Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-09-0874 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, July 31, 2009 

Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • NCSinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ect 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

(NOTE: Employment Cost Index data from June 2009 through September 2010 have been found 

to contain errors in several data series and will be corrected in the public database available on 

the BLS website. This news release will not be corrected. The primary errors are in wage and 

salary data for State and local government public administration. Additional series are subject to 

correction as well. For further information see: www.bls.gov/bls/eci_corrections_111910.htm.) 

EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – JUNE 2009 

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.4 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month 

period ending June 2009, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries—

which make up about 70 percent of compensation—also increased 0.4 percent for the 3-month period 

ending June 2009. Benefit costs—which make up the remaining 30 percent of compensation—

increased 0.3 percent. 

Civilian Worker Data 

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 1.8 percent for the 12-month period ending June 

2009. This was smaller than the 3.1 percent increase for the 12-month period ending in June 2008. 

Wages and salaries increased 1.8 percent for the current 12-month period, slowing from a 3.2 percent 

increase for the 12-month period ending in June 2008. Benefit costs rose 1.8 percent, down from a 2.9 

percent increase for the 12-month period ending June 2008. 

Private Industry Worker Data 

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 1.5 percent for the 12-month period ending 

June 2009. This is the smallest percent change published for this series since it began in 1980. The 

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Jun-07 Sep-07 Dec-07 M ar-08 Jun-08 Sep-08 Dec-08 M ar-09 Jun-09

Percent change

Chart 2. Employment Cost Index, 12-month percent 

change, not seasonally adjusted, private industry 

workers, health benefits, June 2007-June 2009 

Percent change 

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Jun-07 Sep-07 Dec-07 M ar-08 Jun-08 Sep-08 Dec-08 M ar-09 Jun-09

Chart 1. Employment Cost Index, 3-month percent 

change, seasonally adjusted, civilian workers, 

compensation, June 2007-June 2009 
- 2 - 

deceleration of cost increases was evident in both wages and salaries as well as benefits, registering the 

smallest increases published in the series history. The wage and salary series, which began in 1975, 

increased 1.6 percent for the current 12-month period. The cost of benefits, which has been measured 

since 1980, increased 1.3 percent for the 12-month period ending June 2009. Employer costs for health 

benefits increased 4.4 percent for the 12-month period ending June 2009. In June 2008, the 12-month 

percent change was 4.2 percent. 

Among occupational groups, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-

month period ending June 2009 ranged from 0.7 percent for sales and office workers to 2.0 percent for 

both production, transportation, and material moving occupations and service occupations. 

Among industries, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the current 12-month 

period ranged from 0.6 percent for financial activities to 2.5 percent for the leisure and hospitality 

industry. 

The Employment Cost Index for September 2009 is scheduled to be released on Friday, 

October 30, 2009, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT). 

Beginning with the September 2009 news release, estimates for metropolitan areas, currently published 

online, will be incorporated into this release. 

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request— 

Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. 

For detailed information on the Employment Cost Index, see Chapter 8. National Compensation 

Measures of the BLS Handbook of Methods at: www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf. 

BLS news releases, including the ECI, are available through an e-mail subscription service at: 

www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index

(Percent change)

CIVILIAN WORKERS1

Compensation2 ..................... 0.3 0.4 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.1 1.8

Wages and salaries.............. 0.3 0.4 3.2 3.1 2.7 2.2 1.8

Benefits........................... 0.5 0.3 2.9 2.6 2.2 2.0 1.8

PRIVATE INDUSTRY

Compensation2 ..................... 0.2 0.2 3.0 2.8 2.4 1.9 1.5

Wages and salaries.............. 0.2 0.2 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.0 1.6

Benefits........................... 0.2 0.2 2.6 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.3

STATE AND LOCAL 

GOVERNMENT

Compensation2

..................... 0.8 1.0 3.5 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.2

Wages and salaries.............. 0.7 1.0 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.0

Benefits........................... 1.1 1.0 3.5 3.3 2.9 3.4 3.6

1

 Includes private industry and state and local government.

2

 Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

Category

3-month, seasonally adjusted

 June. 

2009

12-month, not seasonally adjusted

Dec. 

2008

Mar. 

2009 Mar. 2009 June.2009

 June. 

2008

Sep. 

2008
- 3 - 

TECHNICAL NOTE 

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) is a measure of the change in the cost of labor, free from the 

influence of employment shifts among occupations and industries. The compensation series includes 

changes in wages and salaries and employer costs for employee benefits. The wage and salary series 

and the benefit cost series provide the changes for the two components of compensation. 

Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage rate or, for workers not paid on 

an hourly basis, straight-time earnings divided by the corresponding hours. Straight-time wage and 

salary rates are total earnings before payroll deductions, excluding premium pay for overtime and for 

work on weekends and holidays, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses. Production bonuses, 

incentive earnings, commission payments, and cost-of-living adjustments are included in straight-time 

wage and salary rates. 

Benefits covered by the ECI are: Paid leave—vacations, holidays, sick leave, and personal 

leave; supplemental pay—premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as 

overtime, weekends, and holidays), shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses (such as year-end, 

referral, and attendance bonuses); insurance benefits—life, health, short-term disability, and long-term 

disability; retirement and savings benefits—defined benefit and defined contribution plans; and legally 

required benefits—Social Security, Medicare, federal and state unemployment insurance, and workers’ 

compensation. 

The ECI provides data for the civilian economy, which includes the total private nonfarm 

economy excluding private households, and the public sector excluding the federal government. The 

private industry series and the state and local government series provide data for the two sectors 

separately. 

Sample establishments are classified by industry categories based on the 2007 North American 

Industry Classification System (NAICS). All industries are classified into two sectors—goodsproducing and service-providing. Within a sample establishment, specific job categories are selected 

and classified into about 800 occupational classifications according to the 2000 Standard Occupational 

Classification (SOC) system. Individual occupations are combined to represent one of ten intermediate 

aggregations, such as professional and related occupations, or one of five higher-level aggregations 

such as management, professional, and related occupations. Both the NAICS and the SOC classification 

systems are defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB). For more detailed 

information on NAICS and SOC, including background definitions, see the BLS Web sites: 

www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm and www.bls.gov/soc/home.htm. 

To be included in the ECI, employees in occupations must receive cash payments from the 

establishment for services performed and the establishment must pay the employer’s portion of 

Medicare taxes on that individual’s wages. Major exclusions from the survey are the self-employed, 

individuals who set their own pay (for example, proprietors, owners, major stockholders, and partners 

in unincorporated firms), volunteers, unpaid workers, family members being paid token wages, 

individuals receiving long-term disability compensation, and U.S. citizens working overseas. 

Data for the June 2009 reference period were collected from a probability sample of 

approximately 63,200 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 13,300 establishments 

in private industry and approximately 11,700 occupations from a sample of about 1,900 establishments 

in state and local governments. The state and local government sample, which is replaced less 

frequently than the private industry sample, was replaced in its entirety in September 2007. The private 

industry sample is rotated over approximately 5 years, which makes the sample more representative of 
- 4 - 

the economy and reduces respondent burden. Data are collected for the pay period including the 12th

day of the survey months of March, June, September, and December. The sample is replaced on a 

cross-area, cross-industry basis. 

Fixed employment weights are used each reference period to calculate the most aggregate 

series—civilian, private, and state and local government. These fixed weights are also used to derive all 

of the industry and occupational series indexes. Beginning with March 2006 estimates, 2002 fixed 

employment weights from the Bureau’s Occupational Employment Statistics survey were introduced. 

For the series based on bargaining status, census region and division, and for series excluding 

incentive paid occupations, fixed employment data are not available. The employment weights are 

reallocated within these series for each reference period based on the current ECI sample. The nursing 

care facilities indexes in private industry are estimated using fixed-employment weights derived from 

staffing patterns estimated from the four-digit industry NAICS group 6231, nursing care facilities, a 

sub-industry of the larger industry group, nursing and residential care facilities (NAICS 623). The 

indexes for these series, consequently, are not strictly comparable with those for the aggregate, 

occupational, and industry series. A fuller explanation of the calculation of index numbers appears in 

chapter 8 of the BLS Handbook of Methods, at the web site www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf. 

