os nr 3/12/97 News Release: Workplace Injuries and Illnesses in 1995
 
Technical information:  (202) 606-6179            USDL 97-76
Media information:      (202) 606-5902            For release:  10 A.M. EST
Internet address:                                 Wednesday, March 12, 1997
   http://stats.bls.gov/oshhome.htm               
              


                 WORKPLACE INJURIES AND ILLNESSES IN 1995

The incidence of nonfatal work-related injuries and illnesses fell in 1995 
to the lowest rate in nearly a decade according to a survey of private 
industry by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.  A total
of 6.6 million injuries and illnesses were reported during 1995, resulting in 
a rate of 8.1 cases for every 100 equivalent full-time workers.  The rate was 
the lowest since 1986 and declined for three years in a row for the first 
time since the early 1980s.  (See tables 1 and 4.)  

The following tabulation on incidence rates for injuries and illnesses shows 
the decline in rates per 100 full-time workers from 1992, the highest rate 
since 1979, to 1995: 

                               1992     1993     1994     1995

  Private industry              8.9      8.5      8.4      8.1
    Goods-producing            12.4     11.9     11.9     11.2
    Service-producing           7.3      7.1      6.9      6.7

Among goods-producing industries, manufacturing had the highest incidence 
rate in 1995 (11.6 cases per 100 full-time workers), followed by construction 
(10.6 cases per 100 full-time workers).  This was the second consecutive year, 
and the second time in the more than 20-year history of the survey, that the 
overall rate for construction fell below the rate in manufacturing.  (See 
table 5 and chart 1.)  Within the service-producing sector, the highest 
incidence rate in 1995 was reported for transportation and public utilities 
(9.1 cases per 100 full-time workers), followed by retail and wholesale trade
(7.5 cases per 100 workers).  (See "Background of the Survey" for a 
discussion of the factors that can influence rate changes from one survey to 
the next.)

                                      
(Chart 1 should appear here.)
(Chart 2 should appear here.)
                                     
The 1995 findings announced today are the second in a continuing series of 
three annual releases from the BLS safety and health statistical series. The 
first release, in August 1996, covered work-related fatalities from the 1995 
National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries.  In June 1997, a third release 
will provide details on the more seriously injured and ill workers (occupations, 
age, gender, race, and length of service) and on the circumstances of their 
injuries and illnesses (nature of the disabling condition, part of body 
affected, event or exposure, and primary source producing the disability).  
"More seriously" is defined in this survey as involving days away from work.

Lost workday cases

Nearly 3 million injuries and illnesses in 1995 were lost workday cases, that is, 
required recuperation away from work or restricted duties at work, or both.  
(See table 2.)  The incidence rate for all lost workday cases has declined 
steadily from 4.1 cases per 100 full-time workers in 1990 to 3.6 cases per 
100 workers in 1995.  (See chart 2.)  Rates for cases with days away from 
work have declined for five years in a row and, at 2.5 cases per 100 full-time 
workers in 1995, was the lowest on record.  By contrast, rates rose for cases 
involving restricted work activity only over the same period, from 0.7 cases 
per 100 workers in 1990 to 1.1 cases in 1995.

Injuries and Illnesses

Injuries.  Of the 6.6 million nonfatal injuries and illnesses in 1995, nearly 
6.1 million were injuries that resulted in either lost worktime, medical treatment 
other than first aid, loss of consciousness, restriction of work or motion, or 
transfer to another job.  Injury rates generally are higher for mid-size 
establishments employing 50 to 249 workers than for smaller or larger 
establishments, although this pattern does not hold within certain industry 
divisions.  (See table 3.)  Eight industries, each having at least 100,000 
injuries, accounted for about 1.8 million injuries, or nearly 30 percent of 
the 6.1 million total.  (See table 7.)

Illnesses.  There were about 495,000 newly reported cases of occupational illnesses 
in private industry in 1995.  Manufacturing accounted for slightly more than 
three-fifths of these cases.  Sixty-two percent (308,000) of the workplace 
illnesses were disorders associated with repeated trauma, such as carpal tunnel 
syndrome.  (See "Background of the Survey" for limitations on kinds of illnesses 
reported.)  The number of repeated trauma cases reported in 1995 was 7 percent 
lower than the corresponding 1994 figure (332,000), the first decline in these 
types of cases since 1982.  

Background of the Survey

The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses is a Federal/State program in 
which employer reports are collected from about 250,000 private industry 
establishments and processed by state agencies cooperating with the Bureau of 
Labor Statistics.  Occupational injury and illness data for coal, metal, and 
nonmetal mining and for railroad activities were provided by the Department of 
Labor’s Mine Safety and Health Administration and the Department of Transportation’s 
                                   
Federal Railroad Administration.  The survey measures nonfatal injuries and 
illnesses only.  The survey excludes the self-employed; farms with fewer than 
11 employees; private households; and employees in federal, state, and local 
government agencies.

