Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-12-2164 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, November 2, 2012 

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — OCTOBER 2012 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 171,000 in October, and the unemployment rate

was essentially unchanged at 7.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. 

Employment rose in professional and business services, health care, and retail trade. 

Hurricane Sandy 

Hurricane Sandy had no discernable effect on the employment and unemployment data for 

October. Household survey data collection was completed before the storm, and establishment 

survey data collection rates were within normal ranges nationally and for the affected areas. For 

information on how unusually severe weather can affect the employment and hours estimates, 

see the Frequently Asked Questions section of this release. 

 

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Jan-12 Apr-12 Jul-12 Oct-12

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, October 2010 –

October 2012

Percent

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Jan-12 Apr-12 Jul-12 Oct-12

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

October 2010 – October 2012
- 2 - 

Household Survey Data 

Both the unemployment rate (7.9 percent) and the number of unemployed persons (12.3 million) were 

essentially unchanged in October, following declines in September. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for blacks increased to 14.3 percent in 

October, while the rates for adult men (7.3 percent), adult women (7.2 percent), teenagers (23.7 percent), 

whites (7.0 percent), and Hispanics (10.0 percent) showed little or no change. The jobless rate for Asians 

was 4.9 percent in October (not seasonally adjusted), down from 7.3 percent a year earlier. (See 

tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

In October, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little 

changed at 5.0 million. These individuals accounted for 40.6 percent of the unemployed. (See 

table A-12.) 

The civilian labor force rose by 578,000 to 155.6 million in October, and the labor force participation 

rate edged up to 63.8 percent. Total employment rose by 410,000 over the month. The employmentpopulation ratio was essentially unchanged at 58.8 percent, following an increase of 0.4 percentage 

point in September. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) fell by 269,000 to 8.3 million in October, partially offsetting an increase 

of 582,000 in September. These individuals were working part time because their hours had been cut 

back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.) 

In October, 2.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little different from a 

year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, 

wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They 

were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the 

survey. (See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 813,000 discouraged workers in October, a decline of 

154,000 from a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons 

not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.6 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in October had not searched for work in the 4 

weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See 

table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 171,000 in October. Employment growth has 

averaged 157,000 per month thus far in 2012, about the same as the average monthly gain of 153,000 in 

2011. In October, employment rose in professional and business services, health care, and retail trade. 

(See table B-1.) 

Professional and business services added 51,000 jobs in October, with gains in services to buildings 

and dwellings (+13,000) and in computer systems design (+7,000). Temporary help employment 

changed little in October and has shown little net change over the past 3 months. Employment in 
- 3 - 

professional and business services has grown by 1.6 million since its most recent low point in September 

2009. 

Health care added 31,000 jobs in October. Job gains continued in ambulatory health care services 

(+25,000) and hospitals (+6,000). Over the past year, employment in health care has risen by 296,000. 

Retail trade added 36,000 jobs in October, with gains in motor vehicles and parts dealers (+7,000), and 

in furniture and home furnishings stores (+4,000). Retail trade has added 82,000 jobs over the past 3 

months, with most of the gain occurring in motor vehicles and parts dealers, clothing and accessories 

stores, and miscellaneous store retailers. 

 

Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up (+28,000) over the month. This industry 

has added 811,000 jobs since a recent low point in January 2010, with most of the gain occurring in food 

services. 

Employment in construction edged up in October. The gain was concentrated in specialty trade 

contractors (+17,000). 

Manufacturing employment changed little in October. On net, manufacturing employment has shown 

little change since April. 

Mining lost 9,000 jobs in October, with most of the decline occurring in support activities for mining. 

Since May of this year, employment in mining has decreased by 17,000. 

Employment in other major industries, including wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing, 

information, financial activities, and government, showed little change over the month. 

In October, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 34.4 hours for 

the fourth consecutive month. The manufacturing workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.5 hours, and 

factory overtime was unchanged at 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and 

nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See 

tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 

1 cent to $23.58. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have risen by 1.6 percent. In 

October, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees edged 

down by 1 cent to $19.79. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised from +142,000 to +192,000, 

and the change for September was revised from +114,000 to +148,000. 

The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, 

December 7, 2012, at 8:30 a.m. (EST). 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Change from:

Sept. 2012-

Oct. 2012

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population............................................ 240,269 243,566 243,772 243,983 211

Civilian labor force............................................................ 154,057 154,645 155,063 155,641 578

Participation rate........................................................... 64.1 63.5 63.6 63.8 0.2

Employed.................................................................... 140,297 142,101 142,974 143,384 410

Employment-population ratio........................................... 58.4 58.3 58.7 58.8 0.1

Unemployed................................................................. 13,759 12,544 12,088 12,258 170

Unemployment rate..................................................... 8.9 8.1 7.8 7.9 0.1

Not in labor force............................................................. 86,213 88,921 88,710 88,341 -369

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over....................................................... 8.9 8.1 7.8 7.9 0.1

Adult men (20 years and over).............................................. 8.7 7.6 7.3 7.3 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over).......................................... 7.9 7.3 7.0 7.2 0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................. 24.0 24.6 23.7 23.7 0.0

White........................................................................... 8.0 7.2 7.0 7.0 0.0

Black or African American................................................... 15.0 14.1 13.4 14.3 0.9

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................. 7.3 5.9 4.8 4.9 –

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................................. 11.4 10.2 9.9 10.0 0.1

Total, 25 years and over....................................................... 7.7 6.8 6.6 6.6 0.0

Less than a high school diploma........................................... 13.8 12.0 11.3 12.2 0.9

High school graduates, no college......................................... 9.5 8.8 8.7 8.4 -0.3

Some college or associate degree......................................... 8.2 6.6 6.5 6.9 0.4

Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................... 4.4 4.1 4.1 3.8 -0.3

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs................... 7,924 7,003 6,535 6,575 40

Job leavers....................................................................... 1,068 942 957 1,010 53

Reentrants........................................................................ 3,387 3,318 3,306 3,300 -6

New entrants..................................................................... 1,291 1,277 1,247 1,301 54

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks.............................................................. 2,676 2,844 2,542 2,632 90

5 to 14 weeks.................................................................... 3,285 2,868 2,826 2,851 25

15 to 26 weeks.................................................................. 2,029 1,845 1,860 1,836 -24

27 weeks and over.............................................................. 5,839 5,033 4,844 5,002 158

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons............................................... 8,790 8,031 8,613 8,344 -269

Slack work or business conditions.......................................... 5,839 5,217 5,523 5,219 -304

Could only find part-time work.............................................. 2,538 2,507 2,572 2,614 42

Part time for noneconomic reasons........................................... 18,401 18,996 18,736 18,923 187

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force........................................ 2,555 2,561 2,517 2,433 –

Discouraged workers......................................................... 967 844 802 813 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not

necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 192 148 171

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 134 128 184

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 -14 -13 21

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 -4 -1 -9

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9 3 2 17

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 -13 -14 13

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 -16 -15 5

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 -7.2 -3.5 -2.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 3 1 8

Private service-providing1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 148 141 163

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 7.3 -3.0 6.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 18.1 27.3 36.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 7.3 7.2 2.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 -3 -9 1

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7 14 4

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 24 8 51

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.5 2.8 -11.8 13.6

Education and health services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 31 50 25

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.8 26.9 40.2 32.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 49 36 28

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 0 10 9

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -27 58 20 -13

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 49.3 49.3 49.3

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 47.8 47.8 47.8

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.5 82.6 82.6 82.7

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.4 34.4 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 23.22 $ 23.52 $ 23.59 $ 23.58

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $798.77 $809.09 $811.50 $811.15

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.6 96.1 96.2 96.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.8 107.7 108.2 108.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1

HOURS AND EARNINGS

PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 33.6 33.7 33.6

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 19.57 $ 19.75 $ 19.80 $ 19.79

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $659.51 $663.60 $667.26 $664.94

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.0 103.4 103.8 103.7

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 -0.1 0.4 -0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.3 136.4 137.3 137.1

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 -0.2 0.7 -0.1

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (266 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 52.4 56.4 60.7

Manufacturing (81 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.4 43.2 46.3 56.8

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing

industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance

between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data in this table have been corrected. For more information see http://www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_usps_correction.htm.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment and 

both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of 

error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger 

sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in the 

establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is 

about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey 

because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household 

workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of 

employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences between the two surveys, 

please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf. 

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it is not 

possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data 

on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and 

native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. 

Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional 

information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment 

survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate 

additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For 

more information on the monthly revisions, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates to 

nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark 

helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual 

benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm. 

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with fewer 

than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the total 

nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to 

achieve that goal. 

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment 

change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that 

forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net 

impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The 
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not 

immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a 

new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses 

to the survey twice a year. 

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance 

benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who are 

without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on 

temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question 

relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those 

who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, 

alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups 

not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment Situation news release. 

How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. 

Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. 

Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick 

leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in 

a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for part of the pay 

period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or 

repair, may work extra hours. 

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have to be 

off work without pay for the entire pay period. About half of all employees in the payroll survey sample have 

a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, 

even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the effect of 

extreme weather on estimates of over-the-month change in employment. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the 

month. Persons who miss the entire week’s work for weather-related events are counted as employed 

whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons 

who usually work full time but had reduced hours, or had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey’s most requested statistics page at 

http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey 

(CES; establishment survey). The household survey 

provides information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 

60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census 

Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the CES program 

surveys about 141,000 businesses and government 

agencies, representing approximately 486,000 individual 

worksites, in order to provide detailed industry data on 

employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm 

payrolls. The active sample includes approximately onethird of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that 

contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment 

survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 

12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 

calendar week. 

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys 

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force. 

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. 

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or 

unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment 

rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor 

force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force 

as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. 

Additional information about the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. 

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are 

counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are 

produced for the private sector for all employees and for 

production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and 

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and 

logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2012 

version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical. 

