14

Table 8. BENEFITS (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for benefits only, civilian, state and local, and
private industry workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Civilian workers .. 125.0 128.1 130.1 2.0 05 1.6 5.4 46 44
State and local goverment workers ..........] 124.2 127.0 127.9 6 6 7 48 29 3.0
Private industry workers ..... 125.2 128.3 130.7 25 5 19 5.6 5.0 44
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations .. 124.7 127.6 130.5 22 6 23 5.3 46 47
Blue-collar occupations 125.5 128.9 130.5 27 A 12 5.7 55 4.0
Service occupations .. 127.7 131.5 132.9 25 8 11 6.4 5.5 44
Workers, by industry division
Goods-producing industries 1 .. 127.3 130.3 192.7 32 2 18 63 5.6 42
Service-producing industries 2 123.4 126.7 128.9 1.8 8 17 48 45 45
Manufacturing ... 126.8 130.0 132.0 3.4 2 15 6.3 6.0 41
Nonmanufacturing 124.2 127.4 129.9 1.8 7 2.0 5.1 44 46
Workers, by bargaining status
126.6 130.6 131.9 33 7 1.0 6.2 6.6 42
124.6 127.4 130.1 2.0 4 24 5.2 43 44
7 includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail © aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.


Table 1.. SEASONALLY ADJUSTED: Employment Cost Index for total com

industry and occupational group — Continued

pensation, wages and salaries, and benefit costs, by

Indexes (June
~ Percent changes for 3-months ended
Series 1989=100)
Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1992 | Sep. 1992 | Dec. 1992 | Mar. 1993 | June 1993 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
BENEFIT COSTS
Civilian workers. ... 128.6 129.7 1.2 15 1.3 13 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.9
State and local goverment .......] 126.8 127.7 15 15 Ww 6 1.0 4 8 7
Private industry workers. 129.1 130.2 11 15 13 15 1.4 1.0 Vd =)
White-collar occupation: 128.1 130.1 1.0 15 1.2 15 11 9 1.0 1.6
Blue-collar occupations... 129.7 130.0 1.0 1.3 1.6 17 15 1.0 11 2
Service occupations ..... 132.0 132.6 15 1.8 14 18 1.3 11 Ww 5
Goods-producing industries  .. 131.3 132.0 , 11 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.6 10 1.0 5
Manufacturing .. 131.1 131.2 1.0 14 1.8 1.9 1.8 Ww 14 A
Service-producing industries 2 127.2 128.6 11 14 14 1.2 Ww 1.0 1.2 14
Nonmanufacturing industries ....|_ 127.9 129.6 Ww 1.5 12 1 14 1.0 11 13

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing,

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
No identifiable seasonality was found for this series.


10

Table 5. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, civilian
and state and local government workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Civilian workers 114.5 N74 117.8 08 0.6 0.6 27 34 29
Excluding sale: 114.8 117.2 118.0 8 5 7 29 29 28
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations .. 115.4 118.1 118.8 8 & 6 29 3.4 29
Excluding sales .. 116.2 118.7 119.5 1.0 6 7 3.2 34 28
Professional specialty and technical 117.5 120.0 120.7 7 4 6 3.4 28 27
Executive, administrative, and
managerial .... 115.0 117.3 118.1 1.3 7 7 28 3.3 27
Administrative support, including
clerical 115.3 118.0 118.9 1.0 8 8 34 3.3 31
Blue-collar occupations’ 112.7 115.0 115.8 7 5 7 26 28 28
Service occupations .. 114.5 116.6 117.5 6 4 8 23 25 26
Workers, by industry division
Goods-producing 1 113.8 116.2 117.0 8 7 7 28 29 28
Manufacturing .. 114.7 117.3 118.0 9 9 6 29 3.2 29
Service-producing 2 114.8 117.5 118.2 7 6 6 27 34 3.0
117.4 120.0 120.9 6 4 8 3.3 28 3.0
119.5 122.2 122.8 8 7 5 3.6 3.0 28
118.9 121.7 122.4 8 8 6 3.2 34 29
117.9 120.7 121.0 3 2 2 3.3 27 26
Public administration 114.4 116.6 117.9 7 & ni 22 26 34
Nonmanufacturing ..... 114.4 117.0 117.7 7 5 6 26 3.0 29
State and local govemment workers .........| 117.2 119.7 120.4 5 3 6 3.0 27 27
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations .. 117.5 119.9 120.6 5 3 6 34 26 26
‘Professional specialty and technical * 118.1 120.7 121.4 4 2 3 3.1 26 25
Executive, administrative, and
managerial en 116.5 118.8 119.8 a 5 8 28 29 28
Administrative support, including
clerical .. 115.4 117.8 118.9 4 5 9 24 25 3.0
Blue-collar occupations 116.2 119.0 119.7 5 5 6 3.3 29 3.0
Service occupations .. 116.3 118.9 119.7 7 5 7 27 29 29
118.1 120.6 121.1 5 2 A 3.2 26 25
118.4 120.4 121.3 a 2 7 3.4 26 24
118.1 121.0 121.9 6 5 7 28 34 3.2
117.6 120.7 121.2 4 7 4 27 34 3.1
Educational services 118.0 120.6 120.9 3 2 2 3.2 26 25
Schools ... 117.9 120.7 121.0 3 3 2 3.1 27 26
Elementary and secondary 118.7 121.6 121.7 2 A A 3.3 26 - 25
Colleges and universities 115.5, 117.7 118.6 1.0 “A 8 28 3.0 27
Public administration 114.4 116.6 117.9 7 6 1 22 26 34
7 Includes mining, construction, and manutacturing. trae; finance, insurance, and real estate; service industries; and public administration.
2 includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retall

Formerly called hospitals and other services.


