 33,783 34,081

Employment-population ratio................. 58.8 60.8 60.7 58.4 59.9 60.4 60.2 60.0 60.2

Unemployed....................................... 2,185 1,474 1,231 2,257 1,785 1,826 1,626 1,571 1,324

Unemployment rate............................ 6.1 4.1 3.5 6.3 5.0 5.1 4.5 4.4 3.7

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 59,719 61,068 61,484 59,620 60,927 60,794 60,785 60,973 61,355

Participation rate.................................. 72.3 72.0 72.2 72.2 72.4 72.3 72.1 71.9 72.1

Employed.......................................... 57,287 59,654 60,181 57,095 59,027 59,077 59,246 59,493 59,956

Employment-population ratio................. 69.3 70.3 70.7 69.1 70.1 70.2 70.3 70.2 70.4

Unemployed....................................... 2,432 1,414 1,303 2,524 1,900 1,717 1,539 1,480 1,400

Unemployment rate............................ 4.1 2.3 2.1 4.2 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.3

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2021

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,315 17,950 16,408 16,029 1,907 1,921

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,764 8,444 7,636 7,277 1,128 1,167

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 47.0 46.5 45.4 59.2 60.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,213 8,117 7,144 6,996 1,068 1,121

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.8 45.2 43.5 43.6 56.0 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 327 492 281 60 46

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 3.9 6.4 3.9 5.3 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,551 9,506 8,772 8,752 779 754

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,540 4,595 3,752 3,779 789 815

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,532 3,633 2,979 3,052 553 582

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.8 79.1 79.4 80.8 70.1 71.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,288 3,476 2,766 2,915 522 560

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.4 75.7 73.7 77.1 66.1 68.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 158 212 136 32 21

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 4.3 7.1 4.5 5.7 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,009 961 773 727 236 234

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,065 3,150 2,578 2,661 486 490

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,251 2,263 1,934 1,925 317 338

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.5 71.8 75.0 72.3 65.2 69.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,145 2,203 1,839 1,878 305 324

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 69.9 71.3 70.6 62.8 66.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 61 95 47 12 14

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 2.7 4.9 2.4 3.7 4.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814 887 644 736 169 151

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,676 6,297 6,443 6,075 233 222

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,175 1,021 1,146 971 29 50

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.6 16.2 17.8 16.0 12.6 22.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,100 976 1,071 930 29 45

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.5 15.5 16.6 15.3 12.6 20.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 46 75 41 0 5

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 4.5 6.6 4.2 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,501 5,276 5,297 5,104 204 172

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,034 3,908 3,635 3,514 399 394

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,806 1,526 1,577 1,329 229 197

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.8 39.0 43.4 37.8 57.3 50.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,680 1,463 1,468 1,272 212 191

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 37.4 40.4 36.2 53.1 48.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 63 109 56 17 6

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 4.1 6.9 4.3 7.3 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,228 2,382 2,058 2,185 170 197

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233,995 234,974 105,486 106,190 128,510 128,784

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,673 151,411 76,357 77,439 73,316 73,972

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.0 64.4 72.4 72.9 57.1 57.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,243 145,654 71,337 74,520 68,906 71,134

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 62.0 67.6 70.2 53.6 55.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,430 5,757 5,019 2,919 4,411 2,838

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 3.8 6.6 3.8 6.0 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,322 83,563 29,129 28,751 55,193 54,812

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2021 data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2021

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,169 31,963 230,916 230,066

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,163 7,455 154,305 154,644

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.4 23.3 66.8 67.2

Employed............................................................................. 5,407 6,878 144,796 148,919

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 17.9 21.5 62.7 64.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 755 577 9,509 5,725

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.3 7.7 6.2 3.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,006 24,508 76,611 75,422

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,740 3,103 76,194 76,582

Participation rate..................................................................... 35.3 39.5 81.4 82.1

Employed............................................................................. 2,380 2,832 71,246 73,727

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 30.7 36.1 76.1 79.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 359 271 4,948 2,855

Unemployment rate............................................................... 13.1 8.7 6.5 3.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,021 4,752 17,450 16,724

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,350 2,929 68,384 68,506

Participation rate..................................................................... 31.8 35.9 70.5 71.5

Employed............................................................................. 2,029 2,710 64,343 65,898

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 27.5 33.3 66.4 68.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 321 219 4,042 2,607

Unemployment rate............................................................... 13.7 7.5 5.9 3.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,030 5,221 28,579 27,304

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,073 1,422 9,726 9,556

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.1 8.9 24.1 23.3

Employed............................................................................. 998 1,336 9,207 9,293

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.6 8.4 22.8 22.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 75 87 519 263

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.0 6.1 5.3 2.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,956 14,534 30,582 31,394

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2021

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 42,730 44,048 20,477 21,519 22,253 22,529

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,494 28,895 15,806 16,686 11,689 12,209

Participation rate.................................................. 64.3 65.6 77.2 77.5 52.5 54.2

Employed.......................................................... 25,644 27,853 14,888 16,139 10,757 11,713

Employment-population ratio................................. 60.0 63.2 72.7 75.0 48.3 52.0

Unemployed....................................................... 1,850 1,043 918 546 932 496

Unemployment rate............................................ 6.7 3.6 5.8 3.3 8.0 4.1

Not in labor force.................................................... 15,236 15,152 4,672 4,833 10,564 10,319

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 218,355 217,981 105,819 105,260 112,536 112,721

Civilian labor force.................................................. 132,973 133,204 69,128 69,107 63,845 64,097

Participation rate.................................................. 60.9 61.1 65.3 65.7 56.7 56.9

Employed.......................................................... 124,559 127,944 64,403 66,335 60,156 61,609

Employment-population ratio................................. 57.0 58.7 60.9 63.0 53.5 54.7

Unemployed....................................................... 8,414 5,260 4,725 2,772 3,689 2,487

Unemployment rate............................................ 6.3 3.9 6.8 4.0 5.8 3.9

Not in labor force.................................................... 85,381 84,777 36,691 36,153 48,690 48,624

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,441 2,418 2,194 2,432 2,305 2,329 2,249 2,306 2,201

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,590 1,596 1,429 1,553 1,584 1,606 1,519 1,511 1,423

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 820 785 727 837 708 712 724 759 741

Unpaid family workers........................... 30 37 38 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 147,763 152,548 153,603 147,314 150,481 151,115 151,693 151,676 152,732

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 139,095 142,933 144,279 138,891 140,487 141,168 141,768 142,280 143,855

Government..................................... 20,637 20,586 20,936 20,418 20,761 20,793 20,487 20,453 20,668

Private industries............................... 118,458 122,347 123,343 118,525 119,955 120,345 121,741 121,872 123,141