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between 

the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from 

the surveys. Among these are: 

 The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, the self-employed, unpaid family 

workers, and private household workers among the 

employed. These groups are excluded from the 

establishment survey. 

 The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not. 

 The household survey is limited to workers 16 

years of age and older. The establishment survey is 

not limited by age. 

 The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance. 

 
Seasonal adjustment 

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, 

and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large 

number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely 

to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative 

to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of 

economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the 

establishment survey, payroll employment in education 

declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term 

and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the 

underlying employment trends in the industry. Because 

seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of 

the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be 

adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more 

discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more 

useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-tomonth economic activity. 

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, 

such as total payroll employment, employment in most 

major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are 

computed by aggregating independently adjusted 

component series. For example, total unemployment is 

derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment 

estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the 

total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more 

detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year. 

Reliability of the estimates 

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 

error. When a sample rather than the entire population is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the "true" population values they represent. The 

exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the 

particular sample selected, and this variability is measured 

by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard 

errors from the "true" population value because of sampling 

error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the 

establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 

100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment 

increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-

percent confidence interval on the monthly change would 

range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000). 

These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by 

these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent 

chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within 

this interval. Since this range includes values of less than 

zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, 

the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then 

all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval 

would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least 

a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, 

risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 

percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly 

change in unemployment as measured by the household 

survey is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in 

the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.19 percentage point. 

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, 

such as for quarterly and annual averages. 

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide correct information on a timely 

basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in 

the collection or processing of the data. 

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates 

for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete 

returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled 

preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive 

revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample 

reports have been received, that the estimate is considered 

final. 

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 
employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment 

gains from business births. This is incorporated into the 

sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting 

sample units going out of business, but imputing to them 

the same employment trend as the other firms in the 

sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net 

birth/death employment. 

The second component is an ARIMA time series 

model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death 

employment not accounted for by the imputation. The 

historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA 

model was derived from the unemployment insurance 

universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual 

residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. 

The sample-based estimates from the establishment 

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough 

proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also 

incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over 

the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total 

nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a 

range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2011

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

June

2012

July

2012

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240,269 243,772 243,983 240,269 243,155 243,354 243,566 243,772 243,983

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154,088 155,075 155,779 154,057 155,163 155,013 154,645 155,063 155,641

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 63.6 63.8 64.1 63.8 63.7 63.5 63.6 63.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,987 143,333 144,039 140,297 142,415 142,220 142,101 142,974 143,384

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 58.8 59.0 58.4 58.6 58.4 58.3 58.7 58.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,102 11,742 11,741 13,759 12,749 12,794 12,544 12,088 12,258

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 7.6 7.5 8.9 8.2 8.3 8.1 7.8 7.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,181 88,697 88,204 86,213 87,992 88,340 88,921 88,710 88,341

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,969 6,427 6,142 6,407 6,520 6,554 6,957 6,727 6,587

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,664 117,600 117,710 116,664 117,277 117,381 117,492 117,600 117,710

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,081 82,341 82,715 82,199 82,450 82,395 82,008 82,384 82,696

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.4 70.0 70.3 70.5 70.3 70.2 69.8 70.1 70.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,931 76,119 76,498 74,492 75,486 75,466 75,161 75,752 76,055

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 64.7 65.0 63.9 64.4 64.3 64.0 64.4 64.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,151 6,221 6,217 7,707 6,964 6,929 6,847 6,632 6,642

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 7.6 7.5 9.4 8.4 8.4 8.3 8.0 8.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,583 35,260 34,995 34,465 34,827 34,987 35,484 35,216 35,014

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,104 108,973 109,096 108,104 108,613 108,727 108,851 108,973 109,096

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,329 79,516 79,873 79,291 79,425 79,353 79,103 79,426 79,708

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.4 73.0 73.2 73.3 73.1 73.0 72.7 72.9 73.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,924 74,060 74,416 72,379 73,259 73,227 73,086 73,597 73,868

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 68.0 68.2 67.0 67.4 67.3 67.1 67.5 67.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,405 5,455 5,457 6,912 6,166 6,125 6,016 5,829 5,840

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 6.9 6.8 8.7 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.3 7.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,776 29,457 29,222 28,813 29,188 29,374 29,748 29,547 29,388

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,605 126,172 126,273 123,605 125,878 125,972 126,073 126,172 126,273

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,007 72,734 73,064 71,858 72,713 72,619 72,637 72,678 72,945

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 57.6 57.9 58.1 57.8 57.6 57.6 57.6 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,056 67,214 67,540 65,805 66,929 66,754 66,940 67,222 67,329

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.4 53.3 53.5 53.2 53.2 53.0 53.1 53.3 53.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,951 5,520 5,523 6,052 5,785 5,865 5,697 5,456 5,616

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 7.6 7.6 8.4 8.0 8.1 7.8 7.5 7.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,598 53,437 53,209 51,748 53,165 53,354 53,437 53,493 53,328

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,437 117,869 117,980 115,437 117,546 117,648 117,760 117,869 117,980

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,208 70,026 70,277 68,981 69,803 69,691 69,781 69,834 70,075

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 59.4 59.6 59.8 59.4 59.2 59.3 59.2 59.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,837 65,058 65,316 63,520 64,628 64,446 64,670 64,952 65,043

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.3 55.2 55.4 55.0 55.0 54.8 54.9 55.1 55.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,371 4,968 4,961 5,461 5,175 5,244 5,111 4,882 5,032

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 7.1 7.1 7.9 7.4 7.5 7.3 7.0 7.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,229 47,842 47,703 46,457 47,743 47,957 47,979 48,034 47,906

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,728 16,931 16,907 16,728 16,997 16,979 16,955 16,931 16,907

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,552 5,533 5,629 5,785 5,936 5,970 5,761 5,802 5,859

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 32.7 33.3 34.6 34.9 35.2 34.0 34.3 34.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,226 4,215 4,306 4,398 4,528 4,546 4,344 4,425 4,473

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.3 24.9 25.5 26.3 26.6 26.8 25.6 26.1 26.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,326 1,318 1,322 1,386 1,408 1,424 1,417 1,378 1,386

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.9 23.8 23.5 24.0 23.7 23.8 24.6 23.7 23.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,176 11,398 11,278 10,943 11,061 11,009 11,194 11,129 11,048

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2011

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

June

2012

July

2012

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193,493 193,503 193,633 193,493 193,120 193,245 193,376 193,503 193,633

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,870 123,922 124,085 124,804 123,783 123,589 123,265 123,662 123,838

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.5 64.0 64.1 64.5 64.1 64.0 63.7 63.9 64.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,421 115,547 115,885 114,837 114,674 114,409 114,340 114,992 115,209

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 59.7 59.8 59.3 59.4 59.2 59.1 59.4 59.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,449 8,374 8,200 9,967 9,109 9,180 8,925 8,670 8,629

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 6.8 6.6 8.0 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.0 7.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,623 69,581 69,548 68,689 69,337 69,656 70,111 69,841 69,795

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,315 64,710 64,923 65,318 64,527 64,467 64,246 64,544 64,759

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.9 73.6 73.7 73.9 73.6 73.4 73.1 73.4 73.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,608 60,718 60,980 60,195 60,001 60,027 59,890 60,274 60,499

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 69.0 69.3 68.1 68.4 68.4 68.1 68.5 68.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,707 3,992 3,943 5,123 4,526 4,440 4,356 4,270 4,261

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 6.2 6.1 7.8 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,952 54,797 54,685 54,685 54,506 54,385 54,411 54,531 54,431

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 59.0 58.8 59.3 58.8 58.6 58.6 58.7 58.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,217 51,333 51,352 50,880 50,918 50,662 50,892 51,105 51,022

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 55.2 55.2 55.1 54.9 54.6 54.8 55.0 54.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,735 3,464 3,333 3,805 3,588 3,723 3,519 3,426 3,409

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 6.3 6.1 7.0 6.6 6.8 6.5 6.3 6.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,604 4,414 4,477 4,801 4,750 4,737 4,609 4,588 4,648

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.0 35.0 35.5 37.6 37.5 37.4 36.5 36.4 36.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,596 3,496 3,553 3,761 3,755 3,720 3,558 3,613 3,689

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1 27.7 28.2 29.4 29.7 29.4 28.2 28.6 29.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,008 918 924 1,040 995 1,017 1,051 975 959

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.9 20.8 20.6 21.7 20.9 21.5 22.8 21.2 20.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,228 29,991 30,027 29,228 29,885 29,918 29,954 29,991 30,027

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,047 18,245 18,767 18,067 18,541 18,383 18,379 18,345 18,732

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 60.8 62.5 61.8 62.0 61.4 61.4 61.2 62.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,471 15,796 16,172 15,351 15,872 15,798 15,797 15,881 16,049

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.9 52.7 53.9 52.5 53.1 52.8 52.7 53.0 53.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,576 2,449 2,595 2,716 2,668 2,585 2,583 2,464 2,684

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 13.4 13.8 15.0 14.4 14.1 14.1 13.4 14.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,181 11,746 11,261 11,161 11,345 11,534 11,575 11,645 11,295

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,182 8,152 8,318 8,180 8,324 8,270 8,228 8,202 8,301

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 66.6 67.8 68.5 68.4 67.8 67.3 67.0 67.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,960 7,050 7,222 6,867 7,146 7,042 7,049 7,035 7,128

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 57.6 58.9 57.5 58.7 57.7 57.7 57.5 58.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,221 1,103 1,096 1,313 1,178 1,227 1,180 1,167 1,173

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 13.5 13.2 16.0 14.2 14.8 14.3 14.2 14.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,254 9,412 9,710 9,262 9,482 9,344 9,455 9,382 9,675

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 62.2 64.1 63.0 63.0 62.0 62.6 62.0 63.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,116 8,325 8,503 8,093 8,281 8,268 8,316 8,364 8,471

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 55.0 56.1 55.0 55.0 54.8 55.1 55.3 55.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,138 1,087 1,206 1,169 1,202 1,076 1,139 1,018 1,204