Table 3. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED):

workers, by industry and occupational group

: Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Private industry workers 117.4 119.8 121.0 1.3 0.6 1.0 3.5 3.6 3.3
Excluding sales .. 117.5 120.2 121.4 14 6 1.0 3.7 3.7 3.3
White-collar occupations 117.4 120.2 121.5 1.3 7 Ww 35 3.7 3.5
Excluding sales 118.3 121.0 122.4 15 7 1.2 4.0 3.8 3.5
Professional spec 120.4 122.9 124.6 1.2 6 14 44 3.3 3.5
116.5 118.9 120.3 1.7 7 12 3.4 3.8 3:3
12.9 116.5 117.2 3 8 6 1.2 35 38
118.1 121.2 122.5 15 7 Ww 4.0 44 37
Blue-collar occupations 116.6 119.3 120.3 1.4 5 8 3.6 3.7 3.2
Precision production, craft, 116.6 118.9 120.2 1.4 2 1 3.9 3.4 3.1
Machine operators, assemblers,

117.8 120.8 121.3 17 7 4 3.4 43 3.0
113.9 117.0 118.5 8 9 13 3.2 35 40

Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers ... 116.8 119.1 120.2 1.3 6 B) 3.7 3.3 29
Service occupations 117.2 119.5 120.6 Ww 5 9 3.3 34 29

Production and nonsupervisory
occupations ? .... 116.9 119.7 120.7 1.2 & 8 35 3.6 3.3
Goods-producing industries 2 .. 118.0 120.6 121.8 1.6 6 1.0 4.0 3.9 3.2
Excluding sales occupations 117.8 120.1 121.4 1.6 4 1 3.9 3.6 34
White-collar occupations 118.6 121.1 123.0 16 5 1.6 44 38 3.7
Excluding sales 118.1 119.9 121.9 1.6 2 17 43 3.2 3.2
Blue-collar occupations 117.6 120.2 121.1 16 5 7 3.7 3.8 3.0
Service occupations 120.0 122.4 123.5, 24 7 9 5.4 42 29
Construction .... 114.9 116.5 118.6 1.0 3 18 3.9 24 3.2
Manufacturing .. 118.6 121.3 122.5 1.8 6 1.0 4.0 41 3.3
White-collar occupations ... 118.7 121.3 122.7 1.8 7 12 45 40 3.4
. Excluding sales ......... 118.0 119.9 121.3 1.8 3 1.2 44 35 28
Blue-collar occupations 118.5 121.3 122.3 1.8 7 8 3.8 42 3.2
Service occupations 120.3 122.7 123.8 23 8 9 5.6 43 29
Durables .... 119.0 121.9 122.9 2.0 7 8 43 45 3.3
Nondurables .. 117.9 120.3 121.7 1.4 5 1.2 3.6 34 3.2
Service-producing industries 3 ... 116.4 119.3 120.4 1.0 7 3 3.2 3.6 3.4
Excluding sales occupations 117.3 120.2 121.4 1.2 8 1.0 3.6 37 35
White-collar occupations 116.9 119.8 121.0 1.0 7 1.0 3.4 35 3.5
Excluding sales ....... 118.4 121.4 122.7 1.4 8 Ww 3.8 3.9 3.6
Blue-collar occupations 114.3 117.2 118.4 1.0 5 1.0 35 35 3.6
Service occupations ..... 116.8 119.1 120.2 1.0 4 9 3.0 29 29
‘Transportation and public utilities 114.8 117.5 119.2 Ww 6 14 3.3 3.5 3.8
ransportation 112.8 115.7 117.1 9 8 1.2 26 3.5 38
117.4 119.9 121.7 1.6 6 15 43 37 37
116.5 119.2 121.0 1.6 6 15 42 3.9 3.9
118.6 120.8 122.7 1.6 5 16 43 35 3.5
Wholesale and retall trade .. 114.7 V7 117.6 9 6 A 3.0 3.0 25
Excluding sales occupations .... 115.4 118.0 118.6 WwW a 5 3.5 3.4 28

‘See footnotes at end of table.



