Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-16-0662

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 1, 2016

Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — MARCH 2016

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 215,000 in March, and the unemployment rate was little 

changed at 5.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment increased in 

retail trade, construction, and health care. Job losses occurred in manufacturing and mining. 

Household Survey Data

In March, the unemployment rate (5.0 percent) and the number of unemployed persons (8.0 million) 

were little changed. Both measures have shown little movement since August. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.5 percent), adult women 

(4.6 percent), teenagers (15.9 percent), Whites (4.3 percent), Blacks (9.0 percent), Asians (4.0 percent), 

and Hispanics (5.6 percent) showed little or no change in March. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged 

at 2.2 million in March and has shown little movement since June. In March, these individuals 

accounted for 27.6 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.) 
- 2 - 

In March, the labor force participation rate (63.0 percent) and the employment-population ratio 

(59.9 percent) changed little. Both measures were up by 0.6 percentage point since September. (See 

table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (also referred to as involuntary parttime workers) was about unchanged in March at 6.1 million and has shown little movement since 

November. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working parttime because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See 

table A-8.) 

In March, 1.7 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 335,000 from a 

year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 585,000 discouraged workers in March, down by 153,000 

from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in March had not searched for work for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 215,000 in March. Employment gains occurred in retail 

trade, construction, and health care, while job losses occurred in manufacturing and mining. (See

table B-1.) 

Retail trade added 48,000 jobs in March. Employment gains occurred in general merchandise stores 

(+12,000), health and personal care stores (+10,000), building material and garden supply stores 

(+10,000), and automobile dealers (+5,000). Over the past 12 months, retail trade has added 378,000 

jobs. 

Construction employment rose by 37,000 in March. Job gains occurred among residential specialty

trade contractors (+12,000) and in heavy and civil engineering construction (+11,000). Over the year, 

construction has added 301,000 jobs. 

Employment in health care increased by 37,000 over the month, about in line with the average monthly 

gain over the prior 12 months. In March, employment rose in ambulatory health care services (+27,000) 

and hospitals (+10,000). Over the year, health care employment has increased by 503,000. 

Over the month, employment continued to trend up in food services and drinking places (+25,000) and 

in financial activities (+15,000). 

In March, employment in professional and business services changed little for the third month in a 

row. In 2015, the industry added an average of 52,000 jobs per month. 
- 3 - 

Employment in manufacturing declined by 29,000 in March. Most of the job losses occurred in durable 

goods industries (-24,000), including machinery (-7,000), primary metals (-3,000), and semiconductors 

and electronic components (-3,000). 

Mining employment continued to decline in March (-12,000) with losses concentrated in support 

activities for mining (-10,000). Since reaching a peak in September 2014, employment in mining has 

decreased by 185,000. 

Employment in other major industries, including wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing, 

information, and government, changed little over the month.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours in 

March. The manufacturing workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.6 hours. Factory overtime was 3.3 

hours for the fourth month in a row. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 

employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In March, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 7 cents 

to $25.43, following a 2-cent decline in February. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 

2.3 percent. In March, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees increased by 4 cents to $21.37. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for January was revised from +172,000 to +168,000, 

and the change for February was revised from +242,000 to +245,000. With these revisions, employment 

gains in January and February combined were 1,000 less than previously reported. Over the past 3 

months, job gains have averaged 209,000 per month. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for April is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 6, 2016, at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Change from:

Feb. 2016-

Mar. 2016

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 250,080 252,397 252,577 252,768 191

Civilian labor force........................................................... 156,890 158,335 158,890 159,286 396

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.7 62.7 62.9 63.0 0.1

Employed................................................................... 148,333 150,544 151,074 151,320 246

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.3 59.6 59.8 59.9 0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 8,557 7,791 7,815 7,966 151

Unemployment rate.................................................... 5.5 4.9 4.9 5.0 0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 93,190 94,062 93,688 93,482 -206

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 5.5 4.9 4.9 5.0 0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 5.1 4.5 4.5 4.5 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.9 4.5 4.5 4.6 0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 17.6 16.0 15.6 15.9 0.3

White.......................................................................... 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.3 0.0

Black or African American.................................................. 10.0 8.8 8.8 9.0 0.2

Asian.......................................................................... 3.2 3.7 3.8 4.0 0.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 6.8 5.9 5.4 5.6 0.2

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.1 0.0

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 8.6 7.4 7.3 7.4 0.1

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 0.1

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.8 4.2 4.2 4.1 -0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 4,194 3,664 3,749 3,835 86

Job leavers...................................................................... 870 766 760 833 73

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,666 2,468 2,467 2,495 28

New entrants.................................................................... 812 827 833 778 -55

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,488 2,249 2,297 2,412 115

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,330 2,282 2,236 2,205 -31

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,255 1,135 1,132 1,178 46

27 weeks and over............................................................. 2,547 2,089 2,165 2,213 48

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 6,673 5,988 5,988 6,123 135

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 4,063 3,544 3,579 3,631 52

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,318 2,134 2,104 2,154 50

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 19,774 20,311 20,615 20,428 -187

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 2,055 2,089 1,803 1,720 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 738 623 599 585 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 168 245 215

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 155 236 195

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -20 24 -15 -4

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -16 -12 -17 -12

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7 18 20 37

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 18 -18 -29

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 11 -17 -24

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 3.1 0.3 -1.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 -1 -5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 131 251 199

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 12.6 1.0 5.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 66.5 67.1 47.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 -20.9 -6.5 -2.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.1 1.8 0.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 0 10 1

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 17 5 15

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 -2 30 33

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 -43.8 -12.4 4.0

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 26 84 51

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 43.4 58.4 44.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 34 45 40

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 -3 14 8

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6 13 9 20

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 240 228 209

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 231 217 195

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.5

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 48.0 48.1 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.5 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.6 34.4 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24.87 $25.38 $25.36 $25.43

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $858.02 $878.15 $872.38 $874.79

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.1 105.3 104.9 105.1

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 0.4 -0.4 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.5 127.8 127.2 127.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.9 -0.5 0.4

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (262 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 59.4 58.0 58.4

Manufacturing (79 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 57.6 42.4 37.3

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 146,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 623,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from 

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,080 252,577 252,768 250,080 251,747 251,936 252,397 252,577 252,768

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,318 158,279 158,854 156,890 157,367 157,833 158,335 158,890 159,286

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.7 62.8 62.7 62.5 62.6 62.7 62.9 63.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,635 150,060 150,738 148,333 149,444 149,929 150,544 151,074 151,320

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.0 59.4 59.6 59.3 59.4 59.5 59.6 59.8 59.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,682 8,219 8,116 8,557 7,924 7,904 7,791 7,815 7,966

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,762 94,298 93,914 93,190 94,380 94,103 94,062 93,688 93,482

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,065 5,949 5,446 6,310 5,637 5,886 5,973 5,870 5,712

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,738 122,017 122,112 120,738 121,577 121,671 121,926 122,017 122,112

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,229 84,052 84,384 83,656 83,503 83,876 84,238 84,673 84,765

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.9 68.9 69.1 69.3 68.7 68.9 69.1 69.4 69.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,275 79,415 79,884 78,994 79,182 79,546 80,104 80,491 80,543

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 65.1 65.4 65.4 65.1 65.4 65.7 66.0 66.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,954 4,637 4,499 4,663 4,321 4,330 4,134 4,181 4,222

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 5.5 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,509 37,965 37,729 37,081 38,074 37,795 37,688 37,344 37,347

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,304 113,566 113,653 112,304 113,149 113,241 113,483 113,566 113,653

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,533 81,306 81,659 80,731 80,623 80,927 81,333 81,667 81,815

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.7 71.6 71.8 71.9 71.3 71.5 71.7 71.9 72.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,122 77,148 77,639 76,647 76,823 77,119 77,704 77,991 78,096

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.8 67.9 68.3 68.3 67.9 68.1 68.5 68.7 68.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,411 4,158 4,020 4,084 3,800 3,808 3,629 3,677 3,719

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 5.1 4.9 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,771 32,260 31,995 31,572 32,526 32,314 32,151 31,898 31,838

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,342 130,561 130,656 129,342 130,170 130,265 130,471 130,561 130,656

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,089 74,227 74,470 73,234 73,865 73,957 74,097 74,217 74,520

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.5 56.9 57.0 56.6 56.7 56.8 56.8 56.8 57.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,360 70,646 70,854 69,339 70,262 70,383 70,440 70,583 70,777

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.6 54.1 54.2 53.6 54.0 54.0 54.0 54.1 54.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,729 3,582 3,617 3,894 3,603 3,574 3,657 3,634 3,743

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.8 4.9 5.3 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,253 56,333 56,185 56,108 56,305 56,308 56,374 56,344 56,135

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,152 122,345 122,433 121,152 121,979 122,071 122,263 122,345 122,433

