For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, August 28, 2018 USDL-18-1370 

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

WORKER DISPLACEMENT: 2015-17

From January 2015 through December 2017, there were 3.0 million workers displaced from jobs they 

had held for at least 3 years, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This was down slightly 

from 3.2 million workers for the prior survey period covering January 2013 to December 2015. In 

January 2018, 66 percent of workers displaced from 2015 to 2017 were reemployed, little different from 

the reemployment rate for January 2016. 

The U.S. Department of Labor’s Chief Evaluation Office sponsored the January 2018 survey to collect 

information on workers who were displaced from their jobs. Since 1984, these surveys have been 

conducted biennially in January as supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly 

survey of households that is the primary source of information on the nation's labor force. 

Displaced workers are defined as persons 20 years of age and over who lost or left jobs because their 

plant or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift 

was abolished. The period covered in this study was 2015-17, the 3 calendar years prior to the January 

2018 survey date. This period was characterized by employment growth and declining unemployment. 

The following analysis focuses primarily on the 3.0 million persons who had worked for their employer 

for 3 or more years at the time of displacement (referred to as long-tenured workers). An additional 3.8 

million persons were displaced from jobs they had held for less than 3 years (referred to as short-tenured 

workers). Combining the short- and long-tenured groups, the number of displaced workers totaled 6.8 

million from 2015 to 2017. This is down from 7.4 million for the 2013-15 survey period. 

Highlights from the January 2018 survey: 

• In January 2018, 66 percent of the 3.0 million long-tenured displaced workers were reemployed,

little different than in January 2016. (See table 1.)

• Thirty-seven percent of long-tenured displaced workers from the 2015-17 period cited that they

lost their job because their plant or company closed down or moved; an additional 37 percent

said that their position or shift was abolished, and 26 percent cited insufficient work. (See

table 2.)

• Sixteen percent of long-tenured displaced workers lost a job in manufacturing. (See table 4.)

• Among long-tenured workers who were displaced from full-time wage and salary jobs and were

reemployed in such jobs in January 2018, 51 percent had earnings that were as much or greater

than those of their lost job, similar to the prior survey. (See table 7.)
- 2 - 

Characteristics of the Displaced

Sixty-six percent of the 3.0 million long-tenured displaced workers were reemployed at the time of the 

survey in January 2018, little different from the January 2016 survey. The proportion unemployed at the 

time of the most recent survey was 14 percent, also little different from January 2016. Nineteen percent 

of long-tenured displaced workers were not in the labor force in January 2018, essentially unchanged 

from the previous survey. (See table 1.) 

In January 2018, the reemployment rate was 76 percent for workers ages 25 to 54, up slightly from the 

prior survey. Reemployment rates continued to be lower for older workers; the rates for those ages 55 to 

64 and 65 years and over were 60 percent and 31 percent, respectively. Among those age 65 and over, 

57 percent were no longer in the labor force when surveyed, little different from the prior survey. 

Among long-tenured displaced workers, men and women had similar reemployment rates in January 

2018 (67 percent and 65 percent, respectively). The reemployment rates for men and women changed 

little from the prior survey. Long-tenured displaced men and women were about equally likely to be 

unemployed at the time of the survey (15 percent and 14 percent, respectively). The share of male 

displaced workers who had left the labor force remained at 18 percent, and the share of women was little 

changed at 21 percent.

In January 2018, the reemployment rate for long-tenured displaced Asian workers rose to 70 percent. 

The rates for Hispanics (69 percent), Blacks (66 percent), and Whites (65 percent) changed little from 

the prior survey.

Reason for Job Loss and Receipt of Advance Notice 

Of the 3.0 million long-tenured workers displaced during the January 2015 through December 2017 

period, 37 percent lost or left their jobs due to plant or company closings or moves. The proportion of 

displaced workers citing that their position or shift was abolished was also 37 percent, and the 

proportion citing insufficient work was 26 percent. (See table 2.)

Forty-three percent of long-tenured displaced workers in the January 2018 survey received written 

advance notice that their jobs would be terminated, little changed from the January 2016 survey. 

Workers who lost jobs during the 2015-17 period due to plant or company closings or moves continued 

to be most likely to receive written advance notice. Of this group, 58 percent received such notice. In 

contrast, 39 percent of workers who were displaced because their position or shift was abolished and 26

percent of those who lost jobs due to insufficient work were notified in advance. For each of these 

groups, reemployment rates were not statistically different for those who received written advanced 

notice and those who did not. (See table 3.) 

