National Compensation Survey: 

Health and Retirement Plan Provisions in Private Industry 

in the United States, 2017

U.S. Department of Labor 

R. Alexander Acosta, Secretary

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 

William J. Wiatrowski, Acting Commissioner 

May 2018 

Bulletin 2788 

Contents 

Overview 

Health tables 

Retirement tables 

Appendix table 1: Survey establishment response 

Appendix table 2: Number of workers represented 

Technical note 
Overview

The National Compensation Survey (NCS) provides comprehensive measures of compensation cost trends

and the coverage, costs, and provisions of employer-sponsored benefits in the United States. This bulletin 

presents 2017 estimates of the detailed benefit provisions of employer-sponsored health and retirement 

plans in private industry by various worker and establishment characteristics.

These estimates are also accessible from the National Compensation Survey – Benefits database, 

available at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/data.htm. The database contains additional estimates of detailed 

benefit provisions in private industry in 2017 not included as part of this bulletin: 

 Health benefits detailed provisions

o Fee-for-service plans: annual individual and family deductibles, coinsurance

percentages, annual individual and family out-of-pocket maximums, and other

selected features;

o Health maintenance organizations: annual individual and family out-of-pocket

maximums, and other selected features;

o High deductible health plans: with tax favored accounts (health savings account,

health reimbursement arrangement, or flexible spending account), and annual

individual deductible;

o Non-high deductible health plans: with tax favored accounts (health reimbursement

arrangement or flexible spending account), and annual individual deductible; and

o Outpatient prescription drug benefits: types of coverage, generic drug limits, and

brand-name drug limits.

 Retirement benefits detailed provisions

o Defined benefit plans: plan sponsor, vesting requirements, and integration with Social

Security;

o Traditional defined benefit plans: normal retirement age and service requirements,

early retirement service requirements and reductions, terminal earnings period

definitions, maximum credited service, lump-sum benefits, and postretirement survivor

benefits;

o Defined contribution plans: plan sponsor;

o Savings and thrift plans: eligibility requirements, employee and employer contribution

features, investment choices for employee and employer funds;
o Deferred profit-sharing plans: employee and employer contribution features, and 

benefits distribution methods; and

o Money purchase pension plans: employee and employer contribution features, and 

benefits distribution methods.

Estimates for prior years and other benefits publications are available from the benefits homepage at 

www.bls.gov/ebs. 

U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) staff designed the survey, collected and reviewed the survey data, 

and prepared survey estimates for publication. The survey could not have been conducted without the 

cooperation of the many private businesses that provided benefits data. BLS thanks these respondents 

for their cooperation.

For more information on benefits estimates, contact NCS staff by phone at (202) 691–6199 or by email. 

Information is made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request (Voice phone: (202) 691–

5200; Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 877–8339). Data requests also may be sent to U.S. Bureau of Labor 

Statistics, Division of Compensation Data Analysis and Planning, 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE, Room 

4160, Washington, DC 20212. 

Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced 

without permission.
Table 1. Medical care benefits: Plan type, private industry workers, 2017

(All workers participating in medical care plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fee-for-service plan

Total Traditional

Exclusive

provider

organization1

Preferred

provider

organization2

Point of

service plan3

Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 82 2 7 68 4 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 78 – 9 61 6 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 80 – 9 68 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 76 – 9 57 9 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 86 – 7 74 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 91 – 5 85 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 84 – 8 70 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – 67 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 88 – 7 79 – –

Production ............................................................ 89 – 11 75 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 87 – 3 83 – –

Full time ................................................................... 82 2 8 68 4 –

Part time .................................................................. 85 – – 64 – –

Union ....................................................................... 85 1 5 75 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 81 2 8 67 4 –

Average wage within the following categories4:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 82 2 7 69 4 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 84 1 9 70 4 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 79 – 7 65 4 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 79 – 9 64 4 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 87 – 7 75 – –

Construction ......................................................... 85 – – 72 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 87 – 8 77 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 80 – 7 65 5 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 88 – 3 83 – –

Retail trade ...................................................... 92 – – 86 – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 89 – – 87 – –

Information ........................................................... 92 3 – 83 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 86 – 7 76 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 91 – 7 81 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 91 – – 83 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 89 – – 76 – –

Education and health services ............................. 69 – 8 41 16 –

Educational services ........................................ 67 – – 50 5 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 69 – – 55 8 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Medical care benefits: Plan type, private industry workers,

2017—continued

(All workers participating in medical care plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health maintenance organization

Total Traditional Open

access

Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 18 13 5 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 22 16 6 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 20 15 5 –

Professional and related ...................................... 24 17 7 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 14 11 3 –

Sales and related ................................................. 9 7 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 16 13 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 12 8 4 –

Production ............................................................ 11 8 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 13 9 – –

Full time ................................................................... 18 13 5 –

Part time .................................................................. 15 – – –

Union ....................................................................... 15 9 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 19 13 5 –

Average wage within the following categories4:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 18 12 6 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 16 12 4 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 21 15 6 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 21 16 5 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 13 10 3 –

Construction ......................................................... 15 – – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 13 10 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 20 14 6 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 12 8 – –

Retail trade ...................................................... 8 – – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 11 9 – –

Information ........................................................... 8 7 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 14 11 3 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 9 8 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 9 8 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 11 8 – –

Education and health services ............................. 31 22 – –

Educational services ........................................ 33 23 10 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 31 22 9 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Medical care benefits: Plan type, private industry workers, 2017—continued

(All workers participating in medical care plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fee-for-service plan

Total Traditional

Exclusive

provider

organization1

Preferred

provider

organization2

Point of

service plan3

Not

determinable

100 workers or more ................................................ 83 – 6 69 6 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 83 – 5 74 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 84 – 7 63 11 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 77 – 14 53 8 –

New England ....................................................... 70 – 19 45 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 80 – 13 56 10 –

South ....................................................................... 85 – 7 71 4 –

West South Central .............................................. 89 – – 73 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 90 – 5 80 4 –

East North Central ............................................... 89 – 4 79 – –

West ......................................................................... 74 2 5 63 3 –

Mountain .............................................................. – – – 73 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 67 – 4 59 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Medical care benefits: Plan type, private industry workers,

2017—continued

(All workers participating in medical care plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health maintenance organization

Total Traditional Open

access

Not

determinable

100 workers or more ................................................ 17 11 5 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 17 12 6 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 16 11 5 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 23 14 8 –

New England ....................................................... 30 21 9 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 20 12 8 –

South ....................................................................... 15 8 7 –

West South Central .............................................. 11 7 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 10 7 – –

East North Central ............................................... 11 8 – –

West ......................................................................... 26 24 – –

Mountain .............................................................. – – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 33 30 – –

1 This type of plan obligates employees to use only the plan’s providers in order to receive coverage. 2 This type of plan provides coverage through a network of participating health care providers. Enrollees may receive

services outside the network, but generally at a higher cost. The additional costs may be in the form of higher deductibles,

higher coinsurance rates, or both, or in the form of nondiscounted charges from providers. 3 This type of plan provides services through a network of participating health care providers. Services received within

the network or through select medical facilities generally provide more generous benefits than services received outside the

network. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation -

March 2017."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that

data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 1. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Plan type, private industry workers, 2017

Characteristics

Fee-for-service plan

Total Traditional

Exclusive

provider

organization1

Preferred

provider

organization2

Point of

service plan3

Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.4 0.6 0.8 1.4 0.6 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 2.1 – 1.5 2.7 0.8 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 2.6 – 1.9 3.2 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 2.6 – 1.9 3.3 1.3 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 1.4 – 1.1 1.5 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 1.5 – 1.3 1.9 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 2.0 – 1.6 2.0 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – 5.5 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 1.7 – 1.1 2.2 – –

Production ............................................................ 2.0 – 1.9 2.8 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 2.6 – 0.8 2.8 – –

Full time ................................................................... 1.4 0.3 0.8 1.4 0.7 –

Part time .................................................................. 4.4 – – 6.8 – –

Union ....................................................................... 2.6 0.3 1.2 2.8 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.5 0.7 0.8 1.5 0.8 –

Average wage within the following categories4:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 2.3 0.6 0.8 2.3 0.9 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 1.7 0.3 1.3 2.2 0.7 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 1.8 – 1.3 2.1 0.7 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 1.9 – 2.0 3.0 0.7 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 2.5 – 1.2 2.7 – –

Construction ......................................................... 4.2 – – 4.2 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 2.4 – 1.4 2.9 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 1.7 – 0.9 1.6 0.8 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 1.2 – 0.8 1.5 – –

Retail trade ...................................................... 1.4 – – 2.0 – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 2.9 – – 2.9 – –

Information ........................................................... 2.1 0.8 – 2.2 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 2.2 – 1.4 2.3 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 1.0 – 1.4 1.5 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 1.7 – – 2.4 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 2.2 – – 4.2 – –

Education and health services ............................. 5.2 – 2.3 4.4 2.7 –

Educational services ........................................ 5.0 – – 5.6 1.6 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 4.7 – – 5.0 2.2 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Plan type, private industry

workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics

Health maintenance organization

Total Traditional Open

access

Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.4 1.0 0.8 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 2.1 1.5 1.2 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 2.6 2.2 1.3 –

Professional and related ...................................... 2.6 1.7 1.5 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 1.4 1.3 0.8 –

Sales and related ................................................. 1.5 1.3 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 2.0 1.7 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 1.7 1.6 0.9 –

Production ............................................................ 2.0 2.0 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 2.6 2.3 – –

Full time ................................................................... 1.4 1.0 0.8 –

Part time .................................................................. 4.4 – – –

Union ....................................................................... 2.6 2.1 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.5 1.1 0.9 –

Average wage within the following categories4:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 2.3 1.5 1.8 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 1.7 1.3 0.8 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 1.8 1.3 1.1 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 1.9 1.4 1.3 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 2.5 2.3 0.5 –

Construction ......................................................... 4.2 – – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 2.4 2.2 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 1.7 1.1 1.0 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 1.2 1.0 – –

Retail trade ...................................................... 1.4 – – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 2.9 2.6 – –

Information ........................................................... 2.1 1.8 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 2.2 2.0 1.0 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 1.0 1.0 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 1.7 1.5 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 2.2 2.0 – –

Education and health services ............................. 5.2 3.6 – –

Educational services ........................................ 5.0 4.6 1.9 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 4.7 4.2 2.5 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Plan type, private industry workers,

2017—continued

Characteristics

Fee-for-service plan

Total Traditional

Exclusive

provider

organization1

Preferred

provider

organization2

Point of

service plan3

Not

determinable

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.7 – 0.8 1.8 0.9 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 2.6 – 1.0 2.5 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 1.9 – 1.1 2.8 1.9 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 3.1 – 3.0 2.7 2.3 –

New England ....................................................... 4.7 – 5.3 4.6 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 3.9 – 3.0 2.9 2.8 –

South ....................................................................... 2.6 – 1.1 2.7 1.1 –

West South Central .............................................. 1.5 – – 4.6 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 2.6 – 0.6 2.4 1.1 –

East North Central ............................................... 3.3 – 0.7 3.0 – –

West ......................................................................... 3.4 0.6 1.2 3.2 0.7 –

Mountain .............................................................. – – – 3.4 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 4.6 – 1.1 4.4 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Plan type, private industry

workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics

Health maintenance organization

Total Traditional Open

access

Not

determinable

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.7 1.3 1.0 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 2.6 2.1 1.6 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 1.9 1.4 1.3 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 3.1 2.8 1.3 –

New England ....................................................... 4.7 4.1 2.2 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 3.9 3.3 1.5 –

South ....................................................................... 2.6 1.0 2.0 –

West South Central .............................................. 1.5 0.9 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 2.6 1.6 – –

East North Central ............................................... 3.3 2.1 – –

West ......................................................................... 3.4 3.0 – –

Mountain .............................................................. – – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 4.6 4.1 – –

1 This type of plan obligates employees to use only the plan’s providers in order to receive coverage. 2 This type of plan provides coverage through a network of participating health care providers. Enrollees may receive

services outside the network, but generally at a higher cost. The additional costs may be in the form of higher deductibles,

higher coinsurance rates, or both, or in the form of nondiscounted charges from providers. 3 This type of plan provides services through a network of participating health care providers. Services received within

the network or through select medical facilities generally provide more generous benefits than services received outside the

network. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation -

March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Medical care benefits: Selected plan characteristics, private industry workers, 2017

(All workers participating in medical care plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Plan network Allow nonemergency services outside

network Use a primary care physician

Yes No Not

determinable Yes No Notdeterminable Yes No Notdeterminable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 98 2 – 77 23 – 22 77 1

Management, professional, and related .................. 98 – – 73 27 – 25 74 1

Management, business, and financial ................. 98 – – 74 26 – 26 72 2

Professional and related ...................................... 98 – – 72 28 – 24 75 1 ( )

Service:

Protective service ............................................... 93 – – 81 – – – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 98 – – 80 20 – 17 82 1

Sales and related ................................................. 100 – – 88 12 – 13 85 2

Office and administrative support ........................ 97 – – 76 24 – 18 81 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 98 – – 76 24 – 26 73 1 ( )

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 99 – – 84 16 – 18 81 1

Production ............................................................ 99 – – 80 20 – 21 77 1

Transportation and material moving .................... 99 – – 87 13 – 15 84 1

Full time ................................................................... 98 2 – 78 22 – 22 77 1

Part time .................................................................. 91 – – 75 25 – 19 80 1 ( )

Union ....................................................................... 99 1 – 84 16 – 21 79 1 ( )

Nonunion ................................................................. 98 2 – 76 24 – 22 77 1

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 98 2 – 79 21 – 23 76 1

Third 25 percent ................................................... 99 1 – 78 22 – 20 78 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 98 – – 75 25 – 23 75 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 97 – – 73 27 – 25 74 1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 97 – – 79 21 – 20 79 1

Construction ......................................................... 96 – – 77 23 – 20 80 1 ( )

Manufacturing ...................................................... 98 – – 80 20 – 21 77 2

Service-providing industries ..................................... 98 – – 77 23 – 23 76 1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 99 – – 87 13 – 13 85 2

Retail trade ...................................................... 99 – – 89 11 – 11 89 1

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 100 – – 89 11 – 14 86 –

Information ........................................................... 97 3 – 85 15 – 13 86 1

Financial activities ................................................ 99 – – 81 19 – 18 79 3

Finance and insurance .................................... 99 – – 84 16 – 15 82 3

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 99 – – 85 15 – 11 87 2

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 99 – – 81 19 – 16 82 2

Education and health services ............................. 97 – – 66 34 – 30 70 1 ( )

Educational services ........................................ 97 – – 66 34 – 31 69 1 ( )

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 99 – – 72 28 – 31 69 1 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Medical care benefits: Selected plan characteristics, private industry workers, 2017—continued

(All workers participating in medical care plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Plan network Allow nonemergency services outside

network Use a primary care physician

Yes No Not

determinable Yes No Notdeterminable Yes No Notdeterminable

100 workers or more ................................................ 98 – – 80 20 – 20 78 1

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 99 – – 82 18 – 21 78 2

500 workers or more ............................................ 96 – – 78 22 – 20 79 1

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 99 – – 70 30 – 27 72 1

New England ....................................................... 98 – – 58 42 – 33 64 2

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 99 – – 74 26 – 25 75 1 ( )

South ....................................................................... 96 – – 82 18 – 18 82 1 ( )

West South Central .............................................. 91 – – 79 21 – 13 87 1 ( )

Midwest .................................................................... 99 – – 87 13 – 12 86 2

East North Central ............................................... 99 – – 87 13 – 11 86 3

West ......................................................................... 98 2 – 68 32 – 34 65 1

Mountain .............................................................. 96 – – 78 22 – 21 77 2

Pacific .................................................................. 99 – – 64 36 – 39 61 1

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Selected plan characteristics, private industry workers, 2017

Characteristics

Plan network Allow nonemergency services outside

network Use a primary care physician

Yes No Not

determinable Yes No Notdeterminable Yes No Notdeterminable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 0.6 0.6 – 1.4 1.4 – 1.2 1.2 0.2

Management, professional, and related .................. 0.6 – – 2.3 2.3 – 2.0 2.1 0.2

Management, business, and financial ................. 0.6 – – 2.8 2.8 – 2.3 2.4 0.4

Professional and related ...................................... 0.9 – – 2.7 2.7 – 2.4 2.4 0.2

Service:

Protective service ............................................... 5.4 – – 9.4 – – – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 0.8 – – 1.4 1.4 – 1.4 1.4 0.3

Sales and related ................................................. 0.2 – – 1.8 1.8 – 2.3 2.0 1.0

Office and administrative support ........................ 1.1 – – 1.8 1.8 – 1.9 1.9 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 1.2 – – 4.9 4.9 – 5.7 5.7 0.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 0.4 – – 2.2 2.2 – 2.2 2.3 0.4

Production ............................................................ 0.4 – – 2.9 2.9 – 2.8 2.9 0.6

Transportation and material moving .................... 0.5 – – 2.5 2.5 – 2.5 2.6 0.6

Full time ................................................................... 0.3 0.3 – 1.3 1.3 – 1.3 1.3 0.2

Part time .................................................................. 7.1 – – 7.0 7.0 – 5.0 5.0 0.2

Union ....................................................................... 0.3 0.3 – 2.7 2.7 – 2.7 2.6 0.3

Nonunion ................................................................. 0.7 0.7 – 1.5 1.5 – 1.3 1.3 0.2

Average wage within the following categories1:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 0.6 0.6 – 1.8 1.8 – 2.2 2.3 0.3

Third 25 percent ................................................... 0.3 0.3 – 1.9 1.9 – 1.9 1.9 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 0.7 – – 1.8 1.8 – 1.5 1.5 0.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 1.6 – – 2.6 2.6 – 1.7 1.7 0.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 1.2 – – 2.7 2.7 – 2.2 2.2 0.4

Construction ......................................................... 1.1 – – 3.9 3.9 – 4.4 4.4 0.1

Manufacturing ...................................................... 0.9 – – 2.8 2.8 – 2.5 2.5 0.6

Service-providing industries ..................................... 0.7 – – 1.5 1.5 – 1.4 1.5 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 0.5 – – 1.2 1.2 – 1.4 1.4 0.8

Retail trade ...................................................... 0.6 – – 1.9 1.9 – 1.9 1.9 0.4

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 0.3 – – 2.7 2.7 – 2.8 2.8 –

Information ........................................................... 0.8 0.8 – 2.1 2.1 – 2.9 3.5 0.9

Financial activities ................................................ 0.4 – – 2.4 2.4 – 1.7 2.0 1.0

Finance and insurance .................................... 0.5 – – 1.6 1.6 – 0.8 1.5 1.2

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 0.6 – – 2.3 2.3 – 2.1 2.1 0.9

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 0.6 – – 3.9 3.9 – 2.7 3.6 1.6

Education and health services ............................. 2.3 – – 4.9 4.9 – 4.7 4.7 0.1

Educational services ........................................ 2.1 – – 5.6 5.6 – 5.0 5.0 0.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 0.7 – – 4.7 4.7 – 4.1 4.2 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Selected plan characteristics, private industry workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics

Plan network Allow nonemergency services outside

network Use a primary care physician

Yes No Not

determinable Yes No Notdeterminable Yes No Notdeterminable

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.0 – – 1.5 1.5 – 1.9 1.9 0.3

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 0.5 – – 2.1 2.1 – 2.7 2.7 0.4

500 workers or more ............................................ 2.0 – – 2.5 2.5 – 2.4 2.4 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 0.5 – – 4.4 4.4 – 2.8 3.0 0.5

New England ....................................................... 1.2 – – 5.9 5.9 – 3.3 4.0 1.6

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 0.5 – – 3.7 3.7 – 3.5 3.7 0.4

South ....................................................................... 1.6 – – 2.1 2.1 – 1.8 1.8 0.2

West South Central .............................................. 4.6 – – 4.9 4.9 – 2.7 2.7 2 ( )

Midwest .................................................................... 0.4 – – 1.7 1.7 – 2.0 2.1 0.7

East North Central ............................................... 0.5 – – 2.3 2.3 – 2.3 2.2 0.4

West ......................................................................... 0.6 0.6 – 3.0 3.0 – 3.2 3.1 0.4

Mountain .............................................................. 1.7 – – 3.3 3.3 – 3.7 3.6 1.1

Pacific .................................................................. 0.5 – – 4.1 4.1 – 4.1 4.1 0.3

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017." 2 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Medical care benefits: Amount of annual individual deductible, private industry workers, 2017