Private households.......................... 626 766 654 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 117,832 121,581 122,689 117,902 119,334 119,608 120,981 120,954 122,402

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,622 9,548 9,277 8,570 9,571 9,541 9,418 9,442 9,256

Unpaid family workers........................... 45 68 47 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,492 4,094 4,163 6,641 4,483 4,469 4,468 4,423 4,286

Slack work or business conditions............. 5,131 2,913 2,819 5,223 2,965 3,183 3,180 3,178 2,940

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,151 928 1,085 1,167 1,116 1,032 975 947 1,066

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,449 21,128 21,322 18,580 20,087 20,359 20,389 20,605 20,474

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,423 3,998 4,121 6,582 4,351 4,414 4,406 4,328 4,263

Slack work or business conditions............. 5,087 2,838 2,789 5,176 2,908 3,126 3,130 3,059 2,865

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,142 927 1,085 1,163 1,099 1,019 960 946 1,071

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,043 20,773 20,948 18,182 19,736 20,027 20,003 20,268 20,107

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,203 154,966 155,797 149,809 152,645 153,154 153,680 154,039 155,175

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,893 5,137 5,107 5,091 5,369 5,357 5,287 5,271 5,312

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,748 1,999 2,026 1,797 1,971 2,025 2,013 1,981 2,064

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,146 3,137 3,081 3,277 3,378 3,293 3,256 3,284 3,236

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,310 149,830 150,690 144,718 147,277 147,797 148,393 148,768 149,863

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,169 13,800 13,842 13,203 13,342 13,238 13,498 13,709 13,831

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,142 136,030 136,848 131,461 134,135 134,652 134,958 135,223 135,988

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,394 99,355 100,032 95,861 98,131 98,289 98,346 98,746 99,363

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,767 35,257 35,622 33,581 34,589 34,742 34,664 35,010 35,356

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,290 33,237 33,354 32,098 32,923 32,914 32,915 33,020 33,145

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,337 30,862 31,056 30,182 30,620 30,633 30,767 30,716 30,862

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,748 36,674 36,815 35,600 36,003 36,363 36,611 36,477 36,625

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,291 82,163 82,474 79,267 80,712 81,100 81,501 81,825 82,366

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,387 2,608 2,571 2,490 2,670 2,660 2,574 2,661 2,672

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809 972 958 863 944 949 974 979 1,010

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,578 1,636 1,613 1,630 1,720 1,691 1,584 1,685 1,667

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,904 79,556 79,904 76,777 78,041 78,440 78,927 79,163 79,694

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,662 6,969 7,074 6,722 6,713 6,769 6,868 6,969 7,112

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,241 72,587 72,830 70,040 71,479 71,690 72,046 72,168 72,504

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,207 53,007 53,157 51,025 52,220 52,348 52,398 52,700 52,881

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,984 18,855 18,945 17,889 18,472 18,535 18,516 18,714 18,788

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,334 17,866 17,899 17,288 17,707 17,699 17,793 17,784 17,852

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,889 16,286 16,313 15,848 16,041 16,115 16,090 16,202 16,242

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,034 19,580 19,673 19,015 19,259 19,342 19,647 19,467 19,623

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,913 72,803 73,323 70,542 71,934 72,054 72,179 72,214 72,809

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,506 2,529 2,537 2,600 2,698 2,697 2,713 2,610 2,640

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939 1,027 1,068 934 1,027 1,076 1,040 1,002 1,054

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,567 1,501 1,469 1,647 1,658 1,602 1,672 1,600 1,569

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,407 70,274 70,786 67,941 69,235 69,357 69,466 69,604 70,168

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,506 6,831 6,768 6,481 6,629 6,469 6,630 6,740 6,719

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,900 63,443 64,018 61,422 62,655 62,962 62,912 63,055 63,483

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,187 46,348 46,875 44,836 45,911 45,941 45,948 46,045 46,482

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,783 16,401 16,677 15,692 16,116 16,207 16,149 16,296 16,568

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,956 15,371 15,455 14,810 15,216 15,215 15,122 15,236 15,293

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,448 14,576 14,743 14,334 14,579 14,519 14,677 14,514 14,620

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,714 17,095 17,142 16,586 16,744 17,021 16,964 17,010 17,002

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,753 43,910 44,274 43,754 43,823 43,641 43,593 43,706 44,225

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,165 35,209 35,700 34,795 35,208 35,043 35,013 34,907 35,300

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,541 9,696 9,738 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,325 128,848 129,322 124,292 127,466 127,436 128,027 128,306 129,260

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,879 26,119 26,475 25,373 25,360 25,783 25,747 25,906 25,948

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,690 7,166 7,180 6,559 7,026 7,041 7,045 6,978 7,063

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.6

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,236 6,334 6,363 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,443 10,332 10,004 9,408 10,279 10,253 10,142 10,201 9,997

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 10,728 7,419 6,877 6.7 5.4 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.2

16 to 19 years..................................... 825 714 673 13.9 9.6 11.2 11.5 11.9 11.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 314 247 247 14.9 9.7 11.6 11.4 11.1 10.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 507 473 421 13.4 9.4 11.0 11.6 12.6 11.5

20 years and over................................ 9,903 6,705 6,204 6.4 5.2 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,580 1,104 1,131 10.7 9.1 9.3 8.0 7.5 7.6

25 years and over.............................. 8,409 5,624 5,166 6.0 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.7

25 to 54 years............................... 6,193 4,303 3,891 6.1 4.9 4.7 4.4 4.2 3.8

25 to 34 years............................. 2,530 1,764 1,557 7.0 6.1 5.6 5.3 4.8 4.2

35 to 44 years............................. 1,910 1,331 1,340 5.6 4.7 4.4 4.0 3.9 3.9

45 to 54 years............................. 1,753 1,208 993 5.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.1

55 years and over........................... 2,202 1,372 1,266 5.8 4.4 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.3

Men, 16 years and over............................ 5,894 3,896 3,645 6.9 5.6 5.4 5.0 4.5 4.2

16 to 19 years..................................... 444 370 330 15.1 10.4 11.9 12.8 12.2 11.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 146 117 130 14.5 10.1 11.2 12.3 10.7 11.4

18 to 19 years.................................. 299 257 196 15.5 10.5 12.6 13.3 13.2 10.5

20 years and over................................ 5,449 3,526 3,314 6.6 5.4 5.1 4.7 4.3 4.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 904 633 637 11.9 10.4 9.7 9.3 8.3 8.2

25 years and over.............................. 4,617 2,938 2,736 6.2 4.9 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.6

25 to 54 years............................... 3,433 2,227 2,109 6.3 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.1 3.8

25 to 34 years............................. 1,491 987 872 7.7 6.2 5.9 5.7 5.0 4.4

35 to 44 years............................. 1,028 689 731 5.6 4.7 4.5 4.1 3.7 3.9

