National Compensation Survey:

Retirement Plan Provisions in Private Industry in the

United States, 2019

U.S. Department of Labor

Eugene Scalia, Secretary

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

William W. Beach Commissioner

April 2020

Bulletin 2792

Contents

Overview

Retirement tables

Appendix table 1: Survey establishment response

Appendix table 2: Number of workers represented

Technical note 
Overview 

The National Compensation Survey (NCS) provides comprehensive measures of compensation cost 

trends and the coverage, costs, and provisions of employer-sponsored benefits in the United States. 

This bulletin presents 2019 estimates of the detailed benefit provisions of retirement plans in private 

industry by worker and establishment characteristics.

Retirement benefits detailed provisions include:

• Defined benefit plans: availability and eligibility requirements for open plans, benefit features,

primary formulas, vesting requirements, and integration with social security;

Cash balance plans: employer contributions; 

Traditional defined benefit plans: normal retirement age and service requirements, terminal 

earnings, and early retirement availability and requirements. 

• Defined contribution plans: type of plan and plan sponsor;

Deferred profit-sharing plans: benefit features, method of employee contribution, and methods 

of benefit distribution; 

Money purchase pension plans: methods of contribution, methods of distribution, employee 

contribution thresholds for employer matching; 

Savings and thrift plans: summary of provisions, methods of benefit distribution, eligibility 

requirements, maximum employee contributions, methods of employer matching, automatic 

enrollment, vesting requirements, investment choices, and automatic escalation features. 

Estimates are also accessible in an Excel format and through the database. Estimates for prior years 

and other benefits publications are available from the National Compensation Survey – Benefits

homepage. 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) staff designed the survey, collected and reviewed the survey 

data, and prepared survey estimates for publication. The survey could not have been conducted

without the cooperation of the many private establishments that provided benefits data. BLS thanks

these respondents for their cooperation. The benefits website also publishes information for 

respondents. For information about the survey design, concepts, and product calculations see the 

Handbook of Methods: National Compensation Measures. 
For more information on benefit estimates, contact the National Compensation Survey staff by:

Email: Online form 

Telephone: (202) 691-6199 (Monday–Friday, 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time) 

Services for individuals with a sensory impairment: 

Information voice phone: (202) 691-5200 The Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339

Write or personal visit: 

Bureau of Labor Statistics 

Employer-Sponsored Benefits

2 Massachusetts Ave., N.E. - Suite 4160

Washington, D.C. 20212-0001

The contents of this publication are in the public domain and, with appropriate citation, may be

reproduced without permission.
Table 1. Defined benefit plans: Availability and eligibility requirements for open plans, private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Plans open to

new

employees

Open to new employees

Plans not

open to new

employees

Not

determinable

Minimum

age and

service

requirement

Minimum

age only

requirement

Minimum

service only

requirement

No minimum

age or

service

requirement

Age and

service

requirement

not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 54 18 – 22 13 – 46 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 47 20 – 15 11 – 53 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 44 – – 8 10 1 ( ) 56 –

Professional and related ...................................... 49 15 – 21 12 – 51 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 39 14 – 13 12 – 61 –

Sales and related ................................................. 26 – – – – – 74 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 43 15 – 15 12 – 57 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 90 – – 69 18 – 10 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 95 – – 72 22 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 79 – – 62 – – 21 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 47 – – 16 9 2 53 –

Production ............................................................ 37 – – – – 4 63 –

Transportation and material moving .................... 54 – – 20 – – 46 –

Full time ................................................................... 52 16 – 23 12 – 48 –

Part time .................................................................. 70 34 – – – – 30 –

Union ....................................................................... 71 12 – 39 19 – 29 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 43 21 – 12 9 – 57 –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 53 – – 11 12 1 ( ) 47 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 50 20 – 18 10 – 50 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 57 – – 30 14 1 ( ) 43 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 48 – – 22 13 1 ( ) 52 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 58 – – 38 9 2 42 –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 34 – – – – 3 66 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 52 21 – 16 14 – 48 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 56 – – 17 20 – 44 –

Retail trade ...................................................... 53 – – – – – – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 55 – – – – – 45 –

Utilities ............................................................. 57 – – 33 23 – 43 –

Financial activities ................................................ 39 19 – 9 – – 61 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 37 19 – – – – 63 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 17 – – – – – 83 –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 59 37 – – – – 41 –

Professional and business services ..................... – – – – – – 60 –

Education and health services ............................. 75 – – 23 – – 25 –

Educational services ........................................ 61 – – – – – 39 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 42 24 – – – – 58 –

Health care and social assistance ................... 79 – – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Defined benefit plans: Availability and eligibility requirements for open plans, private industry workers,

2019—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Plans open to

new

employees

Open to new employees

Plans not

open to new

employees

Not

determinable

Minimum

age and

service

requirement

Minimum

age only

requirement

Minimum

service only

requirement

No minimum

age or

service

requirement

Age and

service

requirement

not

determinable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 70 – – 35 16 – 30 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 65 – – 31 – – 35 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 79 – – 42 – – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 49 17 – 18 12 – 51 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 56 10 – 27 16 – 44 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 46 20 – 14 10 – 54 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 65 24 – 17 22 – 35 –

New England ....................................................... 71 40 – – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 63 – – – 24 – 37 –

South ....................................................................... 47 – – 16 – 1 ( ) 53 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 51 – – 19 – – 49 –

East South Central ............................................... – – – – – – 82 –

West South Central .............................................. 54 – – – – 2 46 –

Midwest .................................................................... 49 10 – 25 – 1 51 –

East North Central ............................................... 48 – – 26 – – 52 –

West North Central .............................................. 57 – – 24 – 8 43 –

West ......................................................................... 51 6 – 34 – 1 49 –

Pacific .................................................................. 57 – – 39 – 1 43 –

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 1. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Availability and eligibility requirements for open plans, private industry

workers, 2019

Characteristics

Plans open to

new

employees

Open to new employees

Plans not

open to new

employees

Not

determinable Minimum age

and service

requirement

Minimum age

only

requirement

Minimum

service only

requirement

No minimum

age or

service

requirement

Age and

service

requirement

not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 3.1 3.2 – 2.4 2.0 – 3.1 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 4.4 4.9 – 3.1 2.8 – 4.4 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 6.6 – – 2.1 2.8 0.4 6.6 –

Professional and related ...................................... 6.4 4.5 – 5.2 3.5 – 6.4 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 4.0 3.0 – 2.4 2.7 – 4.0 –

Sales and related ................................................. 6.4 – – – – – 6.4 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 4.1 3.4 – 2.8 2.8 – 4.1 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.1 – – 4.5 4.2 – 3.1 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 2.7 – – 5.9 6.4 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 5.7 – – 7.7 – – 5.7 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 6.5 – – 4.7 2.7 1.2 6.5 –

Production ............................................................ 7.3 – – – – 3.2 7.3 –

Transportation and material moving .................... 9.1 – – 5.9 – – 9.1 –

Full time ................................................................... 3.1 3.4 – 2.6 2.0 – 3.1 –

Part time .................................................................. 6.8 9.8 – – – – 6.8 –

Union ....................................................................... 4.6 3.2 – 4.3 3.3 – 4.6 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 4.2 4.7 – 2.1 2.5 – 4.2 –

Average wage within the following categories1:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 8.6 – – 3.3 3.0 0.3 8.6 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 3.9 3.8 – 2.7 2.1 – 3.9 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 3.9 – – 4.3 2.7 0.1 3.9 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 4.4 – – 3.9 3.4 0.3 4.4 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 5.9 – – 5.4 2.3 1.4 5.9 –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 5.8 – – – – 2.2 5.8 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 3.5 4.2 – 2.5 2.6 – 3.5 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 5.7 – – 3.9 5.3 – 5.7 –

Retail trade ...................................................... 10.2 – – – – – – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 12.5 – – – – – 12.5 –

Utilities ............................................................. 5.3 – – 6.5 4.4 – 5.3 –

Financial activities ................................................ 4.4 3.7 – 2.4 – – 4.4 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 4.4 3.8 – – – – 4.4 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 4.4 – – – – – 4.4 –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 6.1 6.7 – – – – 6.1 –

Professional and business services ..................... – – – – – – 12.5 –

Education and health services ............................. 6.0 – – 6.3 – – 6.0 –

Educational services ........................................ 11.0 – – – – – 11.0 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 6.5 4.2 – – – – 6.5 –

Health care and social assistance ................... 6.5 – – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Availability and eligibility requirements for open plans, private industry

workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Plans open to

new

employees

Open to new employees

Plans not

open to new

employees

Not

determinable Minimum age

and service

requirement

Minimum age

only

requirement

Minimum

service only

requirement

No minimum

age or

service

requirement

Age and

service

requirement

not

determinable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 5.8 – – 5.5 4.8 – 5.8 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 8.7 – – 7.8 – – 8.7 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 7.9 – – 7.2 – – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 3.3 3.2 – 2.7 2.3 – 3.3 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 5.5 2.3 – 5.7 3.1 – 5.5 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 3.8 4.1 – 2.7 3.0 – 3.8 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 5.6 6.8 – 4.8 4.7 – 5.6 –

New England ....................................................... 9.0 9.5 – – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 6.8 – – – 5.8 – 6.8 –

South ....................................................................... 6.9 – – 3.8 – 0.4 6.9 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 9.5 – – 3.8 – – 9.5 –

East South Central ............................................... – – – – – – 5.6 –

West South Central .............................................. 10.5 – – – – 1.6 10.5 –

Midwest .................................................................... 5.3 2.9 – 4.3 – 1.2 5.3 –

East North Central ............................................... 6.0 – – 5.0 – – 6.0 –

West North Central .............................................. 7.4 – – 6.8 – 6.5 7.4 –

West ......................................................................... 7.3 1.6 – 6.5 – 0.5 7.3 –

Pacific .................................................................. 7.9 – – 7.2 – 0.6 7.9 –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Defined benefit plans: Availability of benefit features, private industry workers, 2019

(In percent)

Characteristics

Lump-sum payment at

normal retirement

Disability retirement

benefits

Joint-and-survivor

annuity

Preretirement survivor

benefits

Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 23 98 82 31 100 100 100 94

Management, professional, and related .................. 21 100 73 32 100 100 100 92

Management, business, and financial ................. 20 100 70 39 100 100 100 95

Professional and related ...................................... 22 100 74 – 100 100 100 89

Sales and office ....................................................... 32 100 79 38 100 100 100 97

Sales and related ................................................. – 100 68 – 100 100 100 90

Office and administrative support ........................ 36 100 84 43 100 100 100 98

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 66 81 48 100 100 100 94

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – 83 – 100 – 100 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 37 100 74 – 100 100 100 90

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 24 100 95 – 100 100 99 95

Production ............................................................ – – 91 – 100 – 98 –

Transportation and material moving .................... – 100 98 – 100 100 100 92

Full time ................................................................... 25 98 81 31 100 100 100 94

Part time .................................................................. – 100 93 – 100 100 100 94

Union ....................................................................... 24 81 92 39 100 100 100 94

Nonunion ................................................................. 22 100 70 30 100 100 100 94

Average wage within the following categories1:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 27 100 90 – 100 100 100 96

Third 25 percent ................................................... 28 100 88 22 100 100 99 95

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 20 96 76 41 100 100 100 93

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 23 95 77 42 100 100 100 92

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 29 – 88 – 100 – 99 –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 42 – 90 – 100 – 99 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 20 100 79 31 100 100 100 94

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... – 100 92 33 100 100 100 100

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – – 97 – 100 – 100 –

Utilities ............................................................. – – 53 – 100 – 100 –

Financial activities ................................................ 40 100 82 25 100 100 100 94

Finance and insurance .................................... 43 100 81 26 100 100 100 97

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – 100 87 – 100 100 100 100

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 51 100 84 – 100 100 100 92

Education and health services ............................. – 100 65 – 100 100 100 88

Educational services ........................................ – – 59 – 100 – 100 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – – 61 – 100 – 100 –

Health care and social assistance ................... – – 67 – 100 – 100 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Defined benefit plans: Availability of benefit features, private industry workers, 2019—continued

(In percent)

Characteristics

Lump-sum payment at

normal retirement

Disability retirement

benefits

Joint-and-survivor

annuity

Preretirement survivor

benefits

Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – 100 86 – 100 100 100 88

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – 100 80 – 100 100 100 95

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – – 93 – 100 – 100 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 26 97 81 39 100 100 100 96

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 22 88 90 24 100 100 100 96

500 workers or more ............................................ 28 100 77 44 100 100 100 96