Table 2, COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, civilian and state and
local government workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Civilian workers 117.5 120.2 121.3 1.2 0.6 0.9 3.5 35 3.2
Excluding sal 117.9 120.5 121.6 1.3 6 9 3.8 3.5 341
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations .. 117.9 120.6 121.8 11 6 1.0 3.5 3.4 3.3
Excluding sales .. 118.6 121.2 122.4 1.2 6 1.0 3.9 3.4 3.2
Professional specialty and technical 120.1 122.5 123.7 8 4 1.0 41 29 3.0
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 116.9 119.4 120.6 17 7 1.0 3.5 38 3.2
Administrative supy
clerical ... 118.3 121.3 122.6 1.3 7 1 3.9 3.9 3.6
Blue-collar occupations 116.7 119.4 120.4 1.3 5 8 3.6 3.6 3.2
Service occupations .. 117.9 120.5 121.6 1.0 - 5 ze) 3.3 3.3 3.41
Workers, by industry di .
‘Goods-producing 1 118.0 120.6 121.9 15 5 Wa 4.0 3.8 3.3
Manufacturing 118.6 121.3 122.5 1.8 6 1.0 4.0 41 3.3
117.2 120.0 121.0 a) 6 8 3.3 3.3 3.2
120.1 1229 | 123.8 8 6 7 4.0 3.1 3.41
Health services .. 122.3 125.4 126.1 8 8 6 41 3.4 3.1
Hospitals ... 122.0 125.0 125.9 8 9 7 4.0 3.3 3.2
Educational services 120.1 122.9 123.2 3 2 2 3.8 27 26
Public administration 117.6 120.0 121.5 11 6 1.3 3.2 3.2 3.3
Nonmanufacturing 7A 119.8 120.9 9 5 a) 34 3.3 3.2
‘State and local goverment workers 119.3 121.9 122.6 6 A 6 36 28 2.8
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations .. 119.5 121.9 122.6 5 3 6 3.6 25 26
Professional specialty and technical ... 119.6 122.0 122.5 3 2 4 35 23 24
Executive, administrative, and
managerial .... 119.0 121.6 122.8 1.0 5 1.0 35 3.2 3.2
Administrative support, including
clerical ... 119.2 121.6 122.7 & 5 9 3.3 26 29
Blue-collar occupations 118.3 121.4 122.3 4 7 7 3.6 3.1 3.4
Service occupations .. 119.1 122.1 123.1 a & 8 3.6 35 3.4
Workers, by industry division
Services .. 120.0 122.6 123.1 3 3 4 3.6 25 26
Excluding schools. 119.6 121.9 122.8 8 4 7 3.9 28 27
Health services 120.2 123.1 124.2 7 7 a) 37 34 3.3
Hospitals ..... 120.0 123.3 123.7 5 Ww 3 35 3.3 3.1
Educational services 120.0 122.7 122.9 3 3 2 3.7 25 24
Schools ... 120.2 122.9 123.2 3 3 2 3.6 25 25
Elementary and secondary 120.7 123.6 123.7 0 5 A 3.5 24 25
Colleges and universities 118.4 120.7 121.5 1.0 71 7 3.9 3.0 26
Public administration... 117.6 120.0 121.5 Ww 6 1.3 3.2 3.2 3.3
3 kroldes mining, construction, and manufacturing. tragg; finance, insirance, and real estate; service industries; and public administration.
ludes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retall

Formerty called hospitals and other services.


Table 4. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry
workers, by bargaining status, region, and area size .

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Workers, by bargaining status
Union ... 117.8 120.9 121.9 1.6 0.8 0.8 42 43 3.5
Blue-collar occupations 117.4 120.6 121.2 1.6 8 5 4.0 44 3.2
Goods-producing industries 1 118.7 121.9 122.5 2.0 7 5 44 47 - 3.2
‘Service-producing industries 2 116.7 119.6 121.0 1.3 8 12 43 3.8 37
Manufacturing ... 119.8 123.0 123.6 25 9 5 44 5.2 3.2
Blue-collar occupations 119.6 122.9 123.5 24 9 5 43 5.2 3.3
Nonmanufacturing ... 116.3 119.3 120.5 1.0 7 1.0 4.0 3.6 3.6
Nonunion 116.8 119.5 120.7 Wd & 1.0 3.3 3.5 3.3
Blue-collar occupations 115.9 118.2 119.6 1 3 1.2 3.3 3.1 3.2
Goods-producing industries 1 117.7 119.9 121.5 15 4 13 3.9 . 34 3.2
Service-producing industries 2 116.3 119.2 120.3 1.0 7 2 29 35 3.4
Manufacturing .. 118.1 120.6 122.0 15 5 12 4.0 3.6 3.3
Blue-collar occupations 117.5 119.9 121.2 14 4 Ww 33 3.2 34
Nonmanufacturing ... 116.3 119.0 120.2 1.0 6 1.0 3.0 3.4 34
Workers, by region 3
117.8 120.7 121.6 1.2 4 7 3.4 3.7 3.2
116.2 118.8 120.0 1.2 6 1.0 3.3 3.5 3.3
117.9 121.2 122.8 1.6 9 13 3.6 44 42
116.2 118.1 119.4 Wd 3 Ww 3.8 28 28
Workers, by area size
Metropolitan areas .. 117.1 119.8 120.9 13 & a) 35 3.6 3.2
Other areas 117.0 119.7 121.3 1.2 8 1.3 — 34 35 37
1 includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest—tllinois, Indiana,
2 includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South
trage; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries. Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West—Alaska, Arizona, Califomia, Colorado, Hawaii,

The regionat coverage is as follows: Northeas'—Connecticut, Maine, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,

and Vermont; South—Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, © NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South aggregate, occupation, and industry series.