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,374 71,518 71,700 70,364 71,139 71,069 71,171 71,313 71,610

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 58.5 58.6 58.1 58.3 58.2 58.2 58.3 58.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,022 68,305 68,451 66,909 67,891 67,911 67,940 68,094 68,293

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 55.8 55.9 55.2 55.7 55.6 55.6 55.7 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,352 3,213 3,248 3,455 3,249 3,157 3,231 3,219 3,317

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,779 50,828 50,733 50,788 50,840 51,002 51,092 51,032 50,823

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,624 16,666 16,682 16,624 16,619 16,624 16,651 16,666 16,682

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,411 5,456 5,496 5,794 5,605 5,837 5,832 5,909 5,860

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.5 32.7 32.9 34.9 33.7 35.1 35.0 35.5 35.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,491 4,608 4,648 4,777 4,729 4,899 4,901 4,990 4,931

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.0 27.6 27.9 28.7 28.5 29.5 29.4 29.9 29.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920 848 848 1,018 875 938 931 920 929

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 15.5 15.4 17.6 15.6 16.1 16.0 15.6 15.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,213 11,211 11,186 10,830 11,014 10,787 10,819 10,757 10,822

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,482 197,718 197,809 196,482 197,377 197,471 197,639 197,718 197,809

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,196 124,262 124,663 123,694 123,496 123,815 124,362 124,748 125,018

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.8 63.0 63.0 62.6 62.7 62.9 63.1 63.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,178 118,584 119,137 117,868 118,115 118,295 119,029 119,442 119,674

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 60.0 60.2 60.0 59.8 59.9 60.2 60.4 60.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,018 5,678 5,526 5,827 5,381 5,520 5,333 5,306 5,345

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,286 73,456 73,146 72,788 73,881 73,656 73,277 72,970 72,791

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,674 64,988 65,175 64,862 64,503 64,691 65,002 65,304 65,296

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 71.9 72.1 72.3 71.6 71.7 72.0 72.3 72.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,538 62,078 62,355 62,010 61,884 61,988 62,482 62,787 62,739

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 68.7 69.0 69.2 68.7 68.7 69.2 69.5 69.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,136 2,910 2,820 2,852 2,619 2,702 2,520 2,517 2,557

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,239 54,984 55,192 54,264 54,638 54,521 54,753 54,803 55,142

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.4 57.8 58.0 57.4 57.6 57.4 57.6 57.6 58.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,027 52,830 53,087 51,999 52,466 52,391 52,603 52,659 52,992

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 55.6 55.8 55.0 55.3 55.2 55.4 55.4 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,212 2,153 2,105 2,265 2,172 2,130 2,150 2,144 2,149

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,283 4,290 4,296 4,568 4,355 4,603 4,607 4,641 4,580

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 34.8 34.8 37.0 35.4 37.4 37.4 37.7 37.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,613 3,676 3,695 3,859 3,765 3,916 3,944 3,995 3,942

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.3 29.8 30.0 31.3 30.6 31.8 32.0 32.4 32.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670 614 601 709 590 687 663 645 638

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.6 14.3 14.0 15.5 13.5 14.9 14.4 13.9 13.9

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,257 31,716 31,753 31,257 31,557 31,594 31,679 31,716 31,753

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,020 19,387 19,421 19,071 19,447 19,442 19,536 19,569 19,513

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.8 61.1 61.2 61.0 61.6 61.5 61.7 61.7 61.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,117 17,665 17,670 17,165 17,628 17,819 17,821 17,851 17,759

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 55.7 55.6 54.9 55.9 56.4 56.3 56.3 55.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,902 1,721 1,751 1,906 1,819 1,623 1,716 1,718 1,754

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 8.9 9.0 10.0 9.4 8.3 8.8 8.8 9.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,237 12,329 12,332 12,186 12,110 12,152 12,143 12,147 12,240

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,714 8,826 8,871 8,710 8,752 8,780 8,844 8,910 8,881

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 66.9 67.1 67.2 66.7 66.8 67.1 67.5 67.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,810 8,014 8,063 7,847 7,885 8,017 8,101 8,146 8,112

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.2 60.7 61.0 60.5 60.1 61.0 61.5 61.7 61.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904 812 809 862 867 763 743 764 768

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 9.2 9.1 9.9 9.9 8.7 8.4 8.6 8.7

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,714 9,897 9,842 9,717 10,009 9,928 9,970 9,938 9,868

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 61.8 61.4 61.5 62.8 62.2 62.3 62.0 61.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,853 9,129 9,062 8,835 9,218 9,241 9,179 9,152 9,076

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.0 57.0 56.5 55.9 57.8 57.9 57.4 57.1 56.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862 767 781 882 791 686 791 786 792

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 7.8 7.9 9.1 7.9 6.9 7.9 7.9 8.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591 664 708 644 686 734 722 720 764

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.7 26.6 28.3 25.8 27.6 29.5 28.9 28.8 30.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 522 546 482 525 560 540 552 571

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.2 20.9 21.8 19.3 21.1 22.5 21.7 22.1 22.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 142 162 162 161 174 182 168 193

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 21.4 22.9 25.1 23.5 23.7 25.2 23.3 25.3

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,296 14,974 14,911 14,296 14,476 14,553 14,816 14,974 14,911

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,967 9,483 9,478 8,928 9,132 9,168 9,192 9,426 9,411

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 63.3 63.6 62.5 63.1 63.0 62.0 62.9 63.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,685 9,115 9,112 8,639 8,778 8,805 8,856 9,070 9,038

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 60.9 61.1 60.4 60.6 60.5 59.8 60.6 60.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 368 366 289 354 363 337 355 373

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.9 3.9 3.2 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.8 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,329 5,491 5,433 5,368 5,344 5,385 5,623 5,548 5,500

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 39,323 40,302 40,386 39,323 40,005 40,090 40,215 40,302 40,386

Civilian labor force................................ 25,991 26,528 26,709 26,088 26,225 26,270 26,451 26,642 26,782

Participation rate............................... 66.1 65.8 66.1 66.3 65.6 65.5 65.8 66.1 66.3

Employed....................................... 24,177 24,967 25,183 24,317 24,543 24,614 24,893 25,193 25,289

Employment-population ratio............... 61.5 61.9 62.4 61.8 61.3 61.4 61.9 62.5 62.6

Unemployed.................................... 1,814 1,561 1,526 1,771 1,682 1,655 1,558 1,449 1,493

Unemployment rate......................... 7.0 5.9 5.7 6.8 6.4 6.3 5.9 5.4 5.6

Not in labor force................................. 13,332 13,774 13,677 13,235 13,780 13,821 13,764 13,660 13,604

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,407 14,639 14,759 14,461 14,377 14,454 14,590 14,705 14,799

Participation rate............................... 81.3 80.6 81.1 81.6 79.7 79.9 80.5 80.9 81.3

Employed....................................... 13,519 13,834 13,995 13,624 13,601 13,659 13,878 14,018 14,085

Employment-population ratio............... 76.3 76.1 76.9 76.9 75.4 75.6 76.5 77.2 77.4

Unemployed.................................... 888 806 764 836 776 795 712 688 714

Unemployment rate......................... 6.2 5.5 5.2 5.8 5.4 5.5 4.9 4.7 4.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,453 10,754 10,836 10,445 10,754 10,646 10,649 10,742 10,814

Participation rate............................... 58.4 58.5 58.8 58.3 59.0 58.2 58.0 58.4 58.7

Employed....................................... 9,748 10,163 10,226 9,757 10,031 9,978 10,022 10,167 10,218

Employment-population ratio............... 54.4 55.3 55.5 54.5 55.0 54.6 54.6 55.3 55.5

Unemployed.................................... 705 591 610 687 723 668 627 576 596

Unemployment rate......................... 6.7 5.5 5.6 6.6 6.7 6.3 5.9 5.4 5.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,131 1,135 1,115 1,183 1,095 1,170 1,212 1,194 1,168

Participation rate............................... 30.6 30.3 29.7 32.0 29.4 31.3 32.5 31.9 31.1

Employed....................................... 909 970 962 935 912 977 994 1,008 986

Employment-population ratio............... 24.6 25.9 25.6 25.3 24.5 26.2 26.6 26.9 26.3

Unemployed.................................... 222 165 153 248 183 193 218 186 182

Unemployment rate......................... 19.6 14.5 13.7 20.9 16.7 16.5 18.0 15.6 15.6

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 11,113 10,386 10,817 11,070 10,958 10,847 11,037 10,648 10,777

Participation rate.................................. 45.2 45.0 46.4 45.0 45.7 45.4 46.0 46.2 46.2

Employed.......................................... 10,067 9,530 9,926 10,116 10,210 10,125 10,221 9,871 9,978

Employment-population ratio................. 40.9 41.3 42.6 41.1 42.6 42.4 42.6 42.8 42.8

