For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, June 19, 2019 USDL-19-1003 

Technical information: (202) 691-6339 • atusinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/tus 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY — 2018 RESULTS

In 2018, 89 percent of full-time employed persons worked on an average weekday, compared with 31 

percent on an average weekend day, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Full-time 

employed persons averaged 8.5 hours of work time on weekdays they worked, and 5.4 hours on 

weekend days they worked. Multiple jobholders were more likely to work on an average weekend day 

than were single jobholders—56 percent, compared with 28 percent.

These and other results from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) were released today. These data 

include the average amount of time per day in 2018 that individuals worked, did household activities, 

and engaged in leisure and sports activities. Additionally, measures of the average time per day spent 

providing childcare—both as a primary (or main) activity and while doing other things—for the 

combined years 2014-18 are provided. For a detailed description of ATUS data and methodology, see 

the Technical Note. 

Working (by Employed Persons) in 2018 

• Many more full-time employed persons worked on weekdays than on weekend days: 89 percent 

worked on an average weekday, compared with 31 percent on an average weekend day. (See 

table 4.) 

• Multiple jobholders were more likely to work on an average weekday than were single 

jobholders—90 percent, compared with 82 percent. They were also more likely to work on an 

average weekend day—56 percent, compared with 28 percent. (See table 4.)

• On days they worked, 82 percent of employed persons did some or all of their work at their 

workplace and 24 percent did some or all of their work at home. Employed persons spent more 

time working at the workplace than at home—7.9 hours, compared with 2.9 hours. (See table 6.) 

• Among workers age 25 and over, those with an advanced degree were more likely to work at 

home than were persons with lower levels of educational attainment—42 percent of those with 

an advanced degree performed some work at home on days worked, compared with 12 percent of 

those with a high school diploma and no college. Workers with an advanced degree also were 

more likely to work on an average day than were those with only a high school diploma—74 

percent, compared with 65 percent. (See table 6.)
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• On days they worked in 2003, 19 percent of employed workers spent some time working while 

at home. The share of employed workers performing work at home rose to 24 percent in 2009, 

and remained relatively flat from 2009 to 2018. (See table 6.) 

• On the days they worked, employed men worked 34 minutes more than employed women. This 

difference partly reflects women's greater likelihood of working part time. However, even among 

full-time workers (those usually working 35 hours or more per week), men worked more per day

than women—8.2 hours, compared with 7.9 hours. (See table 4.) 

Household Activities in 2018 

• On an average day, 84 percent of women and 69 percent of men spent some time doing 

household activities, such as housework, cooking, lawn care, or household management. (See 

table 1.) 

• On the days they did household activities, women spent an average of 2.6 hours on these

activities, while men spent 2.0 hours. (See table 1.)

• On an average day, 20 percent of men did housework—such as cleaning or laundry—compared 

with 49 percent of women. Forty-six percent of men did food preparation or cleanup, compared 

with 69 percent of women. Men were slightly more likely to engage in lawn and garden care than 

were women—11 percent, compared with 7 percent. (See table 1.)

• From 2003 to 2018, the share of men doing food preparation and cleanup on an average day 

increased from 35 percent to 46 percent. (See table 1.) 

Leisure Activities in 2018 

• On an average day, nearly everyone age 15 and over (96 percent) engaged in some sort of 

leisure activity, such as watching TV, socializing, or exercising. Men spent 49 minutes per day 

more in these activities than did women (5.7 hours, compared with 4.9 hours). (See table 1.) 

• On average, adults age 75 and over spent 7.8 hours engaged in leisure activities per day—more 

than any other age group; 25- to 44-year-olds spent a little over 4.0 hours engaged in leisure and 

sports activities per day—less than other age groups. (See table 11A.) 

• Watching TV was the leisure activity that occupied the most time (2.8 hours per day),

accounting for just over half of all leisure time, on average. (See table 11A.) 

• Socializing and communicating, such as visiting with friends or attending or hosting social 

events, accounted for an average of 38 minutes per day, and was the next most common leisure 

activity after watching TV. Individuals spent about twice as much time socializing on weekend 

days (59 minutes) as on weekdays (29 minutes). (See tables 11A and 11B.) 

• Time spent reading for personal interest varied greatly by age. Individuals age 75 and over 

averaged 48 minutes of reading per day whereas individuals ages 15 to 54 read on average for

10 minutes or less per day. (See table 11A.) 
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• On average, persons ages 15 to 24 spent the most time playing games or using a computer for 

leisure—about one hour per day. (See table 11A.) 

• Men were more likely than women to participate in sports, exercise, or recreation on any given 

day—21 percent, compared with 17 percent. On days that they participated, men also spent 

more time doing these activities than did women—1.7 hours, compared with 1.3 hours. (See 

table 1.) 

Care of Household Children for the period 2014-18 

• Adults living in households with children under age 6 spent an average of 2.1 hours per day 

providing primary childcare to household children. Adults living in households where the 

youngest child was between the ages of 6 and 17 spent less than half as much time providing 

primary childcare to household children—50 minutes per day. Primary childcare is childcare

that is done as a main activity, such as providing physical care or reading to children. (See 

table 9.) 

• On an average day, among adults living in households with children under age 6, women spent 

1.1 hours providing physical care (such as bathing or feeding a child) to household children; by 

contrast, men spent 26 minutes providing physical care. (See table 9.) 

• Among adults living with children under age 6, those who were not employed spent over an hour 

more per day caring for and helping household children than did employed adults—2.8 hours 

versus 1.7 hours. (See tables 8B and 8C.) 

• Adults living in households with at least one child under age 6 spent an average of 5.4 hours per 

day providing secondary childcare—that is, they had at least one child in their care while doing 

activities other than primary childcare. Secondary childcare provided by adults living in 

households with children under age 6 was most commonly provided while doing leisure 

activities (2.0 hours) or household activities (1.4 hours). (See table 10.) 

• Adults living in households with children under age 6 spent more time providing primary 

childcare on an average weekday (2.2 hours) than on an average weekend day (2.0 hours). 

However, they spent less time providing secondary childcare on weekdays than on weekend 

days—4.4 hours, compared with 7.6 hours. (See tables 9 and 10.) 

Additional Data 

ATUS 2018 data files are available for users to do their own tabulations and analyses. In accordance 

with BLS and Census Bureau policies that protect the privacy of survey respondents, identifying 

information does not appear on the data files. The 2018 data files are available on the BLS website at 

www.bls.gov/tus/data.htm. 
Technical Note

The estimates in this news release are based on annual 

average data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). 

The ATUS, which is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau 

for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a continuous 

survey about how individuals age 15 and over spend their 

time.

Information in this news release will be made available 

to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Survey methodology

Data collection for the ATUS began in January 2003. 

Sample cases for the survey are selected monthly, and 

interviews are conducted continuously throughout the year. 

In 2018, approximately 9,600 individuals were interviewed. 

Estimates are released annually.

ATUS sample households are chosen from the 

households that completed their eighth (final) interview for 

the Current Population Survey (CPS), the nation’s monthly 

household labor force survey. ATUS sample households are 

selected to ensure that estimates will be nationally 

representative.

One individual age 15 or over is randomly chosen from 

each sampled household. This "designated person" is 

interviewed by telephone once about his or her activities on 

the day before the interview—the "diary day."

All ATUS interviews are conducted using Computer 

Assisted Telephone Interviewing. Procedures are in place to 

collect information from the small number of households that 

did not provide a telephone number during the CPS 

interview.

ATUS designated persons are preassigned a day of the 

week about which to report. Preassignment is designed to 

reduce variability in response rates across the week and to 

allow oversampling of weekend days so that accurate 

weekend day measures can be developed. Interviews occur 

on the day following the assigned day. For example, a person 

assigned to report about a Monday would be contacted on the 

following Tuesday. Ten percent of designated persons are 

assigned to report about each of the five weekdays. Twentyfive percent are assigned to report about each weekend day. 

Households are called for up to 8 consecutive weeks (for 

example, 8 Tuesdays) in order to secure an interview.

About the questionnaire

In the time diary portion of the ATUS interview, survey 

respondents sequentially report activities they did between 4 

a.m. on the day before the interview until 4 a.m. on the day 

of the interview. For each activity, respondents are asked 

how long the activity lasted. For activities other than 

personal care activities (such as sleeping and grooming), 

interviewers also ask respondents where they were and who 

was in the room with them (if at home) or who accompanied 

them (if away from home). If respondents report doing more 

than one activity at a time, they are asked to identify which 

one was the "main" (primary) activity. If none can be 

identified, then the interviewer records the first activity 

mentioned. After completing the time diary, interviewers ask 

respondents additional questions to clearly identify work, 

volunteering, eldercare, and secondary childcare activities.

Secondary childcare is defined as having a child under age 

13 in one’s care while doing other activities.

In addition, the ATUS includes an update of the 

household composition from the last CPS interview (2 to 5 

months prior to the ATUS interview), the labor force status 

of the respondent, and the employment status of his or her 

spouse or unmarried partner. For respondents who became 

employed or changed jobs between the last CPS interview 

and the ATUS interview, information also is collected on 

industry, occupation, class of worker, and earnings. Finally, 

a question about current school enrollment status is asked of 

all respondents ages 15 to 49.

After completing the interview, primary activity 

descriptions are assigned a single 6-digit code using the 

ATUS Coding Lexicon. The 3-tier coding system consists of 

17 major activity categories, each with multiple second- and 

third-tier subcategories. These coding lexicon categories are 

then combined into composite categories for publication, 

such as in this news release. Descriptions of categories 

shown in this release can be found in the Major activity 

category definitions section of this Technical Note. The 

ATUS Coding Lexicon can be accessed at

www.bls.gov/tus/lexicons.htm.