Beginning with the release of the March 2006 data, indexes were rebased to December 

2005=100 from June 1989=100. The percentage changes shown in the current- and constant-dollar 

historical tables were calculated from the rebased indexes. Thus, changes may differ from those 

originally published because of rounding. 

The ECI state and local government sample consists of 152 areas that represent the Nation's 361 

metropolitan statistical areas and 573 micropolitan statistical areas as defined by OMB in December 

2003 and the remaining portions of the 50 states. The private industry estimates started the conversion 

to December 2003 OMB areas definitions in the December 2008 reference period with replacement of 

one-fifth of the sample under the new area definitions. 

Seasonally adjusted data for selected ECI series began with the December 1990 ECI release. 

Seasonal adjustment removes the effects of events that follow a more or less regular pattern each year. 

These adjustments make nonseasonal patterns easier to identify. The seasonal adjustment factors are 

recalculated once per year. The March release contains data reflecting the newly updated seasonal 

adjustment factors. The historical data for the last five years are then revised based on the newly 

estimated factors. The seasonal factors for 2009 and revised seasonally adjusted indexes for the past 5 

years are available at www.bls.gov/ect/ectsfact.htm or upon request. 

Because the ECI is a sample survey, it is subject to sampling errors. Sampling errors are 

differences that occur between the results computed from a sample of observations and those computed 

from all observations in the population. The estimates derived from different samples selected using the 

same sample design may differ from one other. A measure of the variation among these differing 

estimates is the standard error. It can be used to measure the precision with which an estimate from a 

particular sample approximates the expected result of all possible samples. The chances are about 68 

out of 100 that an estimate from the survey differs from a complete population figure by less than the 

standard error. The chances are about 90 out of 100 that this difference would be less than 1.6 times the 

standard error. The statements of comparisons appearing in this publication are significant at a 1.6 

standard error level or better, unless otherwise indicated. This means that for differences cited, the 

estimated difference is greater than 1.6 times the standard error of the difference. 

The ECI uses standard errors to evaluate published series. To assist users in ascertaining the 

reliability of series, the standard errors for all estimates (excluding seasonally adjusted series) are 
- 5 - 

available on the BLS Web site at www.bls.gov/ect/ectvar.htm shortly after the publication of the news 

release. 

When determining data to be used in contract negotiations, it is important to note that 

differences by bargaining status may be due to factors other than union status, such as occupational and 

industry mix. An important consideration when choosing a series for escalation is the sampling error. 

For more information, see www.bls.gov/ect/escalator.htm. 

More detailed information on the ECI is available from several sources. These include a chapter, 

“National Compensation Measures,” (www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf) from the BLS 

Handbook of Methods, and several articles published in the Monthly Labor Review and Compensation 

and Working Conditions. The articles and other descriptive pieces are available at 

www.bls.gov/ect/#publications, by calling (202) 691-6199, or sending e-mail to NCSinfo@bls.gov. 

Historical ECI data, using industry categories based on the Standard Industrial Classification 

(SIC) System and classifying jobs into occupational classifications according to the Census of 

Population, are available dating from the first publication of each series to December 2005 at: 

www.bls.gov/web/echistry.pdf. Data are also available for series based on the 2002 and 2007 North 

American Industry Classification Systems (NAICS) and the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification 

(SOC) beginning in March 2001, using December 2005=100 as the base period at: 

www.bls.gov/web/echistrynaics.pdf. 

In addition, constant-dollar ECI series derived from the Consumer Price Index for All Urban 

Consumers (CPI-U) are available. The constant-dollar series are calculated by converting the CPI-U to 

the same base as the ECI. The ECI for each reference period is then divided by the converted CPI-U for 

the same reference period. The CPI-U U.S. City Average All Items is used to compute all series except 

for the regional estimates, which use corresponding CPI regional data. 

Supplemental data from the ECI, providing 12-month percent changes in employer costs for 

health insurance in private industry, are also available at www.bls.gov/ect/sp/echealth.pdf. 

The costs per hour worked of compensation components, based on data from the ECI, are 

published in a separate news release titled "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation" (ECEC). The 

next ECEC release is scheduled for 10:00 AM EDT, Thursday, September 10, 2009. Historical ECEC 

data are available in summary documents. Both the release and historical data are available at 

www.bls.gov/ect, by email to NCSinfo@bls.gov, or by calling (202) 691-6199. Since the ECEC is 

calculated with current employment weights rather than the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, 

year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually differ from those in the ECI. 
- 6 - 

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation1, by occupational group and industry

(Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3-months ended–

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Sep.

2007

Dec.

2007

Mar.

2008

June

2008

Sep.

2008

Dec.

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Civilian workers

All workers2 ................................................................ 109.9 110.3 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.4

Industry

Goods-producing industries3 .................................. 108.0 108.1 .6 .8 .9 .6 .5 .5 .3 .1

Manufacturing ..................................................... 106.4 106.6 .3 .8 .7 .5 .5 .4 .4 .2

Service-providing industries4 .................................. 110.4 110.8 .9 .8 .8 .7 .6 .5 .4 .4

Education and health services ............................ 111.8 112.6 .8 .9 .8 .8 .7 .5 .8 .7

Education services ......................................... 112.0 112.9 .9 .9 .8 1.0 .7 .5 .9 .8

Elementary and secondary schools ............ 112.1 113.0 .9 .7 .9 1.0 .7 .6 .9 .8

Junior colleges, colleges, 

universities, and professional schools ...... 111.7 112.7 .9 1.3 .7 .8 .8 .2 .9 .9

Health care and social assistance5 ................ 111.6 112.3 .8 .9 .6 .8 .5 .5 .6 .6

Hospitals ..................................................... 111.6 112.4 .8 .9 .7 .9 .7 .7 .6 .7

Nursing and residential care facilities ......... 110.2 110.9 .6 .8 .8 .9 .7 .6 .5 .6

Public administration .......................................... 112.9 114.1 .9 1.1 .5 .7 .9 .4 .9 1.1

Private industry workers

All workers .................................................................. 109.3 109.5 .8 .9 .7 .7 .6 .5 .2 .2

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ................. 110.3 110.4 .9 .8 .8 .7 .6 .6 .1 .1

Management, business, and financial ................ 109.4 109.4 1.0 .8 .8 .7 .7 .6 -.5 .0

Professional and related ..................................... 110.9 111.1 .7 .8 .7 .7 .7 .5 .5 .2

Sales and office ...................................................... 108.1 108.1 .7 1.0 .6 .6 .4 .2 .1 .0

Sales and related ................................................ 104.7 104.3 .5 1.3 .2 .5 -.1 -.3 -.8 -.4

Office and administrative support ....................... 110.4 110.9 .7 .8 .7 .6 .8 .5 .5 .5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 110.0 110.2 1.0 .9 .8 .5 .7 .6 .3 .2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry .............................................................. 111.1 111.2 .9 1.1 1.1 .6 .6 .7 .1 .1

Installation, maintenance, and repair .................. 108.6 108.9 1.1 .7 .6 .2 .8 .7 .5 .3

Production, transportation, and material moving .... 107.7 108.0 .6 .7 .9 .5 .5 .4 .7 .3

Production .......................................................... 107.1 107.5 .4 .8 .7 .5 .6 .4 .8 .4

Transportation and material moving ................... 108.4 108.8 .8 .7 .9 .6 .4 .6 .3 .4

Service occupations ............................................... 110.7 110.9 1.1 .7 .7 .8 .6 .4 .8 .2

Industry

Goods-producing industries3 .................................. 108.0 108.1 .6 .9 .9 .5 .6 .5 .3 .1

Construction ....................................................... 111.0 111.0 .9 1.1 1.0 .8 .5 .7 -.2 .0