(All workers participating in medical care plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics With

deductible

Amount of annual deductible

With no

deductible

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 86 $300 $500 $1,500 $2,500 $3,000 14 1

Management, professional, and related .................. 86 300 500 1,500 2,000 3,000 14 1 ( )

Management, business, and financial ................. 86 350 500 1,500 2,000 3,000 14 1 ( )

Professional and related ...................................... 87 300 500 1,300 2,000 3,000 13 –

Service:

Protective service ............................................... 88 250 250 – – 5,000 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 90 – 500 1,500 2,600 3,000 9 1

Sales and related ................................................. 93 300 1,000 1,750 2,750 3,000 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 89 – 500 1,500 2,500 3,200 10 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 90 250 – – 2,500 5,000 7 3

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 84 300 500 1,500 2,500 3,500 16 1 ( )

Production ............................................................ 89 300 – 1,500 2,500 3,500 11 1 ( )

Transportation and material moving .................... 78 350 500 1,500 2,500 4,000 22 1 ( )

Full time ................................................................... 87 300 500 1,500 2,500 3,000 13 1

Part time .................................................................. 77 300 – 1,500 2,500 2,750 – –

Union ....................................................................... 78 200 300 500 1,500 2,500 21 1 ( )

Nonunion ................................................................. 87 350 500 1,500 2,500 3,200 12 1

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 88 350 – 1,500 2,500 3,500 11 1

Third 25 percent ................................................... 88 300 500 1,300 2,350 3,200 12 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 86 – 500 1,300 2,000 3,000 14 1 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 88 250 500 1,300 2,000 3,000 12 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 90 300 500 1,300 2,350 3,000 9 1

Construction ......................................................... 86 250 500 – 2,500 5,000 10 4

Manufacturing ...................................................... 91 300 500 1,300 2,350 3,000 9 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 85 300 500 1,500 2,500 3,000 15 1 ( )

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 85 300 – 1,500 2,750 3,000 14 1

Retail trade ...................................................... 91 – – 1,750 2,750 3,000 6 3

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 68 300 400 1,300 2,600 4,000 32 –

Information ........................................................... 94 300 500 1,250 1,500 2,500 4 2

Financial activities ................................................ 93 350 – 1,500 2,500 3,000 7 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 94 500 1,000 1,500 2,500 3,000 6 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 95 500 1,000 1,600 2,500 3,000 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 93 500 1,000 1,500 2,500 3,000 7 –

Education and health services ............................. 78 300 500 1,300 2,500 – 22 1 ( )

Educational services ........................................ 80 200 – – 1,000 – 20 1 ( )

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 79 200 300 500 – 2,500 21 1 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Medical care benefits: Amount of annual individual deductible, private industry workers, 2017—continued

(All workers participating in medical care plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics With

deductible

Amount of annual deductible

With no

deductible

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

100 workers or more ................................................ 85 $250 $500 $1,250 $2,000 $3,000 15 1 ( )

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 87 250 500 1,500 2,600 3,500 13 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 83 250 450 1,000 1,500 2,500 17 1 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 86 250 500 1,000 2,000 2,750 14 1 ( )

New England ....................................................... 78 250 500 – – – 22 1 ( )

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 88 250 500 1,100 2,000 2,500 11 1 ( )

South ....................................................................... 87 350 500 1,500 2,750 5,000 12 1

West South Central .............................................. 86 350 – 1,500 3,000 5,000 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 91 300 500 1,500 2,500 3,000 9 1

East North Central ............................................... 90 300 – 1,500 2,500 3,000 – –

West ......................................................................... 80 250 500 1,200 2,000 2,500 20 1 ( )

Mountain .............................................................. 91 500 750 1,500 2,000 2,850 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 75 250 500 1,000 2,000 2,500 24 1

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Amount of annual individual deductible, private industry workers, 2017

Characteristics With

deductible

Amount of annual deductible

With no

deductible

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.2 $0 $0 $109 $0 $278 1.2 0.2

Management, professional, and related .................. 1.4 66 0 124 65 0 1.3 0.1

Management, business, and financial ................. 2.1 28 69 0 120 0 2.1 0.2

Professional and related ...................................... 1.5 66 0 144 313 223 1.5 –

Service:

Protective service ............................................... 6.6 0 0 – – 239 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 1.2 – 19 0 157 310 1.1 0.5

Sales and related ................................................. 2.3 72 0 129 0 0 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 1.4 – 0 203 67 457 1.3 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 3.0 47 – – 658 387 1.9 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 2.5 42 128 91 0 801 2.5 0.2

Production ............................................................ 2.3 18 – 183 0 632 2.3 0.3

Transportation and material moving .................... 4.1 51 125 180 228 889 4.2 0.2

Full time ................................................................... 1.1 11 0 107 0 501 1.1 0.2

Part time .................................................................. 7.0 0 – 366 264 0 – –

Union ....................................................................... 3.8 44 0 20 257 114 3.8 1 ( )

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.2 18 32 0 0 456 1.2 0.2

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 1.4 56 – 0 164 680 1.4 0.4

Third 25 percent ................................................... 1.6 13 0 169 284 792 1.5 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 1.2 – 0 58 91 245 1.2 0.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 1.3 69 0 107 116 144 1.3 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 1.9 17 0 346 341 707 1.7 0.5

Construction ......................................................... 3.1 63 129 – 168 204 2.9 1.7

Manufacturing ...................................................... 2.0 38 0 256 471 0 2.0 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 1.4 27 0 18 0 293 1.5 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 1.9 22 – 79 18 599 1.9 0.6

Retail trade ...................................................... 2.2 – – 84 0 0 1.6 1.3

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 5.1 63 86 246 410 795 5.1 –

Information ........................................................... 2.0 77 145 322 0 0 1.2 1.8

Financial activities ................................................ 1.2 71 – 0 86 0 1.2 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 1.1 66 0 0 98 0 1.1 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 1.8 56 101 188 0 0 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 1.2 135 156 0 154 0 1.2 –

Education and health services ............................. 3.6 81 34 263 74 – 3.6 1 ( )

Educational services ........................................ 2.7 50 – – 203 – 2.7 1 ( )

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 3.2 22 67 131 – 637 3.1 1 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Amount of annual individual deductible, private industry workers,

2017—continued

Characteristics With

deductible

Amount of annual deductible

With no

deductible

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.5 $50 $106 $181 $116 $0 1.5 1 ( )

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 2.0 44 117 231 197 972 2.0 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 2.6 70 91 159 248 0 2.6 1 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 2.0 16 23 193 76 130 2.0 0.1

New England ....................................................... 3.8 52 88 – – – 3.8 1 ( )

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 1.8 19 31 159 183 180 1.7 0.1

South ....................................................................... 2.1 55 31 0 161 953 2.0 0.4

West South Central .............................................. 4.8 57 – 73 342 724 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 2.3 57 124 0 18 538 2.2 0.6

East North Central ............................................... 3.1 52 – 0 100 833 – –

West ......................................................................... 2.9 67 0 266 157 177 3.1 0.3

Mountain .............................................................. 3.9 116 182 254 0 291 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 3.8 29 80 193 443 32 4.1 0.4

1 Less than 0.05. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 4. Medical care benefits: Amount of annual family deductible, private industry workers, 2017

(All workers participating in medical care plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics With

deductible

Amount of annual deductible

With no

deductible

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 85 $700 $1,200 $3,000 $5,000 $6,400 15 1

Management, professional, and related .................. 86 750 1,200 3,000 4,500 6,000 14 1 ( )

Management, business, and financial ................. 85 800 1,300 3,000 4,500 6,000 15 1 ( )

Professional and related ...................................... 86 700 1,000 2,600 4,500 6,000 14 –

Service:

Protective service ............................................... 88 500 500 – – 10,000 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 88 900 1,500 3,000 5,000 6,000 11 1

Sales and related ................................................. 92 900 2,000 3,750 5,500 6,000 8 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 87 900 – 3,000 5,000 6,000 12 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 89 500 900 – 5,000 10,000 8 3

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 82 700 1,250 3,000 5,000 7,500 17 1 ( )

Production ............................................................ 88 600 – 3,000 5,000 7,000 12 1 ( )

Transportation and material moving .................... 77 750 1,250 3,000 5,000 8,000 23 1 ( )

Full time ................................................................... 85 700 1,200 3,000 5,000 6,600 14 1

Part time .................................................................. 76 700 – 3,000 5,000 5,500 – –

Union ....................................................................... 78 400 600 1,200 3,000 5,200 22 1 ( )

Nonunion ................................................................. 86 750 1,500 3,000 5,000 6,850 14 1

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 87 – 1,500 3,000 5,200 7,500 12 1

Third 25 percent ................................................... 87 600 1,100 3,000 5,000 7,000 13 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 85 600 1,000 2,600 4,000 6,000 14 1 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 88 600 1,000 3,000 4,000 6,000 12 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 88 600 1,000 2,800 5,000 7,000 11 1

Construction ......................................................... 84 600 1,000 2,000 5,000 10,000 12 4

Manufacturing ...................................................... 89 600 1,000 3,000 4,700 6,000 11 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 84 700 1,200 3,000 5,000 6,000 16 1 ( )

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 82 700 1,500 3,500 5,500 7,000 16 1

Retail trade ...................................................... 90 900 2,000 4,000 5,500 6,000 7 3

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 66 600 1,200 2,600 5,500 8,000 34 –

Information ........................................................... 94 – 1,050 3,000 3,750 5,000 4 2

Financial activities ................................................ 93 – 2,000 3,000 5,000 5,800 7 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 94 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,600 5,800 6 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 94 1,000 2,300 3,300 4,500 5,700 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 93 1,100 2,000 3,000 5,000 5,800 7 –

Education and health services ............................. 77 700 – 2,600 5,000 – 23 1 ( )

Educational services ........................................ 79 500 750 1,500 2,600 4,500 21 1 ( )

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 78 500 700 1,500 2,700 4,500 21 1 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Medical care benefits: Amount of annual family deductible, private industry workers, 2017—continued

(All workers participating in medical care plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics With

deductible

Amount of annual deductible

With no

deductible

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

100 workers or more ................................................ 84 $600 $1,000 $2,600 $4,500 $6,000 15 1 ( )

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 86 700 1,000 3,000 5,200 – 14 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 82 600 1,000 2,500 3,800 5,000 18 1 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 85 600 1,000 2,500 4,000 5,500 15 1 ( )

New England ....................................................... 76 700 1,000 – 4,500 – 24 1 ( )

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 88 – 1,000 2,500 4,000 5,000 12 1 ( )

South ....................................................................... 86 750 1,500 3,000 5,600 10,000 13 1

West South Central .............................................. 85 900 1,500 3,800 6,000 10,000 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 90 700 1,300 3,000 5,000 6,750 9 1

East North Central ............................................... 89 700 – 3,000 5,000 6,800 – –

West ......................................................................... 79 600 – 2,600 4,000 5,250 20 1 ( )

Mountain .............................................................. 91 1,000 1,500 3,000 4,000 5,700 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 75 – 1,000 2,500 4,000 5,200 25 1

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 4. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Amount of annual family deductible, private industry workers, 2017

Characteristics With

deductible

Amount of annual deductible

With no

deductible

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.2 $22 $74 $0 $36 $755 1.2 0.2

Management, professional, and related .................. 1.3 71 220 82 354 0 1.3 0.1

Management, business, and financial ................. 2.1 85 266 0 669 0 2.1 0.2

Professional and related ...................................... 1.5 150 172 530 471 565 1.5 –

Service:

Protective service ............................................... 6.6 0 0 – – 479 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 1.1 159 310 176 305 602 1.0 0.5

Sales and related ................................................. 2.2 244 259 351 0 710 2.2 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 1.6 157 – 0 229 849 1.5 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 3.3 88 100 – 1,107 752 2.2 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 2.7 123 308 71 111 1,159 2.7 0.2

Production ............................................................ 3.1 61 – 46 102 987 3.1 0.3

Transportation and material moving .................... 4.0 79 269 615 490 1,774 4.1 0.2

Full time ................................................................... 1.1 40 69 0 36 824 1.1 0.2

Part time .................................................................. 7.0 98 – 500 596 0 – –

Union ....................................................................... 3.9 74 98 209 589 277 3.9 1 ( )

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.2 74 197 0 0 877 1.2 0.2

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 1.5 – 179 369 323 1,035 1.4 0.4

Third 25 percent ................................................... 1.7 126 176 0 517 1,575 1.6 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 1.2 100 16 378 0 362 1.2 0.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 1.3 163 81 477 84 234 1.3 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 2.2 57 105 338 428 940 2.0 0.5

Construction ......................................................... 3.3 144 108 531 649 408 3.0 1.7

Manufacturing ...................................................... 2.4 122 242 45 385 0 2.4 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 1.4 52 166 0 0 786 1.4 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 1.8 157 0 170 0 1,478 1.7 0.6

Retail trade ...................................................... 2.2 107 390 306 0 0 1.6 1.3

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 4.6 114 309 491 747 1,234 4.6 –

Information ........................................................... 2.0 – 66 711 65 418 1.2 1.8

Financial activities ................................................ 1.2 – 441 18 416 293 1.2 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 1.1 0 174 0 491 150 1.1 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 1.8 80 301 404 530 257 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 1.2 143 220 0 228 287 1.2 –

Education and health services ............................. 3.8 200 – 562 224 – 3.8 1 ( )

Educational services ........................................ 3.1 77 167 97 580 880 3.1 1 ( )

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 3.2 62 100 302 310 835 3.1 1 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Amount of annual family deductible, private industry workers,

2017—continued

Characteristics With

deductible

Amount of annual deductible

With no

deductible

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.5 $87 $0 $415 $190 $0 1.5 1 ( )

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 1.9 47 34 55 409 – 1.9 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 2.6 18 32 160 143 0 2.6 1 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 2.0 137 0 378 177 294 2.0 0.1

New England ....................................................... 3.3 200 32 – 947 – 3.3 1 ( )

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 1.9 – 0 348 385 296 1.8 0.1

South ....................................................................... 2.3 111 144 109 406 1,303 2.2 0.4

West South Central .............................................. 5.1 111 324 653 456 912 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 2.1 104 334 55 0 1,186 2.0 0.6

East North Central ............................................... 2.8 201 – 325 291 1,482 – –

West ......................................................................... 2.9 132 – 567 125 164 3.1 0.3

Mountain .............................................................. 3.8 41 412 0 132 330 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 3.8 – 197 574 236 224 4.1 0.4

1 Less than 0.05. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Medical care benefits: Coinsurance percentage, private industry workers, 2017

(All workers participating in medical care plans with coinsurance = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed coinsurance Variable coinsurance

With other

With fixed coinsurance

coinsurance

Median

coinsurance

percentage

With variable

coinsurance

Median coinsurance percentage

In-network Out-ofnetwork

Most

generous

coverage1

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... – – 84 80 60 90 –

Management, professional, and related .................. – – 83 80 60 90 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 17 80 83 80 60 90 –

Professional and related ...................................... – – 83 80 60 90 –

Service:

Protective service ............................................... – – 78 90 70 100 –

Sales and office ....................................................... – – 84 80 60 80 –

Sales and related ................................................. – – 92 80 60 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ – – 80 80 60 80 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 22 80 78 80 60 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 15 80 85 80 60 80 –

Production ............................................................ 19 80 81 90 60 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 11 80 89 80 60 – –

Full time ................................................................... – – 84 80 60 90 –

Part time .................................................................. – – 85 80 60 90 –

Union ....................................................................... – – 88 85 65 100 –

Nonunion ................................................................. – – 84 80 60 90 –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... – – 85 80 60 90 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 16 80 84 80 60 90 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... – – 84 80 60 90 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – – 84 80 60 90 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 17 80 83 80 60 – –

Construction ......................................................... 19 80 81 80 60 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 15 80 85 90 60 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... – – 84 80 60 90 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... – – 89 80 60 80 –

Retail trade ...................................................... – – 93 80 50 – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – – 92 80 60 – –

Information ........................................................... 8 90 92 90 60 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 16 80 84 80 60 90 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 12 80 88 80 60 90 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 11 80 89 80 60 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 16 80 84 80 60 – –

Education and health services ............................. – – 86 80 60 90 –

Educational services ........................................ – – 82 80 60 90 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – – 90 90 65 90 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Medical care benefits: Coinsurance percentage, private industry workers, 2017—continued

(All workers participating in medical care plans with coinsurance = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed coinsurance Variable coinsurance

With other

With fixed coinsurance

coinsurance

Median

coinsurance

percentage

With variable

coinsurance

Median coinsurance percentage

In-network Out-ofnetwork

Most

generous

coverage1

100 workers or more ................................................ – – 88 80 60 90 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – – 89 80 60 90 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 14 80 86 80 60 90 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – – 78 80 60 100 –

New England ....................................................... – – 73 80 60 100 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – – 79 80 60 100 –

South ....................................................................... 13 80 87 80 60 90 –

West South Central .............................................. 15 80 85 80 60 90 –

Midwest .................................................................... – – 89 80 60 90 –

East North Central ............................................... – – 90 80 60 90 –

West ......................................................................... 21 80 79 80 60 80 –

Mountain .............................................................. 20 80 80 80 60 80 –

Pacific .................................................................. 21 80 79 80 60 80 –

1 Refers to deductible or coinsurance amounts for the most generous benefits received in plans with more than two tiers of benefits. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March

2017."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Coinsurance percentage, private industry workers, 2017

Characteristics

Fixed coinsurance Variable coinsurance

With other

With fixed coinsurance

coinsurance

Median

coinsurance

percentage

With variable

coinsurance

Median coinsurance percentage

In-network Out-ofnetwork

Most

generous

coverage1

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... – – 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Management, professional, and related .................. – – 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 2.1 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 8.0 –

Professional and related ...................................... – – 2.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 –

Service:

Protective service ............................................... – – 10.2 20.0 11.5 0.0 –

Sales and office ....................................................... – – 1.4 0.0 0.0 4.1 –

Sales and related ................................................. – – 1.6 0.0 7.1 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ – – 1.9 0.0 0.0 8.6 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 6.2 7.3 6.2 0.0 0.9 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 1.9 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Production ............................................................ 2.9 0.0 2.9 3.5 0.0 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 2.2 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 – –

Full time ................................................................... – – 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Part time .................................................................. – – 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Union ....................................................................... – – 2.1 6.8 4.2 0.0 –

Nonunion ................................................................. – – 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.9 –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... – – 1.6 0.0 0.0 8.5 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 1.9 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 3.3 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... – – 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – – 2.9 1.6 0.0 10.5 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 2.5 0.0 2.5 0.9 0.0 – –

Construction ......................................................... 3.5 13.4 3.5 0.0 0.0 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 2.5 0.0 2.5 4.7 0.0 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... – – 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... – – 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Retail trade ...................................................... – – 1.7 0.0 6.9 – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – – 2.8 0.0 2.6 – –

Information ........................................................... 1.8 0.0 1.8 4.7 1.3 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 2.2 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 1.3 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 2.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 4.1 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 – –

Education and health services ............................. – – 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Educational services ........................................ – – 7.8 6.1 6.8 0.0 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – – 2.9 7.4 6.8 0.0 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Coinsurance percentage, private industry workers,

2017—continued

Characteristics

Fixed coinsurance Variable coinsurance

With other

With fixed coinsurance

coinsurance

Median

coinsurance

percentage

With variable

coinsurance

Median coinsurance percentage

In-network Out-ofnetwork

Most

generous

coverage1

100 workers or more ................................................ – – 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – – 1.3 0.0 0.0 5.2 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 2.1 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – – 2.9 0.0 0.0 9.7 –

New England ....................................................... – – 4.2 0.0 0.0 4.8 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – – 3.5 0.0 0.0 10.2 –

South ....................................................................... 1.9 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 8.0 –

West South Central .............................................. 3.9 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 7.1 –

Midwest .................................................................... – – 1.4 0.0 0.0 8.1 –

East North Central ............................................... – – 1.4 0.0 0.0 8.3 –

West ......................................................................... 2.1 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Mountain .............................................................. 3.2 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 6.1 –

Pacific .................................................................. 2.7 0.0 2.7 6.8 0.0 0.0 –

1 Refers to deductible or coinsurance amounts for the most generous benefits received in plans with more than two tiers of benefits. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March

2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Medical care benefits: Amount of annual individual out-of-pocket maximum,1

 private industry workers, 2017

(All workers participating in medical care plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With out-ofpocket

maximum

Amount of out-of-pocket maximum With no

out-ofpocket

maximum

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 94 $1,000 $1,500 – $3,500 $5,000 5 2 ( )

