Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-13-0785 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 3, 2013 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — APRIL 2013 

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 165,000 in April, and the unemployment rate was little 

changed at 7.5 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment increased in 

professional and business services, food services and drinking places, retail trade, and health care. 

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Jan-12 Apr-12 Jul-12 Oct-12 Jan-13 Apr-13

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, April 2011 – April 2013

Percent

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Jan-12 Apr-12 Jul-12 Oct-12 Jan-13 Apr-13

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

April 2011 – April 2013

Household Survey Data 

The unemployment rate, at 7.5 percent, changed little in April but has declined by 0.4 percentage point 

since January. The number of unemployed persons, at 11.7 million, was also little changed over the 

month; however, unemployment has decreased by 673,000 since January. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult women (6.7 percent) declined in 

April, while the rates for adult men (7.1 percent), teenagers (24.1 percent), whites (6.7 percent), blacks 

(13.2 percent), and Hispanics (9.0 percent) showed little or no change. The jobless rate for Asians was 

5.1 percent (not seasonally adjusted), little changed from a year earlier. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

In April, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) declined by 

258,000 to 4.4 million; their share of the unemployed declined by 2.2 percentage points to 37.4 percent. 
- 2 - 

Over the past 12 months, the number of long-term unemployed has decreased by 687,000, and their 

share has declined by 3.1 percentage points. (See table A-12.) 

The civilian labor force participation rate was 63.3 percent in April, unchanged over the month but 

down from 63.6 percent in January. The employment-population ratio, 58.6 percent, was about 

unchanged over the month and has shown little movement, on net, over the past year. (See table A-1.) 

In April, the number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) increased by 278,000 to 7.9 million, largely offsetting a decrease in 

March. These individuals were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they 

were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.) 

In April, 2.3 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, essentially unchanged from 

a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, 

wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They 

were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the 

survey. (See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 835,000 discouraged workers in April, down by 133,000 

from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.5 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work in the 4 weeks 

preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 165,000 in April, with job gains in professional and 

business services, food services and drinking places, retail trade, and health care. Over the prior 12 

months, employment growth averaged 169,000 per month. (See table B-1.) 

Professional and business services added 73,000 jobs in April and has added 587,000 jobs over the 

past year. In April, employment rose in temporary help services (+31,000), professional and technical 

services (+23,000), and management of companies (+7,000). 

Within leisure and hospitality, employment in food services and drinking places rose by 38,000 over 

the month. Job growth in the food services industry averaged 25,000 per month over the prior 12 

months. 

Retail trade employment increased by 29,000 in April. The industry added an average of 21,000 jobs 

per month over the prior 12 months. In April, job growth occurred in general merchandise stores 

(+15,000) and in health and personal care stores (+5,000). 

Health care added 19,000 jobs in April. Within the industry, employment rose in ambulatory health 

care services (+14,000). Over the prior 12 months, job growth in health care averaged 24,000 per month. 

In April, employment also continued its upward trend in social assistance (+7,000). 

Employment changed little over the month in construction, with small offsetting movements in the 

residential and nonresidential components. Construction gained an average of 27,000 jobs per month 

over the prior 6 months. Manufacturing employment was unchanged in April. 
- 3 - 

Employment in other major industries, including mining and logging, wholesale trade, transportation 

and warehousing, financial activities, and government, showed little change over the month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.2 hour in April 

to 34.4 hours. Within manufacturing, the workweek decreased by 0.1 hour to 40.7 hours, and overtime 

declined by 0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory 

employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 4 cents to 

$23.87. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 45 cents, or 1.9 percent. In April, average 

hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees edged up by 2 cents to 

$20.06. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised from +268,000 to +332,000, 

and the change for March was revised from +88,000 to +138,000. With these revisions, employment 

gains in February and March combined were 114,000 higher than previously reported. 

The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 7, 2013, at 8:30 

a.m. (EDT). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

Change from:

Mar. 2013-

Apr. 2013

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population............................................ 242,784 244,828 244,995 245,175 180

Civilian labor force............................................................ 154,451 155,524 155,028 155,238 210

Participation rate........................................................... 63.6 63.5 63.3 63.3 0.0

Employed.................................................................... 141,934 143,492 143,286 143,579 293

Employment-population ratio........................................... 58.5 58.6 58.5 58.6 0.1

Unemployed................................................................. 12,518 12,032 11,742 11,659 -83

Unemployment rate..................................................... 8.1 7.7 7.6 7.5 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................. 88,332 89,304 89,967 89,936 -31

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over....................................................... 8.1 7.7 7.6 7.5 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over).............................................. 7.5 7.1 6.9 7.1 0.2

Adult women (20 years and over).......................................... 7.4 7.0 7.0 6.7 -0.3

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................. 24.9 25.1 24.2 24.1 -0.1

White........................................................................... 7.4 6.8 6.7 6.7 0.0

Black or African American................................................... 13.1 13.8 13.3 13.2 -0.1

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................. 5.2 6.1 5.0 5.1 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................................. 10.3 9.6 9.2 9.0 -0.2

Total, 25 years and over....................................................... 6.8 6.3 6.2 6.1 -0.1

Less than a high school diploma........................................... 12.5 11.2 11.1 11.6 0.5

High school graduates, no college......................................... 7.9 7.9 7.6 7.4 -0.2

Some college or associate degree......................................... 7.5 6.7 6.4 6.4 0.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................... 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.9 0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs................... 6,880 6,522 6,329 6,410 81

Job leavers....................................................................... 989 956 986 864 -122

Reentrants........................................................................ 3,336 3,340 3,176 3,151 -25

New entrants..................................................................... 1,362 1,279 1,316 1,280 -36

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks.............................................................. 2,567 2,667 2,464 2,474 10

5 to 14 weeks.................................................................... 2,841 2,782 2,838 2,848 10

15 to 26 weeks.................................................................. 1,984 1,695 1,737 1,967 230

27 weeks and over.............................................................. 5,040 4,797 4,611 4,353 -258

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons............................................... 7,896 7,988 7,638 7,916 278

Slack work or business conditions.......................................... 5,210 5,136 4,906 5,129 223

Could only find part-time work.............................................. 2,393 2,578 2,576 2,527 -49

Part time for noneconomic reasons........................................... 18,868 18,908 18,745 18,908 163

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force........................................ 2,363 2,588 2,326 2,347 –

Discouraged workers......................................................... 968 885 803 835 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 332 138 165

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 319 154 176

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 75 15 -9

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 4 0 -3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 48 13 -6

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 23 2 0

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 12 7 1

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 6.4 4.1 2.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 11 -5 -1

Private service-providing1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 244 139 185

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 4.7 2.9 4.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.4 25.8 -3.9 29.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -15.1 -5.3 -6.7 4.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 18 2 -9

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 15 5 9

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 93 64 73

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.7 27.5 25.5 30.8

Education and health services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 31 46 28

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.7 37.0 26.5 26.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 63 38 43

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 -1 -8 4

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -8 13 -16 -11

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 49.3 49.3 49.3

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.8 47.8 47.8 47.9

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.6 82.6 82.6 82.6

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.5 34.6 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 23.42 $ 23.82 $ 23.83 $ 23.87

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $807.99 $821.79 $824.52 $821.13

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.3 97.9 98.3 97.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.5 0.4 -0.4

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.6 111.2 111.7 111.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.7 0.4 -0.2

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.7

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 19.72 $ 20.03 $ 20.04 $ 20.06

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $664.56 $677.01 $677.35 $676.02

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.6 105.6 105.7 105.5

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.9 0.1 -0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.4 141.2 141.4 141.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 1.1 0.1 -0.1

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (266 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 61.7 56.2 53.9

Manufacturing (81 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.9 56.8 51.9 44.4

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing

industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance

between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. 

Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on 

employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay 

for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, 

but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be 

off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such 

as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have 

to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Slightly more than 20 percent of all employees 

in the payroll survey sample have a weekly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of 

the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to 

quantify the effect of extreme weather on estimates of over-the-month change in employment. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of 

the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours. Current and historical 

data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgibin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey 

(CES; establishment survey). The household survey 

provides information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 

60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census 

Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 557,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes 

approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that 

contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment 

survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 

12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 

calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and 

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information 

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are 

counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are 

produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and 

logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing 

industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unicorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 

years of age and older. The establishment survey is 

not limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, 

and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the 

participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For 

example, in the household survey, the large number of 

youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure 

any other changes that have taken place relative to May, 

making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the 

establishment survey, payroll employment in education 

declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term 

and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the 

underlying employment trends in the industry. Because 

seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of 

the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be 

adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more 

discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more 

useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-tomonth economic activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, 

such as total payroll employment, employment in most 

major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived 

by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex 

components; this differs from the unemployment estimate 

that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by 

combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age 

categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 

error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the 

establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 

90,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment 

increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-

percent confidence interval on the monthly change would 

range from -40,000 to +140,000 (50,000 +/- 90,000). These 

figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these 

magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent 

chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this 

interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, 

we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment 

had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported 

nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the 

values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be 

greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-

percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen 

that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, 

the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change 

in unemployment as measured by the household survey is 

about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the 

unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, 

such as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely 

basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in 

the collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates 

for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete 

returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled 

preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive 

revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample 

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered 

final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 
account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment 

gains from business births. This is incorporated into the 

sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting 

sample units going out of business, but imputing to them 

the same employment trend as the other firms in the 

sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net 

birth/death employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series 

model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death 

employment not accounted for by the imputation. The 

historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual 

residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough 

proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also 

incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over 

the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total 

nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a 

range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242,784 244,995 245,175 242,784 244,350 244,663 244,828 244,995 245,175