Manufacturing ..................................................... 106.4 106.6 .3 .8 .7 .5 .5 .4 .4 .2

Aircraft manufacturing .................................... 92.5 93.0 -2.9 -.1 2.9 .6 .9 .1 1.6 .5

Service-providing industries6 .................................. 109.8 110.0 .9 .8 .7 .7 .6 .5 .2 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ...................... 107.9 108.0 .5 1.0 .6 .9 .3 .1 .3 .1

Wholesale trade .............................................. 107.1 106.9 -.3 1.2 .2 1.5 -.1 -.2 .2 -.2

Retail trade ..................................................... 108.5 108.7 1.1 1.0 .7 .7 .5 .0 .4 .2

Transportation and warehousing .................... 107.4 107.7 .4 .4 1.0 .6 .3 .6 .2 .3

Utilities ............................................................ 109.6 110.4 .8 1.0 .4 1.0 .5 1.3 .1 .7

Information .......................................................... 107.8 107.3 .3 .6 -.2 -.2 1.1 .5 .2 -.5

Financial activities .............................................. 106.7 107.6 1.1 .6 .6 .5 .3 .1 -.7 .8

Finance and insurance ................................... 106.7 107.8 1.1 .9 .2 .6 .3 .0 -.9 1.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities .................................................... 106.4 107.2 .9 1.3 .3 .8 .5 .4 -.6 .8

Insurance carriers and related activities ..... 109.1 109.4 1.2 .1 1.1 .3 .7 .3 .5 .3

See footnotes at end of table.
- 7 - 

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation1, by occupational group and industry — Continued

(Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3-months ended–

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Sep.

2007

Dec.

2007

Mar.

2008

June

2008

Sep.

2008

Dec.

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Industry

Professional and business services ................... 111.8 111.8 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.0 0.0

Professional, scientific, and technical services 114.1 113.9 1.1 .8 1.3 .8 1.1 1.2 -.2 -.2

Administrative and support and waste

management and remediation services ........ 109.9 110.1 1.0 .9 .8 .6 .9 .6 .4 .2

Education and health services ............................ 111.5 112.0 .9 .9 .7 .8 .6 .5 .7 .4

Education services ......................................... 112.1 112.6 .8 1.1 .7 1.3 1.1 .4 .8 .4

Junior colleges, colleges, 

universities, and professional schools ...... 112.5 113.0 .9 1.1 .7 1.4 1.1 .4 .9 .4

Health care and social assistance5 ................ 111.4 111.9 .9 .9 .7 .6 .5 .5 .7 .4

Hospitals ..................................................... 111.4 112.1 .8 .8 .7 .9 .8 .8 .5 .6

Nursing and residential care facilities ......... 109.9 110.2 .8 .7 .8 .7 .8 .6 .5 .3

Leisure and hospitality ........................................ 112.2 112.1 1.3 .6 .7 .5 1.1 .7 .7 -.1

Accommodation and food services ................. 113.0 112.8 1.4 .5 .8 .6 1.1 .7 .8 -.2

Other services, except public administration ...... 110.7 110.5 1.0 .9 .6 .6 .5 .5 .4 -.2

State and local government workers

All workers .................................................................. 112.4 113.5 .9 .9 .7 .8 .8 .6 .8 1.0

Industry

Education and health services ............................ 112.1 113.2 .8 .9 .7 1.0 .7 .5 .8 1.0

Education services ......................................... 112.0 112.9 .9 .9 .8 .9 .6 .5 1.0 .8

Schools ....................................................... 112.0 112.9 .9 .9 .8 .9 .6 .5 1.0 .8

Elementary and secondary schools ............ 112.2 113.0 .9 .7 .8 1.1 .6 .6 1.0 .7

Health care and social assistance5 ................ 113.3 115.1 .3 1.1 .5 1.2 1.0 .9 -.1 1.6

Hospitals ..................................................... 112.3 113.8 .7 .8 .8 .8 .5 .6 .9 1.3

Public administration .......................................... 112.9 114.1 .9 1.1 .5 .7 .9 .4 .9 1.1

1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in

private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal

government. See "Technical note" for further explanation. 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade;

transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance;

real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services;

management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste

services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts,

entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other

services, except public administration; and public administration. 5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not

shown separately. 6 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade;

transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance;

real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific, and technical

services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and

support and waste management and remediation services; education

services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment, and

recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except

public administration.
- 8 - 

Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry

(Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3-months ended–

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Sep.

2007

Dec.

2007

Mar.

2008

June

2008

Sep.

2008

Dec.

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Civilian workers

All workers1 ................................................................ 110.0 110.4 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.4

Industry

Goods-producing industries2 .................................. 109.3 109.4 .8 .8 .8 .7 .6 .6 .1 .1

Manufacturing ..................................................... 108.1 108.3 .6 .7 .8 .7 .7 .6 .2 .2

Service-providing industries3 .................................. 110.2 110.7 .9 .8 .7 .8 .6 .5 .4 .5

Education and health services ............................ 111.1 111.9 .9 .8 .8 .9 .7 .5 .6 .7

Education services ......................................... 110.7 111.5 1.0 .9 .8 .9 .9 .4 .7 .7

Elementary and secondary schools ............ 110.5 111.3 .9 .8 .9 1.0 .8 .5 .6 .7

Junior colleges, colleges, 

universities, and professional schools ...... 110.9 111.9 1.1 1.2 .7 .8 .7 .3 .7 .9

Health care and social assistance4 ................ 111.7 112.3 .9 .8 .9 .6 .6 .5 .7 .5

Hospitals ..................................................... 112.0 112.7 .9 .8 .8 1.0 .8 .8 .6 .6

Nursing and residential care facilities ......... 110.3 110.9 1.1 .6 .9 .7 .8 .6 .5 .5

Public administration .......................................... 111.2 112.5 .9 .8 .7 .6 1.0 .4 .8 1.2

Private industry workers

All workers .................................................................. 109.8 110.0 .9 .8 .8 .7 .6 .5 .2 .2

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ................. 110.9 111.1 .9 .8 .9 .7 .7 .7 .1 .2

Management, business, and financial ................ 110.1 110.1 .9 .7 .9 .7 .7 .8 -.3 .0

Professional and related ..................................... 111.6 111.8 .8 .7 .9 .7 .7 .7 .4 .2

Sales and office ...................................................... 108.1 108.2 .6 1.0 .5 .7 .4 .2 .0 .1

Sales and related ................................................ 104.8 104.4 .3 1.3 .3 .5 -.1 -.5 -.9 -.4

Office and administrative support ....................... 110.5 111.0 .7 .8 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 110.7 111.0 1.0 .9 1.0 .6 .7 .8 .1 .3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry .............................................................. 111.5 111.6 .9 1.2 1.3 .6 .7 .7 -.1 .1

Installation, maintenance, and repair .................. 109.8 110.2 1.2 .7 .8 .7 .7 .9 .5 .4

Production, transportation, and material moving .... 108.3 108.7 .6 .7 .9 .7 .7 .5 .4 .4

Production5 ......................................................... 108.1 108.4 .6 .7 .8 .7 .8 .5 .4 .3

Transportation and material moving ................... 108.6 109.1 .8 .6 1.0 .7 .6 .5 .2 .5

Industry

Goods-producing industries2 .................................. 109.3 109.4 .8 .8 .8 .7 .6 .6 .1 .1

Construction ....................................................... 111.3 111.3 .9 .9 1.1 .7 .5 .7 .0 .0

Manufacturing ..................................................... 108.1 108.3 .6 .7 .8 .7 .7 .6 .2 .2

Aircraft manufacturing .................................... 109.8 110.6 .2 .8 .9 .7 .8 .9 .8 .7

Service-providing industries6 .................................. 110.0 110.2 .9 .8 .7 .7 .6 .5 .3 .2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ...................... 107.9 108.1 .2 1.0 .5 1.1 .2 .1 .4 .2

Retail trade ..................................................... 108.5 108.9 .8 1.0 .6 .9 .4 .0 .5 .3

Transportation and warehousing .................... 107.4 107.8 .2 .5 .9 .7 .6 .5 .4 .4

Utilities ............................................................ 111.1 111.7 .9 .9 .9 .8 .3 .5 1.1 .5

Information .......................................................... 107.8 108.0 .4 .4 -.2 .8 1.0 .6 .0 .2

Financial activities .............................................. 106.6 107.6 1.2 .5 .7 .3 .3 .0 -1.0 .9

Finance and insurance ................................... 106.9 108.0 1.3 .7 .5 .3 .2 .0 -1.2 1.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities .................................................... 105.9 106.3 1.1 1.2 .2 .5 .5 .4 -.5 .4

Insurance carriers and related

activities5 .................................................. 109.5 109.7 1.5 -.4 1.2 .2 .6 .3 .2 .2

Professional and business services ................... 112.2 112.0 .9 .9 1.2 .8 1.0 1.0 .1 -.2

Professional, scientific, and technical services 114.2 113.8 1.0 .9 1.5 .8 1.2 1.2 .0 -.4

See footnotes at end of table.
- 9 - 

Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry — Continued

(Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3-months ended–

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Sep.