The annual survey provides estimates of the number and frequency (incidence rates) 
of workplace injuries and illnesses based on logs kept by private industry employers 
during the year.  These records reflect not only the year’s injury and illness 
experience, but also the employer’s understanding of which cases are work related 
under current recordkeeping guidelines of the U.S. Department of Labor.  The number 
of injuries and illnesses reported in any given year also can be influenced by 
changes in the level of economic activity, working conditions and work practices, 
worker experience and training, and the number of hours worked.

The survey measures the number of new work-related illness cases which are recognized, 
diagnosed, and reported during the year.  Some conditions (e.g., long-term latent 
illnesses caused by exposure to carcinogens) often are difficult to relate to the 
workplace and are not adequately recognized and reported.  These long-term latent 
illnesses are believed to be understated in the survey’s illness measures.  The 
overwhelming majority of the reported new illnesses are those which are easier to 
directly relate to workplace activity (e.g., contact dermatitis or carpal tunnel 
syndrome).

The survey estimates of occupational injuries and illnesses are based on a 
scientifically  selected probability sample, rather than a census of the entire 
population.  These sample-based estimates may differ from the results which would be 
obtained from a census of the population.  The sample used was one of many possible 
samples, each of which could have produced different estimates.  The variation in the 
sample estimates across all possible samples that could have been drawn is measured 
by the standard error.

For example, the 1995 incidence rate for all occupational injuries and illnesses of 
8.1 per 100 full-time workers in private industry has an estimated relative standard 
error of about 0.6 percent or a standard error of less than 0.1.  A relative standard 
error was calculated for each estimate from the survey and will be published in a BLS 
bulletin that will be available later in 1997.

The data also are subject to nonsampling error.  The inability to obtain information 
about all cases in the sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, and 
definitional difficulties are examples of nonsampling error in the survey.  Nonsampling 
errors are not measured.  However, BLS has implemented quality assurance procedures to 
minimize nonsampling error in the survey.

The goods-producing sector consists of the following industry divisions:  agriculture, 
forestry, and fishing; mining; construction; and manufacturing.  The service-producing 
sector includes the following industry divisions:  transportation and public utilities; 
trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.

Beginning with the 1995 survey, modifications were made in the methodology used to 
adjust for survey nonresponse and data outliers and to benchmark the survey results.  
These changes were found to have minimal impact on the survey estimates.


Table 1.  Nonfatal occupational injury and illness incidence rates per 100 full-time workers,(1) by industry
division, 1995
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                            |                |                                 |                
                                            |                |        Lost workday cases       |                
                                            |                |_________________________________|      Cases     
             Industry division              |      Total     |                |                |  without lost  
                                            |      cases     |                |      With      |    workdays    
                                            |                |    Total (2)   |    days away   |                
                                            |                |                |  from work (3) |                
____________________________________________|________________|________________|________________|________________
                                            |                |                |                |                
                                            |                |                |                |                
 Private industry (4).......................|        8.1     |        3.6     |        2.5     |        4.4     
                                            |                |                |                |                
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing (4)......|        9.7     |        4.3     |        3.4     |        5.4     
Mining (5)..................................|        6.2     |        3.9     |        3.3     |        2.4     
Construction................................|       10.6     |        4.9     |        4.2     |        5.8     
Manufacturing...............................|       11.6     |        5.3     |        2.9     |        6.3     
 Durable goods..............................|       12.8     |        5.6     |        3.1     |        7.2     
 Nondurable goods...........................|        9.9     |        4.9     |        2.5     |        4.9     
Transportation and public utilities (5).....|        9.1     |        5.2     |        3.9     |        3.9     
Wholesale and retail trade..................|        7.5     |        3.2     |        2.4     |        4.3     
 Wholesale trade............................|        7.5     |        3.6     |        2.6     |        3.9     
 Retail trade...............................|        7.5     |        3.0     |        2.3     |        4.5     
Finance, insurance, and real estate.........|        2.6     |        1.0     |         .8     |        1.6     
Services....................................|        6.4     |        2.8     |        2.0     |        3.6     
____________________________________________|________________|________________|________________|________________

  1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses per 100 full-time workers and were
calculated as:  
(N/EH) x 200,000, where                                                                                         
                                                                         
     N       = number of injuries and illnesses        
     EH      = total hours worked by all employees during        
               the calendar year                          
     200,000 = base for 100 equivalent full-time workers   
               (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year).                   
     
  2 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in addition to days-away-from-work cases with
or without restricted work activity.

  3 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work
activity.

  4 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees.

  5 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for
employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S.
Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.  Independent
mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries.

   NOTE:  Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals.


  SOURCE:  Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.
  