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,905 154,512 154,739 154,451 155,511 155,654 155,524 155,028 155,238

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 63.1 63.1 63.6 63.6 63.6 63.5 63.3 63.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,995 142,698 143,724 141,934 143,305 143,322 143,492 143,286 143,579

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.2 58.6 58.5 58.6 58.6 58.6 58.5 58.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,910 11,815 11,014 12,518 12,206 12,332 12,032 11,742 11,659

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.6 7.1 8.1 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,879 90,483 90,436 88,332 88,839 89,008 89,304 89,967 89,936

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,328 6,399 6,329 6,387 6,750 6,631 6,821 6,722 6,413

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,081 118,204 118,296 117,081 117,902 118,033 118,117 118,204 118,296

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,629 82,133 82,201 82,064 82,545 82,940 82,823 82,584 82,621

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.7 69.5 69.5 70.1 70.0 70.3 70.1 69.9 69.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,074 75,521 76,029 75,301 76,060 76,290 76,375 76,329 76,239

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 63.9 64.3 64.3 64.5 64.6 64.7 64.6 64.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,555 6,611 6,172 6,762 6,486 6,650 6,447 6,255 6,382

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 8.0 7.5 8.2 7.9 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,452 36,071 36,095 35,017 35,357 35,093 35,295 35,619 35,675

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,396 109,635 109,736 108,396 109,308 109,448 109,541 109,635 109,736

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,839 79,529 79,551 79,103 79,695 80,016 79,910 79,747 79,803

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.7 72.5 72.5 73.0 72.9 73.1 72.9 72.7 72.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,010 73,588 74,042 73,145 73,949 74,139 74,249 74,228 74,159

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4 67.1 67.5 67.5 67.7 67.7 67.8 67.7 67.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,829 5,941 5,509 5,958 5,746 5,877 5,661 5,519 5,644

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 7.5 6.9 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.1 6.9 7.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,557 30,107 30,184 29,292 29,613 29,432 29,631 29,888 29,933

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,703 126,791 126,878 125,703 126,447 126,630 126,710 126,791 126,878

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,276 72,379 72,538 72,387 72,965 72,715 72,701 72,443 72,617

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 57.1 57.2 57.6 57.7 57.4 57.4 57.1 57.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,921 67,176 67,695 66,632 67,245 67,032 67,116 66,956 67,340

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.2 53.0 53.4 53.0 53.2 52.9 53.0 52.8 53.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,355 5,203 4,843 5,755 5,721 5,682 5,585 5,487 5,277

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 7.2 6.7 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,427 54,412 54,340 53,315 53,482 53,916 54,009 54,348 54,261

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,353 118,520 118,612 117,353 118,170 118,348 118,433 118,520 118,612

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,643 69,675 69,833 69,580 70,059 69,749 69,772 69,544 69,744

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.3 58.8 58.9 59.3 59.3 58.9 58.9 58.7 58.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,822 65,038 65,533 64,454 64,954 64,675 64,867 64,707 65,101

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 54.9 55.3 54.9 55.0 54.6 54.8 54.6 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,820 4,637 4,300 5,126 5,105 5,074 4,905 4,837 4,642

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 6.7 6.2 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.0 7.0 6.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,711 48,845 48,778 47,774 48,111 48,599 48,661 48,976 48,868

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,034 16,840 16,827 17,034 16,871 16,867 16,854 16,840 16,827

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,423 5,309 5,355 5,768 5,756 5,889 5,842 5,737 5,692

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.8 31.5 31.8 33.9 34.1 34.9 34.7 34.1 33.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,163 4,072 4,149 4,334 4,402 4,508 4,376 4,351 4,320

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 24.2 24.7 25.4 26.1 26.7 26.0 25.8 25.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,260 1,237 1,206 1,434 1,355 1,381 1,466 1,386 1,372

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 23.3 22.5 24.9 23.5 23.4 25.1 24.2 24.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,611 11,531 11,473 11,266 11,115 10,978 11,012 11,103 11,135

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192,893 193,946 194,041 192,893 193,849 193,776 193,859 193,946 194,041

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,997 122,809 123,048 123,585 123,774 123,971 123,626 123,382 123,504

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 63.3 63.4 64.1 63.9 64.0 63.8 63.6 63.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,313 114,354 115,231 114,438 115,289 115,266 115,250 115,080 115,266

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.3 59.0 59.4 59.3 59.5 59.5 59.5 59.3 59.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,684 8,454 7,817 9,147 8,485 8,705 8,376 8,302 8,238

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 6.9 6.4 7.4 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,896 71,138 70,993 69,308 70,076 69,805 70,233 70,565 70,537

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,212 64,253 64,441 64,451 64,646 64,924 64,720 64,549 64,674

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 72.8 73.0 73.6 73.3 73.7 73.4 73.1 73.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,975 59,974 60,450 60,054 60,609 60,652 60,659 60,594 60,540

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 68.0 68.5 68.6 68.7 68.8 68.8 68.7 68.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,237 4,280 3,992 4,396 4,037 4,272 4,061 3,955 4,135

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 6.7 6.2 6.8 6.2 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,421 54,291 54,300 54,470 54,452 54,318 54,224 54,255 54,221

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.8 58.3 58.3 58.8 58.5 58.4 58.2 58.2 58.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,919 51,077 51,374 50,777 51,015 50,869 50,946 50,940 51,123

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.0 54.8 55.1 54.8 54.8 54.7 54.7 54.7 54.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,502 3,214 2,926 3,693 3,437 3,450 3,278 3,315 3,098

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 5.9 5.4 6.8 6.3 6.4 6.0 6.1 5.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,365 4,264 4,307 4,665 4,676 4,729 4,682 4,578 4,608

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.0 34.4 36.8 37.2 37.7 37.3 36.5 36.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,419 3,304 3,408 3,607 3,665 3,746 3,645 3,546 3,603

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.9 26.4 27.2 28.4 29.1 29.8 29.1 28.3 28.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946 960 899 1,057 1,011 983 1,037 1,032 1,005

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 22.5 20.9 22.7 21.6 20.8 22.1 22.5 21.8

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,824 30,255 30,290 29,824 30,093 30,190 30,223 30,255 30,290

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,227 18,461 18,532 18,298 18,403 18,641 18,639 18,524 18,617

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1 61.0 61.2 61.4 61.2 61.7 61.7 61.2 61.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,940 16,090 16,240 15,910 15,827 16,073 16,059 16,068 16,167

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.4 53.2 53.6 53.3 52.6 53.2 53.1 53.1 53.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,286 2,371 2,292 2,388 2,577 2,568 2,580 2,456 2,450

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 12.8 12.4 13.1 14.0 13.8 13.8 13.3 13.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,597 11,794 11,758 11,526 11,690 11,549 11,583 11,731 11,673

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,133 8,447 8,326 8,166 8,298 8,382 8,437 8,447 8,377

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.0 68.1 67.0 67.3 67.4 67.8 68.2 68.1 67.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,018 7,322 7,287 7,049 7,134 7,262 7,352 7,370 7,319

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.8 59.1 58.7 58.1 58.0 58.8 59.4 59.4 58.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,114 1,125 1,039 1,118 1,164 1,120 1,085 1,077 1,058

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 13.3 12.5 13.7 14.0 13.4 12.9 12.7 12.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,459 9,344 9,543 9,454 9,454 9,545 9,491 9,365 9,529

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 61.2 62.4 62.9 62.2 62.7 62.2 61.3 62.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,503 8,305 8,531 8,440 8,305 8,367 8,302 8,226 8,425

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.6 54.4 55.8 56.2 54.7 54.9 54.4 53.9 55.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 956 1,039 1,012 1,013 1,149 1,178 1,189 1,139 1,105

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 11.1 10.6 10.7 12.2 12.3 12.5 12.2 11.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635 670 663 679 651 714 711 713 711

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.9 25.9 25.7 25.5 25.1 27.5 27.4 27.6 27.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 463 422 421 387 444 404 472 423

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.7 17.9 16.3 15.8 14.9 17.1 15.6 18.2 16.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 207 241 257 264 270 307 241 287

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 30.9 36.4 37.9 40.5 37.8 43.1 33.8 40.5

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,774 13,223 13,244 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,965 8,524 8,456 – – – – – –

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 64.5 63.9 – – – – – –

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,553 8,101 8,025 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.1 61.3 60.6 – – – – – –

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 423 431 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.0 5.1 – – – – – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,809 4,699 4,788 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population.................. 36,546 37,242 37,320 36,546 37,231 37,094 37,169 37,242 37,320

Civilian labor force................................. 24,201 24,282 24,475 24,248 24,539 24,572 24,563 24,354 24,512

Participation rate................................. 66.2 65.2 65.6 66.3 65.9 66.2 66.1 65.4 65.7

Employed......................................... 21,839 21,986 22,412 21,749 22,195 22,199 22,215 22,122 22,310

Employment-population ratio................ 59.8 59.0 60.1 59.5 59.6 59.8 59.8 59.4 59.8

Unemployed...................................... 2,362 2,295 2,063 2,499 2,344 2,373 2,348 2,232 2,202

