Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-17-1177 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, September 1, 2017

Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — AUGUST 2017 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 156,000 in August, and the unemployment rate was 

little changed at 4.4 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in 

manufacturing, construction, professional and technical services, health care, and mining. 

Household Survey Data

In August, the unemployment rate, at 4.4 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 7.1 

million, were little changed. After declining earlier in the year, the unemployment rate has been either 

4.3 or 4.4 percent since April. (See table A-1.) 

Hurricane Harvey

Hurricane Harvey had no discernable effect on the employment and unemployment data for 

August. Household survey data collection was completed before the storm. Establishment survey 

data collection for this news release was largely completed prior to the storm, and collection rates 

were within normal ranges nationally and for the affected areas. For information on how 

unusually severe weather can affect the employment and hours estimates, see the Frequently 

Asked Questions section of this release. 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, August 2015 – August 2017

Percent Thousands

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17 May-17 Aug-17

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

August 2015 – August 2017

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17 May-17 Aug-17
-2- 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.1 percent), adult women 

(4.0 percent), teenagers (13.6 percent), Whites (3.9 percent), Blacks (7.7 percent), Asians (4.0 percent), 

and Hispanics (5.2 percent) showed little or no change in August. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged 

in August at 1.7 million and accounted for 24.7 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate, at 62.9 percent, was unchanged in August and has shown little 

movement on net over the past year. The employment-population ratio, at 60.1 percent, was little 

changed over the month and thus far this year. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 5.3 million in August and has shown little 

movement in recent months. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were 

working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time 

job. (See table A-8.)

In August, 1.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, about the same as a year 

earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 448,000 discouraged workers in August, down 128,000 

from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in August had not searched for work for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 156,000 in August. Job gains occurred in 

manufacturing, construction, professional and technical services, health care, and mining. Employment 

growth has averaged 176,000 per month thus far this year, about in line with the average monthly gain 

of 187,000 in 2016. (See table B-1.) 

Manufacturing employment rose by 36,000 in August. Job gains occurred in motor vehicles and parts 

(+14,000), fabricated metal products (+5,000), and computer and electronic products (+4,000). 

Manufacturing has added 155,000 jobs since a recent employment low in November 2016. 

In August, construction employment rose by 28,000, after showing little change over the prior 5 

months. Employment among residential specialty trade contractors edged up by 12,000 over the month. 

Employment in professional and technical services continued to trend up in August (+22,000) and has 

grown by 262,000 over the last 12 months. In August, job gains occurred in computer systems design 

and related services (+8,000). 

Health care employment continued on an upward trend over the month (+20,000) and has risen by 

328,000 over the year. Employment in hospitals edged up over the month (+6,000). 
-3- 

Mining continued to add jobs in August (+7,000), with all of the growth in support activities for mining. 

Since a recent low in October 2016, employment in mining has risen by 62,000, or 10 percent. 

Employment in food services and drinking places changed little in August (+9,000), following an 

increase of 53,000 in July. Over the year, the industry has added 283,000 jobs. 

Employment in other major industries, including wholesale trade, retail trade, transportation and 

warehousing, information, financial activities, and government, showed little change over the month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.1 hour to 34.4 

hours in August. In manufacturing, the workweek declined by 0.2 hour to 40.7 hours, while overtime 

was unchanged at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls was 33.7 hours for the fifth consecutive month. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In August, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 3 cents to 

$26.39, after rising by 9 cents in July. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased 

by 65 cents, or 2.5 percent. In August, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and 

nonsupervisory employees increased by 4 cents to $22.12. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised down from +231,000 to 

+210,000, and the change for July was revised down from +209,000 to +189,000. With these revisions, 

employment gains in June and July combined were 41,000 less than previously reported. (Monthly 

revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last 

published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have 

averaged 185,000 per month over the past 3 months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for September is scheduled to be released on Friday, October 6, 2017, 

at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

2017 CES Preliminary Benchmark Revision will be released on September 6, 2017

Each year, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey estimates are benchmarked to 

comprehensive counts of employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) for the month of March. These counts are derived from state unemployment insurance 

(UI) tax records that nearly all employers are required to file. On September 6, 2017, at 10:00 

a.m. (EDT), the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the preliminary estimate of the 

upcoming annual benchmark revision to the establishment survey employment series. This is the 

same day the first-quarter 2017 data from QCEW will be issued. Preliminary benchmark 

revisions for all major industry sectors, as well as total nonfarm and total private levels, will be 

available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm. 

The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2018 

Employment Situation news release in February 2018. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Change from:

July 2017-

Aug. 2017

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 253,854 254,957 255,151 255,357 206

Civilian labor force........................................................... 159,508 160,145 160,494 160,571 77

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.8 62.8 62.9 62.9 0.0

Employed................................................................... 151,655 153,168 153,513 153,439 -74

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.7 60.1 60.2 60.1 -0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 7,853 6,977 6,981 7,132 151

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 94,346 94,813 94,657 94,785 128

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.1 0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 0.0

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 15.6 13.3 13.2 13.6 0.4

White.......................................................................... 4.4 3.8 3.8 3.9 0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 8.1 7.1 7.4 7.7 0.3

Asian.......................................................................... 4.2 3.6 3.8 4.0 0.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 5.7 4.8 5.1 5.2 0.1

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 4.1 3.7 3.6 3.8 0.2

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 7.3 6.4 6.9 6.0 -0.9

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.1 4.6 4.5 5.1 0.6

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.8 0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.4 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,777 3,444 3,378 3,523 145

Job leavers...................................................................... 893 820 757 804 47

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,284 2,043 2,083 2,132 49

New entrants.................................................................... 853 682 703 656 -47

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,318 2,305 2,133 2,222 89

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,308 1,933 2,017 2,015 -2

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,080 948 957 1,055 98

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,997 1,664 1,785 1,740 -45

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 6,027 5,326 5,282 5,255 -27

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,736 3,286 3,161 3,266 105

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,907 1,727 1,754 1,645 -109

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,575 20,791 21,260 21,447 187

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,713 1,582 1,629 1,548 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 576 514 536 448 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 210 189 156

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 207 202 165

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -24 42 23 70

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 6 0 6

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 15 -3 28

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -17 21 26 36

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -20 19 19 28

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -8.8 2.9 5.3 13.7

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 7 8

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 165 179 95

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 11.9 6.1 6.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.7 -3.7 -1.9 0.8

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.5 5.6 1.6 1.9

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.6 0.8 -0.6 -0.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 -1 -4 -8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 15 10 10

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 44 50 40

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 11.1 10.1 0.1

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 40 54 25

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.7 50.6 43.5 16.6

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 38 58 4

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 14 6 16

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3 -13 -9

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 187 181 185

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 185 187 191

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 49.5 49.5 49.5

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 48.1 48.1 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 34.5 34.5 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25.74 $26.27 $26.36 $26.39

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $882.88 $906.32 $909.42 $907.82

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.3 107.4 107.6 107.4

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.6 134.9 135.6 135.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.1 0.7 0.5 -0.1

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (261 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 64.9 64.9 63.8

Manufacturing (78 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.3 60.3 62.2 73.1

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 634,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000 

(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253,854 255,151 255,357 253,854 254,588 254,767 254,957 255,151 255,357

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,800 161,911 160,863 159,508 160,213 159,784 160,145 160,494 160,571

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 63.5 63.0 62.8 62.9 62.7 62.8 62.9 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,804 154,470 153,576 151,655 153,156 152,923 153,168 153,513 153,439

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 60.5 60.1 59.7 60.2 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,996 7,441 7,287 7,853 7,056 6,861 6,977 6,981 7,132

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,054 93,240 94,494 94,346 94,375 94,983 94,813 94,657 94,785

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,824 5,713 5,852 5,841 5,707 5,561 5,431 5,420 5,844

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,656 123,311 123,413 122,656 123,032 123,120 123,215 123,311 123,413

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,416 86,212 85,633 84,902 85,175 84,896 84,992 84,989 85,137

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.6 69.9 69.4 69.2 69.2 69.0 69.0 68.9 69.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,365 82,484 81,975 80,669 81,419 81,290 81,290 81,273 81,310

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 66.9 66.4 65.8 66.2 66.0 66.0 65.9 65.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,052 3,728 3,659 4,234 3,755 3,606 3,702 3,715 3,826

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.3 4.3 5.0 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,240 37,099 37,780 37,754 37,857 38,224 38,223 38,323 38,277

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,173 114,817 114,918 114,173 114,538 114,627 114,721 114,817 114,918

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,048 82,656 82,474 81,835 82,091 81,942 81,975 82,108 82,252

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.9 72.0 71.8 71.7 71.7 71.5 71.5 71.5 71.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,562 79,457 79,255 78,142 78,838 78,801 78,707 78,830 78,847

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.8 69.2 69.0 68.4 68.8 68.7 68.6 68.7 68.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,487 3,199 3,219 3,693 3,253 3,141 3,268 3,278 3,405

