Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-20-1838 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, October 2, 2020

Technical information: 

Household data: cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — SEPTEMBER 2020

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 661,000 in September, and the unemployment rate

declined to 7.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. These improvements in the 

labor market reflect the continued resumption of economic activity that had been curtailed due to the 

coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain it. In September, notable job gains occurred in 

leisure and hospitality, in retail trade, in health care and social assistance, and in professional and 

business services. Employment in government declined over the month, mainly in state and local 

government education. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note. 

Household Survey Data

In September, the unemployment rate declined by 0.5 percentage point to 7.9 percent, and the number 

of unemployed persons fell by 1.0 million to 12.6 million. Both measures have declined for 5 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

September 2018 – September 2020

Percent

-25,000

-20,000

-15,000

-10,000

-5,000

0

5,000

10,000

Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Jun-19 Sep-19 Dec-19 Mar-20 Jun-20 Sep-20

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, September 2018 – September 2020

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Jun-19 Sep-19 Dec-19 Mar-20 Jun-20 Sep-20
-2-

consecutive months but are higher than in February, by 4.4 percentage points and 6.8 million, 

respectively. (See table A-1. For more information about how the household survey and its measures 

were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the box note on page 6.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates declined in September for adult men (7.4 

percent), adult women (7.7 percent), Whites (7.0 percent), and Asians (8.9 percent). The jobless rates for 

teenagers (15.9 percent), Blacks (12.1 percent), and Hispanics (10.3 percent) showed little change over 

the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff decreased by 1.5 million in 

September to 4.6 million. This measure is down considerably from the high of 18.1 million in April but 

is 3.8 million higher than in February. In September, the number of permanent job losers increased by 

345,000 to 3.8 million; this measure has risen by 2.5 million since February. The number of unemployed 

job leavers rose by 212,000 to 801,000 in September. (Job leavers are persons who quit or voluntarily 

left their previous job and immediately began looking for new employment.) (See table A-11.) 

In September, the number of unemployed persons who were jobless less than 5 weeks increased by 

271,000 to 2.6 million. The number of persons jobless 5 to 14 weeks decreased by 402,000 to 2.7 

million, and the number of persons jobless 15 to 26 weeks fell by 1.6 million to 4.9 million. The 

number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) increased by 781,000 to 2.4 

million. (See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate decreased by 0.3 percentage point to 61.4 percent in September and 

is 2.0 percentage points lower than in February. The employment-population ratio, at 56.6 percent, 

changed little over the month but is 4.5 percentage points lower than in February. (See table A-1.) 

In September, the number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to 

as involuntary part-time workers) declined by 1.3 million to 6.3 million, reflecting a decrease in the 

number of persons whose hours were cut due to slack work or business conditions. The number of 

involuntary part-time workers is 2.0 million higher than in February. These individuals, who would have 

preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they 

were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 7.2 million, changed little 

in September; this measure is 2.3 million higher than in February. These individuals were not counted as 

unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4 weeks or were 

unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who currently want a job, the number of persons marginally 

attached to the labor force, at 1.9 million, changed little in September. These individuals were not in 

the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 

months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged 

workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, was

581,000 in September, also little changed from the previous month. (See Summary table A.) 
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Household Survey Supplemental Data 

In September, 22.7 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, 

down from 24.3 percent in August. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked at 

home for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically because of the pandemic. 

In September, 19.4 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their 

employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked 

fewer hours at some point in the last 4 weeks due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 24.2 

million in August. Among those who reported in September that they were unable to work because of 

pandemic-related closures or lost business, 10.3 percent received at least some pay from their 

employer for the hours not worked. 

About 4.5 million persons not in the labor force in September were prevented from looking for work 

due to the pandemic. This is down from 5.2 million in August. (To be counted as unemployed, by 

definition, individuals must either be actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.) 

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May to help 

gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables with 

estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at 

www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm . 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 661,000 in September, following larger gains in the prior 4 

months. In September, nonfarm employment was below its February level by 10.7 million, or 7.0 

percent. Notable job gains occurred in leisure and hospitality, in retail trade, in health care and social 

assistance, and in professional and business services. Employment declined in government, mainly in 

state and local government education. (See table B-1. For more information about how the establishment 

survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the box note on page 6.)

Employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 318,000 in September, with almost two-thirds of 

the gain occurring in food services and drinking places (+200,000). Despite job growth totaling 3.8 

million over the last 5 months, employment in food services and drinking places is down by 2.3 million 

since February. Amusements, gambling, and recreation (+69,000) and accommodation (+51,000) also 

added jobs in September. 

Retail trade added 142,000 jobs over the month, with gains widespread in the industry. Clothing and 

clothing accessories stores (+40,000) accounted for about one-fourth of the over-the-month change in 

retail trade. Notable employment increases also occurred in general merchandise stores (+20,000), motor 

vehicle and parts dealers (+16,000), and health and personal care stores (+16,000). Employment in retail 

trade is 483,000 lower than in February. 

Employment in health care and social assistance rose by 108,000 in September but is down by 1.0 

million since February. Health care added 53,000 jobs in September, with continued growth in offices of 

physicians (+18,000), home health care services (+16,000), and offices of other health practitioners 

(+14,000). Social assistance added 55,000 jobs, mostly in individual and family services (+32,000) and 

in child day care services (+18,000). 
-4-

Professional and business services added 89,000 jobs in September. Employment increased in services 

to buildings and dwellings (+22,000), architectural and engineering services (+13,000), and computer 

systems design and related services (+12,000). Despite gains of 910,000 since April, employment in 

professional and business services is 1.4 million lower than in February. 

Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 74,000 in September. Within the industry, job 

gains continued in warehousing and storage (+32,000), transit and ground passenger transportation 

(+21,000), and couriers and messengers (+10,000). Although the industry has added 291,000 jobs since 

May, employment in transportation and warehousing is 304,000 lower than in February. 

Manufacturing added 66,000 jobs over the month. Durable goods accounted for about two-thirds of the 

gain, led by motor vehicles and parts (+14,000) and machinery (+14,000). Despite gains over the past 5 

months, employment in manufacturing is 647,000 below February’s level. 

Financial activities added 37,000 jobs in September. Job growth occurred in real estate and rental and 

leasing (+20,000) and in finance and insurance (+16,000). Employment in financial activities is 162,000 

below the level in February. 

In September, the other services industry added 36,000 jobs, largely in membership associations and 

organizations (+31,000). Employment in other services is 495,000 lower than in February. 

Employment in information grew by 27,000 in September but is down by 276,000 since February. 

Motion picture and sound recording industries accounted for most of the September gain (+23,000). 

Construction employment increased by 26,000 in September, with growth in residential specialty trade 

contractors (+16,000) and construction of buildings (+12,000). Construction employment is below its 

February level by 394,000. 

In September, wholesale trade added 19,000 jobs, with gains in both the durable and nondurable goods 

components (+13,000 and +8,000, respectively). Employment in wholesale trade is 312,000 lower than 

in February. 

Government employment declined by 216,000 in September. Employment in local government 

education and state government education fell by 231,000 and 49,000, respectively. A decrease of 

34,000 in federal government was driven by a decline in the number of temporary Census 2020 workers. 

Partially offsetting these declines, employment in local government, excluding education, rose by 

96,000. 

Employment in private education decreased by 69,000 in September, after a gain of similar magnitude 

in August. Employment in the industry is down by 355,000 since February. 

Employment changed little in mining in September (+1,000). Employment in the industry is down by 

133,000 since a recent peak in January 2019; about three-fourths of this decline has occurred since 

February of this year. 

In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls, at $29.47, 

changed little (+2 cents). Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees were also little changed in September (+1 cent) at $24.79. The large employment 
-5-

fluctuations over the past several months—especially in industries with lower-paid workers—complicate 

the analysis of recent trends in average hourly earnings. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.1 hour to 34.7 hours in 

September. In manufacturing, the workweek rose by 0.2 hour to 40.2 hours, and overtime decreased by 

0.1 hour to 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.1 hour to 34.1 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised up by 27,000, from 

+1,734,000 to +1,761,000, and the change for August was revised up by 118,000, from +1,371,000 to 

+1,489,000. With these revisions, employment in July and August combined was 145,000 more than

previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and 

government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 6, 2020, 

at 8:30 a.m. (ET).
-6-

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on September 2020 Establishment and Household Survey Data

Data collection for both surveys was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In the 

establishment survey, approximately one-fifth of the establishments are assigned to four regional data 

collection centers for collection. Although these centers were closed, interviewers at these centers 

worked remotely to collect data by telephone. Additionally, BLS encouraged businesses to report 

electronically. The collection rate for the establishment survey was 70 percent in September, 5 

percentage points lower than the average for the 12 months ending in February 2020. The household 

survey is generally conducted through in-person and telephone interviews. However, for the safety of 

both interviewers and respondents, in-person interviews were conducted only when telephone interviews 

could not be done. The household survey response rate was 79 percent in September, considerably 

higher than the low of 65 percent in June but below the average rate of 83 percent for the 12 months 

ending in February 2020. 

In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all or any part of the pay period 

including the 12th of the month are counted as employed, even if they were not actually at their jobs. 

Workers who are temporarily or permanently absent from their jobs and are not being paid are not 

counted as employed, even if they are continuing to receive benefits. 

In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force 

based on their answers to a series of questions about their activities during the survey reference week 

(September 6th through September 12th). Workers who indicate they were not working during the entire 

survey reference week and expect to be recalled to their jobs should be classified as unemployed on 

temporary layoff. As in recent months, a large number of persons were classified as unemployed on 

temporary layoff in September.

Since March, household survey interviewers have been instructed to classify employed persons absent 

from work due to temporary, coronavirus-related business closures or cutbacks as unemployed on 

temporary layoff. BLS and Census Bureau analyses of the underlying data suggest there still may be 

some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been classified as unemployed on temporary 

layoff. However, the share of responses that may have been misclassified was much smaller in July, 

August, and September than in prior months. 