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 11.5 12.4 12.6 12.7 11.5 12.0 10.9 12.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 681 739 625 735 770 696 761 756

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.7 26.0 28.2 24.3 27.8 29.2 26.4 29.0 28.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 421 446 390 446 488 432 482 450

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3 16.1 17.1 15.2 16.8 18.5 16.4 18.4 17.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 259 293 234 289 282 264 279 307

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.4 38.1 39.6 37.5 39.3 36.6 37.9 36.7 40.5

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,614 12,885 12,939 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2011

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

June

2012

July

2012

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,462 8,204 8,149 – – – – – –

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3 63.7 63.0 – – – – – –

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,916 7,810 7,753 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 60.6 59.9 – – – – – –

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 394 396 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 4.8 4.9 – – – – – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,151 4,681 4,790 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2011

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

June

2012

July

2012

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population.................. 34,724 36,969 37,058 34,724 36,708 36,792 36,881 36,969 37,058

Civilian labor force................................. 23,313 24,465 24,602 23,253 24,588 24,497 24,352 24,477 24,587

Participation rate................................. 67.1 66.2 66.4 67.0 67.0 66.6 66.0 66.2 66.3

Employed......................................... 20,757 22,164 22,221 20,601 21,885 21,966 21,865 22,050 22,118

Employment-population ratio................ 59.8 60.0 60.0 59.3 59.6 59.7 59.3 59.6 59.7

Unemployed...................................... 2,555 2,301 2,381 2,652 2,703 2,531 2,487 2,427 2,469

Unemployment rate........................... 11.0 9.4 9.7 11.4 11.0 10.3 10.2 9.9 10.0

Not in labor force................................... 11,412 12,504 12,456 11,471 12,120 12,294 12,529 12,492 12,471

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 13,182 13,462 13,643 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 82.0 80.8 81.6 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 11,891 12,445 12,506 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 73.9 74.7 74.8 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 1,291 1,017 1,137 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 9.8 7.6 8.3 – – – – – –

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................. 9,141 9,879 9,897 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 60.1 59.3 59.3 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 8,183 8,907 8,959 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 53.8 53.5 53.7 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 958 972 938 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 10.5 9.8 9.5 – – – – – –

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................. 990 1,124 1,062 – – – – – –

Participation rate................................. 28.9 30.7 29.0 – – – – – –

Employed......................................... 683 811 755 – – – – – –

Employment-population ratio................ 19.9 22.2 20.7 – – – – – –

Unemployed...................................... 307 312 306 – – – – – –

Unemployment rate........................... 31.0 27.8 28.9 – – – – – –

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release

of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2011

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

June

2012

July

2012

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................... 11,570 11,337 11,128 11,760 11,384 11,472 11,179 11,199 11,263

Participation rate.................................... 46.6 45.6 45.3 47.4 45.0 46.3 45.4 45.1 45.9

Employed............................................ 10,105 10,155 9,865 10,141 9,952 10,012 9,833 9,932 9,886

Employment-population ratio................... 40.7 40.9 40.2 40.8 39.3 40.4 39.9 40.0 40.2

Unemployed......................................... 1,465 1,182 1,263 1,619 1,431 1,460 1,346 1,267 1,377

Unemployment rate.............................. 12.7 10.4 11.3 13.8 12.6 12.7 12.0 11.3 12.2

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................... 37,140 36,513 36,614 37,368 36,984 37,047 36,703 36,627 36,778

Participation rate.................................... 60.1 59.4 59.8 60.5 60.0 59.7 59.9 59.5 60.1

Employed............................................ 33,882 33,513 33,783 33,828 33,869 33,838 33,486 33,455 33,702

Employment-population ratio................... 54.8 54.5 55.2 54.8 55.0 54.5 54.6 54.4 55.0

Unemployed......................................... 3,258 3,000 2,831 3,540 3,116 3,209 3,217 3,172 3,076

Unemployment rate.............................. 8.8 8.2 7.7 9.5 8.4 8.7 8.8 8.7 8.4

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................... 37,114 37,788 37,905 36,984 37,451 37,398 37,375 37,622 37,775

Participation rate.................................... 69.4 69.1 69.2 69.2 68.9 68.3 68.3 68.8 69.0

Employed............................................ 34,119 35,346 35,307 33,941 34,639 34,729 34,895 35,191 35,176

Employment-population ratio................... 63.8 64.6 64.5 63.5 63.7 63.4 63.8 64.3 64.3

Unemployed......................................... 2,995 2,443 2,598 3,043 2,812 2,669 2,480 2,431 2,599

Unemployment rate.............................. 8.1 6.5 6.9 8.2 7.5 7.1 6.6 6.5 6.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................... 47,346 48,576 49,006 47,006 47,923 47,697 48,404 48,469 48,676

Participation rate.................................... 76.4 76.0 75.8 75.8 76.0 75.8 75.5 75.9 75.3

Employed............................................ 45,348 46,633 47,242 44,960 45,949 45,732 46,400 46,503 46,849

Employment-population ratio................... 73.1 73.0 73.1 72.5 72.9 72.7 72.4 72.8 72.5

Unemployed......................................... 1,998 1,943 1,764 2,046 1,973 1,965 2,004 1,966 1,827

Unemployment rate.............................. 4.2 4.0 3.6 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.8

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2012

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,496 21,072 19,692 19,254 1,804 1,818

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,209 10,948 10,082 9,850 1,128 1,097

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.1 52.0 51.2 51.2 62.5 60.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,350 10,258 9,308 9,266 1,042 993

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 48.7 47.3 48.1 57.8 54.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 689 774 585 85 105

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 6.3 7.7 5.9 7.6 9.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,287 10,124 9,610 9,404 676 721

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,405 2,514 2,036 2,111 369 403

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,980 2,082 1,715 1,795 265 287

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 82.8 84.2 85.1 71.9 71.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,740 1,873 1,503 1,631 236 242

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.3 74.5 73.8 77.3 64.1 60.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 209 211 164 29 44

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 10.0 12.3 9.2 10.9 15.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 432 322 316 103 116

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,941 3,058 2,469 2,570 472 488

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,489 2,566 2,127 2,212 361 354

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.6 83.9 86.2 86.1 76.5 72.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,343 2,433 2,004 2,109 339 324

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.7 79.6 81.2 82.1 71.8 66.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 133 124 103 22 30

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.2 5.8 4.7 6.2 8.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 492 342 358 111 135

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,279 9,744 9,955 9,428 324 316

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,329 3,010 3,239 2,939 90 70

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 30.9 32.5 31.2 27.8 22.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,088 2,850 3,005 2,790 83 60

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.0 29.3 30.2 29.6 25.6 19.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 160 234 149 7 10

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 5.3 7.2 5.1 7.9 –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,951 6,734 6,716 6,488 234 246

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,870 5,756 5,232 5,145 639 611

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,412 3,290 3,001 2,903 411 387

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 57.2 57.4 56.4 64.3 63.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,180 3,102 2,796 2,736 384 366

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 53.9 53.4 53.2 60.1 59.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 188 205 168 27 21

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 5.7 6.8 5.8 6.6 5.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,458 2,466 2,231 2,242 228 224

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209,934 213,964 92,437 93,852 117,497 120,112

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,986 142,934 71,148 71,930 69,838 71,004

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 66.8 77.0 76.6 59.4 59.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,190 132,321 64,997 66,549 64,193 65,773

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 61.8 70.3 70.9 54.6 54.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,796 10,613 6,151 5,382 5,645 5,231

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 7.4 8.6 7.5 8.1 7.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,949 71,030 21,289 21,922 47,659 49,108

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.

Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August

2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time

periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and

another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2012

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population....................................................... 27,214 28,613 213,055 215,369

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 5,802 6,148 148,286 149,631

Participation rate...................................................................... 21.3 21.5 69.6 69.5

Employed.............................................................................. 5,037 5,357 135,949 138,682

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 18.5 18.7 63.8 64.4

Unemployed........................................................................... 765 791 12,337 10,949

Unemployment rate................................................................ 13.2 12.9 8.3 7.3

Not in labor force........................................................................ 21,412 22,466 64,769 65,738

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,649 2,739 75,325 75,564

Participation rate...................................................................... 34.9 35.8 82.4 82.7

Employed.............................................................................. 2,262 2,349 68,806 69,977

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 29.8 30.7 75.2 76.6

Unemployed........................................................................... 387 390 6,519 5,587

Unemployment rate................................................................ 14.6 14.2 8.7 7.4

Not in labor force........................................................................ 4,938 4,904 16,114 15,824

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 2,257 2,349 66,490 67,275

Participation rate...................................................................... 30.6 30.2 70.9 71.0

Employed.............................................................................. 1,960 2,030 61,099 62,276

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 26.6 26.1 65.1 65.7

Unemployed........................................................................... 297 319 5,391 4,999

Unemployment rate................................................................ 13.2 13.6 8.1 7.4

Not in labor force........................................................................ 5,114 5,417 27,337 27,498

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force...................................................................... 896 1,060 6,471 6,792

Participation rate...................................................................... 7.3 8.0 23.3 23.3

Employed.............................................................................. 815 978 6,044 6,428

Employment-population ratio..................................................... 6.7 7.4 21.7 22.0

Unemployed........................................................................... 80 83 427 363

Unemployment rate................................................................ 9.0 7.8 6.6 5.3

Not in labor force........................................................................ 11,360 12,144 21,318 22,417

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing

even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;

has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or

shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2012

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 37,001 38,288 18,378 18,494 18,624 19,794

Civilian labor force................................................... 24,849 25,268 14,532 14,430 10,317 10,838

Participation rate................................................... 67.2 66.0 79.1 78.0 55.4 54.8

Employed........................................................... 22,648 23,388 13,303 13,473 9,345 9,915

Employment-population ratio.................................. 61.2 61.1 72.4 72.8 50.2 50.1

Unemployed........................................................ 2,201 1,880 1,230 958 971 923

Unemployment rate............................................. 8.9 7.4 8.5 6.6 9.4 8.5