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.5 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,124 32,161 32,445 32,338 32,447 32,685 32,746 32,709 32,666

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,198 131,840 131,943 131,198 131,556 131,647 131,742 131,840 131,943

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,384 75,699 75,230 74,605 75,038 74,887 75,153 75,505 75,435

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 57.4 57.0 56.9 57.0 56.9 57.0 57.3 57.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,439 71,986 71,601 70,986 71,737 71,633 71,878 72,240 72,129

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.7 54.6 54.3 54.1 54.5 54.4 54.6 54.8 54.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,945 3,713 3,628 3,619 3,301 3,255 3,274 3,265 3,306

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,814 56,141 56,713 56,593 56,518 56,759 56,590 56,334 56,509

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,949 123,577 123,679 122,949 123,296 123,386 123,480 123,577 123,679

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,290 72,127 72,045 71,674 72,136 71,988 72,149 72,526 72,425

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 58.4 58.3 58.3 58.5 58.3 58.4 58.7 58.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,776 68,860 68,835 68,452 69,213 69,105 69,241 69,599 69,500

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 55.7 55.7 55.7 56.1 56.0 56.1 56.3 56.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,514 3,267 3,210 3,223 2,922 2,883 2,907 2,927 2,925

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,660 51,450 51,634 51,275 51,161 51,398 51,332 51,051 51,254

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,732 16,757 16,759 16,732 16,754 16,754 16,756 16,757 16,759

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,462 7,128 6,344 5,999 5,986 5,854 6,021 5,860 5,895

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.6 42.5 37.9 35.9 35.7 34.9 35.9 35.0 35.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,466 6,154 5,487 5,062 5,105 5,017 5,220 5,084 5,092

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 36.7 32.7 30.3 30.5 29.9 31.2 30.3 30.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996 974 858 937 881 837 801 775 803

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 13.7 13.5 15.6 14.7 14.3 13.3 13.2 13.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,270 9,629 10,415 10,733 10,768 10,901 10,735 10,898 10,865

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198,380 198,974 199,082 198,380 198,685 198,775 198,872 198,974 199,082

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,998 126,046 125,280 124,736 124,925 124,481 124,890 124,968 125,037

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 63.3 62.9 62.9 62.9 62.6 62.8 62.8 62.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,477 121,029 120,365 119,269 120,142 119,896 120,091 120,262 120,209

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.2 60.8 60.5 60.1 60.5 60.3 60.4 60.4 60.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,521 5,017 4,915 5,466 4,783 4,585 4,799 4,706 4,828

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.0 3.9 4.4 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,382 72,928 73,802 73,644 73,760 74,294 73,982 74,006 74,046

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,401 65,555 65,455 65,207 65,306 65,217 65,225 65,141 65,262

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 72.1 71.9 71.9 71.9 71.8 71.8 71.6 71.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,883 63,394 63,281 62,536 63,053 62,999 62,886 62,904 62,961

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.4 69.7 69.5 69.0 69.4 69.3 69.2 69.2 69.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,518 2,161 2,174 2,671 2,253 2,218 2,339 2,238 2,301

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.3 3.3 4.1 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,566 55,081 54,980 54,863 54,983 54,785 55,015 55,393 55,282

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 57.6 57.4 57.5 57.6 57.3 57.5 57.9 57.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,245 52,839 52,797 52,720 53,049 52,927 53,100 53,420 53,286

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.8 55.2 55.2 55.3 55.5 55.4 55.5 55.8 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,321 2,242 2,183 2,143 1,935 1,858 1,915 1,973 1,996

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,031 5,411 4,845 4,665 4,635 4,479 4,650 4,433 4,492

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.7 43.8 39.3 37.8 37.5 36.3 37.7 35.9 36.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,349 4,796 4,288 4,013 4,040 3,970 4,105 3,938 3,962

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 38.9 34.7 32.5 32.7 32.2 33.3 31.9 32.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682 615 557 652 595 508 545 495 530

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.6 11.4 11.5 14.0 12.8 11.4 11.7 11.2 11.8

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,945 32,260 32,296 31,945 32,161 32,193 32,226 32,260 32,296

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,840 20,309 20,142 19,767 20,110 20,075 20,002 20,096 20,092

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 63.0 62.4 61.9 62.5 62.4 62.1 62.3 62.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,167 18,719 18,542 18,170 18,514 18,560 18,576 18,617 18,544

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 58.0 57.4 56.9 57.6 57.7 57.6 57.7 57.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,673 1,590 1,600 1,597 1,597 1,515 1,426 1,479 1,548

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 7.8 7.9 8.1 7.9 7.5 7.1 7.4 7.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,106 11,951 12,154 12,178 12,051 12,118 12,224 12,163 12,204

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,960 9,250 9,214 8,950 9,169 9,063 9,084 9,163 9,205

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 68.7 68.3 67.3 68.3 67.5 67.5 68.0 68.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,298 8,598 8,521 8,269 8,496 8,475 8,510 8,522 8,487

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 63.8 63.2 62.2 63.3 63.1 63.3 63.3 62.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661 652 693 680 673 588 574 641 718

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 7.0 7.5 7.6 7.3 6.5 6.3 7.0 7.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,025 10,118 10,108 10,025 10,168 10,224 10,143 10,170 10,127

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 62.2 62.0 62.2 62.7 62.9 62.4 62.5 62.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,249 9,420 9,405 9,316 9,470 9,513 9,455 9,511 9,474

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.4 57.9 57.7 57.8 58.4 58.6 58.1 58.4 58.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776 698 703 709 698 712 689 660 653

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 6.9 7.0 7.1 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.5 6.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855 941 820 792 773 787 774 763 760

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 37.5 32.7 31.5 30.8 31.3 30.8 30.4 30.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619 701 617 585 547 572 611 585 583

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.6 27.9 24.6 23.3 21.8 22.8 24.3 23.3 23.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 239 204 207 226 215 163 178 178

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6 25.4 24.8 26.2 29.3 27.3 21.1 23.3 23.4

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,304 15,290 15,341 15,304 15,389 15,433 15,367 15,290 15,341

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,705 9,866 9,894 9,702 9,761 9,826 9,792 9,789 9,886

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 64.5 64.5 63.4 63.4 63.7 63.7 64.0 64.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,298 9,467 9,498 9,293 9,446 9,471 9,443 9,418 9,489

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.8 61.9 61.9 60.7 61.4 61.4 61.4 61.6 61.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 398 396 409 316 356 350 370 397

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.2 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.8 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,600 5,424 5,446 5,603 5,628 5,607 5,575 5,502 5,455

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 40,825 41,404 41,492 40,825 41,162 41,241 41,323 41,404 41,492

Civilian labor force................................ 27,007 27,677 27,335 26,988 27,241 27,239 27,290 27,487 27,322

Participation rate............................... 66.2 66.8 65.9 66.1 66.2 66.0 66.0 66.4 65.8

Employed....................................... 25,483 26,204 25,922 25,460 25,832 25,833 25,974 26,078 25,914

Employment-population ratio............... 62.4 63.3 62.5 62.4 62.8 62.6 62.9 63.0 62.5

Unemployed.................................... 1,524 1,473 1,413 1,528 1,410 1,405 1,315 1,409 1,408

Unemployment rate......................... 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.7 5.2 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.2

Not in labor force................................. 13,818 13,727 14,157 13,838 13,921 14,003 14,034 13,917 14,170

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,912 15,146 15,038 14,895 14,927 14,936 14,976 15,085 15,017

Participation rate............................... 81.0 81.2 80.5 80.9 80.5 80.4 80.5 80.9 80.4

Employed....................................... 14,252 14,537 14,367 14,176 14,297 14,304 14,414 14,425 14,298

Employment-population ratio............... 77.4 78.0 76.9 77.0 77.1 77.0 77.5 77.4 76.5

Unemployed.................................... 660 609 670 719 630 632 562 660 719

Unemployment rate......................... 4.4 4.0 4.5 4.8 4.2 4.2 3.8 4.4 4.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,903 11,121 11,028 10,957 11,086 11,062 11,030 11,176 11,091

Participation rate............................... 58.5 58.8 58.2 58.8 59.0 58.7 58.4 59.1 58.5

Employed....................................... 10,238 10,486 10,481 10,322 10,493 10,461 10,451 10,580 10,570

Employment-population ratio............... 54.9 55.4 55.3 55.4 55.8 55.5 55.4 55.9 55.8

Unemployed.................................... 665 635 547 635 593 601 579 596 521

Unemployment rate......................... 6.1 5.7 5.0 5.8 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 4.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,193 1,410 1,269 1,136 1,228 1,240 1,284 1,227 1,214

Participation rate............................... 31.5 36.7 32.9 30.0 32.1 32.3 33.4 31.9 31.5

Employed....................................... 994 1,182 1,073 962 1,042 1,068 1,110 1,073 1,046