Because of the complexity of coding everyday 

activities into narrowly-defined lexicon categories, coders 

use a comprehensive set of rules to guide their decisions. In 

order to capture useful and detailed information, travel 

activities are coded according to the purpose of travel. For 

more information about coding travel, see Exhibit 5.1 of the 

ATUS User’s guide at www.bls.gov/tus/atususersguide.pdf. 

Concepts and definitions

Average day. The average day measure reflects an 

average distribution across all persons in the reference 

population and all days of the week. The ATUS collects data 

about daily activities from all segments of the population age 

15 and over, including persons who are employed and not 

employed. Activity profiles differ based upon age, 

employment status, sex, and other characteristics. For 

example, in 2018, persons in the United States age 15 and 

over spent 3.2 hours per day working. By comparison, on an 

average weekday they worked, full-time employed persons 

spent 8.5 hours working. Many activities typically are not 

done on a daily basis, and some activities only are done by a 

subset of the population.

Average hours per day. The average number of hours 

spent in a 24-hour day (between 4 a.m. on the diary day and 

4 a.m. on the interview day) doing a specified activity.

• Average hours per day, population. The average 

number of hours per day is computed using all 

responses from a given sample of the population,

including those of respondents who did not do a 
particular activity on their diary day. These 

estimates reflect how many persons engaged in an 

activity and the amount of time they spent doing it.

• Average hours per day, persons who did the 

activity. The average number of hours per day is 

computed using only responses from those who 

engaged in a particular activity on their diary day.

Diary day. The diary day is the day about which the 

respondent reports. For example, the diary day of a 

respondent interviewed on Tuesday is the preceding 

Monday.

Earnings

• Usual weekly earnings. Estimates represent the 

earnings of full-time wage and salary workers with 

one job only (both incorporated and unincorporated 

self-employed are excluded), before taxes and other 

deductions. They include any overtime pay, 

commissions, or tips usually received. Usual 

weekly earnings are updated in the ATUS for just 

over one-third of wage and salary workers—if the 

respondent changed jobs or employment status 

between the CPS and ATUS interviews, or if the 

CPS weekly earnings value was imputed. This 

means that the earnings information could be out of 

date because the CPS interview was done 2 to 5 

months prior to the ATUS interview. Respondents 

are asked to identify the easiest way for them to 

report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice 

monthly, annually, or other) and how much they 

usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings 

reported on a basis other than weekly are converted 

to a weekly equivalent. The term "usual" is as 

perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks 

for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed 

to define the term as more than half the weeks 

worked during the past 4 or 5 months.

• Weekly earnings ranges. The ranges used represent 

approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and 

salary workers (both incorporated and 

unincorporated self-employed are excluded) who 

held only one job. For example, 25 percent of fulltime wage and salary workers with one job only had 

weekly earnings of $630 or less in 2018. These 

dollar values vary from year to year.

Employment status

• Employed. All persons who:

1) At any time during the 7 days prior to the 

interview did any work at all as paid employees, or

worked in their own business or profession or on 

their own farm; or 

2) Were not working during the 7 days prior to the 

interview but had jobs or businesses from which 

they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, childcare problems, labormanagement disputes, maternity or paternity leave, 

job training, or other family or personal reasons, 

whether or not they were paid for the time off or 

were seeking other jobs; or

3) Usually worked 15 hours or more as unpaid 

workers in a family-operated enterprise.

• Employed full time. Full-time workers are those

who usually worked 35 or more hours per week at 

all jobs combined.

• Employed part time. Part-time workers are those 

who usually worked fewer than 35 hours per week 

at all jobs combined.

• Not employed. Persons are not employed if they do 

not meet the conditions for employment. Those who 

are not employed include individuals classified as 

unemployed as well as those classified as not in the 

labor force (using CPS definitions).

The numbers of employed and not employed persons in 

this release do not correspond to published totals from the 

CPS for several reasons. First, the reference population for 

the ATUS is age 15 years and over, whereas it is age 16 years 

and over for the CPS. Second, ATUS data are collected 

continuously, the employment reference period being the 7 

days prior to the interview. By contrast, CPS data are usually 

collected during the week including the 19th of the month 

and generally refer to employment during the week 

containing the 12th of the month. Finally, the CPS accepts 

answers from household members about other household 

members whereas such proxy responses are not allowed in 

the ATUS. One consequence of the difference in proxy 

reporting is that a significantly higher proportion of 

teenagers report employment in the ATUS than in the CPS. 

While the information on employment from the ATUS is 

useful for assessing work in the context of other daily 

activities, the employment data are not intended for analysis 

of current employment trends. Compared with the CPS and 

other estimates of employment, the ATUS estimates are 

based on a much smaller sample and are only available with 

a substantial lag since ATUS data and estimates are 

published during the year following data collection.

Household children. Household children are children 

under age 18 residing in the household of the ATUS 

respondent. The children may be related to the respondent 

(such as his or her own children, grandchildren, nieces or 

nephews, or brothers or sisters) or not related (such as foster 

children or children of roommates or boarders).

Primary activity. A primary activity is the main activity 

a respondent was doing at a specified time. With the 
exception of secondary childcare in table 10, the estimates 

presented in this release reflect time spent in primary

activities only.

Secondary activities. A secondary (or simultaneous) 

activity is an activity done at the same time as a primary 

activity. With the exception of the care of children under age 

13, information on secondary activities is not collected in the 

ATUS.

Secondary childcare. Secondary childcare is care for 

children under age 13 that is done while doing an activity 

other than primary childcare, such as cooking dinner. 

Secondary childcare estimates are derived by summing the 

durations of activities during which respondents had at least 

one child under age 13 in their care while doing other things. 

The time individuals spend providing secondary childcare is 

further restricted to the time between when the first 

household child under age 13 woke up and when the last 

household child under age 13 went to bed. It is also restricted 

to times the respondent was awake. If respondents report 

providing both primary and secondary care at the same time, 

the time is attributed to primary care only.

Weekday, weekend, and holiday estimates. Estimates 

for weekdays are an average of reports about Monday 

through Friday, excluding holidays. Estimates for weekend 

days and holidays are an average of reports about Saturdays, 

Sundays, and the following holidays: New Year’s Day, 

Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, 

Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. Data were not 

collected about Christmas Day in 2014 and 2016, and New 

Year’s Day in 2017. 

Major activity category definitions 

The following definitions describe the activity 

categories shown in this report. All major time-use 

categories in this release include related travel time and

waiting time. For example, time spent "driving to the 

stadium" and time spent "waiting to get into the stadium to 

play ball" are included in Leisure and sports. 

Personal care activities. Personal care activities 

include sleeping, grooming (such as bathing or dressing), 

health-related self-care, and personal or private activities. 

Receiving unpaid personal care from others (for example, 

"my sister put polish on my nails") also is captured in this 

category. In general, respondents are not asked who they

were with or where they were for personal care activities, as 

such information can be sensitive.

Eating and drinking. All time spent eating or drinking 

(except eating and drinking done as part of a work or 

volunteer activity), whether alone, with others, at home, at a 

place of purchase, or somewhere else, is classified here.

Household activities. Household activities are activities 

done by individuals to maintain their households. These 

include housework; cooking; lawn and garden care; pet care; 

vehicle maintenance and repair; home maintenance, repair, 

decoration, and renovation; and household management and 

organizational activities (such as filling out paperwork or 

planning a party). Food preparation, whether or not reported 

as done specifically for another household member, is 

always classified as a household activity unless it was done 

as a volunteer, work, or income-generating activity. For 

example, "making breakfast for my son" is coded as a 

household activity, not as childcare.

Purchasing goods and services. This category includes 

time spent purchasing consumer goods, professional and 

personal care services, household services, and government 

services. Consumer purchases include most purchases and 

rentals of consumer goods, regardless of the mode or place 

of purchase or rental (in person, online, via telephone, at 

home, or in a store). Gasoline, grocery, other food purchases, 

and all other shopping are further broken out in

subcategories.

Time spent obtaining, receiving, and purchasing 

professional and personal care services provided by someone 

else also is classified in this category. Professional services 

include childcare, financial services and banking, legal 

services, medical and adult care services, real estate services, 

and veterinary services. Personal care services include day 

spas, hair salons and barbershops, nail salons, and tanning 

salons. Activities classified here include time spent paying,

meeting with, or talking to service providers, as well as time 

spent receiving the service or waiting to receive the service.

Time spent arranging for and purchasing household 

services provided by someone else also is classified here. 

Household services include housecleaning; cooking; lawn 

care and landscaping; pet care; tailoring, laundering, and dry 

cleaning; vehicle maintenance and repairs; and home repairs, 

maintenance, and construction.

This category also captures the time spent obtaining 

government services—such as applying for food assistance 

and purchasing government-required licenses or paying fines 

or fees.

Caring for and helping household members. Time 

spent doing activities to care for or help any child (under age 

18) or adult in the household, regardless of relationship to the 

respondent or the physical or mental health status of the 

person being helped, is classified here. Caring for and 

helping activities for household children and adults are coded 

separately in subcategories.

Primary childcare activities include time spent 

providing physical care; playing with children; reading with

children; assistance with homework; attending children's 

events; taking care of children's health needs; and dropping 

off, picking up, and waiting for children. Passive childcare 

done as a primary activity (such as "keeping an eye on my 

son while he swam in the pool") also is included. A child's

presence during the activity is not enough in itself to classify 

the activity as childcare. For example, "watching television 

with my child" is coded as a leisure activity, not as childcare.

