HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES

40. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by selected characteristics

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

2022 2023

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,673 14,285 10.1 16,002 11.3 144,541 14,424 10.0 16,193 11.2

16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,811 830 4.4 984 5.2 19,759 863 4.4 1,023 5.2

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,863 13,456 11.0 15,018 12.2 124,782 13,561 10.9 15,170 12.2

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,030 2,965 9.0 3,343 10.1 33,584 3,021 9.0 3,440 10.2

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,955 3,460 11.2 3,848 12.4 31,731 3,522 11.1 3,941 12.4

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,753 3,502 12.6 3,904 14.1 28,177 3,547 12.6 3,931 14.0

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,130 2,799 12.1 3,097 13.4 22,980 2,753 12.0 3,056 13.3

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,995 731 9.1 826 10.3 8,310 717 8.6 802 9.7

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,672 7,771 10.5 8,551 11.6 75,079 7,847 10.5 8,730 11.6

16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,481 504 5.3 583 6.1 9,866 531 5.4 619 6.3

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,192 7,267 11.3 7,968 12.4 65,213 7,316 11.2 8,110 12.4

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,370 1,654 9.5 1,827 10.5 17,724 1,734 9.8 1,945 11.0

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,350 1,895 11.6 2,085 12.8 16,810 1,905 11.3 2,102 12.5

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,313 1,819 12.7 1,989 13.9 14,586 1,876 12.9 2,076 14.2

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,931 1,497 12.5 1,621 13.6 11,849 1,434 12.1 1,585 13.4

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,228 402 9.5 446 10.5 4,244 367 8.7 403 9.5

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,001 6,515 9.6 7,451 11.0 69,462 6,577 9.5 7,463 10.7

16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,330 326 3.5 401 4.3 9,893 332 3.4 404 4.1

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,671 6,189 10.5 7,050 12.0 59,569 6,244 10.5 7,060 11.9

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,660 1,311 8.4 1,516 9.7 15,860 1,287 8.1 1,495 9.4

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,605 1,565 10.7 1,764 12.1 14,922 1,618 10.8 1,840 12.3

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,441 1,683 12.5 1,915 14.2 13,591 1,671 12.3 1,855 13.7

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,199 1,302 11.6 1,475 13.2 11,131 1,319 11.8 1,471 13.2

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,767 328 8.7 380 10.1 4,066 350 8.6 399 9.8

RACE AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,230 10,792 10.0 12,111 11.2 109,689 10,777 9.8 12,130 11.1

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,186 5,947 10.4 6,530 11.4 57,949 5,952 10.3 6,625 11.4

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,044 4,846 9.5 5,581 10.9 51,740 4,826 9.3 5,505 10.6

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,499 2,140 11.6 2,374 12.8 19,182 2,262 11.8 2,509 13.1

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,725 1,138 13.0 1,246 14.3 9,017 1,190 13.2 1,309 14.5

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,774 1,002 10.3 1,128 11.5 10,165 1,072 10.5 1,200 11.8

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,615 800 8.3 882 9.2 10,044 786 7.8 904 9.0

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,025 384 7.6 426 8.5 5,261 414 7.9 483 9.2

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,590 416 9.1 455 9.9 4,783 372 7.8 420 8.8

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,386 2,335 8.8 2,652 10.0 27,361 2,462 9.0 2,742 10.0

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,669 1,336 9.1 1,506 10.3 15,027 1,381 9.2 1,524 10.1

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,717 999 8.5 1,146 9.8 12,334 1,081 8.8 1,218 9.9

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS3

Full-time workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,869 13,021 11.0 14,552 12.2 120,907 13,197 10.9 14,783 12.2

Part-time workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,628 1,247 5.5 1,432 6.3 23,476 1,210 5.2 1,390 5.9

1 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

2 Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

3 The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data will not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal

job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders. Full time is 35 hours or more per week; part time is less than 35 hours.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons

whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time wage and salary workers. All

self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.

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