2007

Dec.

2007

Mar.

2008

June

2008

Sep.

2008

Dec.

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Industry

Administrative and support and waste

management and remediation services ........ 110.3 110.5 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.6 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.2

Education and health services ............................ 111.4 112.0 .9 .9 .8 .7 .6 .5 .7 .5

Education services ......................................... 111.3 111.8 .7 1.3 .7 1.0 1.1 .3 .6 .4

Junior colleges, colleges, 

universities, and professional schools ...... 111.4 111.9 .8 1.1 .7 .9 1.2 .2 .8 .4

Health care and social assistance4 ................ 111.5 112.0 1.0 .8 .8 .6 .5 .5 .8 .4

Hospitals ..................................................... 111.8 112.4 .9 .8 .9 1.0 .8 .8 .6 .5

Leisure and hospitality ........................................ 113.1 113.0 1.5 .6 .7 .4 1.3 .8 .7 -.1

Accommodation and food services ................. 113.6 113.4 1.6 .6 .8 .6 1.2 .8 .7 -.2

Other services, except public administration ...... 111.3 111.2 1.2 1.0 .7 .5 .5 .5 .5 -.1

State and local government workers

All workers .................................................................. 111.0 112.1 1.0 .8 .8 .8 .9 .5 .7 1.0

Industry

Education and health services ............................ 110.8 111.8 1.0 .9 .8 .9 .8 .5 .5 .9

Education services ......................................... 110.5 111.4 1.1 .9 .8 .9 .8 .5 .6 .8

Schools ....................................................... 110.5 111.4 1.1 .9 .8 .9 .8 .5 .6 .8

Elementary and secondary schools ............ 110.5 111.3 .9 .9 .8 1.0 .9 .5 .7 .7

Health care and social assistance4 ................ 113.1 115.1 .6 1.1 .7 1.1 1.3 .8 -.4 1.8

Hospitals ..................................................... 112.7 114.3 .7 1.0 1.0 .7 .7 .7 .5 1.4

Public administration .......................................... 111.2 112.5 .9 .8 .7 .6 1.0 .4 .8 1.2

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in

private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal

government. See "Technical note" for further explanation. 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade;

transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance;

real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services;

management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste

services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts,

entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other

services, except public administration; and public administration. 4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not

shown separately.

5 Seasonally adjusted indexes and 3-month percent changes for these

series are being published for the first time with the 2009 seasonal adjustment

 revisions. Historical data for these series are published beginning with March

2004.

6 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade;

transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance;

real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific, and technical

services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and

support and waste management and remediation services; education

services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment, and

recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except

public administration.
- 10 - 

Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry

(Seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec.

2005 = 100) Percent changes for 3-months ended–

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Sep.

2007

Dec.

2007

Mar.

2008

June

2008

Sep.

2008

Dec.

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Civilian workers

All workers1 ................................................................ 109.7 110.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3

Private industry workers

All workers .................................................................. 108.1 108.3 .7 1.0 .6 .4 .6 .4 .2 .2

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ................. 108.6 108.7 .7 .9 .7 .7 .6 .4 -.3 .1

Sales and office ...................................................... 108.1 108.0 1.0 .8 .6 .4 .5 .3 .3 -.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 108.4 108.5 .8 .8 .6 .0 .7 .4 .6 .1

Production, transportation, and material moving .... 106.4 106.8 .4 .9 .7 .1 .3 .2 1.3 .4

Service occupations ............................................... 109.6 109.8 1.0 .8 .6 .7 .4 .3 .6 .2

Industry

Goods-producing industries2 .................................. 105.4 105.6 .3 1.0 .6 .3 .2 .4 .5 .2

Manufacturing ..................................................... 103.4 103.6 -.1 .9 .6 -.1 .2 .2 .8 .2

Aircraft manufacturing .................................... 74.1 74.2 -7.4 -1.5 6.4 .3 1.3 -1.4 3.0 .2

Service-providing industries3 .................................. 109.2 109.3 1.0 .8 .5 .6 .6 .4 .1 .1

State and local government workers

All workers .................................................................. 115.3 116.5 .9 1.1 .5 .9 .6 .7 1.1 1.0

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in

private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal

government. See "Technical note" for further explanation. 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade;

transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance;

real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific, and technical

services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and

support and waste management and remediation services; education

services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment, and

recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except

public administration.
- 11 - 

Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation1, for civilian workers, by occupational group and

industry

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec. 2005 = 100) Percent changes for–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

3-months ended– 12-months ended–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Civilian workers

All workers2 ................................................................ 108.3 109.9 110.3 0.7 0.4 0.4 3.1 2.1 1.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations3 ............... 108.5 110.5 110.8 .6 .5 .3 3.2 2.5 2.1

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ................. 109.0 110.9 111.1 .6 .5 .2 3.3 2.4 1.9

Management, business, and financial ................ 108.9 110.0 110.1 .6 .2 .1 3.5 1.7 1.1

Professional and related ..................................... 109.0 111.3 111.6 .6 .5 .3 3.1 2.7 2.4

Sales and office ...................................................... 107.7 108.4 108.7 .8 .1 .3 2.8 1.5 .9

Sales and related ................................................ 106.1 104.3 104.5 1.0 -1.1 .2 2.4 -.7 -1.5

Office and administrative support ....................... 108.6 110.8 111.3 .6 .7 .5 2.9 2.6 2.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 108.4 110.1 110.7 .6 .3 .5 3.1 2.2 2.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry .............................................................. 109.6 111.0 111.6 1.0 .2 .5 3.7 2.3 1.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair .................. 107.0 109.1 109.5 .3 .5 .4 2.5 2.2 2.3

Production, transportation, and material moving .... 106.2 108.0 108.5 .6 .7 .5 2.6 2.3 2.2

Production .......................................................... 105.3 107.2 107.7 .5 .9 .5 2.4 2.3 2.3

Transportation and material moving ................... 107.3 108.9 109.5 .7 .5 .6 2.8 2.2 2.1

Service occupations ............................................... 109.1 111.5 111.9 .6 .8 .4 3.4 2.9 2.6

Industry

Goods-producing industries4 .................................. 106.8 108.0 108.2 .7 .5 .2 2.8 1.8 1.3

Manufacturing ..................................................... 105.1 106.5 106.7 .4 .6 .2 2.1 1.7 1.5

Service-providing industries5 .................................. 108.5 110.3 110.6 .6 .5 .3 3.1 2.3 1.9

Education and health services ............................ 109.2 111.7 112.2 .6 .5 .4 3.5 2.9 2.7

Education services ......................................... 108.9 111.8 112.1 .6 .4 .3 3.8 3.2 2.9

Elementary and secondary schools ............ 108.8 111.9 112.1 .6 .4 .2 3.6 3.4 3.0