Unemployment rate........................... 9.8 9.5 8.4 10.3 9.6 9.7 9.6 9.2 9.0

Not in labor force................................... 12,345 12,960 12,845 12,298 12,692 12,522 12,606 12,888 12,808

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 13,284 13,518 13,640 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 80.8 80.5 81.1 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 12,146 12,407 12,602 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 73.9 73.9 74.9 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 1,138 1,111 1,037 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 8.6 8.2 7.6 – – – – – –

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 9,826 9,805 9,796 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 59.7 58.3 58.2 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 8,886 8,890 9,062 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 54.0 52.9 53.8 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 939 915 734 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 9.6 9.3 7.5 – – – – – –

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................. 1,092 959 1,039 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 29.9 26.3 28.5 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 807 690 748 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 22.1 18.9 20.5 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 285 269 291 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 26.1 28.1 28.0 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................... 11,490 11,137 11,072 11,379 11,120 11,125 11,256 11,264 10,999

Participation rate.................................... 45.7 45.5 45.1 45.3 45.1 45.5 47.2 46.0 44.8

Employed............................................ 10,069 9,803 9,810 9,952 9,821 9,784 9,999 10,012 9,725

Employment-population ratio................... 40.1 40.0 39.9 39.6 39.8 40.0 41.9 40.9 39.6

Unemployed......................................... 1,421 1,334 1,262 1,428 1,298 1,341 1,257 1,252 1,274

Unemployment rate.............................. 12.4 12.0 11.4 12.5 11.7 12.0 11.2 11.1 11.6

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................... 36,812 36,090 36,224 36,740 36,663 36,557 36,143 36,121 36,200

Participation rate.................................... 59.3 58.5 58.7 59.2 59.1 58.7 58.1 58.6 58.7

Employed............................................ 33,959 33,088 33,614 33,825 33,713 33,585 33,289 33,359 33,510

Employment-population ratio................... 54.7 53.7 54.5 54.5 54.3 54.0 53.6 54.1 54.3

Unemployed......................................... 2,852 3,003 2,610 2,915 2,950 2,972 2,854 2,762 2,689

Unemployment rate.............................. 7.7 8.3 7.2 7.9 8.0 8.1 7.9 7.6 7.4

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................... 36,966 37,193 37,058 37,248 37,397 37,201 37,291 37,232 37,371

Participation rate.................................... 68.6 68.1 67.8 69.1 68.7 68.3 68.0 68.1 68.4

Employed............................................ 34,270 34,813 34,820 34,437 34,831 34,587 34,776 34,845 34,992

Employment-population ratio................... 63.6 63.7 63.7 63.9 64.0 63.5 63.5 63.8 64.1

Unemployed......................................... 2,696 2,380 2,238 2,812 2,566 2,614 2,515 2,387 2,379

Unemployment rate.............................. 7.3 6.4 6.0 7.5 6.9 7.0 6.7 6.4 6.4

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................... 48,075 49,560 49,663 47,988 48,859 48,991 49,436 49,236 49,492

Participation rate.................................... 76.4 75.8 75.9 76.2 75.9 75.8 75.9 75.3 75.6

Employed............................................ 46,310 47,723 47,888 46,065 46,954 47,172 47,555 47,371 47,563

Employment-population ratio................... 73.6 73.0 73.2 73.2 72.9 72.9 73.0 72.5 72.7

Unemployed......................................... 1,765 1,837 1,775 1,923 1,905 1,819 1,881 1,865 1,929

Unemployment rate.............................. 3.7 3.7 3.6 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2013

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,256 21,467 19,444 19,247 1,812 2,220

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,114 11,185 9,994 9,766 1,120 1,420

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.3 52.1 51.4 50.7 61.8 63.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,329 10,492 9,266 9,139 1,063 1,353

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.6 48.9 47.7 47.5 58.7 61.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785 693 729 627 57 66

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 6.2 7.3 6.4 5.0 4.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,142 10,282 9,450 9,481 692 800

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,701 2,804 2,214 2,245 487 558

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,127 2,256 1,814 1,874 314 381

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.8 80.5 81.9 83.5 64.3 68.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,932 2,086 1,650 1,732 283 354

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.5 74.4 74.5 77.1 58.0 63.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 170 164 143 31 27

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 7.5 9.0 7.6 9.9 7.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 548 400 371 174 177

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,950 3,425 2,471 2,738 478 687

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,479 2,850 2,114 2,337 366 513

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.1 83.2 85.5 85.4 76.5 74.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,351 2,693 1,994 2,198 357 495

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.7 78.6 80.7 80.3 74.6 72.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 157 120 139 9 18

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.5 5.7 5.9 2.4 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 575 358 401 112 174

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,949 9,916 9,627 9,538 322 378

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,293 3,135 3,170 3,009 122 126

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 31.6 32.9 31.5 38.1 33.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,072 2,915 2,956 2,799 116 116

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.9 29.4 30.7 29.3 36.0 30.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 220 215 210 7 10

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 7.0 6.8 7.0 5.3 8.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,656 6,781 6,457 6,529 199 252

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,656 5,322 5,131 4,726 525 596

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,214 2,944 2,897 2,545 318 399

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 55.3 56.4 53.9 60.6 66.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,974 2,798 2,666 2,409 308 389

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.6 52.6 52.0 51.0 58.7 65.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 146 230 136 10 10

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 5.0 8.0 5.3 3.1 2.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,441 2,378 2,235 2,181 207 197

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212,630 214,659 93,088 94,424 119,542 120,236

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,057 141,712 70,766 71,577 70,291 70,134

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 66.0 76.0 75.8 58.8 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,362 131,871 65,175 66,284 65,187 65,588

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 61.4 70.0 70.2 54.5 54.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,695 9,840 5,591 5,293 5,104 4,547

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 6.9 7.9 7.4 7.3 6.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,572 72,948 22,321 22,847 49,251 50,101

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time

periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and

another period are classified only in the wartime period. Beginning with data for January 2013, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from the updated

Department of Veterans Affairs’ population model.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2013

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population....................................................... 28,209 28,908 214,574 216,267

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 5,736 5,985 148,169 148,754

Participation rate...................................................................... 20.3 20.7 69.1 68.8

Employed.............................................................................. 5,021 5,215 136,974 138,509

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 17.8 18.0 63.8 64.0

Unemployed........................................................................... 715 770 11,195 10,245

Unemployment rate................................................................ 12.5 12.9 7.6 6.9

Not in labor force........................................................................ 22,473 22,922 66,406 67,513

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,488 2,680 74,867 75,010

Participation rate...................................................................... 33.4 35.0 81.9 81.9

Employed.............................................................................. 2,163 2,312 68,876 69,465

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 29.1 30.2 75.4 75.8

Unemployed........................................................................... 325 367 5,991 5,545

Unemployment rate................................................................ 13.1 13.7 8.0 7.4

Not in labor force........................................................................ 4,951 4,966 16,541 16,614

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,296 2,281 66,573 66,597

Participation rate...................................................................... 29.1 28.7 70.4 70.2

Employed.............................................................................. 1,964 1,943 61,761 62,273

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 24.9 24.5 65.3 65.6

Unemployed........................................................................... 332 338 4,811 4,325

Unemployment rate................................................................ 14.5 14.8 7.2 6.5

Not in labor force........................................................................ 5,592 5,659 27,996 28,297

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 952 1,024 6,729 7,147

Participation rate...................................................................... 7.4 7.7 23.5 24.0

Employed.............................................................................. 894 960 6,337 6,771

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 6.9 7.2 22.2 22.8

Unemployed........................................................................... 58 64 393 375

Unemployment rate................................................................ 6.1 6.3 5.8 5.3

Not in labor force........................................................................ 11,930 12,297 21,869 22,602

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing

even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;

has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or

shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2013

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 37,215 37,842 18,249 18,500 18,966 19,342

Civilian labor force................................................... 24,460 24,982 14,220 14,572 10,241 10,410

Participation rate................................................... 65.7 66.0 77.9 78.8 54.0 53.8

Employed........................................................... 22,619 23,292 13,233 13,636 9,386 9,656

Employment-population ratio.................................. 60.8 61.6 72.5 73.7 49.5 49.9

Unemployed........................................................ 1,842 1,690 986 936 855 754

Unemployment rate............................................. 7.5 6.8 6.9 6.4 8.3 7.2

Not in labor force..................................................... 12,755 12,860 4,030 3,929 8,725 8,932

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 205,569 207,332 98,831 99,796 106,737 107,537

Civilian labor force................................................... 129,444 129,757 67,409 67,629 62,035 62,128

Participation rate................................................... 63.0 62.6 68.2 67.8 58.1 57.8

Employed........................................................... 119,376 120,432 61,840 62,393 57,535 58,039

Employment-population ratio.................................. 58.1 58.1 62.6 62.5 53.9 54.0

Unemployed........................................................ 10,068 9,325 5,569 5,236 4,500 4,089

Unemployment rate............................................. 7.8 7.2 8.3 7.7 7.3 6.6

Not in labor force..................................................... 76,124 77,575 31,422 32,167 44,702 45,409

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or

one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the

United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................... 2,107 1,904 1,951 2,166 2,088 2,057 2,065 2,001 2,017

Wage and salary workers1

....................... 1,282 1,162 1,144 1,355 1,295 1,245 1,258 1,250 1,227

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 798 700 783 789 747 775 792 710 772