For March through August, BLS published an estimate of what the unemployment rate would have been 

had misclassified workers been included. Repeating this same approach, the overall September 

unemployment rate would have been 0.4 percentage point higher than reported. However, this represents 

the upper bound of our estimate of misclassification and probably overstates the size of the 

misclassification error.

According to usual practice, the data from the household survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain 

data integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to reclassify survey responses. 

More information is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-september2020.htm . 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Change from:

Aug. 2020-

Sept. 2020

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 259,638 260,373 260,558 260,742 184

Civilian labor force........................................................... 164,051 159,870 160,838 160,143 -695

Participation rate.......................................................... 63.2 61.4 61.7 61.4 -0.3

Employed................................................................... 158,298 143,532 147,288 147,563 275

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 61.0 55.1 56.5 56.6 0.1

Unemployed............................................................... 5,753 16,338 13,550 12,580 -970

Unemployment rate.................................................... 3.5 10.2 8.4 7.9 -0.5

Not in labor force............................................................ 95,587 100,503 99,720 100,599 879

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 3.5 10.2 8.4 7.9 -0.5

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.2 9.4 8.0 7.4 -0.6

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.1 10.5 8.4 7.7 -0.7

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 12.5 19.3 16.1 15.9 -0.2

White.......................................................................... 3.2 9.2 7.3 7.0 -0.3

Black or African American.................................................. 5.5 14.6 13.0 12.1 -0.9

Asian.......................................................................... 2.5 12.0 10.7 8.9 -1.8

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 3.9 12.9 10.5 10.3 -0.2

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 2.9 9.1 7.6 7.1 -0.5

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 4.8 15.4 12.6 10.6 -2.0

High school graduates, no college........................................ 3.6 10.8 9.8 9.0 -0.8

Some college or associate degree........................................ 2.9 10.0 8.0 8.1 0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.0 6.7 5.3 4.8 -0.5

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 2,575 12,924 10,307 9,135 -1,172

Job leavers...................................................................... 840 571 589 801 212

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,669 2,358 2,095 2,146 51

New entrants.................................................................... 673 513 554 537 -17

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 1,869 3,202 2,281 2,552 271

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,778 5,169 3,134 2,732 -402

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 806 6,484 6,517 4,918 -1,599

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,318 1,501 1,624 2,405 781

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,336 8,443 7,572 6,300 -1,272

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,600 7,281 6,214 4,936 -1,278

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,310 1,048 1,139 1,122 -17

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 21,559 17,792 18,630 18,918 288

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,293 1,979 2,080 1,922 -158

Discouraged workers........................................................ 341 665 535 581 46

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 1,761 1,489 661

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 1,526 1,022 877

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 66 45 93

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 -6 -8 1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 31 17 26

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 41 36 66

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 27 7 46

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.5 43.7 -4.3 14.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 14 29 20

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 1,460 977 784

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 -19.4 10.9 18.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 253.9 261.2 142.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 48.0 81.7 73.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.4 1.0 0.2 2.8

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 -11 26 27

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 15 26 37

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 162 188 89

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 125.7 101.5 8.1

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 219 170 40

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 193.9 100.0 107.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 633 143 318

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 158 70 36

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 235 467 -216

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 3,089 2,677 1,304

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 3,164 2,426 1,142

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.0 49.7 49.8 49.7

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.6 48.2 48.3 48.3

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 81.2 81.3 81.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.6 34.6 34.7

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $28.16 $29.35 $29.45 $29.47

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $968.70 $1,015.51 $1,018.97 $1,022.61

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.2 102.5 103.4 104.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 1.3 0.9 1.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.7 143.8 145.6 147.2

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 1.4 1.3 1.1

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 60.5 70.5 70.3

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.7 52.0 63.2 63.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 697,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 

(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259,638 260,558 260,742 259,638 260,047 260,204 260,373 260,558 260,742

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163,943 160,966 160,073 164,051 158,227 159,932 159,870 160,838 160,143

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 61.8 61.4 63.2 60.8 61.5 61.4 61.7 61.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,478 147,224 147,796 158,298 137,242 142,182 143,532 147,288 147,563

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.0 56.5 56.7 61.0 52.8 54.6 55.1 56.5 56.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,465 13,742 12,277 5,753 20,985 17,750 16,338 13,550 12,580

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 8.5 7.7 3.5 13.3 11.1 10.2 8.4 7.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,694 99,592 100,670 95,587 101,820 100,273 100,503 99,720 100,599

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,637 7,184 6,984 4,861 8,962 8,195 7,732 6,985 7,227

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,583 126,036 126,127 125,583 125,782 125,860 125,944 126,036 126,127

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,729 85,600 85,068 86,855 83,900 84,596 84,533 85,315 85,237

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 67.9 67.4 69.2 66.7 67.2 67.1 67.7 67.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,862 78,711 78,817 83,747 73,702 75,629 76,212 78,255 78,674

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.8 62.5 62.5 66.7 58.6 60.1 60.5 62.1 62.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,867 6,889 6,251 3,109 10,199 8,967 8,321 7,061 6,563

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 8.0 7.3 3.6 12.2 10.6 9.8 8.3 7.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,855 40,436 41,059 38,728 41,881 41,264 41,411 40,720 40,890

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,140 117,672 117,763 117,140 117,410 117,492 117,580 117,672 117,763

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,837 82,554 82,248 83,841 81,057 81,995 81,904 82,512 82,296

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 70.2 69.8 71.6 69.0 69.8 69.7 70.1 69.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,348 76,178 76,468 81,146 71,672 73,641 74,184 75,945 76,231

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.4 64.7 64.9 69.3 61.0 62.7 63.1 64.5 64.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,488 6,376 5,781 2,695 9,385 8,354 7,720 6,567 6,065

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 7.7 7.0 3.2 11.6 10.2 9.4 8.0 7.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,304 35,118 35,515 33,300 36,352 35,497 35,676 35,160 35,467

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,054 134,523 134,615 134,054 134,265 134,344 134,429 134,523 134,615

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,214 75,366 75,005 77,195 74,327 75,336 75,337 75,523 74,906

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.6 56.0 55.7 57.6 55.4 56.1 56.0 56.1 55.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,616 68,513 68,979 74,551 63,540 66,552 67,320 69,033 68,890

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 50.9 51.2 55.6 47.3 49.5 50.1 51.3 51.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,598 6,853 6,026 2,644 10,787 8,783 8,017 6,489 6,016

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 9.1 8.0 3.4 14.5 11.7 10.6 8.6 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,840 59,156 59,610 56,859 59,938 59,009 59,092 59,000 59,709

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,806 126,336 126,429 125,806 126,072 126,155 126,243 126,336 126,429

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,501 72,415 72,129 74,313 71,558 72,580 72,720 72,715 71,850

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 57.3 57.1 59.1 56.8 57.5 57.6 57.6 56.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,204 65,997 66,547 71,990 61,638 64,426 65,113 66,637 66,289

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.4 52.2 52.6 57.2 48.9 51.1 51.6 52.7 52.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,297 6,418 5,582 2,323 9,920 8,154 7,607 6,078 5,561

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 8.9 7.7 3.1 13.9 11.2 10.5 8.4 7.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,304 53,921 54,299 51,493 54,514 53,575 53,523 53,622 54,578

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,691 16,550 16,551 16,691 16,566 16,557 16,550 16,550 16,551

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,605 5,998 5,695 5,897 5,612 5,356 5,245 5,611 5,997

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 36.2 34.4 35.3 33.9 32.3 31.7 33.9 36.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,926 5,049 4,781 5,162 3,932 4,114 4,235 4,706 5,043

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 30.5 28.9 30.9 23.7 24.8 25.6 28.4 30.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680 949 914 735 1,681 1,242 1,011 905 954

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 15.8 16.0 12.5 29.9 23.2 19.3 16.1 15.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,086 10,552 10,856 10,794 10,953 11,201 11,304 10,939 10,554

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,062 201,417 201,515 201,062 201,154 201,233 201,319 201,417 201,515

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,928 124,491 124,095 127,018 122,661 124,009 123,618 124,471 124,213

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 61.8 61.6 63.2 61.0 61.6 61.4 61.8 61.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,055 115,205 115,603 122,955 107,499 111,538 112,226 115,354 115,496

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 57.2 57.4 61.2 53.4 55.4 55.7 57.3 57.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,873 9,286 8,492 4,063 15,162 12,470 11,392 9,118 8,717

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 7.5 6.8 3.2 12.4 10.1 9.2 7.3 7.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,133 76,927 77,420 74,044 78,493 77,224 77,701 76,946 77,302

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,100 64,909 64,919 66,109 64,125 64,688 64,420 64,911 64,976

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 70.3 70.3 71.8 69.5 70.1 69.8 70.3 70.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,380 60,577 60,904 64,224 57,263 58,898 59,054 60,425 60,738

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.9 65.6 65.9 69.7 62.1 63.8 64.0 65.4 65.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,720 4,331 4,014 1,886 6,862 5,790 5,367 4,485 4,238

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 6.7 6.2 2.9 10.7 9.0 8.3 6.9 6.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,449 54,837 54,696 56,348 54,294 55,147 55,124 55,124 54,568

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 56.6 56.4 58.3 56.1 56.9 56.9 56.9 56.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,807 50,557 50,917 54,709 47,195 49,440 49,822 51,124 50,794

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 52.2 52.5 56.6 48.8 51.1 51.4 52.7 52.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,643 4,279 3,779 1,639 7,099 5,707 5,302 4,000 3,774

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 7.8 6.9 2.9 13.1 10.3 9.6 7.3 6.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,379 4,746 4,481 4,561 4,242 4,174 4,074 4,437 4,669

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.8 39.1 36.9 37.3 34.9 34.4 33.6 36.6 38.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,868 4,070 3,782 4,022 3,041 3,201 3,350 3,805 3,965

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.6 33.5 31.2 32.9 25.0 26.4 27.6 31.4 32.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 676 699 539 1,202 973 724 632 704

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 14.2 15.6 11.8 28.3 23.3 17.8 14.2 15.1

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,116 33,386 33,420 33,116 33,294 33,323 33,353 33,386 33,420

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,656 20,199 19,907 20,685 19,858 20,010 20,094 20,150 19,956