Junior colleges, colleges, 

universities, and professional schools ...... 109.0 111.5 112.1 .5 .5 .5 3.9 2.8 2.8

Health care and social assistance6 ................ 109.6 111.7 112.2 .6 .8 .4 3.3 2.6 2.4

Hospitals ..................................................... 109.2 111.7 112.3 .7 .8 .5 3.3 3.0 2.8

Nursing and residential care facilities ......... 108.2 110.3 110.8 .8 .6 .5 3.0 2.8 2.4

Public administration .......................................... 110.1 113.0 113.8 .4 .9 .7 3.3 3.0 3.4

1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in

private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal

government. See "Technical note" for further explanation. 3 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in

this table. See "Technical note" for further explanation. 4 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade;

transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and

insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical

services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and

waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance;

arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services;

other services, except public administration; and public administration. 6 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not

shown separately.
- 12 - 

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation1, for private industry workers, by occupational group

and industry

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec. 2005 = 100) Percent changes for–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

3-months ended– 12-months ended–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Private industry workers

All workers ...................................................................... 108.0 109.3 109.6 0.7 0.4 0.3 3.0 1.9 1.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ................... 108.3 110.0 110.2 .7 .5 .2 3.1 2.2 1.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ..................... 108.9 110.4 110.5 .7 .5 .1 3.2 2.1 1.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ........... 108.9 110.5 110.5 .7 .4 .0 3.2 2.2 1.5

Management, business, and financial .................... 108.7 109.6 109.7 .6 .1 .1 3.4 1.5 .9

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ........... 108.9 110.2 110.1 .6 .2 -.1 3.5 1.8 1.1

Professional and related ......................................... 109.0 111.0 111.1 .6 .6 .1 2.9 2.5 1.9

Sales and office .......................................................... 107.5 107.9 108.3 .8 .0 .4 2.7 1.2 .7

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ........... 108.5 110.3 110.6 .6 .5 .3 3.1 2.3 1.9

Sales and related .................................................... 106.2 104.3 104.5 1.1 -1.1 .2 2.5 -.7 -1.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ........... 108.5 109.9 110.0 .6 .2 .1 3.6 1.9 1.4

Office and administrative support ........................... 108.5 110.5 110.9 .6 .8 .4 2.9 2.5 2.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance .... 108.3 109.9 110.3 .7 .3 .4 3.1 2.1 1.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry .................................................................. 109.7 110.9 111.5 1.0 .1 .5 3.8 2.1 1.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ...................... 106.6 108.6 108.9 .3 .5 .3 2.4 2.2 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ........ 106.0 107.7 108.1 .5 .7 .4 2.6 2.1 2.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ........... 105.9 107.9 108.3 .5 .8 .4 2.5 2.4 2.3

Production .............................................................. 105.2 107.1 107.6 .4 .9 .5 2.3 2.2 2.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ........... 105.2 107.2 107.7 .5 .8 .5 2.3 2.4 2.4

Transportation and material moving ....................... 107.2 108.4 108.9 .8 .5 .5 3.0 1.9 1.6

Service occupations ................................................... 108.7 110.7 110.9 .8 .8 .2 3.3 2.7 2.0

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries3 ...................................... 106.8 107.9 108.2 .7 .4 .3 2.8 1.7 1.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ........... 106.9 108.3 108.5 .6 .5 .2 2.8 1.9 1.5

Management, professional, and related ............. 106.6 106.8 106.7 .5 .2 -.1 2.7 .7 .1

Sales and office .................................................. 106.3 107.3 107.4 1.1 .2 .1 2.5 2.1 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance ..................................................... 109.0 110.4 110.9 .8 .0 .5 3.5 2.1 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving 105.3 107.0 107.5 .5 .8 .5 2.3 2.1 2.1

Construction ........................................................... 110.1 110.9 111.2 1.1 .0 .3 4.0 1.8 1.0

Manufacturing ......................................................... 105.1 106.5 106.7 .4 .6 .2 2.1 1.7 1.5

Management, professional, and related ......... 105.2 105.7 105.7 .3 .3 .0 1.8 .8 .5

Sales and office .............................................. 106.1 107.3 107.1 1.0 .3 -.2 2.8 2.2 .9

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance ................................................. 104.5 106.6 107.1 -.1 .6 .5 2.1 1.9 2.5

Production, transportation, and material

moving .......................................................... 105.0 106.7 107.2 .5 .9 .5 2.3 2.1 2.1

Aircraft manufacturing ........................................ 89.9 92.6 92.9 .2 1.4 .3 .3 3.2 3.3

See footnotes at end of table.
- 13 - 

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation1, for private industry workers, by occupational group

and industry — Continued

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec. 2005 = 100) Percent changes for–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

3-months ended– 12-months ended–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Service-providing industries4 ...................................... 108.5 109.8 110.1 0.7 0.4 0.3 3.1 1.9 1.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ........... 108.7 110.6 110.8 .6 .5 .2 3.1 2.4 1.9

Management, professional, and related ............. 109.3 111.1 111.2 .7 .5 .1 3.2 2.4 1.7

Sales and office .................................................. 107.7 108.0 108.4 .8 .0 .4 2.8 1.1 .6

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance ..................................................... 107.3 109.0 109.5 .6 .6 .5 2.7 2.2 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving 107.0 108.5 109.0 .6 .6 .5 2.9 2.0 1.9

Service occupations ........................................... 108.7 110.7 111.0 .7 .8 .3 3.2 2.6 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities .......................... 107.3 107.8 108.1 1.1 .3 .3 3.0 1.6 .7

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ....... 107.8 109.3 109.7 .8 .6 .4 3.3 2.2 1.8

Wholesale trade .................................................. 107.2 107.1 106.9 1.4 .3 -.2 2.5 1.3 -.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ....... 108.0 109.6 109.9 .6 .5 .3 3.0 2.0 1.8

Retail trade ......................................................... 107.6 108.3 108.8 .9 .2 .5 3.6 1.6 1.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ....... 108.1 109.7 110.0 .7 .5 .3 3.6 2.2 1.8

Transportation and warehousing ........................ 106.4 107.4 107.9 .8 .5 .5 2.3 1.7 1.4

Utilities ................................................................ 108.1 109.6 110.9 1.5 .6 1.2 3.2 2.9 2.6

Information .............................................................. 106.2 107.7 107.5 .1 .3 -.2 .6 1.5 1.2

Financial activities .................................................. 107.3 106.8 107.9 .5 -.3 1.0 2.6 .0 .6

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ....... 108.2 109.4 109.8 .7 .6 .4 2.9 1.9 1.5

Finance and insurance ....................................... 107.7 106.9 108.1 .7 -.3 1.1 2.7 -.1 .4

Credit intermediation and related

activities ........................................................ 106.4 106.6 107.6 .9 .1 .9 3.2 1.0 1.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ....... 109.2 110.4 111.1 .9 .3 .6 3.8 2.0 1.7

Insurance carriers and related activities ......... 107.9 109.1 109.7 .5 .8 .5 2.8 1.6 1.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ....... 107.9 109.7 110.4 .9 1.1 .6 3.0 2.6 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing ..................... 105.7 106.6 106.9 .2 .0 .3 2.6 1.0 1.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ....... 108.5 109.9 110.0 .4 .3 .1 3.0 1.7 1.4

Professional and business services ....................... 109.9 111.9 111.9 .8 .3 .0 3.8 2.7 1.8

Professional, scientific, and technical services ... 111.9 114.3 114.1 .7 .4 -.2 4.1 2.9 2.0

Administrative and support and waste

management and remediation services ............ 108.0 109.9 110.2 .8 .5 .3 3.1 2.6 2.0

Education and health services ................................ 109.4 111.5 111.9 .7 .8 .4 3.5 2.7 2.3

Education services ............................................. 109.1 111.9 112.0 .9 .5 .1 4.0 3.5 2.7

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and

professional schools ..................................... 109.5 112.4 112.5 1.1 .7 .1 4.2 3.8 2.7