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 23 93 74 47 100 100 100 95

New England ....................................................... – 100 93 – 100 100 100 80

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 91 68 52 100 100 100 99

South ....................................................................... 38 100 84 – 100 100 100 98

South Atlantic ....................................................... 39 100 83 – 100 100 100 98

East South Central ............................................... – 100 – – – 100 – 100

West South Central .............................................. – 100 92 – 100 100 100 97

Midwest .................................................................... 19 100 86 20 100 100 100 91

East North Central ............................................... – 100 84 – 100 100 100 88

West North Central .............................................. 61 100 100 – 100 100 100 100

West ......................................................................... 15 100 86 35 100 100 99 87

Pacific .................................................................. 15 100 86 – 100 100 99 83

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee

Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Availability of benefit features, private industry workers,

2019

Characteristics

Lump-sum payment at

normal retirement

Disability retirement

benefits

Joint-and-survivor

annuity

Preretirement survivor

benefits

Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 3.2 0.6 3.0 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 2.0

Management, professional, and related .................. 3.4 0.0 6.5 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0

Management, business, and financial ................. 3.6 0.0 6.1 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4

Professional and related ...................................... 4.9 0.0 7.8 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6

Sales and office ....................................................... 6.3 0.0 5.0 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7

Sales and related ................................................. – 0.0 10.9 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5

Office and administrative support ........................ 7.4 0.0 4.1 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 9.2 9.3 10.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – 11.8 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 10.8 0.0 9.6 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 6.9 0.0 1.5 – 0.0 0.0 0.7 4.7

Production ............................................................ – – 4.1 – 0.0 – 1.8 –

Transportation and material moving .................... – 0.0 0.7 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7

Full time ................................................................... 3.3 0.7 3.4 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 2.0

Part time .................................................................. – 0.0 4.4 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4

Union ....................................................................... 4.7 5.3 3.2 8.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 6.1

Nonunion ................................................................. 3.4 0.0 5.5 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0

Average wage within the following categories1:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 6.6 0.0 2.6 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4

Third 25 percent ................................................... 6.6 0.0 4.1 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 3.7 1.2 5.6 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 4.7 3.4 8.9 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 5.5 – 5.3 – 0.0 – 0.5 –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 9.0 – 4.1 – 0.0 – 0.9 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 3.8 0.0 3.7 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... – 0.0 1.6 7.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – – 1.9 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

Utilities ............................................................. – – 12.1 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

Financial activities ................................................ 5.6 0.0 4.7 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1

Finance and insurance .................................... 6.1 0.0 5.1 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – 0.0 10.6 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 9.6 0.0 4.7 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3

Education and health services ............................. – 0.0 6.5 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4

Educational services ........................................ – – 11.9 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – – 9.4 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

Health care and social assistance ................... – – 7.3 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Availability of benefit features, private industry workers,

2019—continued

Characteristics

Lump-sum payment at

normal retirement

Disability retirement

benefits

Joint-and-survivor

annuity

Preretirement survivor

benefits

Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional Traditional Nontraditional

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – 0.0 7.7 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – 0.0 9.4 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – – 6.3 – 0.0 – 0.0 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 4.0 0.8 3.3 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.6

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 5.8 3.3 2.7 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9

500 workers or more ............................................ 4.8 0.0 5.7 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 6.3 2.0 9.2 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1

New England ....................................................... – 0.0 3.6 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.2

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 2.6 12.2 10.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

South ....................................................................... 7.9 0.0 3.7 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

South Atlantic ....................................................... 8.9 0.0 4.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4

East South Central ............................................... – 0.0 – – – 0.0 – 0.0

West South Central .............................................. – 0.0 2.7 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4

Midwest .................................................................... 5.5 0.0 3.3 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4

East North Central ............................................... – 0.0 3.8 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.2

West North Central .............................................. 11.7 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

West ......................................................................... 3.9 0.0 4.5 10.1 0.0 0.0 1.2 6.5

Pacific .................................................................. 4.3 0.0 4.9 – 0.0 0.0 1.4 9.1

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee

Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Defined benefit plans: Plan sponsor,1

 private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in selected defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All defined benefit plans2 Traditional defined benefit

plans4

Nontraditional defined benefit

plans5

Single

employer

sponsor

Multiemployer

sponsor3

Single

employer

sponsor

Multiemployer

sponsor3

Single

employer

sponsor

Multiemployer

sponsor3

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 77 20 66 31 93 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 91 – 86 11 95 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 98 – 94 – 100 –

Professional and related ...................................... 86 – 81 – 91 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 90 8 78 18 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 89 – 82 – 100 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 90 8 76 18 99 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 23 72 14 81 60 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – 94 – 95 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 61 – 43 38 93 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 76 23 76 22 – –

Production ............................................................ 82 16 85 – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 72 28 71 29 77 –

Full time ................................................................... 77 20 65 31 93 –

Part time .................................................................. 78 – 71 – 96 –

Union ....................................................................... 50 48 46 52 75 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 94 – 93 – 95 –

Average wage within the following categories6:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 84 15 72 27 98 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 80 17 74 24 89 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 73 23 60 36 93 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 83 14 75 22 92 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 56 44 55 45 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 88 12 90 – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 85 11 73 22 96 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 69 25 64 29 92 –

Retail trade ...................................................... 63 – – – – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 76 – 73 – – –

Utilities ............................................................. 73 – 58 – – –

Financial activities ................................................ – – 86 – 100 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 98 – – – 100 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – – 82 – 100 –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 98 – 94 – 100 –

Professional and business services ..................... 100 – – – – –

Education and health services ............................. 77 14 63 32 89 –

Educational services ........................................ 48 – 68 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 92 – 89 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................... 84 16 61 39 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Defined benefit plans: Plan sponsor,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in selected defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All defined benefit plans2 Traditional defined benefit

plans4

Nontraditional defined benefit

plans5

Single

employer

sponsor

Multiemployer

sponsor3

Single

employer

sponsor

Multiemployer

sponsor3

Single

employer

sponsor

Multiemployer

sponsor3

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 61 30 36 55 89 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 66 – 27 59 96 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 51 37 47 51 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 82 17 74 24 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 70 29 64 35 83 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 88 11 80 18 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 74 26 61 39 91 –

New England ....................................................... 85 – 76 – 100 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 71 29 56 44 89 –

South ....................................................................... 86 – 79 – 91 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 85 – 75 – 92 –

West South Central .............................................. 90 – 83 – 98 –

Midwest .................................................................... 78 20 69 29 97 –

East North Central ............................................... 78 20 71 28 96 –

West North Central .............................................. 76 – 59 – 100 –

West ......................................................................... 69 25 53 41 95 –

Pacific .................................................................. 64 31 51 45 92 –

1 Sum of single- and multi-employer sponsor may not equal 100 percent as other plan sponsor types are not included (e.g., employer associations, railroad retirement

boards). 2 All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent. 3 Plans established by a labor organization and provided to employees of two or more unrelated companies in accordance with a collective bargaining agreement. 4 All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent. See glossary for definition of traditional plans. 5 All workers participating in nontraditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent. See glossary for definition of nontraditional plans. 6 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for

Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Plan sponsor, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

All defined benefit plans Traditional defined benefit

plans2

Nontraditional defined benefit

plans3

Single

employer

sponsor

Multi-employer

sponsor1

Single

employer

sponsor

Multi-employer

sponsor1

Single

employer

sponsor

Multi-employer

sponsor1

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 2.3 2.3 3.3 3.4 1.8 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 2.2 – 3.4 3.2 2.8 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 1.0 – 2.4 – 0.1 –

Professional and related ...................................... 4.0 – 5.3 – 5.5 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 2.1 2.3 4.5 4.8 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 6.4 – 9.5 – 0.0 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 1.9 2.2 4.8 5.1 0.7 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5.3 5.8 3.8 4.6 9.9 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – 2.9 – 2.9 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 8.8 – 10.5 10.0 2.4 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 4.4 4.3 5.0 4.9 – –

Production ............................................................ 4.8 4.4 5.4 – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 5.5 5.5 6.3 6.3 8.4 –

Full time ................................................................... 2.4 2.4 3.6 3.6 1.8 –

Part time .................................................................. 8.3 – 11.3 – 4.2 –

Union ....................................................................... 4.6 4.7 5.2 5.3 6.6 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.3 – 1.8 – 1.8 –

Average wage within the following categories4:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 4.0 3.9 6.2 6.2 1.8 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 2.5 2.3 3.0 3.0 4.6 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 4.0 4.0 5.3 5.5 2.1 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 3.3 2.9 5.2 5.0 4.3 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 5.3 5.3 6.5 6.5 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 2.9 2.9 3.7 – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 2.0 1.8 3.1 3.2 1.8 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 4.9 4.9 5.9 5.9 4.9 –

Retail trade ...................................................... 14.0 – – – – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 7.8 – 8.9 – – –

Utilities ............................................................. 8.0 – 12.8 – – –

Financial activities ................................................ – – 4.4 – 0.0 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 1.3 – – – 0.0 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – – 11.2 – 0.0 –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 2.3 – 5.4 – 0.0 –

Professional and business services ..................... 0.0 – – – – –

Education and health services ............................. 5.4 3.8 6.9 6.7 6.8 –

Educational services ........................................ 12.6 – 13.8 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 5.2 – 7.1 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................... 4.6 4.6 8.1 8.1 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Plan sponsor, private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

All defined benefit plans Traditional defined benefit

plans2

Nontraditional defined benefit

plans3

Single

employer

sponsor

Multi-employer

sponsor1

Single

employer

sponsor

Multi-employer

sponsor1

Single

employer

sponsor

Multi-employer

sponsor1

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 6.5 6.3 7.1 7.8 5.8 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 8.1 – 7.4 10.2 3.5 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 9.7 9.7 11.3 11.7 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 2.3 2.3 3.5 3.5 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 5.6 5.7 7.6 7.7 4.0 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 2.6 2.6 4.0 4.0 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 3.7 3.7 5.7 5.7 2.6 –

New England ....................................................... 5.7 – 10.3 – 0.0 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 4.6 4.6 6.5 6.6 3.3 –

South ....................................................................... 3.8 – 6.1 – 3.7 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 4.3 – 6.2 – 5.7 –

West South Central .............................................. 9.6 – 13.6 – 2.1 –

Midwest .................................................................... 4.4 4.4 5.5 5.8 3.4 –

East North Central ............................................... 5.0 5.1 6.1 6.4 4.3 –

West North Central .............................................. 7.2 – 10.8 – 0.0 –

West ......................................................................... 6.3 6.7 9.1 9.8 4.7 –

Pacific .................................................................. 7.2 7.7 10.0 10.7 6.7 –

1 Plans established by a labor organization and provided to employees of two or more unrelated companies in accordance with a collective bargaining agreement. 2 See glossary for definition of traditional plans. 3 See glossary for definition of nontraditional plans. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for

Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 4. Defined benefit plans: Primary formula, private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Traditional

Traditional plan formula

Nontraditional

Nontraditional plan formula

Percent of

terminal

earnings

Dollar times

years1

Percent

of career

earnings

Percent of

employer

contribution

Cash

balance

Pension

equity Other

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 58 26 20 6 6 42 38 4 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 46 33 – 9 – 54 48 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 39 28 – 7 – 61 57 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 51 37 – – – 49 41 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 44 28 10 – – 56 55 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 60 21 – – – 40 40 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 39 30 – – – 61 60 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 81 11 43 – – 19 – – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 88 – 57 – – 12 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 63 32 – – – 37 37 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 84 22 52 – – 16 14 – –

Production ............................................................ – – 62 – – – – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 84 – 45 – – 16 13 – –

Full time ................................................................... 56 28 17 – – 44 40 4 –

Part time .................................................................. 71 – – – – 29 19 – –

Union ....................................................................... 87 21 47 – – 13 9 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 40 30 – 6 – 60 56 – –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 54 19 29 – – 46 44 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 57 27 – – 5 43 40 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 58 30 14 – – 42 36 6 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 52 33 – – – 48 40 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 83 19 47 – – 17 9 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 79 30 44 – – 21 14 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 49 29 10 – – 51 48 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 80 33 32 – – 20 20 – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 86 – – – – 14 14 – –

Utilities ............................................................. 62 47 – – – 38 38 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 28 19 – – – 72 71 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 28 20 – – – 72 72 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 14 10 – – – 86 85 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 42 29 – – – 58 58 – –

Professional and business services ..................... – – – – – – 71 – –

Education and health services ............................. 44 38 – – – 56 43 – –