Management, professional, and related .................. 95 1,000 1,500 $2,300 3,250 4,950 5 2 ( )

Management, business, and financial ................. 96 1,000 1,500 2,100 3,250 4,650 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 94 1,000 1,500 2,500 3,250 5,000 5 2 ( )

Service:

Protective service ............................................... 100 – 1,350 – 5,150 5,150 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 95 1,000 1,500 2,300 3,500 4,650 4 1

Sales and related ................................................. 98 1,100 1,700 2,950 4,100 5,000 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 93 1,000 1,400 2,000 3,000 4,100 6 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 96 1,000 1,500 2,500 4,000 5,650 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – – – – – – 6 –

Production ............................................................ 93 1,000 1,600 2,500 3,250 4,900 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 94 1,000 1,350 2,200 3,500 4,650 6 1

Full time ................................................................... 95 1,000 1,500 – 3,500 5,000 5 2 ( )

Part time .................................................................. 90 1,000 1,500 2,200 4,000 5,100 – –

Union ....................................................................... 91 1,000 1,000 2,000 3,500 5,150 8 2 ( )

Nonunion ................................................................. 95 1,000 1,500 2,500 3,500 5,000 5 2 ( )

Average wage within the following categories3:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 96 1,000 1,500 2,500 3,500 5,000 4 2 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................... 94 1,000 1,500 2,300 3,250 4,900 6 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 95 1,000 1,500 2,200 3,250 5,000 5 2 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 93 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,000 4,900 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 95 1,000 1,550 2,500 3,500 5,000 – –

Construction ......................................................... 97 1,000 1,500 2,500 3,500 4,800 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 94 1,000 1,500 2,300 3,500 5,000 5 2 ( )

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 95 1,000 1,500 2,600 3,850 4,650 5 1

Retail trade ...................................................... 96 1,400 2,000 3,000 4,100 5,000 3 2 ( )

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 94 1,000 1,000 2,000 2,600 4,100 – –

Information ........................................................... 98 1,000 1,250 2,000 2,650 3,500 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 95 1,000 1,550 2,000 3,000 4,600 4 1

Finance and insurance .................................... 96 1,000 1,550 2,000 2,650 4,000 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 97 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,800 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 93 1,000 1,800 2,200 2,850 4,000 – –

Education and health services ............................. 89 1,000 1,500 2,500 3,200 5,000 10 1

Educational services ........................................ 95 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,600 5,650 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 93 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,500 5,650 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Medical care benefits: Amount of annual individual out-of-pocket maximum,1

 private industry workers,

2017—continued

(All workers participating in medical care plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With out-ofpocket

maximum

Amount of out-of-pocket maximum With no

out-ofpocket

maximum

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

100 workers or more ................................................ 95 $1,000 $1,500 $2,250 $3,500 $5,100 5 2 ( )

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 96 1,000 1,500 2,500 3,750 5,100 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 93 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,050 5,000 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 91 1,000 1,500 2,500 4,100 5,150 8 1

New England ....................................................... 88 1,000 1,500 2,500 3,500 5,450 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 93 1,000 1,400 2,500 4,100 5,150 7 1

South ....................................................................... 92 1,000 1,600 2,500 3,500 5,000 7 2 ( )

West South Central .............................................. 89 – – 2,500 3,500 4,650 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 97 1,000 1,450 2,000 3,000 4,100 – –

East North Central ............................................... 96 1,000 1,350 2,000 3,000 4,100 4 2 ( )

West ......................................................................... 97 1,000 1,500 2,200 3,250 5,000 – –

Mountain .............................................................. 99 1,000 1,500 2,500 3,500 – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 97 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,150 5,000 – –

1 The out-of-pocket maximum is the annual limit on the amount of covered expenses that a participant or a family must pay after the deductible has been satisfied. Once reached, covered

expenses are fully reimbursed for the rest of the year. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Amount of annual individual out-of-pocket maximum,1

 private industry

workers, 2017

Characteristics

With out-ofpocket

maximum

Amount of out-of-pocket maximum With no

out-ofpocket

maximum

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 0.7 $0 $0 – $63 $60 0.7 0.1

Management, professional, and related .................. 1.2 0 0 $210 220 220 1.2 0.2

Management, business, and financial ................. 1.3 0 0 229 308 375 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 1.5 0 0 150 237 152 1.5 0.2

Service:

Protective service ............................................... 0.3 – 189 – 1,217 0 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 0.9 0 23 276 109 173 0.8 0.3

Sales and related ................................................. 0.7 149 391 184 0 77 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 1.2 0 247 138 0 313 1.2 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 1.4 18 126 494 501 714 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – – – – – – 1.4 –

Production ............................................................ 2.4 64 157 242 384 128 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 1.4 0 333 354 433 164 1.3 0.4

Full time ................................................................... 0.7 0 0 – 138 90 0.7 0.1

Part time .................................................................. 7.1 0 0 409 269 622 – –

Union ....................................................................... 1.8 103 142 0 609 682 1.8 0.1

Nonunion ................................................................. 0.8 0 0 68 33 169 0.7 0.1

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 0.9 33 0 0 86 188 0.9 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................... 1.2 0 0 271 271 156 1.1 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 0.9 0 0 190 304 161 1.0 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 2.1 0 29 90 419 370 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 1.5 39 94 120 126 127 – –

Construction ......................................................... 1.2 106 61 251 468 275 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 0.8 0 0 189 234 101 0.8 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 0.8 0 0 146 277 100 0.7 0.4

Retail trade ...................................................... 0.9 149 297 131 0 93 0.8 0.2

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 2.5 0 103 0 447 434 – –

Information ........................................................... 1.0 0 342 129 182 103 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 1.3 0 81 0 289 264 1.3 0.3

Finance and insurance .................................... 1.6 0 81 0 114 418 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 1.0 0 41 0 124 533 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 3.2 112 186 301 287 682 – –

Education and health services ............................. 2.5 178 0 414 263 112 2.3 0.3

Educational services ........................................ 2.1 213 0 306 543 1,099 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 2.7 0 146 167 529 1,133 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Amount of annual individual out-of-pocket maximum,1

 private industry

workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics

With out-ofpocket

maximum

Amount of out-of-pocket maximum With no

out-ofpocket

maximum

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.3 $0 $0 $83 $99 $134 1.2 0.2

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 1.2 0 20 184 382 162 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 2.4 0 116 0 250 150 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 2.2 0 193 180 228 401 2.2 0.3

New England ....................................................... 5.7 122 435 235 765 494 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 1.6 0 202 235 287 399 1.6 0.2

South ....................................................................... 1.5 186 268 0 167 296 1.4 0.2

West South Central .............................................. 3.6 – – 157 301 318 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 0.6 0 139 103 0 156 – –

East North Central ............................................... 0.8 0 155 0 41 307 0.8 3 ( )

West ......................................................................... 0.9 0 0 246 241 199 – –

Mountain .............................................................. 0.6 207 0 274 461 – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 1.3 0 0 299 285 159 – –

1 The out-of-pocket maximum is the annual limit on the amount of covered expenses that a participant or a family must pay after the deductible has been satisfied. Once reached, covered

expenses are fully reimbursed for the rest of the year. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017." 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Medical care benefits: Amount of annual family out-of-pocket maximum,1

 private industry workers, 2017

(All workers participating in medical care plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With out-ofpocket

maximum

Amount of out-of-pocket maximum With no

out-ofpocket

maximum

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 93 $2,000 $3,000 $5,000 $7,000 $9,600 7 2 ( )

Management, professional, and related .................. 94 2,000 3,000 5,000 6,850 9,000 6 2 ( )

Management, business, and financial ................. 95 2,000 3,000 4,400 6,900 9,600 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 93 2,000 3,000 5,000 6,850 8,700 6 2 ( )

Service:

Protective service ............................................... 97 2,700 3,000 – 10,300 10,300 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 93 2,000 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,000 6 1

Sales and related ................................................. 96 2,700 3,600 6,000 8,200 9,700 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 92 2,000 3,000 4,400 6,050 8,700 8 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 91 2,000 3,100 6,000 8,000 11,200 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 92 2,000 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,400 – –

Production ............................................................ 91 2,000 3,100 5,000 7,000 9,700 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 93 2,000 – 5,000 7,100 9,300 7 1

Full time ................................................................... 93 2,000 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,600 6 2 ( )

Part time .................................................................. 88 2,000 3,000 5,000 8,000 9,600 – –

Union ....................................................................... 89 2,000 – 4,000 7,000 10,300 11 2 ( )

Nonunion ................................................................. 94 2,100 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,400 6 2 ( )

Average wage within the following categories3:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 94 2,200 3,200 – 7,200 9,600 5 2 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................... 92 2,000 3,000 5,000 6,850 9,350 7 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 93 2,000 3,000 4,500 6,900 9,300 6 2 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 91 2,000 3,000 4,300 6,700 9,000 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 93 2,000 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,700 – –

Construction ......................................................... 93 2,100 3,100 5,400 7,000 9,500 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 95 2,000 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,700 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 93 2,000 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,500 7 2 ( )

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 92 2,000 3,000 5,100 8,000 9,300 8 1

Retail trade ...................................................... 95 3,000 4,000 6,000 8,200 9,600 4 2 ( )

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 91 2,000 2,000 4,000 5,200 8,200 – –

Information ........................................................... 98 2,500 2,850 4,000 5,000 7,000 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 95 2,000 3,200 4,000 6,000 8,650 5 1

Finance and insurance .................................... 95 2,000 3,200 4,000 5,700 7,500 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 97 2,000 3,100 3,800 5,000 7,500 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 93 – 3,400 5,000 6,200 7,500 – –

Education and health services ............................. 88 2,200 3,000 5,000 6,500 8,950 11 1

Educational services ........................................ 95 – 3,000 4,300 7,000 12,700 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 93 2,000 3,000 4,000 7,000 12,700 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Medical care benefits: Amount of annual family out-of-pocket maximum,1

 private industry workers,

2017—continued

(All workers participating in medical care plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With out-ofpocket

maximum

Amount of out-of-pocket maximum With no

out-ofpocket

maximum

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

100 workers or more ................................................ 93 $2,000 $3,000 $4,950 $7,000 $9,700 7 2 ( )

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 94 2,000 3,200 5,000 7,600 10,000 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 92 2,000 3,000 4,000 6,500 9,350 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 91 2,000 3,000 5,000 8,200 10,300 9 1

New England ....................................................... 86 – 3,400 5,000 7,500 10,000 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 92 2,000 3,000 – 8,300 10,300 7 1

South ....................................................................... 91 2,400 3,300 – 7,100 9,500 8 2 ( )

West South Central .............................................. 89 2,400 3,200 5,000 7,000 9,300 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 94 2,000 3,000 4,400 6,000 8,000 – –

East North Central ............................................... 94 2,000 3,000 4,000 6,000 8,200 6 2 ( )

West ......................................................................... 96 2,000 3,000 4,500 6,850 9,500 – –

Mountain .............................................................. 98 2,000 3,000 5,000 7,500 – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 95 2,000 3,000 4,400 6,600 9,200 – –

1 The out-of-pocket maximum is the annual limit on the amount of covered expenses that a participant or a family must pay after the deductible has been satisfied. Once reached, covered

expenses are fully reimbursed for the rest of the year. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Amount of annual family out-of-pocket maximum,1

 private industry

workers, 2017

Characteristics

With out-ofpocket

maximum

Amount of out-of-pocket maximum With no

out-ofpocket

maximum

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 0.8 $0 $0 $13 $18 $376 0.8 0.1

Management, professional, and related .................. 1.2 0 0 372 203 289 1.2 0.2

Management, business, and financial ................. 1.3 112 0 451 332 578 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 1.5 0 52 130 257 154 1.5 0.2

Service:

Protective service ............................................... 3.1 757 476 – 1,501 0 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 0.9 91 0 218 176 207 0.9 0.3

Sales and related ................................................. 0.9 274 314 277 0 468 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 1.3 0 0 364 276 559 1.3 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 3.2 85 628 743 523 1,584 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 1.8 0 213 36 100 298 – –

Production ............................................................ 3.1 52 265 373 223 283 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 1.5 0 – 105 375 92 1.4 0.4

Full time ................................................................... 0.8 0 0 13 42 388 0.8 0.1

Part time .................................................................. 7.0 36 225 558 413 1,384 – –

Union ....................................................................... 2.3 167 – 256 829 1,840 2.3 0.1

Nonunion ................................................................. 0.8 197 52 0 18 280 0.8 0.1

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 1.0 372 373 – 436 397 1.0 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................... 1.2 0 27 228 339 234 1.2 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 1.1 0 0 476 123 286 1.1 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 2.2 0 0 529 352 556 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 1.9 134 268 114 273 309 – –

Construction ......................................................... 2.8 411 814 695 596 721 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 2.1 117 179 568 201 167 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 0.9 0 0 93 82 507 0.8 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 1.2 0 309 131 407 61 1.2 0.4

Retail trade ...................................................... 1.1 143 463 0 0 303 1.0 0.2

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 2.7 0 295 373 944 944 – –

Information ........................................................... 1.0 88 310 106 16 206 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 1.3 216 114 36 139 640 1.3 0.3

Finance and insurance .................................... 1.6 102 81 55 514 646 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 1.0 113 176 237 812 986 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 3.2 – 371 638 360 665 – –

Education and health services ............................. 2.6 314 93 241 367 158 2.4 0.3

Educational services ........................................ 2.1 – 381 542 1,274 2,818 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 2.7 36 26 340 752 2,630 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Amount of annual family out-of-pocket maximum,1

 private industry

workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics

With out-ofpocket

maximum

Amount of out-of-pocket maximum With no

out-ofpocket

maximum

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.4 $0 $0 $313 $167 $584 1.3 0.2

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 1.4 104 278 73 583 828 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 2.4 0 99 391 537 924 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 2.3 107 61 219 426 616 2.3 0.3

New England ....................................................... 5.7 – 662 224 1,072 769 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 1.8 89 22 – 685 1,030 1.7 0.2

South ....................................................................... 1.6 132 338 – 244 530 1.5 0.2

West South Central .............................................. 3.7 680 558 223 316 558 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 1.1 0 81 186 339 382 – –

East North Central ............................................... 1.4 0 292 490 273 366 1.4 3 ( )

West ......................................................................... 1.0 0 0 536 324 833 – –

Mountain .............................................................. 0.6 140 128 938 720 – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 1.3 0 0 503 391 387 – –

1 The out-of-pocket maximum is the annual limit on the amount of covered expenses that a participant or a family must pay after the deductible has been satisfied. Once reached, covered

expenses are fully reimbursed for the rest of the year. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017." 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Medical care benefits: High deductible and nonhigh

deductible health plans,1

 private industry workers, 2017

(All workers participating in medical care plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics High deductible

health plans

Nonhigh

deductible health

plans

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 42 57

Management, professional, and related .................. 44 55

Management, business, and financial ................. 48 51

Professional and related ...................................... 42 58

Service:

Protective service ............................................... – 59

Sales and office ....................................................... 49 49

Sales and related ................................................. 59 40

Office and administrative support ........................ 45 53

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 39 55

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 41 58

Production ............................................................ 44 55

Transportation and material moving .................... 38 61

Full time ................................................................... 43 56

Part time .................................................................. 37 63

Union ....................................................................... 18 81

Nonunion ................................................................. 45 54

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 47 51

Third 25 percent ................................................... 41 58

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 40 60

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 43 56

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 43 55

Construction ......................................................... 40 57

Manufacturing ...................................................... 44 55

Service-providing industries ..................................... 42 57

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 47 51

Retail trade ...................................................... 60 37

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 30 70

Information ........................................................... 45 53

Financial activities ................................................ 55 44

Finance and insurance .................................... 59 40

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 62 37

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 57 43

Education and health services ............................. 35 65

Educational services ........................................ 14 86

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 15 85

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Medical care benefits: High deductible and nonhigh

deductible health plans,1

 private industry workers,

2017—continued

(All workers participating in medical care plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics High deductible

health plans

Nonhigh

deductible health

plans

100 workers or more ................................................ 38 62

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 42 57

500 workers or more ............................................ 32 67

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 30 69

New England ....................................................... 32 68

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 30 70

South ....................................................................... 48 51

West South Central .............................................. 52 47

Midwest .................................................................... 51 48

East North Central ............................................... 51 49

West ......................................................................... 36 64

Mountain .............................................................. 46 54

Pacific .................................................................. 32 67

1 The sum of the columns may not equal 100 since only plans with fixed, variable, or no deductibles

are included. Plans with other deductible formulas are not included. A high deductible health plan (HDHP)

is a health plan which typically has a higher deductible and lower premium than a traditional health plan. An

individual plan must have a minimum deductible of $1,300 to be classified as a HDHP. Normally the plan

includes catastrophic coverage to protect against large medical expenses, but the insured is responsible

for routine out-of-pocket expenses. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey

publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Standard errors for medical care benefits: High

deductible and nonhigh deductible health plans,1

 private industry

workers, 2017

Characteristics High deductible

health plans

Nonhigh

deductible health

plans

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.6 1.6

Management, professional, and related .................. 3.0 3.0

Management, business, and financial ................. 3.3 3.3

Professional and related ...................................... 3.5 3.5

Service:

Protective service ............................................... – 16.8

Sales and office ....................................................... 2.4 2.3

Sales and related ................................................. 2.7 2.6

Office and administrative support ........................ 3.0 2.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 5.5 5.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 2.2 2.2

Production ............................................................ 3.3 3.3

Transportation and material moving .................... 3.4 3.3

Full time ................................................................... 1.5 1.5

Part time .................................................................. 6.0 6.0

Union ....................................................................... 2.6 2.6

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.6 1.6

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 2.4 2.4

Third 25 percent ................................................... 2.3 2.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 2.1 2.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 3.2 3.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 2.5 2.6

Construction ......................................................... 4.9 5.3

Manufacturing ...................................................... 2.7 2.6

Service-providing industries ..................................... 1.9 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 1.8 1.8

Retail trade ...................................................... 3.3 3.4

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 3.9 3.9

Information ........................................................... 6.4 6.7

Financial activities ................................................ 2.3 2.2

Finance and insurance .................................... 2.0 2.0

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 3.8 3.5

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 2.7 2.7

Education and health services ............................. 4.5 4.5

Educational services ........................................ 2.8 2.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 3.0 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Standard errors for medical care benefits: High

deductible and nonhigh deductible health plans,1

 private industry

workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics High deductible

health plans

Nonhigh

deductible health

plans

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.9 1.9

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 2.7 2.7

500 workers or more ............................................ 2.6 2.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 2.2 2.3

New England ....................................................... 6.1 6.1

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 2.3 2.4

South ....................................................................... 2.5 2.5

West South Central .............................................. 4.7 4.7

Midwest .................................................................... 2.8 2.8

East North Central ............................................... 3.8 3.8

West ......................................................................... 4.6 4.5

Mountain .............................................................. 10.7 10.6

Pacific .................................................................. 4.8 4.8

1 A high deductible health plan (HDHP) is a health plan which typically has a higher deductible and

lower premium than a traditional health plan. An individual plan must have a minimum deductible of $1,300

to be classified as a HDHP. Normally the plan includes catastrophic coverage to protect against large

medical expenses, but the insured is responsible for routine out-of-pocket expenses. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey

publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Defined benefit plans: Availability and eligibility requirements for open plans, private industry workers, 2017

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Plans open to

new

employees

Open to new employees

Plans not

open to new

employees

Not

determinable

Minimum

age and

service

requirement

Minimum

age only

requirement

Minimum

service only

requirement

No minimum

age or

service

requirement

Age and

service

requirement

not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 53 22 – 20 10 – 47 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 50 29 – 12 – – 50 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 49 27 – 14 7 – 51 –

Professional and related ...................................... 51 30 – 10 – – 49 –

Service ..................................................................... 60 – – 37 – – 40 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 49 25 – 16 – – 51 –

Sales and related ................................................. 52 – – – – – 48 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 48 25 – 16 – – 52 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 68 7 – 39 21 – 32 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 83 – – 62 19 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 52 – – – 22 – 48 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 52 16 – 21 14 – 48 –

Production ............................................................ 39 – – – – – 61 –

Transportation and material moving .................... 60 17 – 29 – – 40 –

Full time ................................................................... 51 19 – 21 11 – 49 –

Part time .................................................................. 70 45 – – – – 30 –