Unpaid family workers............................. 26 42 23 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries............................ 139,888 140,793 141,774 139,734 141,190 141,255 141,415 141,317 141,592

Wage and salary workers1

....................... 131,257 132,417 133,065 131,104 132,113 132,445 132,694 132,761 132,847

Government...................................... 20,356 20,965 20,635 19,957 20,686 20,696 20,571 20,633 20,269

Private industries................................ 110,901 111,452 112,429 111,166 111,406 111,746 112,141 112,147 112,558

Private households............................ 724 659 617 – – – – – –

Other industries............................... 110,176 110,792 111,813 110,427 110,632 110,873 111,411 111,462 111,932

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 8,558 8,264 8,632 8,557 8,935 8,746 8,686 8,407 8,651

Unpaid family workers............................. 72 113 77 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

................... 7,694 7,734 7,709 7,896 7,918 7,973 7,988 7,638 7,916

Slack work or business conditions............... 4,997 4,857 4,920 5,210 4,928 5,126 5,136 4,906 5,129

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,467 2,578 2,530 2,393 2,616 2,630 2,578 2,576 2,527

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,443 19,262 19,829 18,868 18,763 18,464 18,908 18,745 18,908

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

................... 7,581 7,598 7,590 7,770 7,812 7,867 7,865 7,544 7,793

Slack work or business conditions............... 4,909 4,771 4,845 5,116 4,887 5,047 5,045 4,832 5,058

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,456 2,563 2,513 2,347 2,583 2,610 2,542 2,510 2,454

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 19,097 18,949 19,494 18,475 18,469 18,182 18,549 18,435 18,542

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the

entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,

inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,

retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during

the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,995 142,698 143,724 141,934 143,305 143,322 143,492 143,286 143,579

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,163 4,072 4,149 4,334 4,402 4,508 4,376 4,351 4,320

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,304 1,298 1,361 1,429 1,405 1,453 1,520 1,482 1,490

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,859 2,774 2,787 2,889 2,985 3,048 2,866 2,868 2,834

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,832 138,626 139,576 137,599 138,903 138,814 139,116 138,935 139,260

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,224 13,199 13,444 13,339 13,570 13,471 13,527 13,382 13,569

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,608 125,426 126,132 124,209 125,406 125,311 125,604 125,615 125,678

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,307 94,044 94,591 94,143 94,253 94,147 94,387 94,409 94,393

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,750 30,983 31,185 30,706 31,115 31,137 31,152 31,180 31,133

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,640 30,577 30,749 30,550 30,524 30,480 30,521 30,620 30,637

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,917 32,484 32,658 32,886 32,614 32,531 32,714 32,610 32,623

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,300 31,383 31,540 30,067 31,153 31,164 31,217 31,206 31,285

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,074 75,521 76,029 75,301 76,060 76,290 76,375 76,329 76,239

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,064 1,933 1,987 2,156 2,111 2,151 2,126 2,101 2,080

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633 574 607 681 690 673 713 645 653

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,431 1,359 1,380 1,473 1,422 1,472 1,408 1,444 1,426

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,010 73,588 74,042 73,145 73,949 74,139 74,249 74,228 74,159

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,778 6,851 6,877 6,869 7,104 7,070 7,073 7,006 6,990

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,232 66,737 67,166 66,165 66,902 67,002 67,149 67,205 67,095

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,290 50,176 50,543 50,320 50,370 50,474 50,603 50,669 50,565

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,566 16,719 16,837 16,613 16,799 16,889 16,940 16,980 16,887

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,417 16,532 16,666 16,439 16,443 16,519 16,597 16,655 16,673

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,308 16,925 17,040 17,268 17,127 17,066 17,066 17,034 17,005

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,942 16,560 16,623 15,845 16,532 16,528 16,546 16,536 16,530

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,921 67,176 67,695 66,632 67,245 67,032 67,116 66,956 67,340

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,099 2,139 2,162 2,178 2,291 2,357 2,250 2,250 2,239

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 724 755 748 715 780 807 837 837

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,427 1,415 1,408 1,416 1,563 1,576 1,458 1,424 1,408

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,822 65,038 65,533 64,454 64,954 64,675 64,867 64,707 65,101

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,446 6,348 6,567 6,470 6,467 6,402 6,455 6,376 6,578

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,376 58,690 58,966 58,044 58,504 58,309 58,455 58,411 58,583

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,017 43,867 44,048 43,822 43,883 43,674 43,784 43,740 43,828

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,185 14,264 14,348 14,093 14,315 14,248 14,212 14,200 14,246

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,223 14,045 14,083 14,111 14,080 13,961 13,925 13,965 13,964

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,609 15,559 15,618 15,618 15,487 15,465 15,648 15,575 15,619

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,359 14,822 14,918 14,222 14,621 14,636 14,671 14,670 14,755

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,530 43,656 43,905 43,623 43,924 44,117 43,934 44,007 44,024

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,369 34,409 34,442 34,230 34,611 34,271 34,400 34,319 34,346

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,530 9,309 9,465 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,999 114,796 115,674 114,441 115,868 115,918 115,841 115,903 116,053

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,996 27,902 28,050 27,483 27,502 27,467 27,569 27,442 27,549

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,947 7,192 7,029 6,873 7,017 6,919 7,259 7,102 6,983

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.8 5.1 5.0 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,258 5,419 5,342 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,357 8,964 9,415 9,345 9,682 9,521 9,478 9,117 9,423

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over............................. 12,518 11,742 11,659 8.1 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.5

16 to 19 years...................................... 1,434 1,386 1,372 24.9 23.5 23.4 25.1 24.2 24.1

16 to 17 years.................................... 503 550 559 26.0 25.8 28.4 27.6 27.1 27.3

18 to 19 years.................................... 950 813 827 24.8 22.6 20.8 23.0 22.1 22.6

20 years and over.................................. 11,084 10,356 10,287 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.1 6.9 6.9

20 to 24 years.................................... 2,033 2,049 2,053 13.2 13.7 14.2 13.1 13.3 13.1

25 years and over............................... 9,040 8,237 8,204 6.8 6.5 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.1

25 to 54 years................................. 7,011 6,414 6,429 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.5 6.4 6.4

25 to 34 years.............................. 2,702 2,490 2,497 8.1 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.4 7.4

35 to 44 years.............................. 2,138 1,969 1,897 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.2 6.0 5.8

45 to 54 years.............................. 2,171 1,955 2,036 6.2 5.8 6.0 5.5 5.7 5.9

55 years and over............................. 2,016 1,832 1,825 6.3 5.9 6.0 5.8 5.5 5.5

Men, 16 years and over.............................. 6,762 6,255 6,382 8.2 7.9 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.7

16 to 19 years...................................... 804 736 738 27.2 25.9 26.4 27.0 25.9 26.2

16 to 17 years.................................... 280 286 297 29.1 25.1 31.3 31.1 30.7 31.2

18 to 19 years.................................... 529 442 447 26.4 26.3 23.7 24.3 23.4 23.9

20 years and over.................................. 5,958 5,519 5,644 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.1 6.9 7.1

20 to 24 years.................................... 1,135 1,182 1,135 14.2 13.5 15.3 13.4 14.4 14.0

25 years and over............................... 4,797 4,301 4,518 6.8 6.5 6.5 6.3 6.0 6.3

25 to 54 years................................. 3,732 3,301 3,521 6.9 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.1 6.5

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,462 1,303 1,383 8.1 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.1 7.6

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,128 991 1,006 6.4 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.6 5.7

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,142 1,008 1,132 6.2 5.7 5.9 5.7 5.6 6.2

55 years and over............................. 1,065 1,000 998 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.0 5.7 5.7

Women, 16 years and over.......................... 5,755 5,487 5,277 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.3

16 to 19 years...................................... 629 650 635 22.4 21.2 20.5 23.2 22.4 22.1

16 to 17 years.................................... 224 264 262 23.0 26.6 25.7 24.3 24.0 23.8

18 to 19 years.................................... 421 371 379 22.9 18.9 17.9 21.7 20.7 21.2

20 years and over.................................. 5,126 4,837 4,642 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.0 7.0 6.7

20 to 24 years.................................... 898 867 918 12.2 13.9 13.1 12.7 12.0 12.3

25 years and over............................... 4,243 3,936 3,686 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.3 5.9

25 to 54 years................................. 3,278 3,114 2,909 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.2

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,239 1,187 1,114 8.1 7.7 7.7 7.9 7.7 7.3

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,010 979 890 6.7 7.1 6.9 6.7 6.5 6.0

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,029 948 904 6.2 6.0 6.0 5.3 5.7 5.5

55 years and over1

........................... 878 808 756 5.8 5.1 5.9 5.6 5.2 4.8

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present....................... 2,345 1,973 2,017 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.4

Married women, spouse present.................... 1,916 1,707 1,582 5.3 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.4

Women who maintain families1

.................... 1,078 1,120 1,086 10.2 11.3 11.3 11.0 10.7 10.3

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2.................................... 10,707 9,963 9,892 8.6 8.3 8.3 8.1 7.9 7.9

Part-time workers3................................... 1,845 1,719 1,760 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 5.9 6.0

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time

jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 6,555 6,638 6,079 6,880 6,408 6,637 6,522 6,329 6,410

On temporary layoff................................ 1,009 1,312 1,080 1,108 1,085 1,155 1,078 1,107 1,170

Not on temporary layoff............................ 5,546 5,325 4,998 5,772 5,323 5,483 5,443 5,223 5,240