45 to 54 years............................. 914 551 506 5.5 4.1 4.2 3.7 3.3 3.0

55 years and over........................... 1,183 711 627 5.9 4.4 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.1

Women, 16 years and over........................ 4,834 3,523 3,232 6.4 5.2 5.0 4.5 4.7 4.3

16 to 19 years..................................... 380 344 343 12.8 8.7 10.4 10.3 11.6 11.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 168 130 117 15.2 9.3 11.9 10.5 11.5 10.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 208 217 225 11.2 8.3 9.3 10.0 11.9 12.5

20 years and over................................ 4,453 3,179 2,890 6.2 5.0 4.8 4.2 4.4 4.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 676 471 494 9.4 7.7 9.0 6.5 6.5 6.8

25 years and over.............................. 3,792 2,686 2,430 5.8 4.7 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.7

25 to 54 years............................... 2,759 2,076 1,782 5.8 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.3 3.7

25 to 34 years............................. 1,039 776 685 6.2 6.0 5.3 4.9 4.5 4.0

35 to 44 years............................. 882 643 610 5.6 4.7 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.8

45 to 54 years............................. 839 657 487 5.5 3.5 3.9 4.1 4.3 3.2

55 years and over........................... 1,020 649 630 5.8 4.3 3.8 3.4 3.7 3.6

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,854 1,139 1,061 4.1 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.5 2.3

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,644 1,090 1,027 4.5 3.3 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.8

Women who maintain families2.................... 798 610 493 7.7 8.5 7.9 6.8 5.9 4.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 9,145 6,184 5,800 6.9 5.5 5.2 4.9 4.6 4.3

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,610 1,286 1,082 6.0 5.0 5.2 4.2 4.7 4.0

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 7,219 3,306 3,079 7,468 4,960 4,468 4,065 3,719 3,323

On temporary layoff.............................. 2,615 693 673 2,762 1,239 1,252 1,124 1,056 801

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 4,603 2,613 2,406 4,705 3,721 3,217 2,941 2,663 2,522

Permanent job losers.......................... 3,647 2,082 1,839 3,718 2,930 2,487 2,251 2,126 1,921

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 956 530 567 987 791 730 689 537 601

Job leavers........................................... 680 869 828 698 930 822 788 840 847

Reentrants............................................ 1,855 2,186 2,010 1,968 2,287 2,487 2,289 2,210 2,154

New entrants......................................... 511 536 385 551 463 512 490 537 440

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 70.3 47.9 48.9 69.9 57.4 53.9 53.3 50.9 49.1

On temporary layoff.............................. 25.5 10.1 10.7 25.9 14.3 15.1 14.7 14.5 11.8

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 44.8 37.9 38.2 44.0 43.1 38.8 38.5 36.4 37.3

Job leavers........................................... 6.6 12.6 13.1 6.5 10.8 9.9 10.3 11.5 12.5

Reentrants............................................ 18.1 31.7 31.9 18.4 26.5 30.0 30.0 30.2 31.8

New entrants......................................... 5.0 7.8 6.1 5.2 5.4 6.2 6.4 7.4 6.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 4.5 2.0 1.9 4.7 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.1

Job leavers........................................... 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3

New entrants......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,291 1,884 1,791 2,455 2,257 2,083 2,237 2,085 1,972

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,293 1,762 1,575 2,404 1,861 2,066 1,872 1,966 1,773

15 weeks and over.................................. 5,681 3,251 2,936 5,804 4,599 4,343 3,674 3,320 3,067

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,807 919 805 1,875 1,174 1,164 990 994 877

27 weeks and over............................... 3,873 2,332 2,131 3,929 3,425 3,179 2,683 2,326 2,190

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 24.0 27.7 29.6 23.0 29.5 29.6 28.4 26.7 28.9

Median duration, in weeks......................... 18.8 13.1 12.8 18.9 15.2 14.7 13.3 12.0 12.7

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 22.3 27.3 28.4 23.0 25.9 24.5 28.7 28.3 29.0

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 22.3 25.5 25.0 22.5 21.3 24.3 24.1 26.7 26.0

15 weeks and over.................................. 55.3 47.1 46.6 54.4 52.8 51.1 47.2 45.0 45.0

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 17.6 13.3 12.8 17.6 13.5 13.7 12.7 13.5 12.9

27 weeks and over............................... 37.7 33.8 33.8 36.8 39.3 37.4 34.5 31.6 32.1

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2021

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 150,203 155,797 10,264 6,302 6.4 3.9

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 63,387 66,060 2,415 1,308 3.7 1.9

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 27,272 28,334 1,107 629 3.9 2.2

Professional and related occupations.......................... 36,116 37,726 1,309 679 3.5 1.8

Service occupations................................................ 23,822 25,252 2,583 1,506 9.8 5.6

Sales and office occupations...................................... 30,632 30,883 1,978 1,232 6.1 3.8

Sales and related occupations.................................. 14,711 14,528 991 633 6.3 4.2

Office and administrative support occupations............... 15,921 16,355 987 599 5.8 3.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,677 13,890 1,085 728 7.4 5.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,006 909 117 66 10.4 6.8

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,024 8,250 694 518 8.0 5.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,648 4,731 274 145 5.6 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,685 19,712 1,672 1,123 8.2 5.4

Production occupations.......................................... 7,848 7,928 563 355 6.7 4.3

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 10,837 11,785 1,108 768 9.3 6.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2021

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 10,264 6,302 6.4 3.9

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 8,289 5,032 6.5 3.9

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 137 50 19.2 8.6

Construction.......................................................................... 732 469 7.3 4.7

Manufacturing........................................................................ 708 478 4.7 3.1

Durable goods..................................................................... 400 296 4.3 3.0

Nondurable goods................................................................ 308 182 5.4 3.3

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,252 833 6.0 4.2

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 591 455 8.0 5.5

Information............................................................................ 196 99 8.2 4.1

Financial activities................................................................... 343 196 3.5 2.0

Professional and business services............................................... 1,027 700 5.9 3.8

Education and health services..................................................... 904 555 3.7 2.3

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,896 988 15.0 7.5

Other services........................................................................ 502 209 8.1 3.3

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 141 79 8.4 5.4

Government workers................................................................... 722 415 3.4 1.9

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 601 391 5.9 3.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2020

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021

Nov.