Union ....................................................................... 60 15 – 33 11 – 40 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 49 26 – 12 10 – 51 –

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 50 37 – – – – 50 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 58 23 – 30 – – 42 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 52 24 – 17 10 – 48 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 53 18 – 21 13 – 47 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 56 22 – 18 – – 44 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 55 – – 22 24 – 45 –

Construction ......................................................... 92 – – 60 32 – – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 35 – – – 15 – 65 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 53 26 – 20 6 – 47 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 52 26 – 19 – – 48 –

Wholesale trade ............................................... 42 – – – – – 58 –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 53 – – 31 – – 47 –

Utilities ............................................................. 78 40 – – 12 – 22 –

Information ........................................................... – – – – – – 69 –

Financial activities ................................................ 59 20 – 28 11 – 41 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 55 22 – 26 – – 45 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 53 – – 37 – – 47 –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 63 36 – – – – 37 –

Professional and business services ..................... 40 – – – – – 60 –

Education and health services ............................. 64 42 – 15 – – 36 –

Educational services ........................................ 48 – – – – – 52 –

Health care and social assistance ................... 65 46 – 16 – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Defined benefit plans: Availability and eligibility requirements for open plans, private industry workers,

2017—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Plans open to

new

employees

Open to new employees

Plans not

open to new

employees

Not

determinable

Minimum

age and

service

requirement

Minimum

age only

requirement

Minimum

service only

requirement

No minimum

age or

service

requirement

Age and

service

requirement

not

determinable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 70 – – 22 – – 30 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 74 – – 20 – – 26 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 58 – – 26 – – 42 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 49 19 – 20 10 – 51 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 56 24 – 24 – – 44 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 45 16 – 18 11 – 55 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 70 36 – 23 9 – 30 –

New England ....................................................... 74 – – – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 68 30 – – 11 – 32 –

South ....................................................................... 39 9 – 20 – – 61 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 45 – – 26 – – 55 –

East South Central ............................................... 23 – – – – – 77 –

West South Central .............................................. – 5 – – – – 63 –

Midwest .................................................................... 56 19 – 20 17 – 44 –

East North Central ............................................... 55 16 – 19 19 – 45 –

West North Central .............................................. 60 25 – 22 13 – 40 –

West ......................................................................... 45 – – 19 – – 55 –

Mountain .............................................................. 34 – – – – – 66 –

Pacific .................................................................. 50 – – 19 – – 50 –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Availability and eligibility requirements for open plans, private industry

workers, 2017

Characteristics

Plans open to

new

employees

Open to new employees

Plans not

open to new

employees

Not

determinable Minimum age

and service

requirement

Minimum age

only

requirement

Minimum

service only

requirement

No minimum

age or

service

requirement

Age and

service

requirement

not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 3.6 3.2 – 2.3 1.6 – 3.6 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 6.0 6.0 – 2.0 – – 6.0 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 5.9 6.0 – 3.4 1.7 – 5.9 –

Professional and related ...................................... 7.2 7.1 – 1.8 – – 7.2 –

Service ..................................................................... 9.0 – – 10.3 – – 9.0 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 4.3 3.2 – 3.1 – – 4.3 –

Sales and related ................................................. 8.5 – – – – – 8.5 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 4.9 3.1 – 3.5 – – 4.9 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5.3 2.2 – 5.4 4.0 – 5.3 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 5.2 – – 6.2 4.9 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 6.8 – – – 6.3 – 6.8 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 6.2 3.6 – 5.0 3.4 – 6.2 –

Production ............................................................ 9.6 – – – – – 9.6 –

Transportation and material moving .................... 7.8 4.2 – 7.1 – – 7.8 –

Full time ................................................................... 3.8 3.0 – 2.5 1.7 – 3.8 –

Part time .................................................................. 5.6 6.9 – – – – 5.6 –

Union ....................................................................... 5.3 3.0 – 4.7 2.4 – 5.3 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 5.0 4.8 – 1.7 2.3 – 5.0 –

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 7.3 7.5 – – – – 7.3 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 5.8 4.2 – 7.7 – – 5.8 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 4.9 5.4 – 2.8 2.0 – 4.9 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 4.8 3.6 – 2.7 2.6 – 4.8 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 6.8 5.8 – 3.7 – – 6.8 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 6.2 – – 3.6 4.8 – 6.2 –

Construction ......................................................... 2.3 – – 5.4 6.1 – – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 8.2 – – – 4.3 – 8.2 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 4.3 3.9 – 2.8 1.2 – 4.3 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 5.6 4.0 – 4.0 – – 5.6 –

Wholesale trade ............................................... 11.8 – – – – – 11.8 –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 10.8 – – 7.9 – – 10.8 –

Utilities ............................................................. 6.6 9.2 – – 2.5 – 6.6 –

Information ........................................................... – – – – – – 11.3 –

Financial activities ................................................ 4.2 2.4 – 3.5 3.1 – 4.2 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 4.8 2.5 – 5.0 – – 4.8 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 6.4 – – 8.1 – – 6.4 –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 5.0 6.4 – – – – 5.0 –

Professional and business services ..................... 11.2 – – – – – 11.2 –

Education and health services ............................. 9.8 12.0 – 3.1 – – 9.8 –

Educational services ........................................ 11.1 – – – – – 11.1 –

Health care and social assistance ................... 10.7 13.0 – 3.7 – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Availability and eligibility requirements for open plans, private industry

workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics

Plans open to

new

employees

Open to new employees

Plans not

open to new

employees

Not

determinable Minimum age

and service

requirement

Minimum age

only

requirement

Minimum

service only

requirement

No minimum

age or

service

requirement

Age and

service

requirement

not

determinable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 5.9 – – 4.5 – – 5.9 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 6.5 – – 5.5 – – 6.5 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 10.0 – – 7.5 – – 10.0 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 3.9 2.8 – 3.0 1.8 – 3.9 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 5.9 4.6 – 3.8 – – 5.9 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 4.4 3.0 – 4.0 2.8 – 4.4 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 6.8 7.4 – 5.9 2.3 – 6.8 –

New England ....................................................... 9.7 – – – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 8.7 5.8 – – 2.8 – 8.7 –

South ....................................................................... 5.7 2.7 – 3.0 – – 5.7 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 7.5 – – 4.4 – – 7.5 –

East South Central ............................................... 6.5 – – – – – 6.5 –

West South Central .............................................. – 1.5 – – – – 12.3 –

Midwest .................................................................... 5.7 3.4 – 3.9 2.8 – 5.7 –

East North Central ............................................... 7.3 3.7 – 4.8 3.4 – 7.3 –

West North Central .............................................. 6.3 6.7 – 5.5 3.5 – 6.3 –

West ......................................................................... 8.5 – – 4.5 – – 8.5 –

Mountain .............................................................. 9.6 – – – – – 9.6 –

Pacific .................................................................. 10.7 – – 5.1 – – 10.7 –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Defined benefit plans: Primary formula, private industry workers, 2017

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Traditional

Traditional plan formula

Nontraditional

Nontraditional plan formula

Percent of

terminal

earnings

Dollar times

years1

Percent

of career

earnings

Percent of

employer

contribution

Cash

balance

Pension

equity Other

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 63 32 21 – – 37 35 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 46 36 – – – 54 52 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 43 36 – – – 57 56 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 48 36 – – – 52 49 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 53 34 – – – 47 45 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 48 16 – – – 52 52 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 55 40 – – – 45 43 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 85 20 – – 19 15 12 – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – – 29 – – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 76 37 27 – – 24 21 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 88 32 41 – – 12 9 – –

Production ............................................................ – – 62 – – – – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 90 43 27 – – 10 – – –

Full time ................................................................... 63 34 20 – – 37 34 – –

Part time .................................................................. 62 18 25 – – 38 38 – –

Union ....................................................................... 89 28 44 – – 11 10 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 46 35 – – – 54 51 – –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 61 – – – – 39 39 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 69 24 33 – – 31 30 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 61 30 25 – – 39 36 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 63 37 15 – – 37 35 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 55 37 – – – 45 43 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 86 26 46 – – 14 9 – –

Construction ......................................................... – – – – 37 – – – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... – 32 44 – – – – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 56 34 13 – – 44 43 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 79 47 19 – – 21 21 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................... – 69 – – – – – – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – 52 – – – – – – –

Utilities ............................................................. – 64 – – – – 28 – –

Information ........................................................... 64 – – – – 36 36 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 34 25 – – – 66 62 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 30 28 – – – 70 66 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 21 20 – – – 79 79 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 38 35 – – – 62 52 – –

Professional and business services ..................... 58 – – – – 42 42 – –

Education and health services ............................. 35 24 – – – 65 64 – –

Educational services ........................................ – 61 – – – – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – 52 – 26 – – – – –

Health care and social assistance ................... – – – – – – 71 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Defined benefit plans: Primary formula, private industry workers, 2017—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Traditional

Traditional plan formula

Nontraditional

Nontraditional plan formula

Percent of

terminal

earnings

Dollar times

years1

Percent

of career

earnings

Percent of

employer

contribution

Cash

balance

Pension

equity Other

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 60 26 – – – 40 39 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – 31 – – – – – – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 64 – 31 – – 36 36 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 64 34 22 – – 36 33 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 65 30 24 – – 35 32 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 64 36 20 – – 36 35 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 57 28 – – – 43 41 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 62 31 – – – 38 36 – –

South ....................................................................... 67 38 23 – – 33 30 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 71 35 26 – – 29 27 – –

West South Central .............................................. – 58 – – – – – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 65 22 35 – – 35 33 – –

East North Central ............................................... 64 18 37 – – 36 34 – –

West North Central .............................................. 69 – – – – 31 31 – –

West ......................................................................... 64 42 – – – 36 33 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 62 40 – – – 38 35 – –

1 Benefits are based on a dollar amount per month for each year of service recognized by the plan. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Primary formula, private industry workers, 2017

Characteristics Traditional

Traditional plan formula

Nontraditional

Nontraditional plan formula

Percent of

terminal

earnings

Dollar times

years1

Percent

of career

earnings

Percent of

employer

contribution

Cash

balance

Pension

equity Other

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 3.7 3.2 3.0 – – 3.7 3.7 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 5.3 4.6 – – – 5.3 5.3 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 5.9 5.8 – – – 5.9 5.9 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 6.5 5.6 – – – 6.5 6.5 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 4.3 5.6 – – – 4.3 4.1 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 9.2 4.0 – – – 9.2 9.2 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 4.4 6.4 – – – 4.4 4.3 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.6 4.7 – – 4.6 3.6 3.4 – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – – 7.9 – – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 6.0 7.2 6.9 – – 6.0 5.4 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 3.2 6.5 6.6 – – 3.2 2.3 – –

Production ............................................................ – – 7.6 – – – – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 3.0 9.0 7.9 – – 3.0 – – –

Full time ................................................................... 3.6 3.5 3.2 – – 3.6 3.6 – –

Part time .................................................................. 6.8 3.5 6.3 – – 6.8 6.8 – –

Union ....................................................................... 2.5 4.2 4.8 – – 2.5 2.4 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 4.8 4.2 – – – 4.8 4.7 – –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 7.2 – – – – 7.2 7.2 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 4.4 5.1 7.6 – – 4.4 4.4 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 6.1 4.4 4.9 – – 6.1 6.0 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 4.1 3.8 3.0 – – 4.1 4.1 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 6.4 6.3 – – – 6.4 6.3 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 3.6 5.0 5.6 – – 3.6 2.6 – –

Construction ......................................................... – – – – 9.5 – – – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... – 6.2 7.8 – – – – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 4.4 3.9 3.1 – – 4.4 4.4 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 3.1 7.2 4.8 – – 3.1 2.9 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................... – 12.5 – – – – – – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – 12.4 – – – – – – –

Utilities ............................................................. – 9.7 – – – – 6.7 – –

Information ........................................................... 9.5 – – – – 9.5 9.5 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 3.5 3.4 – – – 3.5 3.8 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 3.6 3.6 – – – 3.6 4.0 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 5.9 5.8 – – – 5.9 5.9 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 6.8 7.6 – – – 6.8 7.6 – –

Professional and business services ..................... 11.7 – – – – 11.7 11.7 – –

Education and health services ............................. 10.3 7.2 – – – 10.3 10.5 – –

Educational services ........................................ – 13.1 – – – – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – 6.9 – 6.8 – – – – –

Health care and social assistance ................... – – – – – – 10.2 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Primary formula, private industry workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics Traditional

Traditional plan formula

Nontraditional

Nontraditional plan formula

Percent of

terminal

earnings

Dollar times

years1

Percent

of career

earnings

Percent of

employer

contribution

Cash

balance

Pension

equity Other

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 9.5 5.5 – – – 9.5 9.5 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – 8.1 – – – – – – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 5.9 – 7.9 – – 5.9 5.9 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 3.4 4.0 3.5 – – 3.4 3.4 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 4.7 5.6 4.3 – – 4.7 4.6 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 4.1 5.0 4.8 – – 4.1 4.0 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 8.3 7.1 – – – 8.3 8.3 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 6.4 8.2 – – – 6.4 6.3 – –

South ....................................................................... 5.5 5.9 4.7 – – 5.5 5.4 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 4.2 5.8 5.5 – – 4.2 3.9 – –

West South Central .............................................. – 10.8 – – – – – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 7.1 4.1 6.8 – – 7.1 6.9 – –

East North Central ............................................... 9.1 3.5 6.7 – – 9.1 9.0 – –

West North Central .............................................. 8.1 – – – – 8.1 8.1 – –

West ......................................................................... 5.6 6.2 – – – 5.6 5.4 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 6.2 5.2 – – – 6.2 6.3 – –

1 Benefits are based on a dollar amount per month for each year of service recognized by the plan. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Defined benefit plans: Availability of selected benefit features, private industry workers, 2017

(In percent)

Characteristics

Lump-sum payment at

normal retirement

Disability retirement

benefits

Joint-and-survivor

annuity

Preretirement survivor

benefits

Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 36 90 83 26 100 100 98 86

Management, professional, and related .................. 50 86 85 22 100 100 100 84

Management, business, and financial ................. 44 91 82 29 100 100 100 88

Professional and related ...................................... 54 83 86 – 100 100 100 81

Service ..................................................................... – – 65 – 100 100 100 72

Sales and office ....................................................... 47 99 61 33 100 100 100 95

Sales and related ................................................. – 100 – – – 100 – 88

Office and administrative support ........................ 46 99 62 33 100 100 100 97

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 34 100 86 – 100 100 97 97

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 29 – 89 – 100 – 100 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 42 100 81 – 100 100 93 98

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 23 99 95 56 100 100 95 90

Production ............................................................ 33 99 92 – 100 100 100 83

Transportation and material moving .................... – 99 97 – 100 100 92 97

Full time ................................................................... 36 91 83 28 100 100 98 88

Part time .................................................................. 32 – 77 – 100 – 100 –

Union ....................................................................... 28 98 83 35 100 100 97 98

Nonunion ................................................................. 46 88 82 25 100 100 100 85

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 49 100 81 25 100 100 100 98

Second 25 percent ............................................... 36 100 72 30 100 100 100 98

Third 25 percent ................................................... 31 84 79 – 100 100 99 80

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 37 89 89 27 100 100 97 86

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 50 86 91 32 100 100 100 84

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 42 – 90 – 100 – 100 –

Construction ......................................................... 28 – 91 – 100 – 100 –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 44 – 90 – 100 – 100 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 33 89 79 23 100 100 97 86

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 27 99 80 – 100 100 93 99

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – – 96 – 100 – 88 –

Utilities ............................................................. – 95 66 – 100 100 100 94

Financial activities ................................................ 31 100 86 37 100 100 100 92

Finance and insurance .................................... 29 100 83 38 100 100 100 95

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – 100 – 54 100 100 100 97

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 28 100 85 – 100 100 100 90

Professional and business services ..................... – – 93 – 100 – 100 –

Education and health services ............................. 60 – 83 – 100 100 100 –

Educational services ........................................ – – 91 – 100 – 100 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – – 83 – 100 – 100 –

Health care and social assistance ................... 74 – 80 – 100 100 100 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Defined benefit plans: Availability of selected benefit features, private industry workers,

2017—continued

(In percent)

Characteristics

Lump-sum payment at

normal retirement

Disability retirement

benefits

Joint-and-survivor

annuity

Preretirement survivor

benefits

Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 29 – 66 – 100 100 100 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 30 – 66 – 100 100 100 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – – 64 – 100 – 100 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 37 97 87 25 100 100 98 93

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 33 100 87 40 100 100 100 100

500 workers or more ............................................ 40 96 87 17 100 100 96 89

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – – – – 100 100 93 68

New England ....................................................... – – – – 100 100 100 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 91 – – 100 100 91 86

South ....................................................................... 39 100 80 24 100 100 100 95

South Atlantic ....................................................... 37 100 71 – 100 100 100 93

East South Central ............................................... – – 89 – 100 – 100 –

West South Central .............................................. – – 91 – 100 – 100 –

Midwest .................................................................... 33 100 79 22 100 100 100 97

East North Central ............................................... – 100 84 – 100 100 100 100

West North Central .............................................. 55 100 65 – 100 100 100 86

West ......................................................................... 33 98 76 – 100 100 100 100

Mountain .............................................................. – 100 – – 100 100 100 100

Pacific .................................................................. 46 98 83 – 100 100 100 100

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee

Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Availability of selected benefit features, private industry

workers, 2017

Characteristics

Lump-sum payment at

normal retirement

Disability retirement

benefits

Joint-and-survivor

annuity

Preretirement survivor

benefits

Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 4.4 8.5 2.8 4.9 0.0 0.0 1.4 8.3

Management, professional, and related .................. 8.8 10.4 3.4 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.2

Management, business, and financial ................. 10.6 8.2 6.3 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.1

Professional and related ...................................... 9.8 12.1 3.7 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.0

Service ..................................................................... – – 18.9 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.5

Sales and office ....................................................... 8.7 0.9 8.2 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9

Sales and related ................................................. – 0.0 – – – 0.0 – 9.9

Office and administrative support ........................ 10.2 1.3 9.5 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5.4 0.0 3.9 – 0.0 0.0 2.2 2.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 7.2 – 4.3 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 7.3 0.0 6.6 – 0.0 0.0 4.9 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 4.9 0.8 2.5 11.5 0.0 0.0 3.4 8.2

Production ............................................................ 8.7 1.0 4.1 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.4

Transportation and material moving .................... – 1.2 2.1 – 0.0 0.0 5.6 3.0

Full time ................................................................... 4.8 7.3 3.2 5.2 0.0 0.0 1.6 7.3

Part time .................................................................. 6.2 – 7.7 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

Union ....................................................................... 4.2 1.5 4.0 7.1 0.0 0.0 2.6 1.6

Nonunion ................................................................. 5.6 9.5 3.8 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.3

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 10.3 0.0 8.1 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5

Second 25 percent ............................................... 8.0 0.0 6.9 6.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5

Third 25 percent ................................................... 5.0 13.2 5.9 – 0.0 0.0 1.0 12.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 6.5 8.4 2.8 6.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 8.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 9.6 9.7 3.3 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 5.7 – 3.9 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

Construction ......................................................... 6.6 – 2.9 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 7.6 – 5.8 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 5.7 9.2 3.8 5.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 9.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 5.6 0.6 4.3 – 0.0 0.0 4.6 1.1

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – – 1.5 – 0.0 – 8.8 –

Utilities ............................................................. – 3.2 8.7 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6

Financial activities ................................................ 9.1 0.0 3.2 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6

Finance and insurance .................................... 5.7 0.0 4.0 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – 0.0 – 8.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 8.0 0.0 9.2 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.1

Professional and business services ..................... – – 5.3 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

Education and health services ............................. 9.0 – 8.1 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Educational services ........................................ – – 3.9 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – – 5.6 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

Health care and social assistance ................... 7.9 – 10.6 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Availability of selected benefit features, private industry

workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics

Lump-sum payment at

normal retirement

Disability retirement

benefits

Joint-and-survivor

annuity

Preretirement survivor

benefits

Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 5.8 – 6.8 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 6.7 – 6.3 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – – 12.8 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 4.8 1.7 3.1 5.4 0.0 0.0 1.7 2.5

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 5.8 0.0 3.1 10.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

500 workers or more ............................................ 7.0 2.6 4.6 4.9 0.0 0.0 2.8 4.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – – – – 0.0 0.0 5.0 18.5

New England ....................................................... – – – – 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 5.7 – – 0.0 0.0 6.6 7.2

South ....................................................................... 6.4 0.0 6.5 6.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4