¢ ;

“a United States
- Department
of Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212
Technical, historical contact: USDL: 94-220
Wayne Shelly (202) 606-6199
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN
Media contact: THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
Kathryn Hoyle — (202) 606-5902 8:30 A.M. (EDT), TUESDAY, APRIL 26, 1994

EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX--March 1994

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) increased 0.9 percent before seasonal adjustment in the 3
months ended March 1994, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics today.
The March 1994 level of 121.3 (June 1989=100) was 3.2 percent higher than in March 1993. The E
measures changes in compensation costs, including wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee

nefits. .

Quarterly changes, seasonally adjusted

On a seasonally adjusted basis, ECI compensation costs rose 0.7 percent in the December 1993-
March 1994 period, about the same as the 0.8 percent increase in September-December 1993. These
cost increases have, however, declined fairly steadily since December 1992. ECI wages and salaries
also rose 0.7 percent in December 1993-March 1994, the same as in the September-December 1993

period. Benefit cost increases in December 1993-March 1994 were about the same as in the preceding
period (0.9 percent and 1.0 percent, respectively). (See Table A.)

Table A. Percent changes in Employment Cost Index for civilian workers

Seasonally adjusted Unadjusted
Compensation 3-months ended 12-months
component 1992 1993 1994 ended
| June Sep, Dec, | Mar, June Sep, Dec, | Mar. | March 1994
Compensation cosits......... 08 08 41.0 09 #09 O8 08 0.7 3.2
Wages and salaries.......} 0.6 04 0.8 0.8 #07 «08 0.7 0.7 2.9
Benefit COSts.........sssseoee 1200615 «13 1300613 #09 10 09 41

For private industry workers, both wage and salary and benefit cost increases slowed. Wages
and salaries rose 0.5 percent in the December 1993-March 1994 period, down from 0.8 percent in
September-December 1993. Benefit cost gains were 0.9 percent and 1.1 percent in the corresponding

periods. (See table 1.)

For state and local government workers, wage and salary increases were higher in December
1993-March 1994 than in the preceding period (0.8 percent, up from 0.6 percent), while benefit cost
gains were about the same in the two periods (0.7 percent and 0.8 percent, respectively).


Table 6. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private
industry workers, by industry and occupational group — Continued

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Wholesale trade .. 113.9 116.4 116.2 0.4 14 0.2 22 26 2.0
Excluding sales occupations 114.7 117.5 117.8 5 1.0 3 29 3.0 27
112.6 115.0 115.2 7 4 2 3.0 29 23
112.4 115.0 114.0 5 A 9 1.2 29 14
114.6 115.9 117.0 8 9 9 3.3 19 24
Finance, insurance, and real estate 109.3 112.9 113.7 9 5 7 +2 42 4.0
Excluding sales occupations .. 112.0 114.6 115.5, 1.6 5 8 1.3 4.0 3.1
Banking, savings and loan, and other

credit agencies .. 12.4 114.5 114.7 28 7 2 3.6 5.0 23
Insurance 111.2 116.6 116.0 1.3 24 5 0 3.5 4.3
Excluding sales occupations 115.8 119.2 120.6 8 8 1.2 3.7 37 41
Services ... 117.0 119.6 120.8 8 6 1.0 3.4 3.0 3.2
Business services 114.2 115.7 118.8 3 3 27 29 1.6 4.0
Health services 119.8 122.6 123.1 8 7 4 3.6 3.4 28
Hospitals .. 119.3 122.0 122.8 8 8 7 3.4 3.4 29
Nursing homes - - - V1 8 1.4 40 3.7 4.0
Educational servic 117.5 120.9 121.2 3 2 2 3.6 3.2 3.1
Colleges and universit 118.0 121.6 122.0 3 2 3 3.3 3.4 3.4
Nonmanufacturing industries 113.4 116.0 116.8 7 5 7 24 3.0 3.0
White-collar occupations 114.4 117.2 117.9 8 7 6 25 3.3 34
Excluding sales 115.8 118.5 119.4 1.0 8 8 31 3.4 3.41
Blue-collar occupations 114.1 113.4 114.2 8 4 7 27 29 28
Service occupations 113.4 115.14 116.3 4 3 1.0 1.9 1.9 26

1 This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly 3 includes ‘transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

Easpings Index, which was discontinued in January 1989. trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. ~ Data not available.