Employment-population ratio............... 26.2 30.7 27.9 25.4 27.2 27.8 28.9 27.9 27.1

Unemployed.................................... 199 229 196 174 186 172 174 154 169

Unemployment rate......................... 16.7 16.2 15.4 15.3 15.2 13.9 13.6 12.5 13.9

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,648 10,403 10,499 10,789 10,041 10,299 10,304 10,570 10,565

Participation rate.................................. 45.8 46.5 45.9 46.4 44.7 45.1 45.3 47.3 46.2

Employed.......................................... 9,922 9,695 9,924 10,006 9,385 9,671 9,649 9,842 9,933

Employment-population ratio................. 42.7 43.4 43.4 43.0 41.8 42.3 42.4 44.0 43.4

Unemployed....................................... 726 708 575 783 656 628 655 728 632

Unemployment rate............................ 6.8 6.8 5.5 7.3 6.5 6.1 6.4 6.9 6.0

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,029 35,451 36,098 35,796 36,032 35,909 35,850 35,648 35,931

Participation rate.................................. 57.5 57.4 57.9 57.1 57.7 57.6 57.8 57.7 57.6

Employed.......................................... 34,231 33,852 34,278 33,984 34,374 34,211 34,196 34,038 34,106

Employment-population ratio................. 54.6 54.8 55.0 54.2 55.1 54.9 55.2 55.1 54.7

Unemployed....................................... 1,798 1,599 1,821 1,812 1,658 1,697 1,653 1,610 1,825

Unemployment rate............................ 5.0 4.5 5.0 5.1 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.5 5.1

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,381 37,485 37,076 37,612 37,850 37,433 37,579 37,475 37,388

Participation rate.................................. 66.2 65.4 65.3 66.6 65.8 65.9 65.6 65.4 65.9

Employed.......................................... 35,743 36,033 35,617 36,023 36,465 35,941 36,150 36,077 35,978

Employment-population ratio................. 63.3 62.9 62.7 63.8 63.4 63.3 63.1 63.0 63.4

Unemployed....................................... 1,638 1,451 1,458 1,589 1,385 1,492 1,429 1,397 1,411

Unemployment rate............................ 4.4 3.9 3.9 4.2 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 53,645 55,465 55,222 54,053 54,764 55,039 55,283 55,696 55,595

Participation rate.................................. 73.5 73.4 73.4 74.1 74.0 73.8 73.9 73.7 73.9

Employed.......................................... 52,032 54,000 53,720 52,600 53,426 53,760 53,982 54,378 54,250

Employment-population ratio................. 71.3 71.5 71.4 72.1 72.2 72.1 72.2 72.0 72.1

Unemployed....................................... 1,613 1,465 1,503 1,453 1,338 1,278 1,302 1,318 1,345

Unemployment rate............................ 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2017

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,857 20,532 18,842 18,500 2,015 2,032

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,522 10,204 9,274 8,955 1,248 1,250

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.4 49.7 49.2 48.4 61.9 61.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,069 9,830 8,909 8,648 1,160 1,183

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 47.9 47.3 46.7 57.6 58.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 374 365 307 87 67

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.7 3.9 3.4 7.0 5.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,335 10,328 9,568 9,545 767 782

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,846 4,114 3,182 3,379 664 735

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,154 3,322 2,651 2,777 503 545

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.0 80.7 83.3 82.2 75.7 74.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,007 3,183 2,541 2,678 466 505

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.2 77.4 79.9 79.3 70.2 68.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 139 110 99 37 40

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.2 4.2 3.5 7.3 7.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692 792 531 603 161 190

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,431 3,376 2,893 2,875 538 501

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,740 2,677 2,336 2,293 403 384

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.9 79.3 80.8 79.8 75.0 76.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,612 2,609 2,241 2,239 371 369

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 77.3 77.5 77.9 69.0 73.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 68 95 54 32 14

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 2.5 4.1 2.4 8.0 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 699 557 582 134 118

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,439 8,020 8,137 7,730 302 290

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,102 1,811 2,015 1,753 86 58

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 22.6 24.8 22.7 28.5 20.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,023 1,720 1,942 1,666 81 54

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.0 21.5 23.9 21.6 27.0 18.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 91 73 87 5 4

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 5.0 3.6 5.0 5.5 –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,337 6,209 6,122 5,977 216 232

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,141 5,022 4,630 4,516 511 506

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,526 2,395 2,271 2,132 255 263

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.1 47.7 49.0 47.2 49.9 52.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,426 2,318 2,184 2,065 242 254

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.2 46.2 47.2 45.7 47.3 50.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 76 87 67 14 9

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.2 3.8 3.1 5.3 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,615 2,627 2,359 2,384 256 243

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224,047 225,806 99,310 100,305 124,737 125,501

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,871 148,156 74,927 75,497 71,943 72,659

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 65.6 75.4 75.3 57.7 57.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,716 141,595 71,440 72,300 68,276 69,295

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 62.7 71.9 72.1 54.7 55.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,155 6,561 3,487 3,198 3,667 3,364

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.4 4.7 4.2 5.1 4.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,176 77,650 24,383 24,808 52,793 52,842

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2017

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,253 30,547 223,601 224,810

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,004 6,276 153,796 154,587

Participation rate..................................................................... 19.8 20.5 68.8 68.8

Employed............................................................................. 5,325 5,750 146,479 147,826

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 17.6 18.8 65.5 65.8

Unemployed.......................................................................... 679 526 7,317 6,761

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.3 8.4 4.8 4.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,249 24,271 69,806 70,223

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,729 2,798 77,468 77,501

Participation rate..................................................................... 33.9 35.4 83.2 83.1

Employed............................................................................. 2,433 2,544 73,900 74,271

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 30.3 32.2 79.4 79.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 296 254 3,568 3,230

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.8 9.1 4.6 4.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,312 5,101 15,640 15,784

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,167 2,321 68,096 68,708

Participation rate..................................................................... 28.0 29.6 70.4 71.1

Employed............................................................................. 1,854 2,097 64,667 65,459

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 23.9 26.7 66.8 67.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 313 224 3,429 3,249

Unemployment rate............................................................... 14.5 9.7 5.0 4.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,579 5,518 28,661 27,918

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,108 1,157 8,232 8,378

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.7 7.8 24.4 24.0

Employed............................................................................. 1,038 1,109 7,912 8,096

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.2 7.5 23.5 23.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 70 48 320 282

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.3 4.1 3.9 3.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,358 13,652 25,505 26,521

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2017

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 41,768 41,630 20,210 20,232 21,558 21,398

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,336 27,673 15,888 15,798 11,449 11,875

Participation rate.................................................. 65.4 66.5 78.6 78.1 53.1 55.5

Employed.......................................................... 26,134 26,520 15,367 15,190 10,766 11,330

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.6 63.7 76.0 75.1 49.9 52.9

Unemployed....................................................... 1,203 1,153 520 607 683 545

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.4 4.2 3.3 3.8 6.0 4.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,432 13,957 4,323 4,434 10,109 9,523

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 212,086 213,726 102,446 103,182 109,640 110,545

Civilian labor force.................................................. 132,464 133,190 69,529 69,836 62,935 63,355

Participation rate.................................................. 62.5 62.3 67.9 67.7 57.4 57.3

Employed.......................................................... 125,670 127,056 65,997 66,784 59,673 60,271

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.3 59.4 64.4 64.7 54.4 54.5

Unemployed....................................................... 6,793 6,134 3,531 3,051 3,262 3,083

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.1 4.6 5.1 4.4 5.2 4.9

Not in labor force.................................................... 79,622 80,536 32,917 33,346 46,705 47,190

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,718 2,506 2,508 2,505 2,646 2,507 2,457 2,317 2,339

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,783 1,739 1,750 1,597 1,730 1,645 1,611 1,582 1,584

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 915 737 745 874 879 833 818 708 722

Unpaid family workers........................... 20 30 13 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 149,086 151,964 151,068 149,170 150,481 150,417 150,848 151,208 151,143

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 140,323 143,372 142,368 140,431 141,931 141,849 141,989 142,714 142,466

Government..................................... 20,065 20,161 20,479 20,701 20,683 20,772 20,868 21,052 21,080

Private industries............................... 120,258 123,211 121,889 119,682 121,281 121,096 121,053 121,627 121,366

Private households.......................... 763 686 670 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 119,495 122,525 121,220 118,932 120,592 120,441 120,457 120,964 120,712

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,661 8,538 8,631 8,631 8,489 8,550 8,753 8,475 8,602

Unpaid family workers........................... 101 54 69 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,963 5,475 5,204 6,027 5,272 5,219 5,326 5,282 5,255

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,620 3,233 3,214 3,736 3,174 3,082 3,286 3,161 3,266

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,885 1,763 1,564 1,907 1,802 1,789 1,727 1,754 1,645

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,495 19,707 19,405 20,575 20,700 21,020 20,791 21,260 21,447