South Atlantic ....................................................... 7.5 0.0 9.9 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0

East South Central ............................................... – – 1.1 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

West South Central .............................................. – – 7.1 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

Midwest .................................................................... 6.6 0.0 4.5 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3

East North Central ............................................... – 0.0 3.9 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

West North Central .............................................. 10.5 0.0 9.3 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6

West ......................................................................... 9.0 1.4 8.5 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Mountain .............................................................. – 0.0 – – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Pacific .................................................................. 12.7 1.9 4.4 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee

Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Traditional defined benefit plans: Terminal earnings formulas, private industry

workers, 2017

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans with a terminal earnings formula = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Flat

percent

per year

of service

Flat percent per year of service1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 51 1.00 1.25 1.60 1.67 2.00

Management, professional, and related .................. 34 1.25 1.30 1.60 1.60 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 28 1.25 1.50 1.60 1.67 1.67

Professional and related ...................................... 37 1.25 1.30 1.60 1.60 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 58 1.00 1.25 1.60 1.75 1.75

Office and administrative support ........................ 63 1.00 1.25 1.60 1.75 1.75

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 54 1.00 1.25 – 1.67 2.50

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 54 1.00 1.20 1.67 1.67 2.50

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 69 – 1.00 1.67 1.67 1.67

Full time ................................................................... 52 1.00 1.30 1.60 1.67 2.00

Part time .................................................................. 43 1.00 1.25 1.45 1.67 1.75

Union ....................................................................... 63 1.20 1.45 1.67 1.67 2.00

Nonunion ................................................................. 45 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.67 1.75

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 63 – 1.00 – – 2.15

Third 25 percent ................................................... 59 1.00 1.20 1.60 1.67 2.00

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 44 1.25 1.45 1.60 1.67 1.75

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 44 1.25 1.50 1.60 1.67 1.67

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 42 – – 1.60 1.60 1.60

Service-providing industries ..................................... 54 1.00 1.25 1.67 1.75 2.00

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 69 1.00 1.20 1.67 1.67 1.67

Financial activities ................................................ 24 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.50 1.50

Finance and insurance .................................... 24 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.50 1.50

Education and health services ............................. 55 1.25 1.25 1.45 – 2.50

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 50 1.00 1.00 – 1.67 1.67

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 50 1.00 1.00 – 1.67 2.00

100 workers or more ................................................ 52 1.10 1.45 1.60 1.75 2.00

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 54 – 1.50 1.67 1.75 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 51 1.20 1.30 1.60 1.67 2.00

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 27 1.00 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.67

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 28 1.00 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.67

South ....................................................................... 70 1.25 1.50 1.60 1.67 1.75

South Atlantic ....................................................... 51 – 1.45 1.67 1.67 1.67

Midwest .................................................................... 43 – 1.00 – 1.50 –

East North Central ............................................... 39 – – – 1.50 –

West North Central .............................................. 50 1.00 1.00 – 1.60 1.67

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Traditional defined benefit plans: Terminal earnings formulas,

private industry workers, 2017—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans with a terminal earnings formula = 100

percent)

Characteristics

Percent

per year

varies

Percent per year varies by

Service Earnings

Earnings

and

service

Other

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 49 – 20 – 13

Management, professional, and related .................. 66 – 28 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 72 – – – –

Professional and related ...................................... 63 – – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 42 – – 14 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 37 – – – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 46 16 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 46 17 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 31 – 11 – –

Full time ................................................................... 48 – 20 – 13

Part time .................................................................. 57 – – – –

Union ....................................................................... 37 – – – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 55 – 26 – 13

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 37 – – – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 41 – – – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 56 – 23 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 56 – – – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 58 – – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 46 – 20 7 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 31 – – – –

Financial activities ................................................ 76 – 34 20 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 76 – 34 20 –

Education and health services ............................. 45 – – – –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 50 – – – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 50 – – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 48 – 21 – 11

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 46 – – – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 49 – 25 – 15

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 73 – – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 72 14 – – –

South ....................................................................... 30 – 17 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 49 – 30 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 57 – 42 – –

East North Central ............................................... 61 – – – –

West North Central .............................................. 50 – – – –

1 Estimates represent the flat percentage used to calculate benefits for those workers participating in plans with a

terminal earnings formula based on a flat percentage per year of service. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee

Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or

that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Terminal earnings

formulas, private industry workers, 2017

Characteristics

Flat

percent

per year

of service

Flat percent per year of service

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 5.7 0.00 0.14 0.06 0.09 0.28

Management, professional, and related .................. 6.9 0.03 0.19 0.13 0.05 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 6.7 0.05 0.29 0.10 0.09 0.00

Professional and related ...................................... 10.9 0.03 0.18 0.18 0.45 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 9.7 0.08 0.17 0.17 0.11 0.00

Office and administrative support ........................ 9.3 0.09 0.16 0.17 0.10 0.00

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 9.2 0.26 0.23 – 0.03 0.72

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 10.3 0.28 0.21 0.19 0.24 0.62

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 7.9 – 0.16 0.22 0.00 0.02

Full time ................................................................... 5.9 0.03 0.14 0.05 0.09 0.25

Part time .................................................................. 10.9 0.28 0.16 0.21 0.23 0.05

Union ....................................................................... 9.6 0.26 0.23 0.00 0.46 0.20

Nonunion ................................................................. 6.9 0.00 0.18 0.09 0.12 0.34

Average wage within the following categories1:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 9.3 – 0.04 – – 0.13

Third 25 percent ................................................... 8.3 0.00 0.24 0.16 0.46 0.00

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 6.6 0.05 0.14 0.05 0.05 0.45

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 10.2 0.07 0.23 0.00 0.08 0.00

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 11.9 – – 0.00 0.00 0.00

Service-providing industries ..................................... 6.1 0.05 0.11 0.19 0.14 0.22

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 6.9 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.06

Financial activities ................................................ 6.2 0.00 0.08 0.18 0.18 0.00

Finance and insurance .................................... 6.2 0.00 0.08 0.18 0.18 0.00

Education and health services ............................. 12.3 0.00 0.16 0.05 – 0.00

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 12.7 0.00 0.00 – 0.10 0.38

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 13.0 0.00 0.04 – 0.05 0.46

100 workers or more ................................................ 6.8 0.19 0.19 0.07 0.12 0.28

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 12.1 – 0.14 0.05 0.19 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 7.3 0.24 0.14 0.08 0.09 0.41

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 7.3 0.00 0.06 0.05 0.26 0.05

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 7.7 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.26 0.07

South ....................................................................... 8.2 0.30 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.02

South Atlantic ....................................................... 10.5 – 0.36 0.14 0.00 0.17

Midwest .................................................................... 8.8 – 0.04 – 0.13 –

East North Central ............................................... 10.4––– 0.08 –

West North Central .............................................. 13.7 0.00 0.00 – 0.05 0.00

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Terminal

earnings formulas, private industry workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics

Percent

per year

varies

Percent per year varies by

Service Earnings

Earnings

and

service

Other

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 5.7 – 3.8 – 3.9

Management, professional, and related .................. 6.9 – 8.2 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 6.7 – – – –

Professional and related ...................................... 10.9 – – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 9.7 – – 4.2 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 9.3 – – – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 9.2 4.5 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 10.3 5.0 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 7.9 – 3.3 – –

Full time ................................................................... 5.9 – 3.8 – 3.6

Part time .................................................................. 10.9 – – – –

Union ....................................................................... 9.6 – – – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 6.9 – 5.2 – 3.8

Average wage within the following categories1:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 9.3 – – – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 8.3 – – – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 6.6 – 5.7 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 10.2 – – – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 11.9 – – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 6.1 – 4.7 1.7 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 6.9 – – – –

Financial activities ................................................ 6.2 – 6.3 5.5 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 6.2 – 6.3 5.5 –

Education and health services ............................. 12.3 – – – –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 12.7 – – – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 13.0 – – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 6.8 – 4.1 – 3.0

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 12.1 – – – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 7.3 – 5.4 – 4.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 7.3 – – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 7.7 4.0 – – –

South ....................................................................... 8.2 – 4.6 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 10.5 – 8.0 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 8.8 – 9.7 – –

East North Central ............................................... 10.4 – – – –

West North Central .............................................. 13.7 – – – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee

Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Traditional defined benefit plans: Selected normal retirement age and

service requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2017

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Age less than 65 Age 65

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 10 36 48 –

Management, professional, and related .................. – 20 62 –

Management, business, and financial ................. – 14 66 –

Professional and related ...................................... – 23 59 –

Service ..................................................................... – – 87 –

Sales and office ....................................................... – 33 59 –

Sales and related ................................................. – – – –

Office and administrative support ........................ – 39 52 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 18 57 25 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – 55 21 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – 58 31 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – 47 32 –

Production ............................................................ – 52 36 –

Transportation and material moving .................... – 43 29 –

Full time ................................................................... 12 39 44 –

Part time .................................................................. – – 84 –

Union ....................................................................... 11 43 42 –

Nonunion ................................................................. – 26 56 –

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... – – 70 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... – 24 67 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... – 41 49 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 15 39 39 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – 31 43 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 18 40 34 –

Construction ......................................................... 39 47 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... – 41 47 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... – 33 55 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... – 38 46 –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – 57 – –

Utilities ............................................................. – 56 40 –

Financial activities ................................................ – 34 51 –

Finance and insurance .................................... – – 63 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – – 81 –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... – – 49 –

Professional and business services ..................... – – 60 –

Education and health services ............................. – – 80 –

Educational services ........................................ – 68 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – 36 53 –

Health care and social assistance ................... – – 100 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Traditional defined benefit plans: Selected normal retirement age and

service requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2017—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Normal retirement age requirements (in years)

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... – 62 65 65 65

Management, professional, and related .................. 60 62 65 65 65

Management, business, and financial ................. 60 62 65 65 65

Professional and related ...................................... 60 62 65 65 65

Service ..................................................................... – 65 65 65 65

Sales and office ....................................................... 55 62 65 65 65

Sales and related ................................................. 65 65 65 65 65

Office and administrative support ........................ 55 60 65 65 65

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 55 60 62 65 65

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 55 60 62 62 65

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 55 60 62 65 65

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 60 62 62 65 65

Production ............................................................ 60 62 62 65 65

Transportation and material moving .................... 60 60 62 65 65

Full time ................................................................... – 62 65 65 65

Part time .................................................................. 65 65 65 65 65

Union ....................................................................... 60 62 62 65 65

Nonunion ................................................................. 55 62 65 65 65

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 62 65 65 65 65

Second 25 percent ............................................... 60 65 65 65 65

Third 25 percent ................................................... – 62 65 65 65

Highest 25 percent ............................................... – 62 62 65 65

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 60 62 65 65 65

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 60 62 62 65 65

Construction ......................................................... 55 60 62 62 65

Manufacturing ...................................................... 60 62 65 65 65

Service-providing industries ..................................... – 62 65 65 65

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 60 60 65 65 65

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 60 60 62 62 65

Utilities ............................................................. 55 55 60 65 65

Financial activities ................................................ 62 62 65 65 65

Finance and insurance .................................... 62 62 65 65 65

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 62 65 65 65 65

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 62 62 62 65 65

Professional and business services ..................... 55 62 65 65 65

Education and health services ............................. 62 65 65 65 65

Educational services ........................................ – 60 62 65 65

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 60 62 65 65 65

Health care and social assistance ................... 65 65 65 65 65

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Traditional defined benefit plans: Selected normal retirement age and

service requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2017—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Age less than 65 Age 65

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – 32 54 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – 37 50 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – – 62 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 11 36 47 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – 41 47 –

500 workers or more ............................................ – 34 47 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – 27 61 –

New England ....................................................... – 23 70 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 28 58 –

South ....................................................................... – 44 37 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... – 35 56 –

East South Central ............................................... – 62 – –

West South Central .............................................. – 53 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 14 38 47 –

East North Central ............................................... 13 42 45 –

West North Central .............................................. – 30 52 –

West ......................................................................... – 32 48 –

Mountain .............................................................. – – – –

Pacific .................................................................. – 34 50 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Traditional defined benefit plans: Selected normal retirement age and

service requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2017—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Normal retirement age requirements (in years)

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – 62 65 65 65

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 55 62 65 65 65

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 62 65 65 65 65

100 workers or more ................................................ 60 62 65 65 65

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 55 60 65 65 65

500 workers or more ............................................ 60 62 65 65 65

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 60 62 65 65 65

New England ....................................................... 60 62 65 65 65

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 60 62 65 65 65

South ....................................................................... 55 62 65 65 65

South Atlantic ....................................................... 60 62 65 65 65

East South Central ............................................... 62 62 62 65 65

West South Central .............................................. 55 60 62 65 65

Midwest .................................................................... 55 62 62 65 65

East North Central ............................................... 60 62 62 65 65

West North Central .............................................. 55 60 65 65 65

West ......................................................................... 60 62 65 65 65

Mountain .............................................................. 60 62 65 65 65

Pacific .................................................................. 60 60 65 65 65

1 Normal retirement occurs when the specific age, length of service, or combination of age and length of service plan requirements

are satisfied and the participant may retire and receive all accrued benefits without a reduction or penalty. 2 Includes workers in plans with no minimum service requirements. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Selected normal

retirement age and service requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2017

Characteristics

Age less than 65 Age 65

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 2.2 3.4 3.9 –

Management, professional, and related .................. – 4.3 5.9 –

Management, business, and financial ................. – 3.8 8.4 –

Professional and related ...................................... – 6.3 7.6 –

Service ..................................................................... – – 6.5 –

Sales and office ....................................................... – 6.8 6.7 –

Sales and related ................................................. – – – –

Office and administrative support ........................ – 8.1 7.7 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.7 6.1 4.5 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – 9.2 5.1 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – 5.8 5.8 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – 5.7 6.2 –

Production ............................................................ – 8.9 10.1 –

Transportation and material moving .................... – 6.7 6.7 –

Full time ................................................................... 2.4 3.6 4.0 –

Part time .................................................................. – – 6.4 –

Union ....................................................................... 3.2 5.4 6.7 –

Nonunion ................................................................. – 4.7 6.0 –

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... – – 10.4 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... – 6.0 7.1 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... – 6.5 6.7 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 3.5 4.9 4.6 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – 7.9 8.7 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 3.5 6.7 6.4 –

Construction ......................................................... 8.7 9.3 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... – 7.4 8.4 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... – 3.7 4.6 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... – 5.5 7.5 –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – 7.3 – –

Utilities ............................................................. – 10.3 10.8 –

Financial activities ................................................ – 5.6 4.2 –

Finance and insurance .................................... – – 3.9 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – – 9.8 –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... – – 6.3 –

Professional and business services ..................... – – 15.2 –

Education and health services ............................. – – 8.5 –

Educational services ........................................ – 12.9 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – 9.7 9.6 –

Health care and social assistance ................... – – 0.0 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Selected normal

retirement age and service requirements,1

 private industry workers,

2017—continued

Characteristics

Normal retirement age requirements (in years)

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Management, professional, and related .................. 1.6 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Management, business, and financial ................. 1.7 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

Professional and related ...................................... 2.4 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Service ..................................................................... – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Sales and office ....................................................... 3.5 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Sales and related ................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Office and administrative support ........................ 0.0 6.9 0.5 0.0 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.0 0.5 0.0 2.3 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 0.0 0.8 0.3 1.7 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Production ............................................................ 2.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................... 2.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

Full time ................................................................... – 0.6 3.0 0.0 0.0

Part time .................................................................. 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Union ....................................................................... 1.0 2.5 2.3 0.0 0.0

Nonunion ................................................................. 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................... 5.5 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................... – 1.0 2.7 0.0 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................... – 1.8 1.4 0.0 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 0.0 2.2 1.8 0.0 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 3.4 0.7 1.4 0.0 0.0

Construction ......................................................... 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.8

Manufacturing ...................................................... 2.1 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0

Service-providing industries ..................................... – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 3.9 1.8 2.6 0.0 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 4.3 0.0 1.8 1.8 0.0

Utilities ............................................................. 0.0 0.0 6.6 0.0 0.0

Financial activities ................................................ 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 2.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 1.4 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0

Professional and business services ..................... 9.5 4.4 1.9 0.0 0.0

Education and health services ............................. 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Educational services ........................................ – 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Selected normal

retirement age and service requirements,1

 private industry workers,

2017—continued

Characteristics

Age less than 65 Age 65

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – 4.3 5.8 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – 6.1 7.3 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – – 12.8 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 2.6 4.1 4.3 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – 6.4 7.3 –

500 workers or more ............................................ – 4.8 4.8 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – 3.8 5.7 –

New England ....................................................... – 5.7 7.2 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 4.3 6.5 –

South ....................................................................... – 7.1 6.5 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... – 8.9 7.7 –

East South Central ............................................... – 17.2 – –

West South Central .............................................. – 13.1 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 3.4 6.1 7.5 –

East North Central ............................................... 3.0 8.1 9.2 –

West North Central .............................................. – 3.9 10.9 –

West ......................................................................... – 8.6 11.1 –

Mountain .............................................................. – – – –

Pacific .................................................................. – 8.8 15.1 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Selected normal

retirement age and service requirements,1

 private industry workers,

2017—continued

Characteristics

Normal retirement age requirements (in years)

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 3.2 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 3.6 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

100 workers or more ................................................ 5.9 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.0

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 0.0 0.7 3.8 0.0 0.0

500 workers or more ............................................ 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

New England ....................................................... 4.2 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

South ....................................................................... 6.9 2.4 4.3 0.0 0.0

South Atlantic ....................................................... 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

East South Central ............................................... 0.0 0.0 2.1 3.0 0.0

West South Central .............................................. 0.0 7.1 2.5 0.8 0.0

Midwest .................................................................... 3.5 1.5 3.6 0.0 0.0

East North Central ............................................... 4.1 0.4 3.3 0.0 0.0

West North Central .............................................. 0.0 2.4 3.9 0.0 0.0

West ......................................................................... 5.0 2.7 1.7 0.0 0.0

Mountain .............................................................. 3.3 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0

Pacific .................................................................. 7.4 2.0 1.9 0.0 0.0

1 Normal retirement occurs when the specific age, length of service, or combination of age and length of service plan requirements

are satisfied and the participant may retire and receive all accrued benefits without a reduction or penalty. 2 Includes workers in plans with no minimum service requirements. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Traditional defined benefit plans: Availability of early retirement with selected

requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2017

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Early

retirement

available

Early retirement age requirements (in years)

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 97 50 55 55 55 55

Management, professional, and related .................. 100 55 55 55 55 55

Management, business, and financial ................. 100 55 55 55 55 55

Professional and related ...................................... 100 50 55 55 55 57

Service ..................................................................... 97 55 55 55 55 55

Sales and office ....................................................... 93 50 55 55 55 55

Sales and related ................................................. – 50 55 55 55 55

Office and administrative support ........................ 95 50 55 55 55 55

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 97 – 55 55 55 60

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 100 53 55 55 55 60

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 94 50 55 55 55 60

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 97 50 50 55 55 55

Production ............................................................ 100 55 55 55 55 55

Transportation and material moving .................... 95 50 50 55 55 55

Full time ................................................................... 99 50 55 55 55 55

Part time .................................................................. 85 50 50 55 55 55

Union ....................................................................... 95 50 55 55 55 57

Nonunion ................................................................. 100 55 55 55 55 55

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 78 50 55 55 55 55

Second 25 percent ............................................... 99 50 55 55 55 55

Third 25 percent ................................................... 99 53 55 55 55 55

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 98 50 55 55 55 55

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 100 55 55 55 55 55

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 100 53 55 55 55 55

Construction ......................................................... 100 45 55 55 55 60

Manufacturing ...................................................... 100 55 55 55 55 55

Service-providing industries ..................................... 96 50 55 55 55 55

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 90 50 50 55 55 55

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 92 50 50 55 55 55

Utilities ............................................................. 100 50 55 55 57 57

Financial activities ................................................ 100 53 55 55 55 55

Finance and insurance .................................... 100 50 55 55 55 55

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 100 55 55 55 55 55

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 100 50 55 55 55 55

Professional and business services ..................... 100 – 55 55 55 55

Education and health services ............................. 100 50 55 55 55 55

Educational services ........................................ 100 50 50 55 55 57

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 100 55 55 55 55 57

Health care and social assistance ................... 100 55 55 55 55 55

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Traditional defined benefit plans: Availability of

early retirement with selected requirements,1

 private

industry workers, 2017—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Age 55

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 24 46

Management, professional, and related .................. 32 43

Management, business, and financial ................. 46 38

Professional and related ...................................... 24 46

Service ..................................................................... – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 24 45

Sales and related ................................................. – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 24 44

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 17 47

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – 52

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 18 39

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – 48

Production ............................................................ – 63

Transportation and material moving .................... – 39

Full time ................................................................... 25 48

Part time .................................................................. – 33

Union ....................................................................... 16 46

Nonunion ................................................................. 35 47

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 32 42

Third 25 percent ................................................... 29 51

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 19 47

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 18 61

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 19 61

Construction ......................................................... – 43

Manufacturing ...................................................... – 69

Service-providing industries ..................................... 27 39

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 18 38

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – 38

Utilities ............................................................. – –

Financial activities ................................................ 37 45

Finance and insurance .................................... 45 31

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 53 –

Professional and business services ..................... – 67

Education and health services ............................. – 31

Educational services ........................................ – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 30 –

Health care and social assistance ................... – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Traditional defined benefit plans: Availability of early retirement with selected

requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2017—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Early

retirement

available

Early retirement age requirements (in years)

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 100 50 55 55 55 60

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 100 55 55 55 55 60

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 100 50 50 55 55 55

100 workers or more ................................................ 96 50 55 55 55 55

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 95 50 55 55 55 55

500 workers or more ............................................ 97 50 55 55 55 55

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 92 50 55 55 55 55

New England ....................................................... 97 55 55 55 55 55

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 91 50 55 55 55 55

South ....................................................................... 99 50 55 55 55 55

South Atlantic ....................................................... 99 50 55 55 55 55

East South Central ............................................... 100 55 55 55 55 55

West South Central .............................................. 100 50 55 55 55 55

Midwest .................................................................... 100 50 55 55 55 60

East North Central ............................................... 100 – 53 55 55 60

West North Central .............................................. 100 55 55 55 55 55

West ......................................................................... 98 50 55 55 55 55

Mountain .............................................................. 96 50 55 55 55 55

Pacific .................................................................. 100 50 55 55 55 55

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Traditional defined benefit plans: Availability of

early retirement with selected requirements,1

 private

industry workers, 2017—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Age 55

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 23 44

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 32 39

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – 56

100 workers or more ................................................ 25 47

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 24 39

500 workers or more ............................................ 25 51

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – 48

New England ....................................................... – 45

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 49

South ....................................................................... 21 53

South Atlantic ....................................................... 27 40

East South Central ............................................... – 84

West South Central .............................................. – 60

Midwest .................................................................... 35 30

East North Central ............................................... 30 27

West North Central .............................................. 48 –

West ......................................................................... – 54

Mountain .............................................................. – –

Pacific .................................................................. – 65

1 Early retirement is the age, length of service, or combination of age and length of service,

requirements at which plan participants may retire and receive all accrued benefits, minus a

reduction or penalty. 2 Includes workers in plans with no minimum service requirements. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for

the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria.