 
Table 2.  Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses, by industry division, 1995
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                          |                 |                                   |                 
                                          |                 |         Lost workday cases        |                 
                                          |                 |___________________________________|      Cases      
                                          |      Total      |                 |                 |   without lost  
            Industry division             |      cases      |                 |       With      |     workdays    
                                          |     (000's)     |    Total (1)    |    days away    |     (000's)     
                                          |                 |     (000's)     |  from work (2)  |                 
                                          |                 |                 |     (000's)     |                 
__________________________________________|_________________|_________________|_________________|_________________
                                          |                 |                 |                 |                 
          INJURIES AND ILLNESSES          |                 |                 |                 |                 
                                          |                 |                 |                 |                 
   Private industry (3)...................|     6,575.4     |     2,972.1     |     2,040.9     |     3,603.2     
                                          |                 |                 |                 |                 
  Agriculture, forestry, and fishing (3)..|       120.8     |        53.5     |        42.1     |        67.2     
  Mining (4)..............................|        37.8     |        23.4     |        19.8     |        14.4     
  Construction............................|       484.9     |       221.9     |       190.6     |       262.9     
  Manufacturing...........................|     2,122.6     |       970.7     |       527.5     |     1,151.9     
   Durable goods..........................|     1,370.1     |       595.2     |       336.0     |       774.9     
   Nondurable goods.......................|       752.4     |       375.5     |       191.5     |       376.9     
  Transportation and public utilities (4).|       523.6     |       299.2     |       222.9     |       224.3     
  Wholesale and retail trade..............|     1,632.1     |       693.8     |       515.6     |       938.3     
   Wholesale trade........................|       458.9     |       221.6     |       159.9     |       237.3     
   Retail trade...........................|     1,173.2     |       472.2     |       355.7     |       701.0     
  Finance, insurance, and real estate.....|       155.5     |        59.3     |        47.2     |        96.2     
  Services................................|     1,498.1     |       650.2     |       475.3     |       847.9     
                                          |                 |                 |                 |                 
                 INJURIES                 |                 |                 |                 |                 
                                          |                 |                 |                 |                 
   Private industry (3)...................|     6,080.6     |     2,767.6     |     1,934.3     |     3,313.0     
                                          |                 |                 |                 |                 
  Agriculture, forestry, and fishing (3)..|       115.4     |        51.7     |        40.8     |        63.7     
  Mining (4)..............................|        36.3     |        22.8     |        19.3     |        13.4     
  Construction............................|       476.2     |       217.9     |       186.8     |       258.2     
  Manufacturing...........................|     1,818.3     |       838.1     |       475.5     |       980.2     
   Durable goods..........................|     1,181.7     |       520.4     |       303.6     |       661.4     
   Nondurable goods.......................|       636.6     |       317.7     |       171.9     |       318.8     
  Transportation and public utilities (4).|       502.0     |       289.2     |       215.1     |       212.8     
  Wholesale and retail trade..............|     1,583.9     |       674.3     |       501.1     |       909.6     
   Wholesale trade........................|       445.8     |       214.7     |       155.0     |       231.1     
   Retail trade...........................|     1,138.1     |       459.6     |       346.2     |       678.5     
  Finance, insurance, and real estate.....|       138.3     |        52.2     |        41.6     |        86.1     
  Services................................|     1,410.2     |       621.4     |       454.0     |       788.9     
                                          |                 |                 |                 |                 
                ILLNESSES                 |                 |                 |                 |                 
                                          |                 |                 |                 |                 
   Private industry (3)...................|       494.8     |       204.5     |       106.6     |       290.3     
                                          |                 |                 |                 |                 
  Agriculture, forestry, and fishing (3)..|         5.4     |         1.9     |         1.3     |         3.5     
  Mining (4)..............................|         1.5     |          .6     |          .5     |          .9     
  Construction............................|         8.7     |         4.0     |         3.8     |         4.7     
  Manufacturing...........................|       304.3     |       132.6     |        51.9     |       171.7     
   Durable goods..........................|       188.4     |        74.8     |        32.4     |       113.6     
   Nondurable goods.......................|       115.9     |        57.8     |        19.5     |        58.1     
  Transportation and public utilities (4).|        21.6     |        10.1     |         7.8     |        11.6     
  Wholesale and retail trade..............|        48.2     |        19.5     |        14.4     |        28.7     
   Wholesale trade........................|        13.1     |         6.9     |         4.9     |         6.2     
   Retail trade...........................|        35.1     |        12.5     |         9.6     |        22.5     
  Finance, insurance, and real estate.....|        17.2     |         7.1     |         5.6     |        10.1     
  Services................................|        87.9     |        28.8     |        21.3     |        59.1     
__________________________________________|_________________|_________________|_________________|_________________

  1 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in addition to days-away-from-work cases with or
without restricted work activity.

  2 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work
activity.

  3 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees.

  4 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers
in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of
Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.  Independent mining contractors
are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries.

  NOTE:  Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals.
  
  SOURCE:  Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.