Industry and Occupation

During the 2015-17 period, 479,000 long-tenured manufacturing workers were displaced from their 

jobs—16 percent of all long-tenured displaced workers. Manufacturing displacements occurred mostly 

in the durable goods industry (313,000). Workers in professional and business services accounted for 15 

percent of all long-tenured displacements, while retail trade accounted for 12 percent of displacements, 

as did education and health services. (See table 4.) 
- 3 - 

For most major industry groups, in January 2018 reemployment rates were not statistically different

from January 2016. The reemployment rate for workers displaced from the information industry, 

however, declined from the prior survey, making them the least likely to be reemployed in January 2018 

(47 percent). Workers displaced from the health care and social assistance industry were most likely to 

be reemployed, at 81 percent. (Workers were not necessarily reemployed in the same industries from 

which they were displaced.) 

For the major occupation groups, the reemployment rates changed little from the prior survey. The 

January 2018 reemployment rates were 72 percent for those displaced from management, professional, 

and related occupations; 71 percent for production, transportation and material moving occupations; 64 

percent for service occupations; 62 percent for sales and office occupations; and 60 percent for natural

resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. (See table 5.)

Geographic Divisions 

The number of long-tenured workers displaced during the 2015-17 period changed little from the 2013-

15 period in most of the geographic divisions of the United States. In January 2018, the reemployment 

rates increased to 73 percent for the East South Central division and 68 percent for Middle Atlantic 

division. The rate fell to 62 percent for the Mountain division. (See table 6.) 

Earnings 

Of the 1.8 million long-tenured displaced workers who lost full-time wage and salary jobs during the 

2015-17 period and were reemployed in January 2018, 1.4 million had full-time wage and salary jobs in 

January 2018. Of these reemployed full-time workers who reported earnings on their lost job, the 

proportion that were earning as much or more than they did at their lost job was 51 percent in January 

2018, little different from the January 2016 survey. (See table 7.) 

Total Displaced Workers (With No Tenure Restriction)

The total number of workers displaced between January 2015 and December 2017 (regardless of how 

long they had held their jobs) was 6.8 million, down by 615,000 from the 2013-15 survey period. Of the 

total number of workers who lost jobs over the 2015-17 period, 68 percent were reemployed and 16 

percent were unemployed in January 2018; both little different from the prior survey. (See table 8.)
Technical Note

The data presented in this release were collected 

through a supplement to the January 2018 Current 

Population Survey (CPS), the monthly survey of about 

60,000 eligible households that provides basic data on 

employment and unemployment for the nation. The CPS is 

conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS). The purpose of this supplement was 

to obtain information on the number and characteristics of 

persons who had been displaced (as defined below) from 

their jobs over the prior 3 calendar years. The collection of 

these data is sponsored by the Department of Labor’s Chief 

Evaluation Office. Additional information, reports, and 

archived news release are available at

www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#displaced.

Data presented in this release are based on Census 2010 

population controls that are updated annually in January. 

Additional information, reports, and archived news release

are available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire 

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the true population values they 

represent. The component of this difference that occurs 

because samples differ by chance is known as sampling

error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of 

confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by 

no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population 

value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the 

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to 

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability 

or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data.

Information about the reliability of data from the CPS 

and guidance on estimating standard errors is available at

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Concepts and questions

Displaced workers are wage and salary workers 20

years of age and over who lost or left jobs because their plant 

or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work for 

them to do, or their position or shift was abolished. Data are 

often presented for long-tenured displaced workers—those 

who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years at the 

time of displacement.

Wage and salary workers receive wages, salaries, 

commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group 

includes employees in both the private and public sectors but 

excludes all self-employed persons, both those with 

incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses.

Data discussed in this release on displaced workers 

were obtained from the following questions:

(This question was asked of all persons 20 years and 

over.) During the last 3 calendar years, that is, January 2015 

through December 2017, did (you/name) lose a job or leave 

one because: (your/his/her) plant or company closed or 

moved, (your/his/her) position or shift was abolished, 

insufficient work, or another similar reason?

(If the respondent answered "yes" to the above question 

on job loss, the following question was then asked.) Which 

of these specific reasons describes why (name/you) (is/are) 

no longer working at that job?

Plant or company closed down or moved

Plant or company operating but lost or left job because of:

Insufficient work

Position or shift abolished

Seasonal job completed

Self-operated business failed

Some other reason

Respondents who provided one of the first three 

reasons—plant or company closed or moved, insufficient 

work, or position or shift abolished—were classified as 

displaced and asked additional questions about the lost job, 

including how many years they had worked for their 

employer; the year the job was lost; the earnings, industry, 

and occupation of the lost job; and whether health insurance 

had been provided. Other questions were asked to deter-mine 

what occurred before and after the job loss, such as: Was the 

respondent notified of the upcoming dismissal? How long 

did he/she go without work? Did he/she receive

unemployment benefits? And, if so, were the benefits used 

up? Did the person move to another location after the job loss 

to take or look for another job? Information also was 

collected about current health insurance coverage (other than 

Medicare and Medicaid) and current earnings for those 

employed at the time of the survey. 
Table 1. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment status

in January 2018

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

Total

Total, 20 years and over 2,981 100.0 66.4 14.4 19.3

20 to 24 years 73 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years 1,759 100.0 75.6 14.9 9.4

55 to 64 years 798 100.0 60.2 14.9 24.8

65 years and over 351 100.0 30.7 12.2 57.2

Men

Total, 20 years and over 1,681 100.0 67.4 14.8 17.7

20 to 24 years 33 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years 988 100.0 75.1 17.2 7.7

55 to 64 years 483 100.0 61.5 12.0 26.4

65 years and over 176 100.0 37.0 9.4 53.5

Women

Total, 20 years and over 1,301 100.0 65.0 13.8 21.3

20 to 24 years 40 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years 771 100.0 76.3 12.0 11.7

55 to 64 years 315 100.0 58.2 19.3 22.4

65 years and over 175 100.0 24.3 14.9 60.8

White

Total, 20 years and over 2,435 100.0 65.3 14.3 20.4

Men 1,390 100.0 66.0 14.7 19.3

Women 1,045 100.0 64.4 13.6 22.0

Black or African American

Total, 20 years and over 285 100.0 65.9 21.2 12.9

Men 139 100.0 68.3 21.8 10.0

Women 146 100.0 63.7 20.7 15.6

Asian

Total, 20 years and over 157 100.0 69.9 7.5 22.5

Men 83 100.0 78.2 5.8 16.0

Women 74 100.0 - - -

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 20 years and over 404 100.0 68.6 21.8 9.6

Men 238 100.0 72.1 18.1 9.9

Women 167 100.0 63.7 27.1 9.2

1Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2015 and December 2017

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data not shown where base is

less than 75,000.
Table 2. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and reason for job loss,

January 2018

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Total

Percent distribution by reason for job loss

Total

Plant or company

closed down or

moved

Insufficient work Position or shift

abolished

Total

Total, 20 years and over 2,981 100.0 36.7 26.3 37.0

20 to 24 years 73 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years 1,759 100.0 36.4 28.6 35.0

55 to 64 years 798 100.0 35.9 20.3 43.8

65 years and over 351 100.0 37.1 28.9 33.9

Men

Total, 20 years and over 1,681 100.0 33.0 31.8 35.2

20 to 24 years 33 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years 988 100.0 31.9 35.3 32.8

55 to 64 years 483 100.0 37.1 22.2 40.6

65 years and over 176 100.0 32.1 35.9 32.0

Women

Total, 20 years and over 1,301 100.0 41.4 19.4 39.3

20 to 24 years 40 100.0 - - -

25 to 54 years 771 100.0 42.1 20.0 37.9

55 to 64 years 315 100.0 34.1 17.3 48.6

65 years and over 175 100.0 42.2 21.9 35.9

White

Total, 20 years and over 2,435 100.0 36.4 26.6 37.0

Men 1,390 100.0 33.3 32.1 34.7

Women 1,045 100.0 40.6 19.4 40.0

Black or African American

Total, 20 years and over 285 100.0 33.2 30.3 36.4

Men 139 100.0 26.2 33.1 40.6

Women 146 100.0 39.9 27.6 32.5

Asian

Total, 20 years and over 157 100.0 46.5 14.2 39.3

Men 83 100.0 39.9 21.8 38.3

Women 74 100.0 - - -

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 20 years and over 404 100.0 52.0 28.0 20.0