abl

Table 6. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private
industry workers, by Industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Private industry workers 113.9 116.4 117.2 09 0.6 07 27 34 29
Excluding sales .. 114.2 116.6 117.5 9 & 8 28 3.0 29
White-collar occupations 114.7 117.5 118.3 a 7 7 27 3.3 3.1
Excluding sales .. 115.7 118.2 119.0 11 7 7 3.2 3.3 2.9
Professional specialty and technical .. 17.1 119.5 120.4 a 5 8 3.6 3.0 28
Executive, administrative, and
managerial 114.7 117.0 117.8 13 7 7 28 34 27
110.5 114.7 114.8 72 8 a 7 3.6 3.9
Administrative ‘support, including clerical 115.2 118.0 119.0 WA B&B 8 3.2 35 3.3
Blue-collar occupations 112.5 114.8 115.6 8 6 7 2.6 29 28
Precision production, craft, repai 112.4 114.7 115.5 8 4 7 28 29 28
Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors .. 113.2 115.6 116.2 7 8 5 a4 28 27
Transportation and material moving .. 110.0 112.6 113.5, 3 8 8 24 2.6 3.2
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers ... 113.6 115.7 116.6 9 7 8 27 28 26
Service occupations 113.5 115.3 116.3 5 3 9 24 24 25
Production and nonsupervisory
occupations 1 neenneeenses 113.4 115.9 116.6 7 5 6 25 29 28
‘Goods-producing industries 2 .. 113.8 116.1 116.9 9 7 7 28 29 27
Excluding sales occupations 113.5 115.6 116.4 8 6 7 27 27 26
White-collar occupations 115.4 118.2 119.1 Wd 8 8 3.3 3.5 3.2
Excluding sales 114.9 116.8 117.7 11 3 8&8 3.2 27 24
Blue-collar occupations 112.8 114.9 115.6 8 7 6 25 27 25
Service occupations 113.9 116.9 116.4 7 1.0 “4 3.5 3.4 22
Construction .... 109.5 114.1 12.2 6 +2 1.0 a4 2.0 25
114.7 117.3 118.0 9 9 6 29 3.2 29
116.0 118.8 119.5 1.2 9 6 3.7 37 3.0
115.3 117.2 118.0 Wt 4 7 3.5 28 23
113.9 116.2 116.9 7 9 6 25 27 26
114.3 117.3 116.8 & Ww “4 3.8 3.4 22
114.4 117.2 117.8 9 11 5 29 3.4 3.0
115.5 117.5 118.3 1.0 5 7 3.3 28 24
Service-producing industries 3 113.9 116.6 117.3 8 6 6 25 3.2 3.0
Excluding sales occupation: 114.8 117.4 118.3 1.0 7 8 3.0 3.3 3.0
White-collar occupations 114.5 117.3 118.0 8 7 6 25 3.3 34
Excluding sales ... 116.0 118.7 119.6 I 8 8 3.2 3.5 34
Blue-collar occupations 111.9 114.6 115.5 8 4 8 29 3.2 3.2
Service occupations 113.5, 115.2 116.3 5 3 1.0 2.0 2.0 25
Transportation and public 112.9 115.4 116.4 . 1.0 6 9 29 3.2 34
Transportation 110.8 113.4 114.2 8 7 7 23 3.2 34
Public utilities 115.4 117.9 119.1 Wt 6 1.0 3.6 3.3 3.2
Communications 114.7 117.1 118.4 Wd 5 Ww 3.5 3.2 3.2
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 116.3 118.8 119.9 13 5 9 37 35 34
Wholesale and retail trade 113.0 115.4 115.5 & 6 a 28 28 22
Excluding sales occupations 113.6 116.1 116.5 BS) 8 3 3.2 34 26

‘See footnotes at end of table.


Table 3. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry
workers, by industry and occupational group — Continued

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Wholesale trade .... 115.3 117.8 117.9 08 1.0 01 25 3.0 23
Excluding sales occupations 116.0 118.7 119.3 1.0 a) 5 3.1 3.3 28
Retail trade .... 114.5 116.8 117.5 1.0 5 6 3.3 3.0 2.6
General merchandise stores 114.1 116.3 115.3 7 7 +9 21 26 11
Food stores . 115.9 118.3 119.6 7 1.0 Ww 29 28 3.2
Finance, insurance, and real estate 112.6 116.4 117.7 1.2 6 Ww 8 46 45
Excluding sales occupations .... 114.9 118.2 119.7 17 6 1.3 a4 46 42
Banking, savings and loan, and other

credit agencies 114.6 117.8 118.7 29 8 8 4.0 5.7 3.6
Insurance ... 114.3 119.7 119.9 8 2.0 2 1.0 3.9 49
Excluding sales occupations 118.6 122.7 124.4 1.2 7 1.4 41 47 49
Services ... 120.1 123.1 124.4 1.0 7 4 42 35 3.6
Business services 116.5 118.6 121.3 5 4 23 3.6 23 44
Health services 123.0 126.0 126.7 1.0 8 & 43 34 3.0
Hospitals .. 122.7 125.6 126.7 9 a) a 42 3.3 3.3
Nursing homes - - - 1.3 a) 12 4.3 3.9 3.9
Educational services 120.5 124.1 124.5 A 2 3 44 3.4 3.3
Colleges and universities 121.5 125.3 125.7 i) 2 3 4.0 37 3.5
Nonmanufacturing industries 116.3 119.0 120.3 1.0 5 V1 3.2 3.4 3.4
White-collar occupations 117.0 119.9 121.1 a 8 1.0 3.2 3.6 35
Excluding sales .... 118.5 121.4 122.8 1.4 8 1.2 3.9 3.8 3.6
Blue-collar occupations 114.6 117.1 118.2 11 4 a) 35 33° 31
Service occupations ... 116.8 119.1 120.2 1.0 A 9 3.0 29 29

1 This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly 3 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

Earpings Index, which was discontinued in January 1989. trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. ~ Data not available.