Educational services ........................................ 56 – – – – 44 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 73 50 – – – 27 24 – –

Health care and social assistance ................... 42 39 – – – 58 43 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Defined benefit plans: Primary formula, private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Traditional

Traditional plan formula

Nontraditional

Nontraditional plan formula

Percent of

terminal

earnings

Dollar times

years1

Percent

of career

earnings

Percent of

employer

contribution

Cash

balance

Pension

equity Other

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 53 14 22 – – 47 46 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 43 13 – – – 57 55 – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 72 – – – – 28 28 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 59 30 19 – – 41 36 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 69 27 28 – – 31 26 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 54 31 15 – – 46 40 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 56 31 – – – 44 41 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 55 28 – – – 45 41 – –

South ....................................................................... 43 26 – – – 57 54 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 40 24 – – – 60 59 – –

East South Central ............................................... 31 31 – – – 69 53 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 69 21 29 – – 31 26 – –

East North Central ............................................... 71 23 29 – – 29 25 – –

West North Central .............................................. 59 – 30 – – 41 32 – –

West ......................................................................... 62 29 – – – 38 29 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 68 31 – – – 32 23 – –

1 Benefits are based on a dollar amount per month for each year of service recognized by the plan. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 4. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Primary formula, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics Traditional

Traditional plan formula

Nontraditional

Nontraditional plan formula

Percent of

terminal

earnings

Dollar times

years1

Percent

of career

earnings

Percent of

employer

contribution

Cash

balance

Pension

equity Other

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 2.8 2.5 3.0 1.3 1.7 2.8 2.9 1.3 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 3.4 3.6 – 2.4 – 3.4 3.9 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 5.1 4.4 – 2.0 – 5.1 5.2 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 4.7 5.4 – – – 4.7 5.3 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 4.7 3.9 1.9 – – 4.7 4.7 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 9.2 6.1 – – – 9.2 9.2 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 4.9 4.5 – – – 4.9 4.9 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.1 2.9 10.1 – – 4.1 – – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 3.2 – 13.1 – – 3.2 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 8.3 6.3 – – – 8.3 8.3 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 3.0 6.1 7.9 – – 3.0 2.7 – –

Production ............................................................ – – 8.4 – – – – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 3.9 – 10.2 – – 3.9 3.6 – –

Full time ................................................................... 3.0 2.6 3.1 – – 3.0 3.2 1.0 –

Part time .................................................................. 6.2 – – – – 6.2 3.5 – –

Union ....................................................................... 2.0 4.2 6.2 – – 2.0 1.6 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 2.8 2.9 – 1.6 – 2.8 3.2 – –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 6.8 4.7 4.9 – – 6.8 6.9 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 5.4 5.1 – – 1.6 5.4 5.4 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 3.6 3.1 3.2 – – 3.6 3.5 1.8 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 3.8 4.1 – – – 3.8 3.6 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 2.7 3.7 8.9 – – 2.7 2.0 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 4.4 5.6 7.8 – – 4.4 3.5 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 3.2 3.1 2.2 – – 3.2 3.4 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 2.7 6.4 7.1 – – 2.7 2.7 – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 3.4 – – – – 3.4 3.4 – –

Utilities ............................................................. 5.3 5.6 – – – 5.3 5.3 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 4.1 3.8 – – – 4.1 4.1 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 4.2 4.0 – – – 4.2 4.2 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 2.7 2.5 – – – 2.7 2.9 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 6.5 6.2 – – – 6.5 6.5 – –

Professional and business services ..................... – – – – – – 6.5 – –

Education and health services ............................. 8.2 7.7 – – – 8.2 9.8 – –

Educational services ........................................ 13.2 – – – – 13.2 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 6.3 7.9 – – – 6.3 6.4 – –

Health care and social assistance ................... 9.4 9.3 – – – 9.4 11.7 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Primary formula, private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics Traditional

Traditional plan formula

Nontraditional

Nontraditional plan formula

Percent of

terminal

earnings

Dollar times

years1

Percent

of career

earnings

Percent of

employer

contribution

Cash

balance

Pension

equity Other

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 6.6 3.5 6.0 – – 6.6 6.6 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 8.2 3.4 – – – 8.2 8.2 – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 7.2 – – – – 7.2 7.2 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 3.2 3.2 3.2 – – 3.2 3.2 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 4.4 4.8 4.9 – – 4.4 4.2 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 4.5 3.9 3.7 – – 4.5 4.5 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 5.1 4.6 – – – 5.1 5.2 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 5.4 4.2 – – – 5.4 5.7 – –

South ....................................................................... 6.6 4.1 – – – 6.6 7.1 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 8.0 4.9 – – – 8.0 8.8 – –

East South Central ............................................... 5.8 5.8 – – – 5.8 11.5 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 4.3 4.4 7.3 – – 4.3 4.2 – –

East North Central ............................................... 5.0 5.3 8.6 – – 5.0 4.8 – –

West North Central .............................................. 9.5 – 4.0 – – 9.5 8.6 – –

West ......................................................................... 6.6 6.9 – – – 6.6 5.9 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 7.0 8.3 – – – 7.0 5.8 – –

1 Benefits are based on a dollar amount per month for each year of service recognized by the plan. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Defined benefit plans: Vesting requirements, private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Immediate

full vesting Cliff vesting1

Cliff vesting requirements

(in years) Graded

vesting2

Not

determinable

Mean Median

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... – 94 4 5 3 –

Management, professional, and related .................. – 95 4 3 – 3 ( )

Management, business, and financial ................. – 94 4 3 – 3 ( )

Professional and related ...................................... – 95 4 – – 3 ( )

Sales and office ....................................................... – 93 4 3 – 3 ( )

Sales and related ................................................. – 94 4 5 – 3 ( )

Office and administrative support ........................ – 92 4 3 4 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 96 5 5 – 3 ( )

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – 100 5 5 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – 86 4 5 – 1

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – 93 5 5 – 3 ( )

Production ............................................................ – 92 5 5 – 1

Transportation and material moving .................... – 94 5 5 – 3 ( )

Full time ................................................................... – 94 4 5 3 –

Part time .................................................................. – 96 4 5 – –

Union ....................................................................... – 97 5 5 – 3 ( )

Nonunion ................................................................. – 92 4 3 4 –

Average wage within the following categories4:

Second 25 percent ............................................... – 96 4 – – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... – 94 4 5 – 3 ( )

Highest 25 percent ............................................... – 93 4 5 – 3 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – 92 4 – – 3 ( )

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... – 95 5 5 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... – 93 4 5 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... – 94 4 – – 3 ( )

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... – 91 5 5 – 1

Retail trade ...................................................... – 100 5 5 – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – 97 5 5 – 1

Utilities ............................................................. – 68 4 5 – 3

Financial activities ................................................ – 99 4 3 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... – 99 4 3 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – 100 3 3 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... – 98 4 3 – –

Professional and business services ..................... – 88 4 3 – –

Education and health services ............................. 3 93 4 3 – –

Educational services ........................................ – 77 5 5 – 3 ( )

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – 87 4 5 – 3 ( )

Health care and social assistance ................... – 97 4 3 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Defined benefit plans: Vesting requirements, private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Immediate

full vesting Cliff vesting1

Cliff vesting requirements

(in years) Graded

vesting2

Not

determinable

Mean Median

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – 94 4 5 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – 95 4 – – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – 92 5 5 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ – 94 4 5 – 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – 99 4 5 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ – 92 4 – – 3 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – 94 4 5 – –

New England ....................................................... – 98 4 – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 93 4 5 – –

South ....................................................................... – 94 4 3 – 3 ( )

South Atlantic ....................................................... – 96 4 3 – 3 ( )

East South Central ............................................... – 73 4 3 – –

West South Central .............................................. – 99 4 – – –

Midwest .................................................................... – 98 4 5 – –

East North Central ............................................... – 98 4 5 – –

West North Central .............................................. – 100 4 – – –

West ......................................................................... – 87 4 5 – 1

Pacific .................................................................. – 88 4 5 – 2

1 An employee is not entitled to any accrued benefits until satisfying the requirement for 100 percent vesting. 2 An employee is entitled to a gradually increasing share of benefits determined by years of service, eventually reaching 100 percent vesting status. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs

for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Vesting requirements, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics Immediate

full vesting Cliff vesting1

Cliff vesting requirements

(in years) Graded

vesting2

Not

determinable

Mean Median

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... – 1.4 0.1 0.0 0.8 –

Management, professional, and related .................. – 2.0 0.1 0.4 – 0.2

Management, business, and financial ................. – 2.9 0.1 0.0 – 0.1

Professional and related ...................................... – 1.9 0.1 – – 0.2

Sales and office ....................................................... – 2.5 0.1 0.0 – 0.1

Sales and related ................................................. – 4.7 0.2 0.8 – 0.3

Office and administrative support ........................ – 3.0 0.1 0.0 1.1 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 1.9 0.1 0.0 – 0.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – 0.0 3 ( ) 0.0 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – 5.6 0.2 0.7 – 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – 2.2 0.1 0.0 – 0.4

Production ............................................................ – 2.5 0.2 0.0 – 0.8

Transportation and material moving .................... – 3.1 0.1 0.0 – 0.1

Full time ................................................................... – 1.5 0.1 0.0 0.8 –

Part time .................................................................. – 2.6 0.1 0.0 – –

Union ....................................................................... – 1.3 0.1 0.0 – 0.3

Nonunion ................................................................. – 2.0 0.1 0.0 0.9 –

Average wage within the following categories4:

Second 25 percent ............................................... – 1.6 0.1 – – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... – 1.4 0.1 0.0 – 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................... – 2.5 0.1 0.0 – 0.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – 3.4 0.1 – – 0.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... – 1.3 0.1 0.0 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... – 2.1 0.1 0.0 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... – 1.8 0.1 – – 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... – 3.3 0.1 0.0 – 1.0

Retail trade ...................................................... – 0.0 0.2 0.0 – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – 2.3 0.1 0.0 – 1.0

Utilities ............................................................. – 10.7 0.1 0.0 – 3.2

Financial activities ................................................ – 0.3 0.1 0.0 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... – 0.3 0.1 0.0 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – 0.0 0.1 0.0 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... – 0.8 0.1 0.0 – –

Professional and business services ..................... – 9.2 0.2 0.0 – –

Education and health services ............................. 0.8 2.6 0.1 0.0 – –

Educational services ........................................ – 11.5 0.2 0.0 – 0.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – 1.9 0.1 0.0 – 0.2

Health care and social assistance ................... – 1.0 0.1 0.0 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Vesting requirements, private industry workers,

2019—continued

Characteristics Immediate

full vesting Cliff vesting1

Cliff vesting requirements

(in years) Graded

vesting2

Not

determinable

Mean Median

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – 2.3 0.1 0.5 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – 2.5 0.2 – – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – 4.5 0.1 0.0 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ – 1.7 0.1 0.0 – 0.3

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – 0.5 0.1 0.0 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ – 2.6 0.1 – – 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – 3.8 0.1 0.0 – –

New England ....................................................... – 0.5 0.2 – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 4.9 0.1 0.0 – –

South ....................................................................... – 1.3 0.1 0.0 – 3 ( )

South Atlantic ....................................................... – 1.0 0.1 0.0 – 3 ( )

East South Central ............................................... – 3.5 0.2 0.0 – –

West South Central .............................................. – 0.9 0.3 – – –

Midwest .................................................................... – 1.1 0.1 0.0 – –

East North Central ............................................... – 1.3 0.1 0.0 – –

West North Central .............................................. – 0.1 0.2 – – –

West ......................................................................... – 4.6 0.1 0.0 – 1.3

Pacific .................................................................. – 5.6 0.2 0.0 – 1.6

1 An employee is not entitled to any accrued benefits until satisfying the requirement for 100 percent vesting. 2 An employee is entitled to a gradually increasing share of benefits determined by years of service, eventually reaching 100 percent vesting status. 3 Less than 0.05. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs

for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Defined benefit plans: Integration with Social Security, private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Benefits

integrated

with Social

Security

Type of integrated formula Benefits not

integrated

with Social

Security

Not covered

under Social

Security

Social

Security

breakpoint1

Offset by

Social

Security2

Cash balance

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 23 11 – – 77 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 27 14 – – 73 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 33 20 – – 67 –

Professional and related ...................................... 21 10 – – 79 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 28 13 – – 72 –

Sales and related ................................................. 25 – – – 75 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 28 – – 14 72 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – 92 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – – 99 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – – – – 79 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – – – – 87 –

Production ............................................................ – – – – 85 –

Transportation and material moving .................... – – – – 89 –

Full time ................................................................... 23 11 – – 77 –

Part time .................................................................. 21 – – – 79 –

Union ....................................................................... 11 – – – 89 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 29 14 – – 71 –

Average wage within the following categories3:

Second 25 percent ............................................... – 5 – – 73 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 18 – – 5 82 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 23 12 – – 77 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 22 – – – 78 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 15 15 – – 85 –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 23 23 – – 77 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 25 – – 13 75 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 18 – – – 82 –

Retail trade ...................................................... 34 – – – 66 –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – – – – 86 –

Utilities ............................................................. – – – – 94 –

Financial activities ................................................ 27 18 – – 73 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 28 19 – – 72 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – – – – 91 –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 48 29 – – 52 –

Professional and business services ..................... 41 – – – 59 –

Education and health services ............................. – – – – 79 –

Educational services ........................................ – – – – 86 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 21 17 – – 79 –

Health care and social assistance ................... – – – – 77 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Defined benefit plans: Integration with Social Security, private industry workers,

2019—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Benefits

integrated

with Social

Security

Type of integrated formula Benefits not

integrated

with Social

Security

Not covered

under Social

Security

Social

Security

breakpoint1

Offset by

Social

Security2

Cash balance

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 32 15 – – 68 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – – – – 69 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 33 – – – 67 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 20 10 – – 80 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 21 – – – 79 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 19 10 – – 81 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 23 – – 7 77 –

New England ....................................................... – – – – 75 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 22 – – 9 78 –

South ....................................................................... 32 11 – – 68 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 38 – – – 62 –

East South Central ............................................... – – – – 94 –

West South Central .............................................. – – – – 68 –

Midwest .................................................................... 20 – – – 80 –

East North Central ............................................... 20 – – – 80 –

West North Central .............................................. – – – – 81 –

West ......................................................................... 13 – – – 87 –

Pacific .................................................................. – – – – 88 –

1 Formula applies lower benefit rate to earnings subject to FICA (Social Security) taxes or below a specified dollar amount. 2 Benefit as calculated by formula is reduced by portion of primary Social Security payment. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer

Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Integration with Social Security, private industry

workers, 2019

Characteristics

Benefits

integrated

with Social

Security

Type of integrated formula Benefits not

integrated

with Social

Security

Not covered

under Social

Security

Social

Security

breakpoint1

Offset by

Social

Security2

Cash balance

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 3.0 2.0 – – 3.0 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 4.4 2.9 – – 4.4 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 6.9 4.8 – – 6.9 –

Professional and related ...................................... 4.0 2.7 – – 4.0 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 3.7 3.0 – – 3.7 –

Sales and related ................................................. 6.3 – – – 6.3 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 4.1 – – 3.7 4.1 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – 3.4 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – – 1.0 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – – – – 8.8 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – – – – 4.2 –

Production ............................................................ – – – – 5.3 –

Transportation and material moving .................... – – – – 6.0 –

Full time ................................................................... 3.3 2.1 – – 3.3 –

Part time .................................................................. 5.7 – – – 5.7 –

Union ....................................................................... 2.9 – – – 2.9 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 4.4 2.7 – – 4.4 –

Average wage within the following categories3:

Second 25 percent ............................................... – 1.5 – – 10.0 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 4.0 – – 1.5 4.0 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 3.9 2.7 – – 3.9 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 5.3 – – – 5.3 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 3.9 3.9 – – 3.9 –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 6.2 6.2 – – 6.2 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 3.8 – – 3.5 3.8 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 4.4 – – – 4.4 –

Retail trade ...................................................... 6.4 – – – 6.4 –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – – – – 7.8 –

Utilities ............................................................. – – – – 4.3 –

Financial activities ................................................ 4.2 4.1 – – 4.2 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 4.4 4.3 – – 4.4 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – – – – 3.0 –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 8.1 6.3 – – 8.1 –

Professional and business services ..................... 9.5 – – – 9.5 –

Education and health services ............................. – – – – 12.0 –

Educational services ........................................ – – – – 6.7 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 4.3 3.2 – – 4.3 –

Health care and social assistance ................... – – – – 14.6 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit plans: Integration with Social Security, private industry

workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Benefits

integrated

with Social

Security

Type of integrated formula Benefits not

integrated

with Social

Security

Not covered

under Social

Security

Social

Security

breakpoint1

Offset by

Social

Security2

Cash balance

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 7.9 4.1 – – 7.9 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – – – – 12.3 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 8.0 – – – 8.0 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 2.9 2.0 – – 2.9 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 3.1 – – – 3.1 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 4.2 2.5 – – 4.2 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 5.2 – – 1.0 5.2 –

New England ....................................................... – – – – 8.5 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 6.2 – – 1.0 6.2 –

South ....................................................................... 8.6 2.8 – – 8.6 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 11.2 – – – 11.2 –

East South Central ............................................... – – – – 3.6 –

West South Central .............................................. – – – – 17.3 –

Midwest .................................................................... 3.6 – – – 3.6 –

East North Central ............................................... 4.0 – – – 4.0 –

West North Central .............................................. – – – – 8.7 –

West ......................................................................... 3.4 – – – 3.4 –

Pacific .................................................................. – – – – 3.7 –

1 Formula applies lower benefit rate to earnings subject to FICA (Social Security) taxes or below a specified dollar amount. 2 Benefit as calculated by formula is reduced by portion of primary Social Security payment. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer

Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Cash balance plans: Employer contributions, private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in cash balance plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Flat rate

percentage

contribution

Mean flat rate

(in percent)

Variable

percentage

contribution

Contributions vary by1

Social

Security

taxable

wage

base

Age Service Earnings Other

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 14 4.40 86 25 61 68 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 16 4.66 84 – 61 66 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 18 4.20 82 – 64 72 – –

Professional and related ...................................... – – – 13 58 60 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 16 3.90 84 22 51 66 – –

Sales and related ................................................. – – – – 61 73 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ – – – 24 49 64 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – 70 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – – – – 71 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – – – – 76 77 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... – – – – 68 90 – –

Full time ................................................................... 14 4.37 86 24 63 67 – –

Part time .................................................................. – – – – – 84 – –

Union ....................................................................... – – – – 70 43 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 15 4.46 85 23 60 71 – –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... – – – – 62 71 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 11 4.05 89 13 62 74 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 18 4.67 82 – 61 63 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 22 4.62 78 – 56 59 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 15 4.36 85 27 58 69 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... – – – – 62 96 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 29 3.90 71 – 35 67 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 26 4.02 74 – 36 70 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – – – – 33 75 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... – – – – 42 68 – –

Education and health services ............................. – – – – 68 86 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Cash balance plans: Employer contributions, private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in cash balance plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Flat rate

percentage

contribution

Mean flat rate

(in percent)

Variable

percentage

contribution

Contributions vary by1

Social

Security

taxable

wage

base

Age Service Earnings Other

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – – – – 60 69 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – – – – 60 68 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 13 4.19 87 20 61 68 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – – – – 47 60 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 11 4.16 89 – 66 70 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 12 4.02 88 18 56 76 – –

New England ....................................................... – – – – 63 70 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – – – 21 53 77 – –

South ....................................................................... – – – – 62 77 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... – – – – 59 72 – –

East South Central ............................................... – – – – 74 90 – –

West South Central .............................................. – – – – 65 85 – –

Midwest .................................................................... – – – 21 69 48 – –

East North Central ............................................... – – – – 70 44 – –

West North Central .............................................. – – – – 65 66 – –

West ......................................................................... – – – – 57 56 – –

Pacific .................................................................. – – – – 54 45 – –

1 The sum of individual categories may exceed the total because many workers may be in plans in which contributions vary by more than one characteristic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March

2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Standard errors for cash balance plans: Employer contributions, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Flat rate

percentage

contribution

Mean flat rate

(in percent)

Variable

percentage

contribution

Contributions vary by

Social

Security

taxable

wage

base

Age Service Earnings Other

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 2.8 0.25 2.8 5.9 4.3 5.0 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 3.5 0.29 3.5 – 5.7 6.6 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 4.8 0.12 4.8 – 6.8 6.5 – –

Professional and related ...................................... – – – 3.0 9.0 10.7 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 4.4 0.11 4.4 5.1 4.8 7.2 – –

Sales and related ................................................. – – – – 14.7 12.2 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ – – – 5.8 6.7 7.0 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – 11.4 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – – – – 12.4 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – – – – 7.4 11.6 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... – – – – 11.6 9.1 – –

Full time ................................................................... 2.9 0.23 2.9 6.1 4.2 5.2 – –

Part time .................................................................. – – – – – 7.1 – –

Union ....................................................................... – – – – 9.6 10.0 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 2.9 0.24 2.9 6.6 4.6 5.4 – –

Average wage within the following categories1:

Second 25 percent ............................................... – – – – 14.9 10.5 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 3.1 0.22 3.1 3.4 5.9 6.2 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 4.0 0.29 4.0 – 5.2 6.0 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 5.1 0.40 5.1 – 5.5 7.7 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 3.0 0.25 3.0 6.2 4.7 5.2 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... – – – – 9.0 2.9 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 5.1 0.14 5.1 – 5.4 5.9 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 4.8 0.13 4.8 – 5.4 5.8 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – – – – 7.7 7.1 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... – – – – 8.4 9.7 – –

Education and health services ............................. – – – – 16.3 6.9 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Standard errors for cash balance plans: Employer contributions, private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Flat rate

percentage

contribution

Mean flat rate

(in percent)

Variable

percentage

contribution

Contributions vary by

Social

Security

taxable

wage

base

Age Service Earnings Other

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – – – – 12.6 9.2 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – – – – 15.4 10.7 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 3.1 0.19 3.1 4.8 3.9 6.2 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – – – – 7.3 8.2 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 3.2 0.24 3.2 – 5.2 7.2 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 3.4 0.21 3.4 2.7 5.9 8.9 – –

New England ....................................................... – – – – 12.3 12.9 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – – – 3.2 6.6 10.9 – –

South ....................................................................... – – – – 9.8 5.8 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... – – – – 14.1 9.3 – –

East South Central ............................................... – – – – 12.7 5.5 – –

West South Central .............................................. – – – – 19.0 9.4 – –

Midwest .................................................................... – – – 5.7 5.4 11.3 – –

East North Central ............................................... – – – – 6.3 12.5 – –

West North Central .............................................. – – – – 9.6 19.0 – –

West ......................................................................... – – – – 7.5 9.4 – –

Pacific .................................................................. – – – – 9.9 11.9 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March

2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Traditional defined benefit plans: Maximum credited service provisions, private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Subject to

maximum

years of

credited

service

Maximum years of credited service Not subject to

maximum

years of

credited

service

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 35 25 30 35 35 40 61 4

Management, professional, and related .................. – – – – – – 56 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 54 30 35 35 40 40 46 1 ( )

Professional and related ...................................... – – – – – – 63 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 33 30 30 35 35 40 58 9

Office and administrative support ........................ 42 30 30 35 35 40 58 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – – – 91 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – – – – 95 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – – – – – – 81 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 45 20 25 – 35 35 47 8

Production ............................................................ 40 – 20 30 35 35 60 –

Transportation and material moving .................... 48 25 25 35 35 35 39 13

Full time ................................................................... 33 25 30 35 35 40 65 2

Union ....................................................................... 25 – 30 – 35 35 68 7

Nonunion ................................................................. – – – – – – 53 –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 49 20 25 30 35 35 45 6

Third 25 percent ................................................... 41 25 30 35 35 40 58 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................... – – – – – – 72 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – – – – – – 65 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 24 – 30 35 35 35 76 –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 38 20 – 35 35 35 62 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 41 25 30 35 35 40 53 7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 37 – 25 35 35 35 49 14

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 54 25 30 35 35 35 46 –

Utilities ............................................................. – – – – – – 74 –

Financial activities ................................................ 68 25 30 35 35 35 32 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 65 – 30 35 35 35 35 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 70 30 30 35 35 35 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 62 – 30 35 35 35 38 –

Education and health services ............................. – – – – – – 69 –

Educational services ........................................ – – – – – – 87 –

Health care and social assistance ................... – – – – – – 64 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Traditional defined benefit plans: Maximum credited service provisions, private industry workers,

2019—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Subject to

maximum

years of

credited

service

Maximum years of credited service Not subject to

maximum

years of

credited

service

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 39 – 20 30 35 35 61 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 29 – 30 30 35 35 71 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 50 10 – – 35 35 50 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 33 30 35 35 35 40 61 5

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 29 25 – 35 35 40 58 14

500 workers or more ............................................ – – – – – – 63 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 41 – 30 35 40 40 54 5

New England ....................................................... 57 30 30 35 35 35 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 36 25 35 35 40 40 58 6

South ....................................................................... 46 25 – 35 35 35 52 2

South Atlantic ....................................................... 41 – 30 35 35 35 55 4

West South Central .............................................. 65 25 – 35 35 35 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 32 – 30 35 35 40 63 4

East North Central ............................................... 34 – 30 35 35 40 61 5

West North Central .............................................. – – – – – – 83 –

West ......................................................................... 16 10 – 35 35 40 80 5

Pacific .................................................................. 15 10 – 30 35 40 83 2

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Maximum credited service provisions, private industry

workers, 2019

Characteristics

Subject to

maximum

years of

credited

service

Maximum years of credited service Not subject to

maximum

years of

credited

service

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 3.3 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 3.0 1.1

Management, professional, and related .................. – – – – – – 4.8 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 5.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 0.2

Professional and related ...................................... – – – – – – 6.6 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 6.0 1.9 0.9 0.9 0.0 5.7 5.6 2.4

Office and administrative support ........................ 7.1 2.6 0.0 2.7 0.0 3.8 7.1 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – – – 3.4 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – – – – 3.0 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – – – – – – 8.2 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 5.9 2.6 2.9 – 0.0 0.0 5.4 2.5

Production ............................................................ 8.3 – 3.2 7.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 –

Transportation and material moving .................... 7.9 5.4 4.5 6.7 0.0 0.0 7.3 4.0

Full time ................................................................... 3.4 5.1 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 3.3 0.6

Union ....................................................................... 3.9 – 4.8 – 0.0 2.2 4.0 2.1

Nonunion ................................................................. – – – – – – 4.9 –

Average wage within the following categories1:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 6.9 0.0 4.7 7.0 0.0 4.6 6.7 2.2

Third 25 percent ................................................... 8.6 6.1 0.0 5.1 0.0 5.8 8.7 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................... – – – – – – 3.6 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – – – – – – 6.2 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 4.7 – 8.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 4.7 –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 6.3 4.5 – 0.0 0.0 7.2 6.3 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 5.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.0 4.2 1.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 6.4 – 5.6 6.1 0.0 0.0 5.9 4.1

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 11.3 1.6 6.9 3.8 0.0 0.0 11.3 –

Utilities ............................................................. – – – – – – 8.9 –

Financial activities ................................................ 6.0 3.5 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 6.4 – 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 10.9 0.0 6.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 9.1 – 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 –

Education and health services ............................. – – – – – – 10.2 –

Educational services ........................................ – – – – – – 3.6 –

Health care and social assistance ................... – – – – – – 12.7 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Maximum credited service provisions, private industry

workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Subject to

maximum

years of

credited

service

Maximum years of credited service Not subject to

maximum

years of

credited

service

Not

10th determinable

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 7.2 – 3.8 3.9 0.0 1.6 7.2 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 7.6 – 4.6 1.3 0.9 0.0 7.6 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 10.1 0.0 – – 3.4 7.6 10.1 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 4.1 3.4 6.9 0.0 4.7 0.0 3.8 1.4

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 5.7 0.8 – 4.8 0.0 2.9 5.7 4.3

500 workers or more ............................................ – – – – – – 6.4 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 7.3 – 6.9 0.0 3.2 0.0 6.2 2.0

New England ....................................................... 13.1 0.0 6.1 3.3 0.0 0.0 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 7.9 0.0 1.8 4.5 0.0 0.0 6.4 2.6

South ....................................................................... 7.0 2.0 – 0.9 0.0 0.0 7.1 0.6

South Atlantic ....................................................... 4.6 – 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4 1.3

West South Central .............................................. 14.1 0.0 – 8.1 0.0 0.0 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 5.2 – 2.6 2.2 0.0 0.0 4.6 2.5

East North Central ............................................... 5.6 – 6.1 3.6 2.6 0.0 4.7 2.8

West North Central .............................................. – – – – – – 12.1 –

West ......................................................................... 3.9 0.0 – 4.8 5.1 0.6 3.7 2.2

Pacific .................................................................. 4.4 0.0 – 6.7 5.2 1.6 3.3 1.7

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Traditional defined benefit plans: Availability of lump-sum benefits at retirement,

private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Lump sum

available

Type of lump-sum

Lump sum

not available

Not

Full lump determinable

sum

Partial lump

sum with

reduced

annuity

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 23 17 6 76 1

Management, professional, and related .................. 21 – – 78 1

Management, business, and financial ................. 20 – – 80 1

Professional and related ...................................... 22 – – 77 1

Sales and office ....................................................... 32 – – 67 1

Sales and related ................................................. – – – 74 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 36 – – 63 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – 82 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – 89 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 37 – – 59 4

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 24 – – 75 1

Production ............................................................ – – – 65 –

Transportation and material moving .................... – – – 82 –

Full time ................................................................... 25 18 7 74 1

Part time .................................................................. – – – 88 –

Union ....................................................................... 24 – – 75 1

Nonunion ................................................................. 22 – – 77 1

Average wage within the following categories1:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 27 – – 73 2 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................... 28 – – 71 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 20 – – 79 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 23 – – 75 2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 29 – – 70 1

Manufacturing ...................................................... 42 – – 57 1

Service-providing industries ..................................... 20 – – 79 1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... – – – 83 –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – – – 78 –

Utilities ............................................................. – – – 63 –

Financial activities ................................................ 40 – – 57 4

Finance and insurance .................................... 43 – – 53 4

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – – – 82 –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 51 – – 43 6

Education and health services ............................. – – – 76 –

Educational services ........................................ – – – 84 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – – – 70 –

Health care and social assistance ................... – – – 73 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Traditional defined benefit plans: Availability of lump-sum benefits at retirement,

private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Lump sum

available

Type of lump-sum

Lump sum

not available

Not

Full lump determinable

sum

Partial lump

sum with

reduced

annuity

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – – – 86 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – – – 76 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – – – 97 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 26 – – 73 1

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 22 – – 78 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 28 – – 70 2

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 23 – – 75 1

New England ....................................................... – – – – 5

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – – – 84 –

South ....................................................................... 38 – – 62 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 39 – – 61 –

West South Central .............................................. – – – 60 –

Midwest .................................................................... 19 – – 81 1

East North Central ............................................... – – – 87 –

West North Central .............................................. 61 – – 39 –

West ......................................................................... 15 – – 84 1

Pacific .................................................................. 15 – – 84 1

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019." 2 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet

publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Availability of lump-sum benefits

at retirement, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics Lump sum

available

Type of lump-sum

Lump sum

not available

Not

Full lump determinable

sum

Partial lump

sum with

reduced

annuity

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 3.2 2.5 1.6 3.3 0.5

Management, professional, and related .................. 3.4 – – 3.5 0.7

Management, business, and financial ................. 3.6 – – 3.7 0.5

Professional and related ...................................... 4.9 – – 5.0 0.9

Sales and office ....................................................... 6.3 – – 6.3 0.8

Sales and related ................................................. – – – 9.1 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 7.4 – – 7.4 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – 5.8 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – 6.2 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 10.8 – – 11.2 4.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 6.9 – – 6.9 0.7

Production ............................................................ – – – 13.7 –

Transportation and material moving .................... – – – 8.5 –

Full time ................................................................... 3.3 2.5 1.8 3.4 0.5

Part time .................................................................. – – – 5.6 –

Union ....................................................................... 4.7 – – 4.7 0.5

Nonunion ................................................................. 3.4 – – 3.5 0.8

Average wage within the following categories1:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 6.6 – – 6.6 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................... 6.6 – – 6.7 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 3.7 – – 3.8 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 4.7 – – 5.4 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 5.5 – – 5.4 0.5

Manufacturing ...................................................... 9.0 – – 9.0 0.9

Service-providing industries ..................................... 3.8 – – 4.0 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... – – – 6.5 –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – – – 12.4 –

Utilities ............................................................. – – – 12.0 –

Financial activities ................................................ 5.6 – – 6.1 3.8

Finance and insurance .................................... 6.1 – – 6.6 4.1

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – – – 13.9 –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 9.6 – – 9.8 5.8

Education and health services ............................. – – – 8.4 –

Educational services ........................................ – – – 4.8 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – – – 5.3 –

Health care and social assistance ................... – – – 10.6 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Availability of lump-sum benefits

at retirement, private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics Lump sum

available

Type of lump-sum

Lump sum

not available

Not

Full lump determinable

sum

Partial lump

sum with

reduced

annuity

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – – – 4.8 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – – – 9.2 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – – – 1.9 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 4.0 – – 4.1 0.6

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 5.8 – – 5.8 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 4.8 – – 5.0 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 6.3 – – 6.3 1.2

New England ....................................................... – – – – 5.0

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – – – 5.1 –

South ....................................................................... 7.9 – – 7.9 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 8.9 – – 8.9 –

West South Central .............................................. – – – 17.4 –

Midwest .................................................................... 5.5 – – 5.8 0.7

East North Central ............................................... – – – 6.1 –

West North Central .............................................. 11.7 – – 11.7 –

West ......................................................................... 3.9 – – 3.3 1.2

Pacific .................................................................. 4.3 – – 3.7 1.4

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Traditional defined benefit plans: Normal retirement age and service

requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With age and

service

requirement

With age only

requirement

With service

only

requirement

With age plus

service

requirement

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 80 17 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 72 25 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 65 32 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 77 – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 67 28 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 83 – – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 60 33 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 88 – – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 98 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 58 36 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 88 – – –

Production ............................................................ 78 – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 95 – – –

Full time ................................................................... 80 18 – –

Part time .................................................................. 84 – – –

Union ....................................................................... 88 10 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 70 27 – –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 84 16 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 75 21 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 81 17 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 76 – – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 84 – – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 74 – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 78 19 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 92 – – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 98 – – –

Utilities ............................................................. 64 – – –

Financial activities ................................................ 51 42 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 55 37 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 57 37 – –

Education and health services ............................. 82 – – –

Educational services ........................................ 91 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 83 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................... 79 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Traditional defined benefit plans: Normal retirement age and service

requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With age and

service

requirement

With age only

requirement

With service

only

requirement

With age plus

service

requirement

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 74 21 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 71 – – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 78 – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 82 17 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 94 – – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 75 24 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 78 22 – –

New England ....................................................... 80 – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 78 22 – –

South ....................................................................... 79 18 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 77 19 – –

West South Central .............................................. 79 – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 78 – – –

East North Central ............................................... 80 – – –

West North Central .............................................. 65 – – –

West ......................................................................... 89 – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 91 – – –

1 Normal retirement occurs when the specific age, length of service, or combination of age and length of service plan requirements are

satisfied and the participant may retire and receive all accrued benefits without a reduction or penalty. In some plans, participants must

satisfy a minimum service requirement to be vested in the plan. Typical vesting requirements are 3 or 5 years of services. These

requirements are not included in the service requirements for normal retirement. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers

with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the

National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Normal retirement age

and service requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

With age and

service

requirement

With age only

requirement

With service

only

requirement

With age plus

service

requirement

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 3.0 2.9 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 5.7 5.6 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 6.3 6.2 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 7.8 – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 7.4 7.0 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 8.3 – – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 10.2 9.5 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.0 – – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 1.3 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 9.6 9.1 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 3.4 – – –

Production ............................................................ 8.8 – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 2.3 – – –

Full time ................................................................... 3.3 3.2 – –

Part time .................................................................. 7.0 – – –

Union ....................................................................... 3.0 2.9 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 5.2 4.9 – –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 4.5 4.4 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 6.4 6.1 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 4.0 3.9 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 7.8 – – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 4.5 – – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 8.5 – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 4.0 3.8 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 2.9 – – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 1.9 – – –

Utilities ............................................................. 10.7 – – –

Financial activities ................................................ 8.9 7.5 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 9.5 8.0 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 9.7 9.2 – –

Education and health services ............................. 9.3 – – –

Educational services ........................................ 4.4 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 6.1 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................... 11.7 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Normal retirement age

and service requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

With age and

service

requirement

With age only

requirement

With service

only

requirement

With age plus

service

requirement

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 5.8 4.9 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 9.6 – – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 9.0 – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 3.4 3.3 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 1.6 – – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 5.8 5.7 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 6.1 6.1 – –

New England ....................................................... 16.2 – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 6.1 6.1 – –

South ....................................................................... 4.7 4.7 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 4.6 5.0 – –

West South Central .............................................. 11.4 – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 5.9 – – –

East North Central ............................................... 6.3 – – –

West North Central .............................................. 18.0 – – –

West ......................................................................... 4.5 – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 4.6 – – –

1 Normal retirement occurs when the specific age, length of service, or combination of age and length of service plan requirements are

satisfied and the participant may retire and receive all accrued benefits without a reduction or penalty. In some plans, participants must

satisfy a minimum service requirement to be vested in the plan. Typical vesting requirements are 3 or 5 years of services. These

requirements are not included in the service requirements for normal retirement. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers

with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the

National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Traditional defined benefit plans: Normal retirement age requirements

by length of service,1

 private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Age less than 65 Age 65

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 13 28 55 –

Management, professional, and related .................. – 29 55 –

Management, business, and financial ................. – 33 55 –

Professional and related ...................................... – 27 55 –

Sales and office ....................................................... – 29 65 –

Sales and related ................................................. – – 92 –

Office and administrative support ........................ – 39 53 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 38 30 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – 50 45 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – 23 62 –

Production ............................................................ – 30 59 –

Transportation and material moving .................... – – 64 –

Full time ................................................................... 14 32 50 –

Part time .................................................................. – – 90 –

Union ....................................................................... – 29 55 –

Nonunion ................................................................. – 27 55 –

Average wage within the following categories3:

Second 25 percent ............................................... – – 66 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... – 28 58 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 14 38 45 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – 39 47 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... – 32 47 –

Manufacturing ...................................................... – 28 64 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... – 26 60 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... – – 61 –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – – 46 –

Utilities ............................................................. – 27 73 –

Financial activities ................................................ – – 68 –

Finance and insurance .................................... – – 65 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – – 71 –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... – – 64 –

Education and health services ............................. – – 78 –

Educational services ........................................ – 52 40 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – 36 63 –

Health care and social assistance ................... – – 90 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Traditional defined benefit plans: Normal retirement age requirements by

length of service,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Normal retirement age requirements (in years)

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 60 62 65 65 65

Management, professional, and related .................. 60 62 65 65 65

Management, business, and financial ................. 62 62 65 65 65

Professional and related ...................................... 60 62 65 65 65

Sales and office ....................................................... 60 62 65 65 65

Sales and related ................................................. 65 65 65 65 65

Office and administrative support ........................ 55 62 65 65 65

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 60 62 62 65 65

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 60 62 62 – 65

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 57 60 62 65 65

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 60 62 65 65 65

Production ............................................................ 62 62 65 65 65

Transportation and material moving .................... 60 62 65 65 65

Full time ................................................................... 60 62 65 65 65

Part time .................................................................. 65 65 65 65 65

Union ....................................................................... 60 62 65 65 65

Nonunion ................................................................. 60 62 65 65 65

Average wage within the following categories3:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 60 65 65 65 65

Third 25 percent ................................................... 60 62 65 65 65

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 60 62 – 65 65

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 60 62 62 65 65

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 62 62 65 65 65

Manufacturing ...................................................... 62 62 65 65 65

Service-providing industries ..................................... 60 62 65 65 65

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 60 62 65 65 65

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 55 60 62 65 65

Utilities ............................................................. 55 60 65 65 65

Financial activities ................................................ 62 62 65 65 65

Finance and insurance .................................... 62 62 65 65 65

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 62 65 65 65 65

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 62 62 65 65 65

Education and health services ............................. 60 65 65 65 65

Educational services ........................................ 60 60 60 65 65

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 60 60 65 65 65

Health care and social assistance ................... 65 65 65 65 65

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Traditional defined benefit plans: Normal retirement age requirements

by length of service,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Age less than 65 Age 65

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – – 65 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – – 56 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – – 76 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 13 31 52 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – 37 43 –

500 workers or more ............................................ – 27 57 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – 24 67 –

New England ....................................................... – – 54 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – – 72 –

South ....................................................................... – 19 66 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... – 19 70 –

West South Central .............................................. – – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 18 29 47 –

East North Central ............................................... – 29 51 –

West North Central .............................................. – – – –

West ......................................................................... – 45 40 –

Pacific .................................................................. – 49 33 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Traditional defined benefit plans: Normal retirement age requirements by

length of service,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Normal retirement age requirements (in years)

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 60 62 65 65 65

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 60 62 65 65 65

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 62 65 65 65 65

100 workers or more ................................................ 60 62 65 65 65

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 60 62 – 65 65

500 workers or more ............................................ 60 62 65 65 65

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 60 62 65 65 65

New England ....................................................... 55 62 65 65 65

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 60 62 65 65 65

South ....................................................................... 60 62 65 65 65

South Atlantic ....................................................... 62 65 65 65 65

West South Central .............................................. 60 62 65 65 65

Midwest .................................................................... 62 62 65 65 65

East North Central ............................................... 62 62 65 65 65

West North Central .............................................. 62 62 – 65 65

West ......................................................................... 60 60 – 65 65

Pacific .................................................................. 60 60 62 65 65

1 Normal retirement occurs when the specific age, length of service, or combination of age and length of service plan requirements

are satisfied and the participant may retire and receive all accrued benefits without a reduction or penalty. 2 Includes workers in plans with no minimum service requirements. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Normal retirement

age requirements by length of service,1

 private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Age less than 65 Age 65

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 3.0 3.1 3.4 –

Management, professional, and related .................. – 5.4 6.6 –

Management, business, and financial ................. – 7.0 7.9 –

Professional and related ...................................... – 5.9 7.4 –

Sales and office ....................................................... – 8.4 7.9 –

Sales and related ................................................. – – 5.3 –

Office and administrative support ........................ – 10.9 9.9 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 8.9 6.8 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – 9.6 9.4 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – 4.7 6.6 –

Production ............................................................ – 5.4 8.7 –

Transportation and material moving .................... – – 8.9 –

Full time ................................................................... 3.4 3.4 3.8 –

Part time .................................................................. – – 5.1 –

Union ....................................................................... – 4.3 4.2 –

Nonunion ................................................................. – 4.1 5.9 –

Average wage within the following categories3:

Second 25 percent ............................................... – – 7.8 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... – 5.5 6.8 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 4.3 5.2 5.4 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – 8.3 9.6 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... – 4.9 4.5 –

Manufacturing ...................................................... – 6.3 5.4 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... – 4.0 4.5 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... – – 7.7 –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – – 13.6 –

Utilities ............................................................. – 6.9 6.9 –

Financial activities ................................................ – – 6.7 –

Finance and insurance .................................... – – 7.2 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – – 11.6 –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... – – 10.5 –

Education and health services ............................. – – 6.4 –

Educational services ........................................ – 12.9 9.6 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – 9.7 9.6 –

Health care and social assistance ................... – – 5.9 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Normal retirement

age requirements by length of service,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Normal retirement age requirements (in years)

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Management, professional, and related .................. 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Management, business, and financial ................. 1.8 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0

Professional and related ...................................... 5.2 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0

Sales and office ....................................................... 7.4 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Sales and related ................................................. 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Office and administrative support ........................ 5.3 2.1 1.6 0.0 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.2 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 1.7 0.0 1.3 – 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 2.9 2.2 4.2 0.0 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 2.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Production ............................................................ 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................... 0.9 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Full time ................................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0

Part time .................................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Union ....................................................................... 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Nonunion ................................................................. 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Average wage within the following categories3:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 2.2 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................... 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 0.4 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 1.3 0.0 4.4 0.0 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 1.1 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0

Manufacturing ...................................................... 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

Service-providing industries ..................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 6.2 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 6.9 1.0 3.5 0.0 0.0

Utilities ............................................................. 0.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Financial activities ................................................ 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................... 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

Education and health services ............................. 2.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Educational services ........................................ 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Normal retirement

age requirements by length of service,1

 private industry workers,

2019—continued

Characteristics

Age less than 65 Age 65

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – – 7.5 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – – 10.5 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – – 10.3 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 3.5 4.0 4.3 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – 5.3 5.6 –

500 workers or more ............................................ – 5.7 6.1 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – 6.6 6.6 –

New England ....................................................... – – 14.0 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – – 7.1 –

South ....................................................................... – 5.0 7.1 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... – 3.6 4.9 –

West South Central .............................................. – – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 5.0 2.9 3.9 –

East North Central ............................................... – 3.2 3.7 –

West North Central .............................................. – – – –

West ......................................................................... – 10.6 8.4 –

Pacific .................................................................. – 11.7 8.2 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Normal retirement

age requirements by length of service,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Normal retirement age requirements (in years)

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 2.8 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 0.7 1.4 0.8 0.0 0.0

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

100 workers or more ................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 7.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

500 workers or more ............................................ 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 0.7 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

New England ....................................................... 6.8 1.4 3.4 0.0 0.0

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 2.5 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

South ....................................................................... 1.2 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

South Atlantic ....................................................... 1.9 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

West South Central .............................................. 0.0 2.8 2.7 0.0 0.0

Midwest .................................................................... 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0

East North Central ............................................... 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0

West North Central .............................................. 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

West ......................................................................... 0.6 2.7 – 0.0 0.0

Pacific .................................................................. 1.5 2.2 1.5 0.0 0.0

1 Normal retirement occurs when the specific age, length of service, or combination of age and length of service plan requirements

are satisfied and the participant may retire and receive all accrued benefits without a reduction or penalty. 2 Includes workers in plans with no minimum service requirements. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Traditional defined benefit plans: Normal retirement service requirements in

years,1

 private industry workers, 2019

(Includes all workers in traditional defined benefit plans with a service requirement)

Characteristics

Normal retirement service requirements

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 5 5 5 – 25

Management, professional, and related .................. – 5 5 25 30

Management, business, and financial ................. 5 5 – 30 30

Professional and related ...................................... – 5 5 – 25

Sales and office ....................................................... 5 5 – 20 25

Sales and related ................................................. 5 5 5 5 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 5 5 – 25 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 5 – – 25

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 5 5 5 – 25

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 5 – – 30 30

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 5 5 5 10 –

Production ............................................................ 5 5 – 10 –

Transportation and material moving .................... 5 5 5 – 20

Full time ................................................................... 5 5 5 20 25

Part time .................................................................. 5 5 5 5 5

Union ....................................................................... 5 5 5 – 25

Nonunion ................................................................. 5 5 5 25 30

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 5 5 5 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 5 5 5 – 25

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 5 5 – 25 30

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 5 5 – 25 30

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 5 5 – – 25

Manufacturing ...................................................... – 5 – – 25

Service-providing industries ..................................... 5 5 5 – 30

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 5 5 5 – 25

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 5 5 – – 25

Utilities ............................................................. 5 5 – – 30

Financial activities ................................................ 5 5 5 – 30

Finance and insurance .................................... 5 5 5 – 30

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 5 5 – – 30

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 5 5 5 – –

Education and health services ............................. 5 5 5 5 –

Educational services ........................................ 5 5 – 25 25

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 3 5 – 25 25

Health care and social assistance ................... 5 5 5 5 5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Traditional defined benefit plans: Normal retirement service requirements in

years,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

(Includes all workers in traditional defined benefit plans with a service requirement)

Characteristics

Normal retirement service requirements

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 5 5 5 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 5 5 5 10 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 5 5 5 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 5 5 5 20 25

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 5 5 – – 25

500 workers or more ............................................ 5 5 5 20 30

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 5 5 5 – 30

New England ....................................................... 5 5 – 25 25

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 5 5 5 – 30

South ....................................................................... – 5 5 – 20

South Atlantic ....................................................... – 5 5 – –

West South Central .............................................. 5 5 5 – 20

Midwest .................................................................... 5 5 5 – 25

East North Central ............................................... 5 5 5 – 25

West North Central .............................................. – – 10 – 20

West ......................................................................... 5 5 – – 25

Pacific .................................................................. 5 5 10 – 25

1 Normal retirement occurs when the specific age, length of service, or combination of age and length of service plan requirements are satisfied

and the participant may retire and receive all accrued benefits without a reduction or penalty. In most plans, participants must satisfy a minimum

service requirement to be vested in the plan. Typical vesting requirements are 5 years of service; these requirements are not included in the service

requirements for normal retirement. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Normal retirement service

requirements in years,1

 private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Normal retirement service requirements

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0

Management, professional, and related .................. – 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0

Management, business, and financial ................. 0.5 0.0 – 4.9 0.0

Professional and related ...................................... – 0.0 0.0 – 6.5

Sales and office ....................................................... 0.0 0.0 – 5.6 0.4

Sales and related ................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 0.0 0.0 – 6.2 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.0 0.0 – – 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 0.0 – – 5.9 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Production ............................................................ 0.0 0.0 – 2.6 –

Transportation and material moving .................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 5.6

Full time ................................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 2.2

Part time .................................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Union ....................................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 1.8

Nonunion ................................................................. 0.4 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.0

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 0.0 0.0 – 4.4 7.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 0.4 0.0 – 0.9 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 0.0 0.0 – – 0.0

Manufacturing ...................................................... – 0.0 – – 7.2

Service-providing industries ..................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 6.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 0.0 0.0 – – 5.6

Utilities ............................................................. 0.0 0.0 – – 1.7

Financial activities ................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 6.5

Finance and insurance .................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 6.5

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 0.0 0.0 – – 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 0.0 0.0 0.0 – –

Education and health services ............................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 –

Educational services ........................................ 0.0 0.9 – 0.0 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 1.3

Health care and social assistance ................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Normal retirement service

requirements in years,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Normal retirement service requirements

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.5 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 0.0 0.0 – – 0.0

500 workers or more ............................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 7.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 5.6

New England ....................................................... 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0

South ....................................................................... – 0.0 0.0 – 0.9

South Atlantic ....................................................... – 0.0 0.0 – –

West South Central .............................................. 1.4 0.0 0.0 – 0.0

Midwest .................................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0

East North Central ............................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0

West North Central .............................................. – – 0.0 – 5.0

West ......................................................................... 0.0 0.0 – – 0.0

Pacific .................................................................. 0.0 0.0 1.8 – 1.3

1 Normal retirement occurs when the specific age, length of service, or combination of age and length of service plan requirements are satisfied

and the participant may retire and receive all accrued benefits without a reduction or penalty. In most plans, participants must satisfy a minimum

service requirement to be vested in the plan. Typical vesting requirements are 5 years of service; these requirements are not included in the service

requirements for normal retirement. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Traditional defined benefit plans: Terminal earnings formulas, private industry

workers, 2019

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans with a terminal earnings formula = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Flat

percent

per year

of service

Flat percent per year of service1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 48 1.00 1.10 1.40 1.85 2.00

Management, professional, and related .................. 42 1.00 1.00 1.10 – 1.85

Management, business, and financial ................. 27 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.25 1.70

Professional and related ...................................... 52 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.75 1.85

Sales and office ....................................................... 39 1.00 1.00 1.25 – 1.85

Office and administrative support ........................ 46 1.00 1.00 1.25 – 1.85

Full time ................................................................... 47 1.00 1.10 1.40 1.85 2.00

Nonunion ................................................................. 38 1.00 1.00 1.10 – 2.00

Average wage within the following categories2:

Third 25 percent ................................................... 51 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.85 1.85

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 41 1.00 1.10 1.20 – 1.85

Highest 10 percent ........................................... ––––––

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... ––––––

Manufacturing ...................................................... ––––––

Service-providing industries ..................................... 59 1.00 1.10 1.40 1.85 2.00

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 60 1.00 1.40 – 2.00 2.00

Financial activities ................................................ ––––––

Finance and insurance .................................... ––––––

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... ––––––

Educational services ........................................ 51 – 1.10 – – 2.00

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ ––––––

100 workers or more ................................................ 52 1.00 1.00 1.25 1.85 2.00

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 42 1.00 1.10 – 2.00 2.00

500 workers or more ............................................ 56 1.00 1.00 1.25 – 1.85

Geographic areas

South ....................................................................... ––––––

South Atlantic ....................................................... ––––––

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Traditional defined benefit plans: Terminal earnings formulas,

private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans with a terminal earnings formula = 100

percent)

Characteristics

Percent

per year

varies

Percent per year varies by

Service Earnings

Earnings

and

service

Other

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 52 12 24 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 58 15 27 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 73 – 42 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 48 – – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 61 – 22 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 54 – – – –

Full time ................................................................... 53 13 24 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 62 13 28 – –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Third 25 percent ................................................... 49 – – – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 59 16 26 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – 15 29 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 100 – 50 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 100 – 50 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 41 9 18 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 40 – – – –

Financial activities ................................................ – – 63 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... – – 63 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... – – 63 – –

Educational services ........................................ 49 – – – –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – – 50 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 48 13 20 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 58 – – – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 44 12 18 – –

Geographic areas

South ....................................................................... – 26 29 13 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... – – 44 – –

1 Estimates represent the flat percentage used to calculate benefits for those workers participating in plans with a

terminal earnings formula based on a flat percentage per year of service. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee

Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or

that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Terminal earnings

formulas, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Flat

percent

per year

of service

Flat percent per year of service

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 6.5 0.00 0.14 0.22 0.07 0.10

Management, professional, and related .................. 7.9 0.00 0.05 0.00 – 0.00

Management, business, and financial ................. 7.1 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.28

Professional and related ...................................... 8.6 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.30 0.00

Sales and office ....................................................... 8.3 0.00 0.21 0.07 – 0.14

Office and administrative support ........................ 9.3 0.00 0.20 0.07 – 0.13

Full time ................................................................... 6.8 0.00 0.12 0.24 0.06 0.07

Nonunion ................................................................. 7.5 0.03 0.00 0.05 – 0.00

Average wage within the following categories1:

Third 25 percent ................................................... 8.1 0.00 0.28 0.24 0.16 0.16

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 8.7 0.00 0.08 0.23 – 0.18

Highest 10 percent ........................................... ––––––

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... ––––––

Manufacturing ...................................................... ––––––

Service-providing industries ..................................... 6.6 0.00 0.14 0.22 0.07 0.10

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 10.3 0.25 0.24 – 0.19 0.00

Financial activities ................................................ ––––––

Finance and insurance .................................... ––––––

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... ––––––

Educational services ........................................ 14.2 – 0.17 – – 0.00

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ ––––––

100 workers or more ................................................ 6.7 0.00 0.11 0.22 0.15 0.21

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 9.8 0.04 0.25 – 0.05 0.00

500 workers or more ............................................ 8.7 0.00 0.08 0.18 – 0.00

Geographic areas

South ....................................................................... ––––––

South Atlantic ....................................................... ––––––

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Terminal

earnings formulas, private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Percent

per year

varies

Percent per year varies by

Service Earnings

Earnings

and

service

Other

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 6.5 2.6 4.4 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 7.9 4.0 5.4 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 7.1 – 6.6 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 8.6 – – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 8.3 – 6.3 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 9.3 – – – –

Full time ................................................................... 6.8 2.7 4.5 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 7.5 2.9 4.9 – –

Average wage within the following categories1:

Third 25 percent ................................................... 8.1 – – – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 8.7 3.6 4.7 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – 4.4 5.7 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 0.0 – 10.5 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 0.0 – 10.5 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 6.6 2.1 4.2 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 10.3 – – – –

Financial activities ................................................ – – 7.1 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... – – 7.1 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... – – 9.8 – –

Educational services ........................................ 14.2 – – – –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – – 11.5 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 6.7 2.9 4.3 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 9.8 – – – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 8.7 3.3 4.5 – –

Geographic areas

South ....................................................................... – 7.1 7.6 3.6 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... – – 8.7 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee

Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Traditional defined benefit plans: Definition of terminal earnings, private industry

workers, 2019

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans with a terminal earnings formula = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Five years

Other period Not

determinable Total High five

High

consecutive

five

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 79 22 54 21 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 81 15 63 19 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 85 – 70 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 78 – 58 22 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 83 – 64 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 98 – 83 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 79 – 60 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 57 – – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 58 – – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 73 – – – –

Production ............................................................ 66 – – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 75 – – – –

Full time ................................................................... 79 22 54 21 –

Part time .................................................................. 80 – – – –

Union ....................................................................... 71 35 – – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 82 17 62 18 –

Average wage within the following categories1:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 89 – 46 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 82 18 62 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 74 19 51 26 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 81 – 58 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 73 – 66 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 73 – 66 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 81 27 51 19 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 63 – – – –

Utilities ............................................................. – – – 55 –

Financial activities ................................................ 88 – 81 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 88 – 81 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 100 – 96 – –

Education and health services ............................. 81 36 42 – –

Educational services ........................................ 62 – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 89 – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Traditional defined benefit plans: Definition of terminal earnings, private industry

workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans with a terminal earnings formula = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Five years

Other period Not

determinable Total High five

High

consecutive

five

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 77 25 48 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 69 36 – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 79 22 55 21 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 85 – 63 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 77 – 51 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 84 27 55 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 96 38 57 – –

South ....................................................................... 83 – 55 17 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 78 – 52 22 –

West South Central .............................................. 89 – – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 76 – 69 – –

East North Central ............................................... 80 – 72 – –

West ......................................................................... 67 – – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 64 – – – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet

publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Definition of terminal earnings,

private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Five years

Other period Not

determinable Total High five

High

consecutive

five

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 4.6 4.4 5.4 4.6 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 4.1 3.9 5.7 4.1 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 5.3 – 6.1 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 6.1 – 7.8 6.1 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 6.5 – 9.3 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 1.6 – 10.4 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 7.7 – 10.9 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 13.9 – – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 15.2 – – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 12.9 – – – –

Production ............................................................ 16.9 – – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 17.2 – – – –

Full time ................................................................... 4.6 4.7 5.5 4.6 –

Part time .................................................................. 15.9 – – – –

Union ....................................................................... 11.3 9.9 – – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 3.6 4.9 5.8 3.6 –

Average wage within the following categories1:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 6.0 – 12.8 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 6.9 4.9 8.2 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 4.9 5.7 6.4 4.9 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 6.5 – 9.9 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 10.3 – 10.4 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 10.3 – 10.4 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 5.0 5.4 6.2 5.0 –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 12.0 – – – –

Utilities ............................................................. – – – 13.8 –

Financial activities ................................................ 6.0 – 7.3 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 6.0 – 7.3 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 0.0 – 3.2 – –

Education and health services ............................. 8.2 7.8 11.3 – –

Educational services ........................................ 12.8 – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 10.1 – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Definition of terminal earnings,

private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Five years

Other period Not

determinable Total High five

High

consecutive

five

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 7.4 7.5 11.1 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 11.0 8.7 – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 5.1 5.2 6.2 5.1 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 5.8 – 12.0 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 6.9 – 8.5 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 6.6 7.4 9.5 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 2.9 8.4 10.5 – –

South ....................................................................... 4.9 – 8.9 4.9 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 6.0 – 8.1 6.0 –

West South Central .............................................. 7.9 – – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 8.9 – 9.6 – –

East North Central ............................................... 8.9 – 9.7 – –

West ......................................................................... 16.4 – – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 18.4 – – – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Traditional defined benefit plans: Availability of early retirement with age

requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Early

retirement

available

Early retirement age requirements (in years)

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 99 – 55 55 55 55

Management, professional, and related .................. 99 55 55 55 55 55

Management, business, and financial ................. 97 55 55 55 55 55

Professional and related ...................................... 100 55 55 55 55 55

Sales and office ....................................................... 99 55 55 55 55 55

Sales and related ................................................. 100 55 55 55 55 60

Office and administrative support ........................ 99 55 55 55 55 55

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 55 55 55 55 55

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 100 55 55 55 55 55

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 99 55 55 55 55 55

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 100 50 55 55 55 60

Production ............................................................ 99 55 55 55 60 62

Transportation and material moving .................... 100 50 50 55 55 55

Full time ................................................................... 99 55 55 55 55 55

Part time .................................................................. 100 50 50 55 55 55

Union ....................................................................... 100 50 55 55 55 60

Nonunion ................................................................. 99 55 55 55 55 55

Average wage within the following categories3:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 99 50 55 55 55 60

Third 25 percent ................................................... 99 50 55 55 55 60

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 99 55 55 55 55 55

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 100 55 55 55 55 55

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 100 55 55 55 55 60

Manufacturing ...................................................... 100 55 55 55 60 60

Service-providing industries ..................................... 99 50 55 55 55 55

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 99 50 55 55 55 55

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 99 50 50 55 55 55

Utilities ............................................................. 100 55 55 55 55 55

Financial activities ................................................ 94 50 55 55 55 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 94 50 55 55 55 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 100 55 55 55 55 60