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,845 5,430 5,130 5,903 5,197 5,154 5,282 5,231 5,179

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,531 3,214 3,158 3,599 3,130 3,045 3,249 3,137 3,217

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,878 1,748 1,558 1,903 1,781 1,776 1,720 1,739 1,633

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,135 19,385 19,066 20,261 20,349 20,677 20,443 20,909 21,087

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,804 154,470 153,576 151,655 153,156 152,923 153,168 153,513 153,439

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,466 6,154 5,487 5,062 5,105 5,017 5,220 5,084 5,092

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,019 2,316 2,151 1,814 1,884 1,888 1,931 1,816 1,918

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,447 3,837 3,336 3,243 3,244 3,145 3,285 3,265 3,165

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,338 148,317 148,089 146,593 148,051 147,906 147,949 148,429 148,347

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,410 14,737 14,551 14,138 14,247 14,177 13,992 14,199 14,209

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,927 133,580 133,538 132,473 133,741 133,647 134,010 134,349 134,125

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,691 98,476 98,289 97,912 98,649 98,481 98,666 98,906 98,559

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,897 34,376 34,242 33,944 34,413 34,160 34,404 34,500 34,310

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,353 31,728 31,770 31,410 31,745 31,794 31,913 31,889 31,824

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,440 32,371 32,277 32,558 32,491 32,527 32,349 32,517 32,425

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,236 35,104 35,249 34,560 35,092 35,166 35,344 35,442 35,566

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,365 82,484 81,975 80,669 81,419 81,290 81,290 81,273 81,310

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,803 3,028 2,720 2,527 2,581 2,489 2,583 2,443 2,463

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,016 1,068 1,027 882 957 884 893 798 883

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,787 1,960 1,693 1,642 1,631 1,614 1,677 1,643 1,574

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,562 79,457 79,255 78,142 78,838 78,801 78,707 78,830 78,847

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,462 7,745 7,627 7,223 7,293 7,335 7,240 7,351 7,369

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,100 71,711 71,628 70,907 71,532 71,422 71,488 71,551 71,470

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,621 52,875 52,686 52,426 52,770 52,678 52,657 52,692 52,531

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,309 18,557 18,482 18,240 18,426 18,362 18,425 18,473 18,420

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,065 17,184 17,141 17,004 17,217 17,169 17,226 17,129 17,085

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,247 17,135 17,063 17,182 17,127 17,147 17,006 17,091 17,026

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,479 18,836 18,942 18,481 18,762 18,743 18,831 18,858 18,939

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,439 71,986 71,601 70,986 71,737 71,633 71,878 72,240 72,129

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,663 3,126 2,767 2,535 2,524 2,528 2,637 2,641 2,629

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,003 1,248 1,124 932 927 1,004 1,038 1,018 1,036

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,660 1,878 1,643 1,601 1,614 1,531 1,608 1,621 1,591

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,776 68,860 68,835 68,452 69,213 69,105 69,241 69,599 69,500

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,949 6,991 6,925 6,915 6,954 6,842 6,752 6,849 6,841

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,827 61,869 61,910 61,565 62,209 62,226 62,522 62,798 62,655

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,070 45,600 45,603 45,486 45,879 45,803 46,010 46,214 46,027

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,588 15,819 15,760 15,704 15,987 15,798 15,980 16,027 15,890

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,288 14,544 14,630 14,406 14,528 14,624 14,687 14,760 14,739

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,193 15,236 15,213 15,376 15,364 15,380 15,343 15,427 15,399

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,758 16,269 16,307 16,079 16,330 16,423 16,513 16,584 16,628

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,538 45,484 45,370 45,441 46,029 45,784 45,913 45,574 45,327

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,881 35,152 34,966 35,354 35,918 36,121 35,803 35,946 35,475

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,627 9,654 9,573 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,892 127,542 127,353 124,256 125,987 125,620 125,975 125,921 125,755

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,912 26,929 26,223 27,222 27,233 27,366 27,142 27,535 27,569

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,234 7,303 6,961 7,573 7,683 7,589 7,639 7,589 7,346

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.7 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,342 5,752 5,829 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,577 9,275 9,376 9,504 9,368 9,383 9,571 9,183 9,325

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 7,853 6,981 7,132 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 937 775 803 15.6 14.7 14.3 13.3 13.2 13.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 367 332 329 16.8 16.8 13.1 13.9 15.5 14.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 575 428 477 15.1 12.5 14.6 13.2 11.6 13.1

20 years and over................................ 6,915 6,205 6,330 4.5 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,245 1,133 1,092 8.1 7.3 6.7 7.5 7.4 7.1

25 years and over.............................. 5,687 5,078 5,267 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8

25 to 54 years............................... 4,428 3,914 4,090 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0

25 to 34 years............................. 1,869 1,652 1,761 5.2 4.4 4.9 4.4 4.6 4.9

35 to 44 years............................. 1,335 1,184 1,135 4.1 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.4

45 to 54 years............................. 1,224 1,078 1,194 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.2 3.6

55 years and over........................... 1,270 1,162 1,165 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,234 3,715 3,826 5.0 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.5

16 to 19 years..................................... 541 437 422 17.6 16.3 15.7 14.4 15.2 14.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 198 174 156 18.3 15.9 13.7 14.4 17.9 15.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 345 254 271 17.4 15.3 16.4 14.8 13.4 14.7

20 years and over................................ 3,693 3,278 3,405 4.5 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1

20 to 24 years.................................. 741 642 610 9.3 8.4 7.9 8.4 8.0 7.6

25 years and over.............................. 2,948 2,634 2,799 4.0 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.8

25 to 54 years............................... 2,250 2,068 2,169 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.0

25 to 34 years............................. 965 871 966 5.0 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.5 5.0

35 to 44 years............................. 670 624 581 3.8 3.4 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.3

45 to 54 years............................. 615 573 621 3.5 2.8 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.5

55 years and over........................... 697 566 630 3.6 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.2

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,619 3,265 3,306 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 396 338 381 13.5 13.1 12.8 12.2 11.3 12.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 169 158 173 15.3 17.6 12.6 13.5 13.5 14.3

18 to 19 years.................................. 230 174 207 12.6 9.5 12.6 11.3 9.7 11.5

20 years and over................................ 3,223 2,927 2,925 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 504 491 482 6.8 6.1 5.3 6.4 6.7 6.6

25 years and over.............................. 2,739 2,444 2,467 4.3 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8

25 to 54 years............................... 2,177 1,846 1,921 4.6 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0

25 to 34 years............................. 903 781 794 5.4 4.4 5.1 4.2 4.6 4.8

35 to 44 years............................. 665 560 554 4.4 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6

45 to 54 years............................. 609 505 573 3.8 4.0 3.5 3.9 3.2 3.6

55 years and over........................... 564 578 533 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.1

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,248 1,110 1,217 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.6

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,104 1,060 1,039 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.8

Women who maintain families2.................... 821 703 742 7.9 6.0 6.8 6.9 6.8 7.2

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 6,402 5,717 5,861 4.9 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.5

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,429 1,291 1,271 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.2 4.5 4.4

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,787 3,519 3,536 3,777 3,538 3,327 3,444 3,378 3,523

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,000 1,226 1,051 1,002 934 814 900 1,044 1,032

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,787 2,293 2,485 2,775 2,604 2,513 2,545 2,334 2,490

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,987 1,666 1,788 1,989 1,806 1,741 1,758 1,676 1,799

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 800 627 697 786 799 772 787 658 691

Job leavers........................................... 967 775 874 893 789 804 820 757 804

Reentrants............................................ 2,283 2,206 2,151 2,284 2,032 2,100 2,043 2,083 2,132

New entrants......................................... 959 941 725 853 712 656 682 703 656

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 47.4 47.3 48.5 48.4 50.0 48.3 49.3 48.8 49.5

On temporary layoff.............................. 12.5 16.5 14.4 12.8 13.2 11.8 12.9 15.1 14.5

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 34.9 30.8 34.1 35.5 36.8 36.5 36.4 33.7 35.0

Job leavers........................................... 12.1 10.4 12.0 11.4 11.2 11.7 11.7 10.9 11.3

Reentrants............................................ 28.5 29.7 29.5 29.3 28.7 30.5 29.2 30.1 30.0

New entrants......................................... 12.0 12.6 10.0 10.9 10.1 9.5 9.8 10.2 9.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2

Job leavers........................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

New entrants......................................... 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,308 2,364 2,199 2,318 2,335 2,154 2,305 2,133 2,222

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,746 2,432 2,411 2,308 2,135 1,960 1,933 2,017 2,015

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,942 2,645 2,677 3,077 2,734 2,820 2,612 2,742 2,795

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 946 843 936 1,080 1,108 1,157 948 957 1,055

27 weeks and over............................... 1,996 1,802 1,741 1,997 1,626 1,663 1,664 1,785 1,740

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 26.7 23.6 23.7 27.4 24.1 24.7 24.7 24.9 24.4