Permanent job losers............................ 4,397 4,029 3,840 4,526 4,075 4,208 4,128 3,959 3,976

Persons who completed temporary jobs...... 1,149 1,296 1,158 1,245 1,248 1,275 1,315 1,264 1,264

Job leavers............................................. 962 947 836 989 983 981 956 986 864

Reentrants............................................. 3,184 3,061 2,966 3,336 3,587 3,515 3,340 3,176 3,151

New entrants.......................................... 1,210 1,169 1,133 1,362 1,291 1,287 1,279 1,316 1,280

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 55.0 56.2 55.2 54.7 52.2 53.4 53.9 53.6 54.8

On temporary layoff................................ 8.5 11.1 9.8 8.8 8.8 9.3 8.9 9.4 10.0

Not on temporary layoff............................ 46.6 45.1 45.4 45.9 43.4 44.1 45.0 44.2 44.8

Job leavers............................................. 8.1 8.0 7.6 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.9 8.4 7.4

Reentrants............................................. 26.7 25.9 26.9 26.5 29.2 28.3 27.6 26.9 26.9

New entrants.......................................... 10.2 9.9 10.3 10.8 10.5 10.4 10.6 11.1 10.9

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.5 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1

Job leavers............................................. 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Reentrants............................................. 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0

New entrants.......................................... 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 2,165 2,067 2,045 2,567 2,676 2,766 2,667 2,464 2,474

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 2,368 3,040 2,375 2,841 2,838 3,028 2,782 2,838 2,848

15 weeks and over.................................... 7,377 6,708 6,594 7,023 6,661 6,566 6,493 6,348 6,320

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 2,109 2,051 2,106 1,984 1,895 1,858 1,695 1,737 1,967

27 weeks and over................................. 5,268 4,657 4,488 5,040 4,766 4,708 4,797 4,611 4,353

Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 42.0 37.9 39.0 39.1 38.1 35.3 36.9 37.1 36.5

Median duration, in weeks........................... 22.3 19.0 20.0 19.3 18.0 16.0 17.8 18.1 17.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 18.2 17.5 18.6 20.6 22.0 22.4 22.3 21.1 21.3

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 19.9 25.7 21.6 22.9 23.3 24.5 23.3 24.4 24.5

15 weeks and over.................................... 61.9 56.8 59.9 56.5 54.7 53.1 54.4 54.5 54.3

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 17.7 17.4 19.1 16.0 15.6 15.0 14.2 14.9 16.9

27 weeks and over................................. 44.2 39.4 40.8 40.5 39.1 38.1 40.2 39.6 37.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2013

Total, 16 years and over1............................................. 141,995 143,724 11,910 11,014 7.7 7.1

Management, professional, and related occupations............ 54,055 54,767 2,062 1,980 3.7 3.5

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations...................................................... 22,590 22,737 934 836 4.0 3.5

Professional and related occupations........................... 31,465 32,031 1,128 1,144 3.5 3.4

Service occupations.................................................. 25,303 25,840 2,426 2,294 8.8 8.2

Sales and office occupations....................................... 33,290 33,616 2,745 2,501 7.6 6.9

Sales and related occupations................................... 15,320 15,457 1,266 1,151 7.6 6.9

Office and administrative support occupations................. 17,970 18,159 1,478 1,349 7.6 6.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations......................................................... 12,377 12,680 1,608 1,483 11.5 10.5

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 913 858 196 104 17.6 10.8

Construction and extraction occupations....................... 6,734 6,786 1,137 1,137 14.4 14.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............. 4,731 5,036 276 242 5.5 4.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations......................................................... 16,970 16,821 1,822 1,601 9.7 8.7

Production occupations........................................... 8,348 8,009 863 726 9.4 8.3

Transportation and material moving occupations.............. 8,622 8,811 959 875 10.0 9.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2013

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 11,910 11,014 7.7 7.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers................................... 9,197 8,608 7.7 7.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..................................... 43 73 4.2 6.1

Construction........................................................................... 1,156 1,077 14.5 13.2

Manufacturing......................................................................... 1,046 963 6.9 6.4

Durable goods...................................................................... 620 583 6.5 6.2

Nondurable goods................................................................. 427 379 7.4 6.7

Wholesale and retail trade.......................................................... 1,603 1,484 7.9 7.4

Transportation and utilities.......................................................... 453 355 7.6 5.7

Information............................................................................ 243 152 8.3 5.4

Financial activities.................................................................... 505 515 5.5 5.4

Professional and business services................................................ 1,322 1,259 8.5 8.1

Education and health services...................................................... 1,058 983 4.8 4.4

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 1,290 1,327 9.8 9.6

Other services........................................................................ 478 420 7.4 6.7

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers.......................... 233 110 16.0 9.1

Government workers.................................................................... 786 715 3.7 3.3

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............. 484 447 4.9 4.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2012

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Dec.

2012

Jan.

2013

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013

Apr.

2013

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force.............. 4.8 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force........................................... 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.5 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate).................................................. 7.7 7.6 7.1 8.1 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.5

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

discouraged workers............................... 8.3 8.1 7.6 8.7 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.1 8.0

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,

plus all other persons marginally attached to

the labor force, as a percent of the civilian

labor force plus all persons marginally attached

to the labor force................................... 9.1 9.0 8.5 9.5 9.4 9.3 9.2 8.9 8.9

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all

persons marginally attached to the labor

force.................................................. 14.1 13.9 13.4 14.5 14.4 14.4 14.3 13.8 13.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are

available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a

job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for

full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2013

Apr.

2012

Apr.

2013

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................. 88,879 90,436 35,452 36,095 53,427 54,340

Persons who currently want a job.................................. 6,328 6,329 3,141 2,958 3,187 3,370

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,363 2,347 1,311 1,220 1,053 1,127

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 968 835 611 496 357 339

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .. 1,395 1,512 699 724 696 788

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 6,947 7,029 3,501 3,493 3,446 3,536

Percent of total employed........................................... 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.6 5.1 5.2

Primary job full time, secondary job part time.................... 3,549 3,761 2,026 2,177 1,523 1,583

Primary and secondary jobs both part time....................... 1,914 1,934 621 587 1,293 1,347

Primary and secondary jobs both full time........................ 289 198 194 104 95 93

Hours vary on primary or secondary job.......................... 1,134 1,089 634 608 500 481

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,

but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling

or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation

problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Change

from:

Mar.2013 -

Apr.2013p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,400 133,752 134,562 135,494 133,397 135,171 135,309 135,474 165

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,051 111,542 112,295 113,232 111,464 113,300 113,454 113,630 176

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,178 18,105 18,256 18,429 18,408 18,638 18,653 18,644 -9

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841 853 856 854 852 867 867 864 -3

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.3 48.3 47.1 46.0 49.1 49.9 49.7 49.7 0.0

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795.4 804.3 808.6 808.4 802.7 817.0 817.4 813.9 -3.5

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.2 191.2 191.0 192.3 185.2 193.4 192.3 193.2 0.9

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.3 217.7 220.1 220.0 224.6 226.9 226.2 223.0 -3.2

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.4 84.9 85.8 83.8 88.5 84.7 85.2 83.6 -1.6

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389.9 395.4 397.5 396.1 392.9 396.7 398.9 397.7 -1.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,487 5,373 5,485 5,645 5,636 5,783 5,796 5,790 -6

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,197.0 1,199.9 1,211.1 1,230.5 1,231.7 1,259.8 1,262.4 1,263.8 1.4

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.4 546.5 551.8 568.5 572.0 578.3 580.2 586.4 6.2

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643.6 653.4 659.3 662.0 659.7 681.5 682.2 677.4 -4.8

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . . 844.7 791.2 808.7 856.7 869.9 897.9 887.1 883.3 -3.8

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,444.8 3,382.0 3,465.6 3,557.3 3,534.3 3,624.9 3,646.6 3,642.6 -4.0

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . 1,435.8 1,418.2 1,452.9 1,507.0 1,476.1 1,529.2 1,538.3 1,545.4 7.1

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . . 2,009.0 1,963.8 2,012.7 2,050.3 2,058.2 2,095.7 2,108.3 2,097.2 -11.1

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,850 11,879 11,915 11,930 11,920 11,988 11,990 11,990 0

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,436 7,460 7,489 7,501 7,460 7,511 7,518 7,519 1

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335.0 337.9 340.4 342.2 337.2 347.3 346.0 344.3 -1.7

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.5 352.3 358.8 363.6 367.2 366.9 367.4 366.1 -1.3

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401.6 395.1 397.4 397.0 401.5 397.1 398.3 397.0 -1.3

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,400.4 1,420.6 1,425.8 1,429.9 1,407.3 1,429.8 1,432.2 1,434.7 2.5

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,095.9 1,099.4 1,104.6 1,107.5 1,099.3 1,103.3 1,106.0 1,109.6 3.6

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,094.1 1,083.0 1,082.3 1,078.9 1,097.4 1,084.5 1,084.0 1,082.0 -2.0

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . . 157.9 159.0 159.4 160.2 158.4 159.4 159.8 160.6 0.8

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.4 107.7 107.8 107.3 110.0 107.9 108.0 107.7 -0.3

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.2 380.1 379.3 379.0 384.7 380.6 379.8 379.6 -0.2

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401.9 396.9 396.6 393.4 403.1 396.8 396.9 394.7 -2.2

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . . 369.1 363.4 363.5 363.9 370.8 365.5 365.6 365.6 0.0