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 60.5 59.6 62.5 59.6 60.0 60.2 60.4 59.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,611 17,551 17,609 19,550 16,523 16,927 17,161 17,528 17,537

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 52.6 52.7 59.0 49.6 50.8 51.5 52.5 52.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,045 2,648 2,298 1,135 3,334 3,083 2,933 2,621 2,420

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 13.1 11.5 5.5 16.8 15.4 14.6 13.0 12.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,460 13,187 13,513 12,431 13,436 13,313 13,258 13,237 13,464

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,509 9,331 9,133 9,488 8,970 9,161 9,229 9,277 9,117

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.3 66.3 64.8 68.1 63.9 65.2 65.6 65.9 64.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,032 8,125 8,031 8,976 7,583 7,670 7,827 8,051 7,967

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.9 57.7 57.0 64.5 54.1 54.6 55.7 57.2 56.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 1,206 1,102 512 1,388 1,492 1,402 1,225 1,150

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 12.9 12.1 5.4 15.5 16.3 15.2 13.2 12.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,480 10,141 10,102 10,478 10,097 10,113 10,156 10,174 10,116

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 60.0 59.7 62.6 59.9 60.0 60.2 60.2 59.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,024 8,870 9,026 9,987 8,426 8,693 8,785 8,949 8,997

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 52.5 53.4 59.7 50.0 51.6 52.0 53.0 53.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 1,271 1,076 491 1,671 1,420 1,371 1,224 1,120

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 12.5 10.7 4.7 16.5 14.0 13.5 12.0 11.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668 727 672 719 791 735 709 699 723

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2 30.1 27.9 29.3 32.7 30.4 29.4 29.0 30.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 556 552 588 515 564 549 527 573

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.6 23.0 22.9 23.9 21.3 23.3 22.7 21.9 23.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 171 120 132 276 171 160 172 150

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.8 23.5 17.8 18.3 34.9 23.2 22.5 24.6 20.7

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,400 16,597 16,668 16,400 16,385 16,471 16,420 16,597 16,668

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,518 10,627 10,507 10,521 9,968 10,108 10,408 10,595 10,501

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 64.0 63.0 64.2 60.8 61.4 63.4 63.8 63.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,261 9,491 9,581 10,262 8,475 8,717 9,163 9,462 9,568

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 57.2 57.5 62.6 51.7 52.9 55.8 57.0 57.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 1,136 926 259 1,493 1,392 1,245 1,133 933

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 10.7 8.8 2.5 15.0 13.8 12.0 10.7 8.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,881 5,969 6,162 5,879 6,417 6,362 6,012 6,001 6,167

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Sept.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 43,722 44,300 44,388 43,722 44,053 44,132 44,212 44,300 44,388

Civilian labor force................................ 29,258 28,901 28,771 29,293 28,218 28,907 28,560 28,925 28,798

Participation rate............................... 66.9 65.2 64.8 67.0 64.1 65.5 64.6 65.3 64.9

Employed....................................... 28,210 25,859 25,897 28,156 23,241 24,711 24,885 25,886 25,834

Employment-population ratio............... 64.5 58.4 58.3 64.4 52.8 56.0 56.3 58.4 58.2

Unemployed.................................... 1,048 3,042 2,874 1,137 4,977 4,195 3,675 3,040 2,964

Unemployment rate......................... 3.6 10.5 10.0 3.9 17.6 14.5 12.9 10.5 10.3

Not in labor force................................. 14,464 15,399 15,617 14,430 15,834 15,225 15,652 15,375 15,590

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,783 15,763 15,833 15,793 15,493 15,588 15,488 15,761 15,848

Participation rate............................... 80.0 78.8 79.0 80.0 77.9 78.2 77.6 78.8 79.1

Employed....................................... 15,390 14,261 14,529 15,320 13,154 13,590 13,728 14,213 14,463

Employment-population ratio............... 78.0 71.3 72.5 77.6 66.1 68.2 68.8 71.0 72.1

Unemployed.................................... 393 1,502 1,303 473 2,338 1,999 1,761 1,549 1,386

Unemployment rate......................... 2.5 9.5 8.2 3.0 15.1 12.8 11.4 9.8 8.7

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 12,210 11,831 11,602 12,192 11,510 11,999 11,881 11,904 11,580

Participation rate............................... 61.1 58.4 57.1 61.0 57.1 59.4 58.7 58.7 57.0

Employed....................................... 11,737 10,547 10,326 11,723 9,326 10,158 10,217 10,649 10,307

Employment-population ratio............... 58.8 52.0 50.8 58.7 46.3 50.3 50.5 52.5 50.7

Unemployed.................................... 472 1,284 1,276 468 2,184 1,841 1,664 1,255 1,272

Unemployment rate......................... 3.9 10.9 11.0 3.8 19.0 15.3 14.0 10.5 11.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,265 1,307 1,336 1,308 1,216 1,319 1,191 1,260 1,370

Participation rate............................... 31.6 32.5 33.2 32.7 30.3 32.9 29.7 31.3 34.0

Employed....................................... 1,083 1,051 1,042 1,112 761 964 940 1,024 1,063

Employment-population ratio............... 27.0 26.1 25.9 27.8 19.0 24.0 23.4 25.5 26.4

Unemployed.................................... 182 256 295 196 454 355 251 236 306

Unemployment rate......................... 14.4 19.6 22.1 15.0 37.4 26.9 21.0 18.7 22.4

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,008 8,545 8,946 9,917 8,212 8,342 8,255 8,500 8,835

Participation rate.................................. 46.3 45.1 44.2 45.9 41.9 42.9 44.9 44.9 43.7

Employed.......................................... 9,608 7,536 8,093 9,440 6,577 6,958 6,981 7,427 7,898

Employment-population ratio................. 44.5 39.8 40.0 43.7 33.5 35.7 38.0 39.2 39.0

Unemployed....................................... 400 1,009 853 477 1,634 1,385 1,274 1,073 937

Unemployment rate............................ 4.0 11.8 9.5 4.8 19.9 16.6 15.4 12.6 10.6

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,701 34,365 35,328 36,305 33,792 33,598 33,942 34,129 34,953

Participation rate.................................. 58.4 55.3 55.6 57.8 55.0 55.3 55.4 54.9 55.0

Employed.......................................... 35,474 31,007 32,284 34,990 28,605 29,519 30,266 30,768 31,803

Employment-population ratio................. 56.5 49.9 50.8 55.7 46.6 48.6 49.4 49.5 50.0

Unemployed....................................... 1,227 3,358 3,044 1,315 5,187 4,079 3,677 3,361 3,150

Unemployment rate............................ 3.3 9.8 8.6 3.6 15.3 12.1 10.8 9.8 9.0

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,404 36,155 35,921 37,455 36,381 36,661 36,455 36,427 35,970

Participation rate.................................. 65.0 63.5 63.5 65.1 63.3 63.8 63.4 64.0 63.6

Employed.......................................... 36,348 33,169 33,055 36,370 31,559 32,662 32,816 33,504 33,060

Employment-population ratio................. 63.1 58.3 58.4 63.2 54.9 56.9 57.1 58.9 58.5

Unemployed....................................... 1,056 2,987 2,866 1,085 4,821 3,999 3,639 2,922 2,910

Unemployment rate............................ 2.8 8.3 8.0 2.9 13.3 10.9 10.0 8.0 8.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 59,077 61,379 59,840 59,159 60,442 61,861 61,847 61,930 59,954

Participation rate.................................. 73.9 72.1 72.2 74.0 71.9 72.7 72.1 72.8 72.3

Employed.......................................... 57,919 57,935 57,021 57,966 55,992 57,614 57,710 58,654 57,098

Employment-population ratio................. 72.5 68.1 68.8 72.5 66.6 67.7 67.3 68.9 68.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,157 3,444 2,818 1,193 4,450 4,247 4,137 3,276 2,857

Unemployment rate............................ 2.0 5.6 4.7 2.0 7.4 6.9 6.7 5.3 4.8

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2020

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,744 18,389 16,854 16,482 1,890 1,907

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,229 8,814 8,125 7,705 1,104 1,109

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.2 47.9 48.2 46.7 58.4 58.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,947 8,246 7,887 7,209 1,060 1,037

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.7 44.8 46.8 43.7 56.1 54.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 568 238 496 45 72

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 6.4 2.9 6.4 4.0 6.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,515 9,575 8,729 8,777 786 798

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,377 4,579 3,626 3,827 751 752

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,516 3,643 3,022 3,114 495 529

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.3 79.6 83.3 81.4 65.8 70.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,360 3,371 2,900 2,872 460 499

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.8 73.6 80.0 75.1 61.2 66.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 272 122 242 35 30

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 7.5 4.0 7.8 7.0 5.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861 936 604 713 257 223

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,055 3,011 2,569 2,494 486 517

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,320 2,147 1,945 1,807 374 340

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.9 71.3 75.7 72.5 77.1 65.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,260 2,017 1,890 1,701 370 316

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.0 67.0 73.6 68.2 76.1 61.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 131 55 107 5 24

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 6.1 2.8 5.9 1.2 7.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 864 624 687 111 177

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,129 6,744 6,882 6,507 247 237

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,459 1,180 1,407 1,130 53 50

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.5 17.5 20.4 17.4 21.3 21.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,427 1,128 1,374 1,082 52 46

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0 16.7 20.0 16.6 21.2 19.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 52 32 48 0 4

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 4.4 2.3 4.2 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,670 5,564 5,475 5,377 194 187

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,183 4,055 3,777 3,654 406 401

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,934 1,844 1,751 1,655 183 189

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.2 45.5 46.4 45.3 45.0 47.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,901 1,730 1,723 1,555 178 176

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.4 42.7 45.6 42.5 43.8 43.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 114 28 100 5 13

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 6.2 1.6 6.1 2.6 7.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,249 2,211 2,026 1,999 223 212

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231,979 233,495 104,218 105,156 127,761 128,340

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,624 149,094 77,584 76,330 75,040 72,764

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 63.9 74.4 72.6 58.7 56.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,662 137,705 75,059 70,735 72,603 66,970

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 59.0 72.0 67.3 56.8 52.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,962 11,389 2,525 5,595 2,437 5,794