Median duration, in weeks......................... 10.3 9.1 10.1 10.9 10.2 10.4 9.6 10.6 10.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 28.9 31.8 30.2 30.1 32.4 31.1 33.6 30.9 31.6

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 34.3 32.7 33.1 30.0 29.6 28.3 28.2 29.3 28.7

15 weeks and over.................................. 36.8 35.5 36.7 39.9 38.0 40.7 38.1 39.8 39.7

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 11.8 11.3 12.8 14.0 15.4 16.7 13.8 13.9 15.0

27 weeks and over............................... 25.0 24.2 23.9 25.9 22.6 24.0 24.3 25.9 24.7

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2017

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 151,804 153,576 7,996 7,287 5.0 4.5

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 58,526 59,559 1,869 1,731 3.1 2.8

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 24,668 25,085 641 611 2.5 2.4

Professional and related occupations.......................... 33,858 34,474 1,227 1,120 3.5 3.1

Service occupations................................................ 27,943 27,582 1,643 1,554 5.6 5.3

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,123 33,730 1,522 1,422 4.4 4.0

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,646 15,616 793 691 4.8 4.2

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,477 18,114 729 730 4.0 3.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,359 14,413 773 772 5.1 5.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,246 1,244 67 75 5.1 5.7

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,116 8,256 513 520 5.9 5.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,996 4,913 193 177 3.7 3.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,854 18,293 1,217 1,064 6.4 5.5

Production occupations.......................................... 8,225 8,248 480 497 5.5 5.7

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,629 10,045 737 567 7.1 5.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2017

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 7,996 7,287 5.0 4.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,820 5,399 4.6 4.2

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 42 31 5.4 4.5

Construction.......................................................................... 454 448 5.1 4.7

Manufacturing........................................................................ 652 596 4.2 3.9

Durable goods..................................................................... 415 371 4.2 3.9

Nondurable goods................................................................ 237 225 4.1 4.0

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 985 919 4.9 4.6

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 331 320 5.0 4.6

Information............................................................................ 130 131 5.0 5.1

Financial activities................................................................... 269 243 2.8 2.5

Professional and business services............................................... 749 783 4.4 4.5

Education and health services..................................................... 956 880 4.1 3.8

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 962 765 6.6 5.2

Other services........................................................................ 290 284 4.2 4.2

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 67 75 3.7 4.3

Government workers................................................................... 778 766 3.7 3.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 371 321 3.7 3.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 5.3 4.9 4.8 5.3 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.7

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 6.0 5.5 5.4 5.9 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 9.7 8.9 8.6 9.7 8.6 8.4 8.6 8.6 8.6

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2017

Aug.

2016

Aug.

2017

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 94,054 94,494 37,240 37,780 56,814 56,713

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,824 5,852 2,616 2,538 3,208 3,315

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,713 1,548 916 832 797 717

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 576 448 349 318 227 129

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,137 1,101 567 513 570 587

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,234 6,961 3,558 3,533 3,676 3,428

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.3 5.2 4.8

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,991 3,761 2,207 2,113 1,784 1,647

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,005 1,804 741 650 1,264 1,154

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 279 334 146 225 133 108

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 897 1,017 438 522 458 494

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Change

from:

July2017 -

Aug.2017p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,441 147,421 146,330 146,541 144,633 146,385 146,574 146,730 156

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,239 125,178 125,286 125,337 122,343 124,065 124,267 124,432 165

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,075 20,318 20,385 20,481 19,707 20,024 20,047 20,117 70

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670 716 723 728 661 713 713 719 6

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.8 50.9 51.2 50.6 50.6 50.2 49.5 48.7 -0.8

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617.4 664.9 671.6 677.1 610.8 662.3 663.9 670.4 6.5

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179.7 179.9 180.0 179.7 178.4 178.8 178.2 178.3 0.1

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.7 188.9 189.5 189.4 177.9 185.0 185.5 185.1 -0.4

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.8 50.9 50.4 51.0 48.6 50.8 50.7 50.7 0.0

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.1 39.3 39.7 39.5 39.0 39.0 39.4 39.3 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.8 98.7 99.4 98.9 90.4 95.1 95.5 95.2 -0.3

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255.0 296.1 302.1 308.0 254.5 298.5 300.2 307.0 6.8

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,975 7,106 7,145 7,181 6,704 6,893 6,890 6,918 28

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,534.6 1,558.4 1,568.3 1,574.4 1,489.9 1,523.5 1,524.3 1,529.6 5.3

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759.5 778.2 787.3 786.4 737.9 761.2 764.1 765.6 1.5

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775.1 780.2 781.0 788.0 752.0 762.3 760.2 764.0 3.8

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 998.1 1,025.4 1,031.3 1,044.9 935.2 975.9 973.9 980.5 6.6

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,441.9 4,522.4 4,545.2 4,562.1 4,278.8 4,394.0 4,392.2 4,407.6 15.4

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,935.1 1,996.6 2,003.5 2,010.6 1,859.3 1,931.5 1,931.8 1,943.3 11.5

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,506.8 2,525.8 2,541.7 2,551.5 2,419.5 2,462.5 2,460.4 2,464.3 3.9

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,430 12,496 12,517 12,572 12,342 12,418 12,444 12,480 36

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,736 7,802 7,799 7,837 7,703 7,756 7,775 7,803 28

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396.5 397.9 398.0 399.9 392.0 394.3 394.8 395.8 1.0

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.0 422.5 423.6 424.6 405.4 413.8 415.1 416.3 1.2

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375.3 384.7 385.1 386.6 376.0 384.6 385.3 386.4 1.1

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,422.3 1,446.7 1,450.3 1,452.6 1,420.4 1,439.4 1,445.1 1,450.3 5.2

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,078.9 1,097.9 1,098.5 1,097.3 1,076.4 1,090.9 1,092.8 1,094.5 1.7

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,051.1 1,043.3 1,044.3 1,048.8 1,045.6 1,038.1 1,038.5 1,042.4 3.9

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 165.3 163.0 162.8 166.2 163.8 162.2 161.2 164.2 3.0

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.9 85.6 85.6 85.1 85.6 85.0 85.0 84.8 -0.2

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.1 362.6 363.3 364.1 365.8 360.6 361.4 361.6 0.2

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396.5 397.9 398.7 399.3 394.9 396.3 397.0 397.8 0.8

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 34.2 33.9 34.1 35.4 34.2 33.9 34.0 0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 382.4 391.5 393.2 394.0 381.1 389.2 390.8 392.7 1.9

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,630.3 1,625.4 1,617.5 1,644.1 1,626.9 1,620.3 1,628.9 1,641.2 12.3

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945.3 947.9 937.9 968.0 942.8 946.0 951.3 965.0 13.7

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392.7 396.0 394.7 396.1 388.8 393.7 392.7 392.7 0.0

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.1 595.9 593.9 592.7 590.7 591.7 591.4 591.0 -0.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,694 4,694 4,718 4,735 4,639 4,662 4,669 4,677 8

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,602.8 1,603.5 1,621.4 1,640.8 1,565.1 1,591.8 1,594.2 1,600.8 6.6

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.1 109.9 109.0 109.0 113.3 109.4 109.1 109.1 0.0

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.4 111.8 111.5 111.9 114.2 111.1 111.4 111.8 0.4

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.1 121.2 119.6 118.9 129.9 121.3 121.1 118.9 -2.2

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.0 369.5 370.5 371.6 370.4 367.2 368.8 369.9 1.1

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 445.1 440.3 439.3 438.9 445.2 438.6 438.7 438.9 0.2

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.2 114.5 115.6 115.7 111.7 112.3 112.6 112.9 0.3

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814.8 823.8 825.6 822.2 812.3 819.1 820.0 819.6 -0.4

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702.1 704.4 706.5 708.4 699.4 701.4 702.9 705.5 2.6

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285.4 294.8 298.5 297.4 277.0 289.4 290.4 289.3 -1.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,164 104,860 104,901 104,856 102,636 104,041 104,220 104,315 95

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,259 27,413 27,376 27,360 27,282 27,377 27,382 27,390 8

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,888.4 5,955.4 5,957.6 5,956.6 5,864.2 5,920.0 5,926.1 5,932.4 6.3

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,942.6 2,970.6 2,973.5 2,973.2 2,927.7 2,952.9 2,956.1 2,958.5 2.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,048.0 2,073.5 2,070.4 2,070.5 2,041.1 2,058.5 2,059.6 2,062.9 3.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Change

from:

July2017 -

Aug.2017p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897.8 911.3 913.7 912.9 895.4 908.6 910.4 911.0 0.6

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,851.7 15,837.7 15,845.3 15,823.2 15,860.1 15,830.0 15,828.1 15,828.9 0.8

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,998.6 2,026.6 2,031.8 2,031.5 1,983.3 2,011.6 2,015.4 2,016.5 1.1