Table 3.  Nonfatal occupational injury incidence rates per 100 full-time workers,(1) by industry division and
employment size, 1995
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                   |            |                                                                
                                   |            |             Establishment employment size (workers)            
                                   |     All    |________________________________________________________________
         Industry division         | establish- |            |            |            |            |            
                                   |    ments   |      1     |     11     |     50     |     250    |    1,000   
                                   |            |     to     |     to     |     to     |     to     |     or     
                                   |            |     10     |     49     |     249    |     999    |    more    
___________________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________
                                   |            |            |            |            |            |            
                                   |            |            |            |            |            |            
 Private industry (2)..............|      7.5   |      3.0   |      6.5   |      9.6   |      8.5   |      7.8   
                                   |            |            |            |            |            |            
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing |            |            |            |            |            |            
(2)................................|      9.3   |      6.1   |      9.7   |     10.7   |      9.2   |      8.9   
                                   |            |            |            |            |            |            
Mining (3).........................|      6.0   |      4.2   |      6.7   |      6.6   |      5.0   |      -     
                                   |            |            |            |            |            |            
Construction.......................|     10.4   |      6.3   |     12.1   |     12.3   |      9.6   |      2.9   
                                   |            |            |            |            |            |            
Manufacturing......................|      9.9   |      4.5   |      9.6   |     11.7   |      9.3   |      9.3   
                                   |            |            |            |            |            |            
 Durable goods.....................|     11.0   |      5.9   |     11.5   |     13.3   |      9.9   |     10.1   
                                   |            |            |            |            |            |            
 Nondurable goods..................|      8.3   |      2.5   |      6.6   |      9.8   |      8.5   |      7.5   
                                   |            |            |            |            |            |            
Transportation and public utilities|            |            |            |            |            |            
(3)................................|      8.7   |      3.8   |      7.3   |     10.3   |      8.5   |      9.9   
                                   |            |            |            |            |            |            
Wholesale and retail trade.........|      7.3   |      2.8   |      6.4   |      9.7   |     10.3   |      7.7   
                                   |            |            |            |            |            |            
 Wholesale trade...................|      7.3   |      3.4   |      6.4   |     10.0   |      9.6   |      6.6   
                                   |            |            |            |            |            |            
 Retail trade......................|      7.2   |      2.6   |      6.4   |      9.6   |     10.6   |      7.9   
                                   |            |            |            |            |            |            
Finance, insurance, and real estate|      2.3   |      1.8   |      2.6   |      2.9   |      2.5   |      1.5   
                                   |            |            |            |            |            |            
Services...........................|      6.1   |      2.0   |      3.9   |      8.5   |      7.7   |      7.5   
___________________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

  1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as: 
(N/EH) x 200,000, where   
     N       = number of injuries                      
     EH      = total hours worked by all employees during the calendar year                          
     200,000 = base for 100 equivalent full-time workers         
               (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year).        

  2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees.

  3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for
employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S.
Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.  Independent
mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries.

 - Data not available.

   SOURCE:  Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.


Table 4. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates per 100 full-time workers,(1) 1973-95(2)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                  |                                               |                                               
                  |             Injuries and illnesses            |                    Injuries                   
                  |_______________________________________________|_______________________________________________
                  |           |                       |           |           |                       |           
                  |           |   Lost workday cases  |           |           |   Lost workday cases  |           
       Year       |           |_______________________|   Cases   |           |_______________________|   Cases   
                  |   Total   |           |           |  without  |   Total   |           |           |  without  
                  |   cases   |           |    With   |    lost   |   cases   |           |    With   |    lost   
                  |           | Total (3) | days away |  workdays |           | Total (3) | days away |  workdays 
                  |           |           | from work |           |           |           | from work |           
                  |           |           |    (4)    |           |           |           |    (4)    |           
__________________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________
                  |           |           |           |           |           |           |           |           
1973..............|    11.0   |     3.4   |     -     |     7.5   |    10.6   |     3.3   |     -     |     7.3   
1974..............|    10.4   |     3.5   |     -     |     6.9   |    10.0   |     3.4   |     -     |     6.6   
1975..............|     9.1   |     3.3   |     3.2   |     5.8   |     8.8   |     3.2   |     3.1   |     5.6   
1976..............|     9.2   |     3.5   |     3.3   |     5.7   |     8.9   |     3.4   |     3.2   |     5.5   
1977..............|     9.3   |     3.8   |     3.6   |     5.5   |     9.0   |     3.7   |     3.5   |     5.3   
1978 (5)..........|     9.4   |     4.1   |     3.8   |     5.3   |     9.2   |     4.0   |     3.7   |     5.2   
1979 (5)..........|     9.5   |     4.3   |     4.0   |     5.2   |     9.2   |     4.2   |     3.9   |     5.0   
1980..............|     8.7   |     4.0   |     3.7   |     4.7   |     8.5   |     3.9   |     3.6   |     4.6   
1981..............|     8.3   |     3.8   |     3.5   |     4.5   |     8.1   |     3.7   |     3.4   |     4.4   
1982..............|     7.7   |     3.5   |     3.2   |     4.2   |     7.6   |     3.4   |     3.2   |     4.1   
1983 (5)..........|     7.6   |     3.4   |     3.2   |     4.2   |     7.5   |     3.4   |     3.1   |     4.1   
1984 (5)..........|     8.0   |     3.7   |     3.4   |     4.3   |     7.8   |     3.6   |     3.3   |     4.2   
1985..............|     7.9   |     3.6   |     3.3   |     4.3   |     7.7   |     3.6   |     3.3   |     4.2   
1986..............|     7.9   |     3.6   |     3.3   |     4.3   |     7.7   |     3.6   |     3.3   |     4.2   
1987..............|     8.3   |     3.8   |     3.4   |     4.4   |     8.0   |     3.7   |     3.3   |     4.3   
1988..............|     8.6   |     4.0   |     3.5   |     4.6   |     8.3   |     3.8   |     3.4   |     4.4   
1989..............|     8.6   |     4.0   |     3.4   |     4.6   |     8.2   |     3.9   |     3.3   |     4.4   
1990..............|     8.8   |     4.1   |     3.4   |     4.7   |     8.3   |     3.9   |     3.3   |     4.5   
1991..............|     8.4   |     3.9   |     3.2   |     4.5   |     7.9   |     3.7   |     3.1   |     4.2   
1992 (6)..........|     8.9   |     3.9   |     3.0   |     5.0   |     8.3   |     3.6   |     2.9   |     4.7   
1993 (6)..........|     8.5   |     3.8   |     2.9   |     4.8   |     7.9   |     3.5   |     2.7   |     4.4   
1994 (6)..........|     8.4   |     3.8   |     2.8   |     4.6   |     7.7   |     3.5   |     2.6   |     4.2   
1995 (6)..........|     8.1   |     3.6   |     2.5   |     4.4   |     7.5   |     3.4   |     2.4   |     4.1   
__________________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________|___________

