Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-19-1735 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, October 4, 2019

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — SEPTEMBER 2019 

The unemployment rate declined to 3.5 percent in September, and total nonfarm payroll employment 

rose by 136,000, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment in health care and in 

professional and business services continued to trend up. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data 

In September, the unemployment rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 3.5 percent. The last time 

the rate was this low was in December 1969, when it also was 3.5 percent. Over the month, the number 

of unemployed persons decreased by 275,000 to 5.8 million. (See table A-1.) 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, September 2017 – September 2019

Percent Thousands

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18 Jun-18 Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Jun-19 Sep-19

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

September 2017 – September 2019

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18 Jun-18 Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Jun-19 Sep-19
-2- 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Whites declined to 3.2 percent in 

September. The jobless rates for adult men (3.2 percent), adult women (3.1 percent), teenagers (12.5 

percent), Blacks (5.5 percent), Asians (2.5 percent), and Hispanics (3.9 percent) showed little or no 

change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

declined by 304,000 to 2.6 million in September, while the number of new entrants increased by 

103,000 to 677,000. New entrants are unemployed persons who never previously worked. (See table 

A-11.) 

In September, the number of persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks fell by 339,000 to 1.9 million. 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.3 

million and accounted for 22.7 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate held at 63.2 percent in September. The employment-population 

ratio, at 61.0 percent, was little changed over the month but was up by 0.6 percentage point over the 

year. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 4.4 million in September. These 

individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their 

hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

In September, 1.3 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 278,000 from 

a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 321,000 discouraged workers in September, little changed 

from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently 

looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 978,000 persons 

marginally attached to the labor force in September had not searched for work for reasons such as school 

attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 136,000 in September. Job growth has averaged 

161,000 per month thus far in 2019, compared with an average monthly gain of 223,000 in 2018. In 

September, employment continued to trend up in health care and in professional and business services. 

(See table B-1.) 

In September, health care added 39,000 jobs, in line with its average monthly gain over the prior 12 

months. Ambulatory health care services (+29,000) and hospitals (+8,000) added jobs over the month. 

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in September (+34,000). The 

industry has added an average of 35,000 jobs per month thus far in 2019, compared with 47,000 jobs per 

month in 2018. 
-3- 

Employment in government continued on an upward trend in September (+22,000). Federal hiring for

the 2020 Census was negligible (+1,000). Government has added 147,000 jobs over the past 12 months, 

largely in local government. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing edged up in September (+16,000). Within the 

industry, job growth occurred in transit and ground passenger transportation (+11,000) and in couriers 

and messengers (+4,000). 

Retail trade employment changed little in September (-11,000). Within the industry, clothing and 

clothing accessories stores lost 14,000 jobs, while food and beverage stores added 9,000 jobs. Since 

reaching a peak in January 2017, retail trade has lost 197,000 jobs. 

Employment in other major industries, including mining, construction, manufacturing, wholesale 

trade, information, financial activities, and leisure and hospitality, showed little change over the 

month. 

In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls, at $28.09, were 

little changed (-1 cent), after rising by 11 cents in August. Over the past 12 months, average hourly 

earnings have increased by 2.9 percent. In September, average hourly earnings of private-sector 

production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 4 cents to $23.65. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours in 

September. In manufacturing, the average workweek and overtime remained at 40.5 hours and 3.2 

hours, respectively. The average workweek of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees held at 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised up by 7,000 from +159,000 to 

+166,000, and the change for August was revised up by 38,000 from +130,000 to +168,000. With these 

revisions, employment gains in July and August combined were 45,000 more than previously reported. 

(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies 

since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job 

gains have averaged 157,000 per month over the last 3 months. 

_____________

The Employment Situation for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 1, 2019, 

at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Change from:

Aug. 2019-

Sept. 2019

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 258,290 259,225 259,432 259,638 206

Civilian labor force........................................................... 162,055 163,351 163,922 164,039 117

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.7 63.0 63.2 63.2 0.0

Employed................................................................... 156,069 157,288 157,878 158,269 391

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.4 60.7 60.9 61.0 0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 5,986 6,063 6,044 5,769 -275

Unemployment rate.................................................... 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Not in labor force............................................................ 96,235 95,874 95,510 95,599 89

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.2 -0.2

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 12.6 12.8 12.6 12.5 -0.1

White.......................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2 -0.2

Black or African American.................................................. 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 0.0

Asian.......................................................................... 3.5 2.8 2.8 2.5 -0.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.5 4.5 4.2 3.9 -0.3

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 -0.1

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 5.6 5.1 5.4 4.8 -0.6

High school graduates, no college........................................ 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 0.0

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.9 -0.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.0 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 2,796 2,798 2,876 2,572 -304

Job leavers...................................................................... 739 833 781 840 59

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,889 1,810 1,801 1,669 -132

New entrants.................................................................... 588 595 574 677 103

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,065 2,201 2,207 1,868 -339

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,751 1,797 1,757 1,781 24

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 861 905 835 819 -16

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,379 1,166 1,243 1,314 71

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,656 3,984 4,381 4,350 -31

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,807 2,385 2,678 2,588 -90

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,471 1,364 1,351 1,322 -29

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 21,404 21,437 21,697 21,573 -124

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,577 1,478 1,564 1,299 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 383 368 467 321 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 166 168 136

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 122 122 114

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 -4 1 5

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 -5 -5 0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 -3 4 7

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4 2 -2

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2 0 -4

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 -2.4 -1.3 -4.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 2 2

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 126 121 109

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 5.2 0.0 2.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -26.0 -2.0 -6.0 -11.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 -0.7 -4.1 15.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 -0.8 -0.9 -1.8

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 -2 2 9

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 19 15 3

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 37 43 34

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 -10.5 14.5 10.2

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 76 56 40

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.7 46.9 51.4 41.4

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -24 -13 9 21

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 7 -3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 44 46 22

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 135 171 157

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 121 135 119

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.7 49.9 49.9 49.9

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 48.5 48.5 48.6

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.3 82.3 82.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.3 34.4 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $27.30 $27.99 $28.10 $28.09

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $941.85 $960.06 $966.64 $966.30

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.0 110.9 111.4 111.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 -0.2 0.5 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.6 148.4 149.6 149.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.1

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 58.1 53.5 53.7

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 52.6 52.0 44.7

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 142,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 689,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 

(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258,290 259,432 259,638 258,290 258,861 259,037 259,225 259,432 259,638

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,958 164,019 163,943 162,055 162,646 162,981 163,351 163,922 164,039

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 63.2 63.1 62.7 62.8 62.9 63.0 63.2 63.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,191 157,816 158,478 156,069 156,758 157,005 157,288 157,878 158,269

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.5 60.8 61.0 60.4 60.6 60.6 60.7 60.9 61.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,766 6,203 5,465 5,986 5,888 5,975 6,063 6,044 5,769

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,332 95,413 95,694 96,235 96,215 96,057 95,874 95,510 95,599

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,070 5,331 4,637 5,266 5,045 5,322 5,043 5,150 4,880

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,928 125,481 125,583 124,928 125,197 125,285 125,378 125,481 125,583

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,815 87,155 86,729 85,912 86,377 86,479 86,805 86,832 86,839

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 69.5 69.1 68.8 69.0 69.0 69.2 69.2 69.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,814 84,077 83,862 82,686 83,192 83,293 83,584 83,600 83,732

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 67.0 66.8 66.2 66.4 66.5 66.7 66.6 66.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,002 3,078 2,867 3,226 3,185 3,185 3,221 3,233 3,107

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,113 38,326 38,855 39,016 38,820 38,806 38,573 38,649 38,744

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,437 117,040 117,140 116,437 116,752 116,843 116,939 117,040 117,140

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,115 83,939 83,837 83,104 83,561 83,501 83,794 83,868 83,829

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.4 71.7 71.6 71.4 71.6 71.5 71.7 71.7 71.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,458 81,272 81,348 80,251 80,766 80,718 80,981 81,039 81,135

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 69.4 69.4 68.9 69.2 69.1 69.3 69.2 69.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,658 2,667 2,488 2,853 2,795 2,783 2,814 2,830 2,694

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,322 33,101 33,304 33,333 33,191 33,341 33,144 33,171 33,311

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,362 133,951 134,054 133,362 133,664 133,753 133,847 133,951 134,054

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,142 76,864 77,214 76,143 76,269 76,502 76,546 77,090 77,199

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.1 57.4 57.6 57.1 57.1 57.2 57.2 57.6 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,378 73,740 74,616 73,383 73,566 73,712 73,705 74,278 74,537

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 55.0 55.7 55.0 55.0 55.1 55.1 55.5 55.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,765 3,125 2,598 2,760 2,703 2,790 2,841 2,812 2,662