Unemployed....................................... 1,046 856 891 954 748 722 816 777 799

Unemployment rate............................ 9.4 8.2 8.2 8.6 6.8 6.7 7.4 7.3 7.4

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,620 35,489 35,654 35,772 35,224 34,744 35,347 35,626 35,615

Participation rate.................................. 57.2 57.3 57.5 57.4 57.2 57.0 57.8 57.5 57.4

Employed.......................................... 33,591 33,425 33,599 33,870 33,315 32,812 33,475 33,747 33,688

Employment-population ratio................. 53.9 54.0 54.2 54.4 54.1 53.8 54.7 54.5 54.3

Unemployed....................................... 2,029 2,063 2,055 1,902 1,910 1,933 1,872 1,878 1,927

Unemployment rate............................ 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.4

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,411 38,156 37,929 37,456 37,610 37,869 38,098 38,106 37,958

Participation rate.................................. 67.3 66.8 66.3 67.4 66.7 66.5 66.5 66.7 66.3

Employed.......................................... 35,568 36,412 36,309 35,676 35,957 36,304 36,493 36,496 36,396

Employment-population ratio................. 64.0 63.7 63.4 64.2 63.8 63.8 63.7 63.9 63.6

Unemployed....................................... 1,843 1,744 1,620 1,780 1,653 1,565 1,605 1,610 1,562

Unemployment rate............................ 4.9 4.6 4.3 4.8 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 51,573 53,563 53,715 51,318 52,757 53,054 52,674 53,112 53,447

Participation rate.................................. 74.8 74.4 74.9 74.4 74.0 74.0 73.8 73.8 74.5

Employed.......................................... 50,333 52,237 52,323 50,059 51,451 51,746 51,358 51,805 52,051

Employment-population ratio................. 73.0 72.6 73.0 72.6 72.1 72.2 71.9 72.0 72.6

Unemployed....................................... 1,240 1,326 1,391 1,259 1,306 1,307 1,316 1,307 1,396

Unemployment rate............................ 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Mar.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Mar.

2016

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,300 20,982 19,307 18,973 1,993 2,009

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,869 10,570 9,610 9,305 1,259 1,265

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.0 50.4 49.8 49.0 63.2 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,334 10,095 9,147 8,887 1,187 1,208

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 48.1 47.4 46.8 59.6 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 475 463 419 72 57

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.5 4.8 4.5 5.7 4.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,431 10,412 9,697 9,668 734 744

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,431 3,783 2,863 3,141 568 642

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,826 3,039 2,423 2,556 402 483

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 80.3 84.6 81.4 70.8 75.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,642 2,848 2,267 2,392 375 456

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.0 75.3 79.2 76.2 66.0 71.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 191 156 165 27 26

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.3 6.5 6.4 6.8 5.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605 744 440 584 166 160

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,540 3,404 2,954 2,858 586 546

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,859 2,778 2,429 2,363 431 415

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.8 81.6 82.2 82.7 73.5 76.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,760 2,688 2,348 2,288 411 400

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.0 79.0 79.5 80.0 70.2 73.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 90 80 75 20 15

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.2 4.5 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 626 525 495 155 131

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,023 8,606 8,702 8,298 321 308

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,438 2,161 2,352 2,100 86 61

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.0 25.1 27.0 25.3 26.8 19.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,319 2,076 2,239 2,015 80 61

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 24.1 25.7 24.3 25.1 19.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 85 113 85 6 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 3.9 4.8 4.0 6.6 –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,585 6,445 6,350 6,198 235 247

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,306 5,189 4,788 4,676 518 513

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,746 2,592 2,406 2,286 340 306

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.8 50.0 50.3 48.9 65.6 59.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,613 2,483 2,293 2,192 321 290

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.3 47.8 47.9 46.9 61.9 56.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 110 113 94 19 16

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.2 4.7 4.1 5.7 5.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,560 2,597 2,382 2,390 178 207

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220,025 222,857 96,988 98,685 123,037 124,172

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,700 146,417 72,780 74,219 70,920 72,198

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 65.7 75.0 75.2 57.6 58.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,856 139,128 68,461 70,344 67,395 68,785

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 62.4 70.6 71.3 54.8 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,844 7,289 4,320 3,875 3,525 3,414

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 5.0 5.9 5.2 5.0 4.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,325 76,440 24,208 24,466 52,117 51,974

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Mar.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Mar.

2016

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 29,919 29,661 220,161 223,107

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,917 5,907 150,401 152,948

Participation rate..................................................................... 19.8 19.9 68.3 68.6

Employed............................................................................. 5,222 5,269 142,413 145,469

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 17.5 17.8 64.7 65.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 695 638 7,988 7,479

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.7 10.8 5.3 4.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,002 23,754 69,760 70,160

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,674 2,561 75,765 76,673

Participation rate..................................................................... 34.2 33.7 82.0 82.2

Employed............................................................................. 2,306 2,233 71,365 72,689

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.5 29.4 77.2 77.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 368 328 4,400 3,984

Unemployment rate............................................................... 13.8 12.8 5.8 5.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,140 5,039 16,647 16,593

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,312 2,295 66,766 68,062

Participation rate..................................................................... 28.1 28.4 69.9 70.7

Employed............................................................................. 2,053 2,049 63,434 64,842

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 25.0 25.4 66.4 67.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 259 245 3,332 3,220

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.2 10.7 5.0 4.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,909 5,773 28,777 28,248

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 931 1,051 7,870 8,212

Participation rate..................................................................... 6.7 7.5 24.4 24.5

Employed............................................................................. 864 987 7,614 7,938

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.2 7.0 23.6 23.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 67 65 255 275

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.2 6.2 3.2 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 12,953 12,943 24,337 25,318

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Mar.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Mar.

2016

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 40,198 41,148 19,460 20,028 20,738 21,119

Civilian labor force.................................................. 26,328 27,029 15,321 15,596 11,006 11,432

Participation rate.................................................. 65.5 65.7 78.7 77.9 53.1 54.1

Employed.......................................................... 24,937 25,741 14,539 14,938 10,398 10,803

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.0 62.6 74.7 74.6 50.1 51.2

Unemployed....................................................... 1,391 1,288 782 658 608 630

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.3 4.8 5.1 4.2 5.5 5.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 13,870 14,119 4,139 4,432 9,731 9,687

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 209,882 211,620 101,278 102,084 108,604 109,536

Civilian labor force.................................................. 129,990 131,825 67,907 68,787 62,083 63,038

Participation rate.................................................. 61.9 62.3 67.1 67.4 57.2 57.5

Employed.......................................................... 122,698 124,997 63,736 64,946 58,962 60,051

Employment-population ratio................................. 58.5 59.1 62.9 63.6 54.3 54.8

Unemployed....................................................... 7,292 6,828 4,171 3,841 3,120 2,987

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.6 5.2 6.1 5.6 5.0 4.7

Not in labor force.................................................... 79,892 79,795 33,371 33,297 46,522 46,498

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,405 2,274 2,491 2,556 2,424 2,411 2,385 2,456 2,623

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,490 1,402 1,535 1,611 1,557 1,562 1,538 1,571 1,643

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 881 857 933 900 822 814 827 878 938

Unpaid family workers........................... 34 15 23 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 145,230 147,787 148,247 145,681 147,110 147,587 148,115 148,620 148,704

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 136,563 139,112 139,398 136,802 138,478 139,054 139,371 139,815 139,703

Government..................................... 20,729 21,104 20,911 20,312 21,088 20,824 20,715 20,775 20,548

Private industries............................... 115,834 118,008 118,487 116,588 117,368 118,193 118,690 119,024 119,223

Private households.......................... 798 685 629 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 115,037 117,322 117,858 115,780 116,626 117,432 118,025 118,332 118,584

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,588 8,606 8,791 8,714 8,593 8,551 8,699 8,735 8,869

Unpaid family workers........................... 79 69 58 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,672 6,106 6,138 6,673 6,085 6,022 5,988 5,988 6,123

Slack work or business conditions............. 4,027 3,726 3,656 4,063 3,536 3,548 3,544 3,579 3,631

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,333 2,062 2,199 2,318 2,221 2,172 2,134 2,104 2,154

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,159 21,347 20,824 19,774 20,171 20,243 20,311 20,615 20,428

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,569 6,005 6,032 6,586 5,970 5,910 5,851 5,897 6,032

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,966 3,654 3,588 4,013 3,469 3,482 3,467 3,519 3,575

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,320 2,053 2,182 2,293 2,208 2,161 2,116 2,099 2,138

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,786 20,991 20,463 19,398 19,783 19,932 19,973 20,238 20,084

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,635 150,060 150,738 148,333 149,444 149,929 150,544 151,074 151,320

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,491 4,608 4,648 4,777 4,729 4,899 4,901 4,990 4,931