2021

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 3.5 2.0 1.8 3.6 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.1 1.9

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 4.5 2.0 1.9 4.7 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.1

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 6.4 4.3 3.9 6.7 5.4 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.2

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 6.8 4.5 4.2 7.1 5.7 5.4 5.0 4.9 4.5

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 7.6 5.2 4.8 7.9 6.5 6.1 5.8 5.6 5.2

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 11.6 7.7 7.4 12.0 9.2 8.8 8.5 8.3 7.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2021

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2021

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 100,617 99,930 41,363 40,986 59,254 58,944

Persons who currently want a job................................ 6,791 5,491 3,396 2,523 3,395 2,968

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 2,068 1,594 1,094 780 974 814

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 674 471 419 288 256 183

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,394 1,123 676 492 718 631

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 6,690 7,180 3,195 3,535 3,496 3,645

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.5 4.6 4.0 4.3 4.9 5.0

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,776 3,946 1,969 2,130 1,807 1,816

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,675 1,750 548 556 1,127 1,194

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 279 333 176 185 103 148

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 899 1,107 474 630 425 477

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Change

from:

Oct.2021 -

Nov.2021p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,121 147,650 149,226 150,004 142,809 147,855 148,401 148,611 210

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,128 125,691 127,022 127,693 121,321 125,848 126,476 126,711 235

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,203 20,737 20,836 20,811 20,146 20,570 20,664 20,724 60

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 646 653 648 597 644 647 645 -2

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.7 43.9 43.4 43.2 44.9 43.3 42.7 42.5 -0.2

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.1 602.2 609.4 604.6 552.5 600.4 604.3 602.7 -1.6

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.8 141.7 143.3 141.6 139.4 140.0 141.0 139.8 -1.2

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.7 185.1 184.9 184.1 176.2 182.7 183.1 183.2 0.1

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.3 42.2 42.5 42.0 39.3 42.3 42.4 42.1 -0.3

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 42.2 42.8 43.0 41.9 42.4 43.0 43.2 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.8 100.7 99.6 99.1 95.0 98.0 97.8 98.0 0.2

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236.6 275.4 281.2 278.9 236.9 277.7 280.2 279.7 -0.5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,413 7,626 7,666 7,605 7,353 7,459 7,502 7,533 31

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,657.6 1,719.8 1,728.1 1,725.3 1,651.2 1,701.7 1,705.6 1,715.6 10.0

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844.3 887.9 897.0 896.4 836.7 883.7 884.8 888.9 4.1

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813.3 831.9 831.1 828.9 814.5 818.0 820.8 826.7 5.9

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,058.8 1,104.8 1,113.8 1,088.5 1,036.2 1,044.0 1,056.5 1,064.6 8.1

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,696.4 4,800.9 4,824.4 4,790.7 4,665.6 4,713.2 4,740.1 4,753.1 13.0

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,141.6 2,202.1 2,216.1 2,202.1 2,132.2 2,173.3 2,180.9 2,187.1 6.2

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,554.8 2,598.8 2,608.3 2,588.6 2,533.4 2,539.9 2,559.2 2,566.0 6.8

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,191 12,465 12,517 12,558 12,196 12,467 12,515 12,546 31

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,570 7,739 7,776 7,795 7,580 7,753 7,785 7,800 15

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398.7 410.3 413.4 416.0 398.8 410.9 412.5 414.5 2.0

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399.3 402.5 401.4 404.3 396.7 399.5 397.9 400.6 2.7

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348.5 353.9 355.1 357.0 350.0 356.3 357.7 358.4 0.7

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,376.5 1,419.1 1,423.9 1,431.6 1,383.1 1,424.6 1,430.4 1,438.3 7.9

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,051.5 1,080.7 1,081.1 1,076.3 1,055.6 1,086.4 1,087.9 1,081.9 -6.0

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,071.2 1,088.5 1,092.0 1,091.1 1,071.0 1,090.1 1,093.1 1,091.8 -1.3

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 162.2 167.0 167.2 167.7 162.2 166.9 167.3 167.7 0.4

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.1 85.0 84.8 84.6 85.0 85.2 85.3 84.7 -0.6

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.1 373.8 374.5 374.4 367.4 374.2 375.4 374.8 -0.6

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422.4 428.4 430.7 429.5 422.2 429.6 430.7 430.1 -0.6

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.3 34.8 34.9 34.2 34.1 34.5 34.5 0.0

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 371.8 380.4 381.6 385.4 372.1 380.9 382.3 385.6 3.3

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,595.2 1,614.6 1,633.3 1,627.7 1,594.7 1,613.1 1,629.2 1,625.4 -3.8

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905.0 914.9 936.2 928.4 906.9 914.5 933.8 923.7 -10.1

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.2 361.4 361.9 362.3 355.0 362.2 361.8 361.5 -0.3

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.1 627.7 632.0 643.3 602.7 628.8 631.7 641.7 10.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,621 4,726 4,741 4,763 4,616 4,714 4,730 4,746 16

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,634.1 1,655.0 1,662.0 1,671.5 1,629.1 1,649.5 1,653.1 1,660.5 7.4

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.6 98.5 99.1 99.8 95.6 98.4 98.8 99.4 0.6

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.5 107.9 108.8 109.0 103.9 107.7 108.4 108.3 -0.1

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.4 93.6 93.5 94.4 89.2 92.9 93.1 93.9 0.8

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.5 353.5 353.6 357.3 355.6 354.3 355.2 357.4 2.2

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 373.1 377.4 380.2 382.7 370.7 376.7 379.9 379.8 -0.1

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.5 103.0 103.7 102.4 103.9 101.3 101.5 101.5 0.0

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838.5 854.6 858.6 859.3 839.6 859.0 862.8 862.8 0.0

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716.1 734.8 736.3 741.3 717.8 736.4 739.3 740.9 1.6

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311.7 347.2 345.3 344.8 310.4 338.2 338.2 341.7 3.5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,925 104,954 106,186 106,882 101,175 105,278 105,812 105,987 175

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,520 27,409 27,761 28,343 26,983 27,603 27,714 27,751 37

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,615.0 5,724.8 5,747.2 5,764.3 5,602.4 5,726.8 5,739.3 5,747.3 8.0

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,064.8 3,142.7 3,156.1 3,165.3 3,064.4 3,142.4 3,155.7 3,163.7 8.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,069.0 2,104.6 2,111.4 2,117.2 2,058.2 2,106.1 2,105.1 2,105.0 -0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Change

from:

Oct.2021 -

Nov.2021p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481.2 477.5 479.7 481.8 479.8 478.3 478.5 478.6 0.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,487.9 15,279.6 15,500.1 15,831.7 15,129.7 15,416.6 15,454.4 15,434.0 -20.4

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,940.2 1,987.7 1,984.9 1,985.1 1,941.0 1,986.6 1,986.0 1,987.1 1.1

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,229.9 1,254.5 1,249.0 1,250.9 1,229.7 1,255.6 1,251.4 1,251.6 0.2

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.0 166.6 165.9 162.3 154.0 165.0 166.3 166.5 0.2

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 560.3 566.6 570.0 571.9 557.3 566.0 568.2 568.9 0.7