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 4.1 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,220 57,087 56,840 57,219 57,395 57,251 57,301 56,861 56,855

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,091 125,705 125,806 125,091 125,419 125,509 125,604 125,705 125,806

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,280 73,756 74,501 73,107 73,347 73,579 73,548 74,123 74,314

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 58.7 59.2 58.4 58.5 58.6 58.6 59.0 59.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,858 70,983 72,204 70,710 70,981 71,139 71,069 71,655 71,974

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.6 56.5 57.4 56.5 56.6 56.7 56.6 57.0 57.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,422 2,773 2,297 2,398 2,366 2,441 2,479 2,468 2,340

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.8 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,811 51,949 51,304 51,984 52,071 51,929 52,057 51,582 51,491

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,762 16,687 16,691 16,762 16,690 16,686 16,682 16,687 16,691

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,562 6,324 5,605 5,843 5,738 5,900 6,009 5,931 5,895

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 37.9 33.6 34.9 34.4 35.4 36.0 35.5 35.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,876 5,560 4,926 5,108 5,011 5,148 5,239 5,184 5,160

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.1 33.3 29.5 30.5 30.0 30.9 31.4 31.1 30.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 763 680 735 726 751 770 747 735

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 12.1 12.1 12.6 12.7 12.7 12.8 12.6 12.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,199 10,363 11,086 10,918 10,953 10,786 10,673 10,756 10,796

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,476 200,953 201,062 200,476 200,658 200,746 200,843 200,953 201,062

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,413 126,920 126,928 125,617 125,980 126,244 126,345 126,765 127,053

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 63.2 63.1 62.7 62.8 62.9 62.9 63.1 63.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,500 122,439 123,055 121,507 121,883 122,125 122,144 122,471 122,972

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6 60.9 61.2 60.6 60.7 60.8 60.8 60.9 61.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,913 4,481 3,873 4,110 4,097 4,119 4,201 4,293 4,081

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,063 74,033 74,133 74,858 74,678 74,502 74,498 74,188 74,008

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,625 66,119 66,100 65,661 65,973 65,928 65,994 66,066 66,134

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.5 71.8 71.8 71.5 71.8 71.7 71.7 71.8 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,796 64,252 64,380 63,664 64,042 64,009 64,005 64,094 64,246

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.5 69.8 69.9 69.4 69.7 69.6 69.6 69.6 69.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,829 1,867 1,720 1,996 1,931 1,919 1,989 1,972 1,888

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.8 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,404 55,839 56,449 55,378 55,526 55,704 55,663 56,063 56,356

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 57.8 58.4 57.5 57.5 57.7 57.6 58.0 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,811 53,798 54,807 53,792 53,869 53,993 53,988 54,286 54,707

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 55.7 56.7 55.8 55.8 55.9 55.9 56.2 56.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,594 2,042 1,643 1,586 1,657 1,711 1,675 1,776 1,649

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 3.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.2 2.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,383 4,962 4,379 4,578 4,482 4,612 4,687 4,636 4,563

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.6 40.5 35.8 37.2 36.6 37.7 38.3 37.9 37.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,893 4,389 3,868 4,051 3,972 4,123 4,151 4,091 4,019

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.6 35.9 31.6 32.9 32.4 33.7 33.9 33.4 32.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 573 511 527 510 489 536 545 545

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 11.5 11.7 11.5 11.4 10.6 11.4 11.8 11.9

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,848 33,081 33,116 32,848 32,984 33,014 33,045 33,081 33,116

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,484 20,645 20,656 20,504 20,562 20,430 20,714 20,588 20,669

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 62.4 62.4 62.4 62.3 61.9 62.7 62.2 62.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,295 19,503 19,611 19,265 19,280 19,199 19,481 19,463 19,540

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 59.0 59.2 58.6 58.5 58.2 59.0 58.8 59.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,189 1,143 1,045 1,239 1,282 1,231 1,233 1,125 1,129

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 5.5 5.1 6.0 6.2 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,365 12,435 12,460 12,345 12,421 12,584 12,331 12,492 12,447

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,369 9,546 9,509 9,349 9,422 9,303 9,502 9,490 9,490

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 68.7 68.3 67.9 68.0 67.1 68.4 68.3 68.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,842 9,005 9,032 8,800 8,833 8,768 8,953 8,931 8,975

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 64.8 64.9 63.9 63.8 63.2 64.5 64.2 64.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 540 477 549 589 535 549 559 515

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.7 5.0 5.9 6.3 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,421 10,346 10,480 10,422 10,469 10,396 10,421 10,379 10,460

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 61.9 62.6 62.8 62.8 62.3 62.4 62.1 62.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,892 9,858 10,024 9,874 9,934 9,846 9,877 9,926 9,978

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 59.0 59.9 59.5 59.6 59.0 59.2 59.4 59.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 488 456 548 535 550 544 453 482

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.7 4.3 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.2 4.4 4.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694 753 668 733 671 731 790 719 719

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 30.6 27.2 29.4 27.2 29.7 32.1 29.2 29.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560 639 556 591 513 586 650 605 587

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 26.0 22.6 23.7 20.8 23.8 26.4 24.6 23.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 114 112 141 158 145 140 113 132

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.3 15.2 16.8 19.3 23.5 19.9 17.7 15.7 18.3

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,011 16,433 16,400 16,011 16,361 16,557 16,399 16,433 16,400

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,289 10,554 10,518 10,303 10,304 10,526 10,449 10,524 10,519

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3 64.2 64.1 64.3 63.0 63.6 63.7 64.0 64.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,933 10,248 10,261 9,943 10,046 10,303 10,160 10,225 10,260

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 62.4 62.6 62.1 61.4 62.2 62.0 62.2 62.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 306 257 360 258 222 289 299 258

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 2.9 2.4 3.5 2.5 2.1 2.8 2.8 2.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,722 5,879 5,881 5,709 6,058 6,032 5,950 5,909 5,881

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 42,959 43,630 43,722 42,959 43,370 43,453 43,537 43,630 43,722

Civilian labor force................................ 28,316 29,065 29,258 28,388 28,689 28,855 28,896 29,082 29,287

Participation rate............................... 65.9 66.6 66.9 66.1 66.2 66.4 66.4 66.7 67.0

Employed....................................... 27,105 27,849 28,210 27,102 27,493 27,602 27,581 27,866 28,152

Employment-population ratio............... 63.1 63.8 64.5 63.1 63.4 63.5 63.4 63.9 64.4

Unemployed.................................... 1,211 1,216 1,048 1,287 1,196 1,253 1,314 1,216 1,135

Unemployment rate......................... 4.3 4.2 3.6 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.2 3.9

Not in labor force................................. 14,642 14,565 14,464 14,571 14,681 14,599 14,642 14,548 14,435

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,414 15,726 15,783 15,424 15,731 15,659 15,651 15,718 15,791

Participation rate............................... 79.5 79.8 80.0 79.5 80.4 79.8 79.6 79.8 80.0

Employed....................................... 14,888 15,244 15,390 14,832 15,188 15,093 15,017 15,186 15,320

Employment-population ratio............... 76.8 77.4 78.0 76.5 77.6 76.9 76.4 77.1 77.6

Unemployed.................................... 526 482 393 592 543 566 634 532 471

Unemployment rate......................... 3.4 3.1 2.5 3.8 3.4 3.6 4.0 3.4 3.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,682 12,034 12,210 11,689 11,810 11,885 11,929 12,113 12,191

Participation rate............................... 59.6 60.4 61.1 59.6 59.6 59.9 60.0 60.8 61.0

Employed....................................... 11,175 11,494 11,737 11,188 11,330 11,382 11,480 11,604 11,724

Employment-population ratio............... 57.0 57.7 58.8 57.0 57.2 57.3 57.7 58.2 58.7

Unemployed.................................... 507 540 472 501 480 503 449 509 467

Unemployment rate......................... 4.3 4.5 3.9 4.3 4.1 4.2 3.8 4.2 3.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,220 1,305 1,265 1,276 1,149 1,310 1,316 1,251 1,305

Participation rate............................... 30.9 32.6 31.6 32.3 28.9 32.9 33.0 31.3 32.6

Employed....................................... 1,042 1,111 1,083 1,082 975 1,126 1,084 1,076 1,108

Employment-population ratio............... 26.3 27.8 27.0 27.4 24.5 28.3 27.2 26.9 27.7

Unemployed.................................... 179 194 182 193 174 184 232 175 197

Unemployment rate......................... 14.6 14.9 14.4 15.2 15.1 14.0 17.6 14.0 15.1

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,273 10,062 10,008 10,204 9,915 10,025 9,975 10,032 9,929

Participation rate.................................. 46.4 47.3 46.3 46.1 44.6 45.4 47.1 47.1 46.0