Secondary childcare occurs when persons have a child 

under age 13 ′′in their care" while doing activities other than 
primary childcare. For a complete definition, see the 

Concepts and definitions section of this Technical Note.

Caring for and helping household members also 

includes a range of activities done to benefit adult members 

of households, such as providing physical and medical care 

or obtaining medical services. Doing something as a favor 

for or helping another household adult does not 

automatically result in classification as a helping activity. 

For example, a report of "helping my spouse cook dinner" is 

considered a household activity (food preparation), not a 

helping activity, because cooking dinner benefits the 

household as a whole. By contrast, doing paperwork for 

another person usually benefits the individual, so a report of 

"filling out an insurance application for my spouse" is

considered a helping activity.

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members. This 

category includes time spent in activities done to care for or 

help others—both children (under age 18) and adults—who 

do not live in the household. When done for or through an 

organization, time spent helping nonhousehold members is 

classified as volunteering, rather than as helping 

nonhousehold members. Care of nonhousehold children,

even when done as a favor or helping activity for another 

adult, is always classified as caring for and helping 

nonhousehold children, not as helping another adult.

Working and work-related activities. This category 

includes time spent working, doing activities as part of one's 

job, engaging in income-generating activities not as part of 

one's job, and job search activities. "Working" includes hours 

spent doing the specific tasks required of one's main or other 

job, regardless of location or time of day. "Work-related 

activities" include activities that are not obviously work but 

are done as part of one's job, such as having a business lunch 

and playing golf with clients. "Other income-generating 

activities" are those done "on the side" or under informal 

arrangement and are not part of a regular job. Such activities 

might include selling homemade crafts, maintaining a rental 

property, or having a yard sale. These activities are those for 

which individuals are paid or will be paid. 

Travel time related to working and work-related 

activities includes time spent traveling to and from work, as 

well as time spent traveling for work-related, incomegenerating, and job search activities. 

Educational activities. Time spent taking classes for a 

degree or for personal interest (including taking internet or

other distance-learning courses), time spent doing research 

and homework, and time spent taking care of administrative 

tasks related to education (such as registering for classes or 

obtaining a school ID) are included in this category. For high 

school students, before- and after-school extracurricular 

activities (except sports) also are classified as educational 

activities. Educational activities do not include time spent for 

classes or training received as part of a job. Time spent 

helping others with their education-related activities is 

classified as an activity involving caring for and helping 

others. 

Organizational, civic, and religious activities. This 

category captures time spent volunteering for or through an 

organization, performing civic obligations, and participating 

in religious and spiritual activities. Civic obligations include 

government-required duties, such as serving jury duty or 

appearing in court, and activities that assist or influence 

government processes, such as voting or attending town hall 

meetings. Religious activities include those normally 

associated with membership in or identification with specific 

religions or denominations, such as attending religious

services; participating in choirs, youth groups, orchestras, or 

unpaid teaching (unless identified as volunteer activities); 

and engaging in personal religious practices, such as praying.

Leisure and sports. The leisure and sports category 

includes time spent in sports, exercise, and recreation; 

socializing and communicating; and other leisure activities. 

Sports, exercise, and recreation activities include 

participating in—as well as attending or watching—sports,

exercise, and recreational activities. Recreational activities 

include yard games like croquet or horseshoes, as well as 

activities like billiards and dancing. Socializing and 

communicating includes face-to-face social communication 

and hosting or attending social functions. Leisure activities 

include watching television; reading; relaxing or thinking; 

playing computer, board, or card games; using a computer or

the internet for personal interest; playing or listening to 

music; and other activities, such as attending arts, cultural, 

and entertainment events.

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail. This category 

captures time spent in telephone communication and 

household or personal mail or e-mail. This category also 

includes texting and internet voice and video calling. 

Telephone and internet purchases are classified in 

Purchasing goods and services. Telephone calls, mail, or email identified as related to work or volunteering are 

classified as work or volunteering.

Other activities, not elsewhere classified. This residual 

category includes security procedures related to traveling, 

traveling not associated with a specific activity category,

ambiguous activities that could not be coded, and missing 

activities. Missing activities result when respondents did not 

remember what they did for a period of time, or when they 

considered an activity too private or personal to report. 

Processing and estimation

After ATUS data are collected, they go through an 

editing and imputation procedure. Responses to CPS 

questions that are re-asked in the ATUS go through the 

regular CPS edit and imputation procedures. Some item 

nonresponses for questions unique to the ATUS (such as 

where an activity took place or how much time was spent 

doing secondary childcare) also are imputed. Missing 

activities and missing values for who was present during an 

activity are never imputed.

ATUS records are weighted quarterly to reduce bias in 

the estimates due to differences in sampling and response 
rates across subpopulations and days of the week. 

Specifically, the data are weighted to ensure the following:

• Weekdays represent about 5/7 of the weighted data, 

and weekend days represent about 2/7 of the 

weighted data for the population as a whole. The 

actual proportions depend on the number of 

weekdays and weekend days in a given quarter.

• The sum of the weights is equal to the number of 

person-days in the quarter for the population as a 

whole and for selected subpopulations.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the ATUS are subject to both 

sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than 

the entire population, is surveyed, estimates differ from the 

true population values they represent. The component of this 

difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is 

known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by 

the standard error of the estimate.

Sample estimates from a given survey design are 

unbiased when an average of the estimates from all possible 

samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population 

value. In this case, the sample estimate and its standard error

can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, 

or ranges of values that include the true population value 

with known probabilities. If the process of selecting a sample

from the population were repeated many times, an estimate 

made from each sample, and a suitable estimate of its

standard error calculated for each sample, then

approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.645

standard errors below the estimate to 1.645 standard errors 

above the estimate would include the true population value. 

BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level 

of confidence.

The ATUS data also are affected by nonsampling error, 

which is the average difference between population and 

sample values for samples generated by a given process. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including 

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to 

obtain information for all persons in the sample, inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information,

and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. 

Errors also could occur if nonresponse is correlated with time 

use.

Publication requirements

Estimates of average hours per day and participation 

rates are not published unless there are a minimum number 

of respondents representing the given population. Additional 

publication criteria are applied that include the number of 

respondents who reported doing a specified activity and the 

standard error or coefficient of variation for the estimate. 

Estimates that are considered "close to zero" or that round to 

0.00, are published as approximately zero or "~0." For a 

detailed description of the statistical reliability criteria 

necessary for publication, please contact ATUS staff at 

ATUSinfo@bls.gov.
Table 1. Time spent in primary activities and percent of the civilian population engaging in each activity, averages per d

averages

Activity

Average hours per day, civilian

population

Average percent engaged in the

activity per day

A

Total Men Women Total Men Women 

Total, all activities

1................................................... 24.00 24.00 24.00

–

–

–

Personal care activities.......................................... 9.58 9.35 9.78 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Sleeping

2.......................................................... 8.82 8.75 8.87 99.9 99.9 99.9 

Eating and drinking............................................... 1.19 1.23 1.15 95.6 95.6 95.6 Household activities............................................... 1.78 1.36 2.17 76.7 68.5 84.4 

Housework....................................................... 0.55 0.24 0.83 34.8 20.2 48.5 Food preparation and cleanup.............................. 0.59 0.37 0.80 57.6 45.9 68.6 Lawn and garden care........................................ 0.18 0.25 0.11 8.8 11.0 6.8 Household management...................................... 0.14 0.12 0.16 19.1 15.6 22.4 

Purchasing goods and services............................... 0.72 0.61 0.82 43.6 40.2 46.9 

Consumer goods purchases................................. 0.33 0.25 0.41 39.7 36.6 42.7 Professional and personal care services................. 0.09 0.08 0.10 7.4 5.8 9.0 

Caring for and helping household members............... 0.51 0.32 0.70 24.1 19.2 28.7 

Caring for and helping household children.............. 0.39 0.22 0.54 19.1 14.9 23.0 

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members.......... 0.21 0.19 0.24 11.4 9.7 12.9 

Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults............ 0.07 0.08 0.07 7.2 6.4 8.0 

Working and work-related activities.......................... 3.57 4.16 3.02 44.1 49.7 38.9 

Working........................................................... 3.23 3.75 2.75 42.5 47.6 37.6 

Educational activities............................................. 0.46 0.49 0.43 7.9 7.9 7.8 

Attending class.................................................. 0.25 0.28 0.22 4.9 5.2 4.6 Homework and research..................................... 0.17 0.18 0.17 5.9 5.8 6.1 

Organizational, civic, and religious activities............... 0.30 0.26 0.35 14.1 11.4 16.7 

Religious and spiritual activities............................ 0.14 0.11 0.17 9.8 7.5 11.9 Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)....... 0.13 0.12 0.14 5.7 5.1 6.3 

Leisure and sports................................................ 5.27 5.69 4.87 95.6 96.2 94.9 

Socializing and communicating............................. 0.64 0.59 0.69 35.0 32.3 37.6 Watching television............................................ 2.84 3.09 2.61 78.4 79.1 77.7 Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation....... 0.29 0.36 0.23 19.1 21.1 17.2 

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail............................. 0.15 0.09 0.20 19.2 14.8 23.4 Other activities, not elsewhere classified................... 0.26 0.24 0.28 21.0 19.6 22.3 

1 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions.2 Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness.