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,447.6 1,482.9 1,491.4 1,493.7 1,447.3 1,485.7 1,488.8 1,491.8 3.0

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768.4 793.3 802.2 804.0 766.5 794.1 798.2 800.6 2.4

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351.3 348.7 350.5 350.8 352.9 352.4 352.2 351.5 -0.7

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577.0 576.6 574.4 573.8 579.5 578.5 577.4 576.5 -0.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,414 4,419 4,426 4,429 4,460 4,477 4,472 4,471 -1

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,436.2 1,442.3 1,444.5 1,447.3 1,468.3 1,475.0 1,475.1 1,477.4 2.3

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.5 114.3 114.4 114.3 118.6 115.1 114.6 114.5 -0.1

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.9 115.5 115.1 115.1 117.0 116.7 115.9 115.2 -0.7

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.3 148.5 146.0 142.9 149.7 148.2 145.7 142.8 -2.9

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378.6 376.7 375.7 375.3 380.7 378.3 377.7 377.3 -0.4

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . . 463.2 452.9 454.3 451.2 465.2 456.8 456.0 452.9 -3.1

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.4 112.1 112.8 113.9 113.2 115.6 115.6 114.9 -0.7

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780.5 790.1 793.6 793.7 782.8 793.2 793.6 794.5 0.9

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640.9 650.1 654.3 654.6 643.9 654.2 656.4 657.1 0.7

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.3 216.6 214.9 220.2 220.7 223.4 221.8 224.3 2.5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,873 93,437 94,039 94,803 93,056 94,662 94,801 94,986 185

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,207 25,417 25,492 25,628 25,409 25,808 25,800 25,837 37

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,638.2 5,683.2 5,705.1 5,726.6 5,654.0 5,733.7 5,736.6 5,740.7 4.1

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,812.0 2,835.6 2,842.8 2,846.5 2,822.9 2,854.1 2,854.3 2,855.1 0.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,961.9 1,974.1 1,980.7 1,995.3 1,964.4 1,998.3 1,996.9 1,998.5 1.6

Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. . 864.3 873.5 881.6 884.8 866.7 881.3 885.4 887.1 1.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,673.6 14,766.7 14,814.0 14,921.7 14,829.5 15,052.3 15,048.4 15,077.7 29.3

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,728.2 1,731.1 1,747.6 1,758.7 1,727.1 1,756.0 1,760.3 1,758.6 -1.7

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,085.0 1,098.6 1,106.1 1,112.2 1,085.2 1,108.8 1,110.9 1,113.1 2.2

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . 431.1 446.9 443.8 445.8 438.9 451.1 450.8 452.9 2.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Change

from:

Mar.2013 -

Apr.2013p

Retail trade - Continued

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 509.3 510.3 498.5 495.7 515.2 510.3 503.9 502.1 -1.8

Building material and garden supply stores.. . 1,221.9 1,132.1 1,167.6 1,225.4 1,175.2 1,178.8 1,174.6 1,177.4 2.8

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,817.6 2,866.3 2,863.2 2,867.9 2,842.6 2,896.1 2,893.9 2,895.1 1.2

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 990.6 1,017.0 1,018.3 1,024.1 998.6 1,024.1 1,025.6 1,031.0 5.4

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834.3 836.2 837.5 845.2 840.0 849.4 849.6 850.3 0.7

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . 1,336.4 1,389.7 1,391.5 1,395.6 1,380.7 1,449.0 1,446.4 1,446.8 0.4

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562.6 571.7 562.4 564.0 581.5 582.4 580.6 581.9 1.3

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,037.5 3,029.0 3,061.3 3,069.7 3,097.2 3,099.5 3,107.5 3,122.3 14.8

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,471.9 1,447.7 1,451.0 1,455.7 1,516.1 1,481.8 1,485.7 1,493.6 7.9

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776.0 796.1 785.5 796.8 789.9 809.4 808.2 812.2 4.0

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428.1 440.3 436.8 432.8 442.6 446.2 447.0 447.1 0.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,342.0 4,413.4 4,418.9 4,425.4 4,372.4 4,466.3 4,459.6 4,463.8 4.2

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459.6 442.3 444.2 446.9 460.4 446.3 446.5 448.3 1.8

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.1 229.4 229.5 230.9 231.6 230.9 230.2 230.4 0.2

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 60.2 61.5 61.7 62.6 62.3 62.9 62.9 0.0

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,321.3 1,346.8 1,347.8 1,367.5 1,340.3 1,380.2 1,373.9 1,385.6 11.7

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440.7 477.0 481.7 481.6 427.3 464.0 468.8 467.9 -0.9

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.5 44.4 44.5 44.3 43.9 44.4 44.6 44.6 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . . 25.6 19.9 21.4 23.0 28.0 26.8 26.8 25.9 -0.9

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . . 575.9 587.6 584.0 582.6 575.1 588.8 586.2 583.0 -3.2

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512.9 525.7 522.0 510.1 527.7 534.5 532.2 529.9 -2.3

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669.0 680.1 682.3 676.8 675.5 688.1 687.5 685.3 -2.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552.7 553.4 554.0 554.1 553.4 555.9 555.3 555.1 -0.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,674 2,704 2,699 2,684 2,679 2,698 2,700 2,691 -9

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . 737.2 726.0 727.3 727.4 739.8 728.7 730.1 730.0 -0.1

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.3 406.9 401.6 385.5 369.6 399.1 400.3 389.8 -10.5

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287.0 285.8 286.0 285.9 287.0 285.8 285.9 285.6 -0.3

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860.2 857.1 856.0 855.4 861.4 854.2 854.9 856.1 1.2

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.7 251.1 250.6 251.2 250.0 251.5 250.3 249.8 -0.5

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.3 177.4 177.6 178.3 171.3 178.7 178.9 179.5 0.6

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,740 7,808 7,821 7,840 7,768 7,853 7,858 7,867 9

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,807.1 5,873.6 5,875.0 5,877.0 5,820.1 5,879.7 5,880.3 5,890.2 9.9

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 16.5 16.5 16.5 17.0 16.7 16.7 16.6 -0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,562.3 2,603.6 2,601.1 2,605.3 2,569.0 2,603.9 2,603.8 2,612.4 8.6

Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . 1,736.4 1,737.5 1,735.3 1,733.7 1,740.9 1,738.8 1,737.9 1,738.1 0.2

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,319.4 1,311.8 1,308.9 1,305.8 1,322.1 1,312.9 1,310.1 1,309.0 -1.1

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809.4 824.1 826.0 827.5 812.3 825.0 826.7 829.8 3.1

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . . 2,331.6 2,343.6 2,345.1 2,341.2 2,334.7 2,347.7 2,346.5 2,344.6 -1.9

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . . 86.8 85.8 86.3 86.5 87.1 86.4 86.6 86.8 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,932.5 1,934.5 1,945.9 1,963.2 1,947.9 1,973.7 1,978.1 1,976.5 -1.6

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,406.8 1,409.2 1,416.5 1,426.8 1,414.0 1,432.6 1,436.5 1,432.4 -4.1

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501.5 502.0 506.0 513.7 509.6 517.7 518.1 521.2 3.1

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . . 24.2 23.3 23.4 22.7 24.3 23.4 23.5 22.9 -0.6

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,805 18,021 18,169 18,409 17,841 18,291 18,355 18,428 73

Professional and technical services1

. . . . . . . . . . . 7,910.6 8,104.7 8,126.7 8,155.7 7,842.7 8,030.4 8,061.4 8,084.2 22.8

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,116.0 1,117.7 1,122.9 1,126.6 1,120.7 1,125.1 1,128.6 1,130.7 2.1

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . . 1,006.9 1,058.1 1,054.3 1,043.3 905.7 922.5 935.4 939.1 3.7

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . 1,311.4 1,320.9 1,325.9 1,335.2 1,322.5 1,340.2 1,343.2 1,345.9 2.7

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,598.3 1,669.7 1,667.2 1,674.8 1,601.5 1,671.4 1,675.0 1,678.3 3.3

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,103.5 1,150.7 1,159.9 1,170.3 1,109.1 1,161.2 1,169.3 1,175.0 5.7

Management of companies and enterprises. . . . 1,992.3 2,018.2 2,024.6 2,030.7 2,001.7 2,030.9 2,032.7 2,039.9 7.2

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,901.8 7,898.1 8,017.3 8,222.8 7,996.5 8,230.0 8,261.0 8,304.3 43.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Change

from:

Mar.2013 -

Apr.2013p

Administrative and waste services - Continued

Administrative and support services1. . . . . . . . 7,533.5 7,529.3 7,647.4 7,850.5 7,624.5 7,853.1 7,883.5 7,928.0 44.5

Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,041.8 3,123.4 3,186.2 3,258.6 3,122.3 3,267.5 3,291.4 3,326.0 34.6

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,414.4 2,478.8 2,539.2 2,598.6 2,480.4 2,608.3 2,633.8 2,664.6 30.8

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815.5 839.8 834.5 833.9 821.3 836.1 835.4 839.0 3.6

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . . 1,839.4 1,698.6 1,744.6 1,862.7 1,837.1 1,859.0 1,862.9 1,863.0 0.1

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.3 368.8 369.9 372.3 372.0 376.9 377.5 376.3 -1.2

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,414 20,660 20,746 20,785 20,243 20,542 20,588 20,616 28