Health care and social assistance5 .................... 109.4 111.5 111.9 .6 .9 .4 3.3 2.5 2.3

Hospitals ......................................................... 109.1 111.5 112.0 .8 .7 .4 3.3 3.0 2.7

Nursing and residential care facilities ............. 107.8 109.9 110.2 .7 .5 .3 2.9 2.6 2.2

Nursing care facilities2 ................................ 108.0 110.1 110.3 .7 .6 .2 3.2 2.7 2.1

Leisure and hospitality ............................................ 109.3 112.2 112.0 .3 .7 -.2 3.1 2.9 2.5

Accommodation and food services ..................... 110.0 113.0 112.6 .5 .8 -.4 3.4 3.2 2.4

Other services, except public administration .......... 109.4 110.8 110.8 .6 .8 .0 3.1 1.9 1.3

1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in

this table. See "Technical note" for further explanation. 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade;

transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance;

real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific, and technical

services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and

support and waste management and remediation services; education

services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment, and

recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except

public administration. 5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not

shown separately.
- 14 - 

Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation1, for private industry workers, by bargaining status

and census region and division

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Bargaining status and census region and division

Indexes (Dec. 2005 = 100) Percent changes for–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

3-months ended– 12-months ended–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Bargaining status

Union ...................................................................... 106.7 109.1 109.8 0.8 1.0 0.6 2.7 3.0 2.9

Goods-producing industries2 .............................. 105.6 108.0 108.9 1.0 1.0 .8 2.7 3.3 3.1

Manufacturing ................................................. 101.7 104.4 104.8 .3 1.6 .4 1.7 3.0 3.0

Service-providing industries3 .............................. 107.5 109.9 110.6 .5 1.0 .6 2.7 2.7 2.9

Nonunion ................................................................ 108.3 109.4 109.6 .7 .3 .2 3.0 1.8 1.2

Goods-producing industries2 .............................. 107.1 107.9 108.0 .6 .2 .1 2.8 1.3 .8

Manufacturing ................................................. 106.2 107.1 107.3 .6 .3 .2 2.4 1.4 1.0

Service-providing industries3 .............................. 108.6 109.8 110.0 .8 .4 .2 3.1 1.9 1.3

Census region and division4

Northeast ................................................................ 108.1 109.8 110.2 .7 .3 .4 2.9 2.2 1.9

New England ...................................................... 107.1 109.9 110.2 .4 .4 .3 2.2 3.0 2.9

Middle Atlantic .................................................... 108.6 109.8 110.2 .7 .3 .4 3.1 1.9 1.5

South ...................................................................... 108.5 109.8 110.1 .6 .5 .3 3.0 1.9 1.5

South Atlantic ..................................................... 109.1 110.3 110.7 .6 .5 .4 2.9 1.7 1.5

East South Central ............................................. 107.2 108.5 108.7 .7 .5 .2 3.3 1.9 1.4

West South Central ............................................ 108.2 109.4 109.5 .8 .4 .1 3.2 2.0 1.2

Midwest .................................................................. 107.0 107.9 108.1 .9 .3 .2 2.7 1.8 1.0

East North Central .............................................. 106.5 107.0 107.3 .9 .0 .3 2.3 1.4 .8

West North Central ............................................. 108.4 109.9 110.2 1.0 .8 .3 3.9 2.4 1.7

West ....................................................................... 108.4 109.9 110.1 .6 .5 .2 3.3 1.9 1.6

Mountain ............................................................. 109.4 110.5 110.6 .9 .1 .1 4.0 1.9 1.1

Pacific ................................................................. 108.1 109.7 109.9 .5 .5 .2 3.1 2.0 1.7

1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade;

transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and

insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific, and

technical services; management of companies and enterprises;

administrative and support and waste management and remediation

services; education services; health care and social assistance; arts,

entertainment, and recreation; accommodation and food services; and

other services, except public administration. 4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the

census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,

New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey,

New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of

Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina,

Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky,

Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana,

Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio,

and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri,

Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado,

Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific:

Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those

for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series. (See "Technical

note" for further information.)
- 15 - 

Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation1, for State and local government workers, by

occupational group and industry

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec. 2005 = 100) Percent changes for–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

3-months ended– 12-months ended–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

State and local government workers

All workers .................................................................. 109.4 112.3 112.9 0.5 0.6 0.5 3.5 3.1 3.2

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ................. 109.3 112.0 112.6 .5 .4 .5 3.7 2.9 3.0

Professional and related ..................................... 109.1 111.9 112.4 .5 .4 .4 3.6 3.0 3.0

Sales and office ...................................................... 109.3 112.4 113.0 .5 1.0 .5 2.9 3.3 3.4

Office and administrative support ....................... 109.8 112.8 113.3 .5 .9 .4 3.2 3.2 3.2

Service occupations ............................................... 110.0 113.4 114.0 .3 .9 .5 3.5 3.4 3.6

Industry

Education and health services ................................ 109.1 111.9 112.4 .5 .4 .4 3.6 3.0 3.0

Education services ............................................. 108.8 111.8 112.1 .4 .5 .3 3.6 3.1 3.0

Schools2 ......................................................... 108.8 111.8 112.1 .4 .5 .3 3.7 3.1 3.0

Elementary and secondary schools ............ 108.8 112.0 112.2 .5 .5 .2 3.6 3.4 3.1

Health care and social assistance3 .................... 111.1 113.3 114.8 .9 .1 1.3 3.3 2.9 3.3

Hospitals ......................................................... 109.7 112.4 113.5 .5 1.0 1.0 3.2 2.9 3.5

Public administration .............................................. 110.1 113.0 113.8 .4 .9 .7 3.3 3.0 3.4

1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. 2 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges;

colleges, universities, and professional schools.

3 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not

shown separately.
- 16 - 

Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and

industry

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec. 2005 = 100) Percent changes for–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

3-months ended– 12-months ended–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Civilian workers

All workers1 ................................................................ 108.4 110.0 110.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 3.2 2.2 1.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations2 ............... 108.6 110.7 111.0 .7 .5 .3 3.3 2.7 2.2

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ................. 109.0 111.0 111.2 .7 .5 .2 3.4 2.6 2.0

Management, business, and financial ................ 109.0 110.4 110.5 .7 .3 .1 3.4 2.0 1.4

Professional and related ..................................... 109.0 111.2 111.5 .6 .5 .3 3.5 2.7 2.3

Sales and office ...................................................... 107.7 108.1 108.6 .9 .0 .5 2.8 1.3 .8

Sales and related ................................................ 106.6 104.3 104.7 1.3 -1.2 .4 2.6 -.9 -1.8

Office and administrative support ....................... 108.5 110.6 111.2 .6 .7 .5 3.0 2.6 2.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 109.0 110.7 111.2 .8 .1 .5 3.7 2.4 2.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry .............................................................. 109.9 111.4 111.8 .8 .1 .4 4.0 2.2 1.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair .................. 107.8 110.0 110.5 .7 .4 .5 3.3 2.8 2.5

Production, transportation, and material moving .... 106.9 108.5 109.0 .8 .5 .5 2.9 2.3 2.0

Production .......................................................... 106.5 108.2 108.7 .8 .7 .5 2.8 2.4 2.1

Transportation and material moving ................... 107.3 108.8 109.5 .7 .3 .6 3.0 2.1 2.1

Service occupations ............................................... 108.7 111.2 111.6 .6 .8 .4 3.2 3.0 2.7

Industry

Goods-producing industries3 .................................. 108.0 109.2 109.5 .8 .2 .3 3.2 2.0 1.4

Manufacturing ..................................................... 106.7 108.1 108.4 .8 .4 .3 2.7 2.1 1.6

Service-providing industries4 .................................. 108.5 110.2 110.5 .7 .5 .3 3.2 2.3 1.8

Education and health services ............................ 108.7 111.0 111.4 .6 .5 .4 3.6 2.8 2.5