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 443.4 440.6 448.2 458.5 432.8 447.3 447.0 446.7 -0.3

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 455.3 418.6 438.4 449.7 435.3 425.7 428.4 427.1 -1.3

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,363.3 1,365.4 1,342.4 1,339.8 1,402.8 1,377.1 1,366.0 1,373.3 7.3

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,161.3 3,071.2 3,102.7 3,138.6 3,139.2 3,088.0 3,106.5 3,115.1 8.6

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 969.5 1,007.1 1,032.8 1,057.9 950.1 1,018.5 1,026.7 1,031.1 4.4

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938.5 960.0 960.5 962.8 937.4 955.3 958.2 960.5 2.3

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,029.5 1,035.2 1,060.0 1,114.9 966.8 1,062.3 1,062.1 1,044.4 -17.7

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.1 487.8 494.9 505.0 456.4 495.4 492.9 484.0 -8.9

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,300.2 3,047.8 3,153.2 3,319.6 3,091.3 3,095.3 3,111.8 3,091.4 -20.4

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,092.5 972.2 1,015.2 1,109.7 982.4 1,006.7 1,005.1 997.6 -7.5

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 2,207.7 2,075.6 2,138.0 2,209.9 2,108.9 2,088.6 2,106.7 2,093.8 -12.9

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779.9 824.3 833.3 832.9 773.2 828.8 828.6 828.9 0.3

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622.7 633.9 648.8 666.9 603.4 636.3 640.2 644.4 4.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,876.7 5,870.1 5,977.9 6,210.8 5,711.3 5,923.6 5,983.4 6,033.1 49.7

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392.9 457.5 465.1 468.9 394.3 458.2 467.0 470.4 3.4

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.0 142.3 142.3 142.5 143.3 142.0 142.2 142.5 0.3

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 60.3 58.8 57.5 59.8 59.3 58.5 59.0 0.5

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,480.5 1,520.4 1,531.1 1,530.3 1,472.8 1,507.8 1,515.7 1,521.3 5.6

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389.5 404.7 419.3 419.7 372.7 393.5 404.4 403.5 -0.9

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.3 49.5 49.6 49.8 50.2 49.5 49.5 49.7 0.2

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 21.2 38.3 35.9 32.7 25.1 33.0 35.1 37.6 2.5

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 699.2 727.8 740.5 747.5 694.5 729.0 739.0 741.5 2.5

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,173.4 1,004.9 1,014.8 1,208.1 1,063.9 1,074.0 1,072.8 1,099.6 26.8

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,468.3 1,464.4 1,520.5 1,553.8 1,434.7 1,477.3 1,499.2 1,508.0 8.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540.0 534.5 535.9 536.4 539.5 536.4 536.5 536.1 -0.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,659 2,771 2,790 2,797 2,650 2,782 2,793 2,791 -2

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 758.2 769.8 772.3 776.2 755.2 770.1 773.4 774.3 0.9

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260.6 332.2 347.8 344.6 258.4 338.1 348.6 345.2 -3.4

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248.2 239.5 238.4 237.4 247.9 238.9 237.3 236.8 -0.5

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681.2 668.6 670.5 672.0 679.0 670.2 672.3 669.6 -2.7

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.2 380.4 380.9 380.6 352.7 383.3 380.0 379.8 -0.2

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357.0 380.4 380.2 386.0 357.0 381.2 381.6 385.7 4.1

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,763 8,860 8,907 8,915 8,756 8,866 8,892 8,905 13

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,542.2 6,537.5 6,564.5 6,580.3 6,532.8 6,549.2 6,561.1 6,570.4 9.3

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 20.2 20.2 20.1 20.1 20.3 20.2 20.1 20.2 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,669.2 2,660.0 2,659.1 2,660.2 2,668.9 2,665.9 2,663.6 2,661.5 -2.1

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,751.3 1,717.3 1,715.1 1,715.6 1,754.7 1,723.9 1,721.5 1,718.9 -2.6

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,365.3 1,327.3 1,323.6 1,322.8 1,368.3 1,332.9 1,329.3 1,326.6 -2.7

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 601.2 619.8 620.8 620.1 599.9 619.0 619.9 619.8 -0.1

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 316.7 322.9 323.2 324.5 314.3 323.0 322.2 322.8 0.6

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 971.5 995.3 1,010.4 1,018.3 971.6 997.6 1,008.1 1,016.9 8.8

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,881.3 2,862.0 2,874.9 2,881.7 2,872.0 2,865.5 2,869.3 2,871.8 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,220.9 2,322.3 2,342.4 2,335.0 2,223.6 2,317.0 2,330.7 2,334.1 3.4

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,714.3 1,771.0 1,791.3 1,791.7 1,712.5 1,773.8 1,779.9 1,784.8 4.9

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.0 529.2 528.5 520.7 488.6 520.9 528.3 526.9 -1.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Change

from:

Oct.2021 -

Nov.2021p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 22.6 22.1 22.6 22.6 22.5 22.3 22.5 22.4 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,580 21,207 21,603 21,708 20,391 21,189 21,310 21,400 90

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,475.6 9,885.4 10,036.2 10,101.8 9,466.2 9,972.4 10,032.3 10,076.1 43.8

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,125.3 1,142.5 1,157.1 1,160.6 1,122.8 1,148.5 1,153.6 1,156.3 2.7

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 966.3 1,005.3 1,023.2 1,049.6 997.6 1,071.6 1,077.9 1,085.5 7.6

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,523.7 1,593.9 1,606.6 1,603.1 1,521.6 1,592.0 1,594.8 1,596.8 2.0

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.1 142.6 145.6 146.6 134.0 143.7 144.3 145.3 1.0

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,203.5 2,279.5 2,313.4 2,328.7 2,190.0 2,286.6 2,298.0 2,307.5 9.5

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,550.5 1,649.9 1,694.1 1,703.0 1,535.5 1,649.6 1,670.5 1,682.5 12.0

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779.3 828.6 836.8 842.6 779.9 835.3 840.1 843.4 3.3

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 437.5 451.1 454.8 457.7 436.2 453.8 453.8 455.4 1.6

Other professional and technical services. . . 754.4 792.0 804.6 809.9 748.6 791.2 799.2 803.5 4.3

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,339.1 2,337.2 2,341.8 2,347.1 2,339.9 2,338.5 2,343.9 2,347.8 3.9

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,765.7 8,984.7 9,224.9 9,259.5 8,584.8 8,877.7 8,934.0 8,975.6 41.6

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,315.7 8,528.5 8,761.5 8,799.2 8,134.8 8,423.6 8,474.7 8,517.1 42.4

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 525.3 566.3 571.6 577.0 523.4 566.0 569.7 573.6 3.9