Table 1. SEASONALLY ADJUSTED: Employment Cost Index for total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefit costs, by
industry and occupational group .

Indexes (June

Percent changes for 3-months ended

Series 1989=100)
Dec. 1993 } Mar. 1994 | June 1992 | Sep. 1992 | Dec. 1992 | Mar. 1993 | June 1993 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
COMPENSATION
Civilian workers .... 120.2 121.0 08 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 07
‘State and local government ........ 121.6 122.6 V1 8 9 7 8 5 7 8
Private industry workers 119.9 120.7 8 8 9 1.0 9 8 8 7
White-collar occupations 120.4 121.4 7 8 1.0 1.0 a) a) 8 8
Blue-collar occupations... 119.6 120.2 8 9 a 1.0 a 9 8 5
Service occupations .... 119.6 120.6 & 1.0 6 1.0 & 6 7 8
Goods-producing industries 1 120.7 121.5 7 1.0 1.0 1.2 9 8 8 7
Construction .. 116.7 118.7 8 1.2 1.0 a 8 6 a 17
Manufacturing 121.7 122.1 9 9 1.0 1.2 11 8 a 3
Durables ... 122.4 122.5 9 1.0 1.0 13 11 1.0 V1 A
Nondurables 120.6 121.5 7 a) 1.0 a 9 8 7 7
Service-producing industries 2 119.4 120.2 7 7 9 8 9 9 a 7
Transportation and public
utilities .. 117.8 119.2 5 1.0 9 e) 9 8 9 1.2
Wholesale trade .. 118.0 117.9 5 a 14 6 7 5 Ww oA
Retail trade 117.0 117.7 7 8 8 1.0 5 7 8 6
Finance, insurance,
estate 3 116.4 117.7 -8 3 2 12 4 23. 6 Ww
Services ... 123.1 124.3 12 9 Wa a 9 z) 7 1.0
Nonmanufacturing industries ..} 119.2 120.2 8 7 9 8B 9 9 8 8
WAGES AND SALARIES
Civilian workers .... 117.0 117.8 0.6 0.4 0.8 08 07 08 07 0.7
State and local government ........]. 119.5 120.4 1.0 4 9 7 8 6 6 8
Private industry workers 116.5, W741 6 4 8 8 6 9 8 5
White-collar occupations 117.6 118.2 5 4 9 8&8 7 1.0 eS) 5
Blue-collar occupations 3 114.8 115.6 6 6 5 8 6 8 6 7
Service occupations .... 115.3 116.4 4 6 A 6 5 5 4 1.0
Goods-producing industries 13 | 116.1 116.9 & 6 6 x) 6 7 7 7
Construction .. 111.2 112.4 4 6 5 6 5 7 a 11
Manufacturing 3 . 117.3 118.0 6 6 7 ag 7 7 9 6
Durables 3 117.2 117.8 5 8 6 9 6 7 Ww 5
Nondurables 117.7 118.2 9 5 Ww 8 7 7 6 4
Service-producing industries2 | 116.7 117.3 5 4 9 7 7 1.0 8 s
Transportation and public
utilities .. 115.6 116.4 7 5 8 8 9 7 8 7
116.4 116.4 5 +2 13 5 6 3 1.0 0
115.2 115.5 & 7 8 8 5 7 8 3
112.9 113.7 12 0 a 9 0 27 5 7
119.6 120.7 Ww 6 1.0 7 9 7 8 a
Nonmanufacturing industries ..) 116.1 116.8 5 4 8 6 7 1.0 7 6

‘See footnotes at end of table.


Table 9. AEROSPACE (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED):

15

: Employment Cost Index for workers in aerospace manufacturing, by

industry and occupation
Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
COMPENSATION
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 124.1 125.2 126.2 62 19 17
White-collar occupations 120.5 121.8 122.7 5.5 24 1.8
Blue-collar occupations: 129.2 129.8 130.9 7.0 1.2 1.3
: WAGES AND SALARIES
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 117.9 121.6 122.4 3.8 3.8 3.8
White-collar occupations: 113.9 117.3 118.1 3.5 3.7 3.7
Blue-collar occupations 123.9 127.9 128.7 44 3.7 3.9
BENEFIT COSTS
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) 137.6 133.1 134.4 1.0 10.9 AS 2.3
White-collar occupations 136.2 132.5 133.5 8 9.8 4 -2.0
Blue-collar occupations .. 139.3 133.5 135.0 14 12.2 3.4 “3.1

NOTE: SIC refers to the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification System code as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.