Education services ......................................... 107.9 110.5 110.7 .6 .3 .2 3.8 3.0 2.6

Elementary and secondary schools ............ 107.5 110.4 110.5 .5 .3 .1 3.6 3.2 2.8

Junior colleges, colleges, 

universities, and professional schools ...... 108.4 110.7 111.2 .5 .4 .5 3.9 2.6 2.6

Health care and social assistance5 ................ 109.6 111.7 112.2 .6 .7 .4 3.5 2.6 2.4

Hospitals ..................................................... 109.4 112.0 112.6 .9 .6 .5 3.6 3.3 2.9

Nursing and residential care facilities ......... 108.1 110.3 110.9 .7 .5 .5 3.2 2.7 2.6

Public administration .......................................... 108.6 111.3 112.3 .4 .8 .9 3.2 2.9 3.4

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in

private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal

government. See "Technical note" for further explanation. 2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in

this table. See "Technical note" for further explanation. 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade;

transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and

insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical

services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and

waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance;

arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services;

other services, except public administration; and public administration. 5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not

shown separately.
- 17 - 

Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and

industry

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec. 2005 = 100) Percent changes for–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

3-months ended– 12-months ended–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Private industry workers

All workers ...................................................................... 108.4 109.8 110.1 0.7 0.4 0.3 3.1 2.0 1.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 ................... 108.7 110.6 110.8 .7 .5 .2 3.3 2.5 1.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ..................... 109.3 111.1 111.1 .7 .5 .0 3.3 2.4 1.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 ........... 109.3 111.2 111.2 .7 .5 .0 3.3 2.5 1.7

Management, business, and financial .................... 109.0 110.3 110.3 .7 .3 .0 3.3 1.9 1.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 ........... 109.3 111.0 110.9 .8 .3 -.1 3.4 2.4 1.5

Professional and related ......................................... 109.5 111.6 111.8 .7 .6 .2 3.3 2.7 2.1

Sales and office .......................................................... 107.7 107.9 108.3 .9 -.1 .4 2.8 1.1 .6

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 ........... 108.7 110.6 111.0 .6 .5 .4 3.3 2.4 2.1

Sales and related .................................................... 106.6 104.3 104.7 1.2 -1.3 .4 2.5 -.9 -1.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 ........... 109.1 110.6 110.9 .7 .2 .3 4.1 2.1 1.6

Office and administrative support ........................... 108.5 110.6 111.1 .7 .8 .5 2.9 2.7 2.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance .... 109.0 110.6 111.0 .8 .1 .4 3.7 2.3 1.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry .................................................................. 110.1 111.4 111.7 .8 -.1 .3 4.1 2.0 1.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ...................... 107.6 109.7 110.2 .7 .4 .5 3.3 2.7 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ........ 106.8 108.3 108.8 .8 .5 .5 2.9 2.2 1.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 ........... 106.7 108.6 109.0 .7 .6 .4 2.8 2.5 2.2

Production .............................................................. 106.4 108.1 108.5 .8 .7 .4 2.7 2.4 2.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 ........... 106.3 108.2 108.6 .8 .6 .4 2.6 2.6 2.2

Transportation and material moving ....................... 107.4 108.5 109.2 .8 .2 .6 3.2 1.9 1.7

Service occupations ................................................... 108.8 111.0 111.2 .8 .8 .2 3.3 2.9 2.2

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries2 ...................................... 108.0 109.2 109.5 .8 .2 .3 3.2 2.0 1.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 ........... 108.2 109.7 109.9 .7 .3 .2 3.1 2.1 1.6

Management, professional, and related ............. 108.4 109.3 109.3 .6 .5 .0 2.9 1.5 .8

Sales and office .................................................. 107.2 108.1 108.3 1.3 .2 .2 3.0 2.2 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance ..................................................... 109.6 111.1 111.4 .7 -.2 .3 3.8 2.1 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving 106.6 108.0 108.5 .9 .4 .5 2.8 2.2 1.8

Construction ........................................................... 110.0 111.2 111.4 .9 .1 .2 3.8 2.0 1.3

Manufacturing ......................................................... 106.7 108.1 108.4 .8 .4 .3 2.7 2.1 1.6

Management, professional, and related ......... 107.2 108.4 108.5 .5 .6 .1 2.5 1.6 1.2

Sales and office .............................................. 106.9 108.2 108.2 1.3 .1 .0 3.6 2.6 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance ................................................. 107.1 108.8 109.2 .3 -.2 .4 2.7 1.9 2.0

Production, transportation, and material

moving .......................................................... 106.3 107.7 108.2 .9 .4 .5 2.6 2.2 1.8

Aircraft manufacturing ........................................ 107.4 110.5 111.0 .4 2.2 .5 2.5 3.3 3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
- 18 - 

Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and

industry — Continued

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec. 2005 = 100) Percent changes for–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

3-months ended– 12-months ended–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Service-providing industries3 ...................................... 108.6 110.0 110.3 0.8 0.4 0.3 3.1 2.1 1.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 ........... 108.9 110.9 111.1 .8 .5 .2 3.4 2.7 2.0

Management, professional, and related ............. 109.4 111.4 111.5 .7 .5 .1 3.3 2.6 1.9

Sales and office .................................................. 107.7 107.9 108.3 .8 -.1 .4 2.7 1.0 .6

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance ..................................................... 108.0 109.9 110.5 1.0 .5 .5 3.5 2.8 2.3

Production, transportation, and material moving 107.1 108.6 109.3 .8 .5 .6 3.0 2.2 2.1

Service occupations ........................................... 108.8 111.0 111.3 .7 .8 .3 3.3 2.8 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities .......................... 107.2 107.8 108.2 1.2 .4 .4 2.8 1.8 .9

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 ....... 107.8 109.5 110.0 .9 .6 .5 3.1 2.5 2.0

Wholesale trade .................................................. 107.2 106.8 106.5 1.9 .4 -.3 2.3 1.5 -.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 ....... 108.3 109.9 110.1 .8 .5 .2 2.9 2.3 1.7

Retail trade ......................................................... 107.6 108.3 108.9 1.1 .2 .6 3.3 1.8 1.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 ....... 108.0 109.8 110.3 .8 .5 .5 3.3 2.5 2.1

Transportation and warehousing ........................ 106.0 107.2 107.9 1.0 .3 .7 2.2 2.1 1.8

Utilities ................................................................ 109.3 111.0 112.0 1.2 1.3 .9 3.6 2.8 2.5

Information .............................................................. 106.3 107.8 108.1 .9 .3 .3 1.3 2.4 1.7

Financial activities .................................................. 107.7 106.8 107.9 .5 -.4 1.0 2.7 -.4 .2

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 ....... 108.8 110.1 110.3 .6 .6 .2 3.0 1.9 1.4

Finance and insurance ....................................... 108.4 107.1 108.5 .5 -.5 1.3 2.7 -.7 .1

Credit intermediation and related

activities ........................................................ 106.0 106.1 106.8 .8 .3 .7 2.9 .9 .8

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 ....... 109.5 111.1 111.3 .7 .6 .2 3.7 2.2 1.6

Insurance carriers and related activities ......... 108.5 109.4 110.0 .6 .6 .5 2.6 1.4 1.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 ....... 108.3 109.9 110.6 1.1 .9 .6 2.8 2.6 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing ..................... 104.7 105.6 105.8 .2 -.1 .2 2.2 1.1 1.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations1 ....... 107.8 109.4 109.2 .4 .4 -.2 2.5 1.9 1.3

Professional and business services ....................... 110.0 112.3 112.2 .8 .4 -.1 3.9 2.9 2.0

Professional, scientific, and technical services ... 111.7 114.4 114.0 .8 .4 -.3 4.3 3.2 2.1

Administrative and support and waste

management and remediation services ............ 108.3 110.2 110.7 .8 .5 .5 3.3 2.6 2.2

Education and health services ................................ 109.2 111.4 111.8 .6 .7 .4 3.4 2.6 2.4