Employed.......................................... 9,773 9,585 9,608 9,635 9,383 9,489 9,466 9,490 9,448

Employment-population ratio................. 44.2 45.0 44.5 43.5 42.2 43.0 44.7 44.6 43.7

Unemployed....................................... 499 477 400 569 533 536 509 542 480

Unemployment rate............................ 4.9 4.7 4.0 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.4 4.8

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,540 36,554 36,701 36,213 35,781 36,120 36,286 36,318 36,313

Participation rate.................................. 58.0 57.7 58.4 57.5 57.4 57.8 57.5 57.3 57.8

Employed.......................................... 35,268 35,252 35,474 34,856 34,522 34,715 34,982 35,023 35,005

Employment-population ratio................. 56.0 55.6 56.5 55.3 55.4 55.6 55.4 55.3 55.7

Unemployed....................................... 1,272 1,302 1,227 1,357 1,259 1,404 1,304 1,295 1,308

Unemployment rate............................ 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,364 37,404 37,404 37,390 37,614 37,200 37,222 37,710 37,452

Participation rate.................................. 65.2 65.1 65.0 65.2 65.3 64.7 65.0 65.6 65.1

Employed.......................................... 36,204 36,191 36,348 36,200 36,569 36,069 36,028 36,549 36,363

Employment-population ratio................. 63.1 63.0 63.1 63.1 63.5 62.7 62.9 63.6 63.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,160 1,213 1,056 1,189 1,045 1,132 1,194 1,161 1,089

Unemployment rate............................ 3.1 3.2 2.8 3.2 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 57,279 58,295 59,077 57,294 58,217 58,510 58,664 58,800 59,080

Participation rate.................................. 73.6 73.2 73.9 73.6 73.8 73.8 73.4 73.9 73.9

Employed.......................................... 56,160 56,891 57,919 56,167 56,980 57,275 57,399 57,551 57,884

Employment-population ratio................. 72.2 71.5 72.5 72.2 72.2 72.3 71.8 72.3 72.4

Unemployed....................................... 1,120 1,405 1,157 1,127 1,237 1,235 1,265 1,249 1,196

Unemployment rate............................ 2.0 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2019

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,120 18,744 17,251 16,854 1,869 1,890

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,482 9,229 8,313 8,125 1,169 1,104

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 49.2 48.2 48.2 62.5 58.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,161 8,947 8,055 7,887 1,107 1,060

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 47.7 46.7 46.8 59.2 56.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 282 258 238 62 45

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.1 3.1 2.9 5.3 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,638 9,515 8,938 8,729 700 786

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,121 4,377 3,389 3,626 733 751

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,355 3,516 2,807 3,022 548 495

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.4 80.3 82.8 83.3 74.8 65.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,224 3,360 2,709 2,900 515 460

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.2 76.8 79.9 80.0 70.3 61.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 157 98 122 33 35

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.5 3.5 4.0 6.0 7.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766 861 582 604 184 257

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,152 3,055 2,682 2,569 469 486

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,519 2,320 2,160 1,945 358 374

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.9 75.9 80.5 75.7 76.4 77.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,447 2,260 2,110 1,890 337 370

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.6 74.0 78.7 73.6 71.9 76.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 60 50 55 21 5

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.8 5.9 1.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633 735 522 624 111 111

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,537 7,129 7,280 6,882 257 247

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,580 1,459 1,531 1,407 49 53

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.0 20.5 21.0 20.4 19.0 21.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,521 1,427 1,472 1,374 49 52

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.2 20.0 20.2 20.0 19.0 21.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 33 60 32 0 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 2.2 3.9 2.3 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,957 5,670 5,749 5,475 208 194

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,310 4,183 3,900 3,777 410 406

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,028 1,934 1,814 1,751 213 183

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.0 46.2 46.5 46.4 52.1 45.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,970 1,901 1,765 1,723 205 178

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.7 45.4 45.2 45.6 50.0 43.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 33 49 28 8 5

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 1.7 2.7 1.6 4.0 2.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,282 2,249 2,086 2,026 197 223

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230,212 231,979 103,100 104,218 127,112 127,761

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,416 152,624 76,597 77,584 73,819 75,040

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 65.8 74.3 74.4 58.1 58.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,204 147,662 73,960 75,059 71,244 72,603

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 63.7 71.7 72.0 56.0 56.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,212 4,962 2,637 2,525 2,575 2,437

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,796 79,355 26,503 26,634 53,293 52,721

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2019

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,254 30,105 228,036 229,533

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,489 6,193 155,469 157,751

Participation rate..................................................................... 21.4 20.6 68.2 68.7

Employed............................................................................. 6,018 5,817 150,173 152,661

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 19.9 19.3 65.9 66.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 470 376 5,296 5,089

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.3 6.1 3.4 3.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,765 23,912 72,567 71,782

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,793 2,632 77,334 78,114

Participation rate..................................................................... 36.4 35.4 82.2 82.9

Employed............................................................................. 2,589 2,458 74,717 75,564

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 33.7 33.0 79.4 80.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 204 174 2,617 2,549

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.3 6.6 3.4 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,882 4,805 16,772 16,089

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,488 2,419 69,058 69,975

Participation rate..................................................................... 31.8 32.0 71.2 72.1

Employed............................................................................. 2,275 2,256 66,677 67,657

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.1 29.8 68.7 69.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 213 163 2,381 2,318

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.6 6.7 3.4 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,335 5,139 27,989 27,104

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,208 1,142 9,077 9,662

Participation rate..................................................................... 8.2 7.6 24.6 25.3

Employed............................................................................. 1,154 1,104 8,779 9,440

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.8 7.3 23.8 24.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 54 38 298 222

Unemployment rate............................................................... 4.4 3.4 3.3 2.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,547 13,969 27,806 28,588

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2019

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 43,112 42,685 20,929 20,523 22,183 22,162

Civilian labor force.................................................. 28,315 28,121 16,168 15,938 12,147 12,183

Participation rate.................................................. 65.7 65.9 77.3 77.7 54.8 55.0

Employed.......................................................... 27,471 27,392 15,776 15,586 11,696 11,806

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.7 64.2 75.4 75.9 52.7 53.3

Unemployed....................................................... 844 729 393 352 451 377

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.2 3.7 3.1

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,796 14,563 4,761 4,585 10,035 9,979

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 215,178 216,953 103,999 105,061 111,179 111,893

Civilian labor force.................................................. 133,642 135,822 69,647 70,790 63,995 65,031

Participation rate.................................................. 62.1 62.6 67.0 67.4 57.6 58.1

Employed.......................................................... 128,720 131,086 67,038 68,276 61,682 62,810

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.8 60.4 64.5 65.0 55.5 56.1

Unemployed....................................................... 4,922 4,736 2,609 2,515 2,313 2,221

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4

Not in labor force.................................................... 81,536 81,131 34,352 34,270 47,184 46,861

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,555 2,501 2,479 2,478 2,432 2,320 2,402 2,400 2,404

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,726 1,665 1,672 1,661 1,724 1,482 1,577 1,560 1,610

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 806 817 781 813 690 778 779 789 769

Unpaid family workers........................... 23 19 27 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 153,636 155,315 155,999 153,634 154,314 154,725 154,904 155,528 155,830

Wage and salary workers1...................... 144,570 146,376 147,030 144,480 145,590 145,906 145,880 146,480 146,837

Government..................................... 20,674 20,362 21,089 20,753 20,730 20,952 20,823 20,913 21,088

Private industries............................... 123,896 126,014 125,942 123,773 124,870 124,901 125,012 125,602 125,756

Private households.......................... 741 869 842 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 123,154 125,145 125,100 122,968 124,064 124,115 124,224 124,745 124,867

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,970 8,863 8,889 8,957 8,711 8,766 8,945 8,891 8,843

Unpaid family workers........................... 96 76 80 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,306 4,316 3,992 4,656 4,355 4,347 3,984 4,381 4,350

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,606 2,623 2,377 2,807 2,646 2,707 2,385 2,678 2,588

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,464 1,252 1,327 1,471 1,339 1,337 1,364 1,351 1,322

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,475 20,138 21,666 21,404 21,366 21,524 21,437 21,697 21,573

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,238 4,237 3,925 4,575 4,241 4,258 3,878 4,295 4,264

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,572 2,560 2,337 2,767 2,565 2,669 2,323 2,634 2,537

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,459 1,242 1,317 1,462 1,333 1,326 1,350 1,337 1,311

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,077 19,727 21,291 21,002 21,038 21,188 21,049 21,322 21,190

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,191 157,816 158,478 156,069 156,758 157,005 157,288 157,878 158,269

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,876 5,560 4,926 5,108 5,011 5,148 5,239 5,184 5,160