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 7.6 3.3 7.3 3.2 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,355 84,401 26,634 28,826 52,721 55,575

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2020

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,105 29,802 229,533 230,941

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,193 6,047 157,751 154,026

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.6 20.3 68.7 66.7

Employed............................................................................. 5,817 5,291 152,661 142,505

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 19.3 17.8 66.5 61.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 376 755 5,089 11,521

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.1 12.5 3.2 7.5

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,912 23,755 71,782 76,915

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,632 2,563 78,114 76,550

Participation rate..................................................................... 35.4 34.4 82.9 81.5

Employed............................................................................. 2,458 2,259 75,564 70,944

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 33.0 30.3 80.2 75.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 174 304 2,549 5,606

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.6 11.9 3.3 7.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,805 4,887 16,089 17,354

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,419 2,295 69,975 67,936

Participation rate..................................................................... 32.0 31.0 72.1 70.1

Employed............................................................................. 2,256 1,949 67,657 62,663

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.8 26.3 69.7 64.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 163 346 2,318 5,273

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.7 15.1 3.3 7.8

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,139 5,117 27,104 28,990

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,142 1,188 9,662 9,539

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.6 8.0 25.3 23.8

Employed............................................................................. 1,104 1,082 9,440 8,898

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.3 7.2 24.7 22.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 38 105 222 642

Unemployment rate............................................................... 3.4 8.9 2.3 6.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,969 13,752 28,588 30,571

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2020

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 42,685 41,810 20,523 20,159 22,162 21,651

Civilian labor force.................................................. 28,121 26,712 15,938 15,377 12,183 11,335

Participation rate.................................................. 65.9 63.9 77.7 76.3 55.0 52.4

Employed.......................................................... 27,392 24,419 15,586 14,350 11,806 10,068

Employment-population ratio................................. 64.2 58.4 75.9 71.2 53.3 46.5

Unemployed....................................................... 729 2,293 352 1,027 377 1,266

Unemployment rate............................................ 2.6 8.6 2.2 6.7 3.1 11.2

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,563 15,098 4,585 4,782 9,979 10,316

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 216,953 218,933 105,061 105,969 111,893 112,964

Civilian labor force.................................................. 135,822 133,361 70,790 69,691 65,031 63,670

Participation rate.................................................. 62.6 60.9 67.4 65.8 58.1 56.4

Employed.......................................................... 131,086 123,377 68,276 64,466 62,810 58,911

Employment-population ratio................................. 60.4 56.4 65.0 60.8 56.1 52.1

Unemployed....................................................... 4,736 9,983 2,515 5,224 2,221 4,759

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.5 7.5 3.6 7.5 3.4 7.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 81,131 85,572 34,270 36,278 46,861 49,294

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,479 2,259 2,309 2,416 2,341 2,297 2,128 2,159 2,257

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,672 1,457 1,480 1,634 1,569 1,530 1,446 1,422 1,454

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 781 788 816 765 738 716 677 736 792

Unpaid family workers........................... 27 14 12 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 155,999 144,965 145,487 155,816 134,966 139,944 141,487 145,156 145,235

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 147,030 136,073 136,709 146,852 126,943 131,444 132,888 136,258 136,509

Government..................................... 21,089 20,445 20,361 21,144 19,763 20,895 20,597 21,132 20,483

Private industries............................... 125,942 115,628 116,348 125,734 107,164 110,584 112,361 115,172 116,088

Private households.......................... 842 715 683 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 125,100 114,913 115,665 124,864 106,660 110,045 111,663 114,478 115,385

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,889 8,815 8,723 8,850 7,944 8,376 8,559 8,808 8,680

Unpaid family workers........................... 80 77 54 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 3,992 7,488 5,955 4,336 10,633 9,062 8,443 7,572 6,300

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,377 6,106 4,669 2,600 9,543 7,939 7,281 6,214 4,936

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,327 1,039 1,124 1,310 843 942 1,048 1,139 1,122

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,666 17,110 19,012 21,559 14,394 17,137 17,792 18,630 18,918

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 3,925 7,387 5,901 4,257 10,485 8,961 8,382 7,468 6,224

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,337 6,033 4,623 2,554 9,408 7,860 7,234 6,148 4,881

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,317 1,027 1,120 1,300 836 941 1,047 1,124 1,116

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,291 16,744 18,612 21,178 14,009 16,793 17,404 18,264 18,519

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,478 147,224 147,796 158,298 137,242 142,182 143,532 147,288 147,563

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,926 5,049 4,781 5,162 3,932 4,114 4,235 4,706 5,043

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,870 2,042 1,845 1,809 1,420 1,501 1,727 1,845 1,787

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,056 3,007 2,936 3,321 2,495 2,649 2,581 2,838 3,202

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,553 142,175 143,015 153,136 133,310 138,068 139,297 142,582 142,521

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,203 12,528 12,561 14,282 10,608 11,249 11,593 12,253 12,635

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,350 129,647 130,454 138,787 122,691 126,771 127,741 130,231 129,859

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,621 94,500 95,026 101,201 89,943 92,702 93,068 94,928 94,606

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,073 32,765 33,405 35,928 31,299 32,028 32,105 32,889 33,253

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,581 31,873 31,844 33,385 30,088 30,991 31,398 31,972 31,656

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,967 29,863 29,777 31,887 28,555 29,683 29,565 30,067 29,697

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,729 35,147 35,428 37,586 32,748 34,069 34,673 35,304 35,253

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,862 78,711 78,817 83,747 73,702 75,629 76,212 78,255 78,674

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,514 2,533 2,349 2,601 2,030 1,988 2,028 2,310 2,442

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916 982 873 896 659 714 753 860 839

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,598 1,552 1,476 1,686 1,355 1,302 1,297 1,435 1,577

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,348 76,178 76,468 81,146 71,672 73,641 74,184 75,945 76,231

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,167 6,563 6,477 7,208 5,445 5,726 5,949 6,345 6,521

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,181 69,615 69,991 73,896 66,271 67,865 68,243 69,503 69,688

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,061 50,761 50,918 53,870 48,488 49,471 49,683 50,763 50,721

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,256 17,572 17,882 19,197 16,822 16,987 17,019 17,566 17,808

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,012 17,240 17,232 17,928 16,335 16,582 16,867 17,210 17,151

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,792 15,949 15,804 16,745 15,330 15,903 15,796 15,987 15,762

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,121 18,855 19,073 20,026 17,783 18,394 18,560 18,740 18,966

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,616 68,513 68,979 74,551 63,540 66,552 67,320 69,033 68,890

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,412 2,516 2,432 2,561 1,902 2,126 2,207 2,396 2,600

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954 1,060 972 914 761 788 974 984 948

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,458 1,456 1,460 1,635 1,140 1,347 1,284 1,402 1,626

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,204 65,997 66,547 71,990 61,638 64,426 65,113 66,637 66,289

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,036 5,965 6,085 7,073 5,163 5,523 5,644 5,908 6,114

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,168 60,032 60,462 64,891 56,420 58,906 59,498 60,728 60,171

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,561 43,739 44,108 47,331 41,455 43,231 43,385 44,164 43,885

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,817 15,193 15,523 16,731 14,478 15,041 15,086 15,323 15,444

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,568 14,633 14,612 15,457 13,753 14,409 14,531 14,762 14,505

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,175 13,914 13,972 15,143 13,225 13,781 13,769 14,079 13,936

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,608 16,292 16,355 17,560 14,964 15,675 16,113 16,564 16,286

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,256 44,420 43,845 46,011 42,822 43,702 43,768 44,391 43,605

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,477 34,703 34,350 36,478 32,978 34,440 34,794 35,275 34,326

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,006 8,689 9,109 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,704 123,619 122,998 131,123 116,523 118,941 119,532 122,369 122,423

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,774 23,605 24,798 27,079 20,741 23,179 23,982 24,973 25,161

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,331 6,541 6,482 8,312 5,598 6,279 6,602 6,784 6,445

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.4 4.4 5.3 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.4

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,227 6,327 6,275 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,669 9,603 9,540 9,615 8,681 9,092 9,236 9,544 9,473

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Sept.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 5,753 13,550 12,580 3.5 13.3 11.1 10.2 8.4 7.9

16 to 19 years..................................... 735 905 954 12.5 29.9 23.2 19.3 16.1 15.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 274 298 367 13.1 30.1 23.8 17.6 13.9 17.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 460 607 582 12.2 29.8 22.5 19.8 17.6 15.4

20 years and over................................ 5,018 12,645 11,626 3.2 12.6 10.7 9.9 8.1 7.5

20 to 24 years.................................. 964 2,010 1,807 6.3 23.2 19.8 18.3 14.1 12.5

25 years and over.............................. 4,072 10,636 9,858 2.9 11.6 9.7 9.1 7.6 7.1

25 to 54 years............................... 3,126 7,715 7,322 3.0 11.5 9.8 9.2 7.5 7.2

25 to 34 years............................. 1,331 3,515 3,173 3.6 13.4 11.7 11.4 9.7 8.7

35 to 44 years............................. 892 2,206 2,105 2.6 10.2 9.1 8.1 6.5 6.2

45 to 54 years............................. 903 1,994 2,045 2.8 10.7 8.3 7.8 6.2 6.4

55 years and over........................... 923 2,927 2,524 2.4 11.8 9.7 8.8 7.7 6.7

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,109 7,061 6,563 3.6 12.2 10.6 9.8 8.3 7.7

16 to 19 years..................................... 414 493 499 13.7 28.6 23.6 22.8 17.6 17.0

16 to 17 years.................................. 135 148 196 13.1 27.8 19.0 24.2 14.7 19.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 275 365 303 14.0 29.1 25.6 21.5 20.3 16.1

20 years and over................................ 2,695 6,567 6,065 3.2 11.6 10.2 9.4 8.0 7.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 563 1,048 956 7.2 22.4 19.0 17.8 14.2 12.8

25 years and over.............................. 2,132 5,520 5,111 2.8 10.5 9.3 8.6 7.4 6.8

25 to 54 years............................... 1,668 4,037 3,830 3.0 10.6 9.5 8.9 7.4 7.0