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,445 1,530 1,515 1,605 1,559 1,648 1,669 1,731 1,688

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,046 3,078 3,133 3,171 3,142 3,232 3,222 3,279 3,252

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,144 145,453 146,090 143,556 144,714 145,030 145,644 146,085 146,389

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,584 13,848 13,932 13,825 13,920 14,061 14,056 14,109 14,171

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,560 131,605 132,158 129,657 130,837 130,995 131,597 131,922 132,116

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,300 97,380 97,866 96,514 96,960 96,976 97,583 97,736 97,932

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,563 33,322 33,421 32,697 32,814 32,891 33,320 33,370 33,493

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,103 31,370 31,560 31,111 31,361 31,466 31,511 31,548 31,555

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,634 32,688 32,884 32,706 32,785 32,620 32,752 32,818 32,883

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,260 34,225 34,292 33,143 33,877 34,019 34,014 34,186 34,184

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,275 79,415 79,884 78,994 79,182 79,546 80,104 80,491 80,543

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,153 2,267 2,245 2,346 2,358 2,427 2,400 2,501 2,447

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668 701 654 758 781 780 813 830 770

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,485 1,565 1,592 1,575 1,571 1,631 1,587 1,681 1,674

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,122 77,148 77,639 76,647 76,823 77,119 77,704 77,991 78,096

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,932 7,107 7,145 7,080 7,026 7,173 7,191 7,293 7,284

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,190 70,041 70,494 69,528 69,767 69,945 70,500 70,637 70,750

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,615 52,013 52,343 51,935 51,862 51,935 52,436 52,513 52,580

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,639 17,905 18,102 17,798 17,732 17,785 18,069 18,056 18,199

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,746 16,895 16,937 16,832 16,829 16,933 17,010 17,075 17,018

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,230 17,213 17,303 17,305 17,302 17,217 17,357 17,382 17,363

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,575 18,027 18,151 17,593 17,905 18,010 18,064 18,125 18,170

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,360 70,646 70,854 69,339 70,262 70,383 70,440 70,583 70,777

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,339 2,341 2,402 2,431 2,371 2,472 2,501 2,489 2,485

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778 829 861 847 778 868 856 901 918

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,561 1,512 1,541 1,596 1,571 1,601 1,635 1,598 1,578

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,022 68,305 68,451 66,909 67,891 67,911 67,940 68,094 68,293

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,652 6,741 6,787 6,744 6,894 6,888 6,865 6,817 6,887

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,370 61,564 61,664 60,129 61,070 61,051 61,096 61,285 61,366

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,685 45,367 45,523 44,579 45,098 45,042 45,147 45,224 45,351

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,924 15,417 15,319 14,899 15,082 15,106 15,250 15,315 15,294

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,356 14,475 14,623 14,279 14,533 14,533 14,501 14,474 14,537

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,404 15,475 15,582 15,401 15,483 15,403 15,395 15,435 15,520

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,685 16,197 16,141 15,550 15,972 16,009 15,950 16,061 16,015

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,103 44,874 45,153 45,260 44,816 45,187 45,231 45,175 45,266

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,232 35,344 35,626 35,110 35,185 35,080 34,997 35,100 35,387

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,443 9,638 9,744 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,981 121,757 122,522 120,976 122,099 122,603 123,141 123,206 123,447

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,655 28,303 28,216 27,293 27,332 27,359 27,364 27,853 27,818

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,264 7,454 7,592 7,132 7,414 7,738 7,504 7,339 7,466

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,514 5,793 5,567 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,469 9,463 9,724 9,614 9,415 9,364 9,526 9,613 9,807

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 8,557 7,815 7,966 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 1,018 920 929 17.6 15.6 16.1 16.0 15.6 15.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 354 401 402 18.0 17.1 17.4 17.9 18.8 19.2

18 to 19 years.................................. 648 525 529 17.0 15.2 15.2 14.9 13.8 14.0

20 years and over................................ 7,540 6,895 7,036 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,581 1,328 1,299 10.3 9.6 9.4 8.2 8.6 8.4

25 years and over.............................. 5,932 5,571 5,717 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1

25 to 54 years............................... 4,559 4,229 4,311 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.2

25 to 34 years............................. 1,955 1,775 1,819 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.2

35 to 44 years............................. 1,339 1,257 1,266 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.9

45 to 54 years............................. 1,264 1,196 1,227 3.7 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6

55 years and over........................... 1,353 1,344 1,387 3.9 3.7 3.2 3.7 3.8 3.9

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,663 4,181 4,222 5.6 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 579 504 503 19.8 18.1 17.7 17.4 16.8 17.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 195 226 227 20.4 19.1 20.6 19.8 21.4 22.8

18 to 19 years.................................. 377 285 280 19.3 17.8 15.8 16.1 14.5 14.3

20 years and over................................ 4,084 3,677 3,719 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 885 745 729 11.1 11.2 10.3 9.0 9.3 9.1

25 years and over.............................. 3,176 2,938 2,970 4.4 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0

25 to 54 years............................... 2,430 2,182 2,221 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.1

25 to 34 years............................. 1,048 959 947 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.0 5.0 4.9

35 to 44 years............................. 716 637 632 4.1 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6

45 to 54 years............................. 665 586 642 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.6

55 years and over........................... 747 756 749 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.0

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,894 3,634 3,743 5.3 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 439 415 426 15.3 13.0 14.4 14.5 14.3 14.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 159 176 175 15.8 15.1 14.2 16.1 16.3 16.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 271 240 248 14.5 12.5 14.7 13.8 13.1 13.6

20 years and over................................ 3,455 3,219 3,317 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6

20 to 24 years.................................. 696 583 570 9.4 7.9 8.5 7.3 7.9 7.6

25 years and over.............................. 2,755 2,632 2,747 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.3

25 to 54 years............................... 2,129 2,047 2,089 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.4

25 to 34 years............................. 907 817 872 5.7 5.4 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.4

35 to 44 years............................. 623 619 633 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.2

45 to 54 years............................. 598 610 584 3.7 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.6

55 years and over........................... 603 577 629 3.7 3.6 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.8

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present...................... 1,297 1,182 1,357 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.9

Married women, spouse present.................. 1,092 1,077 1,135 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1

Women who maintain families1

.................... 830 729 713 8.1 6.9 5.8 7.1 7.0 6.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2................................... 7,139 6,380 6,586 5.6 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.9 5.1

Part-time workers3.................................. 1,411 1,430 1,389 4.9 4.9 4.6 5.0 4.9 4.8

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 4,503 4,244 4,149 4,194 3,873 3,796 3,664 3,749 3,835

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,199 1,282 1,106 1,004 939 937 923 960 921

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 3,304 2,962 3,044 3,190 2,934 2,859 2,741 2,790 2,914

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,298 2,049 2,153 2,229 2,112 2,044 1,876 1,969 2,068

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 1,006 912 891 961 822 815 865 821 845

Job leavers........................................... 853 766 829 870 800 821 766 760 833

Reentrants............................................ 2,597 2,467 2,450 2,666 2,449 2,476 2,468 2,467 2,495

New entrants......................................... 729 742 688 812 847 858 827 833 778

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 51.9 51.6 51.1 49.1 48.6 47.7 47.4 48.0 48.3

On temporary layoff.............................. 13.8 15.6 13.6 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.9 12.3 11.6

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 38.0 36.0 37.5 37.3 36.8 36.0 35.5 35.7 36.7

Job leavers........................................... 9.8 9.3 10.2 10.2 10.0 10.3 9.9 9.7 10.5

Reentrants............................................ 29.9 30.0 30.2 31.2 30.7 31.1 31.9 31.6 31.4

New entrants......................................... 8.4 9.0 8.5 9.5 10.6 10.8 10.7 10.7 9.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

New entrants......................................... 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,108 2,057 2,083 2,488 2,412 2,405 2,249 2,297 2,412

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,511 2,636 2,382 2,330 2,253 2,192 2,282 2,236 2,205

15 weeks and over.................................. 4,064 3,525 3,651 3,801 3,324 3,320 3,224 3,297 3,391

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,428 1,277 1,346 1,255 1,270 1,235 1,135 1,132 1,178

27 weeks and over............................... 2,635 2,248 2,305 2,547 2,054 2,085 2,089 2,165 2,213

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 31.3 29.0 29.1 30.4 27.9 27.6 28.9 29.0 28.4

Median duration, in weeks......................... 13.2 11.7 12.7 12.1 10.7 10.5 10.9 11.2 11.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 24.3 25.0 25.7 28.9 30.2 30.4 29.0 29.3 30.1

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 28.9 32.1 29.3 27.0 28.2 27.7 29.4 28.6 27.5

15 weeks and over.................................. 46.8 42.9 45.0 44.1 41.6 41.9 41.6 42.1 42.4

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 16.5 15.5 16.6 14.6 15.9 15.6 14.6 14.5 14.7

27 weeks and over............................... 30.4 27.4 28.4 29.5 25.7 26.3 26.9 27.7 27.6

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Mar.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Mar.