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,826 2,050 1,870 1,765 1,704 1,756 1,704 1,835 1,797

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,050 3,510 3,056 3,299 3,294 3,398 3,559 3,360 3,321

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,315 152,256 153,553 150,961 151,747 151,857 152,050 152,694 153,109

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,910 14,337 14,203 14,022 14,303 14,291 14,233 14,057 14,297

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,405 137,918 139,350 136,887 137,369 137,547 137,837 138,508 138,742

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,763 100,626 101,621 100,333 100,636 100,665 100,373 101,042 101,151

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,658 35,806 36,073 35,511 35,616 35,708 35,486 35,937 35,910

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,661 33,062 33,581 32,501 32,961 32,973 33,044 33,149 33,377

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,444 31,759 31,967 32,320 32,059 31,985 31,842 31,956 31,864

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,642 37,292 37,729 36,554 36,733 36,882 37,464 37,467 37,592

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,814 84,077 83,862 82,686 83,192 83,293 83,584 83,600 83,732

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,356 2,804 2,514 2,435 2,426 2,575 2,603 2,561 2,597

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799 1,029 916 779 841 896 855 894 895

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,557 1,775 1,598 1,640 1,590 1,681 1,762 1,657 1,679

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,458 81,272 81,348 80,251 80,766 80,718 80,981 81,039 81,135

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,107 7,332 7,167 7,162 7,285 7,279 7,228 7,099 7,218

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,351 73,941 74,181 73,021 73,477 73,430 73,761 73,827 73,871

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,808 53,774 54,061 53,575 53,727 53,630 53,688 53,749 53,843

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,199 19,213 19,256 19,123 19,181 19,009 19,088 19,194 19,182

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,594 17,805 18,012 17,512 17,753 17,792 17,790 17,764 17,926

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,015 16,756 16,792 16,941 16,793 16,829 16,810 16,791 16,735

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,542 20,167 20,121 19,445 19,750 19,800 20,073 20,078 20,028

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,378 73,740 74,616 73,383 73,566 73,712 73,705 74,278 74,537

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,520 2,756 2,412 2,674 2,585 2,573 2,636 2,623 2,563

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,027 1,021 954 986 863 860 849 941 901

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,493 1,735 1,458 1,659 1,704 1,718 1,797 1,703 1,641

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,858 70,983 72,204 70,710 70,981 71,139 71,069 71,655 71,974

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,803 7,006 7,036 6,860 7,018 7,012 7,005 6,958 7,079

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,055 63,978 65,168 63,866 63,891 64,117 64,076 64,682 64,871

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,954 46,852 47,561 46,757 46,908 47,035 46,685 47,293 47,308

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,459 16,593 16,817 16,388 16,434 16,698 16,398 16,743 16,728

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,067 15,257 15,568 14,989 15,208 15,181 15,254 15,385 15,451

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,428 15,003 15,175 15,379 15,266 15,156 15,032 15,165 15,129

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,100 17,125 17,608 17,109 16,983 17,082 17,392 17,389 17,563

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,205 46,259 46,256 45,972 45,789 45,681 46,005 46,215 46,009

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,090 35,829 36,477 36,041 35,971 36,013 36,110 36,366 36,432

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,887 9,822 10,006 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,466 132,156 131,704 128,958 129,695 130,148 130,429 130,789 131,094

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,726 25,660 26,774 27,120 26,981 26,807 26,861 26,974 27,095

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,670 8,038 8,331 7,717 7,855 8,156 8,389 8,373 8,357

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.1 5.3 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,840 6,149 6,227 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,776 9,681 9,669 9,770 9,401 9,544 9,724 9,681 9,612

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 5,986 6,044 5,769 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5

16 to 19 years..................................... 735 747 735 12.6 12.7 12.7 12.8 12.6 12.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 281 273 271 13.8 14.1 14.6 15.5 12.9 13.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 453 459 461 12.1 11.9 11.5 10.9 12.0 12.2

20 years and over................................ 5,251 5,297 5,034 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,036 1,065 963 6.9 7.0 6.3 6.8 7.0 6.3

25 years and over.............................. 4,225 4,207 4,057 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8

25 to 54 years............................... 3,158 3,210 3,127 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 1,298 1,348 1,326 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6

35 to 44 years............................. 970 944 891 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.6

45 to 54 years............................. 889 917 910 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8

55 years and over........................... 1,059 1,018 925 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.4

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,226 3,233 3,107 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 373 403 413 13.3 13.9 13.5 13.5 13.6 13.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 133 150 135 14.6 15.5 14.0 15.3 14.4 13.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 242 254 275 12.9 12.8 12.9 11.8 13.3 14.1

20 years and over................................ 2,853 2,830 2,694 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 576 607 561 7.4 8.3 7.4 7.6 7.9 7.2

25 years and over.............................. 2,289 2,199 2,142 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8

25 to 54 years............................... 1,712 1,709 1,674 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 704 734 760 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8

35 to 44 years............................. 541 470 434 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.4

45 to 54 years............................. 468 506 481 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8

55 years and over........................... 576 490 468 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.3

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,760 2,812 2,662 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 362 344 322 11.9 11.5 12.0 12.1 11.6 11.2

16 to 17 years.................................. 148 123 137 13.1 12.6 15.2 15.7 11.6 13.2

18 to 19 years.................................. 211 205 185 11.3 11.0 10.1 10.1 10.8 10.1

20 years and over................................ 2,398 2,468 2,340 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.1

20 to 24 years.................................. 461 458 402 6.3 5.6 5.2 5.9 6.2 5.4

25 years and over.............................. 1,937 2,007 1,915 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9

25 to 54 years............................... 1,445 1,501 1,453 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 595 615 566 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.3

35 to 44 years............................. 429 475 457 2.8 2.7 3.3 3.0 3.0 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 422 411 430 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.8

55 years and over........................... 501 503 475 2.8 3.1 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.6

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 912 839 815 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7

Married women, spouse present1................. 787 831 824 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2

Women who maintain families2.................... 529 523 492 5.1 4.7 5.1 6.0 5.1 4.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 4,684 4,742 4,640 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,276 1,251 1,098 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.4 3.9

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2,474 2,906 2,227 2,796 2,664 2,736 2,798 2,876 2,572

On temporary layoff.............................. 507 863 428 812 869 801 836 817 731

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 1,967 2,042 1,799 1,984 1,795 1,935 1,963 2,059 1,841

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,238 1,389 1,269 1,257 1,289 1,358 1,361 1,397 1,308

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 729 653 530 727 506 577 602 661 532

Job leavers........................................... 794 865 897 739 803 888 833 781 840

Reentrants............................................ 1,939 1,801 1,691 1,889 1,870 1,868 1,810 1,801 1,669

New entrants......................................... 559 631 650 588 599 541 595 574 677

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 42.9 46.8 40.7 46.5 44.9 45.3 46.4 47.7 44.7

On temporary layoff.............................. 8.8 13.9 7.8 13.5 14.6 13.3 13.8 13.6 12.7

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 34.1 32.9 32.9 33.0 30.2 32.1 32.5 34.1 32.0

Job leavers........................................... 13.8 13.9 16.4 12.3 13.5 14.7 13.8 12.9 14.6

Reentrants............................................ 33.6 29.0 30.9 31.4 31.5 31.0 30.0 29.9 29.0

New entrants......................................... 9.7 10.2 11.9 9.8 10.1 9.0 9.9 9.5 11.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0

New entrants......................................... 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,043 2,216 1,820 2,065 2,147 1,961 2,201 2,207 1,868

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,566 2,009 1,588 1,751 1,559 1,830 1,797 1,757 1,781

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,157 1,978 2,057 2,240 2,097 2,182 2,071 2,078 2,132

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 790 708 737 861 799 769 905 835 819

27 weeks and over............................... 1,366 1,270 1,320 1,379 1,298 1,414 1,166 1,243 1,314

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 24.7 21.7 23.0 24.1 24.1 22.2 19.6 22.1 22.0

Median duration, in weeks......................... 9.4 8.6 9.8 9.3 9.1 9.6 8.9 8.9 9.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 35.4 35.7 33.3 34.1 37.0 32.8 36.3 36.5 32.3

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 27.2 32.4 29.1 28.9 26.9 30.6 29.6 29.1 30.8

15 weeks and over.................................. 37.4 31.9 37.6 37.0 36.1 36.5 34.1 34.4 36.9

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 13.7 11.4 13.5 14.2 13.8 12.9 14.9 13.8 14.2

27 weeks and over............................... 23.7 20.5 24.1 22.8 22.4 23.7 19.2 20.6 22.7

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2019

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 156,191 158,478 5,766 5,465 3.6 3.3

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 62,181 64,343 1,299 1,235 2.0 1.9

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 26,068 27,218 554 450 2.1 1.6