25 to 34 years............................. 758 1,899 1,687 3.8 13.0 11.8 11.7 9.8 8.7

35 to 44 years............................. 437 1,171 1,119 2.4 9.5 8.9 7.9 6.4 6.1

45 to 54 years............................. 472 967 1,023 2.7 9.2 7.5 6.7 5.7 6.1

55 years and over........................... 464 1,483 1,281 2.3 10.3 8.9 8.0 7.3 6.3

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,644 6,489 6,016 3.4 14.5 11.7 10.6 8.6 8.0

16 to 19 years..................................... 321 412 456 11.2 31.3 22.8 15.7 14.7 14.9

16 to 17 years.................................. 139 151 171 13.2 32.0 27.8 11.6 13.3 15.3

18 to 19 years.................................. 185 243 279 10.2 30.6 19.4 18.0 14.8 14.7

20 years and over................................ 2,323 6,078 5,561 3.1 13.9 11.2 10.5 8.4 7.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 401 962 850 5.4 24.0 20.6 18.8 14.0 12.2

25 years and over.............................. 1,941 5,116 4,747 2.9 12.8 10.2 9.6 7.8 7.3

25 to 54 years............................... 1,459 3,678 3,493 3.0 12.5 10.1 9.5 7.7 7.4

25 to 34 years............................. 573 1,616 1,486 3.3 13.9 11.6 11.1 9.5 8.8

35 to 44 years............................. 455 1,035 986 2.9 11.0 9.4 8.4 6.6 6.4

45 to 54 years............................. 431 1,027 1,021 2.8 12.5 9.3 9.0 6.8 6.8

55 years and over........................... 475 1,434 1,265 2.6 13.6 10.5 9.6 8.0 7.2

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 815 2,329 2,217 1.7 8.3 6.9 6.2 5.0 4.8

Married women, spouse present1................. 825 2,430 2,172 2.2 11.5 8.9 8.6 6.4 6.0

Women who maintain families2.................... 492 1,011 1,012 4.7 15.8 13.1 12.4 10.4 10.0

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 4,669 11,082 10,311 3.4 12.0 10.4 9.8 8.3 7.8

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,087 2,459 2,299 3.9 19.7 14.7 12.6 9.0 8.4

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2,227 10,347 8,738 2,575 18,291 14,272 12,924 10,307 9,135

On temporary layoff.............................. 428 6,206 4,280 729 15,343 10,565 9,225 6,160 4,637

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 1,799 4,141 4,457 1,846 2,948 3,707 3,699 4,147 4,498

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,269 3,398 3,704 1,318 2,295 2,883 2,877 3,411 3,756

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 530 743 754 528 653 824 823 736 742

Job leavers........................................... 897 672 869 840 554 565 571 589 801

Reentrants............................................ 1,691 2,103 2,139 1,669 1,645 2,356 2,358 2,095 2,146

New entrants......................................... 650 620 531 673 536 563 513 554 537

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 40.7 75.3 71.2 44.7 87.0 80.4 79.0 76.1 72.4

On temporary layoff.............................. 7.8 45.2 34.9 12.7 73.0 59.5 56.4 45.5 36.7

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 32.9 30.1 36.3 32.1 14.0 20.9 22.6 30.6 35.6

Job leavers........................................... 16.4 4.9 7.1 14.6 2.6 3.2 3.5 4.4 6.4

Reentrants............................................ 30.9 15.3 17.4 29.0 7.8 13.3 14.4 15.5 17.0

New entrants......................................... 11.9 4.5 4.3 11.7 2.5 3.2 3.1 4.1 4.3

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 1.4 6.4 5.5 1.6 11.6 8.9 8.1 6.4 5.7

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3

New entrants......................................... 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 1,820 2,283 2,518 1,869 3,875 2,838 3,202 2,281 2,552

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,588 3,442 2,518 1,778 14,814 11,496 5,169 3,134 2,732

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,057 8,018 7,241 2,124 2,242 3,294 7,986 8,140 7,323

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 737 6,381 4,806 806 1,078 1,903 6,484 6,517 4,918

27 weeks and over............................... 1,320 1,637 2,435 1,318 1,164 1,391 1,501 1,624 2,405

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 23.0 19.7 21.9 21.7 9.9 15.7 17.9 20.2 20.7

Median duration, in weeks......................... 9.8 16.2 18.2 9.4 7.7 13.6 15.0 16.7 17.8

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 33.3 16.6 20.5 32.4 18.5 16.1 19.6 16.8 20.2

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 29.1 25.0 20.5 30.8 70.8 65.2 31.6 23.1 21.7

15 weeks and over.................................. 37.6 58.3 59.0 36.8 10.7 18.7 48.8 60.1 58.1

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 13.5 46.4 39.1 14.0 5.2 10.8 39.6 48.1 39.0

27 weeks and over............................... 24.1 11.9 19.8 22.8 5.6 7.9 9.2 12.0 19.1

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2020

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 158,478 147,796 5,465 12,277 3.3 7.7

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 64,343 62,759 1,235 2,946 1.9 4.5

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 27,218 26,747 450 1,336 1.6 4.8

Professional and related occupations.......................... 37,124 36,011 786 1,611 2.1 4.3

Service occupations................................................ 27,303 23,428 1,068 3,200 3.8 12.0

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,675 29,696 1,158 2,610 3.3 8.1

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,733 14,157 581 1,388 3.6 8.9

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,942 15,539 577 1,222 3.1 7.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,534 13,683 489 1,023 3.3 7.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,149 966 63 61 5.2 5.9

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,347 8,038 314 702 3.6 8.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 5,037 4,679 111 261 2.2 5.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 18,624 18,231 846 1,953 4.3 9.7

Production occupations.......................................... 8,502 7,696 379 691 4.3 8.2

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 10,123 10,534 467 1,262 4.4 10.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2020

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 5,465 12,277 3.3 7.7

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 4,099 10,098 3.2 8.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 13 108 1.7 14.9

Construction.......................................................................... 319 700 3.2 7.1

Manufacturing........................................................................ 530 935 3.4 6.2

Durable goods..................................................................... 266 531 2.7 5.7

Nondurable goods................................................................ 263 404 4.5 7.1

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 666 1,545 3.4 7.8

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 235 753 3.2 9.8

Information............................................................................ 109 202 4.4 8.6

Financial activities................................................................... 192 442 1.9 4.4

Professional and business services............................................... 585 1,161 3.2 6.7

Education and health services..................................................... 557 1,250 2.2 5.1

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 678 2,436 4.8 19.0

Other services........................................................................ 215 566 3.2 9.2

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 68 76 4.0 5.0

Government workers................................................................... 389 884 1.8 4.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 259 688 2.6 6.7

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2019

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

May

2020

June

2020

July

2020

Aug.

2020

Sept.

2020

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.3 5.0 4.5 1.3 1.4 2.1 5.0 5.1 4.6

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 1.4 6.4 5.5 1.6 11.6 8.9 8.1 6.4 5.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 3.3 8.5 7.7 3.5 13.3 11.1 10.2 8.4 7.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 3.5 8.8 8.0 3.7 13.6 11.5 10.6 8.7 8.2

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.1 9.7 8.8 4.3 14.6 12.5 11.3 9.6 8.9

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 6.5 14.3 12.4 6.9 21.2 18.0 16.5 14.2 12.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2020

Sept.

2019

Sept.

2020

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 95,694 100,670 38,855 41,059 56,840 59,610

Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,637 6,984 2,146 3,367 2,492 3,617

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,299 1,921 629 1,016 670 905

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 321 556 171 341 151 214

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 978 1,365 458 675 519 690

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 8,331 6,482 3,901 3,054 4,430 3,428

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.3 4.4 4.7 3.9 5.9 5.0

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,787 3,711 2,353 1,959 2,435 1,753

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,114 1,586 725 530 1,389 1,056

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 279 256 211 141 67 115

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,115 891 593 412 522 479

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Change

from:

Aug.2020 -

Sept.2020p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,556 139,076 140,718 141,855 151,368 139,570 141,059 141,720 661

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,917 118,808 119,731 120,059 128,718 118,018 119,040 119,917 877

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,318 20,232 20,293 20,258 21,106 19,925 19,970 20,063 93

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738 630 620 619 731 620 612 613 1

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.6 52.3 52.1 51.6 51.5 51.2 50.5 50.6 0.1

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685.8 577.6 567.7 567.4 679.8 569.0 561.5 562.4 0.9

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.4 156.6 157.4 157.3 154.3 155.2 156.0 156.9 0.9

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.5 182.8 183.2 181.9 190.0 180.1 180.0 179.8 -0.2

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.3 45.3 45.4 44.6 52.2 45.9 45.4 44.5 -0.9

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.9 40.7 40.9 40.6 41.0 40.4 40.6 40.8 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.3 96.8 96.9 96.7 96.8 93.8 94.0 94.5 0.5

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338.9 238.2 227.1 228.2 335.5 233.7 225.5 225.7 0.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,700 7,427 7,461 7,415 7,524 7,202 7,219 7,245 26

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,686.0 1,637.5 1,648.5 1,639.7 1,664.6 1,598.8 1,609.0 1,620.9 11.9

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835.1 831.0 835.7 836.8 825.4 818.4 820.7 827.3 6.6

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850.9 806.5 812.8 802.9 839.2 780.4 788.3 793.6 5.3

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,140.6 1,072.3 1,074.0 1,066.8 1,079.1 1,014.9 1,009.1 1,005.7 -3.4

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,873.1 4,717.5 4,738.9 4,708.5 4,780.1 4,588.3 4,600.7 4,618.3 17.6

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,125.0 2,098.7 2,117.0 2,107.7 2,089.5 2,036.4 2,059.5 2,075.0 15.5

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,748.1 2,618.8 2,621.9 2,600.8 2,690.6 2,551.9 2,541.2 2,543.3 2.1

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,880 12,175 12,212 12,224 12,851 12,103 12,139 12,205 66

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,063 7,585 7,596 7,609 8,066 7,561 7,568 7,614 46

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411.3 390.9 392.5 393.6 410.3 387.7 388.3 392.2 3.9