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,290.5 1,306.0 1,310.5 1,309.7 1,284.5 1,302.1 1,305.2 1,304.0 -1.2

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.9 166.4 166.3 165.6 150.2 157.1 156.9 158.4 1.5

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 551.2 554.2 555.0 556.2 548.5 552.4 553.4 554.2 0.8

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 475.2 476.9 478.2 480.1 478.8 483.0 483.6 484.8 1.2

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 512.8 494.8 495.3 495.7 527.3 507.0 505.3 505.8 0.5

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,286.2 1,348.8 1,326.4 1,305.1 1,279.4 1,286.0 1,291.1 1,295.6 4.5

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,115.1 3,112.5 3,105.6 3,093.6 3,094.7 3,080.7 3,078.1 3,076.9 -1.2

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,048.0 1,049.1 1,046.3 1,042.6 1,050.6 1,051.7 1,050.3 1,048.0 -2.3

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939.4 951.3 950.5 954.1 924.6 939.5 938.6 939.2 0.6

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,343.8 1,315.6 1,322.0 1,325.3 1,344.4 1,341.3 1,330.2 1,327.8 -2.4

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609.3 583.8 587.4 591.3 620.9 603.5 602.8 601.2 -1.6

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,143.8 3,077.9 3,098.9 3,104.5 3,180.2 3,127.4 3,134.2 3,137.1 2.9

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,286.0 1,240.3 1,256.4 1,257.2 1,311.6 1,277.2 1,280.2 1,279.6 -0.6

Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . 1,857.8 1,837.6 1,842.5 1,847.3 1,868.6 1,850.1 1,854.0 1,857.4 3.4

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846.0 840.3 841.3 837.4 836.1 831.9 830.6 827.4 -3.2

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533.5 560.1 561.6 562.0 539.8 566.4 567.9 568.6 0.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,960.9 5,063.2 5,014.8 5,025.2 5,002.7 5,073.0 5,074.6 5,076.5 1.9

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.2 490.5 492.0 492.3 479.5 486.4 487.5 488.7 1.2

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214.4 208.7 207.2 207.2 214.0 208.1 207.0 206.7 -0.3

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.9 67.2 67.6 67.0 66.5 64.7 64.5 64.5 0.0

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,471.5 1,486.3 1,490.5 1,490.5 1,451.3 1,471.3 1,472.6 1,471.0 -1.6

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427.1 469.3 415.9 412.0 484.3 475.4 473.0 469.8 -3.2

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.2 47.3 47.1 46.2 49.3 47.2 46.8 46.3 -0.5

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 47.5 46.0 48.5 47.0 35.3 36.4 36.2 35.6 -0.6

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 662.1 666.7 669.3 672.1 660.1 665.7 667.9 670.0 2.1

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615.7 637.6 630.0 641.8 641.7 665.9 669.0 672.9 3.9

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921.3 943.6 946.7 949.1 920.7 951.9 950.1 951.0 0.9

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558.4 556.6 558.4 555.2 555.4 553.7 553.1 552.6 -0.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,790 2,738 2,734 2,721 2,778 2,723 2,719 2,711 -8

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 736.4 721.0 723.8 721.9 733.1 721.6 720.5 719.1 -1.4

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429.4 410.4 410.1 403.7 421.8 400.7 402.0 397.1 -4.9

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.5 260.3 258.1 257.6 269.3 260.0 258.8 258.3 -0.5

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791.5 766.2 761.1 756.5 791.9 765.0 759.9 757.2 -2.7

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300.9 304.9 305.4 303.8 301.0 303.4 304.1 303.5 -0.6

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.9 275.2 275.8 277.2 261.2 272.7 273.8 275.5 1.7

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,381 8,505 8,536 8,532 8,315 8,444 8,454 8,464 10

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,181.9 6,265.8 6,287.6 6,282.8 6,161.5 6,246.6 6,259.0 6,261.9 2.9

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 18.6 18.9 19.0 18.8 18.5 18.8 18.8 18.8 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,629.3 2,668.0 2,676.4 2,679.8 2,618.8 2,659.6 2,664.4 2,668.9 4.5

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,708.6 1,724.6 1,729.0 1,726.5 1,701.0 1,718.5 1,720.0 1,719.5 -0.5

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,312.8 1,321.2 1,324.4 1,323.2 1,308.2 1,318.5 1,318.7 1,318.8 0.1

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 613.2 628.3 630.6 631.5 611.8 627.2 629.6 630.4 0.8

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 307.5 315.1 316.8 321.8 306.0 313.9 314.9 319.0 4.1

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 941.6 950.1 959.0 957.3 933.6 945.5 949.9 948.6 -1.3

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,592.4 2,628.8 2,633.2 2,626.9 2,590.6 2,622.7 2,625.9 2,625.6 -0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,199.0 2,239.0 2,248.0 2,248.8 2,153.0 2,197.0 2,194.9 2,201.7 6.8

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,591.7 1,622.9 1,627.9 1,629.6 1,567.2 1,603.9 1,600.2 1,605.0 4.8

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583.7 592.4 596.3 595.5 562.4 569.7 571.3 573.3 2.0

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.6 23.7 23.8 23.7 23.4 23.4 23.4 23.4 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Change

from:

July2017 -

Aug.2017p

Private service-providing - Continued

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,321 20,861 20,874 20,928 20,196 20,708 20,758 20,798 40

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,898.1 9,126.3 9,162.7 9,163.2 8,920.0 9,141.8 9,159.6 9,182.0 22.4

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,124.4 1,140.3 1,136.4 1,128.9 1,121.8 1,130.7 1,126.2 1,126.3 0.1

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 924.8 942.8 942.4 944.1 988.6 1,002.1 1,004.9 1,006.6 1.7

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,429.1 1,476.5 1,482.7 1,481.7 1,412.8 1,457.9 1,460.3 1,464.7 4.4

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.1 141.7 143.3 139.0 142.7 140.8 142.0 139.1 -2.9

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,013.2 2,049.7 2,068.2 2,075.9 2,004.0 2,053.4 2,058.7 2,066.7 8.0

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,386.9 1,446.8 1,456.8 1,456.5 1,382.9 1,443.0 1,449.0 1,452.1 3.1

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691.9 714.5 716.9 715.4 687.2 705.8 707.5 710.5 3.0

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 493.4 491.9 491.5 492.8 491.3 490.0 489.4 490.2 0.8

Other professional and technical services. . . 691.3 722.1 724.5 728.9 688.8 718.1 721.5 725.9 4.4

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,255.1 2,293.3 2,299.9 2,295.1 2,243.8 2,280.6 2,284.1 2,284.2 0.1

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,167.7 9,441.3 9,411.4 9,469.6 9,032.2 9,285.4 9,313.9 9,331.8 17.9

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,753.9 9,021.0 8,990.3 9,048.3 8,626.2 8,872.1 8,901.7 8,917.5 15.8

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 499.3 526.1 526.1 527.1 497.9 523.3 524.5 525.8 1.3

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.7 144.3 144.6 144.9 141.1 143.4 144.7 144.7 0.0

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,580.6 3,719.7 3,678.1 3,739.2 3,557.6 3,695.7 3,707.8 3,714.8 7.0

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,929.2 3,046.0 3,005.8 3,055.7 2,911.4 3,027.4 3,037.5 3,037.6 0.1

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.8 895.9 899.6 901.1 918.2 907.9 913.1 911.5 -1.6

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220.6 219.0 219.6 219.3 218.2 215.0 216.2 216.8 0.6

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 906.3 914.3 914.5 921.2 902.8 916.2 916.8 918.2 1.4

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,184.6 2,271.6 2,278.3 2,267.5 2,076.0 2,146.0 2,151.7 2,158.2 6.5

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.0 330.1 329.5 328.0 314.4 324.6 326.8 327.6 0.8

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.8 420.3 421.1 421.3 406.0 413.3 412.2 414.3 2.1

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,354 22,894 22,807 22,831 22,697 23,094 23,148 23,173 25

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,240.2 3,404.7 3,320.3 3,313.8 3,563.0 3,619.2 3,629.6 3,638.2 8.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,113.5 19,489.5 19,486.2 19,517.4 19,134.3 19,475.1 19,518.6 19,535.2 16.6

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,491.2 15,750.4 15,800.2 15,821.4 15,470.3 15,737.6 15,778.5 15,798.7 20.2

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,120.1 7,296.2 7,326.8 7,343.4 7,113.3 7,294.0 7,324.4 7,335.4 11.0

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,535.4 2,586.9 2,600.4 2,608.8 2,534.3 2,590.2 2,598.5 2,606.0 7.5

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932.4 946.2 944.8 948.1 928.7 942.6 943.7 944.8 1.1

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 871.2 903.5 906.4 909.7 868.3 902.2 906.3 907.6 1.3

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862.8 904.2 911.4 912.8 862.7 903.5 910.4 912.7 2.3

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 263.4 259.0 258.1 258.8 263.8 259.9 257.7 258.7 1.0