  1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses per 100 full-time workers and were
calculated as:  
(N/EH) x 200,000, where                     
     
     N       = number of injuries and illnesses         
     EH      = total hours worked by all employees during the calendar year                           
     200,000 = base for 100 equivalent full-time workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year).                  

  2 Data for 1973-1975 are based on the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1967 Edtiiton; data for
1976-1987 are based on the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1972 Edition; and data for 1988-1995 are
based on the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 Edition.

  3 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in addition to days-away-from-work cases with or
without restricted work activity.

  4 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work
activity.

  5 To maintain historical comparability with the rest of the series, data for small nonfarm employers in low-risk
industries who were not surveyed were imputed and included in the survey estimates.

  6 Data exclude fatal work-related injuries and illnesses.

  NOTE:  Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals.  Data for 1976-1995 exclude farms with fewer
than 11 employees. 
  - Data not available.                              
  
  SOURCE:  Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.


Table 5.  Nonfatal occupational injury and illness incidence rates per 100 full-time workers,(1) by industry division, 1992-95
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                 |                           |                                                       |                           
                                 |                           |                   Lost workday cases                  |                           
                                 |                           |_______________________________________________________|                           
                                 |        Total cases        |                           |                           |Cases without lost workdays
                                 |                           |                           |                           |                           
        Industry division        |                           |         Total (2)         |  With days away from work |                           
                                 |___________________________|                           |            (3)            |___________________________
                                 |      |      |      |      |___________________________|                           |      |      |      |      
                                 |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |___________________________|      |      |      |      
                                 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 |      |      |      |      | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 
                                 |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 |      |      |      |      
_________________________________|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______
                                 |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
      Private industry (4).......|   8.9|   8.5|   8.4|   8.1|   3.9|   3.8|   3.8|   3.6|   3.0|   2.9|   2.8|   2.5|   5.0|   4.8|   4.6|   4.4
                                 |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
Agriculture, forestry, and       |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
fishing (4)......................|  11.6|  11.2|  10.0|   9.7|   5.4|   5.0|   4.7|   4.3|   4.7|   4.2|   3.9|   3.4|   6.2|   6.2|   5.2|   5.4
Mining (5).......................|   7.3|   6.8|   6.3|   6.2|   4.1|   3.9|   3.9|   3.9|   3.6|   3.3|   3.3|   3.3|   3.3|   2.9|   2.4|   2.4
Construction.....................|  13.1|  12.2|  11.8|  10.6|   5.8|   5.5|   5.5|   4.9|   5.3|   4.9|   4.9|   4.2|   7.3|   6.7|   6.3|   5.8
Manufacturing....................|  12.5|  12.1|  12.2|  11.6|   5.4|   5.3|   5.5|   5.3|   3.5|   3.3|   3.2|   2.9|   7.1|   6.8|   6.8|   6.3
  Durable goods..................|  13.4|  13.1|  13.5|  12.8|   5.5|   5.4|   5.7|   5.6|   3.7|   3.5|   3.5|   3.1|   7.9|   7.7|   7.8|   7.2
  Nondurable goods...............|  11.3|  10.7|  10.5|   9.9|   5.3|   5.0|   5.1|   4.9|   3.3|   3.0|   2.8|   2.5|   6.0|   5.7|   5.3|   4.9
Transportation and public        |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
utilities (5)....................|   9.1|   9.5|   9.3|   9.1|   5.1|   5.4|   5.5|   5.2|   4.2|   4.3|   4.2|   3.9|   4.0|   4.1|   3.9|   3.9
Wholesale and retail trade.......|   8.4|   8.1|   7.9|   7.5|   3.5|   3.4|   3.4|   3.2|   2.9|   2.8|   2.7|   2.4|   4.9|   4.7|   4.4|   4.3
  Wholesale trade................|   7.6|   7.8|   7.7|   7.5|   3.6|   3.7|   3.8|   3.6|   3.0|   2.8|   2.8|   2.6|   3.9|   4.1|   3.9|   3.9
  Retail trade...................|   8.7|   8.2|   7.9|   7.5|   3.4|   3.3|   3.3|   3.0|   2.9|   2.7|   2.6|   2.3|   5.3|   4.9|   4.6|   4.5
Finance, insurance, and real     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |      
estate...........................|   2.9|   2.9|   2.7|   2.6|   1.2|   1.2|   1.1|   1.0|   1.0|   1.0|    .9|    .8|   1.7|   1.7|   1.6|   1.6
Services.........................|   7.1|   6.7|   6.5|   6.4|   3.0|   2.8|   2.8|   2.8|   2.5|   2.3|   2.2|   2.0|   4.2|   3.9|   3.7|   3.6
_________________________________|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______|______