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425.7 410.0 406.1 409.7 422.2 403.8 399.4 405.6 6.2

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.5 338.8 339.0 335.2 384.0 338.1 339.0 335.6 -3.4

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,487.3 1,387.9 1,390.0 1,388.0 1,489.9 1,380.5 1,386.3 1,390.5 4.2

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,117.7 1,045.8 1,039.2 1,044.8 1,122.2 1,039.3 1,036.9 1,050.7 13.8

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,088.0 1,090.5 1,090.6 1,083.8 1,089.0 1,084.0 1,085.7 1,086.4 0.7

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 165.3 169.4 170.6 168.9 165.1 169.5 169.8 169.1 -0.7

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.4 82.3 83.0 81.6 83.5 82.3 82.5 82.0 -0.5

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378.9 376.1 374.6 371.0 379.4 372.3 372.3 372.1 -0.2

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426.8 427.3 426.7 427.1 427.8 424.9 425.9 428.6 2.7

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 35.4 35.7 35.2 33.1 35.0 35.2 34.6 -0.6

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 405.1 382.5 378.9 378.4 404.9 380.0 377.3 378.1 0.8

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,739.6 1,594.4 1,612.2 1,627.4 1,737.4 1,607.5 1,609.8 1,625.1 15.3

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998.4 891.3 905.3 919.5 997.7 909.0 904.7 919.0 14.3

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386.8 351.2 353.3 352.4 386.9 349.0 353.0 352.7 -0.3

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618.1 592.7 594.2 595.9 619.1 591.0 592.6 597.0 4.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,817 4,590 4,616 4,615 4,785 4,542 4,571 4,591 20

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,669.6 1,621.2 1,635.5 1,631.3 1,645.2 1,593.8 1,607.3 1,612.3 5.0

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.9 92.0 94.3 96.4 107.9 92.1 94.0 96.4 2.4

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.2 102.0 102.4 104.4 111.9 100.8 102.1 104.0 1.9

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.4 82.5 86.0 86.2 109.7 83.0 85.7 86.1 0.4

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364.0 357.0 355.1 355.9 364.9 355.1 354.0 357.0 3.0

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 424.9 364.4 361.6 365.3 424.2 364.1 360.2 364.9 4.7

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.3 107.2 106.7 106.5 113.2 103.3 104.0 103.8 -0.2

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850.6 837.9 840.4 834.9 851.7 833.9 839.2 837.2 -2.0

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736.3 723.4 726.0 721.7 738.2 719.4 723.2 724.2 1.0

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325.4 302.0 308.2 312.7 317.6 296.9 300.9 304.9 4.0

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,599 98,576 99,438 99,801 107,612 98,093 99,070 99,854 784

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,575 26,095 26,403 26,591 27,712 26,136 26,490 26,727 237

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,910.9 5,619.3 5,624.2 5,620.0 5,913.2 5,592.9 5,603.8 5,622.5 18.7

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,213.2 3,060.6 3,059.9 3,059.4 3,215.5 3,047.4 3,046.7 3,059.7 13.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,169.3 2,059.5 2,060.8 2,061.5 2,168.8 2,046.5 2,054.6 2,062.9 8.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Change

from:

Aug.2020 -

Sept.2020p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528.4 499.2 503.5 499.1 528.9 499.0 502.5 499.9 -2.6

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,487.4 14,794.4 15,022.7 15,060.6 15,622.8 14,785.4 15,046.6 15,189.0 142.4

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,050.5 1,914.4 1,939.6 1,950.3 2,042.4 1,902.8 1,927.8 1,943.9 16.1

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,305.1 1,188.6 1,207.7 1,217.7 1,300.7 1,186.0 1,204.5 1,214.7 10.2

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167.0 158.4 160.5 157.6 165.0 149.8 153.8 155.6 1.8

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 578.4 567.4 571.4 575.0 576.7 567.0 569.5 573.6 4.1

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 463.9 391.5 401.4 406.5 470.5 397.5 408.2 413.5 5.3

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 464.1 398.7 414.5 423.0 472.5 411.4 430.6 432.9 2.3

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,283.6 1,413.9 1,403.8 1,385.8 1,306.0 1,376.6 1,391.4 1,399.4 8.0

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,070.4 3,147.1 3,148.7 3,128.9 3,084.5 3,124.7 3,131.6 3,139.6 8.0

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,034.5 951.4 963.1 975.9 1,046.7 955.8 970.4 986.3 15.9

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951.3 924.9 931.7 923.6 949.7 912.1 917.8 921.1 3.3

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,246.1 911.3 923.3 934.7 1,282.3 912.2 924.4 964.2 39.8

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546.8 429.9 445.5 456.3 554.8 441.4 454.9 466.4 11.5

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,993.4 3,056.6 3,176.3 3,196.0 3,025.7 3,101.9 3,218.2 3,237.7 19.5

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,043.6 985.7 1,021.1 1,028.6 1,070.1 1,018.6 1,050.7 1,060.6 9.9

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,949.8 2,070.9 2,155.2 2,167.4 1,955.7 2,083.3 2,167.5 2,177.1 9.6

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830.8 719.4 733.6 731.4 830.3 708.8 725.8 729.2 3.4

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552.0 535.3 541.2 548.2 557.4 540.2 545.5 554.8 9.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,631.1 5,139.8 5,215.7 5,370.2 5,628.6 5,218.5 5,300.2 5,373.8 73.6

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.2 398.9 409.4 404.1 503.5 395.4 405.9 404.3 -1.6

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.5 145.5 146.0 146.0 170.0 145.3 145.8 145.9 0.1

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.6 57.5 57.3 57.2 65.7 55.0 54.9 56.1 1.2

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,543.4 1,458.3 1,467.0 1,470.2 1,528.0 1,439.8 1,449.8 1,454.4 4.6

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513.8 273.5 282.4 380.5 500.7 335.0 346.2 367.6 21.4

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4 50.0 49.8 49.5 51.3 50.0 49.8 49.5 -0.3

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 42.3 27.3 27.3 25.4 35.9 20.7 20.9 21.7 0.8

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 755.1 674.5 680.4 683.2 755.0 672.3 679.0 683.9 4.9

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792.4 877.1 883.2 903.7 825.3 917.8 926.3 936.6 10.3

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,192.4 1,177.2 1,212.9 1,250.4 1,193.2 1,187.2 1,221.6 1,253.8 32.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545.8 541.3 539.9 539.9 547.5 538.8 539.0 541.8 2.8

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,860 2,583 2,601 2,607 2,866 2,565 2,591 2,618 27

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 769.0 734.8 737.8 737.7 765.2 730.4 734.2 733.7 -0.5

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439.9 225.9 250.8 256.6 445.5 214.0 241.1 264.3 23.2

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266.0 238.3 240.8 247.5 265.0 239.1 242.0 246.4 4.4

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700.5 684.3 677.7 675.0 704.4 684.4 680.1 678.8 -1.3

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341.3 342.0 336.1 335.3 341.9 341.1 337.8 337.7 -0.1

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.2 358.1 357.9 355.0 344.4 355.5 355.4 357.3 1.9

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,775 8,681 8,703 8,682 8,771 8,620 8,646 8,683 37

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,435.2 6,473.3 6,483.2 6,472.6 6,442.1 6,452.9 6,466.1 6,482.4 16.3

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.6 20.2 20.0 19.9 19.7 19.8 19.8 20.0 0.2

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,649.1 2,661.2 2,663.1 2,654.5 2,650.9 2,650.2 2,656.9 2,661.5 4.6

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,771.3 1,774.0 1,768.6 1,752.8 1,777.1 1,765.1 1,762.7 1,760.7 -2.0

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,385.6 1,384.9 1,379.4 1,365.5 1,390.3 1,377.3 1,375.1 1,372.9 -2.2

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 579.4 577.9 585.0 588.5 575.3 574.8 582.5 586.7 4.2

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 298.4 309.3 309.5 313.2 298.5 310.3 311.7 314.1 2.4

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 964.8 975.4 980.0 973.7 967.1 969.4 970.6 974.6 4.0

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,801.7 2,816.5 2,820.1 2,824.5 2,804.4 2,813.5 2,818.8 2,826.3 7.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,339.5 2,207.5 2,220.0 2,209.0 2,328.9 2,167.3 2,180.2 2,200.2 20.0

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,727.7 1,695.1 1,703.9 1,694.1 1,725.9 1,674.0 1,680.4 1,692.3 11.9

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588.6 488.9 492.6 492.1 579.8 470.3 476.8 484.9 8.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Change

from:

Aug.2020 -

Sept.2020p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.2 23.5 23.5 22.8 23.2 23.0 23.0 23.0 0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,479 20,010 20,220 20,239 21,402 19,887 20,075 20,164 89

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,516.9 9,307.8 9,338.9 9,295.7 9,603.0 9,294.8 9,339.8 9,387.1 47.3

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,146.9 1,116.6 1,112.4 1,108.0 1,152.4 1,108.4 1,110.4 1,113.5 3.1

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 969.9 947.6 950.8 946.7 1,032.6 1,012.7 1,011.8 1,014.0 2.2

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,520.4 1,496.4 1,505.6 1,501.6 1,518.4 1,470.7 1,487.7 1,500.8 13.1

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.7 132.1 133.0 134.5 145.1 132.1 133.0 134.6 1.6

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,210.9 2,178.2 2,188.1 2,167.0 2,223.5 2,154.2 2,167.6 2,179.3 11.7

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,541.9 1,497.2 1,504.0 1,498.1 1,543.8 1,490.9 1,495.9 1,499.0 3.1

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732.4 749.3 753.4 748.0 735.7 739.9 747.6 752.6 5.0

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 490.2 448.4 443.0 443.1 492.4 445.4 440.5 444.9 4.4

Other professional and technical services. . . 759.6 742.0 748.6 748.7 759.1 740.5 745.3 748.4 3.1

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,434.1 2,354.7 2,353.0 2,348.0 2,438.3 2,336.6 2,340.0 2,351.3 11.3

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,527.6 8,347.1 8,527.9 8,594.8 9,360.2 8,255.3 8,394.7 8,425.7 31.0