For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Availability of early retirement

with selected requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2017

Characteristics

Early

retirement

available

Early retirement age requirements (in years)

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Management, professional, and related .................. 0.0 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7

Management, business, and financial ................. 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Professional and related ...................................... 0.0 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9

Service ..................................................................... 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Sales and office ....................................................... 3.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Sales and related ................................................. – 1.3 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Office and administrative support ........................ 2.3 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.1 – 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.8 3.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 4.7 1.6 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 2.2 0.8 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Production ............................................................ 0.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................... 3.6 2.2 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0

Full time ................................................................... 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Part time .................................................................. 4.7 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Union ....................................................................... 1.6 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 3.5

Nonunion ................................................................. 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 7.6 1.6 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................... 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................... 0.8 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 0.0 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Construction ......................................................... 0.0 9.3 1.2 0.0 2.5 1.9

Manufacturing ...................................................... 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Service-providing industries ..................................... 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 2.8 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.6

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 5.8 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0

Utilities ............................................................. 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 2.2 0.0

Financial activities ................................................ 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................... 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 0.0 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Professional and business services ..................... 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Education and health services ............................. 0.0 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Educational services ........................................ 0.0 0.0 6.1 2.6 0.0 2.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit

plans: Availability of early retirement with selected

requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics

Age 55

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 3.1 3.5

Management, professional, and related .................. 5.8 7.7

Management, business, and financial ................. 8.9 9.1

Professional and related ...................................... 6.9 9.1

Service ..................................................................... – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 4.3 9.3

Sales and related ................................................. – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 5.5 11.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5.1 6.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – 9.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 4.4 7.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – 6.4

Production ............................................................ – 9.7

Transportation and material moving .................... – 7.7

Full time ................................................................... 3.3 3.6

Part time .................................................................. – 7.3

Union ....................................................................... 3.9 4.6

Nonunion ................................................................. 4.8 5.3

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 7.2 10.4

Third 25 percent ................................................... 5.4 5.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 3.3 5.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 4.4 7.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 4.4 5.7

Construction ......................................................... – 8.5

Manufacturing ...................................................... – 7.4

Service-providing industries ..................................... 4.1 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 4.6 5.7

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – 10.3

Utilities ............................................................. – –

Financial activities ................................................ 7.1 6.2

Finance and insurance .................................... 8.7 6.9

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 10.6 –

Professional and business services ..................... – 16.1

Education and health services ............................. – 8.2

Educational services ........................................ – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 6.9 –

Health care and social assistance ................... – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Availability of early retirement

with selected requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics

Early

retirement

available

Early retirement age requirements (in years)

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 5.8

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 2.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.4

500 workers or more ............................................ 1.8 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 3.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8

New England ....................................................... 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 3.4 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5

South ....................................................................... 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

South Atlantic ....................................................... 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

East South Central ............................................... 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

West South Central .............................................. 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

Midwest .................................................................... 0.2 3.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 5.7

East North Central ............................................... 0.3 – 2.9 0.0 0.4 2.6

West North Central .............................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

West ......................................................................... 0.8 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Mountain .............................................................. 1.7 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Pacific .................................................................. 0.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit

plans: Availability of early retirement with selected

requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics

Age 55

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 4.5 5.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 6.6 6.2

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – 11.9

100 workers or more ................................................ 3.7 4.2

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 6.2 7.2

500 workers or more ............................................ 5.1 6.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – 4.7

New England ....................................................... – 12.2

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 4.4

South ....................................................................... 4.9 5.9

South Atlantic ....................................................... 8.0 7.2

East South Central ............................................... – 4.1

West South Central .............................................. – 11.5

Midwest .................................................................... 4.5 6.9

East North Central ............................................... 5.8 7.5

West North Central .............................................. 3.3 –

West ......................................................................... – 11.5

Mountain .............................................................. – –

Pacific .................................................................. – 11.1

1 Early retirement is the age, length of service, or combination of age and length of service,

requirements at which plan participants may retire and receive all accrued benefits, minus a

reduction or penalty. 2 Includes workers in plans with no minimum service requirements. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for

the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria.

For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Defined contribution plans: Type of plan,1

 private industry workers, 2017

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Savings and

thrift

Deferred

profit

sharing

Money

purchase

pension

Employee

stock

ownership

Savings

incentive

match plan

(SIMPLE)

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 73 22 18 4 2

Management, professional, and related .................. 71 22 23 5 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 76 22 19 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 68 22 25 4 –

Service ..................................................................... 70 21 24 – –

Protective service ................................................ 71 – – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 81 21 12 4 1

Sales and related ................................................. 82 17 – 5 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 80 23 15 4 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 64 13 19 – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 53 – 27 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 71 15 13 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 74 26 11 – –

Production ............................................................ 74 25 – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 73 28 11 – –

Full time ................................................................... 73 22 18 3 2

Part time .................................................................. 74 19 12 8 –

Union ....................................................................... 62 10 30 6 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 74 23 17 4 2

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 76 19 – 7 –

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 67 30 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 76 18 17 3 2

Third 25 percent ................................................... 72 27 17 2 3

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 72 22 23 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 69 26 22 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 77 19 15 – –

Construction ......................................................... 62 – 23 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 80 23 13 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 72 22 19 4 2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 81 20 6 6 –

Wholesale trade ............................................... 79 25 – – –

Retail trade ...................................................... 84 14 – 12 –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 73 31 – – –

Utilities ............................................................. 90 – – – –

Information ........................................................... 72 – – – –

Financial activities ................................................ 84 28 18 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 85 29 20 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 84 33 21 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 86 19 17 – –

Professional and business services ..................... 70 22 17 – –

Professional and technical services ................. 65 – 24 – –

Administrative and waste services ................... 78 – – – –

Education and health services ............................. 61 25 35 – –

Educational services ........................................ 41 – 72 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 41 – 75 – –

Health care and social assistance ................... 64 28 30 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Defined contribution plans: Type of plan,1

 private industry workers,

2017—continued

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Savings and

thrift

Deferred

profit

sharing

Money

purchase

pension

Employee

stock

ownership

Savings

incentive

match plan

(SIMPLE)

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 71 23 13 4 4

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 69 22 13 4 5

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 76 25 – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 75 21 21 4 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 78 22 13 4 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 72 20 30 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 67 19 28 – –

New England ....................................................... 52 20 45 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 72 19 22 – –

South ....................................................................... 76 20 13 4 3

South Atlantic ....................................................... 76 20 13 5 –

East South Central ............................................... 77 – – – –

West South Central .............................................. 76 20 – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 75 23 17 2 –

East North Central ............................................... 74 24 16 – –

West North Central .............................................. 78 19 21 – –

West ......................................................................... 74 25 17 – –

Mountain .............................................................. 75 – – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 73 24 19 – –

1 Sum of individual items may be greater than total because multiple plans are available to some employees. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers

with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the

National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Standard errors for defined contribution plans: Type of plan, private industry

workers, 2017

Characteristics Savings and

thrift

Deferred

profit

sharing

Money

purchase

pension

Employee

stock

ownership

Savings

incentive

match plan

(SIMPLE)

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.7 1.6 1.2 0.7 0.3

Management, professional, and related .................. 2.5 2.8 2.0 1.3 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 3.4 2.8 2.9 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 2.8 3.5 2.6 1.0 –

Service ..................................................................... 6.3 5.3 4.9 – –

Protective service ................................................ 19.8 – – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 1.6 2.0 1.5 0.7 0.3

Sales and related ................................................. 2.4 2.6 – 1.1 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 2.0 2.6 2.0 0.7 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.3 1.7 3.6 – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 6.7 – 7.0 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 5.0 2.3 3.3 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 3.6 3.7 2.3 – –

Production ............................................................ 5.5 6.0 – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 4.0 4.7 3.2 – –

Full time ................................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.3

Part time .................................................................. 3.9 4.4 3.2 1.4 –

Union ....................................................................... 5.3 2.0 4.9 1.8 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.9 1.7 1.2 0.7 0.4

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 4.3 3.5 – 1.3 –

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 8.2 7.5 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 2.1 1.5 2.3 0.7 0.3

Third 25 percent ................................................... 2.2 2.5 2.0 0.5 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 2.4 2.7 1.9 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 3.7 4.8 2.7 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 2.9 3.1 2.4 – –

Construction ......................................................... 5.9 – 5.6 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 3.4 4.2 2.3 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 2.0 1.8 1.3 0.8 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 1.9 2.6 1.4 1.1 –

Wholesale trade ............................................... 3.3 4.3 – – –

Retail trade ...................................................... 1.8 2.8 – 1.7 –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 7.3 9.2 – – –

Utilities ............................................................. 6.1 – – – –

Information ........................................................... 5.7 – – – –

Financial activities ................................................ 1.6 2.9 2.1 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 1.6 3.3 2.1 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 2.7 3.6 2.9 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 2.5 4.6 4.1 – –

Professional and business services ..................... 3.7 5.4 3.4 – –

Professional and technical services ................. 5.2 – 6.7 – –

Administrative and waste services ................... 8.0 – – – –

Education and health services ............................. 5.9 4.0 3.3 – –

Educational services ........................................ 4.6 – 3.9 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 4.8 – 4.3 – –

Health care and social assistance ................... 6.7 4.6 3.6 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Standard errors for defined contribution plans: Type of plan, private industry

workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics Savings and

thrift

Deferred

profit

sharing

Money

purchase

pension

Employee

stock

ownership

Savings

incentive

match plan

(SIMPLE)

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 3.2 3.3 2.3 0.8 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 4.2 3.9 2.7 0.9 0.9

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 5.2 5.5 – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 2.3 2.6 1.8 1.0 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 2.8 3.4 2.0 1.0 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 2.9 3.5 3.3 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 4.0 2.2 2.3 – –

New England ....................................................... 8.3 4.9 8.9 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 2.9 2.5 2.2 – –

South ....................................................................... 2.1 2.5 2.0 0.7 0.8

South Atlantic ....................................................... 2.4 2.6 2.1 0.8 –

East South Central ............................................... 7.7 – – – –

West South Central .............................................. 3.9 3.8 – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 4.0 1.6 2.4 0.7 –

East North Central ............................................... 5.2 1.7 2.9 – –

West North Central .............................................. 4.8 3.4 4.1 – –

West ......................................................................... 4.0 5.0 2.7 – –

Mountain .............................................................. 5.5 – – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 5.3 5.9 3.7 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers

with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the

National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Savings and thrift plans: Availability of selected benefit features,1

 private industry workers,

2017

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Pre-tax

contribution

Post-tax

contribution2

Automatic

enrollment

provision3

Automatic

escalation

feature

Employee

choice of

investment

for employee

funds

Employee

choice of

investment

for employer

funds

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 100 55 39 18 91 88

Management, professional, and related .................. 100 59 40 17 89 86

Management, business, and financial ................. 100 63 42 21 89 85

Professional and related ...................................... 100 56 39 15 90 87

Service ..................................................................... 100 51 20 – 95 93

Protective service ................................................ 100 91 – – 100 100

Sales and office ....................................................... 100 53 40 23 95 90

Sales and related ................................................. 100 47 28 21 98 94

Office and administrative support ........................ 100 56 46 24 93 88

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 48 38 13 88 87

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 100 42 22 – 85 85

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 100 51 46 17 90 88

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 100 52 46 18 89 87

Production ............................................................ 100 53 44 19 86 82

Transportation and material moving .................... 100 51 47 18 93 93

Full time ................................................................... 100 55 40 18 91 88

Part time .................................................................. 100 53 32 21 96 93

Union ....................................................................... 100 55 47 11 86 85

Nonunion ................................................................. 100 55 38 18 92 88

Average wage within the following categories4:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 100 47 26 16 92 90

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 100 39 19 – 94 89

Second 25 percent ............................................... 100 46 33 14 95 91

Third 25 percent ................................................... 100 56 44 21 90 87

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 100 62 44 19 90 87

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 100 70 45 18 90 87

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 100 54 46 18 85 83

Construction ......................................................... 100 55 22 – 88 88

Manufacturing ...................................................... 100 55 51 22 83 80

Service-providing industries ..................................... 100 55 37 18 93 90

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 100 50 37 20 95 91

Wholesale trade ............................................... 100 57 53 15 88 81

Retail trade ...................................................... 100 39 18 20 99 96

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 100 62 58 24 94 94

Utilities ............................................................. 100 84 58 38 92 92

Information ........................................................... 100 64 38 – 98 98

Financial activities ................................................ 100 77 52 26 94 93

Finance and insurance .................................... 100 80 55 28 97 96

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 100 78 48 26 96 94

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 100 77 69 33 – 96

Professional and business services ..................... 100 65 44 21 92 88

Professional and technical services ................. 100 – 50 – 85 –

Education and health services ............................. 100 44 27 8 91 85

Educational services ........................................ 100 50 35 – 81 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 100 49 31 – 88 83

Health care and social assistance ................... 100 44 26 – 92 86

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Savings and thrift plans: Availability of selected benefit features,1

 private industry workers,

2017—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Pre-tax

contribution

Post-tax

contribution2

Automatic

enrollment

provision3

Automatic

escalation

feature

Employee

choice of

investment

for employee

funds

Employee

choice of

investment

for employer

funds

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 100 56 38 15 91 85

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 100 56 36 14 91 84

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 100 55 42 18 88 88

100 workers or more ................................................ 100 54 39 20 92 90

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 100 44 34 17 92 90

500 workers or more ............................................ 100 68 47 23 92 90

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 100 59 44 17 92 87

New England ....................................................... 100 65 54 29 98 96

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 100 57 41 – 90 85

South ....................................................................... 100 49 38 20 92 91

South Atlantic ....................................................... 100 45 38 18 90 88

East South Central ............................................... 100 50 45 – 96 94

West South Central .............................................. 100 57 35 27 95 94

Midwest .................................................................... 100 60 42 20 89 87

East North Central ............................................... 100 61 43 19 88 86

West North Central .............................................. 100 58 41 21 93 91

West ......................................................................... 100 53 33 14 92 86

Mountain .............................................................. 100 59 34 – 93 89

Pacific .................................................................. 100 50 – – 91 85

1 The remaining workers include both workers not receiving the benefit and workers for whom the availability of the benefit could not be determined. 2 Contributions are made after taxes have been deducted. 3 The employer automatically enrolls employees in the plan at a specified rate of contribution (e.g., 3 percent of earnings), unless the employee opts out of the

plan. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer

Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Availability of selected benefit features,1

 private

industry workers, 2017

Characteristics Pre-tax

contribution

Post-tax

contribution2

Automatic

enrollment

provision3

Automatic

escalation

feature

Employee

choice of

investment

for employee

funds

Employee

choice of

investment

for employer

funds

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 0.0 2.2 1.9 1.5 0.9 1.0

Management, professional, and related .................. 0.0 3.5 2.5 1.7 1.7 1.8

Management, business, and financial ................. 0.0 3.9 3.2 2.3 2.1 2.6

Professional and related ...................................... 0.0 4.2 3.4 2.0 2.1 2.1

Service ..................................................................... 0.0 5.2 3.9 – 2.0 2.2

Protective service ................................................ 0.0 4.9 – – 0.1 0.1

Sales and office ....................................................... 0.0 3.0 2.6 2.6 1.1 1.3

Sales and related ................................................. 0.0 2.9 2.7 2.6 0.5 1.6

Office and administrative support ........................ 0.0 3.9 3.5 3.5 1.5 2.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.0 4.3 4.3 2.9 2.6 2.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 0.0 8.9 6.4 – 5.6 5.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 0.0 5.1 5.4 3.9 2.9 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 0.0 4.3 5.2 3.0 1.5 1.7

Production ............................................................ 0.0 5.6 6.6 3.9 2.0 2.4

Transportation and material moving .................... 0.0 7.2 6.5 4.1 1.9 1.9

Full time ................................................................... 0.0 2.3 2.0 1.5 0.9 1.0

Part time .................................................................. 0.0 4.3 4.1 3.0 1.7 2.2

Union ....................................................................... 0.0 5.6 5.1 2.5 4.0 4.0

Nonunion ................................................................. 0.0 2.3 1.9 1.6 0.9 1.1

Average wage within the following categories4:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 0.0 4.6 3.5 2.9 2.1 2.4

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 0.0 7.8 4.3 – 4.1 5.3

Second 25 percent ............................................... 0.0 3.5 2.6 1.9 1.0 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................... 0.0 3.4 3.8 2.8 1.2 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 0.0 2.9 2.4 1.7 1.6 1.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 0.0 3.1 4.1 2.1 2.5 2.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 0.0 4.1 4.6 3.0 2.1 2.3

Construction ......................................................... 0.0 7.1 5.9 – 4.7 4.7

Manufacturing ...................................................... 0.0 5.0 5.6 3.6 2.5 2.8

Service-providing industries ..................................... 0.0 2.5 2.0 1.7 0.9 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 0.0 2.5 3.0 2.5 1.0 1.8

Wholesale trade ............................................... 0.0 5.7 5.8 3.3 4.3 5.1

Retail trade ...................................................... 0.0 3.0 2.4 3.2 0.6 1.6

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 0.0 7.6 7.4 7.3 4.3 4.4

Utilities ............................................................. 0.0 7.4 10.2 7.8 4.5 4.5

Information ........................................................... 0.0 6.5 9.9 – 1.9 1.9

Financial activities ................................................ 0.0 3.4 3.4 2.9 2.6 2.5

Finance and insurance .................................... 0.0 2.0 2.3 2.8 0.9 0.9

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 0.0 2.5 3.2 3.8 1.4 1.2

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 0.0 4.1 4.9 5.8 – 1.8

Professional and business services ..................... 0.0 7.5 4.9 4.6 2.7 3.5

Professional and technical services ................. 0.0 – 5.5 – 5.1 –

Education and health services ............................. 0.0 6.2 4.2 2.5 2.8 2.4