- Not applicable.NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual’s main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Data refer to persons 15 y
Table 2. Time spent in primary activities and percent of the civilian population engaging in each activity, averages per d

weekends, 2018 annual averages

Activity

Average hours per day,

civilian population

Average percent engaged in

the activity per day

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Total, all activities

1

...................................................................... 24.00 24.00

–

–

Personal care activities.............................................................. 9.32 10.18 100.0 100.0 

Sleeping

2

............................................................................. 8.54 9.46 99.9 100.0 

Eating and drinking................................................................... 1.12 1.35 95.7 95.3 

Household activities.................................................................. 1.63 2.13 76.1 78.2 

Housework........................................................................... 0.49 0.68 32.8 39.5 

Food preparation and cleanup................................................. 0.55 0.67 57.8 57.2 

Lawn and garden care........................................................... 0.16 0.22 8.4 10.0 Household management......................................................... 0.13 0.16 19.1 19.2 

Purchasing goods and services................................................... 0.67 0.84 43.0 45.2 

Consumer goods purchases.................................................... 0.27 0.48 38.0 43.8 

Professional and personal care services.................................... 0.12 0.04 9.1 3.6 

Caring for and helping household members.................................. 0.53 0.47 25.1 21.6 

Caring for and helping household children................................. 0.39 0.38 19.9 17.1 

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members............................. 0.20 0.24 11.1 12.0 

Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults............................... 0.06 0.09 7.0 7.6 

Working and work-related activities.............................................. 4.61 1.14 54.2 20.4 

Working............................................................................... 4.18 1.02 52.3 19.4 

Educational activities................................................................. 0.58 0.17 9.1 4.9 

Attending class..................................................................... 0.35 0.01 6.7 0.7 

Homework and research......................................................... 0.19 0.15 6.7 4.2 

Organizational, civic, and religious activities.................................. 0.23 0.49 12.2 18.6 

Religious and spiritual activities................................................ 0.08 0.28 7.5 15.0 Volunteering (organizational and civic activities).......................... 0.12 0.14 5.7 5.6 

Leisure and sports.................................................................... 4.72 6.56 95.3 96.3 

Socializing and communicating................................................ 0.49 0.98 33.0 39.8 

Watching television................................................................ 2.61 3.40 78.2 78.8 

Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation........................... 0.27 0.34 19.6 17.9 

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail................................................ 0.15 0.13 20.4 16.5 

Other activities, not elsewhere classified....................................... 0.25 0.30 21.3 20.2 

1 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions.2 Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness.

- Not applicable.NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual’s main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Data refer to persons 15 y
Table 3. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, marit

attainment, 2018 annual averages

Characteristic

Average hours per day spent in primary activities

1

Personal

care

activities

Eating

and

drinking

Household

activities

Purchasing goods

and

services

Caring for

and

helping

household

members

Caring for

and

helping

nonhousehold

members

Working

and

workrelated

activities

Educational

activities

Organizational,

civic, and

religious

activities

Age and sex

Total, 15 years and over................................. 9.58 1.19 1.78 0.72 0.51 0.21 3.57 0.46 0.30 

15 to 19 years.......................................... 10.34 1.17 0.84 0.53 0.17 0.12 1.22 3.06 0.29 20 to 24 years.......................................... 9.96 1.12 1.12 0.49 0.38 0.16 3.52 1.70 0.13 25 to 34 years.......................................... 9.54 1.14 1.53 0.66 0.99 0.15 5.01 0.28 0.14 35 to 44 years.......................................... 9.26 1.13 1.80 0.62 1.18 0.11 5.08 0.09 0.27 45 to 54 years.......................................... 9.30 1.17 1.83 0.89 0.41 0.23 4.93 0.04 0.34 55 to 64 years.......................................... 9.40 1.18 2.10 0.79 0.16 0.31 3.79 0.05 0.35 65 to 74 years.......................................... 9.65 1.28 2.45 0.84 0.16 0.42 1.05 0.03 0.42 75 years and over...................................... 9.90 1.41 2.14 0.83 0.12 0.19 0.49 –

2 0.58 

Men, 15 years and over.................................. 9.35 1.23 1.36 0.61 0.32 0.19 4.16 0.49 0.26 

15 to 19 years.......................................... 9.94 1.16 0.73 0.39 0.11 0.09 1.24 3.61 0.24 20 to 24 years.......................................... 9.96 1.09 0.69 0.38 0.10 0.14 3.75 1.58 –

3 

25 to 34 years.......................................... 9.27 1.18 1.07 0.58 0.47 0.19 5.88 0.24 0.12 35 to 44 years.......................................... 9.08 1.15 1.28 0.50 0.72 0.12 6.05 0.03 0.28 45 to 54 years.......................................... 9.07 1.25 1.34 0.71 0.39 0.16 5.67 0.03 0.24 55 to 64 years.......................................... 9.25 1.22 1.78 0.70 0.12 0.24 4.18 –

2 0.29 

65 to 74 years.......................................... 9.41 1.34 2.03 0.76 0.18 0.39 1.29 –

3 0.34 

75 years and over...................................... 9.56 1.52 1.89 0.83 0.08 0.17 0.71 –

2 0.64 

Women, 15 years and over.............................. 9.78 1.15 2.17 0.82 0.70 0.24 3.02 0.43 0.35 

15 to 19 years.......................................... 10.74 1.18 0.94 0.67 0.23 0.15 1.20 2.49 0.33 20 to 24 years.......................................... 9.95 1.14 1.56 0.61 0.66 0.18 3.29 1.82 0.16 25 to 34 years.......................................... 9.82 1.10 1.99 0.74 1.52 0.11 4.16 0.31 0.15 35 to 44 years.......................................... 9.43 1.12 2.30 0.74 1.61 0.10 4.15 0.14 0.27 45 to 54 years.......................................... 9.52 1.10 2.31 1.06 0.43 0.30 4.22 0.04 0.44 55 to 64 years.......................................... 9.53 1.15 2.40 0.87 0.19 0.37 3.43 0.08 0.40 65 to 74 years.......................................... 9.86 1.22 2.82 0.92 0.15 0.44 0.85 0.03 0.49 75 years and over...................................... 10.15 1.33 2.32 0.83 0.16 0.20 –

3

–

2 0.54 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, marit

attainment, 2018 annual averages — Continued

Characteristic

Average hours per day spent in primary activities

1

Personal

care

activities

Eating

and

drinking

Household

activities

Purchasing goods

and

services

Caring for

and

helping

household

members

Caring for

and

helping

nonhousehold

members

Working

and

workrelated

activities

Educational

activities

Organizational,

civic, and

religious

activities

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

White, 15 years and over................................ 9.50 1.22 1.87 0.73 0.51 0.23 3.56 0.42 0.28 

Men...................................................... 9.26 1.26 1.47 0.61 0.33 0.21 4.24 0.45 0.24 Women.................................................. 9.72 1.19 2.25 0.85 0.69 0.25 2.92 0.39 0.32 

Black or African American, 15 years and over........ 9.77 0.93 1.32 0.65 0.48 0.18 3.36 0.62 0.50 

Men...................................................... 9.67 0.94 0.87 0.56 0.25 0.15 3.39 0.76 0.48 Women.................................................. 9.86 0.92 1.70 0.72 0.67 0.20 3.34 0.50 0.52 

Asian, 15 years and over................................ 10.03 1.36 1.58 0.71 0.65 0.13 4.32 0.55 0.18 

Men...................................................... 9.95 1.48 0.96 0.70 0.40 0.11 4.65 –

3 0.12 

Women.................................................. 10.11 1.22 2.27 0.72 0.93 0.15 3.95 –

3 0.24 

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 15 years and over....... 9.86 1.20 1.90 0.68 0.64 0.12 3.67 0.49 0.26 

Men...................................................... 9.63 1.24 1.27 0.53 0.34 0.14 4.58 0.52 0.22 Women.................................................. 10.09 1.15 2.52 0.83 0.93 0.11 2.76 0.47 0.29 

Marital status and sex

Married, spouse present................................. 9.30 1.26 2.12 0.78 0.74 0.24 3.89 0.05 0.34 

Men...................................................... 9.06 1.31 1.64 0.68 0.51 0.21 4.66 0.04 0.31 Women.................................................. 9.54 1.22 2.60 0.88 0.97 0.28 3.13 0.07 0.36 

Other marital statuses.................................... 9.86 1.11 1.42 0.66 0.28 0.19 3.25 0.87 0.27 

Men...................................................... 9.67 1.13 1.07 0.54 0.12 0.17 3.63 0.98 0.21 Women.................................................. 10.02 1.09 1.74 0.77 0.42 0.20 2.90 0.78 0.33 

Educational attainment, 25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma....................... 10.25 1.00 2.19 0.70 0.61 0.17 2.12 –

2 0.37 

High school diploma, no college........................ 9.60 1.13 1.96 0.75 0.45 0.28 3.37 0.05 0.29 Some college or associate degree..................... 9.41 1.14 1.97 0.74 0.53 0.27 3.88 0.12 0.31 Bachelor’s degree and higher........................... 9.21 1.33 1.82 0.80 0.65 0.18 4.48 0.13 0.35 

Bachelor’s degree only................................ 9.20 1.33 1.92 0.75 0.62 0.19 4.43 0.09 0.34 Advanced degree....................................... 9.23 1.33 1.67 0.87 0.69 0.16 4.56 0.19 0.36 

1 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions.2 Estimate is approximately zero.3 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual’s main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to peHispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.
Table 4. Employed persons working and time spent working on days worked by full- and part-time status and sex, jobh

attainment, and day of week, 2018 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic Total Employed