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,510.4 3,482.3 3,516.0 3,522.5 3,343.7 3,337.7 3,356.6 3,359.3 2.7

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,903.3 17,177.6 17,229.6 17,262.9 16,899.5 17,204.4 17,230.9 17,257.0 26.1

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,221.3 14,454.9 14,487.3 14,507.3 14,241.5 14,491.5 14,510.2 14,529.2 19.0

Ambulatory health care services1

. . . . . . . . . 6,269.4 6,438.8 6,453.9 6,472.6 6,276.6 6,455.1 6,466.3 6,479.9 13.6

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,370.7 2,416.8 2,417.3 2,418.6 2,378.9 2,423.0 2,421.9 2,427.3 5.4

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643.8 676.6 679.6 680.4 642.9 675.9 678.9 679.8 0.9

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,185.2 1,249.8 1,256.4 1,266.8 1,184.4 1,252.3 1,258.4 1,264.5 6.1

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,768.8 4,821.5 4,831.2 4,826.0 4,778.5 4,827.2 4,833.5 4,836.2 2.7

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,183.1 3,194.6 3,202.2 3,208.7 3,186.4 3,209.2 3,210.4 3,213.1 2.7

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,662.1 1,656.1 1,659.9 1,661.2 1,664.9 1,664.8 1,664.0 1,664.3 0.3

Social assistance1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,682.0 2,722.7 2,742.3 2,755.6 2,658.0 2,712.9 2,720.7 2,727.8 7.1

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877.0 874.1 879.4 882.1 854.2 859.1 859.6 859.3 -0.3

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,620 13,403 13,670 13,993 13,698 13,995 14,033 14,076 43

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,915.7 1,788.6 1,868.3 1,961.6 1,964.1 1,997.8 2,008.8 2,006.9 -1.9

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . . 412.4 388.3 410.3 444.2 405.3 422.6 430.0 433.1 3.1

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.6 126.6 131.1 135.7 135.5 138.6 139.1 138.6 -0.5

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . . 1,370.7 1,273.7 1,326.9 1,381.7 1,423.3 1,436.6 1,439.7 1,435.2 -4.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,703.9 11,614.8 11,802.1 12,031.3 11,733.7 11,996.8 12,024.0 12,069.1 45.1

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,771.7 1,735.6 1,762.3 1,789.7 1,821.7 1,827.9 1,830.2 1,837.4 7.2

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . 9,932.2 9,879.2 10,039.8 10,241.6 9,912.0 10,168.9 10,193.8 10,231.7 37.9

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,413 5,424 5,442 5,464 5,418 5,475 5,467 5,471 4

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,188.4 1,190.3 1,193.3 1,199.1 1,184.7 1,200.0 1,195.9 1,196.4 0.5

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,308.5 1,313.3 1,321.5 1,332.7 1,305.3 1,329.3 1,328.3 1,329.9 1.6

Membership associations and organizations. . . . 2,915.7 2,920.5 2,927.2 2,932.3 2,927.9 2,945.4 2,943.0 2,944.4 1.4

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,349 22,210 22,267 22,262 21,933 21,871 21,855 21,844 -11

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,827.0 2,775.0 2,762.0 2,763.0 2,828.0 2,793.0 2,777.0 2,769.0 -8.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,204.9 2,169.9 2,173.5 2,172.8 2,210.6 2,188.6 2,184.1 2,179.2 -4.9

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621.9 605.3 588.8 590.5 617.2 604.7 593.0 589.5 -3.5

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,212.0 5,172.0 5,199.0 5,208.0 5,064.0 5,046.0 5,054.0 5,053.0 -1.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,539.0 2,523.4 2,548.1 2,553.5 2,389.6 2,387.1 2,396.1 2,397.8 1.7

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 2,672.9 2,648.1 2,650.7 2,654.4 2,674.5 2,658.5 2,657.5 2,655.2 -2.3

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,310.0 14,263.0 14,306.0 14,291.0 14,041.0 14,032.0 14,024.0 14,022.0 -2.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,122.7 8,107.2 8,141.7 8,105.8 7,775.9 7,762.3 7,759.5 7,758.0 -1.5

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 6,186.8 6,156.2 6,164.6 6,184.9 6,265.3 6,269.8 6,264.4 6,264.4 0.0

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 34.5 34.5 34.6 34.4

Goods-producing..................................................................... 40.3 40.5 40.4 40.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.9 43.3 43.3 43.1

Construction........................................................................ 38.8 39.2 39.0 38.9

Manufacturing...................................................................... 40.8 40.9 40.8 40.7

Durable goods................................................................... 41.2 41.2 41.1 41.0

Nondurable goods............................................................... 40.2 40.3 40.3 40.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.4 33.3 33.4 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 34.6 34.5 34.7 34.5

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.7 38.6 38.7 38.6

Retail trade....................................................................... 31.7 31.5 31.7 31.4

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 38.3 38.6 38.8 38.7

Utilities............................................................................ 41.8 42.5 42.5 42.1

Information.......................................................................... 36.6 36.3 36.4 36.5

Financial activities................................................................. 37.2 37.2 37.2 37.2

Professional and business services............................................. 36.0 36.1 36.1 36.0

Education and health services................................................... 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 26.1 26.1 26.2 26.1

Other services...................................................................... 31.7 31.7 31.8 31.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.3

Durable goods........................................................................ 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.4

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Total private................................................. $23.42 $23.82 $23.83 $23.87 $ 807.99 $ 821.79 $ 824.52 $ 821.13

Goods-producing........................................ 24.67 24.94 24.96 24.97 994.20 1,010.07 1,008.38 1,003.79

Mining and logging................................... 28.68 28.83 28.99 28.99 1,259.05 1,248.34 1,255.27 1,249.47

Construction........................................... 25.67 26.03 26.04 26.07 996.00 1,020.38 1,015.56 1,014.12

Manufacturing......................................... 23.91 24.14 24.16 24.15 975.53 987.33 985.73 982.91

Durable goods...................................... 25.30 25.52 25.56 25.56 1,042.36 1,051.42 1,050.52 1,047.96

Nondurable goods................................. 21.52 21.77 21.75 21.72 865.10 877.33 876.53 868.80

Private service-providing............................... 23.12 23.55 23.56 23.61 772.21 784.22 786.90 786.21

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 20.36 20.77 20.83 20.89 704.46 716.57 722.80 720.71

Wholesale trade.................................... 26.69 27.32 27.51 27.57 1,032.90 1,054.55 1,064.64 1,064.20

Retail trade.......................................... 16.17 16.54 16.59 16.62 512.59 521.01 525.90 521.87

Transportation and warehousing................. 22.02 22.02 22.05 22.15 843.37 849.97 855.54 857.21

Utilities............................................... 33.70 35.02 34.92 34.70 1,408.66 1,488.35 1,484.10 1,460.87

Information............................................. 31.75 32.44 32.58 32.80 1,162.05 1,177.57 1,185.91 1,197.20

Financial activities.................................... 28.90 29.97 29.99 30.07 1,075.08 1,114.88 1,115.63 1,118.60

Professional and business services................ 27.97 28.35 28.41 28.39 1,006.92 1,023.44 1,025.60 1,022.04

Education and health services...................... 24.15 24.58 24.47 24.52 794.54 808.68 805.06 806.71

Leisure and hospitality............................... 13.35 13.39 13.41 13.42 348.44 349.48 351.34 350.26

Other services......................................... 20.75 21.23 21.12 21.18 657.78 672.99 671.62 669.29

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2013 -

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2013 -

Apr.

2013p

Total private....................................... 96.3 97.9 98.3 97.9 -0.4 107.6 111.2 111.7 111.5 -0.2

Goods-producing............................... 84.5 86.0 85.9 85.4 -0.6 94.2 96.9 96.9 96.4 -0.5

Mining and logging.......................... 117.5 118.0 118.0 117.0 -0.8 135.3 136.5 137.3 136.2 -0.8

Construction.................................. 75.4 78.1 77.9 77.6 -0.4 84.1 88.4 88.2 87.9 -0.3

Manufacturing................................ 87.5 88.2 88.0 87.8 -0.2 97.3 99.0 98.9 98.6 -0.3

Durable goods............................ 86.5 87.1 87.0 86.8 -0.2 97.2 98.7 98.8 98.5 -0.3

Nondurable goods........................ 89.5 90.0 89.9 89.2 -0.8 97.7 99.5 99.3 98.4 -0.9

Private service-providing...................... 99.8 101.2 101.6 101.5 -0.1 111.7 115.4 116.0 116.1 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 95.6 96.8 97.4 96.9 -0.5 104.8 108.3 109.2 109.0 -0.2

Wholesale trade........................... 95.5 96.6 96.9 96.7 -0.2 106.3 110.1 111.2 111.2 0.0

Retail trade................................ 95.5 96.3 96.9 96.2 -0.7 102.1 105.3 106.3 105.7 -0.6

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 95.8 98.7 99.0 98.9 -0.1 107.1 110.3 110.8 111.1 0.3

Utilities..................................... 100.1 102.2 102.1 101.1 -1.0 111.4 118.3 117.8 115.9 -1.6

Information................................... 89.5 89.4 89.8 89.7 -0.1 101.2 103.3 104.1 104.8 0.7

Financial activities........................... 94.6 95.7 95.7 95.8 0.1 106.7 111.8 112.0 112.4 0.4

Professional and business services....... 101.0 103.9 104.2 104.3 0.1 114.5 119.3 120.0 120.0 0.0