Professional and related occupations.......................... 36,112 37,124 745 786 2.0 2.1

Service occupations................................................ 26,606 27,303 1,207 1,068 4.3 3.8

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,510 33,675 1,257 1,158 3.6 3.3

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,609 15,733 656 581 4.0 3.6

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,901 17,942 600 577 3.2 3.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,855 14,534 582 489 3.8 3.3

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,180 1,149 52 63 4.2 5.2

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,570 8,347 434 314 4.8 3.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,105 5,037 95 111 1.8 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 19,039 18,624 847 846 4.3 4.3

Production occupations.......................................... 8,639 8,502 346 379 3.9 4.3

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 10,400 10,123 501 467 4.6 4.4

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2019

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 5,766 5,465 3.6 3.3

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 4,468 4,099 3.5 3.2

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 13 13 1.7 1.7

Construction.......................................................................... 412 319 4.1 3.2

Manufacturing........................................................................ 547 530 3.5 3.4

Durable goods..................................................................... 305 266 3.1 2.7

Nondurable goods................................................................ 242 263 4.3 4.5

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 810 666 4.0 3.4

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 189 235 2.6 3.2

Information............................................................................ 62 109 2.3 4.4

Financial activities................................................................... 271 192 2.7 1.9

Professional and business services............................................... 557 585 3.2 3.2

Education and health services..................................................... 666 557 2.8 2.2

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 722 678 5.4 4.8

Other services........................................................................ 219 215 3.3 3.2

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 71 68 4.1 4.0

Government workers................................................................... 416 389 2.0 1.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 251 259 2.5 2.6

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

May

2019

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 3.8 4.1 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.7

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.5 4.7 4.1 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.3

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 7.1 7.3 6.5 7.5 7.1 7.2 7.0 7.2 6.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2019

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 96,332 95,694 39,113 38,855 57,220 56,840

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,070 4,637 2,381 2,146 2,689 2,492

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 1,577 1,299 832 629 745 670

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 383 321 223 171 160 151

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,194 978 608 458 585 519

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,670 8,331 3,736 3,901 3,934 4,430

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.9 5.3 4.5 4.7 5.4 5.9

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,200 4,787 2,253 2,353 1,946 2,435

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,050 2,114 736 725 1,315 1,389

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 331 279 201 211 130 67

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,044 1,115 519 593 525 522

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Change

from:

Aug.2019 -

Sept.2019p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,793 151,169 151,587 151,949 149,575 151,418 151,586 151,722 136

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,333 129,883 129,930 129,312 127,081 128,845 128,967 129,081 114

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,060 21,438 21,451 21,327 20,832 21,100 21,101 21,106 5

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754 762 760 754 745 751 746 746 0

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 48.7 50.3 49.9 47.4 47.4 48.6 48.4 -0.2

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704.8 713.3 710.1 703.8 697.7 703.7 697.4 697.3 -0.1

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.0 161.6 164.0 161.4 145.8 159.3 161.0 161.3 0.3

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196.2 197.2 197.1 196.2 193.6 193.4 193.0 193.8 0.8

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.8 51.9 53.1 53.4 51.8 52.1 53.1 53.3 0.2

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 42.1 41.4 40.9 41.6 41.3 40.9 40.8 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.8 103.2 102.6 101.9 100.3 100.0 99.0 99.7 0.7

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362.6 354.5 349.0 346.2 358.3 351.0 343.4 342.2 -1.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,534 7,751 7,756 7,689 7,354 7,499 7,503 7,510 7

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,663.8 1,699.6 1,707.5 1,687.8 1,640.9 1,658.8 1,667.2 1,666.1 -1.1

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822.4 856.3 864.2 853.6 810.8 836.8 843.9 844.4 0.5

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841.4 843.3 843.3 834.2 830.1 822.0 823.3 821.7 -1.6

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,128.9 1,135.6 1,141.3 1,141.7 1,067.0 1,074.9 1,075.9 1,078.3 2.4

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,741.6 4,915.7 4,907.3 4,859.7 4,645.7 4,765.3 4,759.9 4,765.8 5.9

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,076.9 2,142.8 2,132.6 2,104.5 2,041.6 2,072.4 2,065.4 2,068.3 2.9

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,664.7 2,772.9 2,774.7 2,755.2 2,604.1 2,692.9 2,694.5 2,697.5 3.0

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,772 12,925 12,935 12,884 12,733 12,850 12,852 12,850 -2

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,987 8,095 8,100 8,063 7,987 8,069 8,069 8,065 -4

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409.7 413.3 411.9 412.6 408.4 409.8 409.9 411.1 1.2

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420.2 422.5 423.5 420.7 416.4 416.0 416.3 416.3 0.0

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.9 379.4 379.2 376.9 378.7 379.6 379.1 377.9 -1.2

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,475.7 1,491.8 1,487.5 1,477.3 1,476.7 1,483.3 1,481.4 1,478.4 -3.0

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,125.1 1,144.4 1,139.6 1,130.2 1,127.2 1,137.6 1,136.0 1,133.3 -2.7

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,056.8 1,092.9 1,094.0 1,091.8 1,058.4 1,086.1 1,089.4 1,093.2 3.8

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 156.8 162.4 164.1 164.1 156.6 161.7 162.7 163.8 1.1

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.9 86.2 86.6 86.0 85.0 85.8 86.5 86.2 -0.3

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369.1 382.9 381.4 380.0 369.9 379.8 380.0 380.9 0.9

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411.9 427.9 427.9 426.8 413.1 425.3 426.4 427.9 1.5

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 33.5 34.0 34.9 33.8 33.6 33.8 34.4 0.6

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 403.0 407.1 405.4 403.4 402.4 403.8 403.6 402.6 -1.0

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,716.5 1,728.0 1,742.0 1,738.3 1,715.3 1,741.6 1,740.2 1,738.5 -1.7

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998.8 976.3 992.3 987.6 998.7 994.0 992.7 988.6 -4.1

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.0 395.5 395.6 393.7 394.7 393.3 393.3 394.2 0.9

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607.8 620.2 620.9 618.0 609.2 617.8 619.5 619.7 0.2

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,785 4,830 4,835 4,821 4,746 4,781 4,783 4,785 2

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,649.3 1,662.3 1,668.5 1,666.9 1,622.0 1,634.9 1,635.1 1,639.3 4.2

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.1 111.8 112.1 110.6 113.0 111.7 111.6 110.7 -0.9

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.6 114.5 114.3 112.8 116.1 113.9 113.3 112.5 -0.8

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.1 106.7 106.6 106.3 109.8 107.4 107.1 106.2 -0.9

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.9 371.7 370.9 369.1 369.1 370.3 369.9 369.3 -0.6

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 430.3 422.0 421.6 419.8 429.9 420.4 420.1 419.2 -0.9

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.1 119.0 118.2 117.9 115.9 115.6 114.9 114.9 0.0

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840.8 862.9 859.9 858.4 841.6 858.4 858.0 860.0 2.0

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729.9 741.2 744.0 739.3 730.6 738.8 741.2 740.1 -1.1

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306.5 317.7 319.1 319.8 298.4 309.8 311.7 312.3 0.6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,273 108,445 108,479 107,985 106,249 107,745 107,866 107,975 109

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,578 27,801 27,752 27,680 27,692 27,817 27,806 27,811 5

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,871.7 5,969.5 5,960.9 5,940.2 5,870.8 5,939.3 5,939.3 5,941.7 2.4

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,167.4 3,232.6 3,235.8 3,220.4 3,167.3 3,217.7 3,220.8 3,221.6 0.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,152.6 2,183.4 2,173.6 2,166.6 2,152.2 2,170.8 2,169.0 2,167.8 -1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Change

from:

Aug.2019 -

Sept.2019p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551.7 553.5 551.5 553.2 551.3 550.8 549.5 552.3 2.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,680.6 15,785.9 15,749.5 15,611.3 15,804.3 15,760.8 15,754.8 15,743.4 -11.4

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,032.4 2,065.9 2,070.2 2,071.4 2,026.0 2,051.2 2,058.0 2,062.9 4.9

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,305.7 1,314.5 1,314.1 1,314.9 1,302.3 1,309.9 1,309.6 1,311.2 1.6

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160.7 167.0 164.4 163.5 159.1 158.6 158.3 161.3 3.0

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 566.0 584.4 591.7 593.0 564.6 582.8 590.0 590.4 0.4

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 474.9 479.1 478.5 476.1 481.6 485.4 484.6 484.0 -0.6

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 479.6 458.3 454.4 457.6 486.4 463.8 461.1 462.1 1.0

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,277.8 1,342.5 1,316.5 1,293.5 1,301.6 1,307.6 1,315.9 1,316.2 0.3