17

comparable to those for the aggregate, industry, and occupation series. A fuller explanation of the
calculation of index numbers appears in an article, "Estimation procedures for the Employment
Cost Index," in the May 1982 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

Beginning with the March 1990 ECI release, indexes were rebased to June 1989=100. A
description of the rebasing is included in the article "Employment Cost Index Rebased to June
1989," in the April 1990 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

Beginning with the December 1990 ECI release, seasonally adjusted data are available for
selected ECI series. Seasonal adjustment removes the effects of events that follow a more or less
regular pattern each year. These adjustments make nonseasonal patterns easier to spot. ECI series
are seasonally adjusted using either direct or composite seasonally adjusted estimates. Industry and
occupational series, such as construction and service occupations, are adjusted directly. More
aggregate series, such as civilian or private industry workers, use composite estimates. The
composite estimates could be obtained by aggregating either the industry or the occupational
components, and the results may differ depending on which method is used. The aggregate
seasonally adjusted ECI series are estimated by aggregating the component seasonally adjusted
industry series, so they are not necessarily a weighted average of the component occupation series.

The costs per hour worked of compensation components, based on March 1993 data from
the ECI, are published in a separate news release titled "Employer Costs for Employee
Compensation - March 1993." A description of the cost levels is provided in the article "Analyzing
employers’ costs for wages, salaries, and benefits" in the October 1987 issue of the
Review. The cost levels, which are published annually in mid-June, are calculated with current
employment weights, rather than the fixed 1980 Census weights used in computing the ECI.
Therefore, year-to-year changes in the cost levels will usually differ from those in the ECI.

More detailed information on the ECI is available in several sources. These include an

annual bulletin, Employment Cost Indexes and Levels, 1975-93, (Bulletin 2434); a chapter in the

@ulletin 2414), "The Employment Cost Index;" and several articles
published in the Monthly Labor Review. The annual bulletin is available from the Superintendent
of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Publications Sales Center, P.O. Box 2145, Chicago, Ilinois 60690. Reprints of the
articles plus other descriptive pieces and a complete historical listing are available upon request.
ECT historical data are also available on data diskettes.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon
request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, Telecommunications Device for the Deaf (TDD) phone: 202-
606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone Number: 1-800-326-2577.


BLS Data Now Available on the INTERNET

LABSTAT, the Bureau of Labor Statistics public database, provides current and historical
data for many surveys as well as numerous press releases. LABSTAT on the Internet is
composed of individual databases (in flat file format) corresponding to each of the surveys.
Internet users should use Anonymous FTP to access BLS data: stats.bls.gov. Non-Internet
users should use the limited dial-in service through a Bulletin Board Service to access

BLS data; phone number (202) 606-7060.

The Employment Cost Index and Employer Costs for Employee Compensation are identified by
the two-character survey name EC.

For each news release published by the BLS, the two most current issues are stored in the
pub/news.release directory. :

If you have qustions or comments regarding the LABSTAT system on the Internet, address e-mail
to labstat.helpdesk @bls.gov.

Changes in wages and salaries and benefit costs, private industry, 1980-94
12-month percent change 12-month percent change
15 15
we of 414
13 / 4 13
12 4 12
We au
10 | 10
Ce 49
gr 48
7 47
6 46
a 45
ar 44
sr 43
2- 42
te . a1
o Lert titi tisttiretrrtii titi tiiitisitisit |g
1880 1981 1882 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1968 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994



cay

Compensation costs (not seasonally adjusted) increased 3.2 percent for the year ended March
1994, down from the 3.5 percent gain for the year ended December 1993. This pattern held for private
industry workers (3.3 percent, down from 3.6 percent) but not for state and local government workers
(2.8 percent in both periods). (See tables 2 and 3.)

For private industry workers, both wage and salary and benefit cost increases slowed. Wages
and salaries rose 2.9 percent, down from 3.1 percent in the December 1992-93 period. Benefit cost
increases slowed to 4.4 percent from 5.0 percent. The moderation in benefit cost gains reflected a
continuing slowdown in the rate of increase in insurance costs for health and for workers' compensation
(which still are rising more rapidly than other benefit costs) and in paid leave and supplemental
unemployment benefits costs; smaller increases for these benefits more than offset an acceleration in the
costs for nonproduction bonuses and payments into pension funds.

For the year ended in March 1993, compensation cost increases in private industry were higher .
for service-producing than for goods-producing industries (3.4 percent compared with 3.2 percent).
Compensation cost gains in goods-producing industries were all in the 3.2 - 3.3 percent range. Within
the service-producing industries, compensation cost increases varied from 1.1 percent in general
merchandise stores to 4.9 percent in the insurance industry.

Over the year, compensation cost increases in private industry were higher for white-collar
occupations (3.5 percent) than for blue-collar occupations (3.2 percent) or service occupations (2.9
percent). White-collar gains ranged from 3.3 percent for executive, administrative, and managerial
occupations to 3.8 percent for sales occupations. Blue-collar compensation cost increases ranged from
2.9 percent for handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers to 4.0 percent for transportation and
material moving occupations.

Compensation cost gains over the year ended March 1994 were higher for union (3.5 percent)
than for nonunion workers (3.3 percent). This pattern held for service-producing industries but not for
goods-producing industries, where both union and nonunion workers showed the same 3.2 percent
increase.