Not in labor force..................................................... 12,152 13,020 3,845 4,064 8,307 8,956

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.................................... 203,268 205,695 98,287 99,216 104,981 106,479

Civilian labor force................................................... 129,239 130,511 67,549 68,285 61,690 62,226

Participation rate................................................... 63.6 63.4 68.7 68.8 58.8 58.4

Employed........................................................... 118,338 120,651 61,628 63,026 56,711 57,625

Employment-population ratio.................................. 58.2 58.7 62.7 63.5 54.0 54.1

Unemployed........................................................ 10,901 9,860 5,921 5,260 4,980 4,601

Unemployment rate............................................. 8.4 7.6 8.8 7.7 8.1 7.4

Not in labor force..................................................... 74,029 75,184 30,738 30,931 43,291 44,253

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or

one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the

United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2011

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

June

2012

July

2012

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................... 2,246 2,233 2,222 2,257 2,206 2,235 2,151 2,209 2,214

Wage and salary workers1

....................... 1,339 1,447 1,446 1,317 1,399 1,401 1,391 1,413 1,415

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 873 755 758 864 786 791 739 763 755

Unpaid family workers............................. 34 31 18 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries............................ 138,740 141,101 141,817 138,167 140,205 139,929 139,920 140,769 141,286

Wage and salary workers1

....................... 130,189 132,078 132,967 129,531 131,308 131,043 131,101 131,734 132,383

Government...................................... 20,682 20,725 20,745 20,516 19,938 20,015 20,432 20,619 20,524

Private industries................................ 109,507 111,353 112,222 108,977 111,433 110,974 110,726 111,024 111,771

Private households............................ 771 811 707 – – – – – –

Other industries............................... 108,736 110,541 111,514 108,177 110,671 110,251 109,965 110,218 111,057

Self-employed workers, unincorporated......... 8,501 8,947 8,775 8,553 8,787 8,824 8,720 8,838 8,795

Unpaid family workers............................. 50 76 76 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

................... 8,258 8,110 7,870 8,790 8,210 8,246 8,031 8,613 8,344

Slack work or business conditions............... 5,518 5,309 4,976 5,839 5,446 5,342 5,217 5,523 5,219

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,488 2,589 2,634 2,538 2,514 2,576 2,507 2,572 2,614

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,941 18,970 19,460 18,401 18,829 18,866 18,996 18,736 18,923

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

................... 8,151 8,003 7,768 8,664 8,075 8,111 7,901 8,482 8,225

Slack work or business conditions............... 5,444 5,238 4,910 5,762 5,355 5,282 5,140 5,455 5,161

Could only find part-time work.................... 2,472 2,566 2,613 2,566 2,493 2,559 2,508 2,597 2,634

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 18,543 18,605 19,058 18,003 18,438 18,543 18,656 18,405 18,559

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the

entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,

inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,

retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during

the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2011

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

June

2012

July

2012

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,987 143,333 144,039 140,297 142,415 142,220 142,101 142,974 143,384

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,226 4,215 4,306 4,398 4,528 4,546 4,344 4,425 4,473

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,447 1,471 1,459 1,436 1,471 1,540 1,392 1,433 1,463

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,779 2,744 2,848 2,970 3,069 3,012 2,983 2,989 3,052

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,761 139,118 139,732 135,899 137,887 137,674 137,756 138,550 138,910

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,306 13,472 13,535 13,346 13,361 13,364 13,114 13,482 13,534

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,454 125,646 126,197 122,521 124,506 124,203 124,600 125,017 125,363

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,108 94,814 95,089 93,356 94,069 93,957 94,001 94,378 94,422

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,806 30,947 31,161 30,562 30,650 30,527 30,508 30,768 30,893

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,295 30,794 30,892 30,094 30,450 30,474 30,580 30,663 30,708

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,007 33,074 33,036 32,700 32,969 32,956 32,912 32,947 32,821

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,346 30,832 31,108 29,165 30,437 30,247 30,599 30,639 30,942

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,931 76,119 76,498 74,492 75,486 75,466 75,161 75,752 76,055

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,007 2,059 2,082 2,113 2,227 2,238 2,074 2,155 2,187

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626 665 684 662 654 666 605 646 719

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,381 1,394 1,398 1,449 1,598 1,577 1,511 1,510 1,474

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,924 74,060 74,416 72,379 73,259 73,227 73,086 73,597 73,868

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,017 6,975 7,081 7,081 6,849 6,921 6,760 6,963 7,082

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,907 67,085 67,335 65,331 66,420 66,285 66,368 66,625 66,822

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,406 50,669 50,817 49,901 50,357 50,256 50,147 50,360 50,383

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,884 16,748 16,937 16,668 16,633 16,555 16,487 16,579 16,702

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,360 16,656 16,661 16,240 16,401 16,488 16,512 16,560 16,559

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,162 17,264 17,219 16,992 17,323 17,214 17,148 17,221 17,122

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,501 16,416 16,518 15,430 16,064 16,029 16,221 16,265 16,439

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,056 67,214 67,540 65,805 66,929 66,754 66,940 67,222 67,329

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,219 2,156 2,224 2,286 2,301 2,308 2,270 2,270 2,286

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821 806 775 773 817 873 788 787 744

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,398 1,350 1,450 1,521 1,471 1,434 1,472 1,479 1,578

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,837 65,058 65,316 63,520 64,628 64,446 64,670 64,952 65,043

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,290 6,497 6,454 6,265 6,512 6,444 6,354 6,519 6,452

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,547 58,561 58,862 57,190 58,086 57,918 58,232 58,391 58,541

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,703 44,146 44,272 43,455 43,712 43,700 43,854 44,017 44,039

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,923 14,199 14,224 13,894 14,016 13,972 14,021 14,189 14,191

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,935 14,138 14,231 13,854 14,050 13,986 14,068 14,102 14,149

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,844 15,809 15,816 15,708 15,646 15,743 15,764 15,726 15,699

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,845 14,415 14,590 13,735 14,373 14,218 14,378 14,374 14,503

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,940 44,383 44,484 43,661 43,712 43,715 43,879 43,984 44,114

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,401 34,871 34,716 34,225 34,526 34,381 34,814 34,841 34,558

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,101 9,233 9,442 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,456 115,678 116,045 112,841 114,573 114,345 114,388 115,226 115,459

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,530 27,655 27,993 27,463 27,894 27,925 27,757 27,731 27,875

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,989 6,818 6,976 6,903 6,769 6,845 6,921 6,866 6,908

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,030 5,263 5,383 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,374 9,702 9,532 9,417 9,572 9,616 9,458 9,602 9,550

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated

population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Oct.

2011

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

June

2012

July

2012

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over............................. 13,759 12,088 12,258 8.9 8.2 8.3 8.1 7.8 7.9

16 to 19 years...................................... 1,386 1,378 1,386 24.0 23.7 23.8 24.6 23.7 23.7

16 to 17 years.................................... 484 486 490 25.2 26.8 26.6 29.3 25.3 25.1

18 to 19 years.................................... 895 883 894 23.2 22.0 22.2 22.7 22.8 22.7

20 years and over.................................. 12,373 10,711 10,872 8.3 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.2 7.3

20 to 24 years.................................... 2,159 1,913 2,055 13.9 13.7 13.5 13.9 12.4 13.2

25 years and over............................... 10,280 8,812 8,877 7.7 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.6

25 to 54 years................................. 8,097 6,892 6,975 8.0 7.2 7.2 7.1 6.8 6.9

25 to 34 years.............................. 3,293 2,718 2,799 9.7 8.2 8.2 8.3 8.1 8.3

35 to 44 years.............................. 2,322 2,051 2,055 7.2 7.0 6.9 6.6 6.3 6.3

45 to 54 years.............................. 2,483 2,123 2,121 7.1 6.3 6.5 6.4 6.1 6.1

55 years and over............................. 2,185 1,937 1,920 7.0 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.9 5.8

Men, 16 years and over.............................. 7,707 6,632 6,642 9.4 8.4 8.4 8.3 8.0 8.0

16 to 19 years...................................... 795 803 802 27.3 26.4 26.4 28.6 27.2 26.8

16 to 17 years.................................... 250 278 284 27.4 31.0 30.0 36.5 30.1 28.3

18 to 19 years.................................... 548 520 529 27.4 23.7 24.5 25.5 25.6 26.4

20 years and over.................................. 6,912 5,829 5,840 8.7 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.3 7.3

20 to 24 years.................................... 1,212 1,104 1,147 14.6 15.4 15.2 15.2 13.7 13.9

25 years and over............................... 5,769 4,755 4,765 8.1 7.0 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7

25 to 54 years................................. 4,564 3,648 3,701 8.4 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.8 6.8

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,881 1,443 1,499 10.1 7.8 7.8 8.3 8.0 8.2

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,307 1,084 1,056 7.4 7.0 6.6 6.4 6.1 6.0

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,376 1,121 1,146 7.5 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.1 6.3

55 years and over............................. 1,205 1,107 1,064 7.2 6.7 6.5 6.1 6.4 6.1

Women, 16 years and over.......................... 6,052 5,456 5,616 8.4 8.0 8.1 7.8 7.5 7.7

16 to 19 years...................................... 592 574 584 20.6 21.0 21.2 20.5 20.2 20.3

16 to 17 years.................................... 234 208 206 23.2 23.1 23.9 22.5 20.9 21.7

18 to 19 years.................................... 347 363 364 18.6 20.0 19.6 19.7 19.7 18.8

20 years and over.................................. 5,461 4,882 5,032 7.9 7.4 7.5 7.3 7.0 7.2

20 to 24 years.................................... 947 809 909 13.1 11.8 11.7 12.5 11.0 12.3

25 years and over............................... 4,512 4,057 4,112 7.3 6.9 7.1 6.7 6.5 6.6

25 to 54 years................................. 3,533 3,244 3,274 7.5 7.3 7.4 7.1 6.9 6.9

25 to 34 years.............................. 1,411 1,275 1,299 9.2 8.7 8.6 8.3 8.2 8.4

35 to 44 years.............................. 1,015 966 999 6.8 7.0 7.2 6.9 6.4 6.6

45 to 54 years.............................. 1,107 1,002 975 6.6 6.3 6.6 6.3 6.0 5.8

55 years and over1

........................... 970 849 842 6.5 5.8 6.6 6.2 5.6 5.5

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present....................... 2,678 2,166 2,150 5.8 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.6

Married women, spouse present.................... 2,068 1,830 1,857 5.7 5.4 5.7 5.2 5.0 5.1

Women who maintain families1

.................... 1,275 1,181 1,231 12.3 11.8 11.7 12.3 11.3 11.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2.................................... 11,880 10,429 10,432 9.5 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.3 8.3

Part-time workers3................................... 1,882 1,699 1,841 6.4 6.3 6.5 6.0 5.8 6.2

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.