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 9,066.1 7,886.9 8,068.7 8,137.3 8,901.2 7,803.9 7,942.4 7,970.6 28.2

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 526.9 508.1 507.9 509.6 527.9 506.9 505.7 510.2 4.5

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.6 158.3 156.9 155.7 164.4 158.4 156.9 155.3 -1.6

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,722.8 2,941.0 3,108.7 3,176.5 3,644.6 2,977.9 3,098.2 3,098.7 0.5

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,016.9 2,319.4 2,473.9 2,542.8 2,949.1 2,365.1 2,466.6 2,474.7 8.1

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871.3 752.0 766.5 780.9 871.6 761.3 773.5 781.9 8.4

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219.6 161.4 157.6 155.5 218.3 158.7 156.0 154.7 -1.3

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 962.2 899.6 908.1 911.8 952.5 901.3 904.9 902.3 -2.6

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,252.6 2,172.5 2,165.1 2,147.2 2,180.1 2,044.2 2,048.5 2,070.9 22.4

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345.1 294.0 297.9 300.1 341.7 295.2 298.7 296.6 -2.1

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461.5 460.2 459.2 457.5 459.0 451.4 452.3 455.1 2.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,257 22,646 22,835 23,125 24,323 22,979 23,149 23,189 40

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,763.5 3,164.5 3,233.5 3,445.7 3,791.6 3,471.5 3,542.2 3,473.7 -68.5

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,493.4 19,481.0 19,601.3 19,678.9 20,531.1 19,507.2 19,607.2 19,714.9 107.7

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,342.4 15,736.4 15,806.0 15,824.0 16,356.8 15,712.8 15,786.8 15,839.6 52.8

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,735.4 7,411.7 7,492.6 7,529.3 7,748.9 7,404.2 7,487.1 7,544.7 57.6

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,678.6 2,592.1 2,617.7 2,629.1 2,684.6 2,591.9 2,618.1 2,636.3 18.2

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969.4 918.8 939.6 937.2 972.1 917.6 936.0 939.9 3.9

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 975.0 885.9 898.4 906.2 979.4 883.1 896.2 910.0 13.8

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965.3 942.8 951.6 952.3 968.6 943.1 952.3 955.5 3.2

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 285.7 273.9 273.8 276.4 285.1 273.0 273.6 276.0 2.4

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,542.8 1,496.3 1,509.0 1,524.6 1,542.0 1,494.0 1,508.4 1,524.6 16.2

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318.6 301.9 302.5 303.5 317.2 301.5 302.5 302.4 -0.1

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,219.9 5,135.7 5,142.1 5,136.0 5,218.8 5,133.1 5,141.6 5,135.2 -6.4

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,387.1 3,189.0 3,171.3 3,158.7 3,389.1 3,175.5 3,158.1 3,159.7 1.6

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,602.5 1,480.3 1,472.5 1,463.8 1,601.5 1,476.6 1,467.3 1,462.5 -4.8

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 647.9 620.7 620.8 619.9 649.6 616.6 618.3 621.2 2.9

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970.6 927.1 918.9 916.1 972.0 923.0 914.4 917.1 2.7

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 166.1 160.9 159.1 158.9 166.0 159.3 158.1 158.9 0.8

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,151.0 3,744.6 3,795.3 3,854.9 4,174.3 3,794.4 3,820.4 3,875.3 54.9

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,619.4 2,513.6 2,525.2 2,537.4 2,639.4 2,508.3 2,524.0 2,555.7 31.7

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 185.0 182.7 179.4 181.6 185.4 183.0 180.8 182.2 1.4

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 320.7 279.6 283.2 283.0 322.4 274.7 280.3 284.4 4.1

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,025.9 768.7 807.5 852.9 1,027.0 828.4 835.3 853.0 17.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,759 13,152 13,231 13,124 16,631 12,566 12,709 13,027 318

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,483.7 1,826.5 1,798.1 1,702.6 2,440.7 1,587.4 1,609.6 1,676.6 67.0

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 537.7 273.3 287.4 279.0 521.0 257.4 274.0 269.6 -4.4

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174.3 138.6 135.7 130.0 172.5 124.8 126.3 128.9 2.6

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Change

from:

Aug.2020 -

Sept.2020p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,771.7 1,414.6 1,375.0 1,293.6 1,747.2 1,205.2 1,209.3 1,278.1 68.8

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,275.4 11,325.5 11,432.8 11,421.2 14,189.8 10,978.6 11,099.7 11,350.7 251.0

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,115.1 1,450.4 1,456.4 1,404.3 2,076.5 1,298.1 1,314.9 1,365.6 50.7

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 12,160.3 9,875.1 9,976.4 10,016.9 12,113.3 9,680.5 9,784.8 9,985.1 200.3

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,894 5,409 5,445 5,433 5,907 5,340 5,410 5,446 36

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,360.6 1,289.9 1,308.9 1,310.7 1,360.3 1,282.6 1,305.8 1,310.6 4.8

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,528.0 1,248.7 1,258.4 1,255.2 1,527.8 1,239.7 1,255.0 1,255.4 0.4

Membership associations and organizations. . . 3,005.0 2,870.2 2,877.6 2,866.6 3,018.4 2,817.6 2,849.3 2,879.9 30.6

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,639 20,268 20,987 21,796 22,650 21,552 22,019 21,803 -216

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,859.0 2,929 3,172 3,133 2,857.0 2,912 3,162 3,128 -34

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,256.1 2,335.0 2,571.8 2,531.6 2,250.4 2,314.2 2,559.2 2,525.3 -33.9

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.1 593.6 599.8 601.3 606.2 598.2 602.5 602.3 -0.2

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,238.0 4,634 4,707 4,993 5,181.0 4,964 4,983 4,935 -48

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,538.5 1,924.7 2,000.4 2,297.6 2,483.2 2,269.8 2,288.9 2,239.5 -49.4

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,699.4 2,709.0 2,706.6 2,695.8 2,697.7 2,694.0 2,694.3 2,695.1 0.8

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,542.0 12,705 13,108 13,670 14,612.0 13,676 13,874 13,740 -134

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,967.5 6,347.9 6,749.0 7,400.0 8,027.0 7,549.2 7,687.8 7,456.7 -231.1

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,574.9 6,357.2 6,358.7 6,270.2 6,585.2 6,127.1 6,186.4 6,282.8 96.4

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.6 34.6 34.7

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.4 39.5 39.7 39.8

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.2 43.9 44.0 44.2

Construction....................................................................... 39.7 38.8 38.8 38.8

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.5 39.8 40.0 40.2

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.0 40.0 40.2 40.4

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.7 39.4 39.6 39.7

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.5 33.6 33.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.2 34.1 34.1 34.3

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.4 38.4 38.5

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.7 30.6 30.7 30.9

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.4 38.3 38.4 38.7

Utilities........................................................................... 42.1 42.6 43.3 42.7

Information......................................................................... 36.5 36.3 36.5 36.4

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.5 37.5 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.4 36.5 36.5

Education and health services.................................................. 33.0 33.4 33.4 33.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.9 25.5 25.7 26.0

Other services..................................................................... 31.8 32.2 32.2 32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.9

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.2 2.7 2.9 2.9

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Total private............................................... $28.16 $29.35 $29.45 $29.47 $968.70 $1,015.51 $1,018.97 $1,022.61

Goods-producing....................................... 29.18 30.05 30.16 30.11 1,178.87 1,186.98 1,197.35 1,198.38

Mining and logging.................................. 34.44 35.19 35.13 35.02 1,591.13 1,544.84 1,545.72 1,547.88

Construction.......................................... 30.87 31.74 31.83 31.83 1,225.54 1,231.51 1,235.00 1,235.00

Manufacturing........................................ 27.88 28.77 28.93 28.85 1,129.14 1,145.05 1,157.20 1,159.77

Durable goods.................................... 29.33 30.19 30.41 30.24 1,202.53 1,207.60 1,222.48 1,221.70

Nondurable goods................................ 25.34 26.37 26.44 26.50 1,006.00 1,038.98 1,047.02 1,052.05

Private service-providing.............................. 27.92 29.19 29.28 29.32 926.94 977.87 983.81 988.08

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 24.38 25.34 25.43 25.59 833.80 864.09 867.16 877.74

Wholesale trade.................................. 31.56 32.48 32.55 32.56 1,227.68 1,247.23 1,249.92 1,253.56

Retail trade........................................ 19.84 20.98 21.15 21.50 609.09 641.99 649.31 664.35

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.94 25.46 25.49 25.51 957.70 975.12 978.82 987.24

Utilities............................................. 41.75 43.53 44.05 44.02 1,757.68 1,854.38 1,907.37 1,879.65

Information........................................... 42.28 44.10 43.94 43.77 1,543.22 1,600.83 1,603.81 1,593.23

Financial activities................................... 36.03 37.73 38.05 38.17 1,354.73 1,414.88 1,426.88 1,435.19

Professional and business services.............. 33.94 35.04 35.18 35.26 1,225.23 1,275.46 1,284.07 1,286.99

Education and health services..................... 27.74 28.46 28.54 28.62 915.42 950.56 953.24 958.77

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.67 16.88 16.99 17.02 431.75 430.44 436.64 442.52

Other services....................................... 25.32 26.52 26.44 26.45 805.18 853.94 851.37 854.34

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2020 -

Sept.

2020p

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2020 -

Sept.