Employed persons who worked on

an average day

Employed persons who worked on

an average weekday

Number Percent of employed Average hours of work Number

1 Percent of

employed

Average

hours of

work

Full- and part-time status and sex

Total, 15 years and over

3..................................... 165,269 110,785 67.0 7.62 135,994 82.3 7.99 

Full-time workers.............................................. 130,608 92,999 71.2 8.10 115,901 88.7 8.50 Part-time workers............................................. 34,662 17,785 51.3 5.10 20,373 58.8 5.17 

Men

3................................................................. 85,959 60,191 70.0 7.88 73,581 85.6 8.27 

Full-time workers.............................................. 72,929 52,922 72.6 8.23 65,210 89.4 8.65 Part-time workers............................................. 13,030 7,269 55.8 5.32 8,412 64.6 5.39 

Women

3............................................................ 79,311 50,594 63.8 7.31 62,424 78.7 7.66 

Full-time workers.............................................. 57,679 40,077 69.5 7.93 50,688 87.9 8.31 Part-time workers............................................. 21,632 10,517 48.6 4.96 11,980 55.4 5.01 

Jobholding status

Single jobholders................................................ 151,967 100,420 66.1 7.59 124,082 81.7 7.94 Multiple jobholders.............................................. 13,302 10,364 77.9 7.90 12,014 90.3 8.59 

Educational attainment, 25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma............................ 8,126 4,824 59.4 7.50 6,227 76.6 7.70 High school graduates, no college.......................... 37,439 24,300 64.9 8.07 29,693 79.3 8.29 Some college or associate degree.......................... 33,763 23,386 69.3 7.90 28,783 85.3 8.19 Bachelor’s degree and higher................................ 63,427 46,035 72.6 7.36 56,640 89.3 7.90 

Bachelor’s degree only...................................... 38,170 27,307 71.5 7.47 33,872 88.7 7.85 Advanced degree............................................. 25,257 18,728 74.2 7.20 22,772 90.2 7.98 

1 Number was derived by multiplying the ′′Total employed′′ by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average weekday.2 Number was derived by multiplying the ′′Total employed′′ by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, 3 Includes workers whose hours vary.

NOTE: Includes work at main and other job(s), and excludes travel related to work. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years 
Table 5. Employed persons working on main job and time spent working on days worked by class of worker, occupatio

week, 2018 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic Total Employed

Employed persons who worked on

an average day

Employed persons who worked on

an average weekday

Number Percent of employed Average hours of work Number

1 Percent of

employed

Average

hours of

work

Class of worker (main job only)

Wage and salary workers.................................. 153,209 101,145 66.0 7.68 126,051 82.3 8.03 Self-employed workers

3..................................... 11,985 7,902 65.9 5.98 8,932 74.5 6.30 

Occupation (main job only)

Management, business, and financial operations.... 29,928 22,046 73.7 7.61 27,771 92.8 8.11 Professional and related.................................... 45,908 31,173 67.9 7.35 38,069 82.9 7.87 Service........................................................... 26,566 16,227 61.1 7.12 18,454 69.5 7.24 Sales and related............................................. 12,982 8,273 63.7 7.24 9,817 75.6 7.54 Office and administrative support........................ 18,931 11,725 61.9 7.63 15,495 81.9 7.78 Farming, fishing, and forestry............................. 1,315 –

4

–

4 8.38 –

4

–

4 8.77 

Construction and extraction................................ 7,149 4,860 68.0 8.32 6,013 84.1 8.60 

Installation, maintenance, and repair.................... 4,970 3,629 73.0 8.40 –

4

–

4 8.59 

Production...................................................... 9,054 5,187 57.3 8.17 7,220 79.7 8.25 Transportation and material moving..................... 8,466 5,023 59.3 8.23 6,502 76.8 8.34 

Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage

and salary workers

(single jobholders only)

5

$0 - $630........................................................ 27,323 17,733 64.9 7.94 22,296 81.6 8.15 $631 - $960.................................................... 26,284 18,772 71.4 8.09 23,805 90.6 8.28 $961 - $1,530.................................................. 28,388 19,147 67.4 8.32 24,779 87.3 8.64 $1,531 and higher............................................ 27,362 20,723 75.7 8.16 25,702 93.9 8.80 

1 Number was derived by multiplying the ′′Total employed′′ by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average weekday.2 Number was derived by multiplying the ′′Total employed′′ by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, 3 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated. Self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated are classifi4 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.5 The earnings data are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers are excluded). Each 

approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job.

NOTE: Includes work at main job only and excludes travel related to work. Data refer to persons 15 years and over.
Table 6. Employed persons working at home, workplace, and time spent working at each location by full- and part-time 

status, and educational attainment, 2018 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic Total Employed

Employed persons who worked on

an average day

Employed persons who worked at

their workplace on an average day

1

Number Percent of employed Average hours of work Number Percent of those who worked Average hours of work at workplace 

Full- and part-time status and sex

Total, 15 years and over

3..................................... 165,269 110,785 67.0 7.62 90,515 81.7 7.94 

Full-time workers.............................................. 130,608 92,999 71.2 8.10 78,334 84.2 8.28 Part-time workers............................................. 34,662 17,785 51.3 5.10 12,181 68.5 5.75 

Men

3................................................................. 85,959 60,191 70.0 7.88 50,443 83.8 8.04 

Full-time workers.............................................. 72,929 52,922 72.6 8.23 45,178 85.4 8.30 Part-time workers............................................. 13,030 7,269 55.8 5.32 5,265 72.4 5.78 

Women

3............................................................ 79,311 50,594 63.8 7.31 40,072 79.2 7.82 

Full-time workers.............................................. 57,679 40,077 69.5 7.93 33,156 82.7 8.26 Part-time workers............................................. 21,632 10,517 48.6 4.96 6,916 65.8 5.73 

Jobholding status

Single jobholders................................................ 151,967 100,420 66.1 7.59 82,453 82.1 7.90 Multiple jobholders.............................................. 13,302 10,364 77.9 7.90 8,062 77.8 8.32 

Educational attainment, 25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma............................ 8,126 4,824 59.4 7.50 4,362 90.4 7.64 

High school graduates, no college.......................... 37,439 24,300 64.9 8.07 21,910 90.2 8.15 Some college or associate degree.......................... 33,763 23,386 69.3 7.90 19,875 85.0 8.05 Bachelor’s degree and higher................................ 63,427 46,035 72.6 7.36 33,585 73.0 7.96 

Bachelor’s degree only...................................... 38,170 27,307 71.5 7.47 20,641 75.6 7.91 Advanced degree............................................. 25,257 18,728 74.2 7.20 12,944 69.1 8.03 

1 Individuals may have worked at more than one location.2 Working at home includes any time persons did work at home and is not restricted to persons whose usual workplace is their home.3 Includes workers whose hours vary.4 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.

NOTE: Includes work at main and other job(s) and at locations other than home or workplace. Excludes travel related to work. Unless otherwis15 years and over.
Table 7. Employed persons working on main job at home, workplace, and time spent working at each location by class 

earnings, 2018 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic Total Employed

Employed persons who worked on

an average day

Employed persons who worked at

their workplace on an average day

1

Number Percent of employed Average hours of work Number Percent of those who worked Average hours of work at workplace 

Class of worker (main job only)

Wage and salary workers.................................. 153,209 101,145 66.0 7.68 85,409 84.4 7.95 Self-employed workers

3..................................... 11,985 7,902 65.9 5.98 4,044 51.2 6.54 

Occupation (main job only)

Management, business, and financial operations.... 29,928 22,046 73.7 7.61 16,754 76.0 7.97 Professional and related.................................... 45,908 31,173 67.9 7.35 23,391 75.0 8.04 Service........................................................... 26,566 16,227 61.1 7.12 14,170 87.3 7.33 Sales and related............................................. 12,982 8,273 63.7 7.24 6,220 75.2 7.52 Office and administrative support........................ 18,931 11,725 61.9 7.63 10,635 90.7 7.81 Farming, fishing, and forestry............................. 1,315 –

4

–

4 8.38 –

4

–

4 8.10 

Construction and extraction................................ 7,149 4,860 68.0 8.32 4,350 89.5 8.54 Installation, maintenance, and repair.................... 4,970 3,629 73.0 8.40 3,385 93.3 7.98 Production...................................................... 9,054 5,187 57.3 8.17 4,994 96.3 8.18 Transportation and material moving..................... 8,466 5,023 59.3 8.23 4,661 92.8 8.12 

Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage

and salary workers

(single jobholders only)

5

$0 - $630........................................................ 27,323 17,733 64.9 7.94 16,543 93.3 7.85 $631 - $960.................................................... 26,284 18,772 71.4 8.09 16,798 89.5 8.31 $961 - $1,530.................................................. 28,388 19,147 67.4 8.32 16,460 86.0 8.53 $1,531 and higher............................................ 27,362 20,723 75.7 8.16 16,496 79.6 8.56 

1 Individuals may have worked at more than one location.2 Working at home includes any time persons did work at home and is not restricted to persons whose usual workplace is their home.3 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated. Self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated are classifi4 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.5 The earnings data are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers are excluded). Each 

approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job.