3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time

jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of

the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2011

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

June

2012

July

2012

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 7,390 6,161 6,125 7,924 7,207 7,123 7,003 6,535 6,575

On temporary layoff................................ 861 787 741 1,226 1,331 1,417 1,246 1,169 1,080

Not on temporary layoff............................ 6,528 5,374 5,383 6,699 5,875 5,705 5,757 5,366 5,495

Permanent job losers............................ 5,170 4,296 4,212 5,308 4,560 4,387 4,484 4,311 4,302

Persons who completed temporary jobs...... 1,359 1,078 1,171 1,391 1,315 1,319 1,273 1,055 1,193

Job leavers............................................. 1,103 1,041 1,065 1,068 936 878 942 957 1,010

Reentrants............................................. 3,368 3,339 3,295 3,387 3,227 3,380 3,318 3,306 3,300

New entrants.......................................... 1,242 1,200 1,255 1,291 1,331 1,311 1,277 1,247 1,301

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 56.4 52.5 52.2 58.0 56.7 56.1 55.8 54.3 54.0

On temporary layoff................................ 6.6 6.7 6.3 9.0 10.5 11.2 9.9 9.7 8.9

Not on temporary layoff............................ 49.8 45.8 45.9 49.0 46.3 45.0 45.9 44.5 45.1

Job leavers............................................. 8.4 8.9 9.1 7.8 7.4 6.9 7.5 7.9 8.3

Reentrants............................................. 25.7 28.4 28.1 24.8 25.4 26.6 26.5 27.4 27.1

New entrants.......................................... 9.5 10.2 10.7 9.4 10.5 10.3 10.2 10.4 10.7

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs...................................... 4.8 4.0 3.9 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.2

Job leavers............................................. 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Reentrants............................................. 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1

New entrants.......................................... 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2011

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

June

2012

July

2012

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 2,443 2,539 2,413 2,676 2,810 2,711 2,844 2,542 2,632

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 2,985 2,660 2,647 3,285 2,826 3,092 2,868 2,826 2,851

15 weeks and over.................................... 7,674 6,542 6,680 7,869 7,182 6,945 6,878 6,703 6,839

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 1,936 1,708 1,766 2,029 1,811 1,760 1,845 1,860 1,836

27 weeks and over................................. 5,738 4,835 4,915 5,839 5,370 5,185 5,033 4,844 5,002

Average (mean) duration, in weeks1

.............. 39.8 40.2 40.9 39.2 39.9 38.8 39.2 39.8 40.2

Median duration, in weeks........................... 21.1 18.9 20.3 20.8 19.8 16.7 18.0 18.5 19.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................... 18.6 21.6 20.6 19.4 21.9 21.3 22.6 21.1 21.4

5 to 14 weeks......................................... 22.8 22.7 22.5 23.8 22.0 24.3 22.8 23.4 23.1

15 weeks and over.................................... 58.6 55.7 56.9 56.9 56.0 54.5 54.6 55.5 55.5

15 to 26 weeks..................................... 14.8 14.5 15.0 14.7 14.1 13.8 14.7 15.4 14.9

27 weeks and over................................. 43.8 41.2 41.9 42.2 41.9 40.7 40.0 40.1 40.6

1 Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2012

Total, 16 years and over1............................................. 140,987 144,039 13,102 11,741 8.5 7.5

Management, professional, and related occupations............ 52,864 55,223 2,410 2,170 4.4 3.8

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations...................................................... 21,700 22,998 1,068 848 4.7 3.6

Professional and related occupations........................... 31,164 32,225 1,342 1,323 4.1 3.9

Service occupations.................................................. 25,108 25,341 2,772 2,529 9.9 9.1

Sales and office occupations....................................... 32,932 33,139 3,023 2,555 8.4 7.2

Sales and related occupations................................... 15,323 15,662 1,368 1,187 8.2 7.0

Office and administrative support occupations................. 17,609 17,477 1,655 1,368 8.6 7.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations......................................................... 13,121 13,206 1,746 1,489 11.7 10.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 1,028 1,004 174 122 14.5 10.9

Construction and extraction occupations....................... 7,125 7,195 1,184 1,034 14.2 12.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............. 4,969 5,008 388 332 7.2 6.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations......................................................... 16,963 17,130 1,857 1,693 9.9 9.0

Production occupations........................................... 8,474 8,723 897 830 9.6 8.7

Transportation and material moving occupations.............. 8,489 8,407 961 863 10.2 9.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2012

Total, 16 years and over1................................................................ 13,102 11,741 8.5 7.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers................................... 10,126 8,892 8.5 7.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..................................... 69 61 7.8 6.1

Construction........................................................................... 1,129 930 13.7 11.4

Manufacturing......................................................................... 1,200 1,102 7.7 7.0

Durable goods...................................................................... 759 672 8.0 6.8

Nondurable goods................................................................. 441 430 7.3 7.4

Wholesale and retail trade.......................................................... 1,764 1,457 8.6 7.1

Transportation and utilities.......................................................... 462 376 7.8 6.6

Information............................................................................ 195 215 6.6 7.7

Financial activities.................................................................... 524 442 5.8 4.9

Professional and business services................................................ 1,495 1,252 10.1 8.1

Education and health services...................................................... 1,221 1,244 5.6 5.5

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 1,448 1,352 10.8 9.9

Other services........................................................................ 618 460 9.6 6.7

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers.......................... 198 146 13.4 9.5

Government workers.................................................................... 924 907 4.3 4.2

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............. 612 540 6.1 5.3

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2011

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

June

2012

July

2012

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012

Oct.

2012

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force.............. 5.0 4.2 4.3 5.1 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.4

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force........................................... 4.8 4.0 3.9 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.2

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate).................................................. 8.5 7.6 7.5 8.9 8.2 8.3 8.1 7.8 7.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus

discouraged workers............................... 9.1 8.0 8.0 9.5 8.7 8.8 8.6 8.3 8.4

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,

plus all other persons marginally attached to

the labor force, as a percent of the civilian

labor force plus all persons marginally attached

to the labor force................................... 10.0 9.0 9.0 10.4 9.7 9.7 9.6 9.3 9.3

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic reasons,

as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all

persons marginally attached to the labor

force.................................................. 15.3 14.2 13.9 16.0 14.9 15.0 14.7 14.7 14.6

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are

available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a

job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for

full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2012

Oct.

2011

Oct.

2012

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................. 86,181 88,204 34,583 34,995 51,598 53,209

Persons who currently want a job.................................. 5,969 6,142 2,818 2,666 3,151 3,476

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 2,555 2,433 1,358 1,144 1,196 1,289

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 967 813 575 460 392 353

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .. 1,588 1,620 783 684 805 936

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 6,989 6,976 3,415 3,427 3,574 3,550

Percent of total employed........................................... 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.5 5.4 5.3

Primary job full time, secondary job part time.................... 3,631 3,633 1,993 2,027 1,638 1,607

Primary and secondary jobs both part time....................... 1,851 1,899 588 603 1,263 1,296

Primary and secondary jobs both full time........................ 222 253 156 159 65 95

Hours vary on primary or secondary job.......................... 1,251 1,150 659 613 592 537

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,

but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling

or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation

problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Change

from:

Sept.2012

-

Oct.2012p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,870 133,234 133,881 134,792 131,806 133,436 133,584 133,755 171

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,479 112,368 112,038 112,399 109,781 111,432 111,560 111,744 184

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,414 18,742 18,653 18,625 18,106 18,322 18,309 18,330 21

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822 857 848 836 810 835 834 825 -9

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.0 52.1 52.6 51.9 47.0 49.5 49.8 49.7 -0.1

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773.2 804.5 795.7 784.0 762.9 785.7 783.7 774.8 -8.9

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.2 198.4 195.9 194.6 182.6 195.5 195.4 195.1 -0.3

Mining, except oil and gas1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.4 224.0 222.1 219.4 220.6 215.7 215.9 214.7 -1.2

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.1 82.2 81.2 80.0 87.4 81.9 81.2 80.4 -0.8

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365.6 382.1 377.7 370.0 359.7 374.5 372.4 365.0 -7.4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,753 5,813 5,770 5,770 5,519 5,520 5,522 5,539 17

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,268.0 1,267.8 1,258.6 1,262.1 1,230.4 1,218.4 1,220.9 1,223.5 2.6

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584.6 589.1 582.6 577.2 567.1 562.9 562.3 560.3 -2.0

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683.4 678.7 676.0 684.9 663.3 655.5 658.6 663.2 4.6

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . . 896.8 912.2 911.5 903.7 832.3 843.0 841.5 839.0 -2.5

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,588.2 3,633.2 3,600.2 3,603.7 3,456.4 3,458.6 3,459.7 3,476.5 16.8

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . 1,510.1 1,541.1 1,527.8 1,529.7 1,453.9 1,465.8 1,466.3 1,473.0 6.7

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . . 2,078.1 2,092.1 2,072.4 2,074.0 2,002.5 1,992.8 1,993.4 2,003.5 10.1

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,839 12,072 12,035 12,019 11,777 11,967 11,953 11,966 13