Education services ............................................. 108.6 111.1 111.2 .6 .3 .1 3.8 3.0 2.4

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and

professional schools ..................................... 108.4 111.2 111.3 .6 .5 .1 3.6 3.2 2.7

Health care and social assistance4 .................... 109.4 111.5 111.9 .6 .8 .4 3.4 2.6 2.3

Hospitals ......................................................... 109.2 111.8 112.3 .9 .6 .4 3.6 3.3 2.8

Nursing and residential care facilities ............. 108.1 110.3 110.6 .7 .5 .3 3.1 2.7 2.3

Nursing care facilities1 ................................ 108.1 110.2 110.5 .7 .6 .3 3.1 2.6 2.2

Leisure and hospitality ............................................ 109.9 113.1 112.8 .2 .7 -.3 3.3 3.1 2.6

Accommodation and food services ..................... 110.4 113.7 113.2 .4 .8 -.4 3.7 3.4 2.5

Other services, except public administration .......... 109.9 111.4 111.4 .6 .9 .0 3.6 2.0 1.4

1 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in

this table. See "Technical note" for further explanation. 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade;

transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance;

real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific, and technical

services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and

support and waste management and remediation services; education

services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment, and

recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except

public administration. 4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not

shown separately.
- 19 - 

Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and

census region and division

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Bargaining status and census region and division

Indexes (Dec. 2005 = 100) Percent changes for–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

3-months ended– 12-months ended–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Bargaining status

Union ...................................................................... 106.7 108.8 109.6 1.1 0.6 0.7 2.9 3.1 2.7

Goods-producing industries1 .............................. 106.4 108.2 108.8 1.1 .5 .6 2.7 2.9 2.3

Manufacturing ................................................. 104.4 106.0 106.4 1.0 .5 .4 1.9 2.5 1.9

Service-providing industries2 .............................. 106.9 109.2 110.1 1.0 .8 .8 3.0 3.2 3.0

Nonunion ................................................................ 108.7 110.0 110.2 .7 .4 .2 3.2 1.9 1.4

Goods-producing industries1 .............................. 108.4 109.5 109.7 .6 .2 .2 3.2 1.7 1.2

Manufacturing ................................................. 107.3 108.6 108.9 .7 .4 .3 3.0 1.9 1.5

Service-providing industries2 .............................. 108.8 110.1 110.3 .8 .4 .2 3.2 2.0 1.4

Census region and division3

Northeast ................................................................ 108.2 109.9 110.3 .7 .3 .4 3.0 2.2 1.9

New England ...................................................... 107.6 110.5 110.6 .5 .2 .1 2.7 3.2 2.8

Middle Atlantic .................................................... 108.4 109.7 110.1 .7 .3 .4 3.1 2.0 1.6

South ...................................................................... 109.1 110.4 110.7 .9 .4 .3 3.3 2.1 1.5

South Atlantic ..................................................... 109.5 110.8 111.3 .8 .5 .5 3.2 2.0 1.6

East South Central ............................................. 107.9 109.2 109.5 .7 .2 .3 3.3 1.9 1.5

West South Central ............................................ 108.8 110.1 110.2 .9 .3 .1 3.3 2.1 1.3

Midwest .................................................................. 107.5 108.4 108.6 1.1 .4 .2 3.0 2.0 1.0

East North Central .............................................. 107.0 107.5 107.7 1.1 .1 .2 2.5 1.6 .7

West North Central ............................................. 108.9 110.7 110.8 .9 .9 .1 4.2 2.6 1.7

West ....................................................................... 108.9 110.5 110.8 .6 .4 .3 3.3 2.0 1.7

Mountain ............................................................. 109.9 111.1 111.4 .9 .1 .3 4.2 2.0 1.4

Pacific ................................................................. 108.6 110.3 110.6 .5 .5 .3 3.1 2.0 1.8

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 2 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade;

transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and

insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific, and

technical services; management of companies and enterprises;

administrative and support and waste management and remediation

services; education services; health care and social assistance; arts,

entertainment, and recreation; accommodation and food services; and

other services, except public administration. 3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the

census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,

New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey,

New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of

Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina,

Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky,

Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana,

Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio,

and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri,

Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado,

Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific:

Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those

for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series. (See "Technical

note" for further information.)
- 20 - 

Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for State and local government workers, by

occupational group and industry

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group and industry

Indexes (Dec. 2005 = 100) Percent changes for–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

3-months ended– 12-months ended–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

State and local government workers

All workers .................................................................. 108.2 110.9 111.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 3.4 3.0 3.0

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ................. 108.2 110.7 111.2 .6 .3 .5 3.7 2.9 2.8

Professional and related ..................................... 108.1 110.6 111.1 .6 .3 .5 3.7 2.9 2.8

Sales and office ...................................................... 107.9 110.5 111.2 .5 .7 .6 3.0 2.9 3.1

Office and administrative support ....................... 108.3 111.0 111.6 .5 .8 .5 3.1 3.0 3.0

Service occupations ............................................... 108.6 112.0 112.7 .3 1.0 .6 3.2 3.4 3.8

Industry

Education and health services ................................ 108.1 110.7 111.1 .6 .2 .4 3.7 3.0 2.8

Education services ............................................. 107.7 110.4 110.7 .5 .3 .3 3.7 3.0 2.8

Schools1 ......................................................... 107.7 110.4 110.7 .5 .3 .3 3.7 3.0 2.8

Elementary and secondary schools ............ 107.5 110.3 110.5 .6 .2 .2 3.6 3.2 2.8

Health care and social assistance2 .................... 111.0 113.1 114.8 .8 -.3 1.5 3.5 2.7 3.4

Hospitals ......................................................... 110.3 112.8 114.0 .5 .6 1.1 3.6 2.7 3.4

Public administration .............................................. 108.6 111.3 112.3 .4 .8 .9 3.2 2.9 3.4

1 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges;

colleges, universities, and professional schools.

2 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not

shown separately.
- 21 - 

Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status

Indexes (Dec. 2005 = 100) Percent changes for–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

3-months ended– 12-months ended–

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

June

2008

Mar.

2009

June

2009

Civilian workers

All workers1 ................................................................ 108.1 109.7 110.0 0.5 0.5 0.3 2.9 2.0 1.8

Private industry workers

All workers .................................................................. 107.0 108.2 108.4 .5 .5 .2 2.6 1.6 1.3

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related ................. 107.9 108.8 108.8 .6 .3 .0 2.9 1.4 .8

Sales and office ...................................................... 107.0 108.0 108.1 .5 .2 .1 2.6 1.4 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 107.0 108.2 108.8 .5 .5 .6 2.1 1.6 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving .... 104.5 106.4 106.8 .1 1.2 .4 2.1 1.9 2.2

Service occupations ............................................... 108.5 109.7 110.0 .8 .8 .3 3.2 2.0 1.4

Industry

Goods-producing industries2 .................................. 104.4 105.4 105.7 .4 .7 .3 2.2 1.3 1.2

Manufacturing ..................................................... 102.2 103.5 103.6 -.1 1.0 .1 1.2 1.2 1.4

Aircraft manufacturing .................................... 71.3 73.4 73.5 .3 .1 .1 -2.9 3.2 3.1

Service-providing industries3 .................................. 108.1 109.3 109.5 .5 .4 .2 2.8 1.6 1.3

Bargaining status

Union ...................................................................... 106.6 109.5 110.3 .0 1.6 .7 2.4 2.7 3.5

Nonunion ................................................................ 107.1 107.9 108.0 .6 .3 .1 2.7 1.3 .8

State and local government workers

All workers .................................................................. 111.8 115.2 115.8 .4 .9 .5 3.5 3.4 3.6

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in

private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal

government. See "Technical note" for further explanation. 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade;

transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and

insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific, and

technical services; management of companies and enterprises;

administrative and support and waste management and remediation

services; education services; health care and social assistance; arts,

entertainment, and recreation; accommodation and food services; and

other services, except public administration.