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,074.1 3,145.1 3,133.6 3,114.5 3,084.4 3,121.9 3,119.1 3,128.1 9.0

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,051.0 1,037.0 1,035.0 1,030.9 1,061.0 1,043.3 1,043.1 1,041.2 -1.9

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938.2 965.9 965.9 958.4 934.5 954.0 954.7 955.7 1.0

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,326.3 1,318.0 1,321.6 1,269.1 1,360.2 1,321.0 1,319.9 1,306.1 -13.8

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555.8 546.2 558.6 550.2 565.8 558.4 562.4 558.2 -4.2

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,064.5 3,010.8 3,007.4 3,000.0 3,098.0 3,047.0 3,034.2 3,033.8 -0.4

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,118.6 1,087.9 1,085.8 1,069.4 1,145.5 1,110.7 1,102.5 1,096.3 -6.2

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,945.9 1,922.9 1,921.6 1,930.6 1,952.5 1,936.3 1,931.7 1,937.5 5.8

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833.2 844.7 835.7 823.2 828.5 831.2 827.4 823.7 -3.7

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572.8 572.4 572.1 566.4 576.3 576.0 574.4 571.4 -3.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,474.2 5,487.0 5,486.8 5,579.7 5,464.2 5,562.9 5,558.8 5,574.5 15.7

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.9 523.9 520.1 517.6 503.2 519.5 517.3 517.6 0.3

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.8 205.1 203.0 203.0 215.4 205.1 202.9 202.9 0.0

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 67.5 68.0 65.9 64.7 64.6 65.1 64.8 -0.3

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,518.9 1,538.8 1,537.5 1,527.5 1,500.9 1,520.6 1,515.5 1,511.3 -4.2

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501.4 421.7 423.7 510.8 488.2 483.4 485.4 495.9 10.5

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.6 48.4 47.8 47.7 48.5 48.0 47.7 47.6 -0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 39.5 45.9 45.2 40.3 33.3 34.6 34.6 34.3 -0.3

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 714.1 724.1 721.4 722.9 713.9 723.3 720.5 723.3 2.8

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709.6 727.7 734.9 748.0 735.8 769.6 773.9 777.5 3.6

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,156.6 1,183.9 1,185.2 1,196.0 1,160.3 1,194.2 1,195.9 1,199.3 3.4

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551.6 558.6 554.7 549.2 553.1 553.8 552.9 551.1 -1.8

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,815 2,845 2,854 2,837 2,822 2,826 2,828 2,837 9

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 736.0 746.8 747.3 746.7 733.3 742.6 742.8 743.8 1.0

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427.5 442.0 443.3 431.2 437.0 431.3 429.1 435.4 6.3

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.0 266.7 266.8 268.8 270.2 268.4 267.7 267.5 -0.2

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740.4 712.1 713.9 712.6 739.6 711.6 712.5 711.4 -1.1

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.3 338.1 339.0 336.9 330.3 336.0 336.8 337.3 0.5

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.1 339.0 343.3 340.5 311.5 336.4 339.5 341.7 2.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,599 8,761 8,762 8,699 8,597 8,678 8,693 8,696 3

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,313.7 6,388.2 6,386.8 6,357.2 6,323.2 6,353.7 6,361.2 6,365.0 3.8

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.5 19.7 19.6 19.4 19.7 19.4 19.5 19.5 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,644.6 2,649.3 2,650.7 2,639.4 2,649.1 2,633.5 2,638.5 2,641.6 3.1

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,708.2 1,721.2 1,720.1 1,709.7 1,715.2 1,711.0 1,713.9 1,716.2 2.3

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,312.4 1,315.9 1,314.1 1,305.2 1,318.3 1,308.4 1,310.2 1,310.8 0.6

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 627.8 621.9 624.8 625.5 624.8 618.0 619.3 620.8 1.5

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 308.6 306.2 305.8 304.2 309.1 304.5 305.3 304.6 -0.7

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 959.4 988.7 984.2 971.4 960.3 977.7 974.7 973.5 -1.2

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,690.2 2,730.5 2,732.3 2,727.0 2,694.1 2,723.1 2,728.5 2,730.4 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,285.0 2,373.0 2,375.3 2,342.1 2,273.8 2,324.4 2,331.8 2,330.9 -0.9

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,675.2 1,736.3 1,741.1 1,716.5 1,672.9 1,710.5 1,716.8 1,714.1 -2.7

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586.5 613.3 610.6 602.4 577.5 591.0 591.9 593.6 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Change

from:

Aug.2019 -

Sept.2019p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.3 23.4 23.6 23.2 23.4 22.9 23.1 23.2 0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,193 21,604 21,673 21,639 21,128 21,488 21,531 21,565 34

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,270.9 9,634.9 9,626.1 9,556.2 9,355.6 9,614.8 9,629.7 9,642.5 12.8

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,136.3 1,154.8 1,148.3 1,141.8 1,142.3 1,144.5 1,148.1 1,147.2 -0.9

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 956.3 1,006.4 1,003.0 995.3 1,019.9 1,060.3 1,057.5 1,059.4 1.9

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,485.0 1,544.1 1,540.2 1,526.1 1,483.0 1,520.2 1,521.2 1,524.2 3.0

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.7 148.9 148.7 150.4 145.7 149.3 149.2 150.3 1.1

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,123.5 2,236.4 2,240.4 2,216.0 2,134.6 2,220.7 2,228.7 2,228.6 -0.1

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,494.5 1,541.4 1,547.7 1,544.8 1,496.1 1,534.7 1,540.1 1,545.7 5.6

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695.8 741.4 739.4 732.3 699.3 730.3 733.1 736.0 2.9

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 489.4 492.9 491.2 488.0 490.3 490.2 489.1 489.3 0.2

Other professional and technical services. . . 744.4 768.6 767.2 761.5 744.4 764.6 762.7 761.8 -0.9

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,382.0 2,440.1 2,438.6 2,430.1 2,387.5 2,421.0 2,428.7 2,434.3 5.6

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,540.1 9,528.9 9,608.2 9,652.3 9,384.8 9,452.0 9,472.8 9,488.3 15.5

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 9,095.3 9,063.0 9,140.0 9,186.3 8,942.5 8,994.3 9,011.1 9,025.2 14.1

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 516.9 533.7 533.3 531.1 517.8 531.4 531.6 531.7 0.1

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.5 156.8 159.0 158.3 154.1 157.0 157.5 156.9 -0.6

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,771.2 3,652.3 3,733.5 3,805.9 3,701.2 3,704.5 3,718.9 3,730.7 11.8

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,091.7 2,965.9 3,040.0 3,109.2 3,030.7 3,018.9 3,033.4 3,043.6 10.2

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899.5 879.3 876.9 881.6 900.3 893.1 887.5 883.1 -4.4

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220.8 218.4 219.9 216.8 219.9 215.3 217.0 215.5 -1.5

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 958.2 954.7 960.6 962.4 949.0 953.9 954.7 953.8 -0.9

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,239.8 2,328.7 2,316.4 2,283.5 2,168.5 2,201.0 2,204.7 2,210.3 5.6

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333.4 339.1 340.4 346.7 331.8 338.1 339.3 343.1 3.8

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444.8 465.9 468.2 466.0 442.3 457.7 461.7 463.1 1.4

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,696 23,950 24,065 24,322 23,779 24,300 24,356 24,396 40

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,706.4 3,495.3 3,524.2 3,783.5 3,749.1 3,817.0 3,821.3 3,820.0 -1.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,989.9 20,455.1 20,540.5 20,538.5 20,029.9 20,483.4 20,534.8 20,576.2 41.4

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,052.7 16,432.2 16,479.4 16,476.9 16,069.7 16,416.3 16,453.5 16,492.3 38.8

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,522.6 7,771.1 7,800.9 7,808.3 7,536.7 7,773.5 7,794.7 7,823.4 28.7

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,622.1 2,690.0 2,693.7 2,692.0 2,627.2 2,688.2 2,693.2 2,698.4 5.2

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957.9 984.4 991.2 985.2 959.5 985.2 987.9 988.8 0.9

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 931.7 972.2 976.1 978.3 937.0 973.1 973.8 983.3 9.5

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937.2 973.3 974.9 977.4 939.7 973.5 975.9 980.7 4.8

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 282.0 292.4 293.5 295.1 281.5 291.9 293.8 294.5 0.7

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,483.2 1,545.9 1,557.9 1,562.5 1,482.7 1,548.7 1,555.7 1,561.4 5.7

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.5 312.9 313.6 317.8 309.1 312.9 314.4 316.3 1.9

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,165.3 5,248.7 5,262.1 5,268.1 5,165.5 5,244.9 5,258.9 5,267.0 8.1

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,364.8 3,412.4 3,416.4 3,400.5 3,367.5 3,397.9 3,399.9 3,401.9 2.0