Education and health services............. 108.4 110.0 110.3 110.4 0.1 122.7 126.7 126.4 126.8 0.3

Leisure and hospitality...................... 102.0 104.2 104.9 104.8 -0.1 109.9 112.6 113.5 113.5 0.0

Other services............................... 95.2 96.2 96.3 95.8 -0.5 112.1 115.9 115.5 115.1 -0.3

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Total nonfarm............................................... 65,832 66,680 66,729 66,846 49.4 49.3 49.3 49.3

Total private.............................................. 53,320 54,204 54,259 54,376 47.8 47.8 47.8 47.9

Goods-producing...................................... 4,090 4,107 4,101 4,101 22.2 22.0 22.0 22.0

Mining and logging................................. 112 116 117 118 13.1 13.4 13.5 13.7

Construction........................................ 720 734 736 737 12.8 12.7 12.7 12.7

Manufacturing....................................... 3,258 3,257 3,248 3,246 27.3 27.2 27.1 27.1

Durable goods................................... 1,732 1,734 1,732 1,734 23.2 23.1 23.0 23.1

Nondurable goods............................... 1,526 1,523 1,516 1,512 34.2 34.0 33.9 33.8

Private service-providing............................. 49,230 50,097 50,158 50,275 52.9 52.9 52.9 52.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities............... 10,220 10,430 10,448 10,484 40.2 40.4 40.5 40.6

Wholesale trade................................. 1,701.6 1,705.0 1,700.9 1,702.3 30.1 29.7 29.6 29.7

Retail trade....................................... 7,362.9 7,548.4 7,567.5 7,600.0 49.7 50.1 50.3 50.4

Transportation and warehousing.............. 1,018.0 1,038.0 1,042.7 1,044.6 23.3 23.2 23.4 23.4

Utilities............................................ 137.6 138.5 136.9 137.1 24.9 24.9 24.7 24.7

Information.......................................... 1,082 1,073 1,071 1,065 40.4 39.8 39.7 39.6

Financial activities.................................. 4,511 4,541 4,538 4,544 58.1 57.8 57.8 57.8

Professional and business services............. 7,890 8,109 8,126 8,161 44.2 44.3 44.3 44.3

Education and health services................... 15,523 15,772 15,801 15,826 76.7 76.8 76.7 76.8

Leisure and hospitality............................. 7,158 7,293 7,300 7,323 52.3 52.1 52.0 52.0

Other services...................................... 2,846 2,879 2,874 2,872 52.5 52.6 52.6 52.5

Government.............................................. 12,512 12,476 12,470 12,470 57.0 57.0 57.1 57.1

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Total private................................................................................ 92,102 93,584 93,677 93,805

Goods-producing........................................................................ 13,311 13,431 13,435 13,426

Mining and logging................................................................... 647 643 642 639

Construction........................................................................... 4,260 4,367 4,383 4,379

Manufacturing......................................................................... 8,404 8,421 8,410 8,408

Durable goods...................................................................... 5,151 5,170 5,165 5,164

Nondurable goods................................................................. 3,253 3,251 3,245 3,244

Private service-providing............................................................... 78,791 80,153 80,242 80,379

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................. 21,568 21,855 21,839 21,848

Wholesale trade.................................................................... 4,549.3 4,617.6 4,618.7 4,618.7

Retail trade......................................................................... 12,795.2 12,928.4 12,914.3 12,927.0

Transportation and warehousing................................................. 3,781.5 3,861.6 3,859.3 3,855.1

Utilities............................................................................... 441.6 447.3 447.0 446.9

Information............................................................................ 2,163 2,181 2,183 2,178

Financial activities.................................................................... 5,966 6,040 6,038 6,057

Professional and business services................................................ 14,705 15,139 15,190 15,240

Education and health services...................................................... 17,759 18,018 18,049 18,073

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 12,095 12,347 12,379 12,415

Other services........................................................................ 4,535 4,573 4,564 4,568

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.7

Goods-producing..................................................................... 41.2 41.3 41.3 41.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 47.3 45.5 45.5 45.6

Construction........................................................................ 39.3 39.7 39.7 39.7

Manufacturing...................................................................... 41.7 41.9 41.8 41.7

Durable goods................................................................... 42.1 42.3 42.2 42.1

Nondurable goods............................................................... 41.0 41.3 41.2 41.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 33.8 33.7 33.8 33.6

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.6 38.8 38.7 38.6

Retail trade....................................................................... 30.6 30.2 30.3 30.0

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 37.8 38.4 38.8 38.7

Utilities............................................................................ 41.0 42.0 42.0 41.8

Information.......................................................................... 35.9 35.7 35.7 35.7

Financial activities................................................................. 36.6 36.7 36.7 36.7

Professional and business services............................................. 35.3 35.4 35.5 35.3

Education and health services................................................... 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.3

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 24.9 25.0 25.0 25.0

Other services...................................................................... 30.7 30.8 30.7 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.3

Durable goods........................................................................ 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.3

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Total private................................................. $19.72 $20.03 $20.04 $20.06 $ 664.56 $ 677.01 $ 677.35 $ 676.02

Goods-producing........................................ 20.94 21.16 21.19 21.21 862.73 873.91 875.15 875.97

Mining and logging................................... 25.92 26.30 26.29 26.43 1,226.02 1,196.65 1,196.20 1,205.21

Construction........................................... 23.90 24.22 24.26 24.30 939.27 961.53 963.12 964.71

Manufacturing......................................... 19.08 19.23 19.24 19.24 795.64 805.74 804.23 802.31

Durable goods...................................... 20.18 20.24 20.28 20.31 849.58 856.15 855.82 855.05

Nondurable goods................................. 17.30 17.59 17.55 17.51 709.30 726.47 723.06 721.41

Private service-providing............................... 19.46 19.79 19.80 19.82 632.45 643.18 643.50 642.17

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 17.40 17.58 17.59 17.62 588.12 592.45 594.54 592.03

Wholesale trade.................................... 22.17 22.39 22.44 22.50 855.76 868.73 868.43 868.50

Retail trade.......................................... 13.78 13.92 13.95 13.93 421.67 420.38 422.69 417.90

Transportation and warehousing................. 19.66 19.56 19.49 19.56 743.15 751.10 756.21 756.97

Utilities............................................... 31.53 32.09 32.07 32.14 1,292.73 1,347.78 1,346.94 1,343.45

Information............................................. 26.93 27.78 27.76 27.90 966.79 991.75 991.03 996.03

Financial activities.................................... 22.60 23.55 23.66 23.72 827.16 864.29 868.32 870.52

Professional and business services................ 23.22 23.57 23.58 23.56 819.67 834.38 837.09 831.67

Education and health services...................... 21.05 21.34 21.32 21.34 679.92 691.42 690.77 689.28

Leisure and hospitality............................... 11.62 11.71 11.73 11.74 289.34 292.75 293.25 293.50

Other services......................................... 17.50 17.87 17.79 17.86 537.25 550.40 546.15 548.30

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2013 -

Apr.

2013p

Apr.

2012

Feb.

2013

Mar.

2013p

Apr.

2013p

Percent

change

from:

Mar.

2013 -

Apr.

2013p

Total private....................................... 103.6 105.6 105.7 105.5 -0.2 136.4 141.2 141.4 141.3 -0.1

Goods-producing............................... 83.8 84.8 84.8 84.7 -0.1 107.5 109.8 110.0 110.1 0.1

Mining and logging.......................... 162.6 155.5 155.2 154.8 -0.3 245.2 237.8 237.3 238.0 0.3

Construction.................................. 83.8 86.8 87.1 87.0 -0.1 108.2 113.5 114.1 114.2 0.1

Manufacturing................................ 80.4 81.0 80.7 80.5 -0.2 100.4 101.9 101.5 101.3 -0.2

Durable goods............................ 81.5 82.2 81.9 81.7 -0.2 102.7 103.8 103.7 103.6 -0.1

Nondurable goods........................ 78.6 79.1 78.8 78.7 -0.1 96.1 98.3 97.7 97.4 -0.3

Private service-providing...................... 109.3 111.2 111.3 111.2 -0.1 145.7 150.8 151.0 151.0 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 101.6 102.7 102.9 102.3 -0.6 126.1 128.8 129.1 128.6 -0.4

Wholesale trade........................... 103.4 105.5 105.3 105.0 -0.3 135.1 139.2 139.1 139.2 0.1

Retail trade................................ 99.1 98.8 99.0 98.2 -0.8 117.1 117.9 118.4 117.2 -1.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 107.6 111.6 112.7 112.3 -0.4 134.2 138.5 139.4 139.3 -0.1

Utilities..................................... 92.6 96.1 96.0 95.5 -0.5 121.9 128.7 128.5 128.2 -0.2

Information................................... 88.6 88.9 88.9 88.7 -0.2 118.2 122.2 122.2 122.6 0.3

Financial activities........................... 102.8 104.4 104.3 104.6 0.3 142.9 151.2 151.8 152.7 0.6

Professional and business services....... 116.3 120.1 120.9 120.6 -0.2 160.8 168.5 169.6 169.0 -0.4

Education and health services............. 123.7 125.9 126.1 125.9 -0.2 171.2 176.7 176.8 176.7 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality...................... 110.3 113.1 113.4 113.7 0.3 145.6 150.4 151.0 151.6 0.4

Other services............................... 97.6 98.8 98.3 98.4 0.1 124.5 128.6 127.4 128.0 0.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary