Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-19-1868 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, November 1, 2019

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — OCTOBER 2019 

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 128,000 in October, and the unemployment rate was little 

changed at 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains occurred in 

food services and drinking places, social assistance, and financial activities. Within manufacturing, 

employment in motor vehicles and parts decreased due to strike activity. Federal government 

employment was down, reflecting a drop in the number of temporary jobs for the 2020 Census. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey 

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 3.6 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 5.9 million, 

changed little in October. (See table A-1.) 

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

Oct-17 Jan-18 Apr-18 Jul-18 Oct-18 Jan-19 Apr-19 Jul-19 Oct-19

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

October 2017 – October 2019

Percent

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Oct-17 Jan-18 Apr-18 Jul-18 Oct-18 Jan-19 Apr-19 Jul-19 Oct-19

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, October 2017 – October 2019
 

-2-

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.2 percent), adult women 

(3.2 percent), teenagers (12.3 percent), Whites (3.2 percent), Blacks (5.4 percent), Asians (2.9 percent), 

and Hispanics (4.1 percent) showed little or no change in October. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged 

at 1.3 million in October and accounted for 21.5 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate was little changed at 63.3 percent in October, and the employmentpopulation ratio held at 61.0 percent. Both measures were up by 0.4 percentage point over the year. 

(See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.4 million, changed little in 

October. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time 

because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

In October, 1.2 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 262,000 from a 

year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 341,000 discouraged workers in October, down by 165,000 

from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently 

looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 888,000 persons 

marginally attached to the labor force in October had not searched for work for reasons such as school 

attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 128,000 in October. Job growth has averaged 

167,000 per month thus far in 2019, compared with an average monthly gain of 223,000 in 2018. In 

October, notable job gains occurred in food services and drinking places, social assistance, and financial 

activities. Employment declined in motor vehicles and parts manufacturing due to strike activity. 

Federal government employment also was down, reflecting a drop in the number of temporary jobs for 

the 2020 Census. (See table B-1.) 

In October, food services and drinking places added 48,000 jobs. Job growth in the industry has 

averaged 38,000 over the past 3 months, compared with an average monthly gain of 16,000 in the first 7 

months of 2019. 

Employment in social assistance increased by 20,000 in October and by 139,000 over the last 12 

months. Most of the gain occurred in individual and family services, which added 17,000 jobs over the 

month and 111,000 over the year. 

In October, employment in financial activities rose by 16,000, with gains in real estate and rental and 

leasing (+10,000) and in credit intermediation and related activities (+6,000). Financial activities has 

added 108,000 jobs over the last 12 months. 
 

-3-

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in October (+22,000). The 

industry has added an average of 33,000 jobs per month thus far in 2019, compared with an average gain 

of 47,000 jobs per month in 2018. 

Health care employment continued on an upward trend in October (+15,000). Health care has added 

402,000 jobs over the last 12 months. 

Manufacturing employment decreased by 36,000 in October. Within manufacturing, employment in 

motor vehicles and parts declined by 42,000, reflecting strike activity. 

Federal government employment was down by 17,000 over the month, as 20,000 temporary workers 

who had been preparing for the 2020 Census completed their work. 

Employment in other major industries—including mining, construction, wholesale trade, retail trade, 

transportation and warehousing, and information—showed little change over the month. 

In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 6 cents to 

$28.18. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 3.0 percent. In October, 

average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 4 cents 

to $23.70. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours in 

October. In manufacturing, the average workweek decreased by 0.2 hour to 40.3 hours, while overtime 

was unchanged at 3.2 hours. The average workweek of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees held at 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised up by 51,000 from +168,000 to 

+219,000, and the change for September was revised up by 44,000 from +136,000 to +180,000. With 

these revisions, employment gains in August and September combined were 95,000 more than 

previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and 

government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) 

After revisions, job gains have averaged 176,000 over the last 3 months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 6, 

2019, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Change from:

Sept. 2019-

Oct. 2019

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 258,514 259,432 259,638 259,845 207

Civilian labor force........................................................... 162,694 163,922 164,039 164,364 325

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.9 63.2 63.2 63.3 0.1

Employed................................................................... 156,582 157,878 158,269 158,510 241

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.6 60.9 61.0 61.0 0.0

Unemployed............................................................... 6,112 6,044 5,769 5,855 86

Unemployment rate.................................................... 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.6 0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 95,821 95,510 95,599 95,481 -118

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.6 0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.2 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.2 0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 12.0 12.6 12.5 12.3 -0.2

White.......................................................................... 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.2 0.0

Black or African American.................................................. 6.2 5.5 5.5 5.4 -0.1

Asian.......................................................................... 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.9 0.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 4.4 4.2 3.9 4.1 0.2

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.9 0.1

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 5.9 5.4 4.8 5.6 0.8

High school graduates, no college........................................ 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.7 0.1

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.9 0.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 2,858 2,876 2,572 2,674 102

Job leavers...................................................................... 731 781 840 849 9

Reentrants....................................................................... 1,914 1,801 1,669 1,703 34

New entrants.................................................................... 605 574 677 627 -50

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,062 2,207 1,868 1,968 100

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 1,845 1,757 1,781 1,749 -32

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 859 835 819 899 80

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,370 1,243 1,314 1,264 -50

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 4,630 4,381 4,350 4,438 88

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 2,837 2,678 2,588 2,754 166

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,461 1,351 1,322 1,287 -35

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 21,448 21,697 21,573 21,549 -24

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,491 1,564 1,299 1,229 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 506 467 321 341 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 219 180 128

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 163 167 131

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4 7 -26

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 -5 1 0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 7 11 10

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2 -5 -36

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 -2 -6 -41

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 -2.6 -3.5 -41.6

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4 1 5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 159 160 157

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 2.4 7.1 10.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9.9 -1.3 6.7 6.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 -7.6 6.3 9.9

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 -0.9 -1.3 -1.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 -4 4 -4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 17 8 16

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 38 37 22

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 9.5 20.1 -8.1

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 63 49 39

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.7 54.8 44.8 34.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 48 45 61

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5 -2 -3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -8 56 13 -3

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 188 188 176

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 149 151 154

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.7 49.9 49.9 49.9

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 48.5 48.6 48.6

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.3 82.3 82.2

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 34.4 34.4 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $27.35 $28.11 $28.12 $28.18

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $943.58 $966.98 $967.33 $969.39

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.3 111.4 111.5 111.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.2 149.7 149.9 150.4

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.3

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4 55.8 55.4 55.4

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 48.7 40.8 43.4

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 142,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 689,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 

(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258,514 259,638 259,845 258,514 259,037 259,225 259,432 259,638 259,845

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162,723 163,943 164,576 162,694 162,981 163,351 163,922 164,039 164,364

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 63.1 63.3 62.9 62.9 63.0 63.2 63.2 63.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,952 158,478 159,067 156,582 157,005 157,288 157,878 158,269 158,510

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 61.0 61.2 60.6 60.6 60.7 60.9 61.0 61.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,771 5,465 5,510 6,112 5,975 6,063 6,044 5,769 5,855

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,792 95,694 95,269 95,821 96,057 95,874 95,510 95,599 95,481

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,048 4,637 4,412 5,333 5,322 5,043 5,150 4,880 4,753

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,041 125,583 125,687 125,041 125,285 125,378 125,481 125,583 125,687

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,081 86,729 86,824 86,146 86,479 86,805 86,832 86,839 86,884

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.8 69.1 69.1 68.9 69.0 69.2 69.2 69.1 69.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,052 83,862 83,918 82,894 83,293 83,584 83,600 83,732 83,753

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.4 66.8 66.8 66.3 66.5 66.7 66.6 66.7 66.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,029 2,867 2,906 3,252 3,185 3,221 3,233 3,107 3,132

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,960 38,855 38,863 38,895 38,806 38,573 38,649 38,744 38,802

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,546 117,140 117,242 116,546 116,843 116,939 117,040 117,140 117,242

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,332 83,837 83,967 83,277 83,501 83,794 83,868 83,829 83,902

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.5 71.6 71.6 71.5 71.5 71.7 71.7 71.6 71.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,637 81,348 81,433 80,388 80,718 80,981 81,039 81,135 81,181

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 69.4 69.5 69.0 69.1 69.3 69.2 69.3 69.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,694 2,488 2,534 2,889 2,783 2,814 2,830 2,694 2,721

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,215 33,304 33,275 33,269 33,341 33,144 33,171 33,311 33,340

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,474 134,054 134,158 133,474 133,753 133,847 133,951 134,054 134,158

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,642 77,214 77,752 76,548 76,502 76,546 77,090 77,199 77,480

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.4 57.6 58.0 57.4 57.2 57.2 57.6 57.6 57.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,900 74,616 75,149 73,688 73,712 73,705 74,278 74,537 74,757

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 55.7 56.0 55.2 55.1 55.1 55.5 55.6 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,742 2,598 2,603 2,860 2,790 2,841 2,812 2,662 2,723

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,832 56,840 56,406 56,926 57,251 57,301 56,861 56,855 56,678

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,200 125,806 125,907 125,200 125,509 125,604 125,705 125,806 125,907

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,683 74,501 74,891 73,442 73,579 73,548 74,123 74,314 74,517

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.9 59.2 59.5 58.7 58.6 58.6 59.0 59.1 59.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,270 72,204 72,584 70,935 71,139 71,069 71,655 71,974 72,112

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.9 57.4 57.6 56.7 56.7 56.6 57.0 57.2 57.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,412 2,297 2,307 2,507 2,441 2,479 2,468 2,340 2,405

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,517 51,304 51,016 51,757 51,929 52,057 51,582 51,491 51,390

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,768 16,691 16,696 16,768 16,686 16,682 16,687 16,691 16,696

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,708 5,605 5,718 5,974 5,900 6,009 5,931 5,895 5,946

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 33.6 34.2 35.6 35.4 36.0 35.5 35.3 35.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,045 4,926 5,050 5,258 5,148 5,239 5,184 5,160 5,217

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.1 29.5 30.2 31.4 30.9 31.4 31.1 30.9 31.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664 680 668 715 751 770 747 735 729

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 12.1 11.7 12.0 12.7 12.8 12.6 12.5 12.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,060 11,086 10,978 10,795 10,786 10,673 10,756 10,796 10,750

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,596 201,062 201,172 200,596 200,746 200,843 200,953 201,062 201,172

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,018 126,928 127,165 126,100 126,244 126,345 126,765 127,053 127,114

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 63.1 63.2 62.9 62.9 62.9 63.1 63.2 63.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,170 123,055 123,402 121,923 122,125 122,144 122,471 122,972 123,012

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 61.2 61.3 60.8 60.8 60.8 60.9 61.2 61.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,848 3,873 3,763 4,177 4,119 4,201 4,293 4,081 4,102

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,578 74,133 74,007 74,496 74,502 74,498 74,188 74,008 74,058

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,737 66,100 66,081 65,771 65,928 65,994 66,066 66,134 66,119

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.6 71.8 71.7 71.6 71.7 71.7 71.8 71.8 71.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,933 64,380 64,316 63,785 64,009 64,005 64,094 64,246 64,168

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.6 69.9 69.8 69.4 69.6 69.6 69.6 69.7 69.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,803 1,720 1,765 1,986 1,919 1,989 1,972 1,888 1,951

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,941 56,449 56,682 55,778 55,704 55,663 56,063 56,356 56,394

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 58.4 58.6 57.8 57.7 57.6 58.0 58.3 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,325 54,807 55,143 54,062 53,993 53,988 54,286 54,707 54,750

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.3 56.7 57.0 56.1 55.9 55.9 56.2 56.6 56.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,615 1,643 1,539 1,716 1,711 1,675 1,776 1,649 1,644

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.9 2.7 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,341 4,379 4,402 4,551 4,612 4,687 4,636 4,563 4,601

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 35.8 36.0 37.0 37.7 38.3 37.9 37.3 37.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,911 3,868 3,943 4,076 4,123 4,151 4,091 4,019 4,093

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.8 31.6 32.2 33.1 33.7 33.9 33.4 32.8 33.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 511 460 476 489 536 545 545 508

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 11.7 10.4 10.5 10.6 11.4 11.8 11.9 11.0

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,887 33,116 33,152 32,887 33,014 33,045 33,081 33,116 33,152

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,706 20,656 20,834 20,564 20,430 20,714 20,588 20,669 20,682

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 62.4 62.8 62.5 61.9 62.7 62.2 62.4 62.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,397 19,611 19,695 19,290 19,199 19,481 19,463 19,540 19,559

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.0 59.2 59.4 58.7 58.2 59.0 58.8 59.0 59.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,309 1,045 1,139 1,274 1,231 1,233 1,125 1,129 1,123

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 5.1 5.5 6.2 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,181 12,460 12,317 12,323 12,584 12,331 12,492 12,447 12,470

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,477 9,509 9,552 9,400 9,303 9,502 9,490 9,490 9,484

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 68.3 68.5 68.2 67.1 68.4 68.3 68.2 68.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,862 9,032 9,068 8,814 8,768 8,953 8,931 8,975 9,005

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3 64.9 65.0 63.9 63.2 64.5 64.2 64.5 64.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615 477 484 586 535 549 559 515 480

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.0 5.1 6.2 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.4 5.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,415 10,480 10,567 10,327 10,396 10,421 10,379 10,460 10,471

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.6 63.1 62.2 62.3 62.4 62.1 62.5 62.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,892 10,024 10,039 9,825 9,846 9,877 9,926 9,978 9,967

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 59.9 59.9 59.2 59.0 59.2 59.4 59.6 59.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 456 528 501 550 544 453 482 503

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.3 5.0 4.9 5.3 5.2 4.4 4.6 4.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815 668 715 837 731 790 719 719 726

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 27.2 29.1 33.6 29.7 32.1 29.2 29.3 29.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 556 588 650 586 650 605 587 587

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8 22.6 23.9 26.1 23.8 26.4 24.6 23.9 23.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 112 127 187 145 140 113 132 139

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1 16.8 17.8 22.4 19.9 17.7 15.7 18.3 19.2

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,030 16,400 16,399 16,030 16,557 16,399 16,433 16,400 16,399

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,213 10,518 10,669 10,280 10,526 10,449 10,524 10,519 10,721

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 64.1 65.1 64.1 63.6 63.7 64.0 64.1 65.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,899 10,261 10,371 9,956 10,303 10,160 10,225 10,260 10,416

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 62.6 63.2 62.1 62.2 62.0 62.2 62.6 63.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 257 298 324 222 289 299 258 306

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 2.4 2.8 3.1 2.1 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,817 5,881 5,730 5,750 6,032 5,950 5,909 5,881 5,678

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 43,054 43,722 43,814 43,054 43,453 43,537 43,630 43,722 43,814

Civilian labor force................................ 28,512 29,258 29,542 28,513 28,855 28,896 29,082 29,287 29,486

Participation rate............................... 66.2 66.9 67.4 66.2 66.4 66.4 66.7 67.0 67.3

Employed....................................... 27,343 28,210 28,419 27,266 27,602 27,581 27,866 28,152 28,282

Employment-population ratio............... 63.5 64.5 64.9 63.3 63.5 63.4 63.9 64.4 64.6

Unemployed.................................... 1,169 1,048 1,123 1,248 1,253 1,314 1,216 1,135 1,204

Unemployment rate......................... 4.1 3.6 3.8 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.2 3.9 4.1

Not in labor force................................. 14,542 14,464 14,272 14,541 14,599 14,642 14,548 14,435 14,328

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,442 15,783 15,858 15,448 15,659 15,651 15,718 15,791 15,841

Participation rate............................... 79.4 80.0 80.2 79.5 79.8 79.6 79.8 80.0 80.1

Employed....................................... 14,898 15,390 15,377 14,854 15,093 15,017 15,186 15,320 15,307

Employment-population ratio............... 76.6 78.0 77.7 76.4 76.9 76.4 77.1 77.6 77.4

Unemployed.................................... 544 393 481 594 566 634 532 471 533

Unemployment rate......................... 3.5 2.5 3.0 3.8 3.6 4.0 3.4 3.0 3.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,778 12,210 12,376 11,767 11,885 11,929 12,113 12,191 12,327

Participation rate............................... 59.9 61.1 61.8 59.9 59.9 60.0 60.8 61.0 61.6

Employed....................................... 11,305 11,737 11,922 11,266 11,382 11,480 11,604 11,724 11,844

Employment-population ratio............... 57.5 58.8 59.5 57.3 57.3 57.7 58.2 58.7 59.2

Unemployed.................................... 472 472 455 501 503 449 509 467 483

Unemployment rate......................... 4.0 3.9 3.7 4.3 4.2 3.8 4.2 3.8 3.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,293 1,265 1,307 1,298 1,310 1,316 1,251 1,305 1,318

Participation rate............................... 32.6 31.6 32.6 32.8 32.9 33.0 31.3 32.6 32.9

Employed....................................... 1,140 1,083 1,121 1,145 1,126 1,084 1,076 1,108 1,130

Employment-population ratio............... 28.8 27.0 27.9 28.9 28.3 27.2 26.9 27.7 28.2

Unemployed.................................... 152 182 187 153 184 232 175 197 188

Unemployment rate......................... 11.8 14.4 14.3 11.8 14.0 17.6 14.0 15.1 14.3

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,078 10,008 9,588 10,268 10,025 9,975 10,032 9,929 9,786

Participation rate.................................. 46.9 46.3 46.3 47.8 45.4 47.1 47.1 46.0 47.2

Employed.......................................... 9,567 9,608 9,137 9,658 9,489 9,466 9,490 9,448 9,242

Employment-population ratio................. 44.5 44.5 44.1 44.9 43.0 44.7 44.6 43.7 44.6

Unemployed....................................... 510 400 452 610 536 509 542 480 544

Unemployment rate............................ 5.1 4.0 4.7 5.9 5.3 5.1 5.4 4.8 5.6

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,254 36,701 36,439 36,103 36,120 36,286 36,318 36,313 36,270

Participation rate.................................. 57.8 58.4 58.0 57.6 57.8 57.5 57.3 57.8 57.8

Employed.......................................... 34,879 35,474 35,160 34,650 34,715 34,982 35,023 35,005 34,941

Employment-population ratio................. 55.6 56.5 56.0 55.3 55.6 55.4 55.3 55.7 55.7

Unemployed....................................... 1,375 1,227 1,279 1,454 1,404 1,304 1,295 1,308 1,328

Unemployment rate............................ 3.8 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,808 37,404 37,881 37,531 37,200 37,222 37,710 37,452 37,581

Participation rate.................................. 65.7 65.0 65.3 65.2 64.7 65.0 65.6 65.1 64.8

Employed.......................................... 36,706 36,348 36,862 36,392 36,069 36,028 36,549 36,363 36,510

Employment-population ratio................. 63.8 63.1 63.6 63.2 62.7 62.9 63.6 63.2 63.0

Unemployed....................................... 1,102 1,056 1,018 1,139 1,132 1,194 1,161 1,089 1,072

Unemployment rate............................ 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 58,022 59,077 59,700 57,968 58,510 58,664 58,800 59,080 59,517

Participation rate.................................. 73.6 73.9 74.0 73.5 73.8 73.4 73.9 73.9 73.8

Employed.......................................... 56,890 57,919 58,520 56,782 57,275 57,399 57,551 57,884 58,274

Employment-population ratio................. 72.2 72.5 72.6 72.0 72.3 71.8 72.3 72.4 72.3

Unemployed....................................... 1,132 1,157 1,180 1,186 1,235 1,265 1,249 1,196 1,243

Unemployment rate............................ 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2019

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,090 18,710 17,218 16,821 1,872 1,889

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,369 9,169 8,255 8,105 1,114 1,064

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.1 49.0 47.9 48.2 59.5 56.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,100 8,895 8,019 7,891 1,081 1,004

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.7 47.5 46.6 46.9 57.7 53.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 274 236 214 33 60

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.6 3.0 5.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,721 9,541 8,963 8,716 758 825

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,141 4,370 3,405 3,597 736 772

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,384 3,441 2,861 2,943 523 498

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.7 78.7 84.0 81.8 71.1 64.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,279 3,320 2,770 2,869 509 451

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.2 76.0 81.3 79.8 69.2 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 121 91 74 14 47

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.5 3.2 2.5 2.7 9.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757 929 545 654 213 274

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,147 3,074 2,677 2,609 470 466

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,450 2,297 2,109 1,965 341 332

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.9 74.7 78.8 75.3 72.6 71.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,383 2,216 2,047 1,889 336 328

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.7 72.1 76.5 72.4 71.4 70.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 81 61 77 5 4

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 3.5 2.9 3.9 1.6 1.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697 777 568 643 129 134

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,502 7,094 7,246 6,848 256 246

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,545 1,443 1,491 1,396 54 47

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.6 20.3 20.6 20.4 21.2 19.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,498 1,409 1,447 1,363 52 47

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0 19.9 20.0 19.9 20.2 18.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 34 44 34 3 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 2.3 3.0 2.4 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,957 5,651 5,755 5,452 202 199

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,300 4,172 3,890 3,767 410 405

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,990 1,987 1,795 1,800 195 187

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.3 47.6 46.1 47.8 47.6 46.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,940 1,949 1,755 1,770 184 179

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 46.7 45.1 47.0 45.0 44.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 39 39 30 11 9

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 1.9 2.2 1.7 5.6 4.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,310 2,185 2,095 1,967 215 218

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230,542 232,012 103,266 104,279 127,276 127,733

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,214 153,292 76,864 77,718 74,351 75,575

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 66.1 74.4 74.5 58.4 59.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,912 148,318 74,170 75,158 71,743 73,160

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 63.9 71.8 72.1 56.4 57.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,302 4,974 2,694 2,559 2,608 2,415

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,328 78,719 26,402 26,561 52,925 52,158

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2019

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,145 29,797 228,370 230,048

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,468 6,125 156,255 158,451

Participation rate..................................................................... 21.5 20.6 68.4 68.9

Employed............................................................................. 5,987 5,705 150,965 153,362

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 19.9 19.1 66.1 66.7

Unemployed.......................................................................... 480 420 5,290 5,090

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.4 6.9 3.4 3.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,677 23,672 72,114 71,596

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,740 2,665 77,736 78,118

Participation rate..................................................................... 36.4 35.9 82.4 82.9

Employed............................................................................. 2,520 2,460 75,067 75,558

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 33.5 33.2 79.6 80.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 221 205 2,669 2,560

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.1 7.7 3.4 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,790 4,749 16,560 16,170

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,511 2,255 69,508 70,619

Participation rate..................................................................... 32.0 30.6 71.6 72.6

Employed............................................................................. 2,304 2,088 67,136 68,317

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.4 28.3 69.2 70.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 207 167 2,372 2,303

Unemployment rate............................................................... 8.2 7.4 3.4 3.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,329 5,122 27,560 26,646

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,216 1,204 9,011 9,714

Participation rate..................................................................... 8.2 8.0 24.4 25.2

Employed............................................................................. 1,163 1,157 8,762 9,487

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.9 7.7 23.7 24.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 53 47 249 227

Unemployment rate............................................................... 4.3 3.9 2.8 2.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,559 13,802 27,994 28,780

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2019

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 43,051 42,326 20,795 20,385 22,256 21,940

Civilian labor force.................................................. 28,410 28,067 16,198 15,931 12,212 12,137

Participation rate.................................................. 66.0 66.3 77.9 78.1 54.9 55.3

Employed.......................................................... 27,533 27,346 15,763 15,565 11,770 11,780

Employment-population ratio................................. 64.0 64.6 75.8 76.4 52.9 53.7

Unemployed....................................................... 877 722 436 365 441 356

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.3 3.6 2.9

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,641 14,258 4,597 4,455 10,044 9,803

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 215,463 217,519 104,245 105,301 111,218 112,218

Civilian labor force.................................................. 134,313 136,509 69,882 70,893 64,431 65,615

Participation rate.................................................. 62.3 62.8 67.0 67.3 57.9 58.5

Employed.......................................................... 129,419 131,721 67,290 68,352 62,130 63,369

Employment-population ratio................................. 60.1 60.6 64.5 64.9 55.9 56.5

Unemployed....................................................... 4,894 4,788 2,593 2,541 2,301 2,247

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4

Not in labor force.................................................... 81,150 81,010 34,363 34,408 46,787 46,603

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,484 2,479 2,553 2,418 2,320 2,402 2,400 2,404 2,461

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,771 1,672 1,738 1,674 1,482 1,577 1,560 1,610 1,630

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 692 781 786 722 778 779 789 769 796

Unpaid family workers........................... 21 27 30 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 154,468 155,999 156,513 154,135 154,725 154,904 155,528 155,830 155,998

Wage and salary workers1...................... 145,325 147,030 147,522 145,071 145,906 145,880 146,480 146,837 147,161

Government..................................... 21,187 21,089 21,598 21,186 20,952 20,823 20,913 21,088 21,469

Private industries............................... 124,139 125,942 125,924 124,063 124,901 125,012 125,602 125,756 125,805

Private households.......................... 769 842 784 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 123,370 125,100 125,140 123,239 124,115 124,224 124,745 124,867 124,974

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 9,055 8,889 8,926 8,949 8,766 8,945 8,891 8,843 8,802

Unpaid family workers........................... 88 80 66 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,246 3,992 4,046 4,630 4,347 3,984 4,381 4,350 4,438

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,600 2,377 2,533 2,837 2,707 2,385 2,678 2,588 2,754

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,433 1,327 1,268 1,461 1,337 1,364 1,351 1,322 1,287

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,979 21,666 22,088 21,448 21,524 21,437 21,697 21,573 21,549

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 4,169 3,925 3,961 4,549 4,258 3,878 4,295 4,264 4,337

Slack work or business conditions............. 2,541 2,337 2,469 2,779 2,669 2,323 2,634 2,537 2,692

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,428 1,317 1,258 1,453 1,326 1,350 1,337 1,311 1,275

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,616 21,291 21,679 21,083 21,188 21,049 21,322 21,190 21,138

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,952 158,478 159,067 156,582 157,005 157,288 157,878 158,269 158,510

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,045 4,926 5,050 5,258 5,148 5,239 5,184 5,160 5,217

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,940 1,870 1,854 1,954 1,756 1,704 1,835 1,797 1,835

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,105 3,056 3,197 3,305 3,398 3,559 3,360 3,321 3,404

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,908 153,553 154,016 151,324 151,857 152,050 152,694 153,109 153,293

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,865 14,203 14,337 13,897 14,291 14,233 14,057 14,297 14,363

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,042 139,350 139,679 137,504 137,547 137,837 138,508 138,742 138,999

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,289 101,621 101,942 100,892 100,665 100,373 101,042 101,151 101,414

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,802 36,073 36,230 35,693 35,708 35,486 35,937 35,910 36,057

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,017 33,581 33,594 32,857 32,973 33,044 33,149 33,377 33,393

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,469 31,967 32,118 32,343 31,985 31,842 31,956 31,864 31,964

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,753 37,729 37,738 36,612 36,882 37,464 37,467 37,592 37,585

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,052 83,862 83,918 82,894 83,293 83,584 83,600 83,732 83,753

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,415 2,514 2,485 2,506 2,575 2,603 2,561 2,597 2,572

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863 916 868 895 896 855 894 895 899

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,552 1,598 1,617 1,621 1,681 1,762 1,657 1,679 1,684

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,637 81,348 81,433 80,388 80,718 80,981 81,039 81,135 81,181

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,031 7,167 7,157 7,082 7,279 7,228 7,099 7,218 7,215

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,606 74,181 74,276 73,331 73,430 73,761 73,827 73,871 73,966

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,957 54,061 54,139 53,789 53,630 53,688 53,749 53,843 53,941

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,196 19,256 19,353 19,169 19,009 19,088 19,194 19,182 19,305

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,704 18,012 17,954 17,625 17,792 17,790 17,764 17,926 17,877

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,056 16,792 16,832 16,995 16,829 16,810 16,791 16,735 16,759

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,650 20,121 20,137 19,542 19,800 20,073 20,078 20,028 20,026

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,900 74,616 75,149 73,688 73,712 73,705 74,278 74,537 74,757

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,630 2,412 2,565 2,753 2,573 2,636 2,623 2,563 2,645

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,077 954 985 1,059 860 849 941 901 937

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,553 1,458 1,580 1,684 1,718 1,797 1,703 1,641 1,720

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,270 72,204 72,584 70,935 71,139 71,069 71,655 71,974 72,112

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,835 7,036 7,180 6,816 7,012 7,005 6,958 7,079 7,148

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,436 65,168 65,403 64,173 64,117 64,076 64,682 64,871 65,033

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,332 47,561 47,803 47,103 47,035 46,685 47,293 47,308 47,473

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,606 16,817 16,877 16,524 16,698 16,398 16,743 16,728 16,752

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,313 15,568 15,640 15,231 15,181 15,254 15,385 15,451 15,517

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,413 15,175 15,286 15,348 15,156 15,032 15,165 15,129 15,204

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,104 17,608 17,601 17,070 17,082 17,392 17,389 17,563 17,560

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,354 46,256 46,113 46,192 45,681 46,005 46,215 46,009 45,946

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,278 36,477 36,933 36,089 36,013 36,110 36,366 36,432 36,696

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,060 10,006 9,791 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,627 131,704 131,990 129,255 130,148 130,429 130,789 131,094 131,545

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,325 26,774 27,077 27,311 26,807 26,861 26,974 27,095 27,021

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,093 8,331 8,351 7,873 8,156 8,389 8,373 8,357 8,158

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.1

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,057 6,227 6,358 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,747 9,669 9,712 9,671 9,544 9,724 9,681 9,612 9,599

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 6,112 5,769 5,855 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 715 735 729 12.0 12.7 12.8 12.6 12.5 12.3

16 to 17 years.................................. 230 271 299 10.6 14.6 15.5 12.9 13.1 14.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 488 461 435 12.9 11.5 10.9 12.0 12.2 11.3

20 years and over................................ 5,396 5,034 5,126 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,013 963 948 6.8 6.3 6.8 7.0 6.3 6.2

25 years and over.............................. 4,359 4,057 4,153 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9

25 to 54 years............................... 3,276 3,127 3,154 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0

25 to 34 years............................. 1,353 1,326 1,399 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.7

35 to 44 years............................. 1,004 891 901 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6

45 to 54 years............................. 919 910 854 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.6

55 years and over........................... 1,077 925 1,004 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.6

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,252 3,107 3,132 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 363 413 411 12.6 13.5 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8

16 to 17 years.................................. 112 135 150 11.1 14.0 15.3 14.4 13.1 14.3

18 to 19 years.................................. 252 275 257 13.5 12.9 11.8 13.3 14.1 13.2

20 years and over................................ 2,889 2,694 2,721 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 567 561 589 7.4 7.4 7.6 7.9 7.2 7.6

25 years and over.............................. 2,297 2,142 2,114 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8

25 to 54 years............................... 1,767 1,674 1,617 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9

25 to 34 years............................. 743 760 743 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7

35 to 44 years............................. 551 434 435 3.0 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4

45 to 54 years............................. 473 481 439 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.6

55 years and over........................... 530 468 497 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4

Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,860 2,662 2,723 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.5

16 to 19 years..................................... 353 322 319 11.4 12.0 12.1 11.6 11.2 10.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 119 137 149 10.1 15.2 15.7 11.6 13.2 13.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 236 185 178 12.3 10.1 10.1 10.8 10.1 9.4

20 years and over................................ 2,507 2,340 2,405 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 446 402 359 6.1 5.2 5.9 6.2 5.4 4.8

25 years and over.............................. 2,062 1,915 2,039 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.0

25 to 54 years............................... 1,509 1,453 1,537 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1

25 to 34 years............................. 610 566 656 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.8

35 to 44 years............................. 453 457 466 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9

45 to 54 years............................. 446 430 415 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.7

55 years and over........................... 530 475 491 3.0 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.7

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 914 815 818 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7

Married women, spouse present1................. 846 824 845 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3

Women who maintain families2.................... 565 492 558 5.3 5.1 6.0 5.1 4.7 5.4

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 4,853 4,640 4,788 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,245 1,098 1,067 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 3.9 3.8

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2,510 2,227 2,340 2,858 2,736 2,798 2,876 2,572 2,674

On temporary layoff.............................. 507 428 468 793 801 836 817 731 762

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,003 1,799 1,872 2,066 1,935 1,963 2,059 1,841 1,912

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,317 1,269 1,216 1,365 1,358 1,361 1,397 1,308 1,259

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 686 530 656 701 577 602 661 532 653

Job leavers........................................... 746 897 859 731 888 833 781 840 849

Reentrants............................................ 1,951 1,691 1,719 1,914 1,868 1,810 1,801 1,669 1,703

New entrants......................................... 564 650 592 605 541 595 574 677 627

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 43.5 40.7 42.5 46.8 45.3 46.4 47.7 44.7 45.7

On temporary layoff.............................. 8.8 7.8 8.5 13.0 13.3 13.8 13.6 12.7 13.0

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 34.7 32.9 34.0 33.8 32.1 32.5 34.1 32.0 32.7

Job leavers........................................... 12.9 16.4 15.6 12.0 14.7 13.8 12.9 14.6 14.5

Reentrants............................................ 33.8 30.9 31.2 31.3 31.0 30.0 29.9 29.0 29.1

New entrants......................................... 9.8 11.9 10.7 9.9 9.0 9.9 9.5 11.8 10.7

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0

New entrants......................................... 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 1,866 1,820 1,755 2,062 1,961 2,201 2,207 1,868 1,968

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,734 1,588 1,651 1,845 1,830 1,797 1,757 1,781 1,749

15 weeks and over.................................. 2,171 2,057 2,104 2,229 2,182 2,071 2,078 2,132 2,163

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 824 737 856 859 769 905 835 819 899

27 weeks and over............................... 1,347 1,320 1,249 1,370 1,414 1,166 1,243 1,314 1,264

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 23.8 23.0 23.1 22.4 22.2 19.6 22.1 22.0 21.8

Median duration, in weeks......................... 9.9 9.8 9.8 9.4 9.6 8.9 8.9 9.4 9.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 32.3 33.3 31.9 33.6 32.8 36.3 36.5 32.3 33.5

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 30.0 29.1 30.0 30.1 30.6 29.6 29.1 30.8 29.7

15 weeks and over.................................. 37.6 37.6 38.2 36.3 36.5 34.1 34.4 36.9 36.8

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 14.3 13.5 15.5 14.0 12.9 14.9 13.8 14.2 15.3

27 weeks and over............................... 23.3 24.1 22.7 22.3 23.7 19.2 20.6 22.7 21.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2019

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 156,952 159,067 5,771 5,510 3.5 3.3

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 62,929 64,997 1,246 1,161 1.9 1.8

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 26,165 27,517 535 471 2.0 1.7

Professional and related occupations.......................... 36,764 37,480 711 690 1.9 1.8

Service occupations................................................ 26,689 27,132 1,247 1,257 4.5 4.4

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,730 34,055 1,233 1,145 3.5 3.3

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,927 16,050 599 572 3.6 3.4

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,803 18,005 634 573 3.4 3.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 14,588 14,389 546 534 3.6 3.6

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,181 1,123 63 55 5.0 4.7

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 8,558 8,365 400 402 4.5 4.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,849 4,901 83 76 1.7 1.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 19,015 18,494 920 797 4.6 4.1

Production occupations.......................................... 8,904 8,412 414 386 4.4 4.4

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 10,112 10,083 506 411 4.8 3.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2019

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 5,771 5,510 3.5 3.3

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 4,458 4,233 3.5 3.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 14 23 1.7 2.8

Construction.......................................................................... 352 398 3.6 4.0

Manufacturing........................................................................ 504 484 3.2 3.1

Durable goods..................................................................... 260 286 2.5 2.9

Nondurable goods................................................................ 245 198 4.3 3.5

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 794 732 3.9 3.6

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 217 197 3.1 2.6

Information............................................................................ 84 79 3.2 3.3

Financial activities................................................................... 205 198 2.0 2.0

Professional and business services............................................... 691 625 4.0 3.5

Education and health services..................................................... 649 552 2.7 2.2

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 747 747 5.4 5.3

Other services........................................................................ 200 197 3.0 2.9

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 74 62 4.1 3.6

Government workers................................................................... 411 414 1.9 1.9

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 265 209 2.6 2.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2018

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

June

2019

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019

Oct.

2019

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.6

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 3.8 3.5 3.5 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.8

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.3

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 7.0 6.5 6.5 7.5 7.2 7.0 7.2 6.9 7.0

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2019

Oct.

2018

Oct.

2019

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 95,792 95,269 38,960 38,863 56,832 56,406

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,048 4,412 2,298 2,093 2,750 2,318

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 1,491 1,229 823 668 668 561

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 506 341 314 227 192 114

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 984 888 509 441 476 447

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 8,093 8,351 3,958 4,065 4,135 4,286

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.2 5.3 4.8 4.8 5.6 5.7

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,484 4,602 2,490 2,471 1,994 2,131

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,180 2,172 723 801 1,457 1,370

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 284 377 171 207 114 169

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,073 1,149 539 564 534 585

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Change

from:

Sept.2019

-

Oct.2019p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,853 151,607 152,015 152,962 149,852 151,637 151,817 151,945 128

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,001 129,955 129,385 129,941 127,366 129,008 129,175 129,306 131

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,092 21,452 21,332 21,280 20,892 21,104 21,111 21,085 -26

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759 760 754 755 751 746 747 747 0

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 50.3 49.9 49.6 47.2 48.6 48.4 48.5 0.1

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710.9 709.6 704.4 705.3 703.6 697.2 698.3 698.5 0.2

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.7 164.8 164.1 163.7 146.5 161.8 163.5 163.8 0.3

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.5 196.4 195.1 195.1 194.6 192.2 192.7 192.5 -0.2

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 53.4 53.3 53.3 51.9 53.2 53.2 53.1 -0.1

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.4 40.3 39.7 39.6 41.6 39.8 39.8 39.7 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.9 102.7 102.1 102.2 101.1 99.2 99.8 99.6 -0.2

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.7 348.4 345.2 346.5 362.5 343.2 342.1 342.2 0.1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,559 7,758 7,698 7,705 7,379 7,506 7,517 7,527 10

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,669.2 1,707.1 1,687.2 1,691.4 1,641.5 1,666.2 1,664.6 1,665.8 1.2

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827.8 864.1 853.3 857.6 813.7 843.6 843.8 846.7 2.9

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841.4 843.0 833.9 833.8 827.8 822.6 820.8 819.1 -1.7

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,129.8 1,141.8 1,143.1 1,147.3 1,071.8 1,078.2 1,082.5 1,088.5 6.0

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,759.5 4,909.0 4,867.7 4,866.2 4,665.8 4,761.4 4,770.3 4,772.2 1.9

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,086.3 2,134.1 2,108.8 2,111.3 2,054.0 2,067.2 2,072.5 2,074.7 2.2

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,673.2 2,774.9 2,758.9 2,754.9 2,611.8 2,694.2 2,697.8 2,697.5 -0.3

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,774 12,934 12,880 12,820 12,762 12,852 12,847 12,811 -36

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,003 8,098 8,059 8,013 8,006 8,067 8,061 8,020 -41

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410.0 412.0 412.5 414.2 409.2 410.1 411.2 412.6 1.4

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420.5 423.5 420.7 424.2 416.9 417.3 417.6 419.6 2.0

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.9 379.0 377.1 374.1 377.9 378.7 377.7 374.8 -2.9

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,475.3 1,486.9 1,477.7 1,478.9 1,476.1 1,482.1 1,480.0 1,481.3 1.3

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,126.6 1,139.6 1,127.7 1,125.6 1,130.5 1,135.9 1,131.5 1,130.9 -0.6

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,059.1 1,093.8 1,091.4 1,091.3 1,059.9 1,089.0 1,092.3 1,092.7 0.4

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 157.2 164.1 163.8 163.7 157.2 162.6 163.4 163.6 0.2

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.3 86.6 86.1 86.2 85.3 86.5 86.3 86.3 0.0

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369.0 381.4 380.1 378.1 369.6 379.7 380.5 379.4 -1.1

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.5 427.7 427.0 429.5 414.1 426.5 428.2 430.0 1.8

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 34.0 34.4 33.8 33.7 33.7 33.9 33.5 -0.4

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 402.5 405.5 402.9 403.1 403.0 403.8 402.5 403.3 0.8

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,722.3 1,741.6 1,738.8 1,694.4 1,724.9 1,739.1 1,737.4 1,698.3 -39.1

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,003.7 992.3 988.7 943.6 1,005.8 991.4 987.9 946.3 -41.6

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.7 395.9 392.6 391.6 394.4 392.6 392.8 391.6 -1.2

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613.8 620.1 617.4 615.8 612.8 618.3 617.8 614.8 -3.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,771 4,836 4,821 4,807 4,756 4,785 4,786 4,791 5

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,638.6 1,668.5 1,666.0 1,661.7 1,628.6 1,636.7 1,641.1 1,648.9 7.8

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.2 112.1 111.1 110.7 111.9 111.8 111.1 110.6 -0.5

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.0 114.3 112.8 113.6 115.8 113.4 112.5 113.4 0.9

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.5 106.7 105.2 104.4 110.1 107.0 105.5 104.2 -1.3

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367.8 370.7 369.0 369.0 369.2 370.0 369.6 370.2 0.6

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 429.5 421.9 420.5 419.4 428.7 420.2 419.5 418.2 -1.3

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.2 118.2 117.7 115.8 115.5 114.6 114.5 113.7 -0.8

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841.2 859.6 858.5 858.2 842.9 857.8 860.2 861.0 0.8

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730.4 743.9 739.2 734.3 733.1 740.9 739.2 737.3 -1.9

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306.4 319.8 321.1 319.9 299.8 312.2 313.1 313.8 0.7

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,909 108,503 108,053 108,661 106,474 107,904 108,064 108,221 157

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,764 27,750 27,698 27,897 27,715 27,809 27,828 27,854 26

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,886.5 5,961.8 5,946.0 5,965.1 5,877.5 5,941.7 5,948.8 5,959.6 10.8

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,170.8 3,236.8 3,227.2 3,231.9 3,173.8 3,223.9 3,228.9 3,235.4 6.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,164.0 2,173.8 2,166.5 2,173.4 2,152.9 2,168.5 2,167.1 2,165.3 -1.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Change

from:

Sept.2019

-

Oct.2019p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551.7 551.2 552.3 559.8 550.8 549.3 552.8 558.9 6.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,796.5 15,748.6 15,634.2 15,771.4 15,794.4 15,759.5 15,766.2 15,772.3 6.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,035.8 2,070.1 2,070.4 2,066.1 2,031.8 2,057.3 2,061.7 2,061.0 -0.7

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,306.1 1,314.0 1,314.7 1,312.4 1,302.6 1,309.1 1,310.5 1,309.1 -1.4

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159.1 164.5 163.2 161.1 160.3 158.4 161.2 161.6 0.4

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 570.6 591.6 592.5 592.6 568.9 589.9 589.9 590.3 0.4

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 486.2 478.3 476.7 486.8 483.5 484.6 484.4 484.8 0.4

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 482.5 454.8 456.0 472.7 482.8 462.4 463.4 469.7 6.3

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,275.4 1,316.1 1,296.0 1,288.6 1,300.6 1,314.9 1,316.5 1,313.7 -2.8

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,091.7 3,133.1 3,116.3 3,135.7 3,089.5 3,119.8 3,130.9 3,136.2 5.3

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,058.6 1,034.7 1,028.8 1,044.3 1,061.3 1,043.6 1,040.3 1,045.4 5.1

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935.8 966.4 959.0 962.3 934.1 955.6 956.7 960.5 3.8

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,339.5 1,320.7 1,268.3 1,280.1 1,352.3 1,318.0 1,305.4 1,297.7 -7.7

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559.2 558.3 554.6 560.5 561.4 563.6 562.4 561.2 -1.2

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,109.4 3,009.1 3,018.3 3,072.2 3,094.8 3,039.2 3,050.5 3,052.9 2.4

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,149.3 1,086.8 1,086.1 1,124.6 1,146.5 1,108.2 1,113.9 1,119.2 5.3

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,960.1 1,922.3 1,932.2 1,947.6 1,948.3 1,931.0 1,936.6 1,933.6 -3.0

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838.2 835.3 823.9 829.7 826.5 827.2 824.1 822.3 -1.8

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584.2 571.7 565.9 572.4 575.8 573.3 569.9 566.9 -3.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,527.1 5,484.4 5,567.6 5,611.3 5,488.5 5,555.3 5,561.6 5,571.5 9.9

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.4 520.1 517.5 519.7 503.7 517.4 517.7 520.7 3.0

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.6 203.0 199.5 199.5 216.2 202.5 199.6 199.3 -0.3

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 67.3 65.5 64.8 64.9 64.5 64.5 64.4 -0.1

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,518.8 1,537.9 1,528.5 1,529.0 1,502.6 1,516.6 1,512.3 1,513.6 1.3

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505.1 422.0 503.1 508.7 486.9 483.8 489.0 490.1 1.1

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.6 47.8 47.7 47.7 48.7 47.7 47.6 47.6 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 34.5 45.2 40.4 35.4 33.4 34.7 34.5 34.7 0.2

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 720.8 721.5 722.7 728.9 716.7 720.4 723.2 725.0 1.8

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729.6 735.0 747.6 764.5 744.2 773.0 776.1 778.5 2.4

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,184.4 1,184.6 1,195.1 1,213.1 1,171.2 1,194.7 1,197.1 1,197.6 0.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.8 555.0 549.9 549.3 554.5 552.9 551.6 550.2 -1.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,839 2,849 2,822 2,831 2,832 2,822 2,826 2,822 -4

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 734.5 746.9 748.0 747.4 732.9 742.5 744.8 745.5 0.7

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445.7 439.2 424.7 430.0 441.0 424.6 429.2 422.9 -6.3

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.0 266.6 268.3 270.1 269.5 267.7 267.3 268.3 1.0

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741.3 713.9 704.2 702.9 742.6 711.4 706.0 704.7 -1.3

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331.7 338.9 337.2 339.4 331.4 336.8 337.6 338.2 0.6

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.7 343.2 339.8 341.3 315.0 339.1 340.8 342.0 1.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,618 8,761 8,708 8,732 8,611 8,695 8,703 8,719 16

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,328.6 6,387.1 6,363.5 6,379.9 6,328.0 6,362.4 6,369.7 6,375.6 5.9

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.6 19.6 19.4 19.4 19.6 19.5 19.5 19.4 -0.1

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,646.1 2,649.5 2,638.3 2,646.5 2,649.5 2,638.2 2,640.8 2,646.3 5.5

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,709.7 1,718.7 1,709.2 1,709.2 1,715.7 1,712.5 1,714.7 1,714.2 -0.5

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,312.9 1,312.8 1,305.0 1,303.7 1,317.8 1,308.7 1,309.5 1,308.1 -1.4

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 626.0 624.9 624.5 626.7 624.0 619.4 620.5 622.4 1.9

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 310.4 305.9 304.6 310.6 309.8 306.2 305.7 309.7 4.0

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 961.9 985.2 974.4 976.9 961.1 975.8 975.9 976.4 0.5

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,701.0 2,732.8 2,731.4 2,737.1 2,697.8 2,728.9 2,733.5 2,733.5 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,289.8 2,374.3 2,344.4 2,352.5 2,282.7 2,332.1 2,333.7 2,343.3 9.6

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,684.1 1,740.8 1,718.9 1,731.4 1,678.3 1,717.4 1,716.7 1,724.1 7.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Change

from:

Sept.2019

-

Oct.2019p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582.1 609.9 602.5 598.0 580.8 591.6 593.9 596.2 2.3

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.6 23.6 23.0 23.1 23.6 23.1 23.1 23.0 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,397 21,668 21,637 21,812 21,183 21,526 21,563 21,585 22

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,385.2 9,629.6 9,558.9 9,656.4 9,387.8 9,631.8 9,642.9 9,659.4 16.5

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,145.6 1,148.6 1,142.4 1,151.4 1,142.7 1,148.4 1,147.6 1,147.9 0.3

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 974.2 1,003.0 993.4 1,009.6 1,023.3 1,057.2 1,058.3 1,060.1 1.8

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,498.0 1,540.4 1,525.0 1,533.8 1,489.7 1,520.9 1,522.9 1,525.4 2.5

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.8 148.7 150.3 153.2 144.3 149.3 150.5 151.8 1.3

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,158.5 2,241.6 2,217.5 2,245.2 2,146.6 2,229.6 2,228.9 2,233.4 4.5

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,516.6 1,550.0 1,545.8 1,570.4 1,502.2 1,542.4 1,547.3 1,554.5 7.2

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702.3 738.6 733.0 735.3 703.9 732.5 735.4 736.9 1.5

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 490.8 491.1 488.0 492.8 488.9 489.4 489.7 490.9 1.2

Other professional and technical services. . . 753.4 767.6 763.5 764.7 746.1 762.3 762.2 758.5 -3.7

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,388.3 2,438.0 2,426.8 2,425.8 2,391.2 2,426.5 2,430.0 2,428.0 -2.0

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,623.3 9,600.7 9,651.7 9,730.0 9,404.0 9,467.9 9,489.9 9,497.6 7.7

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 9,177.8 9,132.5 9,185.9 9,263.4 8,959.8 9,006.2 9,026.7 9,032.6 5.9

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 520.0 532.8 530.1 534.2 519.2 531.6 531.1 533.4 2.3

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.2 159.0 157.6 158.5 154.9 157.5 156.2 157.2 1.0

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,850.4 3,727.6 3,816.4 3,883.6 3,712.1 3,716.3 3,740.5 3,736.8 -3.7

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,169.9 3,033.8 3,114.6 3,173.0 3,045.0 3,028.4 3,048.5 3,040.4 -8.1

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913.4 876.9 883.7 894.4 899.0 887.2 884.2 880.3 -3.9

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220.0 219.6 216.4 217.1 220.2 216.6 215.5 216.4 0.9

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 954.1 960.1 958.5 964.1 949.1 954.9 951.1 957.4 6.3

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,229.6 2,316.0 2,278.4 2,264.9 2,175.8 2,203.2 2,206.1 2,209.2 3.1

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334.1 340.5 344.8 346.6 329.5 339.0 342.0 341.9 -0.1

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445.5 468.2 465.8 466.6 444.2 461.7 463.2 465.0 1.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,018 24,067 24,343 24,662 23,816 24,363 24,412 24,451 39

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,899.7 3,523.3 3,795.4 4,000.9 3,739.2 3,824.6 3,829.0 3,833.9 4.9

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,118.2 20,543.6 20,548.0 20,660.6 20,076.6 20,538.2 20,583.0 20,617.2 34.2

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,136.6 16,478.2 16,475.0 16,533.7 16,101.3 16,451.2 16,488.8 16,503.4 14.6

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,576.5 7,800.7 7,802.3 7,842.6 7,548.2 7,791.9 7,815.7 7,823.5 7.8

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,642.1 2,693.5 2,694.2 2,706.8 2,631.9 2,692.7 2,699.8 2,699.1 -0.7

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965.2 990.5 983.0 981.7 962.3 986.1 985.3 981.7 -3.6

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 945.1 977.2 976.2 985.4 943.0 975.0 981.2 983.6 2.4

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 944.4 974.9 975.2 982.2 943.8 975.3 978.8 982.2 3.4

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 281.8 292.8 294.2 298.1 281.1 293.5 294.3 297.3 3.0

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,493.3 1,558.5 1,561.8 1,571.4 1,485.2 1,556.0 1,560.9 1,565.1 4.2

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304.6 313.3 317.7 317.0 300.9 313.4 315.4 314.6 -0.8

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,185.3 5,261.6 5,270.0 5,277.8 5,179.3 5,258.6 5,268.5 5,270.6 2.1

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,374.8 3,415.9 3,402.7 3,413.3 3,373.8 3,400.7 3,404.6 3,409.3 4.7

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,608.9 1,615.6 1,610.2 1,609.8 1,607.6 1,608.2 1,609.4 1,608.1 -1.3

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 645.7 656.1 652.9 655.1 646.8 654.2 654.4 655.7 1.3

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952.6 972.6 968.0 976.6 951.9 968.2 969.4 974.0 4.6

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 167.6 171.6 171.6 171.8 167.5 170.1 171.4 171.6 0.2

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,981.6 4,065.4 4,073.0 4,126.9 3,975.3 4,087.0 4,094.2 4,113.8 19.6

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,493.3 2,589.6 2,570.0 2,608.8 2,496.5 2,586.6 2,589.8 2,607.0 17.2

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 176.6 178.1 178.6 178.3 177.5 178.1 178.9 178.6 -0.3

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 331.1 329.6 326.0 329.8 331.6 326.1 327.5 329.8 2.3

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 980.6 968.1 998.4 1,010.0 969.8 996.0 997.9 998.4 0.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,402 17,416 16,909 16,781 16,450 16,738 16,783 16,844 61

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,392.6 2,750.5 2,518.0 2,444.5 2,430.3 2,456.3 2,478.2 2,485.4 7.2

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 538.3 538.7 535.4 521.9 527.2 512.9 521.4 511.6 -9.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Change

from:

Sept.2019

-

Oct.2019p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.9 187.9 177.2 178.0 172.3 175.5 175.7 177.6 1.9

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,681.4 2,023.9 1,805.4 1,744.6 1,730.8 1,767.9 1,781.1 1,796.2 15.1

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,009.7 14,665.2 14,390.9 14,336.0 14,019.4 14,281.9 14,305.0 14,358.2 53.2

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,019.3 2,196.3 2,091.4 2,043.6 2,032.4 2,053.3 2,051.7 2,057.4 5.7

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,990.4 12,468.9 12,299.5 12,292.4 11,987.0 12,228.6 12,253.3 12,300.8 47.5

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,871 5,992 5,936 5,946 5,867 5,951 5,949 5,946 -3

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,338.7 1,370.8 1,368.3 1,372.9 1,337.4 1,367.8 1,368.2 1,370.8 2.6

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,527.5 1,540.1 1,536.1 1,537.7 1,523.0 1,533.6 1,536.4 1,534.4 -2.0

Membership associations and organizations. . . 3,004.5 3,081.2 3,031.2 3,035.6 3,006.2 3,050.0 3,044.1 3,040.9 -3.2

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,852 21,652 22,630 23,021 22,486 22,629 22,642 22,639 -3

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,798.0 2,854.0 2,846.0 2,827.0 2,798.0 2,844.0 2,844.0 2,827.0 -17.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,194.1 2,249.7 2,243.0 2,223.8 2,193.3 2,236.9 2,238.0 2,221.0 -17.0

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604.0 604.7 603.3 603.3 604.9 607.1 606.2 606.0 -0.2

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,350.0 4,925.0 5,248.0 5,349.0 5,197.0 5,191.0 5,186.0 5,189.0 3.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,661.4 2,200.7 2,536.4 2,638.9 2,501.8 2,484.7 2,475.7 2,473.9 -1.8

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,688.5 2,724.1 2,711.6 2,709.7 2,695.2 2,706.4 2,709.9 2,714.7 4.8

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,704.0 13,873.0 14,536.0 14,845.0 14,491.0 14,594.0 14,612.0 14,623.0 11.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,224.8 7,128.8 7,972.7 8,316.3 7,969.5 8,032.3 8,040.0 8,049.7 9.7

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,478.9 6,744.2 6,563.2 6,528.8 6,521.0 6,561.6 6,571.8 6,573.7 1.9

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.5 34.4 34.4 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.3 40.3 40.5 40.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.1 46.3 46.3 46.4

Construction....................................................................... 38.8 39.4 39.8 39.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.8 40.5 40.5 40.3

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.2 41.0 40.9 40.8

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.1 39.7 39.8 39.6

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.3 33.2 33.2 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.4 34.1 34.2 34.2

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.9 38.9 38.9 38.9

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.8 30.6 30.7 30.6

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 39.0 38.3 38.5 38.6

Utilities........................................................................... 42.1 42.3 42.1 42.1

Information......................................................................... 36.2 36.4 36.5 36.4

Financial activities................................................................ 37.8 37.7 37.5 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.2 36.2 36.1 36.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.9 33.0 33.0 33.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.1 25.9 25.8 25.8

Other services..................................................................... 31.9 31.8 31.8 31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.3

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Total private............................................... $27.35 $28.11 $28.12 $28.18 $943.58 $966.98 $967.33 $969.39

Goods-producing....................................... 28.43 29.14 29.21 29.28 1,145.73 1,174.34 1,183.01 1,177.06

Mining and logging.................................. 32.72 34.30 34.58 35.03 1,508.39 1,588.09 1,601.05 1,625.39

Construction.......................................... 30.23 30.84 30.84 30.95 1,172.92 1,215.10 1,227.43 1,216.34

Manufacturing........................................ 27.16 27.83 27.91 27.94 1,108.13 1,127.12 1,130.36 1,125.98

Durable goods.................................... 28.57 29.27 29.38 29.40 1,177.08 1,200.07 1,201.64 1,199.52

Nondurable goods................................ 24.73 25.33 25.37 25.44 991.67 1,005.60 1,009.73 1,007.42

Private service-providing.............................. 27.10 27.87 27.86 27.92 902.43 925.28 924.95 926.94

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 23.58 24.40 24.38 24.42 811.15 832.04 833.80 835.16

Wholesale trade.................................. 30.73 31.72 31.60 31.68 1,195.40 1,233.91 1,229.24 1,232.35

Retail trade........................................ 19.02 19.78 19.83 19.85 585.82 605.27 608.78 607.41

Transportation and warehousing............... 24.42 24.98 24.99 24.99 952.38 956.73 962.12 964.61

Utilities............................................. 40.97 42.02 41.83 41.62 1,724.84 1,777.45 1,761.04 1,752.20

Information........................................... 40.68 42.60 42.08 42.23 1,472.62 1,550.64 1,535.92 1,537.17

Financial activities................................... 34.96 36.20 36.09 36.23 1,321.49 1,364.74 1,353.38 1,362.25

Professional and business services.............. 32.89 33.82 33.88 34.00 1,190.62 1,224.28 1,223.07 1,230.80

Education and health services..................... 27.22 27.64 27.65 27.67 895.54 912.12 912.45 913.11

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.14 16.61 16.67 16.69 421.25 430.20 430.09 430.60

Other services....................................... 24.74 25.07 25.09 25.18 789.21 797.23 797.86 800.72

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2019 -

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2019 -

Oct.

2019p

Total private..................................... 110.3 111.4 111.5 111.6 0.1 144.2 149.7 149.9 150.4 0.3

Goods-producing............................. 95.9 96.9 97.4 96.6 -0.8 123.3 127.6 128.6 127.8 -0.6

Mining and logging........................ 108.8 108.5 108.7 108.9 0.2 142.9 149.5 150.9 153.2 1.5

Construction................................ 98.7 101.9 103.1 102.0 -1.1 129.6 136.6 138.2 137.1 -0.8

Manufacturing.............................. 93.7 93.6 93.6 92.9 -0.7 118.3 121.2 121.5 120.7 -0.7

Durable goods........................... 92.9 93.1 92.8 92.1 -0.8 117.8 121.0 121.1 120.3 -0.7

Nondurable goods...................... 95.2 94.8 95.1 94.7 -0.4 119.5 121.9 122.4 122.2 -0.2

Private service-providing.................... 114.1 115.3 115.4 115.6 0.2 150.2 156.1 156.3 156.8 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 104.0 103.4 103.8 103.9 0.1 132.1 136.0 136.4 136.7 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 100.9 102.0 102.1 102.3 0.2 129.6 135.3 134.9 135.5 0.4

Retail trade.............................. 98.8 97.9 98.3 98.0 -0.3 124.2 128.0 128.8 128.6 -0.2

Transportation and warehousing...... 122.3 121.6 122.4 122.9 0.4 151.6 154.1 155.1 155.8 0.5

Utilities.................................... 101.0 101.2 100.5 100.2 -0.3 136.7 140.5 138.9 137.8 -0.8

Information................................. 93.6 93.8 94.2 93.8 -0.4 135.6 142.3 141.1 141.1 0.0

Financial activities......................... 106.6 107.4 106.9 107.4 0.5 145.4 151.6 150.5 151.7 0.8

Professional and business services..... 120.2 122.2 122.1 122.5 0.3 160.1 167.3 167.4 168.7 0.8

Education and health services........... 127.9 131.3 131.5 131.8 0.2 167.5 174.6 175.0 175.4 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 122.5 123.7 123.5 124.0 0.4 159.5 165.8 166.2 167.0 0.5

Other services............................. 107.9 109.1 109.1 109.0 -0.1 146.3 149.9 150.0 150.5 0.3

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Total nonfarm............................................. 74,480 75,668 75,818 75,891 49.7 49.9 49.9 49.9

Total private............................................ 61,514 62,600 62,744 62,818 48.3 48.5 48.6 48.6

Goods-producing.................................... 4,637 4,724 4,733 4,732 22.2 22.4 22.4 22.4

Mining and logging............................... 94 100 102 101 12.5 13.4 13.7 13.5

Construction....................................... 950 977 976 980 12.9 13.0 13.0 13.0

Manufacturing..................................... 3,593 3,647 3,655 3,651 28.2 28.4 28.5 28.5

Durable goods.................................. 1,907 1,942 1,942 1,936 23.8 24.1 24.1 24.1

Nondurable goods............................. 1,686 1,705 1,713 1,715 35.4 35.6 35.8 35.8

Private service-providing........................... 56,877 57,876 58,011 58,086 53.4 53.6 53.7 53.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,104 11,151 11,166 11,168 40.1 40.1 40.1 40.1

Wholesale trade................................ 1,760.1 1,787.5 1,795.9 1,792.0 29.9 30.1 30.2 30.1

Retail trade..................................... 7,842.5 7,809.2 7,812.7 7,813.0 49.7 49.6 49.6 49.5

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,371.6 1,421.1 1,425.5 1,430.7 25.0 25.6 25.6 25.7

Utilities........................................... 129.3 132.8 132.3 132.2 23.3 24.0 24.0 24.0

Information......................................... 1,117 1,130 1,128 1,127 39.4 40.0 39.9 39.9

Financial activities................................ 4,871 4,903 4,909 4,911 56.6 56.4 56.4 56.3

Professional and business services............ 9,620 9,809 9,849 9,844 45.4 45.6 45.7 45.6

Education and health services.................. 18,375 18,827 18,869 18,911 77.2 77.3 77.3 77.3

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,666 8,878 8,917 8,953 52.7 53.0 53.1 53.2

Other services..................................... 3,124 3,178 3,173 3,172 53.2 53.4 53.3 53.3

Government............................................. 12,966 13,068 13,074 13,073 57.7 57.7 57.7 57.7

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Total private............................................................................... 104,921 106,176 106,277 106,351

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,998 15,104 15,103 15,076

Mining and logging.................................................................. 562 544 541 544

Construction.......................................................................... 5,492 5,592 5,601 5,607

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,944 8,968 8,961 8,925

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,507 5,550 5,537 5,495

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,437 3,418 3,424 3,430

Private service-providing.............................................................. 89,923 91,072 91,174 91,275

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,445 23,524 23,539 23,536

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,716.1 4,768.0 4,770.5 4,769.7

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,487.9 13,448.6 13,461.6 13,464.3

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,795.7 4,863.7 4,864.0 4,861.6

Utilities.............................................................................. 445.2 443.7 442.9 440.7

Information............................................................................ 2,282 2,277 2,276 2,268

Financial activities................................................................... 6,669 6,726 6,729 6,742

Professional and business services............................................... 17,294 17,504 17,528 17,555

Education and health services..................................................... 20,914 21,401 21,441 21,474

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,459 14,717 14,742 14,783

Other services........................................................................ 4,860 4,923 4,919 4,917

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.7 33.6 33.6 33.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.2 41.1 41.2 41.0

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.4 47.4 47.3 48.0

Construction....................................................................... 39.4 39.9 40.2 39.7

Manufacturing..................................................................... 42.1 41.5 41.5 41.4

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.5 41.9 41.9 41.7

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.4 40.9 40.9 40.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.5 32.4 32.3 32.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.9 33.8 33.8 33.8

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 38.7 38.7 38.7

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.4 30.3 30.3 30.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.3 37.9 37.9 38.0

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.7 42.2 42.7

Information......................................................................... 35.5 35.2 35.5 35.2

Financial activities................................................................ 37.1 36.8 36.9 36.9

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.6 35.4 35.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.2 32.1 32.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.8 24.6 24.6 24.6

Other services..................................................................... 30.9 30.8 30.7 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Total private............................................... $22.90 $23.60 $23.66 $23.70 $771.73 $792.96 $794.98 $796.32

Goods-producing....................................... 24.21 24.83 24.89 24.94 997.45 1,020.51 1,025.47 1,022.54

Mining and logging.................................. 28.79 30.25 30.64 31.24 1,335.86 1,433.85 1,449.27 1,499.52

Construction.......................................... 28.05 28.55 28.58 28.62 1,105.17 1,139.15 1,148.92 1,136.21

Manufacturing........................................ 21.69 22.22 22.27 22.28 913.15 922.13 924.21 922.39

Durable goods.................................... 22.63 23.11 23.20 23.21 961.78 968.31 972.08 967.86

Nondurable goods................................ 20.13 20.75 20.73 20.76 833.38 848.68 847.86 849.08

Private service-providing.............................. 22.62 23.35 23.39 23.44 735.15 756.54 755.50 757.11

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 20.10 20.79 20.77 20.79 681.39 702.70 702.03 702.70

Wholesale trade.................................. 25.50 26.34 26.29 26.41 989.40 1,019.36 1,017.42 1,022.07

Retail trade........................................ 16.06 16.71 16.73 16.73 488.22 506.31 506.92 506.92

Transportation and warehousing............... 21.99 22.59 22.56 22.50 842.22 856.16 855.02 855.00

Utilities............................................. 36.98 37.00 36.95 36.81 1,575.35 1,579.90 1,559.29 1,571.79

Information........................................... 32.37 34.01 34.32 34.37 1,149.14 1,197.15 1,218.36 1,209.82

Financial activities................................... 26.94 27.83 27.85 27.93 999.47 1,024.14 1,027.67 1,030.62

Professional and business services.............. 27.00 27.94 28.01 28.14 955.80 994.66 991.55 996.16

Education and health services..................... 23.79 24.38 24.46 24.50 766.04 785.04 785.17 788.90

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.04 14.54 14.62 14.65 348.19 357.68 359.65 360.39

Other services....................................... 20.95 21.27 21.28 21.29 647.36 655.12 653.30 653.60

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2019 -

Oct.

2019p

Oct.

2018

Aug.

2019

Sept.

2019p

Oct.

2019p

Percent

change

from:

Sept.

2019 -

Oct.

2019p

Total private..................................... 117.8 118.9 119.0 119.1 0.1 180.3 187.5 188.1 188.6 0.3

Goods-producing............................. 94.4 94.9 95.1 94.5 -0.6 140.0 144.2 144.9 144.2 -0.5

Mining and logging........................ 138.6 137.0 136.0 138.8 2.1 232.0 241.1 242.3 252.1 4.0

Construction................................ 108.3 111.7 112.7 111.5 -1.1 164.1 172.2 174.0 172.2 -1.0

Manufacturing.............................. 86.4 85.4 85.4 84.8 -0.7 122.6 124.1 124.3 123.6 -0.6

Durable goods........................... 87.9 87.4 87.2 86.1 -1.3 124.2 126.0 126.2 124.7 -1.2

Nondurable goods...................... 83.8 82.4 82.5 82.7 0.2 119.3 120.8 120.9 121.3 0.3

Private service-providing.................... 124.5 125.7 125.4 125.6 0.2 193.1 201.2 201.2 201.8 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 111.0 111.0 111.1 111.1 0.0 159.3 164.8 164.7 164.9 0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 108.6 109.5 109.6 109.6 0.0 163.5 170.3 170.0 170.8 0.5

Retail trade.............................. 103.8 103.1 103.2 103.2 0.0 142.8 147.7 148.0 148.0 0.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 138.2 138.6 138.7 139.0 0.2 192.7 198.6 198.4 198.3 -0.1

Utilities.................................... 97.0 96.9 95.6 96.2 0.6 149.7 149.6 147.4 147.9 0.3

Information................................. 92.5 91.5 92.2 91.1 -1.2 148.2 154.0 156.7 155.0 -1.1

Financial activities......................... 116.5 116.5 116.9 117.1 0.2 193.0 199.5 200.3 201.2 0.4

Professional and business services..... 136.9 139.3 138.7 138.9 0.1 219.8 231.5 231.1 232.5 0.6

Education and health services........... 143.6 146.9 146.7 147.4 0.5 225.5 236.4 236.9 238.4 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 131.3 132.6 132.8 133.2 0.3 209.4 219.0 220.6 221.6 0.5

Other services............................. 105.3 106.3 105.9 105.9 0.0 160.8 164.8 164.2 164.2 0.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.