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,605.9 1,613.4 1,616.1 1,610.4 1,605.4 1,608.8 1,608.6 1,609.7 1.1

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 644.9 657.2 656.2 652.6 646.4 654.2 654.1 654.0 -0.1

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947.2 970.5 972.6 966.0 948.8 965.5 967.2 966.9 -0.3

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 166.8 171.3 171.5 171.5 166.9 169.4 170.0 171.3 1.3

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,937.2 4,022.9 4,061.1 4,061.6 3,960.2 4,067.1 4,081.3 4,083.9 2.6

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,466.2 2,572.7 2,586.8 2,566.8 2,485.1 2,566.9 2,583.7 2,584.7 1.0

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 175.2 178.6 178.0 178.1 176.0 178.5 178.1 178.6 0.5

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 329.6 332.2 329.8 327.1 330.6 326.5 326.1 327.9 1.8

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966.2 939.4 966.5 989.6 968.4 995.2 993.4 992.6 -0.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,546 17,463 17,380 16,872 16,371 16,690 16,699 16,720 21

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,451.4 2,821.5 2,745.2 2,521.5 2,405.9 2,452.6 2,454.2 2,474.3 20.1

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 522.8 542.2 540.2 536.6 512.6 515.2 516.9 523.4 6.5

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.1 193.3 187.7 177.3 170.8 174.7 175.1 175.3 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Change

from:

Aug.2019 -

Sept.2019p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,755.5 2,086.0 2,017.3 1,807.6 1,722.5 1,762.7 1,762.2 1,775.6 13.4

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,094.9 14,641.7 14,635.1 14,350.7 13,964.6 14,237.5 14,244.5 14,245.5 1.0

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,077.0 2,212.1 2,196.5 2,093.3 2,034.6 2,051.7 2,052.9 2,052.4 -0.5

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 12,017.9 12,429.6 12,438.6 12,257.4 11,930.0 12,185.8 12,191.6 12,193.1 1.5

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,846 6,021 5,993 5,936 5,860 5,946 5,953 5,950 -3

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,333.2 1,372.2 1,370.4 1,366.8 1,334.1 1,364.8 1,367.1 1,366.6 -0.5

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,517.0 1,542.8 1,539.8 1,535.5 1,518.2 1,533.0 1,534.1 1,536.5 2.4

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,995.9 3,106.1 3,082.7 3,033.4 3,007.2 3,048.6 3,051.6 3,046.8 -4.8

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,460 21,286 21,657 22,637 22,494 22,573 22,619 22,641 22

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,801.0 2,836.0 2,859.0 2,846.0 2,797.0 2,817.0 2,845.0 2,843.0 -2.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,196.7 2,228.2 2,253.8 2,243.1 2,190.9 2,209.8 2,238.0 2,236.2 -1.8

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604.6 607.3 604.7 603.3 605.6 607.5 607.2 606.3 -0.9

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,250.0 4,843.0 4,923.0 5,271.0 5,204.0 5,182.0 5,193.0 5,203.0 10.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,553.1 2,123.8 2,198.8 2,557.2 2,508.4 2,479.5 2,486.7 2,491.7 5.0

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,696.5 2,718.9 2,724.0 2,713.7 2,695.2 2,702.1 2,706.1 2,710.8 4.7

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,409.0 13,607.0 13,875.0 14,520.0 14,493.0 14,574.0 14,581.0 14,595.0 14.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,899.9 6,792.6 7,130.0 7,960.0 7,976.4 8,007.5 8,018.8 8,025.2 6.4

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,509.5 6,814.7 6,745.0 6,559.7 6,517.0 6,566.7 6,561.9 6,569.5 7.6

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.3 34.4 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.4 40.2 40.3 40.5

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.0 46.3 46.3 46.2

Construction....................................................................... 39.1 39.1 39.4 39.8

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.9 40.4 40.5 40.5

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.3 40.9 41.0 40.9

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.3 39.6 39.8 39.8

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.2 33.2 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.4 34.1 34.1 34.2

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.0 38.8 38.9 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.9 30.6 30.6 30.7

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 39.0 38.3 38.3 38.4

Utilities........................................................................... 42.2 42.0 42.4 42.1

Information......................................................................... 36.3 36.0 36.4 36.5

Financial activities................................................................ 37.5 37.5 37.7 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.1 36.2 36.1

Education and health services.................................................. 32.9 33.0 33.0 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.0 25.8 25.9 25.9

Other services..................................................................... 31.8 31.8 31.8 31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Total private............................................... $27.30 $27.99 $28.10 $28.09 $941.85 $960.06 $966.64 $966.30

Goods-producing....................................... 28.40 29.05 29.12 29.15 1,147.36 1,167.81 1,173.54 1,180.58

Mining and logging.................................. 32.94 34.23 34.02 34.17 1,515.24 1,584.85 1,575.13 1,578.65

Construction.......................................... 30.15 30.71 30.82 30.81 1,178.87 1,200.76 1,214.31 1,226.24

Manufacturing........................................ 27.14 27.77 27.84 27.86 1,110.03 1,121.91 1,127.52 1,128.33

Durable goods.................................... 28.55 29.21 29.28 29.30 1,179.12 1,194.69 1,200.48 1,198.37

Nondurable goods................................ 24.70 25.25 25.32 25.36 995.41 999.90 1,007.74 1,009.33

Private service-providing.............................. 27.03 27.74 27.86 27.84 900.10 920.97 924.95 924.29

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 23.51 24.29 24.38 24.38 808.74 828.29 831.36 833.80

Wholesale trade.................................. 30.70 31.42 31.65 31.53 1,197.30 1,219.10 1,231.19 1,226.52

Retail trade........................................ 18.92 19.73 19.78 19.82 584.63 603.74 605.27 608.47

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.38 25.00 24.98 25.06 950.82 957.50 956.73 962.30

Utilities............................................. 41.06 41.62 42.02 41.87 1,732.73 1,748.04 1,781.65 1,762.73

Information........................................... 40.50 42.05 42.52 42.00 1,470.15 1,513.80 1,547.73 1,533.00

Financial activities................................... 35.02 35.95 36.17 36.10 1,313.25 1,348.13 1,363.61 1,350.14

Professional and business services.............. 32.82 33.69 33.80 33.86 1,184.80 1,216.21 1,223.56 1,222.35

Education and health services..................... 27.15 27.58 27.65 27.60 893.24 910.14 912.45 908.04

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.08 16.58 16.62 16.68 418.08 427.76 430.46 432.01

Other services....................................... 24.68 25.00 25.08 25.15 784.82 795.00 797.54 797.26

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2019 -

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2019 -

Sept.

2019p

Total private..................................... 110.0 110.9 111.4 111.5 0.1 143.6 148.4 149.6 149.7 0.1

Goods-producing............................. 95.9 96.6 96.9 97.4 0.5 123.1 126.9 127.5 128.3 0.6

Mining and logging........................ 107.7 109.3 108.5 108.3 -0.2 142.4 150.2 148.2 148.6 0.3

Construction................................ 99.1 101.1 101.9 103.0 1.1 129.8 134.9 136.5 137.9 1.0

Manufacturing.............................. 93.7 93.4 93.6 93.6 0.0 118.3 120.6 121.2 121.3 0.1

Durable goods........................... 92.9 92.9 93.1 92.9 -0.2 117.8 120.5 121.1 120.8 -0.2

Nondurable goods...................... 95.5 94.5 95.0 95.1 0.1 119.7 121.1 122.1 122.3 0.2

Private service-providing.................... 113.8 115.1 115.2 115.3 0.1 149.5 155.1 156.0 156.0 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.9 103.4 103.4 103.7 0.3 131.6 135.4 135.9 136.3 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 101.0 101.7 101.9 102.0 0.1 129.7 133.6 134.9 134.5 -0.3

Retail trade.............................. 99.2 97.9 97.9 98.1 0.2 124.0 127.7 128.0 128.6 0.5

Transportation and warehousing...... 121.8 121.8 121.7 122.4 0.6 150.6 154.4 154.2 155.5 0.8

Utilities.................................... 101.0 100.6 101.4 100.4 -1.0 137.0 138.4 140.8 138.9 -1.3

Information................................. 93.6 92.9 94.0 94.6 0.6 134.9 139.1 142.3 141.4 -0.6

Financial activities......................... 105.6 106.6 107.3 106.5 -0.7 144.2 149.4 151.4 150.0 -0.9

Professional and business services..... 119.6 121.6 122.2 122.1 -0.1 158.9 165.9 167.3 167.4 0.1

Education and health services........... 127.7 130.9 131.2 131.1 -0.1 166.9 173.7 174.6 174.0 -0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 121.4 122.9 123.4 123.6 0.2 157.6 164.3 165.5 166.3 0.5