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,346 7,530 7,496 7,493 7,317 7,486 7,471 7,476 5

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333.9 334.8 333.4 333.5 332.0 327.6 329.1 331.8 2.7

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.5 369.6 367.2 368.0 364.1 359.5 359.1 360.5 1.4

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398.3 409.6 406.4 406.4 397.7 408.3 405.0 406.0 1.0

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,359.9 1,416.5 1,412.2 1,410.7 1,349.6 1,406.9 1,406.4 1,405.2 -1.2

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,072.8 1,108.2 1,101.1 1,102.4 1,070.4 1,105.2 1,103.9 1,102.8 -1.1

Computer and electronic products1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,110.1 1,110.3 1,098.6 1,100.8 1,111.0 1,105.9 1,100.0 1,101.6 1.6

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . . 160.8 167.8 164.2 164.4 160.7 167.1 164.7 164.6 -0.1

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.3 108.4 108.1 107.0 113.2 108.3 107.8 107.0 -0.8

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387.7 387.7 384.5 386.8 388.2 386.2 385.0 387.0 2.0

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402.9 401.6 397.6 398.3 403.6 399.7 398.2 398.9 0.7

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . . 368.0 373.2 372.8 371.5 367.8 372.0 372.0 371.9 -0.1

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,404.1 1,468.8 1,471.2 1,470.0 1,400.8 1,468.9 1,467.5 1,468.9 1.4

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731.8 779.3 779.6 774.9 728.8 779.8 776.3 774.2 -2.1

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.3 355.9 352.0 349.9 351.0 350.7 349.1 349.0 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574.3 582.7 580.6 579.3 572.4 580.5 579.3 578.3 -1.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,493 4,542 4,539 4,526 4,460 4,481 4,482 4,490 8

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,478.5 1,507.1 1,506.3 1,499.7 1,456.2 1,467.9 1,469.9 1,473.6 3.7

Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . . 195.9 206.1 208.0 206.3 191.2 199.7 200.2 201.7 1.5

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.5 119.1 119.9 118.1 119.4 118.8 119.2 118.4 -0.8

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.4 114.3 113.3 113.9 114.8 113.4 113.1 113.5 0.4

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.7 146.3 148.3 147.6 152.5 146.3 146.8 146.9 0.1

Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 29.3 29.4 29.0 29.7 29.1 29.1 28.7 -0.4

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391.8 391.1 390.4 388.1 391.4 389.6 389.1 388.2 -0.9

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . . 465.2 456.2 451.7 452.6 463.5 454.5 450.1 451.0 0.9

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.6 116.1 116.6 118.2 113.3 113.8 114.2 114.8 0.6

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791.3 801.1 801.3 801.1 793.2 798.7 801.1 802.7 1.6

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636.3 655.0 653.4 651.6 634.7 649.0 648.8 650.4 1.6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,065 93,626 93,385 93,774 91,675 93,110 93,251 93,414 163

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,174 25,368 25,354 25,515 25,102 25,370 25,402 25,447 45

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,565.2 5,667.2 5,641.3 5,665.4 5,547.2 5,646.1 5,643.1 5,649.6 6.5

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,768.0 2,812.0 2,799.2 2,800.3 2,761.3 2,799.8 2,797.1 2,794.3 -2.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,955.1 1,987.5 1,978.0 1,996.9 1,946.5 1,980.6 1,980.8 1,988.8 8.0

Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. . 842.1 867.7 864.1 868.2 839.4 865.7 865.2 866.5 1.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,699.8 14,771.0 14,710.3 14,840.4 14,690.9 14,768.3 14,795.6 14,832.0 36.4

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,708.7 1,735.7 1,736.1 1,739.1 1,701.4 1,719.9 1,724.5 1,731.8 7.3

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,069.6 1,093.5 1,095.7 1,098.6 1,066.1 1,087.2 1,091.0 1,095.3 4.3

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Change

from:

Sept.2012

-

Oct.2012p

Retail trade - Continued

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . 453.4 448.0 447.0 464.4 447.0 453.9 453.3 456.8 3.5

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 517.9 491.1 488.2 496.3 516.6 498.1 495.9 495.9 0.0

Building material and garden supply stores.. . 1,122.0 1,159.9 1,139.1 1,132.6 1,137.9 1,148.4 1,152.7 1,153.7 1.0

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,845.3 2,899.1 2,883.0 2,891.7 2,841.1 2,883.1 2,886.3 2,888.9 2.6

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 984.0 1,000.9 999.8 1,007.5 985.8 1,002.3 1,004.4 1,008.7 4.3

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830.7 843.8 837.0 832.8 828.6 830.4 830.9 831.2 0.3

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . 1,366.0 1,388.8 1,376.9 1,402.5 1,364.3 1,384.2 1,394.7 1,397.8 3.1

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569.1 573.3 572.6 573.1 571.6 570.1 568.6 572.5 3.9

General merchandise stores1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,078.2 3,014.0 3,001.9 3,044.3 3,091.9 3,053.4 3,055.8 3,061.4 5.6

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,536.8 1,478.7 1,466.4 1,484.0 1,550.9 1,510.7 1,507.1 1,505.1 -2.0

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776.8 785.4 795.2 809.1 769.4 786.3 792.4 797.9 5.5

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447.7 431.0 433.5 447.0 435.3 438.2 436.1 435.4 -0.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,352.1 4,362.2 4,437.5 4,443.5 4,306.8 4,390.6 4,397.8 4,400.0 2.2

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455.9 460.7 455.4 451.1 456.1 456.5 453.9 452.0 -1.9

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.2 233.7 230.5 230.0 231.5 231.3 230.4 229.8 -0.6

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 69.5 68.4 68.4 63.1 67.1 67.2 67.8 0.6

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,326.9 1,377.6 1,371.5 1,372.4 1,307.1 1,350.9 1,350.7 1,354.3 3.6

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452.4 376.2 457.7 466.5 435.7 440.8 444.9 447.1 2.2

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.1 44.1 44.3 44.2 43.0 44.1 44.3 44.2 -0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . . 30.7 38.9 36.4 30.8 29.6 30.2 31.0 30.1 -0.9

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . . 573.1 582.6 584.8 587.8 569.8 582.9 585.5 585.3 -0.2

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519.4 516.8 521.0 515.9 523.3 525.5 525.9 521.4 -4.5

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654.7 662.1 667.5 676.4 647.6 661.3 664.0 668.0 4.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556.7 567.2 564.6 565.2 556.7 565.4 565.8 565.7 -0.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,643 2,647 2,615 2,621 2,646 2,634 2,625 2,626 1

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . 749.4 742.0 739.6 740.3 748.6 739.7 739.6 738.9 -0.7

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.9 386.4 361.9 361.9 356.5 374.4 368.2 368.4 0.2

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281.9 277.9 280.1 279.4 280.3 278.6 279.0 278.4 -0.6

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852.4 827.4 823.5 828.5 853.1 829.5 827.6 829.0 1.4

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.0 242.4 239.3 239.9 242.4 242.7 240.3 240.3 0.0

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.7 171.0 170.1 170.6 165.3 169.3 170.5 170.5 0.0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,686 7,796 7,761 7,766 7,680 7,745 7,759 7,763 4

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,745.2 5,800.7 5,787.2 5,800.8 5,744.1 5,791.6 5,798.2 5,801.8 3.6

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 19.3 19.4 19.2 19.4 19.4 19.2 19.2 19.3 0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,553.2 2,598.9 2,598.9 2,603.4 2,552.2 2,596.6 2,604.3 2,606.6 2.3

Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . 1,736.8 1,750.7 1,744.5 1,748.2 1,738.2 1,746.8 1,750.6 1,752.1 1.5

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,313.6 1,319.4 1,314.4 1,317.5 1,314.7 1,316.1 1,319.3 1,320.3 1.0

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807.7 807.0 799.9 803.0 807.1 804.0 801.7 801.9 0.2

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . . 2,280.7 2,290.4 2,285.2 2,290.5 2,281.5 2,287.1 2,288.6 2,289.6 1.0

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . . 84.3 85.0 84.0 84.5 83.9 84.7 84.4 84.4 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,941.0 1,995.7 1,973.3 1,964.9 1,935.9 1,953.8 1,960.4 1,961.0 0.6

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,409.4 1,441.5 1,427.5 1,423.5 1,404.4 1,415.5 1,420.6 1,420.2 -0.4

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507.3 530.9 522.6 518.3 507.2 514.9 516.6 517.7 1.1

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . . 24.3 23.3 23.2 23.1 24.3 23.4 23.2 23.1 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,658 18,071 18,035 18,171 17,482 17,948 17,956 18,007 51

Professional and technical services1. . . . . . . . . . . 7,741.4 7,931.4 7,901.5 7,958.9 7,772.1 7,970.2 7,981.3 7,996.8 15.5

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,115.8 1,120.3 1,114.5 1,121.9 1,115.0 1,119.7 1,121.0 1,121.6 0.6

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . . 870.3 876.6 874.4 877.5 940.4 953.0 952.6 952.9 0.3

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . 1,308.5 1,343.7 1,335.8 1,337.2 1,299.3 1,325.1 1,328.0 1,329.5 1.5

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,555.8 1,617.1 1,613.6 1,630.9 1,548.5 1,612.6 1,616.9 1,623.5 6.6

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,100.9 1,153.0 1,147.5 1,161.0 1,091.6 1,148.2 1,147.4 1,151.9 4.5

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Change

from:

Sept.2012

-

Oct.2012p

Professional and business services - Continued

Management of companies and enterprises. . . . 1,926.1 1,959.2 1,955.1 1,956.1 1,926.8 1,952.3 1,954.4 1,956.8 2.4

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,990.7 8,180.6 8,178.6 8,256.4 7,782.9 8,025.2 8,019.8 8,053.2 33.4

Administrative and support services1

. . . . . . . . 7,618.6 7,801.7 7,804.1 7,883.1 7,413.5 7,653.9 7,648.9 7,682.4 33.5