2016

Total, 16 years and over1............................................. 147,635 150,738 8,682 8,116 5.6 5.1

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 57,805 60,080 1,398 1,477 2.4 2.4

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 23,955 25,220 638 642 2.6 2.5

Professional and related occupations.......................... 33,850 34,860 760 835 2.2 2.3

Service occupations................................................ 25,010 25,643 1,782 1,797 6.6 6.5

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,927 33,445 2,000 1,710 5.6 4.9

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,949 15,963 976 726 5.8 4.4

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,977 17,482 1,024 983 5.4 5.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,437 13,482 1,366 1,237 9.2 8.4

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 999 1,043 186 153 15.7 12.8

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,439 7,564 922 807 11.0 9.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,000 4,875 259 277 4.9 5.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,456 18,088 1,372 1,169 7.3 6.1

Production occupations.......................................... 8,631 8,864 593 558 6.4 5.9

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 8,825 9,224 779 611 8.1 6.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Mar.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Mar.

2016

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 8,682 8,116 5.6 5.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 6,736 6,187 5.5 5.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 84 87 8.0 9.8

Construction.......................................................................... 831 768 9.5 8.7

Manufacturing........................................................................ 734 669 4.8 4.3

Durable goods..................................................................... 469 398 4.8 4.0

Nondurable goods................................................................ 265 271 4.7 4.6

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,252 1,031 6.0 5.1

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 263 262 4.3 3.9

Information............................................................................ 84 124 3.0 4.4

Financial activities................................................................... 248 294 2.6 3.0

Professional and business services............................................... 1,019 910 6.5 5.5

Education and health services..................................................... 742 788 3.3 3.4

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 1,135 981 8.6 7.2

Other services........................................................................ 344 273 5.4 4.3

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 251 176 14.9 10.7

Government workers................................................................... 509 656 2.4 3.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 456 409 4.5 4.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2015

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Nov.

2015

Dec.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016

Mar.

2016

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 5.6 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.9 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 6.8 6.3 6.1 6.7 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.0

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 11.0 10.1 9.9 10.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.7 9.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Mar.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Mar.

2016

Mar.

2015

Mar.

2016

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 93,762 93,914 37,509 37,729 56,253 56,185

Persons who currently want a job................................ 6,065 5,446 2,911 2,451 3,154 2,995

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,055 1,720 1,083 903 972 816

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 738 585 485 361 254 224

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,317 1,135 599 542 718 592

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,264 7,592 3,580 3,730 3,684 3,862

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.9 5.0 4.6 4.7 5.3 5.5

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,872 4,254 2,132 2,337 1,741 1,917

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,988 2,051 702 715 1,287 1,336

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 244 281 154 187 90 93

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,120 976 571 473 549 503

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Change

from:

Feb.2016 -

Mar.2016p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,099 141,150 141,987 142,877 140,972 143,314 143,559 143,774 215

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,751 119,229 119,645 120,411 119,011 121,261 121,497 121,692 195

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,153 19,197 19,167 19,280 19,548 19,702 19,687 19,683 -4

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848 740 716 703 859 749 732 720 -12

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.7 49.4 49.9 49.4 53.0 50.4 51.5 51.5 0.0

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797.1 690.1 666.3 653.7 806.1 698.5 680.4 668.0 -12.4

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195.9 181.9 178.7 176.4 197.9 181.7 179.8 178.7 -1.1

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.1 182.2 181.0 181.2 203.1 190.3 188.8 187.4 -1.4

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 58.9 57.2 56.0 67.9 59.4 57.8 56.7 -1.1

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.7 39.1 39.0 38.3 43.0 39.2 39.1 38.5 -0.6

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.4 84.2 84.8 86.9 92.2 91.8 92.0 92.2 0.2

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.1 326.0 306.6 296.1 405.1 326.5 311.8 301.9 -9.9

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,051 6,212 6,215 6,349 6,371 6,615 6,635 6,672 37

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,362.6 1,394.4 1,392.9 1,416.1 1,414.8 1,451.9 1,458.4 1,466.4 8.0

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656.5 682.8 680.7 687.8 686.9 713.4 715.9 717.7 1.8

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706.1 711.6 712.2 728.3 727.9 738.5 742.5 748.7 6.2

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 845.6 831.2 836.3 872.6 925.7 939.6 942.0 953.2 11.2

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,842.5 3,986.8 3,986.0 4,060.6 4,030.9 4,223.4 4,234.5 4,252.6 18.1

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,647.8 1,738.7 1,750.3 1,780.3 1,745.2 1,855.0 1,868.8 1,880.4 11.6

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,194.7 2,248.1 2,235.7 2,280.3 2,285.7 2,368.4 2,365.7 2,372.2 6.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,254 12,245 12,236 12,228 12,318 12,338 12,320 12,291 -29

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,744 7,696 7,684 7,677 7,769 7,742 7,725 7,701 -24

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.9 378.0 377.3 376.4 378.0 383.4 382.4 381.6 -0.8

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.5 386.2 385.0 392.3 393.3 400.9 401.6 402.6 1.0

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399.7 382.8 379.6 377.9 399.7 382.1 380.4 377.8 -2.6

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,465.0 1,438.1 1,431.2 1,429.1 1,470.7 1,446.5 1,438.8 1,434.6 -4.2

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,134.0 1,098.5 1,095.2 1,088.6 1,134.8 1,099.1 1,095.2 1,088.7 -6.5

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,050.4 1,042.9 1,041.8 1,040.3 1,052.8 1,045.6 1,045.1 1,041.7 -3.4

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 158.4 161.6 161.9 162.9 159.7 161.4 162.5 163.5 1.0

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.9 85.5 84.7 84.7 89.0 85.6 85.1 84.9 -0.2

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.3 364.4 364.4 361.8 368.9 365.2 364.8 362.1 -2.7

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398.5 396.8 395.8 395.9 398.7 398.5 397.4 396.1 -1.3

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 34.6 35.0 35.0 36.5 34.8 35.2 35.1 -0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 382.1 384.9 385.1 384.8 383.6 385.8 385.5 386.2 0.7

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,596.8 1,603.4 1,606.3 1,606.0 1,591.1 1,609.9 1,605.7 1,601.4 -4.3

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904.5 918.7 922.1 923.5 899.5 921.2 921.5 920.0 -1.5

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375.4 385.1 386.7 387.5 377.4 389.5 391.4 389.6 -1.8

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584.1 596.0 595.6 593.9 587.2 599.0 598.9 597.1 -1.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,510 4,549 4,552 4,551 4,549 4,596 4,595 4,590 -5

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,482.0 1,497.4 1,497.0 1,494.3 1,505.7 1,521.3 1,518.2 1,516.9 -1.3

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.1 115.0 114.4 114.5 117.2 116.2 114.8 114.4 -0.4

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.7 116.3 116.9 117.0 115.8 117.9 118.2 117.9 -0.3

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.3 134.3 134.7 133.4 137.0 134.1 134.4 133.6 -0.8

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371.4 372.4 371.1 371.1 373.3 373.3 373.0 373.0 0.0

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 449.9 446.6 443.9 444.8 450.5 448.2 446.0 445.8 -0.2

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.4 111.6 111.2 112.7 108.2 115.9 115.6 115.7 0.1

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.8 813.1 815.7 817.3 807.0 815.3 817.0 817.9 0.9

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683.3 686.6 687.9 689.1 684.5 690.4 690.3 690.2 -0.1

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.7 255.7 258.9 257.2 250.1 263.7 267.0 264.6 -2.4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,598 100,032 100,478 101,131 99,463 101,559 101,810 102,009 199

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,449 26,997 26,830 26,953 26,788 27,173 27,236 27,287 51

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,832.1 5,865.8 5,871.6 5,891.0 5,862.7 5,913.7 5,914.7 5,920.2 5.5

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,920.5 2,934.6 2,933.7 2,937.1 2,930.6 2,947.9 2,946.5 2,946.6 0.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,011.2 2,027.1 2,033.1 2,045.0 2,027.7 2,054.4 2,057.4 2,060.9 3.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Change

from:

Feb.2016 -

Mar.2016p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900.4 904.1 904.8 908.9 904.4 911.4 910.8 912.7 1.9

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,305.3 15,717.5 15,594.7 15,692.2 15,564.4 15,827.3 15,894.4 15,942.1 47.7

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,900.1 1,957.5 1,964.2 1,979.5 1,913.3 1,982.7 1,986.4 1,992.1 5.7

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,219.8 1,265.4 1,269.4 1,276.5 1,225.7 1,274.5 1,277.3 1,282.3 5.0

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.6 141.5 143.2 146.7 143.6 151.9 151.7 150.9 -0.8

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 540.7 550.6 551.6 556.3 544.0 556.3 557.4 559.0 1.6

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 460.9 475.7 471.7 473.1 468.2 474.0 477.3 479.8 2.5

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 510.5 547.8 528.9 520.9 518.8 528.2 530.6 529.1 -1.5

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,222.7 1,197.7 1,221.8 1,272.9 1,234.7 1,264.4 1,271.5 1,281.0 9.5

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,023.1 3,050.9 3,060.8 3,064.3 3,060.1 3,072.4 3,093.3 3,100.0 6.7

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,027.0 1,037.5 1,030.4 1,040.6 1,034.1 1,036.0 1,036.1 1,046.3 10.2

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885.9 906.2 903.8 909.3 899.5 917.9 920.2 922.3 2.1

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,299.4 1,385.5 1,340.7 1,331.2 1,355.0 1,380.2 1,391.8 1,387.4 -4.4

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609.3 633.0 625.7 624.5 629.3 632.3 639.6 640.8 1.2

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,071.8 3,179.1 3,112.3 3,149.1 3,120.4 3,173.0 3,185.8 3,197.8 12.0

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,305.4 1,341.3 1,288.5 1,291.4 1,340.3 1,320.3 1,321.8 1,325.7 3.9

Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . 1,766.4 1,837.8 1,823.8 1,857.7 1,780.1 1,852.6 1,864.0 1,872.2 8.2

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799.0 821.2 816.5 809.8 823.2 839.3 833.3 835.5 2.2

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495.6 525.4 517.9 517.0 507.8 526.9 528.5 530.0 1.5

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,758.6 4,852.1 4,800.8 4,805.9 4,806.1 4,867.9 4,861.4 4,858.9 -2.5

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449.2 460.4 459.9 460.7 450.6 462.8 462.7 462.3 -0.4

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247.0 222.9 219.5 217.5 247.4 223.9 220.8 218.0 -2.8

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.1 59.6 59.1 59.2 66.6 61.5 60.9 60.9 0.0

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,417.9 1,436.8 1,432.3 1,434.0 1,446.1 1,465.6 1,464.7 1,462.3 -2.4

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488.1 483.8 484.3 490.8 475.3 472.5 473.9 477.3 3.4

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 50.3 49.5 48.9 48.4 50.3 49.6 49.2 -0.4

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 25.1 21.0 21.1 22.3 31.0 28.9 28.7 28.8 0.1

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 641.3 648.2 647.2 645.5 645.3 652.4 651.8 649.7 -2.1

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587.3 633.4 592.5 590.9 600.0 608.3 604.9 605.9 1.0

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789.4 835.7 835.4 836.1 795.4 841.7 843.4 844.5 1.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.3 562.0 562.9 563.9 555.2 563.8 565.6 565.6 0.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,730 2,726 2,764 2,770 2,735 2,763 2,773 2,774 1

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 723.5 724.0 723.9 723.6 726.2 726.1 726.7 725.7 -1.0

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391.1 375.0 408.5 414.4 391.5 405.2 410.3 413.3 3.0

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279.5 278.3 279.8 279.7 279.9 279.5 280.3 279.9 -0.4

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807.7 801.4 799.9 800.6 807.7 803.0 801.4 801.0 -0.4

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.3 295.1 296.3 297.1 292.8 297.2 297.8 298.0 0.2

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.5 252.3 255.8 254.6 237.2 251.7 256.2 256.1 -0.1

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,037 8,155 8,158 8,181 8,082 8,207 8,212 8,227 15

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,992.2 6,085.9 6,088.5 6,104.7 6,004.2 6,096.3 6,101.8 6,116.9 15.1

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 17.7 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,556.8 2,578.8 2,574.5 2,584.2 2,563.7 2,581.8 2,581.7 2,591.0 9.3

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,679.3 1,678.5 1,675.4 1,682.0 1,682.4 1,678.1 1,678.2 1,684.7 6.5

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,277.3 1,264.8 1,261.7 1,267.3 1,278.5 1,264.4 1,263.5 1,268.4 4.9

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 586.5 600.9 600.3 602.5 589.2 602.7 603.6 605.4 1.8

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 291.0 299.4 298.8 299.7 292.1 301.0 299.9 300.9 1.0

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 895.7 916.8 916.7 919.9 897.7 919.8 919.0 922.1 3.1

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,522.0 2,572.5 2,579.5 2,582.8 2,524.9 2,576.8 2,583.2 2,585.9 2.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,044.6 2,068.8 2,069.6 2,076.5 2,078.1 2,110.6 2,110.6 2,110.0 -0.6

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,490.7 1,517.5 1,519.5 1,524.5 1,510.3 1,541.5 1,543.3 1,544.3 1.0

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530.6 528.3 526.9 528.8 544.3 545.5 543.7 542.1 -1.6

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.3 23.0 23.2 23.2 23.5 23.6 23.6 23.6 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Change

from:

Feb.2016 -

Mar.2016p

Private service-providing - Continued

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,233 19,643 19,723 19,828 19,436 19,979 20,009 20,042 33

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,581.7 8,797.6 8,868.5 8,873.1 8,527.2 8,789.3 8,806.6 8,820.1 13.5

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,112.9 1,114.7 1,116.7 1,120.8 1,116.6 1,123.5 1,123.6 1,124.8 1.2

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,084.6 1,087.9 1,135.1 1,123.5 968.6 1,008.7 1,008.5 1,009.0 0.5

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,379.8 1,415.0 1,413.4 1,414.8 1,398.8 1,431.0 1,433.8 1,434.1 0.3

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.3 137.0 137.2 137.5 131.4 140.1 138.9 138.9 0.0

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,863.1 1,952.0 1,957.9 1,952.1 1,876.5 1,957.4 1,963.2 1,967.3 4.1

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,244.0 1,289.2 1,300.0 1,307.5 1,255.2 1,305.4 1,311.2 1,318.0 6.8

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649.9 657.9 657.6 663.1 651.7 664.3 663.1 664.9 1.8

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.2 489.7 489.8 487.9 477.9 493.3 491.9 491.0 -0.9

Other professional and technical services. . . 641.9 654.2 660.8 665.9 650.3 665.6 672.3 672.2 -0.1

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,189.6 2,243.6 2,244.1 2,251.1 2,197.4 2,250.5 2,256.1 2,259.1 3.0

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,462.0 8,601.8 8,610.5 8,703.8 8,711.2 8,939.2 8,945.9 8,962.4 16.5

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,076.8 8,207.7 8,217.1 8,306.3 8,317.7 8,537.2 8,543.3 8,557.4 14.1

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 464.0 480.2 482.2 484.7 466.4 483.3 484.8 486.4 1.6

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.8 141.1 143.4 145.7 138.1 142.7 143.6 145.1 1.5

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,382.3 3,427.4 3,417.0 3,443.7 3,487.0 3,572.0 3,565.4 3,559.2 -6.2

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,747.9 2,774.9 2,760.1 2,791.6 2,836.9 2,900.3 2,887.9 2,891.9 4.0

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887.9 905.3 904.7 903.4 888.7 902.5 902.0 904.2 2.2

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199.0 196.3 199.4 204.1 199.9 201.3 203.5 205.2 1.7

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 860.6 877.8 879.4 880.8 867.4 884.5 886.6 887.0 0.4

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,842.1 1,864.5 1,870.6 1,920.5 1,968.0 2,032.3 2,035.1 2,047.6 12.5

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302.1 315.1 320.4 323.4 302.1 318.7 322.2 322.8 0.6

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.2 394.1 393.4 397.5 393.5 402.0 402.6 405.0 2.4

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,973 22,261 22,590 22,687 21,828 22,404 22,488 22,539 51

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,615.3 3,385.0 3,656.2 3,684.5 3,452.7 3,484.4 3,509.8 3,517.2 7.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,358.1 18,876.3 18,934.2 19,002.4 18,374.9 18,919.4 18,977.8 19,021.8 44.0

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,883.9 15,300.2 15,335.7 15,384.8 14,917.1 15,342.9 15,383.6 15,420.4 36.8

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 6,765.9 6,985.7 7,015.9 7,050.2 6,786.1 7,011.6 7,040.3 7,067.7 27.4

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,502.1 2,570.8 2,577.1 2,584.9 2,506.9 2,575.2 2,582.2 2,588.2 6.0

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894.3 922.7 926.2 926.0 899.2 925.9 929.3 931.4 2.1

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 801.9 829.3 835.7 841.4 804.8 833.3 837.9 842.7 4.8

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734.1 759.0 761.9 765.5 735.1 760.7 764.0 766.6 2.6

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 256.6 256.3 256.5 258.9 256.1 257.3 257.1 258.9 1.8

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,294.7 1,358.0 1,367.4 1,380.8 1,301.3 1,366.3 1,376.2 1,385.8 9.6