Educational services ........................................ 0.0 6.3 6.4 – 4.7 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 0.0 6.8 7.0 – 4.2 6.0

Health care and social assistance ................... 0.0 6.8 4.6 – 3.0 2.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Availability of selected benefit features,1

 private

industry workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics Pre-tax

contribution

Post-tax

contribution2

Automatic

enrollment

provision3

Automatic

escalation

feature

Employee

choice of

investment

for employee

funds

Employee

choice of

investment

for employer

funds

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 0.0 3.3 4.1 2.6 1.5 2.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 0.0 3.9 4.2 2.7 1.9 2.7

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 0.0 5.5 6.6 5.0 3.0 3.1

100 workers or more ................................................ 0.0 2.8 2.7 1.8 1.3 1.3

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 0.0 3.4 3.5 2.0 1.6 1.6

500 workers or more ............................................ 0.0 3.6 3.2 3.2 2.3 2.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 0.0 4.4 5.9 4.1 2.2 1.5

New England ....................................................... 0.0 4.8 9.3 5.9 0.4 2.1

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 0.0 5.2 7.2 – 2.8 1.7

South ....................................................................... 0.0 2.7 2.7 2.7 1.3 1.4

South Atlantic ....................................................... 0.0 3.7 2.6 3.6 2.1 2.3

East South Central ............................................... 0.0 6.2 7.2 – 2.1 1.7

West South Central .............................................. 0.0 4.8 7.0 4.2 1.0 1.5

Midwest .................................................................... 0.0 5.6 3.2 2.3 1.4 1.3

East North Central ............................................... 0.0 7.2 3.8 2.3 1.7 1.5

West North Central .............................................. 0.0 6.8 6.1 5.7 2.6 2.5

West ......................................................................... 0.0 4.5 3.9 3.1 2.3 3.1

Mountain .............................................................. 0.0 6.0 6.3 – 3.9 5.1

Pacific .................................................................. 0.0 5.9 – – 2.8 3.9

1 The remaining workers include both workers not receiving the benefit and workers for whom the availability of the benefit could not be determined. 2 Contributions are made after taxes have been deducted. 3 The employer automatically enrolls employees in the plan at a specified rate of contribution (e.g., 3 percent of earnings), unless the employee opts out of the

plan. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer

Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Savings and thrift plans: Availability of automatic enrollment and method of default contribution,1

 private industry workers, 2017

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Automatic

enrollment

available

With automatic enrollment

No automatic

enrollment

available

Not

determinable

Default

contribution

as percent

of earnings

Default contribution as percent of earnings2

Other

default

contribution3

Default

contribution

not

determinable

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 39 37 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 2 52 9

Management, professional, and related .................. 40 39 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 1 49 11

Management, business, and financial ................. 42 40 – 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 – 2 50 9

Professional and related ...................................... 39 39 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 4 ( ) 48 12

Service ..................................................................... 20 20 – – 3.0 3.0 – – – 64 16

Sales and office ....................................................... 40 35 2.0 3.0 3.0 – 5.0 – 5 53 6

Sales and related ................................................. 28 27 2.0 – 3.0 – 5.0 – 2 65 7

Office and administrative support ........................ 46 39 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 7 48 6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 38 37 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 – – 4 ( ) 55 7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 22 – – – – – – – 1 70 8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 46 46 2.0 3.0 3.0 – – – – 47 7

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 46 43 2.0 3.0 3.0 – 5.0 – 2 51 4

Production ............................................................ 44 41 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 3 51 5

Transportation and material moving .................... 47 46 2.0 – 3.0 3.0 4.0 – 1 50 3

Full time ................................................................... 40 37 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 3 52 9

Part time .................................................................. 32 32 – – 3.0 3.0 4.0 – 4 ( ) 61 8

Union ....................................................................... 47 47 2.0 – 3.0 3.0 4.0 – – 47 6

Nonunion ................................................................. 38 36 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 3 53 9

Average wage within the following categories5:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 26 25 – 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 – 1 67 7

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 19 19 2.0 – 3.0 3.0 3.0 – – 72 9

Second 25 percent ............................................... 33 31 2.0 – 3.0 3.0 5.0 – 1 57 10

Third 25 percent ................................................... 44 39 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 5 50 6

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 44 43 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 1 45 11

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 45 44 – 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 – 1 41 15

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 46 44 – 3.0 3.0 – 6.0 – 2 47 7

Construction ......................................................... 22 22 – 3.0 – 6.0 6.0 – – 66 13

Manufacturing ...................................................... 51 48 2.0 3.0 – – 6.0 – 3 43 6

Service-providing industries ..................................... 37 35 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 – 2 54 9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 37 36 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 – 1 57 6

Wholesale trade ............................................... 53 53 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – – 38 9

Retail trade ...................................................... 18 17 2.0 – 3.0 3.0 5.0 – 1 77 5

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 58 58 2.0 – 3.0 3.0 3.0 – – 38 4

Utilities ............................................................. 58 53 3.0 3.0 – 5.0 6.0 – 4 34 9

Information ........................................................... 38 33 – 3.0 3.0 – – – 5 54 8

Financial activities ................................................ 52 49 – 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 – 3 43 6

Finance and insurance .................................... 55 52 – 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 – 3 42 3

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 48 47 2.0 3.0 3.0 – 6.0 – 1 48 4

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 69 61 – 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 – 8 29 2

Professional and business services ..................... 44 37 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 – 7 41 15

Professional and technical services ................. 50 50 – 3.0 – 5.0 5.0 – – 40 10

Education and health services ............................. 27 27 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 – 4 ( ) 62 11

Educational services ........................................ 35 34 – – 3.0 3.0 4.0 – 2 54 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 31 29 – – – – 4.0 – 2 59 10

Health care and social assistance ................... 26 26 2.0 2.0 3.0 – 4.0 – – 63 11

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Savings and thrift plans: Availability of automatic enrollment and method of default contribution,1

 private industry workers,

2017—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Automatic

enrollment

available

With automatic enrollment

No automatic

enrollment

available

Not

determinable

Default

contribution

as percent

of earnings

Default contribution as percent of earnings2

Other

default

contribution3

Default

contribution

not

determinable

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 38 35 2.0 – 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 3 53 9

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 36 36 2.0 – 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 1 52 12

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 42 33 2.0 – 3.0 3.0 5.0 – 8 54 4

100 workers or more ................................................ 39 38 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 2 52 8

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 34 33 – 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 – 1 56 10

500 workers or more ............................................ 47 44 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 3 47 6

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 44 39 2.0 – 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 5 49 7

New England ....................................................... 54 51 2.0 – – 5.0 6.0 – 4 38 8

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 41 36 2.0 – 3.0 – 6.0 – 5 52 7

South ....................................................................... 38 36 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 – 2 55 6

South Atlantic ....................................................... 38 36 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 2 57 5

East South Central ............................................... 45 45 2.0 3.0 3.0 – 6.0 – – 51 4

West South Central .............................................. 35 31 – 3.0 3.0 4.0 – – 4 55 10

Midwest .................................................................... 42 41 2.0 3.0 3.0 – 5.0 – 2 52 6

East North Central ............................................... 43 41 2.0 3.0 3.0 – 4.0 – 2 50 7

West North Central .............................................. 41 39 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 – 2 55 4

West ......................................................................... 33 31 2.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 – 1 52 16

Mountain .............................................................. 34 31 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 – 3 60 6

1 The employer automatically enrolls employees in the plan at a specified rate of contribution (e.g., 3 percent of earnings), unless the employee opts out of the plan. 2 Estimates represent percentage of default contribution for those workers participating in plans with automatic enrollment and default contribution as a percentage of earnings. 3 Other default contributions are based on maximum dollar amounts specified by the employer, amounts based on employee length of service, or other methods. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using

percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Availability of automatic enrollment and method of default contribution,

1

 private industry

workers, 2017

Characteristics

Automatic

enrollment

available

With automatic enrollment

No automatic

enrollment

available

Not

determinable

Default

contribution

as percent

of earnings

Default contribution as percent of earnings

Other

default

contribution2

Default

contribution

not

determinable

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.9 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 – 0.8 2.2 1.5

Management, professional, and related .................. 2.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.2 3.1 2.7

Management, business, and financial ................. 3.2 3.1 – 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 – 0.4 3.3 2.3

Professional and related ...................................... 3.4 3.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 – 0.2 4.1 3.8

Service ..................................................................... 3.9 3.9 – – 0.0 0.0 – – – 7.0 5.8

Sales and office ....................................................... 2.6 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 1.1 – 2.4 2.8 1.2

Sales and related ................................................. 2.7 2.4 0.0 – 0.0 – 0.0 – 1.2 2.5 1.2

Office and administrative support ........................ 3.5 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 – 3.3 3.5 1.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.3 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 – – 0.3 4.7 2.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 6.4 – – – – – – – 0.7 7.1 2.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 5.4 5.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 – – – – 5.4 3.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 5.2 5.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 – 1.5 – 0.8 5.2 1.3

Production ............................................................ 6.6 6.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 – 1.1 6.2 2.0

Transportation and material moving .................... 6.5 6.3 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.7 – 1.0 7.3 1.2

Full time ................................................................... 2.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 – 0.9 2.3 1.6

Part time .................................................................. 4.1 4.1 – – 0.0 0.4 0.3 – 0.1 4.8 3.3

Union ....................................................................... 5.1 5.1 0.0 – 0.0 0.4 0.0 – – 5.6 2.8

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.9 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 – 0.8 2.2 1.6

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 3.5 3.4 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 – 1.1 3.3 2.9

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 4.3 4.3 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 – – 5.6 5.4

Second 25 percent ............................................... 2.6 2.7 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.7 – 0.4 3.4 2.4

Third 25 percent ................................................... 3.8 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 – 2.4 4.0 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 2.4 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 – 0.4 3.0 2.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 4.1 4.1 – 0.0 0.7 1.0 0.0 – 0.5 4.0 5.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 4.6 4.5 – 0.0 0.6 – 0.0 – 0.6 4.4 2.6

Construction ......................................................... 5.9 5.9 – 0.0 – 1.5 0.0 – – 5.1 4.8

Manufacturing ...................................................... 5.6 5.4 0.5 0.0 – – 0.0 – 0.8 5.3 2.5

Service-providing industries ..................................... 2.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.2 – 1.0 2.5 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 3.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 – 0.5 2.7 1.2

Wholesale trade ............................................... 5.8 5.8 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 – – 5.5 3.5

Retail trade ...................................................... 2.4 2.2 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 1.2 – 0.9 2.3 1.8

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 7.4 7.4 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 – – 8.9 3.8

Utilities ............................................................. 10.2 8.3 0.0 0.0 – 1.4 0.5 – 3.6 9.7 4.5

Information ........................................................... 9.9 9.8 – 0.5 0.0 – – – 3.6 11.1 5.1

Financial activities ................................................ 3.4 3.1 – 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 – 0.9 2.8 2.6

Finance and insurance .................................... 2.3 2.1 – 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 – 1.0 2.2 0.9

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 3.2 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 – 0.7 3.4 1.5

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 4.9 5.0 – 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 – 2.5 4.9 0.6

Professional and business services ..................... 4.9 3.9 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.0 – 4.0 4.8 4.7

Professional and technical services ................. 5.5 5.5 – 0.0 – 0.8 1.1 – – 5.9 4.3

Education and health services ............................. 4.2 4.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.9 0.0 – 4 ( ) 5.8 4.8

Educational services ........................................ 6.4 6.4 – – 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.3 6.7 1.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 7.0 7.1 – – – – 0.0 – 0.5 7.1 3.3

Health care and social assistance ................... 4.6 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 – – 6.3 5.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Availability of automatic enrollment and method of default contribution,

1

 private industry

workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics

Automatic

enrollment

available

With automatic enrollment

No automatic

enrollment

available

Not

determinable

Default

contribution

as percent

of earnings

Default contribution as percent of earnings

Other

default

contribution2

Default

contribution

not

determinable

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 4.1 3.5 0.0 – 0.0 0.5 0.5 – 1.7 4.4 2.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 4.2 4.2 0.0 – 0.0 1.0 0.0 – 0.5 5.0 2.7

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 6.6 4.2 0.0 – 0.0 0.5 0.7 – 5.2 6.2 1.7

100 workers or more ................................................ 2.7 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 – 0.6 3.0 1.8

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 3.5 3.5 – 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.5 – 0.5 3.8 2.6

500 workers or more ............................................ 3.2 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 1.3 3.5 2.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 5.9 3.4 0.0 – 0.0 0.3 0.8 – 3.6 6.0 1.8

New England ....................................................... 9.3 8.8 0.0 – – 0.5 1.1 – 2.8 9.4 2.7

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 7.2 3.7 0.0 – 0.0 – 1.4 – 4.5 7.1 2.1

South ....................................................................... 2.7 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.4 – 1.0 3.3 2.5

South Atlantic ....................................................... 2.6 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.9 – 1.2 3.9 3.2

East South Central ............................................... 7.2 7.2 0.6 0.8 0.0 – 1.4 – – 5.6 3.4

West South Central .............................................. 7.0 7.2 – 0.0 0.0 0.9 – – 2.5 8.2 5.5

Midwest .................................................................... 3.2 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 1.2 – 0.4 3.6 1.3

East North Central ............................................... 3.8 3.6 0.0 0.8 0.0 – 0.0 – 0.3 4.5 1.7

West North Central .............................................. 6.1 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.3 – 1.1 6.1 0.6

West ......................................................................... 3.9 3.9 0.3 0.0 0.3 1.4 0.3 – 1.0 5.5 4.9

Mountain .............................................................. 6.3 5.8 0.2 0.0 0.8 1.1 0.0 – 3.3 6.9 3.9

1 The employer automatically enrolls employees in the plan at a specified rate of contribution (e.g., 3 percent of earnings), unless the employee opts out of the plan. 2 Other default contributions are based on maximum dollar amounts specified by the employer, amounts based on employee length of service, or other methods. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using

percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017." 4 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Savings and thrift plans: Vesting requirements, private industry

workers, 2017

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Graded

vesting

Immediate

full vesting Cliff vesting Notdeterminable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 34 34 24 8

Management, professional, and related .................. 33 35 22 11

Management, business, and financial ................. 34 40 14 12

Professional and related ...................................... 31 31 27 11

Service ..................................................................... 35 24 37 4

Protective service ................................................ – – 89 1 ( )

Sales and office ....................................................... 31 38 25 6

Sales and related ................................................. 34 42 20 4

Office and administrative support ........................ 29 36 27 7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 34 38 19 9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 48 29 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 27 42 26 5

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 44 28 22 7

Production ............................................................ 46 23 23 8

Transportation and material moving .................... 41 33 20 6

Full time ................................................................... 35 34 23 8

Part time .................................................................. 31 30 33 6

Union ....................................................................... 32 32 26 9

Nonunion ................................................................. 34 34 24 8

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 37 28 29 6

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 38 – 28 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 35 34 25 6

Third 25 percent ................................................... 35 36 22 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 32 34 24 10

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 31 38 20 11

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 43 27 21 8

Construction ......................................................... 62 30 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 42 28 21 9

Service-providing industries ..................................... 32 35 25 8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 35 38 20 6

Wholesale trade ............................................... 48 22 16 14

Retail trade ...................................................... 26 49 23 2

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 48 – – 4

Utilities ............................................................. – 59 – 14

Information ........................................................... 39 40 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 22 43 28 6

Finance and insurance .................................... 23 43 31 4

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 21 49 28 1

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 30 28 34 8

Professional and business services ..................... 28 31 27 14

Professional and technical services ................. 35 36 – –

Education and health services ............................. 34 28 29 8

Educational services ........................................ – 55 – 12

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – 60 23 –

Health care and social assistance ................... 36 26 30 8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Savings and thrift plans: Vesting requirements, private industry

workers, 2017—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Graded

vesting

Immediate

full vesting Cliff vesting Notdeterminable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 34 34 21 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 36 35 19 10

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 32 33 24 11

100 workers or more ................................................ 34 33 26 7

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 35 38 23 4

500 workers or more ............................................ 32 27 31 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 33 23 36 8

New England ....................................................... 41 27 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 31 22 38 9

South ....................................................................... 29 35 29 8

South Atlantic ....................................................... 28 39 26 6

East South Central ............................................... 25 – 30 –

West South Central .............................................. 32 29 33 6

Midwest .................................................................... 38 36 16 9

East North Central ............................................... 36 36 19 9

West North Central .............................................. 45 34 – –

West ......................................................................... 38 38 17 7

Mountain .............................................................. 41 31 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 37 41 15 6

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data

do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Vesting requirements,

private industry workers, 2017

Characteristics Graded

vesting

Immediate

full vesting Cliff vesting Notdeterminable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.1

Management, professional, and related .................. 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.0

Management, business, and financial ................. 4.4 3.7 1.9 2.9

Professional and related ...................................... 3.6 3.7 3.8 2.0

Service ..................................................................... 7.4 6.8 7.4 2.2

Protective service ................................................ – – 5.7 0.4

Sales and office ....................................................... 2.4 3.1 2.6 1.3

Sales and related ................................................. 3.3 3.7 2.8 0.9

Office and administrative support ........................ 3.0 3.8 3.3 1.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.6 3.1 3.8 2.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 6.4 6.8 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 3.9 3.9 4.9 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 2.8 3.6 2.9 1.3

Production ............................................................ 3.6 3.7 3.7 2.0

Transportation and material moving .................... 5.0 5.8 4.2 2.3

Full time ................................................................... 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.2

Part time .................................................................. 4.5 3.9 4.5 2.0

Union ....................................................................... 5.3 5.2 5.7 2.3

Nonunion ................................................................. 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.2

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 4.2 3.1 4.5 2.5

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 8.3 – 8.1 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 3.5 3.2 3.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................... 2.6 3.1 2.5 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 2.6 2.4 2.3 1.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 3.2 4.1 3.1 2.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 2.6 2.7 3.1 1.5

Construction ......................................................... 5.6 4.5 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 2.8 3.4 2.9 2.0

Service-providing industries ..................................... 2.4 2.3 1.8 1.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 2.8 3.1 2.2 1.8

Wholesale trade ............................................... 4.5 4.2 3.6 4.9

Retail trade ...................................................... 2.9 3.5 2.8 0.8

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 8.8 – – 4.1

Utilities ............................................................. – 7.8 – 6.3

Information ........................................................... 8.0 8.5 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 2.7 4.0 2.2 2.6

Finance and insurance .................................... 2.6 3.6 2.7 1.2

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 2.8 4.3 3.9 0.8

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 5.7 4.7 5.4 3.2

Professional and business services ..................... 6.1 5.1 4.7 3.4

Professional and technical services ................. 5.6 6.7 – –

Education and health services ............................. 6.0 6.9 5.8 3.3

Educational services ........................................ – 5.7 – 3.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – 6.1 6.3 –

Health care and social assistance ................... 6.5 7.6 6.3 3.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Vesting requirements,

private industry workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics Graded

vesting

Immediate

full vesting Cliff vesting Notdeterminable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 3.0 3.5 1.9 1.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 3.9 4.3 2.8 2.0

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 5.0 4.1 4.6 2.5

100 workers or more ................................................ 2.2 2.3 2.2 1.8

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 2.6 2.9 2.6 1.4

500 workers or more ............................................ 3.5 3.1 3.5 3.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 3.1 3.5 3.9 2.6

New England ....................................................... 10.1 7.3 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 3.1 3.8 4.2 3.2

South ....................................................................... 1.7 2.8 2.4 1.9

South Atlantic ....................................................... 1.8 3.2 3.0 2.1

East South Central ............................................... 6.6 – 2.9 –

West South Central .............................................. 3.0 4.4 5.4 2.7

Midwest .................................................................... 6.0 4.6 2.0 2.5

East North Central ............................................... 7.9 5.8 2.2 3.3

West North Central .............................................. 4.6 7.2 – –

West ......................................................................... 4.7 3.8 3.5 1.7

Mountain .............................................................. 9.0 7.7 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 5.5 4.2 4.2 1.8

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Savings and thrift plans: Availability of rollovers, withdrawals, and loans, private industry workers, 2017

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Rollovers allowed Non-hardship withdrawals1 allowed Loans allowed

Yes No Not

determinable Yes No Notdeterminable Yes No Notdeterminable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 83 2 15 12 68 19 71 11 18

Management, professional, and related .................. 80 – – – – – – – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 83 – – – – – – – –