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,121.8 3,255.1 3,271.0 3,328.0 2,985.5 3,204.2 3,187.9 3,203.7 15.8

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,476.8 2,571.4 2,597.1 2,653.9 2,357.9 2,538.5 2,526.7 2,540.3 13.6

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820.8 814.6 821.0 843.2 811.3 826.7 828.0 833.3 5.3

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . . 1,833.7 1,871.8 1,852.0 1,851.0 1,787.4 1,777.8 1,787.2 1,800.5 13.3

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.1 378.9 374.5 373.3 369.4 371.3 370.9 370.8 -0.1

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,201 20,031 20,331 20,611 20,026 20,365 20,415 20,440 25

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,409.7 3,025.5 3,281.3 3,477.0 3,261.1 3,335.1 3,345.2 3,337.6 -7.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,791.7 17,005.8 17,049.9 17,134.0 16,764.6 17,029.7 17,069.9 17,102.4 32.5

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,173.1 14,410.4 14,417.0 14,474.2 14,158.2 14,386.8 14,424.0 14,454.5 30.5

Ambulatory health care services1

. . . . . . . . . 6,231.1 6,367.5 6,387.0 6,434.0 6,217.3 6,363.6 6,389.6 6,414.5 24.9

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,388.1 2,433.2 2,435.3 2,457.9 2,382.1 2,433.2 2,439.2 2,450.4 11.2

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633.1 665.8 668.8 674.2 632.1 666.5 671.6 673.3 1.7

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,158.2 1,196.6 1,210.7 1,220.8 1,156.1 1,198.8 1,207.7 1,215.6 7.9

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,759.0 4,830.5 4,830.1 4,839.4 4,757.6 4,825.0 4,832.8 4,839.0 6.2

Nursing and residential care facilities1

. . . . 3,183.0 3,212.4 3,199.9 3,200.8 3,183.3 3,198.2 3,201.6 3,201.0 -0.6

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,670.9 1,664.6 1,660.5 1,659.4 1,671.8 1,659.0 1,660.0 1,659.5 -0.5

Social assistance1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,618.6 2,595.4 2,632.9 2,659.8 2,606.4 2,642.9 2,645.9 2,647.9 2.0

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852.7 796.5 842.9 854.6 842.8 842.4 842.0 842.4 0.4

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,357 14,294 13,906 13,692 13,394 13,670 13,706 13,734 28

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,871.1 2,191.2 1,991.6 1,895.8 1,909.9 1,928.5 1,929.2 1,934.5 5.3

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . . 399.2 434.6 423.8 411.8 395.1 405.4 407.7 408.0 0.3

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.4 145.3 136.7 135.6 133.2 134.3 134.7 135.5 0.8

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . . 1,338.5 1,611.3 1,431.1 1,348.4 1,381.6 1,388.8 1,386.8 1,391.0 4.2

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,486.3 12,103.0 11,913.9 11,796.5 11,484.4 11,741.0 11,776.5 11,799.3 22.8

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,800.2 1,954.9 1,852.0 1,795.9 1,811.8 1,811.7 1,807.0 1,806.9 -0.1

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . 9,686.1 10,148.1 10,061.9 10,000.6 9,672.6 9,929.3 9,969.5 9,992.4 22.9

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,346 5,419 5,383 5,398 5,345 5,378 5,388 5,397 9

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,165.3 1,166.6 1,168.6 1,168.8 1,164.4 1,161.9 1,163.8 1,166.5 2.7

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,286.3 1,308.5 1,302.2 1,304.6 1,289.7 1,300.6 1,301.8 1,306.9 5.1

Membership associations and organizations. . . . 2,894.1 2,943.7 2,912.2 2,924.4 2,891.1 2,915.7 2,922.7 2,923.4 0.7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,391 20,866 21,843 22,393 22,025 22,004 22,024 22,011 -13

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,846.0 2,821.0 2,813.0 2,807.0 2,844.0 2,808.0 2,810.0 2,804.0 -6.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,217.2 2,212.5 2,211.0 2,195.6 2,219.9 2,197.7 2,202.7 2,196.6 -6.1

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628.7 608.8 601.8 611.7 623.7 610.2 607.5 607.4 -0.1

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,215.0 4,789.0 5,107.0 5,242.0 5,063.0 5,065.0 5,092.0 5,085.0 -7.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,549.7 2,128.4 2,466.0 2,615.8 2,390.1 2,421.3 2,451.5 2,448.9 -2.6

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 2,665.3 2,660.8 2,641.2 2,625.9 2,673.3 2,643.2 2,640.6 2,635.9 -4.7

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,330.0 13,256.0 13,923.0 14,344.0 14,118.0 14,131.0 14,122.0 14,122.0 0.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,113.3 6,826.1 7,677.8 8,133.7 7,866.0 7,876.8 7,876.9 7,874.0 -2.9

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 6,217.1 6,429.8 6,244.8 6,210.6 6,252.3 6,253.7 6,245.2 6,248.0 2.8

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 34.4 34.4 34.4 34.4

Goods-producing..................................................................... 40.1 40.1 40.2 40.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.4 43.5 43.5 43.4

Construction........................................................................ 38.1 38.6 38.8 38.8

Manufacturing...................................................................... 40.6 40.5 40.6 40.5

Durable goods................................................................... 41.0 40.7 40.9 40.8

Nondurable goods............................................................... 40.0 40.1 40.1 40.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 34.6 34.5 34.5 34.4

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.8 38.6 38.6 38.5

Retail trade....................................................................... 31.7 31.5 31.5 31.4

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 38.3 38.2 38.3 38.5

Utilities............................................................................ 42.2 41.7 41.8 41.5

Information.......................................................................... 36.7 36.4 36.5 36.2

Financial activities................................................................. 37.5 37.2 37.4 37.3

Professional and business services............................................. 35.8 36.0 36.0 35.8

Education and health services................................................... 32.8 32.9 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 26.0 26.0 26.0 25.9

Other services...................................................................... 31.7 31.5 31.5 31.5

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

Durable goods........................................................................ 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Total private................................................. $23.22 $23.52 $23.59 $23.58 $ 798.77 $ 809.09 $ 811.50 $ 811.15

Goods-producing........................................ 24.56 24.73 24.83 24.76 984.86 991.67 998.17 992.88

Mining and logging................................... 28.23 28.78 28.99 28.81 1,281.64 1,251.93 1,261.07 1,250.35

Construction........................................... 25.47 25.75 25.87 25.86 970.41 993.95 1,003.76 1,003.37

Manufacturing......................................... 23.87 23.97 24.05 23.97 969.12 970.79 976.43 970.79

Durable goods...................................... 25.43 25.38 25.45 25.32 1,042.63 1,032.97 1,040.91 1,033.06

Nondurable goods................................. 21.26 21.59 21.68 21.68 850.40 865.76 869.37 867.20

Private service-providing............................... 22.91 23.23 23.30 23.30 762.90 773.56 775.89 773.56

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 20.16 20.54 20.57 20.61 697.54 708.63 709.67 708.98

Wholesale trade.................................... 26.43 26.86 26.93 27.02 1,025.48 1,036.80 1,039.50 1,040.27

Retail trade.......................................... 15.96 16.36 16.39 16.43 505.93 515.34 516.29 515.90

Transportation and warehousing................. 21.87 22.00 21.95 21.97 837.62 840.40 840.69 845.85

Utilities............................................... 33.95 34.23 34.53 34.22 1,432.69 1,427.39 1,443.35 1,420.13

Information............................................. 31.39 31.46 31.74 31.69 1,152.01 1,145.14 1,158.51 1,147.18

Financial activities.................................... 28.21 29.23 29.34 29.33 1,057.88 1,087.36 1,097.32 1,094.01

Professional and business services................ 27.98 28.06 28.16 28.10 1,001.68 1,010.16 1,013.76 1,005.98

Education and health services...................... 23.82 24.18 24.24 24.28 781.30 795.52 797.50 798.81

Leisure and hospitality............................... 13.29 13.39 13.38 13.35 345.54 348.14 347.88 345.77

Other services......................................... 20.61 20.78 20.86 20.88 653.34 654.57 657.09 657.72

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2012 -

Oct.

2012p

Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2012 -

Oct.

2012p

Total private....................................... 94.6 96.1 96.2 96.3 0.1 104.8 107.7 108.2 108.3 0.1

Goods-producing............................... 82.7 83.7 83.9 83.7 -0.2 91.8 93.6 94.1 93.7 -0.4

Mining and logging.......................... 115.6 114.1 114.0 112.5 -1.3 131.0 131.9 132.7 130.1 -2.0

Construction.................................. 72.5 73.4 73.9 74.1 0.3 80.2 82.2 83.0 83.2 0.2

Manufacturing................................ 86.0 87.2 87.3 87.2 -0.1 95.5 97.2 97.6 97.2 -0.4

Durable goods............................ 84.5 85.8 86.0 85.9 -0.1 95.4 96.7 97.2 96.6 -0.6

Nondurable goods........................ 89.0 89.7 89.7 89.6 -0.1 96.1 98.3 98.7 98.6 -0.1

Private service-providing...................... 98.0 99.6 99.7 99.6 -0.1 108.8 112.1 112.6 112.4 -0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 94.5 95.2 95.3 95.2 -0.1 102.5 105.2 105.5 105.6 0.1

Wholesale trade........................... 93.9 95.1 95.0 94.9 -0.1 103.6 106.6 106.8 107.0 0.2

Retail trade................................ 94.6 94.5 94.7 94.6 -0.1 99.8 102.2 102.6 102.8 0.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 94.4 96.0 96.4 97.0 0.6 104.8 107.2 107.4 108.1 0.7

Utilities..................................... 101.6 102.0 102.3 101.6 -0.7 114.0 115.4 116.7 114.8 -1.6

Information................................... 88.7 87.6 87.5 86.8 -0.8 99.1 98.1 98.9 98.0 -0.9

Financial activities........................... 94.9 94.9 95.6 95.4 -0.2 104.5 108.3 109.5 109.2 -0.3