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.2 289.6 291.1 292.7 282.8 293.0 293.6 294.0 0.4

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,853.3 5,013.5 5,022.8 5,034.4 4,856.3 5,018.0 5,029.5 5,039.7 10.2

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,264.7 3,301.0 3,297.0 3,300.2 3,274.7 3,313.3 3,313.8 3,313.0 -0.8

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,639.7 1,650.5 1,642.0 1,640.9 1,644.6 1,655.3 1,650.8 1,647.6 -3.2

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 603.2 608.0 609.8 612.1 605.1 610.9 612.9 613.9 1.0

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860.5 882.3 884.0 885.2 862.5 884.8 887.0 888.4 1.4

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 161.3 160.2 161.2 162.0 162.5 162.2 163.1 163.1 0.0

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,474.2 3,576.1 3,598.5 3,617.6 3,457.8 3,576.5 3,594.2 3,601.4 7.2

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,099.6 2,186.0 2,198.2 2,206.2 2,098.5 2,189.9 2,202.1 2,207.3 5.2

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 153.7 156.6 156.7 157.8 154.0 157.3 157.8 158.0 0.2

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 332.4 331.0 332.7 332.6 336.4 335.1 337.0 336.0 -1.0

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888.5 902.5 910.9 921.0 868.9 894.3 897.4 900.1 2.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,599 14,661 14,792 15,060 14,989 15,376 15,421 15,461 40

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,982.2 1,950.1 1,985.5 2,059.3 2,139.7 2,199.7 2,208.0 2,221.3 13.3

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 428.9 412.5 431.0 450.5 446.6 464.5 467.2 469.5 2.3

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.9 139.7 138.9 145.0 150.3 152.0 150.8 152.5 1.7

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,410.4 1,397.9 1,415.6 1,463.8 1,542.8 1,583.2 1,590.0 1,599.3 9.3

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,617.0 12,710.6 12,806.0 13,000.3 12,849.5 13,176.4 13,212.9 13,239.2 26.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Change

from:

Feb.2016 -

Mar.2016p

Accommodation and food services -

Continued

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,851.6 1,827.4 1,846.4 1,868.6 1,915.9 1,926.5 1,930.1 1,931.6 1.5

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 10,765.4 10,883.2 10,959.6 11,131.7 10,933.6 11,249.9 11,282.8 11,307.6 24.8

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,577 5,589 5,621 5,652 5,605 5,657 5,671 5,679 8

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,267.4 1,271.0 1,284.0 1,287.7 1,269.4 1,285.5 1,291.8 1,290.3 -1.5

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,381.3 1,395.8 1,401.8 1,416.0 1,389.8 1,414.5 1,420.3 1,424.9 4.6

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,928.0 2,922.3 2,935.4 2,948.5 2,945.6 2,957.2 2,959.0 2,964.2 5.2

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,348 21,921 22,342 22,466 21,961 22,053 22,062 22,082 20

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,734.0 2,748.0 2,754.0 2,759.0 2,747.0 2,763.0 2,768.0 2,770.0 2.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,141.7 2,152.6 2,151.8 2,154.5 2,152.2 2,165.1 2,165.1 2,164.7 -0.4

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.7 595.4 602.0 604.2 595.1 598.0 603.2 604.9 1.7

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,250.0 5,022.0 5,225.0 5,253.0 5,094.0 5,107.0 5,101.0 5,100.0 -1.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,582.1 2,365.2 2,568.4 2,592.0 2,419.0 2,436.6 2,431.8 2,431.8 0.0

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,667.9 2,657.2 2,656.9 2,660.7 2,674.5 2,670.1 2,669.2 2,667.8 -1.4

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,364.0 14,151.0 14,363.0 14,454.0 14,120.0 14,183.0 14,193.0 14,212.0 19.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,164.3 7,922.1 8,111.4 8,165.7 7,816.0 7,817.4 7,813.5 7,819.5 6.0

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,199.3 6,228.6 6,251.4 6,288.7 6,304.1 6,365.9 6,379.4 6,392.2 12.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.6 34.4 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.4 40.4 40.2 40.0

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.5 43.5 43.2 42.6

Construction....................................................................... 39.0 39.3 38.9 38.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.8 40.7 40.7 40.6

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.2 41.2 41.1 41.1

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.2 40.0 39.9 39.8

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.4 33.4 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.6 34.6 34.5 34.4

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 38.9 39.0 38.8

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.4 31.4 31.3 31.1

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.9 39.0 38.9 38.9

Utilities........................................................................... 42.9 42.5 41.5 41.9

Information......................................................................... 36.4 36.2 35.9 35.9

Financial activities................................................................ 37.5 37.7 37.6 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.2 36.3 36.1 36.0

Education and health services.................................................. 32.8 32.9 32.8 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.2 26.2 26.2 26.1

Other services..................................................................... 31.8 32.0 31.9 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Total private............................................... $24.87 $25.38 $25.36 $25.43 $858.02 $878.15 $872.38 $874.79

Goods-producing....................................... 26.06 26.51 26.54 26.63 1,052.82 1,071.00 1,066.91 1,065.20

Mining and logging.................................. 31.04 31.73 31.48 31.56 1,381.28 1,380.26 1,359.94 1,344.46

Construction.......................................... 27.24 27.63 27.72 27.85 1,062.36 1,085.86 1,078.31 1,077.80

Manufacturing........................................ 25.10 25.60 25.62 25.69 1,024.08 1,041.92 1,042.73 1,043.01

Durable goods.................................... 26.43 26.93 26.94 26.97 1,088.92 1,109.52 1,107.23 1,108.47

Nondurable goods................................ 22.77 23.29 23.33 23.47 915.35 931.60 930.87 934.11

Private service-providing.............................. 24.58 25.12 25.09 25.15 820.97 839.01 835.50 837.50

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 21.66 22.08 22.08 22.17 749.44 763.97 761.76 762.65

Wholesale trade.................................. 28.40 29.01 29.05 29.31 1,101.92 1,128.49 1,132.95 1,137.23

Retail trade........................................ 17.30 17.73 17.73 17.77 543.22 556.72 554.95 552.65

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.92 23.09 23.08 23.06 891.59 900.51 897.81 897.03

Utilities............................................. 36.85 37.81 37.68 37.91 1,580.87 1,606.93 1,563.72 1,588.43

Information........................................... 34.67 36.04 36.18 36.26 1,261.99 1,304.65 1,298.86 1,301.73

Financial activities................................... 31.32 32.11 31.98 32.14 1,174.50 1,210.55 1,202.45 1,208.46

Professional and business services.............. 29.90 30.52 30.44 30.53 1,082.38 1,107.88 1,098.88 1,099.08

Education and health services..................... 25.13 25.58 25.60 25.59 824.26 841.58 839.68 841.91

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.23 14.61 14.61 14.65 372.83 382.78 382.78 382.37

Other services....................................... 22.35 22.81 22.79 22.75 710.73 729.92 727.00 725.73

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Feb.

2016 -

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Feb.

2016 -

Mar.

2016p

Total private..................................... 103.1 105.3 104.9 105.1 0.2 122.5 127.8 127.2 127.7 0.4

Goods-producing............................. 90.0 90.7 90.2 89.7 -0.6 106.0 108.7 108.2 108.0 -0.2

Mining and logging........................ 120.1 102.4 99.4 96.4 -3.0 149.7 130.4 125.6 122.1 -2.8

Construction................................ 85.7 89.6 89.0 89.0 0.0 101.4 107.6 107.2 107.7 0.5

Manufacturing.............................. 90.4 90.3 90.2 89.8 -0.4 105.5 107.6 107.5 107.3 -0.2

Durable goods........................... 90.1 89.8 89.4 89.1 -0.3 105.8 107.4 106.9 106.7 -0.2

Nondurable goods...................... 91.3 91.7 91.5 91.2 -0.3 105.4 108.4 108.3 108.6 0.3

Private service-providing.................... 106.9 109.1 109.1 109.3 0.2 127.7 133.2 133.0 133.6 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 100.8 102.3 102.2 102.1 -0.1 117.5 121.5 121.4 121.8 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 99.2 100.4 100.6 100.2 -0.4 117.6 121.5 122.0 122.6 0.5

Retail trade.............................. 99.3 101.0 101.1 100.7 -0.4 113.5 118.3 118.5 118.3 -0.2

Transportation and warehousing...... 107.0 108.7 108.2 108.2 0.0 124.5 127.3 126.8 126.6 -0.2

Utilities.................................... 103.1 103.7 101.6 102.5 0.9 125.5 129.5 126.4 128.4 1.6

Information................................. 90.9 91.3 90.9 90.9 0.0 112.2 117.2 117.1 117.4 0.3

Financial activities......................... 99.3 101.3 101.1 101.3 0.2 121.3 126.9 126.1 127.0 0.7