NOTE: Includes work at main job only and at locations other than home or workplace. Excludes travel related to work. Data refer to persons 15 
Table 8A. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population 18 years and over by presence and age of younges

2018 annual averages, total

Activity

Average hours per day spent in primary activities

Household child under 18 

Total Youngest household child under 6 Youngest household child 6 to 17 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Wom

Total, all activities

1................................................. 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24

Personal care activities......................................... 9.35 9.14 9.52 9.28 9.10 9.43 9.39 9.17 9

Sleeping

2....................................................... 8.65 8.55 8.74 8.66 8.59 8.72 8.65 8.52 8

Eating and drinking.............................................. 1.13 1.20 1.07 1.13 1.21 1.07 1.13 1.19 1Household activities............................................. 1.89 1.32 2.38 1.97 1.35 2.46 1.84 1.31 2

Housework..................................................... 0.66 0.30 0.96 0.68 0.35 0.93 0.64 0.27 0Food preparation and cleanup............................... 0.74 0.39 1.05 0.83 0.43 1.14 0.68 0.36 0Lawn and garden care........................................ 0.13 0.20 0.06 0.13 0.19 0.08 0.12 0.21 0Household management..................................... 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.12 0.10 0.10 0

Purchasing goods and services................................ 0.68 0.56 0.79 0.66 0.63 0.68 0.70 0.51 0

Consumer goods purchases................................. 0.35 0.27 0.43 0.36 0.32 0.40 0.35 0.23 0Professional and personal care services................... 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.04 0

Caring for and helping household members................. 1.40 0.89 1.84 2.20 1.34 2.87 0.85 0.60 1

Caring for and helping household children................ 1.18 0.72 1.57 1.96 1.18 2.57 0.64 0.42 0

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members............. 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.07 0.12 0.10 0

Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults.............. 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.05 0

Working and work-related activities........................... 4.35 5.49 3.37 4.22 5.58 3.15 4.44 5.44 3

Working......................................................... 3.94 4.96 3.07 3.83 5.04 2.89 4.02 4.91 3

Educational activities............................................ 0.32 0.27 0.37 0.18 0.17 0.19 0.42 0.33 0

Attending class................................................ 0.15 0.14 0.16 0.06 –

3

–

3 0.20 0.19 0

Homework and research..................................... 0.15 0.11 0.19 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.19 0.11 0

Organizational, civic, and religious activities................. 0.27 0.28 0.27 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.31 0.32 0

Religious and spiritual activities............................. 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.08 0.14 0.15 0.16 0Volunteering (organizational and civic activities).......... 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.10 0.06 0.12 0.11 0

Leisure and sports............................................... 4.12 4.42 3.87 3.70 4.00 3.46 4.42 4.69 4

Socializing and communicating.............................. 0.66 0.64 0.68 0.71 0.64 0.76 0.63 0.64 0Watching television........................................... 2.10 2.19 2.01 1.85 2.00 1.74 2.27 2.32 2Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation.......... 0.24 0.30 0.18 0.25 0.34 0.18 0.23 0.28 0

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail.............................. 0.09 0.07 0.11 0.08 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.08 0Other activities, not elsewhere classified..................... 0.29 0.26 0.31 0.28 0.25 0.29 0.30 0.26 0

1 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions.2 Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness.3 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.- Not applicable.NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual’s main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.
Table 8B. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population 18 years and over by presence and age of younges

2018 annual averages, employed

Activity

Average hours per day spent in primary activities

Household child under 18 

Total Youngest household child under 6 Youngest household child 6 to 17 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Wom

Total, all activities

1................................................. 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24

Personal care activities......................................... 9.11 8.92 9.31 9.01 8.92 9.11 9.17 8.93 9

Sleeping

2....................................................... 8.41 8.33 8.50 8.37 8.38 8.35 8.44 8.29 8

Eating and drinking.............................................. 1.15 1.24 1.06 1.15 1.24 1.04 1.15 1.23 1Household activities............................................. 1.61 1.22 2.02 1.58 1.27 1.91 1.63 1.20 2

Housework..................................................... 0.53 0.26 0.81 0.48 0.28 0.70 0.56 0.24 0Food preparation and cleanup............................... 0.61 0.36 0.87 0.64 0.40 0.89 0.59 0.33 0Lawn and garden care........................................ 0.12 0.20 0.04 0.11 0.18 0.03 0.13 0.20 0Household management..................................... 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.10 0

Purchasing goods and services................................ 0.67 0.56 0.78 0.63 0.63 0.64 0.69 0.52 0

Consumer goods purchases................................. 0.34 0.27 0.42 0.34 0.32 0.36 0.35 0.24 0Professional and personal care services................... 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0

Caring for and helping household members................. 1.22 0.88 1.58 1.88 1.29 2.51 0.78 0.60 0

Caring for and helping household children................ 1.01 0.71 1.32 1.65 1.14 2.19 0.58 0.43 0

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members............. 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0

Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults.............. 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.05 0

Working and work-related activities........................... 5.74 6.47 4.97 5.71 6.42 4.95 5.77 6.51 4

Working......................................................... 5.26 5.90 4.57 5.24 5.84 4.60 5.27 5.94 4

Educational activities............................................ 0.16 0.11 0.20 0.15 0.10 –

3 0.16 0.12 0

Attending class................................................ 0.05 –

3 0.07 –

3

–

3

–

3 0.05 –

3 0

Homework and research..................................... 0.09 0.06 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.11 0.10 0.07 0

Organizational, civic, and religious activities................. 0.24 0.26 0.22 0.19 0.23 0.15 0.27 0.28 0

Religious and spiritual activities............................. 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.11 0.12 0Volunteering (organizational and civic activities).......... 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.06 0.13 0.13 0

Leisure and sports............................................... 3.65 3.92 3.36 3.26 3.50 3.01 3.90 4.20 3

Socializing and communicating.............................. 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.58 0.57 0.60 0.60 0.61 0Watching television........................................... 1.82 1.90 1.73 1.65 1.77 1.51 1.93 1.99 1Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation.......... 0.23 0.27 0.18 0.25 0.29 0.21 0.21 0.25 0

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail.............................. 0.08 0.05 0.10 0.07 0.04 0.11 0.08 0.06 0Other activities, not elsewhere classified..................... 0.28 0.26 0.30 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.25 0

1 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions.2 Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness.3 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.- Not applicable.NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual’s main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.
Table 8C. Time spent in primary activities for the civilian population 18 years and over by presence and age of younges

2018 annual averages, not employed

Activity

Average hours per day spent in primary activities

Household child under 18 

Total Youngest household child under 6 Youngest household child 6 to 17 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Wom

Total, all activities

1................................................. 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24

Personal care activities......................................... 10.05 10.29 9.95 10.03 10.25 9.96 10.07 10.31 9

Sleeping

2....................................................... 9.38 9.70 9.25 9.46 9.89 9.34 9.32 9.61 9

Eating and drinking.............................................. 1.07 0.99 1.10 1.08 0.98 1.11 1.06 1.00 1Household activities............................................. 2.73 1.83 3.11 3.04 1.83 3.38 2.49 1.83 2

Housework..................................................... 1.04 0.51 1.26 1.20 –

3 1.33 0.91 0.39 1

Food preparation and cleanup............................... 1.15 0.54 1.40 1.37 0.63 1.58 0.97 0.50 1Lawn and garden care........................................ 0.14 –

3 0.10 0.17 –

3 0.15 0.11 –

3 0

Household management..................................... 0.10 0.06 0.11 0.11 –

3 0.13 0.09 0.08 0

Purchasing goods and services................................ 0.72 0.53 0.80 0.74 0.66 0.76 0.71 0.46 0

Consumer goods purchases................................. 0.38 0.24 0.44 0.43 –

3 0.46 0.34 0.20 0

Professional and personal care services................... 0.09 –

3 0.08 0.07 –

3 0.05 0.10 –

3 0

Caring for and helping household members................. 1.95 0.94 2.37 3.08 1.66 3.49 1.07 0.59 1

Caring for and helping household children................ 1.70 0.75 2.09 2.82 1.48 3.20 0.82 0.39 1

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members............. 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.06 –

3 0.03 0.14 0.11 0

Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults.............. 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.03 –

3 0.02 0.04 –

3 0

Working and work-related activities

4.......................... 0.19 –

3 0.10 0.16 –

3

–

3

–

3

–

3 0

Working

4

........................................................ –

5

–

3

–

5

–

5

–

3

–

5

–

3

–

3

Educational activities............................................ 0.81 1.06 0.71 0.27 –

3 0.17 1.23 –

3 1

Attending class................................................ 0.43 –

3

–

3

–

3

–

3

–

3 0.70 –

3

Homework and research..................................... 0.35 –

3 0.35 0.18 –

3 0.09 0.48 –

3

Organizational, civic, and religious activities................. 0.37 0.38 0.37 0.29 –

3 0.34 0.43 0.51 0

Religious and spiritual activities............................. 0.24 0.26 0.23 0.20 –

3 0.25 0.26 0.38 0

Volunteering (organizational and civic activities).......... 0.09 –

3 0.10 0.05 –

3 0.05 0.12 –

3 0

Leisure and sports............................................... 5.54 7.02 4.92 4.88 7.13 4.22 6.06 6.97 5

Socializing and communicating.............................. 0.87 0.89 0.86 1.04 –

3 1.02 0.73 0.78 0

Watching television........................................... 2.93 3.72 2.60 2.42 3.43 2.13 3.33 3.86 3Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation.......... 0.28 0.48 0.19 0.25 –

3 0.15 0.30 0.43 0

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail.............................. 0.15 0.19 0.13 0.10 0.13 0.09 0.18 0.22 0Other activities, not elsewhere classified..................... 0.32 0.25 0.34 0.29 0.18 0.32 0.34 0.29 0