Professional and business services....... 98.4 101.6 101.7 101.4 -0.3 111.6 115.5 116.0 115.4 -0.5

Education and health services............. 106.9 109.1 109.3 109.5 0.2 119.3 123.6 124.2 124.5 0.2

Leisure and hospitality...................... 99.4 101.4 101.7 101.5 -0.2 106.5 109.6 109.8 109.3 -0.5

Other services............................... 93.9 93.9 94.0 94.2 0.2 109.8 110.7 111.3 111.6 0.3

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Total nonfarm............................................... 65,170 65,812 65,886 65,977 49.4 49.3 49.3 49.3

Total private.............................................. 52,570 53,275 53,340 53,419 47.9 47.8 47.8 47.8

Goods-producing...................................... 4,050 4,095 4,092 4,094 22.4 22.4 22.3 22.3

Mining and logging................................. 107 114 113 113 13.2 13.7 13.5 13.7

Construction........................................ 708 716 717 716 12.8 13.0 13.0 12.9

Manufacturing....................................... 3,235 3,265 3,262 3,265 27.5 27.3 27.3 27.3

Durable goods................................... 1,711 1,729 1,727 1,728 23.4 23.1 23.1 23.1

Nondurable goods............................... 1,524 1,536 1,535 1,537 34.2 34.3 34.2 34.2

Private service-providing............................. 48,520 49,180 49,248 49,325 52.9 52.8 52.8 52.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities............... 10,021 10,083 10,081 10,105 39.9 39.7 39.7 39.7

Wholesale trade................................. 1,670.6 1,703.2 1,692.5 1,694.4 30.1 30.2 30.0 30.0

Retail trade....................................... 7,213.4 7,221.0 7,229.0 7,250.8 49.1 48.9 48.9 48.9

Transportation and warehousing.............. 1,001.8 1,018.3 1,018.8 1,018.0 23.3 23.2 23.2 23.1

Utilities............................................ 135.0 140.3 140.8 141.6 24.3 24.8 24.9 25.0

Information.......................................... 1,073 1,059 1,054 1,057 40.6 40.2 40.2 40.3

Financial activities.................................. 4,463 4,488 4,502 4,504 58.1 57.9 58.0 58.0

Professional and business services............. 7,777 7,946 7,955 7,954 44.5 44.3 44.3 44.2

Education and health services................... 15,372 15,632 15,671 15,694 76.8 76.8 76.8 76.8

Leisure and hospitality............................. 6,996 7,133 7,140 7,158 52.2 52.2 52.1 52.1

Other services...................................... 2,818 2,839 2,845 2,853 52.7 52.8 52.8 52.9

Government.............................................. 12,600 12,537 12,546 12,558 57.2 57.0 57.0 57.1

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data in this table have been corrected. For more information see http://www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_usps_correction.htm.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Total private................................................................................ 90,546 92,066 92,191 92,358

Goods-producing........................................................................ 13,050 13,180 13,166 13,188

Mining and logging................................................................... 613 626 627 620

Construction........................................................................... 4,169 4,132 4,135 4,151

Manufacturing......................................................................... 8,268 8,422 8,404 8,417

Durable goods...................................................................... 5,021 5,159 5,146 5,152

Nondurable goods................................................................. 3,247 3,263 3,258 3,265

Private service-providing............................................................... 77,496 78,886 79,025 79,170

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................................................. 21,285 21,536 21,565 21,618

Wholesale trade.................................................................... 4,443.4 4,548.5 4,547.5 4,555.0

Retail trade......................................................................... 12,686.2 12,735.9 12,757.4 12,792.0

Transportation and warehousing................................................. 3,712.1 3,800.5 3,808.3 3,819.1

Utilities............................................................................... 443.2 451.2 451.7 451.6

Information............................................................................ 2,122 2,132 2,126 2,126

Financial activities.................................................................... 5,890 5,964 5,973 5,976

Professional and business services................................................ 14,382 14,850 14,878 14,920

Education and health services...................................................... 17,534 17,858 17,890 17,904

Leisure and hospitality............................................................... 11,805 12,052 12,094 12,121

Other services........................................................................ 4,478 4,494 4,499 4,505

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private.............................................................................. 33.7 33.6 33.7 33.6

Goods-producing..................................................................... 40.9 40.9 41.0 41.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 47.5 45.9 46.0 45.5

Construction........................................................................ 38.8 39.0 39.2 39.4

Manufacturing...................................................................... 41.5 41.5 41.5 41.5

Durable goods................................................................... 41.9 41.8 41.9 41.9

Nondurable goods............................................................... 40.9 41.0 41.0 41.0

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.5 32.4 32.5 32.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities............................................... 33.8 33.7 33.7 33.6

Wholesale trade................................................................. 38.7 38.5 38.7 38.6

Retail trade....................................................................... 30.7 30.5 30.4 30.2

Transportation and warehousing.............................................. 37.8 37.8 37.9 38.1

Utilities............................................................................ 41.9 41.0 41.1 40.7

Information.......................................................................... 36.3 35.8 35.8 35.6

Financial activities................................................................. 36.6 36.7 36.8 36.8

Professional and business services............................................. 35.3 35.2 35.3 35.0

Education and health services................................................... 32.4 32.3 32.3 32.2

Leisure and hospitality............................................................ 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.9

Other services...................................................................... 30.9 30.5 30.6 30.5

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing............................................................................ 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1

Durable goods........................................................................ 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1

Nondurable goods.................................................................... 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Total private................................................. $19.57 $19.75 $19.80 $19.79 $ 659.51 $ 663.60 $ 667.26 $ 664.94

Goods-producing........................................ 20.75 20.94 20.94 20.99 848.68 856.45 858.54 862.69

Mining and logging................................... 24.85 25.83 25.77 26.12 1,180.38 1,185.60 1,185.42 1,188.46

Construction........................................... 23.72 23.97 23.99 24.04 920.34 934.83 940.41 947.18

Manufacturing......................................... 19.00 19.14 19.12 19.15 788.50 794.31 793.48 794.73

Durable goods...................................... 20.20 20.24 20.21 20.18 846.38 846.03 846.80 845.54

Nondurable goods................................. 17.10 17.36 17.37 17.48 699.39 711.76 712.17 716.68

Private service-providing............................... 19.32 19.50 19.56 19.54 627.90 631.80 635.70 631.14

Trade, transportation, and utilities.................. 17.26 17.40 17.45 17.46 583.39 586.38 588.07 586.66

Wholesale trade.................................... 22.07 22.17 22.23 22.24 854.11 853.55 860.30 858.46

Retail trade.......................................... 13.62 13.80 13.84 13.86 418.13 420.90 420.74 418.57

Transportation and warehousing................. 19.67 19.49 19.47 19.46 743.53 736.72 737.91 741.43

Utilities............................................... 30.96 31.61 31.82 31.72 1,297.22 1,296.01 1,307.80 1,291.00

Information............................................. 26.83 26.98 27.17 27.06 973.93 965.88 972.69 963.34

Financial activities.................................... 21.99 22.76 22.85 22.91 804.83 835.29 840.88 843.09

Professional and business services................ 23.15 23.27 23.37 23.27 817.20 819.10 824.96 814.45

Education and health services...................... 20.99 21.06 21.11 21.11 680.08 680.24 681.85 679.74

Leisure and hospitality............................... 11.50 11.63 11.62 11.62 285.20 289.59 289.34 289.34

Other services......................................... 17.41 17.52 17.55 17.58 537.97 534.36 537.03 536.19

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2012 -

Oct.

2012p

Oct.

2011

Aug.

2012

Sept.

2012p

Oct.

2012p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2012 -

Oct.

2012p

Total private....................................... 102.0 103.4 103.8 103.7 -0.1 133.3 136.4 137.3 137.1 -0.1

Goods-producing............................... 81.6 82.4 82.5 82.8 0.4 103.6 105.6 105.8 106.5 0.7

Mining and logging.......................... 154.7 152.7 153.3 149.9 -2.2 223.6 229.4 229.7 227.7 -0.9

Construction.................................. 81.0 80.7 81.2 81.9 0.9 103.7 104.4 105.1 106.3 1.1

Manufacturing................................ 78.8 80.2 80.1 80.2 0.1 97.9 100.4 100.1 100.4 0.3

Durable goods............................ 79.1 81.0 81.0 81.1 0.1 99.7 102.4 102.2 102.2 0.0

Nondurable goods........................ 78.2 78.8 78.7 78.9 0.3 94.5 96.7 96.6 97.4 0.8

Private service-providing...................... 107.7 109.3 109.8 109.3 -0.5 142.7 146.1 147.3 146.5 -0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities......... 100.3 101.2 101.3 101.3 0.0 123.5 125.6 126.1 126.1 0.0

Wholesale trade........................... 101.3 103.1 103.6 103.5 -0.1 131.7 134.7 135.7 135.7 0.0

Retail trade................................ 98.6 98.3 98.2 97.8 -0.4 115.1 116.3 116.4 116.2 -0.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .. 105.6 108.1 108.6 109.5 0.8 131.8 133.7 134.2 135.2 0.7

Utilities..................................... 95.0 94.6 94.9 94.0 -0.9 122.7 124.8 126.1 124.5 -1.3

Information................................... 87.9 87.1 86.9 86.4 -0.6 116.8 116.4 116.8 115.7 -0.9

Financial activities........................... 103.2 104.7 105.2 105.2 0.0 140.3 147.4 148.6 149.1 0.3

Professional and business services....... 113.8 117.1 117.7 117.0 -0.6 156.7 162.2 163.7 162.1 -1.0

Education and health services............. 122.6 124.4 124.7 124.4 -0.2 169.1 172.3 173.0 172.6 -0.2

Leisure and hospitality...................... 107.2 109.9 110.3 110.6 0.3 140.1 145.2 145.6 145.9 0.2

Other services............................... 97.0 96.1 96.5 96.4 -0.1 123.1 122.7 123.5 123.4 -0.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees

in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual

average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding

2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly

hours, and employment.

p Preliminary