  1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as:  (N/EH) x 200,000, where
                                                                                                                                                 
                
     N       = number of injuries and illnesses                         
     EH      = total hours worked by all employees during the calendar year                
     200,000 = base for 100 equivalent full-time workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year).                                                                          
 
  2 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in addition to days-away-from-work cases with or without restricted work activity.       

  3 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity.

  4 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees.

  5 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are
provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department
of Transportation.  Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries.

    NOTE:  Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals.

  SOURCE:  Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.


Table 6.  Nonfatal occupational injury incidence rates per 100 full-time workers,(1) by industry, 1995
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                        |            |            |            |                         |            
                                        |            |            |            |    Lost workday cases   |            
                                        |            |   Annual   |            |_________________________|            
                                        |     SIC    |   average  |    Total   |            |            |    Cases   
              Industry (2)              |  code (3)  | employment |    cases   |            |    With    |without lost
                                        |            |     (4)    |            |  Total (5) |  days away |  workdays  
                                        |            |   (000's)  |            |            |  from work |            
                                        |            |            |            |            |     (6)    |            
________________________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
 Private industry (7)...................|            | 96,886.0   |      7.5   |      3.4   |      2.4   |      4.1   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing (7)..|            |   1,641.3  |      9.3   |      4.2   |      3.3   |      5.1   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
Agricultural production (7).............|   01-02    |     734.9  |      9.9   |      4.5   |      3.4   |      5.3   
 Agricultural production-crops (7)......|       01   |     566.6  |      9.3   |      4.4   |      3.3   |      4.9   
 Agricultural production-livestock (7)..|       02   |     168.3  |     11.8   |      5.1   |      3.8   |      6.7   
 Agricultural services..................|       07   |     869.1  |      8.9   |      3.9   |      3.2   |      5.0   
 Forestry...............................|       08   |      24.4  |      9.3   |      4.7   |      4.2   |      4.6   
 Fishing, hunting, and trapping.........|       09   |      12.9  |      8.4   |      5.0   |      4.0   |      3.4   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
Mining (8)..............................|            |     582.4  |      6.0   |      3.8   |      3.2   |      2.2   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
 Metal mining (8).......................|      10    |      51.4  |      4.9   |      2.8   |      1.8   |      2.2   
 Coal mining (8)........................|      12    |     104.5  |      8.7   |      6.6   |      6.2   |      2.0   
 Oil and gas extraction ................|      13    |     319.5  |      5.6   |      3.3   |      2.7   |      2.3   
 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels (8).|      14    |     107.0  |      5.3   |      3.2   |      2.5   |      2.1   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
Construction............................|            |   5,088.1  |     10.4   |      4.8   |      4.1   |      5.7   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
 General building contractors...........|      15    |   1,202.0  |      9.6   |      4.3   |      3.7   |      5.3   
 Heavy construction, except building....|      16    |     748.9  |      9.6   |      4.7   |      3.8   |      4.9   
 Special trade contractors..............|      17    |   3,137.2  |     10.9   |      5.0   |      4.3   |      6.0   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
Manufacturing...........................|            |  18,473.4  |      9.9   |      4.6   |      2.6   |      5.3   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
Durable goods...........................|            | 10,658.9   |     11.0   |      4.9   |      2.8   |      6.2   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
 Lumber and wood products...............|      24    |     767.0  |     14.2   |      6.7   |      4.5   |      7.4   
 Furniture and fixtures.................|      25    |     508.9  |     12.5   |      5.7   |      3.1   |      6.8   
 Stone, clay, and glass products........|      32    |     539.5  |     11.3   |      5.3   |      3.3   |      6.0   
 Primary metal industries...............|      33    |     708.1  |     14.9   |      6.7   |      4.0   |      8.2   
 Fabricated metal products..............|      34    |   1,438.4  |     14.5   |      6.3   |      3.8   |      8.1   
 Industrial machinery and equipment.....|      35    |   2,060.8  |     10.1   |      4.0   |      2.5   |      6.1   
 Electronic and other electric equipment|      36    |   1,624.0  |      6.0   |      2.6   |      1.4   |      3.4   
 Transportation equipment...............|      37    |   1,783.0  |     14.2   |      6.4   |      3.2   |      7.9   
 Instruments and related products.......|      38    |     838.0  |      4.0   |      1.8   |      1.0   |      2.2   
 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.|      39    |     391.2  |      8.0   |      3.6   |      2.3   |      4.3   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
Nondurable goods........................|            |   7,814.4  |      8.3   |      4.2   |      2.3   |      4.2   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
 Food and kindred products..............|      20    |   1,680.1  |     13.0   |      6.9   |      3.5   |      6.1   
 Tobacco products.......................|      21    |      40.8  |      5.2   |      2.5   |      1.7   |      2.7   
 Textile mill products..................|      22    |     666.5  |      7.0   |      3.6   |      1.4   |      3.4   
 Apparel and other textile products.....|      23    |     933.1  |      6.3   |      2.7   |      1.6   |      3.6   
 Paper and allied products..............|      26    |     691.8  |      7.8   |      3.9   |      2.1   |      3.9   