1 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions.2 Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness.3 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.4 Estimates include a small amount of work time done by persons who do not meet the American Time Use Survey definition for employed.5 Estimate is approximately zero.- Not applicable.NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual’s main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.
Table 9. Time adults spent caring for household children as a primary activity by sex, age, and day of week, average fo

2014-18

Childcare activities

Average hours per day adults spent caring for househ

Total Weekdays 

Total Men Women Total Men Women 

Children under age 18, total

Caring for household children as a primary activity................ 1.39 0.91 1.78 1.45 0.88 1.92 

Physical care............................................................... 0.44 0.23 0.61 0.46 0.23 0.64 Education-related activities............................................. 0.10 0.06 0.14 0.13 0.07 0.18 Reading to/with children................................................ 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.05 Talking to/with children.................................................. 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.08 Playing/doing hobbies with children................................. 0.29 0.26 0.32 0.25 0.22 0.29 Looking after children.................................................... 0.09 0.06 0.12 0.08 0.05 0.11 Attending children’s events............................................. 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.06 Travel related to care of household children...................... 0.19 0.12 0.24 0.23 0.14 0.30 Other childcare activities................................................ 0.12 0.07 0.17 0.15 0.08 0.21 

Youngest child ages 6 to 17

Caring for household children as a primary activity............. 0.83 0.55 1.06 0.90 0.56 1.19 

Physical care............................................................ 0.15 0.08 0.21 0.17 0.09 0.24 Education-related activities.......................................... 0.12 0.07 0.16 0.15 0.08 0.20 Reading to/with children............................................. 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 Talking to/with children............................................... 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.09 Playing/doing hobbies with children.............................. 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.05 Looking after children................................................. 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.06 Attending children’s events.......................................... 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.08 Travel related to care of household children................... 0.17 0.11 0.22 0.20 0.13 0.26 Other childcare activities............................................. 0.10 0.06 0.14 0.12 0.06 0.17 

Child under age 6

Caring for household children as a primary activity............. 2.12 1.38 2.71 2.18 1.32 2.87 

Physical care............................................................ 0.81 0.43 1.12 0.83 0.42 1.16 Education-related activities.......................................... 0.08 0.04 0.12 0.11 0.05 0.15 Reading to/with children............................................. 0.07 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.09 Talking to/with children............................................... 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.06 Playing/doing hobbies with children.............................. 0.58 0.50 0.64 0.52 0.44 0.59 Looking after children................................................. 0.14 0.09 0.19 0.12 0.07 0.17 Attending children’s events.......................................... 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.05 Travel related to care of household children................... 0.21 0.13 0.27 0.26 0.15 0.35 Other childcare activities............................................. 0.15 0.08 0.20 0.18 0.10 0.25 

NOTE: Includes persons 18 years and over living in households with children under 18, whether or not they provided childcare.
Table 10. Time adults spent in primary activities while providing childcare as a secondary activity by sex, age, and day 

combined years 2014-18

Childcare activities

1

Average hours per day adults spent caring for hou

Total Weekdays 

Total Men Women Total Men Women 

Children under age 13, total

Total......................................................................................... 5.11 4.16 5.88 4.12 3.05 4.99 

Personal care activities.............................................................. 0.26 0.18 0.33 0.23 0.16 0.30 Household activities.................................................................. 1.24 0.72 1.67 1.06 0.50 1.51 Purchasing goods and services................................................... 0.35 0.26 0.43 0.26 0.15 0.34 Working and work-related activities.............................................. 0.21 0.22 0.20 0.23 0.24 0.23 Eating and drinking................................................................... 0.65 0.57 0.71 0.52 0.43 0.59 Leisure and sports.................................................................... 1.99 1.91 2.05 1.50 1.36 1.61 Other activities......................................................................... 0.41 0.31 0.49 0.31 0.20 0.40 

Youngest child ages 6 to 12

Total...................................................................................... 4.75 4.09 5.29 3.72 3.06 4.27 

Personal care activities........................................................... 0.26 0.19 0.31 0.23 0.17 0.28 Household activities............................................................... 1.08 0.67 1.43 0.87 0.46 1.20 Purchasing goods and services................................................ 0.30 0.23 0.35 0.20 0.14 0.26 Working and work-related activities........................................... 0.22 0.24 0.20 0.24 0.25 0.23 Eating and drinking................................................................ 0.57 0.54 0.60 0.46 0.42 0.49 Leisure and sports................................................................. 1.93 1.91 1.95 1.44 1.42 1.47 Other activities...................................................................... 0.39 0.32 0.45 0.28 0.21 0.35 

Child under age 6

Total...................................................................................... 5.39 4.22 6.33 4.43 3.03 5.55 

Personal care activities........................................................... 0.27 0.17 0.35 0.24 0.14 0.31 Household activities............................................................... 1.37 0.76 1.85 1.21 0.54 1.74 Purchasing goods and services................................................ 0.39 0.28 0.49 0.30 0.17 0.41 Working and work-related activities........................................... 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.23 0.23 0.23 Eating and drinking................................................................ 0.71 0.60 0.79 0.57 0.44 0.67 Leisure and sports................................................................. 2.03 1.90 2.14 1.54 1.32 1.73 Other activities...................................................................... 0.42 0.30 0.52 0.34 0.20 0.45 

1 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions.2 Secondary childcare is defined as time one has a child under 13 years ′′in his or her care′′ while doing something else as a primary activity; i

childcare is not collected for children over 12 years. Estimates include a small amount of care provided to own, nonhousehold children.

NOTE: Includes persons 18 years and over living in households with children under 13 years, whether or not they provided childcare.
Table 11A. Time spent in leisure and sports activities for the civilian population by selected characteristics, averages p

Characteristic

Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities, 

Total, all

leisure and

sports

activities

Participating

in sports,

exercise

and

recreation

Socializing

and

communicating

Watching

TV Reading Rela

thin

Sex

Men.............................................................................. 5.69 0.36 0.59 3.09 0.24 0.Women.......................................................................... 4.87 0.23 0.69 2.61 0.29 0.

Age

Total, 15 years and over................................................... 5.27 0.29 0.64 2.84 0.26 0.

15 to 19 years............................................................. 5.79 0.65 0.97 2.23 0.12 0.20 to 24 years............................................................. 5.02 0.39 0.58 2.01 0.11 0.25 to 34 years............................................................. 4.22 0.22 0.66 2.03 0.10 0.35 to 44 years............................................................. 4.08 0.24 0.63 2.12 0.15 0.45 to 54 years............................................................. 4.54 0.27 0.58 2.56 0.16 0.55 to 64 years............................................................. 5.49 0.23 0.59 3.36 0.27 0.65 to 74 years............................................................. 7.17 0.28 0.67 4.34 0.61 0.75 years and over........................................................ 7.75 0.21 0.53 4.78 0.80 0.

Race and Hispanic or

Latino ethnicity

White............................................................................ 5.28 0.30 0.66 2.80 0.29 0.Black or African American................................................. 5.73 0.22 0.59 3.55 0.12 0.Asian............................................................................ 4.00 0.25 0.49 1.75 0.23 0.Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ 4.82 0.31 0.64 2.45 0.07 0.

Employment status

Employed....................................................................... 4.22 0.25 0.59 2.15 0.17 0.

Full-time workers.......................................................... 4.03 0.25 0.58 2.07 0.15 0.Part-time workers......................................................... 4.96 0.28 0.64 2.45 0.26 0.

Not employed................................................................. 7.06 0.35 0.73 4.03 0.42 0.

Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage

and salary workers

(single jobholders only)

2

$0 - $630....................................................................... 4.39 0.18 0.63 2.23 0.09 0.$631 - $960.................................................................... 4.11 0.26 0.49 2.34 0.13 0.$961 - $1,530................................................................. 4.05 0.24 0.59 2.07 0.13 0.$1,531 and higher........................................................... 3.82 0.31 0.58 1.87 0.21 0.

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11A. Time spent in leisure and sports activities for the civilian population by selected characteristics, averages p

averages — Continued

Characteristic

Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities, 

Total, all

leisure and

sports

activities

Participating

in sports,

exercise

and

recreation

Socializing

and

communicating

Watching

TV Reading Rela

thin

Presence and age of

household children

No household children under 18......................................... 5.83 0.29 0.63 3.25 0.34 0.Household children under 18............................................. 4.23 0.28 0.66 2.09 0.12 0.

Children 13 to 17 years, none younger............................. 4.79 0.31 0.60 2.39 0.14 0.Children 6 to 12 years, none younger............................... 4.34 0.27 0.65 2.15 0.12 0.Youngest child under 6 years......................................... 3.76 0.27 0.70 1.85 0.11 0.

Marital status and sex

Married, spouse present................................................... 4.88 0.26 0.64 2.74 0.29 0.

Men........................................................................... 5.25 0.31 0.60 3.05 0.28 0.Women....................................................................... 4.52 0.21 0.68 2.43 0.29 0.

Other marital statuses...................................................... 5.66 0.32 0.64 2.95 0.24 0.

Men........................................................................... 6.15 0.40 0.59 3.13 0.19 0.Women....................................................................... 5.22 0.24 0.69 2.79 0.28 0.

Educational attainment,

25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma........................................ 6.34 0.16 0.69 4.06 0.14 0.High school graduates, no college...................................... 5.77 0.17 0.58 3.60 0.22 0.Some college or associate degree...................................... 5.20 0.24 0.58 2.95 0.28 0.Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................ 4.59 0.32 0.64 2.27 0.39 0.

Bachelor’s degree only.................................................. 4.67 0.30 0.65 2.37 0.34 0.Advanced degree......................................................... 4.47 0.35 0.63 2.11 0.47 0.