2020p

Total private..................................... 111.2 102.5 103.4 104.5 1.1 149.7 143.8 145.6 147.2 1.1

Goods-producing............................. 97.1 89.7 90.3 91.0 0.8 128.1 121.8 123.1 123.8 0.6

Mining and logging........................ 106.1 85.5 84.6 85.1 0.6 146.7 120.8 119.3 119.7 0.3

Construction................................ 103.0 96.3 96.6 96.9 0.3 138.1 132.8 133.5 134.0 0.4

Manufacturing.............................. 93.6 86.7 87.4 88.3 1.0 121.4 115.9 117.5 118.4 0.8

Durable goods........................... 93.1 85.1 85.7 86.6 1.1 121.3 114.2 115.7 116.3 0.5

Nondurable goods...................... 94.8 89.3 90.4 91.0 0.7 121.9 119.5 121.2 122.3 0.9

Private service-providing.................... 115.0 105.8 107.2 108.3 1.0 156.1 150.1 152.5 154.4 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 103.4 97.2 98.6 100.0 1.4 136.0 132.9 135.2 138.0 2.1

Wholesale trade......................... 101.5 94.7 94.9 95.5 0.6 133.9 128.7 129.2 130.0 0.6

Retail trade.............................. 97.4 91.9 93.8 95.3 1.6 127.7 127.4 131.1 135.4 3.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 124.2 114.8 116.9 119.5 2.2 157.6 148.7 151.6 155.1 2.3

Utilities.................................... 99.7 99.3 101.0 100.1 -0.9 137.6 142.8 147.0 145.6 -1.0

Information................................. 95.5 85.0 86.4 87.0 0.7 143.8 133.5 135.1 135.6 0.4

Financial activities......................... 108.1 105.9 106.2 107.0 0.8 151.9 155.9 157.7 159.3 1.0

Professional and business services..... 121.1 113.5 114.9 115.4 0.4 166.5 161.0 163.7 164.8 0.7

Education and health services........... 131.1 125.3 126.2 126.8 0.5 174.9 171.6 173.3 174.6 0.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 122.9 91.4 93.2 96.6 3.6 165.3 124.5 127.7 132.7 3.9

Other services............................. 108.3 99.1 100.4 101.4 1.0 150.3 144.1 145.5 147.0 1.0

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Total nonfarm............................................. 75,610 69,341 70,214 70,500 50.0 49.7 49.8 49.7

Total private............................................ 62,533 56,923 57,516 57,959 48.6 48.2 48.3 48.3

Goods-producing.................................... 4,734 4,493 4,528 4,544 22.4 22.5 22.7 22.6

Mining and logging............................... 99 92 92 91 13.5 14.8 15.0 14.8

Construction....................................... 974 958 965 966 12.9 13.3 13.4 13.3

Manufacturing..................................... 3,661 3,443 3,471 3,487 28.5 28.4 28.6 28.6

Durable goods.................................. 1,945 1,834 1,849 1,858 24.1 24.3 24.4 24.4

Nondurable goods............................. 1,716 1,609 1,622 1,629 35.9 35.4 35.5 35.5

Private service-providing........................... 57,799 52,430 52,988 53,415 53.7 53.4 53.5 53.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,099 10,225 10,399 10,545 40.1 39.1 39.3 39.5

Wholesale trade................................ 1,782.0 1,673.8 1,680.5 1,680.5 30.1 29.9 30.0 29.9

Retail trade..................................... 7,740.9 7,161.9 7,305.8 7,398.0 49.5 48.4 48.6 48.7

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,444.1 1,257.0 1,280.7 1,331.6 25.7 24.1 24.2 24.8

Utilities........................................... 131.7 132.2 131.8 135.2 24.1 24.5 24.5 25.0

Information......................................... 1,140 1,023 1,038 1,047 39.8 39.9 40.1 40.0

Financial activities................................ 4,963 4,868 4,884 4,897 56.6 56.5 56.5 56.4

Professional and business services............ 9,787 9,095 9,210 9,242 45.7 45.7 45.9 45.8

Education and health services.................. 18,809 17,712 17,842 17,901 77.3 77.1 77.1 77.2

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,849 6,697 6,770 6,918 53.2 53.3 53.3 53.1

Other services..................................... 3,152 2,810 2,845 2,865 53.4 52.6 52.6 52.6

Government............................................. 13,077 12,418 12,698 12,541 57.7 57.6 57.7 57.5

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Total private............................................................................... 105,885 95,830 96,754 97,557

Goods-producing....................................................................... 15,107 14,139 14,148 14,195

Mining and logging.................................................................. 532 434 432 428

Construction.......................................................................... 5,607 5,297 5,312 5,329

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,968 8,408 8,404 8,438

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,547 5,142 5,128 5,154

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,421 3,266 3,276 3,284

Private service-providing.............................................................. 90,778 81,691 82,606 83,362

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,448 21,976 22,327 22,557

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,741.9 4,437.3 4,456.4 4,469.1

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,340.7 12,601.1 12,849.3 12,986.5

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,925.3 4,509.7 4,594.4 4,672.3

Utilities.............................................................................. 439.7 428.1 426.5 428.6

Information............................................................................ 2,306 2,041 2,049 2,067

Financial activities................................................................... 6,782 6,567 6,575 6,592

Professional and business services............................................... 17,387 15,884 16,085 16,200

Education and health services..................................................... 21,359 20,105 20,264 20,305

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,611 10,779 10,919 11,210

Other services........................................................................ 4,885 4,339 4,387 4,431

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 34.0 34.0 34.1

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.2 40.3 40.5 40.5

Mining and logging................................................................ 47.1 44.1 44.6 44.8

Construction....................................................................... 40.1 39.3 39.3 39.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.5 40.7 41.0 41.0

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.9 41.0 41.3 41.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.9 40.3 40.7 40.7

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.3 32.9 32.9 33.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.8 34.2 34.0 34.1

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.7 38.1 38.1 38.3

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.3 30.9 30.8 30.8

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 37.9 38.6 38.3 38.4

Utilities........................................................................... 42.2 42.6 43.0 43.2

Information......................................................................... 35.5 35.8 36.8 36.2

Financial activities................................................................ 36.9 37.1 36.8 37.2

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.8 35.9 35.9

Education and health services.................................................. 32.1 32.6 32.7 32.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.6 24.0 24.4 24.7

Other services..................................................................... 30.8 31.3 31.2 31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.6

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.6

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.7

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Total private............................................... $23.70 $24.64 $24.78 $24.79 $796.32 $837.76 $842.52 $845.34

Goods-producing....................................... 24.90 25.44 25.47 25.42 1,025.88 1,025.23 1,031.54 1,029.51

Mining and logging.................................. 30.52 30.59 30.56 30.21 1,437.49 1,349.02 1,362.98 1,353.41

Construction.......................................... 28.63 29.30 29.40 29.07 1,148.06 1,151.49 1,155.42 1,142.45

Manufacturing........................................ 22.26 22.81 22.81 22.94 923.79 928.37 935.21 940.54

Durable goods.................................... 23.19 23.79 23.79 23.91 971.66 975.39 982.53 985.09

Nondurable goods................................ 20.73 21.24 21.24 21.39 847.86 855.97 864.47 870.57

Private service-providing.............................. 23.44 24.47 24.64 24.66 757.11 805.06 810.66 813.78

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 20.76 21.32 21.63 21.63 701.69 729.14 735.42 737.58

Wholesale trade.................................. 26.20 26.90 26.99 26.96 1,013.94 1,024.89 1,028.32 1,032.57

Retail trade........................................ 16.74 17.50 17.80 17.85 507.22 540.75 548.24 549.78

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.52 22.61 23.28 23.18 853.51 872.75 891.62 890.11

Utilities............................................. 36.93 38.64 39.03 38.83 1,558.45 1,646.06 1,678.29 1,677.46

Information........................................... 34.42 35.87 35.88 35.69 1,221.91 1,284.15 1,320.38 1,291.98

Financial activities................................... 27.81 29.15 29.35 29.51 1,026.19 1,081.47 1,080.08 1,097.77

Professional and business services.............. 28.06 29.23 29.41 29.45 993.32 1,046.43 1,055.82 1,057.26

Education and health services..................... 24.54 25.28 25.39 25.52 787.73 824.13 830.25 834.50

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.63 14.54 14.68 14.78 359.90 348.96 358.19 365.07

Other services....................................... 21.50 22.41 22.39 22.44 662.20 701.43 698.57 702.37

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2020 -

Sept.

2020p

Sept.

2019

July

2020

Aug.

2020p

Sept.

2020p

Percent

change

from:

Aug.

2020 -

Sept.

2020p

Total private..................................... 118.6 108.6 109.6 110.9 1.2 187.8 178.8 181.6 183.7 1.2

Goods-producing............................. 95.1 87.1 87.6 87.9 0.3 145.0 135.6 136.6 136.8 0.1

Mining and logging........................ 133.2 101.7 102.4 101.9 -0.5 236.3 180.9 182.0 179.0 -1.6

Construction................................ 112.6 104.2 104.5 104.9 0.4 174.0 164.9 165.9 164.6 -0.8

Manufacturing.............................. 85.4 78.6 79.1 79.4 0.4 124.4 117.2 118.0 119.1 0.9

Durable goods........................... 87.3 79.2 79.6 79.8 0.3 126.4 117.7 118.2 119.1 0.8

Nondurable goods...................... 82.4 77.5 78.6 78.8 0.3 120.8 116.4 117.9 119.0 0.9

Private service-providing.................... 124.9 114.5 115.8 117.2 1.2 200.9 192.2 195.7 198.3 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 110.8 105.1 106.2 107.6 1.3 164.4 160.1 164.1 166.3 1.3

Wholesale trade......................... 108.9 100.3 100.8 101.6 0.8 168.4 159.3 160.5 161.6 0.7

Retail trade.............................. 102.3 98.5 100.2 101.2 1.0 146.7 147.8 152.8 154.8 1.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 141.3 131.7 133.2 135.8 2.0 202.5 189.6 197.3 200.3 1.5

Utilities.................................... 94.9 93.3 93.8 94.7 1.0 146.3 150.4 152.8 153.5 0.5

Information................................. 93.4 83.4 86.1 85.4 -0.8 159.2 148.1 152.9 150.9 -1.3

Financial activities......................... 117.8 114.7 113.9 115.4 1.3 201.5 205.6 205.6 209.5 1.9

Professional and business services..... 137.6 127.1 129.1 130.0 0.7 229.6 221.0 225.8 227.7 0.8

Education and health services........... 146.2 139.7 141.3 141.6 0.2 236.8 233.2 236.8 238.5 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 131.7 94.8 97.6 101.4 3.9 218.7 156.5 162.7 170.2 4.6

Other services............................. 105.5 95.2 96.0 97.3 1.4 165.3 155.5 156.6 159.0 1.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.