Men 238 100.0 53.5 33.4 13.1

Women 167 100.0 49.8 20.3 29.9

1Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2015 and December 2017

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data not shown where base is

less than 75,000.
Table 3. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss,

and employment status in January 2018

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

Total

Total, 20 years and over2 2,981 100.0 66.4 14.4 19.3

Received written advance notice 1,272 100.0 65.9 14.2 19.9

Did not receive written advance notice 1,650 100.0 66.7 14.5 18.8

Plant or company closed down or moved

Total, 20 years and over2 1,093 100.0 70.4 9.6 19.9

Received written advance notice 632 100.0 68.7 11.8 19.5

Did not receive written advance notice 432 100.0 73.3 6.2 20.6

Insufficient work

Total, 20 years and over2 786 100.0 66.1 14.2 19.7

Received written advance notice 206 100.0 60.1 15.5 24.4

Did not receive written advance notice 576 100.0 68.0 13.8 18.2

Position or shift abolished

Total, 20 years and over2 1,103 100.0 62.5 19.2 18.2

Received written advance notice 435 100.0 64.6 17.0 18.3

Did not receive written advance notice 643 100.0 61.1 20.8 18.1

1Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2015 and December 2017

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

2Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.
Table 4. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in

January 2018

(Numbers in thousands)

Industry and class of worker of lost job Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

Total, 20 years and over2 2,981 100.0 66.4 14.4 19.3

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers 35 100.0 - - -

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers 2,893 100.0 66.9 13.9 19.2

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers 2,772 100.0 66.9 14.0 19.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 96 100.0 54.1 13.4 32.5

Construction 165 100.0 60.9 15.5 23.6

Manufacturing 479 100.0 64.7 13.7 21.7

Durable goods manufacturing 313 100.0 67.5 8.6 23.9

Primary metals and fabricated metal products 48 100.0 - - -

Machinery manufacturing 67 100.0 - - -

Computers and electronic products 52 100.0 - - -

Electrical equipment and appliances 29 100.0 - - -

Transportation equipment 58 100.0 - - -

Miscellaneous manufacturing 49 100.0 - - -

Other durable goods industries 11 100.0 - - -

Nondurable goods manufacturing 166 100.0 59.3 23.3 17.4

Food manufacturing 46 100.0 - - -

Textiles, apparel, and leather 14 100.0 - - -

Paper and printing 32 100.0 - - -

Other nondurable goods industries 73 100.0 - - -

Wholesale and retail trade 479 100.0 67.7 10.6 21.7

Wholesale trade 122 100.0 67.4 11.7 20.9

Retail trade 357 100.0 67.9 10.2 21.9

Transportation and utilities3 88 100.0 64.7 18.4 16.8

Transportation and warehousing 73 100.0 - - -

Information3 98 100.0 47.3 38.9 13.8

Telecommunications 38 100.0 - - -

Financial activities 205 100.0 68.1 15.9 16.0

Finance and insurance 152 100.0 64.0 21.4 14.6

Finance 73 100.0 - - -

Insurance 80 100.0 51.6 29.5 18.9

Real estate and rental and leasing 53 100.0 - - -

Professional and business services 439 100.0 67.3 15.9 16.8

Professional and technical services 328 100.0 68.3 16.2 15.5

Management, administrative, and waste services 112 100.0 64.5 15.1 20.5

Education and health services 368 100.0 77.5 10.0 12.5

Educational services 98 100.0 67.5 19.1 13.4

Health care and social assistance3 270 100.0 81.2 6.7 12.1

Hospitals 62 100.0 - - -

Health services, except hospitals 173 100.0 83.9 4.6 11.4

Leisure and hospitality3 234 100.0 65.9 10.3 23.8

Accommodation and food services3 188 100.0 65.8 11.7 22.6

Food services and drinking places 159 100.0 59.6 13.8 26.6

Other services 108 100.0 76.0 10.9 13.1

Government wage and salary workers 120 100.0 66.7 9.9 23.4

1Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2015 and December 2017

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

2Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of worker of lost job, not shown

separately.

3Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Note: Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Table 5. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by occupation of lost job and employment status in January 2018

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation of lost job Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

Total, 20 years and over2 2,981 100.0 66.4 14.4 19.3

Management, professional, and related occupations 1,143 100.0 71.7 13.0 15.4

Management, business, and financial operations occupations 598 100.0 73.5 10.4 16.0

Professional and related occupations 545 100.0 69.6 15.8 14.6

Service occupations 293 100.0 63.9 16.5 19.6

Sales and office occupations 796 100.0 61.5 16.5 22.0

Sales and related occupations 343 100.0 67.8 13.2 19.0

Office and administrative support occupations 453 100.0 56.7 18.9 24.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations 291 100.0 60.2 16.6 23.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 34 100.0 - - -

Construction and extraction occupations 169 100.0 60.4 14.1 25.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 88 100.0 62.1 18.5 19.4

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 415 100.0 70.7 7.7 21.6

Production occupations 246 100.0 73.8 6.4 19.8

Transportation and material moving occupations 168 100.0 66.0 9.6 24.3

1Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2015 and December 2017

because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

2Total includes a small number who did not report occupation or class of worker of lost job.

Note: Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Table 6. Long-tenured displaced workers1 by selected characteristics and area of residence in January 2018

(In thousands)

Characteristic Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Mountain Pacific

Workers who lost jobs

Total, 20 years and over 2,981 183 362 470 209 541 184 377 206 449

Men 1,681 82 242 241 131 298 103 236 117 231

Women 1,301 100 121 229 78 244 81 141 89 217

Reason for job loss

Plant or company closed down or moved 1,093 74 85 162 63 211 98 146 67 186

Insufficient work 786 36 128 111 58 108 50 124 50 122

Position or shift abolished 1,103 73 149 197 87 222 36 108 89 141

Industry and class of worker of lost job2

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary

 workers 35 8 - - 3 4 - 1 1 19

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers 2,893 165 362 458 206 517 184 372 206 423

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers 2,772 152 353 428 191 498 177 367 195 411

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 96 - 4 - 3 8 8 44 28 1

Construction 165 4 18 17 13 37 12 22 18 25

Manufacturing 479 39 60 128 27 63 31 43 28 60

Durable goods manufacturing 313 23 48 68 15 46 11 43 21 38

Nondurable goods manufacturing 166 16 12 60 12 17 20 - 7 22

Wholesale and retail trade 479 28 43 80 44 63 61 61 21 78

Transportation and utilities 88 0 16 10 8 28 2 3 6 15

Information 98 1 32 18 10 9 - 12 5 11

Financial activities 205 17 10 37 17 63 16 25 1 18

Professional and business services 439 27 56 50 31 87 7 95 36 51

Education and health services 368 29 54 44 28 67 12 25 22 88

Leisure and hospitality 234 5 48 24 8 42 18 26 15 47

Other services 108 1 14 21 2 23 10 10 10 16

Government wage and salary workers 120 13 9 29 15 19 7 5 11 12

Employment status in January 2018

Employed 1,978 122 247 295 139 358 134 244 128 312

Unemployed 429 31 59 72 19 73 13 53 33 77

Not in the labor force 574 30 56 103 51 110 38 80 45 60

1Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2015 and December 2017 because of plant or company

closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

2Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of worker of lost job, not shown separately.

NOTE: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont compose the New England Division; New Jersey, New York, and

Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas,

Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota compose the West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee

compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas compose the West South Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho,

Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the Mountain Division; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific

Division. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 7. Long-tenured displaced workers1 who lost full-time wage and salary jobs and were reemployed in January 2018 by industry

of lost job and characteristics of new job

(In thousands)

Industry and class of worker of lost job

Reemployed in January 2018

Total

Wage and salary workers

Part

time

Full time

Total2

Earnings relative to those of lost job

20 percent

or more

below

Below, but

within 20

percent

Equal or

above, but

within 20

percent

20 percent

or more

above

Selfemployed

and

unpaid

family

workers

Total who lost full-time wage and salary jobs3 1,755 185 1,430 326 259 340 278 139

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary

 workers 17 - 17 - 1 11 5 -

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers 1,720 185 1,395 321 258 325 264 139

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers 1,655 174 1,346 303 248 317 253 135

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 50 4 37 18 9 1 7 9

Construction 100 - 84 24 13 15 8 16

Manufacturing 299 29 252 65 35 73 38 19

Durable goods manufacturing 206 14 179 44 24 57 29 14

Nondurable goods manufacturing 93 15 73 22 11 16 9 5

Wholesale and retail trade 286 37 228 32 36 55 39 21

Transportation and utilities 53 10 43 10 14 3 8 -

Information 45 1 36 12 2 1 15 8

Financial activities 138 9 124 18 32 40 18 5

Professional and business services 269 14 233 49 50 65 49 21

Education and health services 233 38 185 55 40 32 41 10

Leisure and hospitality 103 19 67 19 8 18 2 18

Other services 71 14 49 0 3 13 27 8

Government wage and salary workers 65 11 49 18 10 7 11 5

1Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2015 and December 2017 because of plant or company

closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

2Includes persons who did not report earnings on lost job.

3Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Table 8. Total displaced workers1 by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2018

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

Workers who lost jobs

Total, 20 years and over 6,825 100.0 67.8 16.1 16.1

20 to 24 years 717 100.0 73.1 12.3 14.7

25 to 54 years 4,377 100.0 73.0 16.6 10.5

55 to 64 years 1,236 100.0 60.8 17.1 22.1

65 years and over 494 100.0 31.5 15.0 53.5

Men, 20 years and over 4,025 100.0 68.9 16.7 14.4

20 to 24 years 439 100.0 73.3 13.3 13.4

25 to 54 years 2,549 100.0 73.2 18.4 8.4

55 to 64 years 772 100.0 62.9 14.8 22.3

65 years and over 264 100.0 38.0 11.1 50.8

Women, 20 years and over 2,800 100.0 66.1 15.2 18.6

20 to 24 years 278 100.0 72.7 10.5 16.7

25 to 54 years 1,828 100.0 72.7 14.0 13.4

55 to 64 years 464 100.0 57.3 21.0 21.7

65 years and over 230 100.0 24.0 19.4 56.6

White 5,277 100.0 67.8 15.2 16.9

Black or African American 929 100.0 62.2 23.8 13.9

Asian 316 100.0 69.7 12.2 18.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 1,135 100.0 64.4 22.3 13.3

Reason for job loss

Plant or company closed down or moved 2,121 100.0 70.1 12.3 17.7

Insufficient work 2,616 100.0 67.3 17.0 15.7

Position or shift abolished 2,087 100.0 66.0 18.8 15.2

Occupation of lost job2

Management, professional, and related occupations 2,209 100.0 73.5 13.1 13.4

Management, business, and financial operations occupations 1,134 100.0 73.5 15.1 11.4

Professional and related occupations 1,075 100.0 73.4 11.1 15.5

Service occupations 928 100.0 66.4 14.8 18.8

Sales and office occupations 1,626 100.0 63.4 18.9 17.7

Sales and related occupations 760 100.0 70.1 12.5 17.4

Office and administrative support occupations 866 100.0 57.5 24.5 18.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations 803 100.0 70.0 15.2 14.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 71 100.0 - - -

Construction and extraction occupations 542 100.0 73.3 14.7 11.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 190 100.0 66.7 14.6 18.7

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 1,012 100.0 65.6 15.1 19.3

Production occupations 554 100.0 70.7 13.4 15.9

Transportation and material moving occupations 459 100.0 59.4 17.1 23.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Total displaced workers1 by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2018 --

Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Total

Percent distribution by employment status

Total Employed Unemployed Not in the

labor force

Industry and class of worker of lost job2

Agriculture and related industries wage and salary workers 77 100.0 56.3 11.2 32.5

Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers 6,508 100.0 68.3 15.7 16.1

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers 6,287 100.0 68.2 15.7 16.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 152 100.0 60.4 10.3 29.2

Construction 625 100.0 70.9 17.9 11.2

Manufacturing 924 100.0 67.2 16.5 16.3

Durable goods manufacturing 603 100.0 68.9 14.2 17.0

Nondurable goods manufacturing 322 100.0 64.0 20.9 15.1

Wholesale and retail trade 1,051 100.0 66.4 13.3 20.4

Transportation and utilities 249 100.0 70.7 16.6 12.7

Information 176 100.0 63.8 27.2 9.0

Financial activities 440 100.0 68.1 18.8 13.1

Professional and business services 1,044 100.0 65.0 19.3 15.8

Education and health services 722 100.0 71.8 13.1 15.1

Leisure and hospitality 641 100.0 69.9 10.6 19.5

Other services 238 100.0 76.0 11.3 12.8

Government wage and salary workers 221 100.0 70.7 14.2 15.1

1Data refer to all persons (regardless of years of tenure on lost job) who had lost or left a job between January 2015 and December 

2017 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

2Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report occupation, industry or class of worker of lost

job, not shown separately.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data not shown where base is

less than 75,000.