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,364.8 1,402.3 1,410.6 1,411.6 1,366.8 1,401.0 1,413.3 1,413.1 -0.2

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290.1 294.1 295.1 293.6 288.7 294.6 294.6 292.6 -2.0

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,043.1 5,109.8 5,126.1 5,127.8 5,040.8 5,111.6 5,119.0 5,125.4 6.4

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,328.0 3,344.4 3,347.3 3,350.2 3,316.2 3,332.0 3,335.1 3,337.9 2.8

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,648.1 1,642.2 1,640.6 1,642.2 1,643.6 1,636.9 1,635.7 1,637.6 1.9

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 615.7 622.5 625.1 623.7 613.7 621.0 622.4 622.0 -0.4

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899.4 909.7 911.2 913.0 895.5 906.3 908.7 909.0 0.3

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 164.8 170.0 170.4 171.3 163.4 167.8 168.2 169.2 1.0

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,622.3 3,739.1 3,686.0 3,696.0 3,664.0 3,737.5 3,740.1 3,736.5 -3.6

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,243.6 2,317.2 2,312.4 2,304.8 2,245.8 2,306.0 2,311.2 2,307.3 -3.9

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 164.0 168.7 168.9 167.5 164.1 167.9 168.6 168.1 -0.5

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 340.4 343.1 343.6 342.0 337.6 338.6 337.8 338.5 0.7

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874.3 910.1 861.1 881.7 916.5 925.0 922.5 922.6 0.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,330 16,618 16,740 16,663 15,673 15,934 15,992 15,996 4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,535.6 2,580.6 2,640.0 2,569.9 2,245.6 2,275.1 2,281.4 2,278.0 -3.4

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 492.0 496.0 495.0 485.0 462.3 464.3 465.0 456.0 -9.0

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.9 186.6 187.6 183.1 162.0 169.3 169.4 169.0 -0.4

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,868.7 1,898.0 1,957.4 1,901.8 1,621.3 1,641.5 1,647.0 1,653.0 6.0

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,794.6 14,037.5 14,099.7 14,093.0 13,426.9 13,659.0 13,710.9 13,718.4 7.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Change

from:

July2017 -

Aug.2017p

Accommodation and food services -

Continued

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,090.0 2,063.6 2,115.0 2,098.8 1,948.7 1,959.8 1,958.7 1,957.0 -1.7

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,704.6 11,973.9 11,984.7 11,994.2 11,478.2 11,699.2 11,752.2 11,761.4 9.2

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,729 5,831 5,834 5,821 5,695 5,761 5,767 5,783 16

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,290.1 1,307.5 1,302.9 1,300.4 1,286.9 1,294.4 1,296.5 1,297.1 0.6

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,456.1 1,502.3 1,501.1 1,498.8 1,451.7 1,486.6 1,490.3 1,493.3 3.0

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,982.9 3,021.4 3,029.7 3,021.4 2,956.6 2,980.3 2,979.8 2,992.1 12.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,202 22,243 21,044 21,204 22,290 22,320 22,307 22,298 -9

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,814.0 2,824.0 2,823.0 2,814.0 2,805.0 2,810.0 2,809.0 2,808.0 -1.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,204.5 2,208.3 2,205.5 2,203.9 2,191.6 2,192.2 2,190.5 2,190.9 0.4

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609.1 616.0 617.1 609.8 612.9 617.3 618.5 616.6 -1.9

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,797.0 4,846.0 4,760.0 4,785.0 5,094.0 5,090.0 5,088.0 5,083.0 -5.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,105.4 2,161.6 2,079.7 2,112.0 2,412.7 2,425.4 2,424.1 2,421.5 -2.6

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,691.6 2,684.4 2,680.4 2,672.8 2,680.9 2,664.9 2,663.5 2,661.8 -1.7

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,591.0 14,573.0 13,461.0 13,605.0 14,391.0 14,420.0 14,410.0 14,407.0 -3.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,976.1 7,908.1 6,739.2 6,947.8 7,961.4 7,952.2 7,936.6 7,936.9 0.3

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,615.0 6,664.6 6,721.4 6,657.1 6,429.7 6,467.9 6,473.0 6,470.5 -2.5

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.3 34.5 34.5 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.1 40.4 40.5 40.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.6 44.9 45.3 44.9

Construction....................................................................... 38.8 39.1 39.1 39.0

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.6 40.8 40.9 40.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.1 41.3 41.4 41.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.8 40.1 40.2 40.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.3 33.3 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.2 34.4 34.4 34.4

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 39.1 39.1 39.1

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.8 31.0 31.0 30.9

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.5 38.9 38.8 38.8

Utilities........................................................................... 42.2 42.2 42.3 41.7

Information......................................................................... 35.9 36.3 36.3 36.3

Financial activities................................................................ 37.5 37.6 37.5 37.5

Professional and business services............................................ 36.0 36.1 36.1 36.0

Education and health services.................................................. 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.0 26.1 26.1 26.0

Other services..................................................................... 31.9 31.9 31.8 31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Total private............................................... $25.74 $26.27 $26.36 $26.39 $882.88 $906.32 $909.42 $907.82

Goods-producing....................................... 26.99 27.53 27.67 27.58 1,082.30 1,112.21 1,120.64 1,111.47

Mining and logging.................................. 31.80 32.42 32.95 32.56 1,386.48 1,455.66 1,492.64 1,461.94

Construction.......................................... 28.21 28.83 28.91 28.96 1,094.55 1,127.25 1,130.38 1,129.44

Manufacturing........................................ 26.07 26.54 26.68 26.53 1,058.44 1,082.83 1,091.21 1,079.77

Durable goods.................................... 27.41 27.79 27.93 27.77 1,126.55 1,147.73 1,156.30 1,144.12

Nondurable goods................................ 23.79 24.39 24.54 24.39 946.84 978.04 986.51 975.60

Private service-providing.............................. 25.45 25.98 26.06 26.12 844.94 865.13 867.80 867.18

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.44 22.80 22.85 22.88 767.45 784.32 786.04 787.07

Wholesale trade.................................. 29.70 30.09 30.15 30.14 1,155.33 1,176.52 1,178.87 1,178.47

Retail trade........................................ 17.93 18.15 18.19 18.25 552.24 562.65 563.89 563.93

Transportation and warehousing............... 23.36 23.89 23.93 23.98 899.36 929.32 928.48 930.42

Utilities............................................. 38.33 39.01 39.27 38.80 1,617.53 1,646.22 1,661.12 1,617.96

Information........................................... 36.82 38.37 38.49 38.34 1,321.84 1,392.83 1,397.19 1,391.74

Financial activities................................... 32.47 33.00 33.16 33.26 1,217.63 1,240.80 1,243.50 1,247.25

Professional and business services.............. 30.91 31.56 31.63 31.72 1,112.76 1,139.32 1,141.84 1,141.92

Education and health services..................... 25.76 26.26 26.37 26.42 847.50 863.95 867.57 869.22

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.94 15.41 15.44 15.47 388.44 402.20 402.98 402.22

Other services....................................... 23.11 23.59 23.70 23.77 737.21 752.52 753.66 755.89

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

July

2017 -

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

July

2017 -

Aug.

2017p

Total private..................................... 105.3 107.4 107.6 107.4 -0.2 129.6 134.9 135.6 135.5 -0.1

Goods-producing............................. 90.0 92.2 92.5 92.4 -0.1 109.8 114.7 115.7 115.1 -0.5

Mining and logging........................ 90.6 100.6 101.5 101.4 -0.1 115.6 130.9 134.3 132.6 -1.3

Construction................................ 89.7 92.9 92.9 93.0 0.1 109.9 116.4 116.7 117.0 0.3

Manufacturing.............................. 90.1 91.1 91.6 91.4 -0.2 109.3 112.5 113.6 112.7 -0.8

Durable goods........................... 89.1 90.2 90.6 90.5 -0.1 108.5 111.3 112.4 111.6 -0.7

Nondurable goods...................... 92.1 93.3 93.7 93.4 -0.3 111.2 115.5 116.6 115.5 -0.9

Private service-providing.................... 109.6 111.5 111.7 111.4 -0.3 135.6 140.7 141.4 141.4 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 101.5 102.4 102.4 102.5 0.1 122.6 125.7 126.0 126.2 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 99.5 101.0 101.1 101.2 0.1 123.4 126.8 127.2 127.3 0.1

Retail trade.............................. 99.2 99.7 99.7 99.4 -0.3 117.6 119.6 119.9 119.9 0.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 110.2 112.9 112.7 112.7 0.0 130.7 136.9 136.8 137.2 0.3

Utilities.................................... 101.4 101.1 101.2 99.7 -1.5 128.4 130.3 131.3 127.8 -2.7

Information................................. 91.1 90.3 90.1 89.9 -0.2 119.4 123.3 123.5 122.7 -0.6