Professional and business services..... 110.7 114.1 113.6 113.5 -0.1 134.0 141.0 140.1 140.4 0.2

Education and health services........... 116.9 120.4 120.4 121.1 0.6 141.3 148.0 148.3 149.0 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 112.1 114.9 115.3 115.1 -0.2 128.6 135.5 135.9 136.1 0.1

Other services............................. 102.8 104.4 104.3 104.5 0.2 125.9 130.5 130.3 130.2 -0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Total nonfarm............................................. 69,541 70,835 71,013 71,156 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.5

Total private............................................ 56,983 58,210 58,381 58,514 47.9 48.0 48.1 48.1

Goods-producing.................................... 4,275 4,295 4,294 4,295 21.9 21.8 21.8 21.8

Mining and logging............................... 119 107 106 105 13.9 14.3 14.5 14.6

Construction....................................... 803 824 826 829 12.6 12.5 12.4 12.4

Manufacturing..................................... 3,353 3,364 3,362 3,361 27.2 27.3 27.3 27.3

Durable goods.................................. 1,800 1,801 1,799 1,799 23.2 23.3 23.3 23.4

Nondurable goods............................. 1,553 1,563 1,563 1,562 34.1 34.0 34.0 34.0

Private service-providing........................... 52,708 53,915 54,087 54,219 53.0 53.1 53.1 53.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,854 11,020 11,053 11,077 40.5 40.6 40.6 40.6

Wholesale trade................................ 1,726.6 1,740.3 1,741.1 1,744.4 29.5 29.4 29.4 29.5

Retail trade..................................... 7,851.7 7,991.3 8,021.8 8,047.1 50.4 50.5 50.5 50.5

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,142.0 1,152.8 1,154.7 1,150.6 23.8 23.7 23.8 23.7

Utilities........................................... 133.7 135.2 135.0 134.6 24.1 24.0 23.9 23.8

Information......................................... 1,101 1,107 1,111 1,114 40.3 40.1 40.1 40.2

Financial activities................................ 4,622 4,684 4,690 4,697 57.2 57.1 57.1 57.1

Professional and business services............ 8,637 8,926 8,950 8,972 44.4 44.7 44.7 44.8

Education and health services.................. 16,796 17,264 17,326 17,370 76.9 77.1 77.0 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 7,772 7,957 7,993 8,016 51.9 51.7 51.8 51.8

Other services..................................... 2,926 2,957 2,964 2,973 52.2 52.3 52.3 52.4

Government............................................. 12,558 12,625 12,632 12,642 57.2 57.2 57.3 57.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Total private............................................................................... 98,154 99,910 100,095 100,250

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,087 14,209 14,193 14,197

Mining and logging.................................................................. 630 541 525 511

Construction.......................................................................... 4,784 4,981 5,000 5,028

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,673 8,687 8,668 8,658

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,350 5,336 5,323 5,319

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,323 3,351 3,345 3,339

Private service-providing.............................................................. 84,067 85,701 85,902 86,053

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,585 22,841 22,907 22,946

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,717.3 4,737.2 4,737.2 4,735.2

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,257.4 13,444.2 13,505.1 13,547.8

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,163.8 4,207.4 4,211.6 4,209.8

Utilities.............................................................................. 446.9 451.8 452.7 452.8

Information............................................................................ 2,214 2,228 2,240 2,241

Financial activities................................................................... 6,240 6,350 6,357 6,372

Professional and business services............................................... 15,997 16,402 16,405 16,422

Education and health services..................................................... 19,151 19,662 19,731 19,766

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,212 13,516 13,551 13,599

Other services........................................................................ 4,668 4,702 4,711 4,707

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.7 33.7 33.6 33.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.1 41.3 41.2 40.9

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.2 46.0 44.7 43.9

Construction....................................................................... 39.2 39.8 40.0 39.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.8 41.9 41.7 41.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.1 42.3 42.1 42.1

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.4 41.2 41.1 41.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.5 32.4 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.7 33.7 33.6 33.5

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.6 38.5 38.5 38.5

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.0 30.0 29.9 29.8

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.7 38.9 38.9 38.9

Utilities........................................................................... 42.8 42.9 41.7 42.3

Information......................................................................... 35.9 35.8 35.5 35.6

Financial activities................................................................ 37.0 37.2 37.1 37.1

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.6 35.4 35.5

Education and health services.................................................. 32.0 32.2 32.1 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.1 24.9 24.9 24.8

Other services..................................................................... 30.7 30.6 30.7 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Total private............................................... $20.89 $21.33 $21.33 $21.37 $703.99 $718.82 $716.69 $718.03

Goods-producing....................................... 21.83 22.22 22.26 22.38 897.21 917.69 917.11 915.34

Mining and logging.................................. 26.45 26.77 26.77 26.73 1,221.99 1,231.42 1,196.62 1,173.45

Construction.......................................... 25.08 25.41 25.42 25.68 983.14 1,011.32 1,016.80 1,009.22

Manufacturing........................................ 19.78 20.17 20.21 20.30 826.80 845.12 842.76 846.51

Durable goods.................................... 20.87 21.23 21.28 21.38 878.63 898.03 895.89 900.10

Nondurable goods................................ 17.99 18.46 18.46 18.55 744.79 760.55 758.71 762.41

Private service-providing.............................. 20.70 21.14 21.14 21.16 670.68 687.05 684.94 685.58

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 18.56 18.88 18.85 18.90 625.47 636.26 633.36 633.15

Wholesale trade.................................. 23.52 23.96 23.93 23.98 907.87 922.46 921.31 923.23

Retail trade........................................ 14.64 14.97 14.97 15.04 439.20 449.10 447.60 448.19

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.82 20.99 20.95 20.94 805.73 816.51 814.96 814.57

Utilities............................................. 33.90 34.55 34.59 34.58 1,450.92 1,482.20 1,442.40 1,462.73

Information........................................... 28.64 29.59 29.73 29.64 1,028.18 1,059.32 1,055.42 1,055.18

Financial activities................................... 25.16 25.85 25.84 25.85 930.92 961.62 958.66 959.04

Professional and business services.............. 24.58 25.11 25.08 25.11 870.13 893.92 887.83 891.41

Education and health services..................... 21.98 22.34 22.42 22.42 703.36 719.35 719.68 721.92

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 12.34 12.66 12.67 12.70 309.73 315.23 315.48 314.96

Other services....................................... 18.90 19.19 19.19 19.16 580.23 587.21 589.13 588.21

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Feb.

2016 -

Mar.

2016p

Mar.

2015

Jan.

2016

Feb.

2016p

Mar.

2016p

Percent

change

from:

Feb.

2016 -

Mar.

2016p

Total private..................................... 110.2 112.2 112.1 112.2 0.1 153.9 159.9 159.7 160.3 0.4

Goods-producing............................. 88.5 89.7 89.4 88.7 -0.8 118.3 122.0 121.8 121.6 -0.2

Mining and logging........................ 154.7 132.2 124.7 119.2 -4.4 237.9 205.9 194.2 185.3 -4.6

Construction................................ 93.9 99.3 100.1 98.9 -1.2 127.2 136.2 137.5 137.2 -0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 83.2 83.6 83.0 82.9 -0.1 107.7 110.2 109.7 110.0 0.3

Durable goods........................... 84.6 84.8 84.2 84.1 -0.1 110.3 112.4 111.9 112.3 0.4

Nondurable goods...................... 81.1 81.3 81.0 80.9 -0.1 103.0 106.1 105.7 106.0 0.3

Private service-providing.................... 116.0 118.6 118.5 118.7 0.2 164.7 172.0 171.8 172.3 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 106.1 107.3 107.3 107.2 -0.1 140.5 144.5 144.3 144.5 0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 107.2 107.4 107.4 107.4 0.0 148.6 151.6 151.4 151.7 0.2

Retail trade.............................. 100.7 102.1 102.2 102.2 0.0 126.3 131.0 131.1 131.7 0.5

Transportation and warehousing...... 121.3 123.2 123.3 123.3 0.0 160.2 164.0 163.9 163.7 -0.1

Utilities.................................... 97.8 99.1 96.5 97.9 1.5 138.4 142.9 139.4 141.4 1.4

Information................................. 90.7 91.0 90.8 91.1 0.3 128.6 133.4 133.6 133.6 0.0

Financial activities......................... 108.7 111.2 111.0 111.3 0.3 168.2 176.9 176.5 177.0 0.3

Professional and business services..... 126.9 130.9 130.2 130.7 0.4 185.6 195.5 194.2 195.2 0.5

Education and health services........... 130.6 135.0 135.0 135.7 0.5 189.5 199.0 199.8 200.8 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 121.5 123.3 123.6 123.5 -0.1 170.2 177.2 177.8 178.2 0.2

Other services............................. 100.5 100.9 101.4 101.3 -0.1 138.4 141.1 141.8 141.5 -0.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.