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.6 150.9 153.5 152.1 153.3 151.8 152.2 151.8 -0.4

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,323.0 3,438.0 3,645.5 3,686.3 3,176.2 3,395.1 3,437.7 3,461.4 23.7

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,713.3 2,776.6 2,963.7 3,003.4 2,558.5 2,739.2 2,785.6 2,791.8 6.2

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819.8 779.1 788.7 809.1 800.3 785.6 781.9 787.6 5.7

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.8 165.9 165.0 163.4 149.1 167.1 166.3 164.6 -1.7

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 909.9 898.6 899.6 907.2 903.2 896.7 898.3 899.0 0.7

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,138.3 2,205.7 2,210.7 2,183.1 2,130.8 2,141.5 2,147.9 2,158.3 10.4

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297.0 324.0 326.9 321.0 298.5 319.9 320.6 320.8 0.2

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450.0 456.2 463.4 460.3 450.0 454.1 459.3 458.5 -0.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,510 23,584 23,917 24,006 23,278 23,709 23,768 23,772 4

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,555.5 3,564.7 3,771.3 3,803.8 3,388.2 3,612.9 3,624.8 3,622.5 -2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,954.6 20,019.4 20,146.0 20,201.8 19,889.4 20,095.7 20,143.3 20,149.0 5.7

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,979.5 15,969.5 16,044.2 16,078.8 15,935.4 15,996.9 16,039.8 16,041.9 2.1

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,708.0 7,864.0 7,933.6 7,969.6 7,680.4 7,881.3 7,923.3 7,940.3 17.0

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,672.1 2,711.5 2,732.8 2,743.3 2,660.1 2,716.6 2,728.9 2,731.3 2.4

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 983.8 1,023.0 1,029.4 1,036.7 981.2 1,025.6 1,028.1 1,031.9 3.8

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 944.2 998.3 1,013.2 1,023.0 941.3 1,004.7 1,012.9 1,019.7 6.8

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998.8 1,010.9 1,013.2 1,017.5 998.4 1,012.1 1,012.8 1,015.3 2.5

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 286.2 297.4 299.1 298.8 286.3 298.5 298.8 299.3 0.5

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,516.7 1,505.0 1,529.8 1,531.4 1,508.8 1,506.7 1,526.0 1,525.7 -0.3

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306.2 317.9 316.1 318.9 304.3 317.2 315.8 317.1 1.3

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,148.2 5,144.9 5,153.8 5,154.5 5,136.3 5,144.1 5,149.8 5,145.9 -3.9

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,123.3 2,960.6 2,956.8 2,954.7 3,118.7 2,971.5 2,966.7 2,955.7 -11.0

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,443.3 1,347.3 1,351.7 1,347.9 1,439.0 1,349.8 1,356.5 1,348.1 -8.4

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 614.0 592.8 590.0 590.4 613.3 592.9 590.9 589.8 -1.1

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911.1 870.5 865.7 866.2 911.5 877.8 869.6 867.7 -1.9

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 154.9 150.0 149.4 150.2 154.9 150.9 149.7 150.1 0.4

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,975.1 4,049.9 4,101.8 4,123.0 3,954.0 4,098.8 4,103.5 4,107.1 3.6

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,624.8 2,656.3 2,689.2 2,695.5 2,618.7 2,684.9 2,690.7 2,694.4 3.7

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 185.4 184.1 184.6 187.9 185.1 185.6 185.6 186.9 1.3

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 278.7 282.3 286.1 285.7 280.1 284.9 286.7 287.4 0.7

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886.2 927.2 941.9 953.9 870.1 943.3 940.5 938.4 -2.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,418 15,397 15,435 15,332 13,632 15,388 15,558 15,581 23

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,698.8 2,212.3 2,164.2 2,095.9 1,816.5 2,198.2 2,221.7 2,226.8 5.1

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 320.4 483.9 488.1 482.7 329.3 472.3 480.4 487.9 7.5

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.8 145.4 146.9 144.0 133.5 146.6 148.0 147.7 -0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Change

from:

Oct.2021 -

Nov.2021p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,248.6 1,583.0 1,529.2 1,469.2 1,353.7 1,579.3 1,593.3 1,591.2 -2.1

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 11,719.2 13,184.8 13,270.7 13,236.3 11,815.6 13,189.5 13,336.5 13,354.1 17.6

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,411.3 1,794.0 1,779.0 1,748.4 1,453.6 1,771.4 1,796.0 1,802.6 6.6

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 10,307.9 11,390.8 11,491.7 11,487.9 10,362.0 11,418.1 11,540.5 11,551.5 11.0

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,475 5,726 5,773 5,781 5,485 5,741 5,777 5,787 10

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,309.9 1,374.5 1,392.6 1,403.4 1,311.9 1,376.6 1,386.3 1,396.4 10.1

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,311.1 1,423.5 1,446.6 1,439.6 1,311.6 1,421.3 1,449.7 1,444.7 -5.0

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,853.6 2,927.6 2,933.9 2,938.2 2,861.6 2,942.6 2,940.9 2,945.6 4.7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,993 21,959 22,204 22,311 21,488 22,007 21,925 21,900 -25

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,895 2,888 2,875 2,887 2,888 2,882 2,877 2,879 2

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,281.0 2,285.1 2,277.2 2,269.3 2,283.7 2,274.6 2,272.7 2,270.4 -2.3

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613.8 603.3 597.6 617.9 604.2 607.3 604.2 608.9 4.7

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,112 5,103 5,186 5,205 4,931 5,067 5,039 5,030 -9

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,432.3 2,457.3 2,552.8 2,582.2 2,245.3 2,423.7 2,401.4 2,398.4 -3.0

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,679.5 2,646.1 2,632.7 2,622.3 2,685.8 2,642.8 2,637.8 2,631.7 -6.1

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,986 13,968 14,143 14,219 13,669 14,058 14,009 13,991 -18

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,677.4 7,639.8 7,852.8 7,934.0 7,334.8 7,705.1 7,656.3 7,643.7 -12.6

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,308.4 6,327.9 6,290.0 6,284.5 6,333.8 6,353.1 6,352.2 6,347.7 -4.5

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.8 34.8 34.7 34.8

Goods-producing.................................................................... 39.9 40.5 39.9 40.0

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.0 45.4 45.0 45.2

Construction....................................................................... 39.0 40.1 38.7 39.0

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.3 40.5 40.3 40.4

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.5 40.6 40.5 40.5

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.8 40.2 40.1 40.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.7 33.6 33.7 33.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.5 34.4 34.5 34.7

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.6 39.3 39.4 39.3

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.9 30.8 30.9 31.4

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 39.0 38.5 38.6 38.0

Utilities........................................................................... 43.1 42.2 42.1 41.8