 Printing and publishing................|      27    |   1,541.0  |      5.8   |      2.7   |      1.8   |      3.1   
 Chemicals and allied products..........|      28    |   1,033.6  |      4.8   |      2.4   |      1.2   |      2.4   
 Petroleum and coal products............|      29    |     145.1  |      4.6   |      2.3   |      1.2   |      2.3   
 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics      |            |            |            |            |            |            
 products...............................|      30    |     977.0  |     11.7   |      5.8   |      3.2   |      5.9   
 Leather and leather products...........|      31    |     105.5  |      9.0   |      3.7   |      2.3   |      5.2   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
Transportation and public utilities (8).|            |   5,857.8  |      8.7   |      5.0   |      3.7   |      3.7   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
 Railroad transportation (8)............|      40    |      ±     |      4.1   |      3.2   |      2.7   |      1.0   
 Local and interurban passenger transit.|      41    |     397.5  |      9.9   |      5.6   |      4.8   |      4.3   
 Trucking and warehousing...............|      42    |   1,874.7  |     13.6   |      8.0   |      5.8   |      5.6   
 Water transportation...................|      44    |     177.8  |      8.8   |      4.8   |      4.5   |      4.0   
 Transportation by air..................|      45    |     776.0  |     13.1   |      7.9   |      6.3   |      5.2   
 Pipelines, except natural gas..........|      46    |      15.0  |      1.6   |       .8   |       .7   |       .8   
 Transportation services................|      47    |     407.2  |      4.4   |      2.4   |      1.7   |      2.0   
 Communications.........................|      48    |   1,304.3  |      2.7   |      1.5   |      1.2   |      1.2   
 Electric, gas, and sanitary services...|      49    |     904.5  |      7.0   |      3.5   |      2.0   |      3.5   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
Wholesale and retail trade..............|            | 27,563.7   |      7.3   |      3.1   |      2.3   |      4.2   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
Wholesale trade.........................|            |   6,389.8  |      7.3   |      3.5   |      2.5   |      3.8   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
 Wholesale trade--durable goods.........|      50    |   3,724.7  |      6.6   |      3.0   |      2.2   |      3.6   
 Wholesale trade--nondurable goods......|      51    |   2,665.1  |      8.3   |      4.3   |      3.1   |      4.0   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
Retail trade............................|            |  21,173.9  |      7.2   |      2.9   |      2.2   |      4.3   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
 Building materials and garden supplies.|      52    |     860.2  |      9.3   |      4.5   |      3.1   |      4.8   
 General merchandise stores.............|      53    |   2,662.6  |     10.0   |      5.0   |      3.1   |      5.0   
 Food stores............................|      54    |   3,359.3  |      9.0   |      3.7   |      2.8   |      5.2   
 Automotive dealers and service stations|      55    |   2,187.8  |      6.7   |      2.5   |      2.1   |      4.2   
 Apparel and accessory stores...........|      56    |   1,143.9  |      3.7   |      1.5   |      1.0   |      2.2   
 Furniture and homefurnishings stores...|      57    |     947.8  |      5.6   |      2.6   |      2.0   |      2.9   
 Eating and drinking places.............|      58    |   7,351.9  |      7.4   |      2.4   |      2.0   |      4.9   
 Miscellaneous retail...................|      59    |   2,660.3  |      4.0   |      1.8   |      1.3   |      2.2   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
Finance, insurance, and real estate.....|            |   6,617.6  |      2.3   |       .9   |       .7   |      1.4   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
 Depository institutions................|      60    |   2,020.8  |      1.9   |       .5   |       .4   |      1.4   
 Nondepository institutions.............|      61    |     462.5  |      1.1   |       .4   |       .3   |       .7   
 Security and commodity brokers.........|      62    |     522.5  |      0.7   |      0.2   |      0.2   |      0.5   
 Insurance carriers.....................|      63    |   1,372.1  |      1.8   |       .6   |       .5   |      1.2   
 Insurance agents, brokers, and service.|      64    |     694.6  |      1.0   |       .4   |       .3   |       .7   
 Real estate............................|      65    |   1,342.8  |      5.5   |      2.5   |      1.9   |      3.0   
 Holding and other investment offices...|      67    |     202.3  |      2.4   |      1.0   |       .7   |      1.3   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
Services................................|            |  30,920.3  |      6.1   |      2.7   |      2.0   |      3.4   
                                        |            |            |            |            |            |            
 Hotels and other lodging places........|      70    |   1,662.0  |      9.3   |      4.1   |      2.7   |      5.2   
 Personal services......................|      72    |   1,166.2  |      3.8   |      1.8   |      1.3   |      2.0   
 Business services......................|      73    |   6,798.8  |      4.3   |      2.0   |      1.5   |      2.4   
 Auto repair, services, and parking.....|      75    |   1,015.1  |      6.5   |      2.8   |      2.3   |      3.8   
 Miscellaneous repair services..........|      76    |     359.1  |      7.9   |      3.7   |      2.9   |      4.3   
 Motion pictures........................|      78    |     489.9  |      3.1   |      1.0   |       .7   |      2.2   
 Amusement and recreation services......|      79    |   1,454.7  |      9.0   |      4.2   |      2.5   |      4.9   
 Health services........................|      80    |   9,203.1  |      8.6   |      3.8   |      2.7   |      4.8   
 Legal services.........................|      81    |     923.4  |       .8   |       .3   |       .2   |       .5   
 Educational services...................|      82    |   1,418.8  |      3.7   |      1.3   |      1.1   |      2.3   
 Social services........................|      83    |   2,270.6  |      7.4   |      3.3   |      2.5   |      4.1   
 Museums, botanical, zoological gardens.|      84    |      80.0  |      6.9   |      3.0   |      2.1   |      3.9   
 Membership organizations...............|      86    |     952.9  |      3.7   |      1.4   |      1.2   |      2.2   
 Engineering and management services....|      87    |   2,739.1  |      2.1   |       .9   |       .6   |      1.2   
 Services, n.e.c........................|      89    |      44.7  |      2.1   |       .9   |       .8   |      1.1   
________________________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