Financial activities......................... 102.1 104.0 103.8 104.0 0.2 129.3 133.8 134.3 134.9 0.4

Professional and business services..... 114.4 117.6 117.9 117.8 -0.1 143.2 150.3 151.0 151.3 0.2

Education and health services........... 121.9 124.1 124.4 124.5 0.1 151.1 156.7 157.8 158.2 0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 116.3 118.7 119.1 118.7 -0.3 140.1 147.5 148.4 148.1 -0.2

Other services............................. 104.7 106.0 105.7 106.0 0.3 132.7 137.0 137.3 138.1 0.6

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Total nonfarm............................................. 71,782 72,456 72,545 72,620 49.6 49.5 49.5 49.5

Total private............................................ 58,964 59,650 59,740 59,816 48.2 48.1 48.1 48.1

Goods-producing.................................... 4,322 4,395 4,409 4,423 21.9 21.9 22.0 22.0

Mining and logging............................... 98 101 101 100 14.8 14.2 14.2 13.9

Construction....................................... 838 869 873 876 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.7

Manufacturing..................................... 3,386 3,425 3,435 3,447 27.4 27.6 27.6 27.6

Durable goods.................................. 1,805 1,816 1,822 1,830 23.4 23.4 23.4 23.5

Nondurable goods............................. 1,581 1,609 1,613 1,617 34.1 34.5 34.5 34.6

Private service-providing........................... 54,642 55,255 55,331 55,393 53.2 53.1 53.1 53.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,106 10,992 10,965 10,951 40.7 40.2 40.0 40.0

Wholesale trade................................ 1,734.2 1,745.2 1,743.5 1,746.3 29.6 29.5 29.4 29.4

Retail trade..................................... 8,008.5 7,882.3 7,862.7 7,845.0 50.5 49.8 49.7 49.6

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,233.3 1,237.2 1,231.2 1,230.9 24.7 24.4 24.3 24.2

Utilities........................................... 129.8 127.4 127.9 128.6 23.4 23.0 23.1 23.3

Information......................................... 1,111 1,085 1,083 1,078 40.0 39.8 39.8 39.8

Financial activities................................ 4,724 4,767 4,773 4,782 56.8 56.5 56.5 56.5

Professional and business services............ 9,060 9,314 9,334 9,353 44.9 45.0 45.0 45.0

Education and health services.................. 17,508 17,789 17,839 17,858 77.1 77.0 77.1 77.1

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,148 8,266 8,289 8,311 52.0 51.9 51.8 52.0

Other services..................................... 2,985 3,042 3,048 3,060 52.4 52.8 52.9 52.9

Government............................................. 12,818 12,806 12,805 12,804 57.5 57.4 57.4 57.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Total private............................................................................... 100,690 102,222 102,391 102,498

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,147 14,396 14,414 14,484

Mining and logging.................................................................. 461 512 512 517

Construction.......................................................................... 5,033 5,170 5,161 5,176

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,653 8,714 8,741 8,791

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,289 5,326 5,345 5,387

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,364 3,388 3,396 3,404

Private service-providing.............................................................. 86,543 87,826 87,977 88,014

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,910 23,061 23,067 23,068

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,694.0 4,744.4 4,749.1 4,753.7

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,448.6 13,465.7 13,470.1 13,473.7

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,321.1 4,403.9 4,403.7 4,396.5

Utilities.............................................................................. 446.3 446.5 444.4 443.9

Information............................................................................ 2,237 2,200 2,196 2,182

Financial activities................................................................... 6,456 6,569 6,576 6,582

Professional and business services............................................... 16,516 16,921 16,954 16,971

Education and health services..................................................... 19,920 20,291 20,346 20,363

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,785 14,017 14,065 14,067

Other services........................................................................ 4,719 4,767 4,773 4,781

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 33.7 33.7 33.7

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.1 41.3 41.3 41.4

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.4 45.4 45.7 45.4

Construction....................................................................... 39.4 39.7 39.7 39.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.8 42.0 42.0 42.1

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.3 42.4 42.3 42.4

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.0 41.4 41.6 41.6

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.3 32.5 32.5 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.5 33.9 33.9 33.9

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.6 38.9 39.0 39.1

Retail trade...................................................................... 29.7 30.3 30.3 30.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.6 38.5 38.4 38.3

Utilities........................................................................... 42.5 42.5 42.6 42.3

Information......................................................................... 35.7 35.8 35.8 35.8

Financial activities................................................................ 36.8 37.0 36.9 37.0

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.5 35.5 35.3

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.8 24.9 24.8 24.8

Other services..................................................................... 30.8 30.8 30.7 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.4

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Total private............................................... $21.62 $22.03 $22.08 $22.12 $726.43 $742.41 $744.10 $745.44

Goods-producing....................................... 22.67 23.08 23.19 23.20 931.74 953.20 957.75 960.48

Mining and logging.................................. 27.08 27.64 27.88 27.78 1,229.43 1,254.86 1,274.12 1,261.21

Construction.......................................... 26.07 26.63 26.75 26.81 1,027.16 1,057.21 1,061.98 1,064.36

Manufacturing........................................ 20.56 20.80 20.90 20.90 859.41 873.60 877.80 879.89

Durable goods.................................... 21.60 21.76 21.89 21.90 913.68 922.62 925.95 928.56

Nondurable goods................................ 18.87 19.27 19.32 19.29 773.67 797.78 803.71 802.46

Private service-providing.............................. 21.40 21.81 21.85 21.89 691.22 708.83 710.13 709.24

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 18.98 19.35 19.36 19.38 635.83 655.97 656.30 656.98

Wholesale trade.................................. 24.23 24.73 24.78 24.74 935.28 962.00 966.42 967.33

Retail trade........................................ 15.01 15.30 15.31 15.35 445.80 463.59 463.89 465.11

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.91 21.33 21.33 21.41 807.13 821.21 819.07 820.00

Utilities............................................. 35.55 36.35 36.23 35.63 1,510.88 1,544.88 1,543.40 1,507.15

Information........................................... 30.23 30.80 30.81 30.82 1,079.21 1,102.64 1,103.00 1,103.36

Financial activities................................... 26.31 26.53 26.60 26.59 968.21 981.61 981.54 983.83

Professional and business services.............. 25.53 26.02 26.09 26.20 903.76 923.71 926.20 924.86

Education and health services..................... 22.58 23.00 23.04 23.09 727.08 740.60 741.89 741.19

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 12.92 13.35 13.36 13.41 320.42 332.42 331.33 332.57

Other services....................................... 19.39 19.86 19.95 20.03 597.21 611.69 612.47 614.92

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

July

2017 -

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

June

2017

July

2017p

Aug.

2017p

Percent

change

from:

July

2017 -

Aug.

2017p

Total private..................................... 112.7 114.8 115.0 115.1 0.1 162.9 169.0 169.6 170.1 0.3

Goods-producing............................. 88.9 90.9 91.0 91.6 0.7 123.3 128.4 129.2 130.2 0.8

Mining and logging........................ 111.2 123.5 124.3 124.7 0.3 175.2 198.6 201.6 201.5 0.0

Construction................................ 99.3 102.8 102.6 102.9 0.3 139.8 147.8 148.2 148.9 0.5

Manufacturing.............................. 83.0 84.0 84.3 85.0 0.8 111.6 114.3 115.2 116.1 0.8

Durable goods........................... 84.1 84.9 85.0 85.8 0.9 113.4 115.3 116.1 117.4 1.1

Nondurable goods...................... 81.3 82.6 83.2 83.4 0.2 108.4 112.5 113.6 113.7 0.1

Private service-providing.................... 119.0 121.6 121.8 121.4 -0.3 174.7 181.8 182.5 182.3 -0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 107.0 109.0 109.0 109.0 0.0 144.9 150.4 150.6 150.7 0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 106.7 108.7 109.1 109.5 0.4 152.3 158.3 159.2 159.5 0.2

Retail trade.............................. 101.1 103.3 103.3 103.3 0.0 130.1 135.4 135.6 136.0 0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 125.6 127.6 127.3 126.8 -0.4 166.5 172.7 172.2 172.1 -0.1

Utilities.................................... 97.0 97.0 96.8 96.0 -0.8 143.9 147.2 146.4 142.8 -2.5

Information................................. 91.1 89.9 89.7 89.2 -0.6 136.4 137.1 136.9 136.0 -0.7

Financial activities......................... 111.8 114.4 114.2 114.6 0.4 181.0 186.8 186.9 187.5 0.3

Professional and business services..... 131.0 134.6 134.9 134.3 -0.4 199.1 208.5 209.4 209.3 0.0

Education and health services........... 136.8 139.3 139.7 139.4 -0.2 203.8 211.5 212.4 212.4 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 125.2 127.8 127.8 127.8 0.0 183.7 193.8 193.9 194.6 0.4

Other services............................. 101.9 103.0 102.8 102.9 0.1 144.0 149.0 149.4 150.2 0.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.