Information......................................................................... 36.9 36.9 36.9 37.0

Financial activities................................................................ 37.8 37.5 37.6 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7

Education and health services.................................................. 33.4 33.3 33.3 33.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.7 26.2 26.3 26.4

Other services..................................................................... 32.4 32.2 32.2 32.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.1

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Total private............................................... $29.61 $30.84 $30.95 $31.03 $1,030.43 $1,073.23 $1,073.97 $1,079.84

Goods-producing....................................... 30.23 31.36 31.45 31.52 1,206.18 1,270.08 1,254.86 1,260.80

Mining and logging.................................. 34.47 35.46 35.48 35.25 1,551.15 1,609.88 1,596.60 1,593.30

Construction.......................................... 31.97 33.27 33.41 33.51 1,246.83 1,334.13 1,292.97 1,306.89

Manufacturing........................................ 28.99 29.98 30.10 30.15 1,168.30 1,214.19 1,213.03 1,218.06

Durable goods.................................... 30.51 31.52 31.60 31.66 1,235.66 1,279.71 1,279.80 1,282.23

Nondurable goods................................ 26.45 27.44 27.61 27.63 1,052.71 1,103.09 1,107.16 1,107.96

Private service-providing.............................. 29.47 30.71 30.83 30.92 993.14 1,031.86 1,038.97 1,042.00

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 25.47 26.62 26.60 26.66 878.72 915.73 917.70 925.10

Wholesale trade.................................. 32.76 33.92 34.15 34.09 1,264.54 1,333.06 1,345.51 1,339.74

Retail trade........................................ 21.15 22.17 21.99 22.08 653.54 682.84 679.49 693.31

Transportation and warehousing............... 25.48 26.83 26.92 27.21 993.72 1,032.96 1,039.11 1,033.98

Utilities............................................. 44.37 45.23 45.22 45.15 1,912.35 1,908.71 1,903.76 1,887.27

Information........................................... 44.40 44.29 44.50 44.54 1,638.36 1,634.30 1,642.05 1,647.98

Financial activities................................... 38.79 40.25 40.52 40.74 1,466.26 1,509.38 1,523.55 1,527.75

Professional and business services.............. 35.44 37.12 37.38 37.49 1,300.65 1,362.30 1,371.85 1,375.88

Education and health services..................... 28.86 30.34 30.45 30.49 963.92 1,010.32 1,013.99 1,015.32

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 17.09 18.88 19.04 19.20 439.21 494.66 500.75 506.88

Other services....................................... 26.69 27.54 27.66 27.77 864.76 886.79 890.65 894.19

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2021 -

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2021 -

Nov.

2021p

Total private..................................... 106.0 109.9 110.2 110.7 0.5 150.0 162.1 163.0 164.2 0.7

Goods-producing............................. 91.6 94.9 93.9 94.4 0.5 125.1 134.5 133.5 134.5 0.7

Mining and logging........................ 84.4 91.9 91.5 91.6 0.1 116.8 130.8 130.3 129.7 -0.5

Construction................................ 98.9 103.1 100.1 101.3 1.2 137.3 149.0 145.3 147.5 1.5

Manufacturing.............................. 88.4 90.8 90.7 91.2 0.6 119.2 126.6 127.0 127.9 0.7

Durable goods........................... 86.4 88.6 88.8 88.9 0.1 117.1 124.1 124.6 125.1 0.4

Nondurable goods...................... 91.7 94.6 94.7 95.0 0.3 123.1 131.7 132.6 133.2 0.5

Private service-providing.................... 109.8 113.9 114.8 115.0 0.2 157.2 170.0 172.0 172.8 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 101.6 103.6 104.3 105.1 0.8 139.5 148.7 149.7 151.1 0.9

Wholesale trade......................... 95.4 99.3 99.7 99.6 -0.1 130.7 140.9 142.5 142.1 -0.3

Retail trade.............................. 94.9 96.4 97.0 98.4 1.4 132.7 141.3 140.9 143.6 1.9

Transportation and warehousing...... 128.0 131.0 132.7 131.7 -0.8 165.9 178.9 181.7 182.3 0.3

Utilities.................................... 100.6 97.9 97.7 97.0 -0.7 147.5 146.4 146.0 144.6 -1.0

Information................................. 89.3 93.8 94.1 94.3 0.2 141.2 147.8 149.1 149.6 0.3

Financial activities......................... 108.4 108.9 109.5 109.4 -0.1 164.1 171.0 173.1 173.9 0.5

Professional and business services..... 117.3 121.9 122.6 123.1 0.4 168.4 183.3 185.6 186.9 0.7

Education and health services........... 127.0 128.9 129.2 129.3 0.1 176.3 188.2 189.3 189.6 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 100.0 115.0 116.7 117.4 0.6 137.8 175.2 179.3 181.8 1.4

Other services............................. 102.5 106.6 107.3 107.4 0.1 149.9 160.9 162.6 163.5 0.6

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Total nonfarm............................................. 71,100 73,668 73,956 74,032 49.8 49.8 49.8 49.8

Total private............................................ 58,723 60,895 61,280 61,374 48.4 48.4 48.5 48.4

Goods-producing.................................... 4,562 4,688 4,707 4,721 22.6 22.8 22.8 22.8

Mining and logging............................... 83 83 82 83 13.9 12.9 12.7 12.9

Construction....................................... 978 1,035 1,039 1,040 13.3 13.9 13.8 13.8

Manufacturing..................................... 3,501 3,570 3,586 3,598 28.7 28.6 28.7 28.7

Durable goods.................................. 1,857 1,894 1,904 1,913 24.5 24.4 24.5 24.5

Nondurable goods............................. 1,644 1,676 1,682 1,685 35.6 35.6 35.6 35.5

Private service-providing........................... 54,161 56,207 56,573 56,653 53.5 53.4 53.5 53.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,619 10,886 10,965 11,002 39.4 39.4 39.6 39.6

Wholesale trade................................ 1,678.1 1,726.5 1,729.3 1,734.6 30.0 30.1 30.1 30.2

Retail trade..................................... 7,365.2 7,491.9 7,535.8 7,545.7 48.7 48.6 48.8 48.9

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,441.6 1,532.9 1,565.2 1,587.6 25.2 25.9 26.2 26.3

Utilities........................................... 134.1 135.1 134.6 134.3 24.9 25.2 25.1 25.1

Information......................................... 1,058 1,093 1,098 1,103 39.9 39.3 39.3 39.5

Financial activities................................ 4,957 4,972 4,975 4,974 56.6 56.1 55.9 55.9

Professional and business services............ 9,365 9,796 9,913 9,933 45.9 46.2 46.5 46.4

Education and health services.................. 17,986 18,254 18,304 18,310 77.3 77.0 77.0 77.0