  1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as:  (N/EH) x
200,000, where       
     
     N       = number of injuries                             
     EH      = total hours worked by all employees during the calendar year                                    
     200,000 = base for 100 equivalent full-time workers  (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year).                        
     
  2 Totals for divisions include data for industries not shown separately.
 
  3 Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 Edition.     

  4 Employment is expressed as an annual average and is derived primarily from the BLS-State Covered Employment and
Wages program.

  5 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in addition to days-away-from-work cases with or
without restricted work activity.

  6 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work
activity.

  7 Incidence rates exclude farms with fewer than 11 employees.

  8 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in
railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor;
and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.  Independent mining contractors are
excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries.

    NOTE:  Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals.
  - Data not available.
  
  SOURCE:  Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.


Table 7.  Nonfatal occupational injuries: number of cases and incidence rates, per 100 full-time workers,1 for
industries with 100,000 or more injury cases, 1995
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                             |                      |                      |                      
                                             |          SIC         |         Total        |       Incidence      
                 Industry 2                  |        code 3        |         cases        |         rate         
                                             |                      |        (000's)       |                      
_____________________________________________|______________________|______________________|______________________
                                             |                      |                      |                      
                                             |                      |                      |                      
Eating and drinking places...................|          581         |          365.6       |           7.4        
                                             |                      |                      |                      
Hospitals....................................|          806         |          268.9       |           9.0        
                                             |                      |                      |                      
Nursing and personal care facilities.........|          805         |          246.9       |          17.8        
                                             |                      |                      |                      
Trucking and courier services, except air....|          421         |          229.0       |          13.9        
                                             |                      |                      |                      
Grocery stores...............................|          541         |          203.1       |           9.6        
                                             |                      |                      |                      
Department stores............................|          531         |          173.2       |          10.3        
                                             |                      |                      |                      
Motor vehicles and equipment.................|          371         |          169.4       |          17.0        
                                             |                      |                      |                      
Hotels and motels............................|          701         |          119.4       |           9.4        
_____________________________________________|______________________|______________________|______________________

  1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as:
(N/EH) X 200,000 where, 
     
     N       = number of injuries                   
     EH      = total hours worked by all employees during          
               the calendar year                         
     200,000 = base for 100 equivalent full-time workers    
               (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year).              
     
  2 Industries with 100,000 or more cases were determined by analysis of the number of cases at the 3-digit SIC
code level.
  3 Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 Edition.

  SOURCE:  Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.