ECI data for June. 1994 will be released on Tuesday, July 26, 1994 at 8:30 A.M. (EDT)

This release includes, for the first time, measures of wage and compensation changes for service
occupations in state and local governments.

Beginning with the March 1995 news release, ECI estimates will be based on 1990 counts of
occupational employment by industry, rather than on 1980 employment counts.



13

Table 7. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED):
industry workers, by bargaining status, region, and area size

: Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | Mar. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994
Workers, by bargaining status
113.1 115.7 116.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 3.0 3.0 3.0
112.0 114.5 115.1 6 7 5 27 29 28
Goods-produicing industries 1 112.2 114.8 115.4 4 9 5 24 28 29
Service-producing industries 2 114.2 116.8 118.0 1.0 7 1.0 37 33 3.3
Manufacturing ........ 113.2 115.9 116.6 6 qW 6 25 3.0 3.0
Blue-collar occupations 113.1 115.7 116.4 6 11 6 25 29 29
Nonmanufacturing 113.0 115.5 116.4 7 5 8 3.3 29 3.0
Nonunion ...... 114.1 116.6 117.4 9 6 7 26 31 29
Blue-collar occupations .. 12.8 115.0 115.9 8 5 8 25 28 27
Goods-producing industries 1 .. 114.4. 116.7 117.6 1.0 6 8 29 3.0 28
Service-producing industries 2 113.8 116.6 117.2 7 & 5 23 3.2 3.0
Manufacturing 115.4 117.9 118.6 11 8 6 31 3.2 28
114.6 116.7 117.5 8 6 7 24 2.6 25
113.5 116.1 116.9 7 5 7 23 3.0 3.0
114.6 117.3 117.8 8 4 4 26 3.2 28
113.6 116.0 116.6 8 6 5 125 29 2.6
113.5 116.5 117.5 a 11 9 25 3.6 3.5
113.6 115.7 116.6 7 3 8 34 26 26
Workers, by area size
Metropolitan areas 113.9 116.5 117.2 a 6 6 27 3.2 2.9
Other areas ... 113.5 115.8 117.0 a) 7 1.0 25 27 34

1 Includes mining, construction, and mai .

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail
tage’ finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast—Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Fihode Island,
and Vermont; South—Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South

Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest—illinois, indiana,
lowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South
Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West—Alaska, Arizona, Califomia, Colorado, Hawaii,
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the
aggregate, occupation, and industry series. :


16

EXPLANATORY NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) is a measure of the change in the cost of labor, free from
the influence of employment shifts among occupations and industries. The compensation series
includes changes in wages and salaries and employer costs for employee benefits. The wage and
salary series and the benefit cost series provide the change for the two components of
compensation.

Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage rate or, for workers not paid
on an hourly basis, straight-time earnings divided by the corresponding hours. Straight-time wage
and salary rates are total earnings before payroll deductions, excluding premium pay for.overtime
and for work on weekends and holidays, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses such as
lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases. Production bonuses, incentive earnings,
commission payments, and cost-of-living adjustments are included in straight-time wage and salary
Tates.

Benefits covered by the ECI are: Paid leave (vacations, holidays, sick leave, and other
leave); supplemental pay (premium pay for overtime, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses
such as lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases); insurance benefits (life, health,
and sickness and accident); retirement and savings benefits (pension and other retirement plans and
savings and thrift plans); legally required benefits (social security, railroad retirement and
supplemental retirement, railroad unemployment insurance, Federal and State unemployment
insurance, workers’ compensation, and other legally required benefits such as State temporary
disability); and other benefits (severance pay and supplemental unemployment plans).

The ECI provides data for the civilian economy, which includes the total private economy
and the public sector--excluding farms, households, and the Federal government. The private
industry series and the State and local government series provide data for the two sectors separately.

Each quarter, straight-time average hourly wage and salary rates and benefit cost data
(cents-per-hour-worked) are collected from a probability sample of over 23,000 occupations within
over 4,600 sample establishments in private industry and about 7,000 occupations within 1,000
sample establishments in State and local governments. Data are collected for the pay period
including the 12th day of the survey months of March, June, September, and December.

The sample establishments are classified in industry categories based on the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC), as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

Within an establishment, specific job categories are selected to represent broader
occupational definitions. Since June 1986, the jobs have been classified according to definitions
used in the 1980 Census. Prior to June 1986, they were classified according to the 1970 Census.
Differences between the two classification systems are slight, as indicated in the article
“Introducing new weights for the Employment Cost Index," in the June 1985 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.

Fixed employment weights are used each quarter to calculate the most aggregate indexes--
civilian, private, and State and local governments. These fixed weights are also used to derive all of
the industry and occupation series indexes. Since June 1986, employment counts from the 1980
Census have been used as weights. Prior to June 1986, employment counts from the 1970 Census
were used.

For the series based on bargaining status, region, or area size, employment data are not
available from the Census. The employment weights are reallocated within these series each
quarter based on the current ECI sample. The indexes for these series, consequently, are not strictly