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,262 8,146 8,237 8,250 53.3 52.9 52.9 52.9

Other services..................................... 2,914 3,060 3,081 3,081 53.1 53.3 53.3 53.2

Government............................................. 12,377 12,773 12,676 12,658 57.6 58.0 57.8 57.8

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Total private............................................................................... 98,926 102,496 103,204 103,366

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,301 14,670 14,729 14,783

Mining and logging.................................................................. 428 481 483 484

Construction.......................................................................... 5,432 5,527 5,532 5,549

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,441 8,662 8,714 8,750

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,137 5,301 5,341 5,353

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,304 3,361 3,373 3,397

Private service-providing.............................................................. 84,625 87,826 88,475 88,583

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,859 23,277 23,377 23,452

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,447.2 4,561.6 4,572.1 4,590.9

Retail trade........................................................................ 12,920.5 13,142.2 13,189.8 13,184.8

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 5,063.2 5,146.7 5,188.3 5,248.8

Utilities.............................................................................. 427.9 426.7 426.9 427.4

Information............................................................................ 2,084 2,215 2,218 2,215

Financial activities................................................................... 6,671 6,687 6,706 6,703

Professional and business services............................................... 16,414 16,945 17,172 17,208

Education and health services..................................................... 20,381 20,683 20,764 20,760

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 11,753 13,344 13,534 13,539

Other services........................................................................ 4,463 4,675 4,704 4,706

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.2 34.2 34.1 34.1

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.7 41.4 40.7 40.9

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.0 47.3 46.9 47.1

Construction....................................................................... 39.3 41.0 39.4 39.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.3 41.4 41.2 41.3

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.5 41.4 41.2 41.5

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.9 41.3 41.2 41.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.1 33.0 33.0 33.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.4 34.2 34.3 34.4

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.5 39.1 39.2 39.1

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.0 30.7 30.8 30.9

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 39.0 38.3 38.4 38.3

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.3 41.9 41.6

Information......................................................................... 37.3 36.3 36.3 36.4

Financial activities................................................................ 37.3 37.4 37.4 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.2 36.5 36.3 36.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.8 32.6 32.6 32.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.3 24.9 25.0 25.0

Other services..................................................................... 31.4 31.2 31.1 31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.1

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.1

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Total private............................................... $24.93 $26.16 $26.28 $26.40 $852.61 $894.67 $896.15 $900.24

Goods-producing....................................... 25.69 26.89 26.91 27.02 1,045.58 1,113.25 1,095.24 1,105.12

Mining and logging.................................. 29.87 31.52 31.47 31.59 1,374.02 1,490.90 1,475.94 1,487.89

Construction.......................................... 29.55 30.82 30.99 31.11 1,161.32 1,263.62 1,221.01 1,235.07

Manufacturing........................................ 23.10 24.11 24.14 24.24 954.03 998.15 994.57 1,001.11

Durable goods.................................... 24.14 25.14 25.19 25.34 1,001.81 1,040.80 1,037.83 1,051.61

Nondurable goods................................ 21.44 22.47 22.49 22.50 876.90 928.01 926.59 924.75

Private service-providing.............................. 24.77 26.01 26.16 26.27 819.89 858.33 863.28 866.91

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 21.62 22.73 22.83 22.98 743.73 777.37 783.07 790.51

Wholesale trade.................................. 27.08 28.04 28.16 28.16 1,042.58 1,096.36 1,103.87 1,101.06

Retail trade........................................ 17.92 18.72 18.83 18.86 555.52 574.70 579.96 582.77

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.79 24.55 24.64 25.15 888.81 940.27 946.18 963.25

Utilities............................................. 39.17 40.16 40.33 40.33 1,668.64 1,698.77 1,689.83 1,677.73

Information........................................... 36.24 36.58 36.89 37.03 1,351.75 1,327.85 1,339.11 1,347.89

Financial activities................................... 29.68 30.61 30.80 30.95 1,107.06 1,144.81 1,151.92 1,157.53

Professional and business services.............. 29.48 31.10 31.32 31.46 1,067.18 1,135.15 1,136.92 1,145.14

Education and health services..................... 25.83 27.47 27.61 27.75 847.22 895.52 900.09 901.88

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.70 16.52 16.71 16.67 357.21 411.35 417.75 416.75

Other services....................................... 22.80 23.42 23.61 23.74 715.92 730.70 734.27 743.06

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2021 -

Nov.

2021p

Nov.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Nov.

2021p

Percent

change

from:

Oct.

2021 -

Nov.

2021p

Total private..................................... 112.7 116.8 117.3 117.5 0.2 187.9 204.2 206.0 207.3 0.6

Goods-producing............................. 88.9 92.8 91.6 92.4 0.9 139.9 152.8 150.9 152.9 1.3

Mining and logging........................ 104.6 120.9 120.4 121.1 0.6 181.8 221.6 220.3 222.6 1.0

Construction................................ 106.9 113.5 109.1 110.3 1.1 170.6 188.8 182.6 185.3 1.5

Manufacturing.............................. 80.0 82.3 82.4 83.0 0.7 120.9 129.8 130.1 131.5 1.1

Durable goods........................... 80.1 82.4 82.7 83.5 1.0 120.7 129.4 130.0 132.0 1.5

Nondurable goods...................... 79.6 81.8 81.9 82.3 0.5 120.6 129.9 130.1 130.8 0.5

Private service-providing.................... 119.3 123.5 124.4 124.6 0.2 202.8 220.3 223.2 224.4 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 110.0 111.3 112.1 112.8 0.6 169.9 180.8 182.9 185.3 1.3

Wholesale trade......................... 101.6 105.9 106.4 106.5 0.1 162.4 175.2 176.8 177.1 0.2

Retail trade.............................. 101.4 102.1 102.8 103.1 0.3 155.6 163.8 165.9 166.6 0.4

Transportation and warehousing...... 149.4 149.2 150.8 152.1 0.9 216.8 233.1 236.5 243.6 3.0

Utilities.................................... 93.2 92.3 91.5 90.9 -0.7 152.4 154.7 154.0 153.1 -0.6

Information................................. 88.7 91.8 91.9 92.0 0.1 159.2 166.2 167.8 168.7 0.5

Financial activities......................... 117.1 117.7 118.0 118.0 0.0 213.8 221.7 223.7 224.7 0.4

Professional and business services..... 132.9 138.3 139.4 140.0 0.4 232.9 255.8 259.6 262.0 0.9

Education and health services........... 142.5 143.8 144.3 143.9 -0.3 243.0 260.7 263.0 263.5 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 104.6 121.7 123.9 124.0 0.1 174.6 228.3 235.2 234.7 -0.2

Other services............................. 98.3 102.3 102.6 103.3 0.7 163.3 174.6 176.5 178.7 1.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.