Other services............................. 107.4 109.0 109.1 108.8 -0.3 145.3 149.4 150.0 149.9 -0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Total nonfarm............................................. 74,329 75,549 75,666 75,785 49.7 49.9 49.9 49.9

Total private............................................ 61,364 62,505 62,595 62,706 48.3 48.5 48.5 48.6

Goods-producing.................................... 4,619 4,727 4,732 4,747 22.2 22.4 22.4 22.5

Mining and logging............................... 93 100 100 102 12.5 13.3 13.4 13.7

Construction....................................... 945 976 976 976 12.9 13.0 13.0 13.0

Manufacturing..................................... 3,581 3,651 3,656 3,669 28.1 28.4 28.4 28.6

Durable goods.................................. 1,900 1,946 1,951 1,956 23.8 24.1 24.2 24.3

Nondurable goods............................. 1,681 1,705 1,705 1,713 35.4 35.7 35.6 35.8

Private service-providing........................... 56,745 57,778 57,863 57,959 53.4 53.6 53.6 53.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,105 11,158 11,152 11,163 40.1 40.1 40.1 40.1

Wholesale trade................................ 1,755.8 1,791.0 1,788.3 1,797.3 29.9 30.2 30.1 30.2

Retail trade..................................... 7,858.7 7,814.5 7,805.7 7,800.1 49.7 49.6 49.5 49.5

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,361.5 1,418.8 1,424.8 1,433.1 24.9 25.5 25.6 25.7

Utilities........................................... 129.1 133.2 132.8 132.2 23.3 24.1 24.0 24.0

Information......................................... 1,114 1,127 1,132 1,131 39.5 39.9 40.0 39.9

Financial activities................................ 4,859 4,902 4,904 4,904 56.5 56.5 56.4 56.4

Professional and business services............ 9,570 9,792 9,816 9,836 45.3 45.6 45.6 45.6

Education and health services.................. 18,346 18,772 18,824 18,861 77.2 77.3 77.3 77.3

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,632 8,854 8,857 8,890 52.7 53.0 53.0 53.2

Other services..................................... 3,119 3,173 3,178 3,174 53.2 53.4 53.4 53.3

Government............................................. 12,965 13,044 13,071 13,079 57.6 57.8 57.8 57.8

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Total private............................................................................... 104,660 106,055 106,146 106,182

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,950 15,103 15,104 15,098

Mining and logging.................................................................. 552 549 543 539

Construction.......................................................................... 5,475 5,586 5,591 5,598

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,923 8,968 8,970 8,961

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,493 5,546 5,551 5,540

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,430 3,422 3,419 3,421

Private service-providing.............................................................. 89,710 90,952 91,042 91,084

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,433 23,535 23,526 23,522

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,712.4 4,766.2 4,767.7 4,769.0

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,508.3 13,455.4 13,442.1 13,433.6

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,768.7 4,869.9 4,872.0 4,876.7

Utilities.............................................................................. 443.5 443.8 444.0 443.1

Information............................................................................ 2,272 2,279 2,285 2,291

Financial activities................................................................... 6,659 6,712 6,725 6,717

Professional and business services............................................... 17,234 17,480 17,506 17,526

Education and health services..................................................... 20,883 21,347 21,398 21,422

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,375 14,677 14,678 14,686

Other services........................................................................ 4,854 4,922 4,924 4,920

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.7 33.5 33.6 33.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.4 41.0 41.2 41.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.4 47.3 47.2 47.0

Construction....................................................................... 39.6 39.6 40.0 40.2

Manufacturing..................................................................... 42.1 41.5 41.5 41.5

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.4 41.9 41.9 42.0

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.7 40.9 40.9 40.8

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.4 32.3 32.4 32.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.9 33.7 33.8 33.9

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.6 38.7 38.7

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.4 30.2 30.3 30.4

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.3 37.7 37.8 37.9

Utilities........................................................................... 42.7 42.0 42.7 42.1

Information......................................................................... 35.7 35.1 35.2 35.5

Financial activities................................................................ 37.0 36.7 36.8 36.8

Professional and business services............................................ 35.3 35.4 35.6 35.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.7 24.6 24.6 24.6

Other services..................................................................... 30.8 30.7 30.8 30.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Total private............................................... $22.86 $23.51 $23.61 $23.65 $770.38 $787.59 $793.30 $794.64

Goods-producing....................................... 24.13 24.74 24.82 24.86 998.98 1,014.34 1,022.58 1,024.23

Mining and logging.................................. 28.87 29.84 30.24 30.45 1,339.57 1,411.43 1,427.33 1,431.15

Construction.......................................... 27.94 28.43 28.55 28.58 1,106.42 1,125.83 1,142.00 1,148.92

Manufacturing........................................ 21.62 22.19 22.21 22.24 910.20 920.89 921.72 922.96

Durable goods.................................... 22.61 23.09 23.09 23.14 958.66 967.47 967.47 971.88

Nondurable goods................................ 20.00 20.69 20.74 20.72 834.00 846.22 848.27 845.38

Private service-providing.............................. 22.58 23.25 23.36 23.40 731.59 750.98 756.86 755.82

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 20.06 20.68 20.80 20.80 680.03 696.92 703.04 705.12

Wholesale trade.................................. 25.48 26.07 26.33 26.21 991.17 1,006.30 1,018.97 1,014.33

Retail trade........................................ 16.02 16.63 16.72 16.79 487.01 502.23 506.62 510.42

Transportation and warehousing............... 21.93 22.60 22.60 22.61 839.92 852.02 854.28 856.92

Utilities............................................. 37.02 36.78 37.02 36.95 1,580.75 1,544.76 1,580.75 1,555.60

Information........................................... 32.27 33.64 34.00 34.16 1,152.04 1,180.76 1,196.80 1,212.68

Financial activities................................... 26.98 27.73 27.81 27.82 998.26 1,017.69 1,023.41 1,023.78

Professional and business services.............. 26.96 27.81 27.94 28.02 951.69 984.47 994.66 991.91

Education and health services..................... 23.75 24.34 24.39 24.45 764.75 783.75 785.36 784.85

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.99 14.48 14.55 14.61 345.55 356.21 357.93 359.41

Other services....................................... 20.89 21.17 21.27 21.31 643.41 649.92 655.12 652.09

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2019 -

Sept.

2019p

Sept.

2018

July

2019

Aug.

2019p

Sept.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2019 -

Sept.

2019p

Total private..................................... 117.5 118.4 118.8 118.9 0.1 179.5 186.0 187.5 187.9 0.2

Goods-producing............................. 94.6 94.6 95.1 95.1 0.0 139.7 143.3 144.5 144.7 0.1

Mining and logging........................ 136.1 138.0 136.2 134.6 -1.2 228.5 239.5 239.5 238.4 -0.5

Construction................................ 108.6 110.8 112.0 112.7 0.6 163.8 170.0 172.6 173.9 0.8

Manufacturing.............................. 86.2 85.4 85.5 85.4 -0.1 121.9 124.0 124.1 124.2 0.1

Durable goods........................... 87.5 87.3 87.4 87.4 0.0 123.5 125.8 126.0 126.3 0.2

Nondurable goods...................... 84.3 82.5 82.4 82.2 -0.2 119.1 120.6 120.8 120.4 -0.3

Private service-providing.................... 123.8 125.1 125.6 125.3 -0.2 191.7 199.5 201.2 201.1 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 110.9 110.8 111.0 111.4 0.4 158.9 163.5 164.9 165.4 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 108.8 109.2 109.5 109.5 0.0 163.6 168.0 170.2 169.4 -0.5

Retail trade.............................. 103.9 102.8 103.1 103.3 0.2 142.7 146.5 147.7 148.7 0.7

Transportation and warehousing...... 137.4 138.1 138.5 139.0 0.4 191.1 197.9 198.5 199.3 0.4

Utilities.................................... 96.8 95.3 97.0 95.4 -1.6 149.6 146.3 149.8 147.1 -1.8

Information................................. 92.6 91.3 91.8 92.8 1.1 147.9 152.0 154.5 157.0 1.6

Financial activities......................... 116.0 116.0 116.5 116.4 -0.1 192.5 197.8 199.3 199.2 -0.1

Professional and business services..... 136.0 138.4 139.3 138.7 -0.4 218.1 228.8 231.5 231.1 -0.2

Education and health services........... 143.4 146.6 146.9 146.6 -0.2 224.7 235.4 236.5 236.6 0.0

Leisure and hospitality.................... 130.1 132.3 132.3 132.3 0.0 206.6 217.5 218.5 219.6 0.5

Other services............................. 104.8 106.0 106.4 105.6 -0.8 159.6 163.5 164.8 163.9 -0.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.