Service ..................................................................... 85 – – 9 77 14 72 12 16

Protective service ................................................ 99 – 1 – 90 – 97 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 85 2 13 16 68 16 75 11 13

Sales and related ................................................. 90 – – 12 75 13 83 10 7

Office and administrative support ........................ 83 2 15 18 65 17 72 12 16

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 83 – – 15 67 18 – – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – 14 69 18 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 84 – – 16 66 18 77 7 16

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 84 2 15 9 75 16 73 11 16

Production ............................................................ 81 – – 10 71 19 72 12 16

Transportation and material moving .................... 87 – – 7 80 13 73 11 16

Full time ................................................................... 82 2 16 – – – 70 11 19

Part time .................................................................. 90 3 6 12 76 13 83 9 8

Union ....................................................................... 77 – – 15 69 16 73 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 83 2 15 – – – 71 11 18

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 87 3 10 9 77 15 78 10 12

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 85 – – – – – – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 84 2 14 8 76 17 75 11 14

Third 25 percent ................................................... 84 2 15 15 65 19 70 11 19

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 80 1 18 – – – – – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 82 – – – – – 71 10 19

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 83 – – – – – – – –

Construction ......................................................... 92 – 8 – 73 – 69 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 79 – – – – – – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 83 2 15 13 69 19 72 11 17

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 88 3 9 8 77 15 80 11 10

Wholesale trade ............................................... 86 – – – – – 78 – –

Retail trade ...................................................... 89 – – 9 80 11 81 14 5

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 91 – 9 – 72 – 78 – –

Utilities ............................................................. 78 – – – – – – – –

Information ........................................................... 92 – 8 – 69 – 83 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 89 – – 30 53 18 71 14 14

Finance and insurance .................................... 90 – – 33 50 17 76 11 13

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 92 – – 46 41 13 82 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 87 – – – – – 65 16 19

Professional and business services ..................... 84 – 16 – – – – – –

Education and health services:

Educational services:

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 59 – – – 76 – 70 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Savings and thrift plans: Availability of rollovers, withdrawals, and loans, private industry workers,

2017—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Rollovers allowed Non-hardship withdrawals1 allowed Loans allowed

Yes No Not

determinable Yes No Notdeterminable Yes No Notdeterminable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – – – 13 69 18 – – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – – – 11 71 19 68 12 19

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – – – 19 64 17 – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 85 3 12 – – – 72 11 17

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 85 2 12 – – – 68 13 18

500 workers or more ............................................ 85 – – 18 63 19 78 7 15

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 86 – – 16 70 14 79 7 13

New England ....................................................... 92 – – – 74 – 86 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 85 – – – 69 – 78 8 14

South ....................................................................... 84 – – – – – 69 11 19

South Atlantic ....................................................... 82 – – – – – 73 9 18

East South Central ............................................... 87 – – – – – 73 – –

West South Central .............................................. 85 – – 17 66 17 – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 82 – – – – – – – –

East North Central ............................................... 82 – – – – – – – –

West North Central .............................................. 81 – – – 76 – 74 14 13

West ......................................................................... 81 – – 11 70 19 75 8 17

Mountain .............................................................. – – – – 69 – 73 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 83 – – 10 71 19 76 – –

1 Hardship is defined as immediate and heavy financial need, such as insufficiency of resources for healthcare, education, and payments for primary residence. IRS allows plans to offer the

option of hardship withdrawals but does not impose such a requirement. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Availability of rollovers, withdrawals, and loans, private industry

workers, 2017

Characteristics

Rollovers allowed Non-hardship withdrawals1 allowed Loans allowed

Yes No Not

determinable Yes No Notdeterminable Yes No Notdeterminable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.6 0.3 1.7 1.3 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.6

Management, professional, and related .................. 2.7 – – – – – – – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 3.1 – – – – – – – –

Service ..................................................................... 3.8 – – 2.3 4.0 3.8 5.3 2.5 5.2

Protective service ................................................ 1.2 – 1.2 – 7.4 – 2.0 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 2.2 0.4 2.3 2.7 3.2 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.0

Sales and related ................................................. 1.7 – – 2.3 3.3 2.8 2.3 1.9 1.8

Office and administrative support ........................ 3.1 0.4 3.2 3.6 4.0 2.7 3.5 2.9 2.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.1 – – 2.8 3.9 3.0 – – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – 2.9 5.2 5.4 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 3.5 – – 3.8 4.9 3.2 4.0 2.2 3.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 2.5 0.5 2.5 1.8 2.6 2.6 3.2 2.1 3.1

Production ............................................................ 3.1 – – 3.1 3.2 3.9 3.9 2.7 3.8

Transportation and material moving .................... 4.9 – – 1.5 4.7 4.4 6.3 2.9 5.9

Full time ................................................................... 1.8 0.3 1.8 – – – 1.7 1.2 1.7

Part time .................................................................. 1.7 0.8 1.5 2.3 4.1 3.0 3.5 2.6 2.3

Union ....................................................................... 5.4 – – 3.4 5.0 4.4 5.0 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.7 0.3 1.7 – – – 1.6 1.2 1.7

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 2.7 0.6 2.5 2.0 3.9 3.5 2.8 2.2 3.5

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 6.0 – – – – – – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 2.4 0.5 2.4 0.9 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.4 2.0

Third 25 percent ................................................... 2.0 0.4 2.1 2.7 2.7 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 2.7 0.4 2.7 – – – – – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 3.4 – – – – – 3.7 2.4 3.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 2.2 – – – – – – – –

Construction ......................................................... 3.2 – 3.2 – 3.8 – 5.6 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 2.8 – – – – – – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 2.0 0.4 2.0 1.5 2.3 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 1.6 0.8 1.8 1.2 2.8 2.9 2.9 1.9 2.1

Wholesale trade ............................................... 3.5 – – – – – 5.3 – –

Retail trade ...................................................... 2.0 – – 2.0 3.4 3.0 3.2 2.4 2.0

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 5.0 – 5.0 – 6.9 – 8.9 – –

Utilities ............................................................. 7.0 – – – – – – – –

Information ........................................................... 2.9 – 2.9 – 6.4 – 8.0 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 2.7 – – 3.0 3.7 3.4 3.4 2.2 2.7

Finance and insurance .................................... 1.6 – – 2.9 3.0 2.1 3.0 1.9 2.0

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 1.8 – – 4.1 5.1 2.5 3.8 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 4.4 – – – – – 5.5 4.4 4.0

Professional and business services ..................... 4.2 – 4.2 – – – – – –

Education and health services:

Educational services:

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 7.4 – – – 5.5 – 5.7 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Availability of rollovers, withdrawals, and loans, private industry

workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics

Rollovers allowed Non-hardship withdrawals1 allowed Loans allowed

Yes No Not

determinable Yes No Notdeterminable Yes No Notdeterminable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – – – 2.0 3.0 2.2 – – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – – – 1.6 3.2 2.7 3.8 3.4 3.4

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – – – 5.0 4.8 3.3 – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.6 0.5 1.5 – – – 2.0 1.2 2.0

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 2.0 0.6 2.0 – – – 2.3 1.9 2.4

500 workers or more ............................................ 2.3 – – 2.5 4.3 3.9 4.1 1.3 3.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 2.4 – – 4.6 5.4 2.7 3.6 1.4 2.7

New England ....................................................... 2.9 – – – 6.1 – 7.2 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 3.0 – – – 6.5 – 4.2 1.6 3.0

South ....................................................................... 2.6 – – – – – 2.6 1.7 2.8

South Atlantic ....................................................... 3.5 – – – – – 3.4 1.9 3.7

East South Central ............................................... 4.4 – – – – – 4.2 – –

West South Central .............................................. 5.2 – – 3.4 7.8 5.5 – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 2.5 – – – – – – – –

East North Central ............................................... 3.1 – – – – – – – –

West North Central .............................................. 3.8 – – – 6.1 – 3.8 4.1 4.0

West ......................................................................... 5.0 – – 2.1 4.1 3.5 3.4 2.4 4.3

Mountain .............................................................. – – – – 6.8 – 8.1 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 5.1 – – 1.9 5.1 4.6 3.1 – –

1 Hardship is defined as immediate and heavy financial need, such as insufficiency of resources for healthcare, education, and payments for primary residence. IRS allows plans to offer the

option of hardship withdrawals but does not impose such a requirement. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Savings and thrift plans: Methods of retirement benefits distribution,1

 private

industry workers, 2017

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Lump sum Annuity Installments Other2 Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 86 12 38 4 13

Management, professional, and related .................. 83 18 35 3 16

Management, business, and financial ................. 86 12 33 4 13

Professional and related ...................................... 81 23 36 – 18

Service ..................................................................... 90 10 34 – 9

Protective service ................................................ 98 – – – 1

Sales and office ....................................................... 88 8 39 7 11

Sales and related ................................................. 91 7 34 11 8

Office and administrative support ........................ 87 9 42 5 12

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 84 11 40 – 16

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 83 – 31 – 17

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 84 13 44 – 15

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 88 6 43 2 12

Production ............................................................ 81 6 37 – 19

Transportation and material moving .................... – – 51 – –

Full time ................................................................... 85 12 38 3 14

Part time .................................................................. 93 11 40 – 7

Union ....................................................................... 88 16 48 – 12

Nonunion ................................................................. 86 12 37 4 13

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 93 – 38 – 7

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... – – 37 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 88 8 34 4 12

Third 25 percent ................................................... 85 12 40 3 14

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 84 17 39 4 16

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 84 19 39 4 15

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 82 9 40 – 18

Construction ......................................................... 92 – 28 – 8

Service-providing industries ..................................... 87 13 37 5 12

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 92 6 38 – 8

Wholesale trade ............................................... 93 – 41 – 7

Retail trade ...................................................... 93 – 29 – 7

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 93 – 54 – 7

Information ........................................................... 93 – 39 – 7

Financial activities ................................................ 89 14 42 15 8

Finance and insurance .................................... 90 15 43 16 8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Savings and thrift plans: Methods of retirement benefits distribution,1

 private

industry workers, 2017—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Lump sum Annuity Installments Other2 Not

determinable

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 91 16 48 – 8

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 88 15 39 – 10

Professional and business services ..................... 84 – 37 – 16

Education and health services ............................. 81 26 32 – 18

Educational services ........................................ 78 46 44 – 18

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 79 59 56 – 15

Health care and social assistance ................... 81 24 31 – 18

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 80 7 30 3 19

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 81 8 27 2 19

100 workers or more ................................................ 90 15 43 5 10

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 90 14 39 5 10

500 workers or more ............................................ 89 16 48 4 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 92 14 45 – 7

New England ....................................................... 96 – 41 – 2

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 91 13 46 – 8

South ....................................................................... 86 11 38 5 14

South Atlantic ....................................................... 83 – 36 7 17

East South Central ............................................... 89 – 31 – 11

West South Central .............................................. 91 8 45 – 9

Midwest .................................................................... 83 8 35 – 16

East North Central ............................................... 83 8 30 – 16

West North Central .............................................. 83 9 49 – 17

West ......................................................................... 85 16 35 – 14

Pacific .................................................................. 88 19 34 – 11

1 Sum of individual items may be greater than total because multiple methods of distribution are available to some employees. 2 Includes methods of distribution not calculated separately (e.g., employer stock). 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Methods of retirement benefits

distribution,1

 private industry workers, 2017

Characteristics Lump sum Annuity Installments Other2 Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.4 1.3 1.8 0.5 1.5

Management, professional, and related .................. 2.5 2.7 2.7 0.5 2.4

Management, business, and financial ................. 2.5 2.1 3.9 0.9 2.4

Professional and related ...................................... 3.8 3.8 3.2 – 3.8

Service ..................................................................... 3.3 2.3 7.4 – 3.3

Protective service ................................................ 1.6 – – – 1.3

Sales and office ....................................................... 1.8 1.0 2.4 1.1 1.8

Sales and related ................................................. 1.6 1.9 3.7 2.2 1.5

Office and administrative support ........................ 2.2 1.2 3.8 1.0 2.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.8 2.2 3.6 – 2.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 5.3 – 5.7 – 5.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 3.7 3.1 4.7 – 3.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 1.4 1.5 3.4 0.5 1.4

Production ............................................................ 2.2 1.8 3.2 – 2.2

Transportation and material moving .................... – – 6.4 – –

Full time ................................................................... 1.5 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.5

Part time .................................................................. 1.7 2.6 4.1 – 1.7

Union ....................................................................... 4.1 3.6 5.1 – 4.1

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.5 1.3 1.8 0.5 1.6

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 1.6 – 4.3 – 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... – – 8.0 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 2.2 1.3 2.9 0.7 2.2

Third 25 percent ................................................... 1.6 1.4 3.5 0.6 1.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 2.3 2.6 2.6 0.7 2.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 2.7 4.6 3.7 1.0 2.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 2.1 1.3 3.0 – 2.1

Construction ......................................................... 3.1 – 4.2 – 3.1

Service-providing industries ..................................... 1.7 1.6 2.2 0.6 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 1.3 1.6 3.9 – 1.3

Wholesale trade ............................................... 2.6 – 9.2 – 2.6

Retail trade ...................................................... 1.9 – 3.5 – 1.9

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 4.5 – 9.1 – 4.5

Information ........................................................... 2.7 – 7.7 – 2.7

Financial activities ................................................ 2.1 1.5 3.5 2.9 1.9

Finance and insurance .................................... 1.9 1.9 4.1 2.8 1.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Methods of retirement benefits

distribution,1

 private industry workers, 2017—continued

Characteristics Lump sum Annuity Installments Other2 Not

determinable

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 2.0 3.1 5.1 – 1.9

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 4.0 3.5 5.1 – 3.7

Professional and business services ..................... 3.7 – 4.4 – 3.7

Education and health services ............................. 5.8 4.7 5.3 – 6.0

Educational services ........................................ 8.5 6.6 6.3 – 7.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 6.1 7.6 7.1 – 4.9

Health care and social assistance ................... 6.3 5.1 5.7 – 6.5

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 2.6 1.0 3.9 0.6 2.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 3.5 1.4 4.6 0.4 3.5

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.4 2.1 2.1 0.7 1.4

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 1.7 3.2 3.7 0.9 1.7

500 workers or more ............................................ 2.4 1.8 3.5 1.0 2.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 2.5 2.0 4.1 – 2.4

New England ....................................................... 2.3 – 9.0 – 1.8

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 3.1 1.9 4.6 – 3.0

South ....................................................................... 2.5 2.9 2.8 0.9 2.6

South Atlantic ....................................................... 4.4 – 4.2 1.4 4.5

East South Central ............................................... 2.6 – 4.4 – 2.6

West South Central .............................................. 1.8 1.3 4.6 – 1.8

Midwest .................................................................... 2.3 1.6 4.3 – 2.4

East North Central ............................................... 2.9 2.1 5.1 – 3.0

West North Central .............................................. 3.5 1.6 4.3 – 3.5

West ......................................................................... 3.8 3.2 3.4 – 3.8

Pacific .................................................................. 3.4 4.4 2.5 – 3.3

1 Other methods of distribution not shown separately. 2 Includes methods of distribution not calculated separately (e.g., employer stock). 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2017."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Appendix table 1. Survey establishment response, private

industry, 2017

Establishments Number of

establishments

Total in sampling frame1 ........................................................ 6,228,426

 Total in sample .................................................................... 3,354

 Responding2 ...................................................................... 2,261

 Refused3 ............................................................................ 879

 Out of business or not in survey scope .............................. 214

1 The sampling frame was developed from state unemployment insurance reports and is

based on the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). With some

minor exceptions, an establishment is a single economic unit that engages in one, or

predominantly one, type of economic activity. For private industries, an establishment is

usually a single physical location. 2 Establishments that provided data at the initial interview. 3 Establishments that did not provide data at the initial interview. Data for establishments

not responding at the time of update interviews are imputed. For information on nonresponse

adjustment and imputation, see “National Compensation Measures,” BLS Handbook of

Methods available at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Appendix table 2. Number of workers represented, private

industry, 2017

Occupational group1 Estimated number

of workers2

All workers ............................................................................. 116,512,100

Management, professional, and related ............................ 32,193,200

Management, business, and financial ........................... 12,064,600

Professional and related ................................................ 20,128,600

Service ............................................................................... 25,275,400

Protective service .......................................................... 1,690,500

Sales and office ................................................................. 30,324,000

Sales and related ........................................................... 11,702,400

Office and administrative support .................................. 18,621,700

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ........... 10,265,700

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry .. 5,033,700

Installation, maintenance, and repair ............................. 5,232,000

Production, transportation, and material moving ............... 18,453,700

Production ...................................................................... 8,849,900

Transportation and material moving .............................. 9,603,800

1 The 2010 Standard Occupational Classification system is used to classify workers. 2 The numbers of workers represented by the survey are rounded to the nearest 100.

Estimates of the number of workers provide a description of the size and composition of the

labor force included in the survey. Estimates are not intended, however, for comparison to

other statistical series to measure employment trends or levels.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Technical Note

Interpreting the estimates

Most estimates of detailed benefit provisions are expressed in terms of the percentage of workers 

participating in a particular benefit plan or the percentage covered by a specific provision. Some 

estimates, however, provide values other than percentages of workers, such as the median age 

requirement for early retirement in a traditional defined benefit retirement plan or the median annual 

family deductible amount for medical care plans. 

Some estimates are classified as "not determinable." Situations that result in this classification can vary. 

In detailed provisions of employer-sponsored health and retirement plans, the "not determinable" 

classification is used when no information on a particular plan feature is available from the Summary Plan 

Description (SPD). The SPD is used as a primary source of information on the provisions of health and 

retirement plans. For example, a SPD may indicate that employees have a choice of investment options 

for employer contributions to a savings and thrift plan but the investment options are not listed. In this 

case, investment choice would be classified as existing but not determinable. If the SPD does not indicate 

whether investment choices are available to employees for employer contributions then investment 

choice is classified as not determinable. 

Estimates by worker average wage are grouped into six wage categories: the lowest 10 percent, the 

lowest 25 percent, the second 25 percent, the third 25 percent, the highest 25 percent, and the highest 

10 percent. The categories use percentile values based on unpublished March 2017 wages and salaries 

from the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation.

Percentiles are computed using average hourly earnings from sampled occupations within an 

establishment. Establishments in the survey are asked to report only individual worker earnings and 

scheduled hours of work for each sampled job. For the calculation of the percentile values, the individual 

worker hourly wages are weighted and arrayed from lowest to highest. The values corresponding to the 

percentiles are:

50

(median)

Private industry workers $9.79 $12.25 $18.16 $29.44 $46.10 

Characteristics

Average hourly wage percentiles

10 25 75 90
The lowest 10- and 25-percent wage categories include those occupations with an average hourly wage 

less than the 10th percentile value and 25th percentile value, respectively. The second 25-percent 

category includes those occupations that make at or above the 25th percentile value but less than the 

50th percentile value. The third 25-percent category includes those occupations that make at or above 

the 50th percentile value but less than the 75th percentile value. Finally, the highest 25- and 10-percent 

wage categories include those occupations with an average hourly wage greater than or equal to the 

75th percentile value and 90th percentile value, respectively.

(Note: Individual workers can fall into a wage category different from the average for the occupation into 

which they are classified because average hourly wages for the occupation are used to produce the 

benefit estimates.)

Interpreting the tables

All estimates shown in the table are based on the set of workers specified underneath the table title and 

on any subsets indicated by column headers. For example, the statement may indicate that "All workers 

participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent" or "All workers participating in medical 

care plans = 100 percent." Estimates in the non-shaded columns generally indicate percentages of 

workers. Estimates in shaded columns measure values other than the percentage of workers. 

Sample size

See appendix table 1.

Survey scope

See appendix table 2. Excluded from the survey are workers employed in federal and quasi-federal 

agencies, military personnel, agricultural workers, volunteers, unpaid workers, individuals receiving longterm disability compensation, and those working overseas. In addition, private industry excludes workers 

in private households, the self-employed, workers who set their own pay (e.g., proprietors, owners, 

major stockholders, and partners in unincorporated firms), and family members paid token wages.

Survey methods

For technical information on survey methods, see "National Compensation Measures," in the BLS 

Handbook of Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm. The Concepts section of the Handbook

provides definitions for worker and establishment characteristics, including geographic areas. For 

definitions of benefit terms, see the Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms at 

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm. 
Additional information

For BLS research articles on employee benefits, see the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr, 

Beyond the Numbers: Pay and Benefits at www.bls.gov/opub/btn, and The Economics Daily at 

www.bls.gov/opub/ted.