1 Includes other leisure and sports activities, not elsewhere classified, and travel related to leisure and sports activities.2 The earnings data are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers are excluded). Each 

approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job.

NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.
Table 11B. Time spent in leisure and sports activities for the civilian population by selected characteristics, averages p

weekends, 2018 annual averages

Characteristic

Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities, weekdays and w

Total, all leisure

and sports

activities

Participating in

sports, exercise

and recreation

Socializing and

communicating Watching TV Reading Relaxing/ thinking 

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Weekdays

Wee

ends

and

holi

days

Sex

Men....................................................... 5.09 7.09 0.31 0.46 0.46 0.91 2.83 3.71 0.23 0.26 0.35 0.33 Women................................................... 4.37 6.06 0.23 0.22 0.53 1.05 2.40 3.12 0.27 0.31 0.29 0.34 

Age

Total, 15 years and over.............................. 4.72 6.56 0.27 0.34 0.49 0.98 2.61 3.40 0.25 0.29 0.32 0.34 

15 to 19 years........................................ 5.28 7.07 0.69 0.56 0.93 1.06 2.00 2.79 0.13 0.08 0.17 0.22 20 to 24 years........................................ 4.26 6.79 –

2 0.55 0.38 1.07 1.76 2.60 0.10 0.12 0.43 0.13 

25 to 34 years........................................ 3.54 5.77 0.18 0.34 0.47 1.10 1.75 2.67 0.09 0.13 0.21 0.27 35 to 44 years........................................ 3.51 5.42 0.20 0.35 0.45 1.04 1.88 2.69 0.15 0.15 0.21 0.27 45 to 54 years........................................ 3.80 6.21 0.25 0.33 0.48 0.81 2.12 3.55 0.15 0.19 0.30 0.37 55 to 64 years........................................ 4.90 6.90 0.21 0.28 0.41 1.01 3.13 3.92 0.25 0.33 0.35 0.43 65 to 74 years........................................ 6.93 7.73 0.29 0.27 0.56 0.92 4.24 4.60 0.61 0.61 0.44 0.40 75 years and over................................... 7.61 8.09 0.24 0.12 0.42 0.79 4.80 4.75 0.76 0.91 0.59 0.61 

Race and Hispanic or

Latino ethnicity

White..................................................... 4.70 6.62 0.28 0.36 0.51 1.02 2.55 3.39 0.28 0.32 0.30 0.32 Black or African American............................. 5.30 6.76 0.21 0.23 0.48 0.86 3.31 4.12 0.11 0.14 0.53 0.44 Asian..................................................... 3.58 5.02 0.24 0.26 0.38 0.75 1.61 2.09 0.21 0.26 0.20 0.29 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity............................ 4.35 5.95 0.32 0.27 0.43 1.15 2.27 2.87 0.05 0.10 0.42 0.38 

Employment status

Employed................................................ 3.49 5.96 0.21 0.36 0.42 0.99 1.83 2.91 0.15 0.22 0.22 0.29 

Full-time workers..................................... 3.25 5.83 0.19 0.37 0.41 0.96 1.72 2.90 0.13 0.19 0.23 0.30 Part-time workers.................................... 4.38 6.46 0.26 0.33 0.47 1.07 2.25 2.98 0.23 0.34 0.19 0.28 

Not employed........................................... 6.84 7.56 0.37 0.30 0.62 0.97 3.94 4.22 0.44 0.40 0.48 0.42 

Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage

and salary workers

(single jobholders only)

3

$0 - $630................................................ 3.70 5.93 0.13 0.30 0.43 1.06 1.97 2.82 0.09 0.09 0.28 0.22 $631 - $960............................................. 3.39 5.92 0.19 0.42 0.37 0.79 1.93 3.38 0.13 0.11 0.20 0.23 $961 - $1,530........................................... 3.23 5.98 0.21 0.32 0.44 0.95 1.61 3.15 0.11 0.18 0.27 0.36 $1,531 and higher...................................... 2.90 6.08 0.26 0.44 0.38 1.05 1.53 2.73 0.16 0.32 0.17 0.36 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11B. Time spent in leisure and sports activities for the civilian population by selected characteristics, averages p

weekends, 2018 annual averages — Continued

Characteristic

Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities, weekdays and w

Total, all leisure

and sports

activities

Participating in

sports, exercise

and recreation

Socializing and

communicating Watching TV Reading Relaxing/ thinking 

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays

Weekdays

Wee

ends

and

holi

days

Presence and age of

household children

No household children under 18..................... 5.28 7.13 0.27 0.34 0.49 0.95 3.01 3.83 0.33 0.37 0.36 0.36 Household children under 18......................... 3.68 5.52 0.26 0.34 0.49 1.03 1.87 2.63 0.11 0.13 0.24 0.29 

Children 13 to 17 years, none younger........... 4.23 6.12 0.32 0.30 0.49 0.87 2.01 3.28 0.13 0.15 0.34 0.32 Children 6 to 12 years, none younger............ 3.83 5.61 0.25 0.32 0.51 1.01 1.95 2.65 0.11 0.15 0.25 0.31 Youngest child under 6 years...................... 3.16 5.07 0.23 0.37 0.49 1.16 1.69 2.20 0.11 0.11 0.18 0.26 

Marital status and sex

Married, spouse present............................... 4.31 6.27 0.24 0.30 0.48 1.03 2.48 3.35 0.27 0.33 0.27 0.34 

Men.................................................... 4.57 6.83 0.28 0.38 0.42 1.01 2.72 3.81 0.27 0.33 0.33 0.35 Women................................................ 4.06 5.68 0.21 0.21 0.53 1.05 2.25 2.88 0.28 0.33 0.22 0.32 

Other marital statuses................................. 5.14 6.84 0.29 0.38 0.51 0.93 2.73 3.46 0.23 0.25 0.37 0.34 

Men.................................................... 5.64 7.36 0.34 0.55 0.50 0.80 2.94 3.60 0.20 0.19 0.37 0.31 Women................................................ 4.68 6.40 0.25 0.23 0.53 1.05 2.54 3.34 0.27 0.30 0.36 0.36 

Educational attainment,

25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma..................... 6.14 6.75 0.15 0.19 0.55 1.01 4.07 4.04 0.15 0.12 0.77 0.58 High school graduates, no college................... 5.28 6.93 0.14 0.25 0.43 0.94 3.37 4.14 0.24 0.19 0.40 0.43 Some college or associate degree................... 4.69 6.49 0.21 0.31 0.44 0.92 2.71 3.55 0.25 0.35 0.30 0.36 Bachelor’s degree and higher......................... 3.92 6.10 0.31 0.36 0.49 1.00 1.96 2.95 0.37 0.45 0.17 0.28 

Bachelor’s degree only.............................. 4.02 6.17 0.29 0.33 0.52 0.95 2.01 3.19 0.34 0.35 0.19 0.31 Advanced degree.................................... 3.78 5.99 0.33 0.39 0.42 1.07 1.88 2.61 0.41 0.61 0.13 0.22 

1 Includes other leisure and sports activities, not elsewhere classified, and travel related to leisure and sports activities.2 Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards.3 The earnings data are limited to wage and salary workers (both incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers are excluded). Each earnings range re

full-time wage and salary workers who held only one job.

NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race.
Table 12. Average hours per day spent in primary activities for the civilian population, 2018 quarterly and annual averag

[Not seasonally adjusted]

Activity

2018

Quarterly averages 

I II III 

Total, all activities

1.................................................................................. 24.00 24.00 24.00 

Personal care activities.......................................................................... 9.63 9.57 9.67 

Sleeping

2......................................................................................... 8.88 8.79 8.90 

Eating and drinking............................................................................... 1.14 1.19 1.24 Household activities.............................................................................. 1.71 1.82 1.89 

Housework....................................................................................... 0.58 0.51 0.57 

Food preparation and cleanup............................................................. 0.60 0.57 0.58 

Lawn and garden care....................................................................... 0.10 0.25 0.23 

Household management..................................................................... 0.11 0.17 0.17 

Purchasing goods and services............................................................... 0.66 0.68 0.73 

Consumer goods purchases................................................................ 0.30 0.30 0.34 

Professional and personal care services................................................ 0.08 0.10 0.09 

Caring for and helping household members.............................................. 0.50 0.51 0.49 

Caring for and helping household children............................................. 0.38 0.39 0.37 

Caring for and helping nonhousehold members......................................... 0.19 0.25 0.20 

Caring for and helping nonhousehold adults........................................... 0.06 0.07 0.08 

Working and work-related activities.......................................................... 3.63 3.67 3.29 

Working........................................................................................... 3.30 3.32 2.97 

Educational activities............................................................................. 0.69 0.39 0.28 

Attending class................................................................................. 0.41 0.24 0.11 

Homework and research..................................................................... 0.23 0.13 0.14 

Organizational, civic, and religious activities.............................................. 0.26 0.35 0.33 

Religious and spiritual activities............................................................ 0.12 0.16 0.14 

Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)...................................... 0.10 0.15 0.15 

Leisure and sports................................................................................ 5.18 5.20 5.47 

Socializing and communicating............................................................ 0.54 0.65 0.67 

Watching television............................................................................ 3.02 2.72 2.85 

Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation....................................... 0.26 0.31 0.36 

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail............................................................ 0.17 0.13 0.13 Other activities, not elsewhere classified................................................... 0.24 0.24 0.29 

1 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions.2 Includes naps and spells of sleeplessness.

NOTE: A primary activity refers to an individual’s main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. Data refer to persons 15 y