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 91 50 55 55 55 –

Education and health services ............................. 100 55 55 55 55 55

Educational services ........................................ 100 45 55 55 55 55

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 100 50 55 55 55 55

Health care and social assistance ................... 100 55 55 55 55 55

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Traditional defined benefit plans: Availability of

early retirement with age requirements,1

 private industry

workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Age 55

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 27 52

Management, professional, and related .................. 38 51

Management, business, and financial ................. 42 44

Professional and related ...................................... 35 56

Sales and office ....................................................... 33 55

Sales and related ................................................. – 56

Office and administrative support ........................ 37 54

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 68

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – 73

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 35 54

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – 38

Production ............................................................ – 36

Transportation and material moving .................... – 39

Full time ................................................................... 29 51

Part time .................................................................. – 56

Union ....................................................................... 19 55

Nonunion ................................................................. 38 48

Average wage within the following categories3:

Second 25 percent ............................................... – 45

Third 25 percent ................................................... 24 47

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 32 53

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 35 52

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 21 54

Manufacturing ...................................................... 27 38

Service-providing industries ..................................... 31 51

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 26 48

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – –

Utilities ............................................................. 44 48

Financial activities ................................................ 34 39

Finance and insurance .................................... 36 34

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – 63

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 37 30

Education and health services ............................. 34 58

Educational services ........................................ 48 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 53 –

Health care and social assistance ................... – 71

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Traditional defined benefit plans: Availability of early retirement with age

requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Early

retirement

available

Early retirement age requirements (in years)

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 100 55 55 55 55 62

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 100 55 55 55 55 55

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 100 – 55 55 55 62

100 workers or more ................................................ 99 50 55 55 55 55

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 99 55 55 55 55 55

500 workers or more ............................................ 99 50 55 55 55 55

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 98 50 55 55 55 55

New England ....................................................... 93 50 55 55 55 60

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 100 50 55 55 55 55

South ....................................................................... 100 50 55 55 55 55

South Atlantic ....................................................... 100 55 55 55 55 55

West South Central .............................................. 100 50 55 55 55 55

Midwest .................................................................... 100 50 55 55 55 60

East North Central ............................................... 100 50 55 55 55 60

West North Central .............................................. 100 55 55 55 – 60

West ......................................................................... 99 55 55 55 55 55

Pacific .................................................................. 99 55 55 55 55 55

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Traditional defined benefit plans: Availability of

early retirement with age requirements,1

 private industry

workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Age 55

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 24 52

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – 61

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – 42

100 workers or more ................................................ 28 52

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 22 64

500 workers or more ............................................ 31 45

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – 48

New England ....................................................... – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 56

South ....................................................................... 50 32

South Atlantic ....................................................... 41 42

West South Central .............................................. – –

Midwest .................................................................... 15 56

East North Central ............................................... – 57

West North Central .............................................. 31 43

West ......................................................................... – 73

Pacific .................................................................. – 73

1 Early retirement is the age, length of service, or combination of age and length of service,

requirements at which plan participants may retire and receive all accrued benefits, minus a

reduction or penalty. 2 Includes workers in plans with no minimum service requirements. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for

the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria.

For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Availability of early retirement

with age requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Early

retirement

available

Early retirement age requirements (in years)

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 0.2 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2

Management, professional, and related .................. 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Management, business, and financial ................. 1.6 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Professional and related ...................................... 3 ( ) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Sales and office ....................................................... 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Sales and related ................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 5.7

Office and administrative support ........................ 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 0.5 0.0 6.3 0.0 1.8 0.0

Production ............................................................ 1.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 0.0 2.0

Transportation and material moving .................... 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0

Full time ................................................................... 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.8

Part time .................................................................. 0.0 0.0 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Union ....................................................................... 0.3 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4

Nonunion ................................................................. 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Average wage within the following categories4:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 0.1 5.3 0.0 0.0 1.9 2.8

Third 25 percent ................................................... 0.3 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 0.4 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 3 ( ) 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 1.4

Manufacturing ...................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 2.7

Service-providing industries ..................................... 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 0.6 0.0 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 1.2 0.0 0.0 6.3 0.0 0.0

Utilities ............................................................. 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Financial activities ................................................ 2.0 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 2.2 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.8

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 3.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Education and health services ............................. 3 ( ) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Educational services ........................................ 0.2 5.1 9.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 0.3 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit

plans: Availability of early retirement with age

requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Age 55

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 3.7 5.4

Management, professional, and related .................. 6.4 6.9

Management, business, and financial ................. 7.7 8.7

Professional and related ...................................... 7.2 7.7

Sales and office ....................................................... 6.0 6.6

Sales and related ................................................. – 11.1

Office and administrative support ........................ 7.3 7.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 8.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – 9.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 10.2 11.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – 7.4

Production ............................................................ – 10.5

Transportation and material moving .................... – 8.9

Full time ................................................................... 3.8 5.6

Part time .................................................................. – 11.2

Union ....................................................................... 3.9 6.7

Nonunion ................................................................. 5.8 6.8

Average wage within the following categories4:

Second 25 percent ............................................... – 6.5

Third 25 percent ................................................... 4.7 6.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 5.8 7.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 9.8 10.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 4.6 9.8

Manufacturing ...................................................... 5.2 9.2

Service-providing industries ..................................... 5.3 6.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 6.3 8.6

Transportation and warehousing ..................... – –

Utilities ............................................................. 11.0 11.9

Financial activities ................................................ 5.5 5.6

Finance and insurance .................................... 5.8 6.0

Credit intermediation and related activities .. – 8.4

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 9.1 8.2

Education and health services ............................. 8.1 8.0

Educational services ........................................ 11.8 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 8.9 –

Health care and social assistance ................... – 10.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Availability of early retirement

with age requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Early

retirement

available

Early retirement age requirements (in years)

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 5.2 0.7

100 workers or more ................................................ 0.3 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

500 workers or more ............................................ 0.5 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 0.7 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7

New England ....................................................... 3.4 6.6 2.2 0.0 5.3 3.0

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 0.0 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8

South ....................................................................... 3 ( ) 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

South Atlantic ....................................................... 0.1 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9

West South Central .............................................. 0.0 0.0 7.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Midwest .................................................................... 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3

East North Central ............................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9

West North Central .............................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0

West ......................................................................... 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Pacific .................................................................. 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit

plans: Availability of early retirement with age

requirements,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Age 55

Less than 10

years of

service2

10 years or

more of

service

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 5.7 8.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – 10.2

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – 11.2

100 workers or more ................................................ 4.3 5.7

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 5.5 7.9

500 workers or more ............................................ 6.0 6.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – 11.4

New England ....................................................... – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 13.8

South ....................................................................... 7.3 5.3

South Atlantic ....................................................... 5.6 5.0

West South Central .............................................. – –

Midwest .................................................................... 3.5 10.0

East North Central ............................................... – 11.3

West North Central .............................................. 5.7 8.1

West ......................................................................... – 9.4

Pacific .................................................................. – 10.4

1 Early retirement is the age, length of service, or combination of age and length of service,

requirements at which plan participants may retire and receive all accrued benefits, minus a

reduction or penalty. 2 Includes workers in plans with no minimum service requirements. 3 Less than 0.05. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for

the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria.

For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Traditional defined benefit plans: Early retirement service requirements in years,1

private industry workers, 2019

(Includes all workers in traditional defined benefit plans with early retirement coverage and a service requirement)

Characteristics

Early retirement service requirements

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 5 – 10 10 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 5 5 10 10 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 5 5 – 10 –

Professional and related ...................................... 5 5 10 10 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 5 5 10 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 5 – 10 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 5 5 10 – 15

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 10 10 10 15

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – 10 10 10 15

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 5 10 10 – 15

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 5 10 10 15 –

Production ............................................................ 5 10 10 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 5 – 10 15 –

Full time ................................................................... 5 5 10 – 20

Part time .................................................................. – 10 10 10 –

Union ....................................................................... 5 10 10 – 20

Nonunion ................................................................. 5 5 10 10 15

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 5 – 10 15 20

Third 25 percent ................................................... 5 – 10 15 20

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 5 5 10 10 15

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 5 5 10 10 15

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 5 – 10 – 20

Manufacturing ...................................................... 5 – 10 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 5 5 10 10 15

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 5 – 10 – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 5 – 10 – –

Utilities ............................................................. – 10 10 10 10

Financial activities ................................................ 5 5 10 15 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 5 5 10 15 20

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 5 – 10 – 15

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 5 5 – 15 20

Education and health services ............................. 5 5 10 – 15

Educational services ........................................ 5 5 – – 25

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 3 5 – – 20

Health care and social assistance ................... 5 – 10 – 15

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Traditional defined benefit plans: Early retirement service requirements in years,1

private industry workers, 2019—continued

(Includes all workers in traditional defined benefit plans with early retirement coverage and a service requirement)

Characteristics

Early retirement service requirements

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 5 10 10 – 20

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 5 – 10 10 15

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 5 – 10 – 20

100 workers or more ................................................ 5 5 10 10 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 5 – 10 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 5 5 10 10 15

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 5 – 10 – 20

New England ....................................................... 5 5 – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 5 – 10 – 20

South ....................................................................... 5 5 – 10 15

South Atlantic ....................................................... 5 5 10 10 15

West South Central .............................................. 5 5 – – 15

Midwest .................................................................... 5 10 10 – 20

East North Central ............................................... – 10 10 – 20

West North Central .............................................. 5 5 10 15 –

West ......................................................................... 5 – 10 10 15

Pacific .................................................................. 5 – 10 10 15

1 Early retirement is the age, length of service, or combination of age and length of service, requirements at which plan participants may retire

and receive all accrued benefits, minus a reduction or penalty. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Early retirement service

requirements in years,1

 private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Early retirement service requirements

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 0.0 – 0.0 0.9 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 –

Professional and related ...................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 0.0 0.9 0.0 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 0.0 – 0.0 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 4.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 0.0 0.0 1.6 2.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – 0.0 0.0 0.9 4.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 0.9 2.6 0.0 – 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 –

Production ............................................................ 0.9 0.0 0.0 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 0.0 – 0.0 3.9 –

Full time ................................................................... 0.0 0.5 0.0 – 5.8

Part time .................................................................. – 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Union ....................................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 4.9

Nonunion ................................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4

Average wage within the following categories2:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 0.0 – 0.0 3.0 5.8

Third 25 percent ................................................... 0.0 – 0.0 3.6 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 0.0 – 0.0 – 3.4

Manufacturing ...................................................... 0.0 – 0.0 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 0.0 1.1 0.0 1.8 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 0.0 – 0.0 – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 0.0 – 0.0 – –

Utilities ............................................................. – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Financial activities ................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 0.0 – 0.0 – 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Education and health services ............................. 0.0 0.2 0.0 – 0.0

Educational services ........................................ 1.2 0.0 – – 7.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 0.0 0.0 – – 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................... 0.0 – 0.0 – 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Early retirement service

requirements in years,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Early retirement service requirements

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 0.0 3.0 0.0 – 4.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 0.0 – 0.0 1.8 0.0

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 0.0 – 0.0 – 0.9

100 workers or more ................................................ 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 0.0 – 0.0 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 0.0 – 0.0 – 3.8

New England ....................................................... 0.0 0.0 – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 0.0 – 0.0 – 5.2

South ....................................................................... 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 1.3

South Atlantic ....................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2

West South Central .............................................. 0.0 0.0 – – 2.7

Midwest .................................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 4.7

East North Central ............................................... – 0.0 0.0 – 5.2

West North Central .............................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 –

West ......................................................................... 0.0 – 0.0 0.9 0.0

Pacific .................................................................. 0.0 – 0.0 1.6 0.0

1 Early retirement is the age, length of service, or combination of age and length of service, requirements at which plan participants may retire

and receive all accrued benefits, minus a reduction or penalty. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Traditional defined benefit plans: Early retirement reductions,1

 private industry

workers, 2019

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans with early retirement = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Flat percent

per year

reduction2

Reduction

varies by age

or service3

Actuarial

reduction4

Other

reduction5

Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 59 31 6 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 51 34 11 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 55 35 8 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 48 34 – – 3

Sales and office ....................................................... 54 41 – – –

Sales and related ................................................. 68 – – – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 48 49 – – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 49 41 – – 7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 52 – – – 9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 43 49 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 75 18 – – –

Production ............................................................ 67 – – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 79 – – – –

Full time ................................................................... 56 33 7 – –

Part time .................................................................. 80 – – – –

Union ....................................................................... 66 28 – – 3

Nonunion ................................................................. 50 36 10 – –

Average wage within the following categories6:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 63 25 – – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 56 37 5 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 56 33 7 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 51 36 – – 3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 63 21 – – 3

Manufacturing ...................................................... 67 12 – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 57 38 – – 1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 69 29 – – 7 ( )

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 81 – – – –

Utilities ............................................................. 26 62 – – 1

Financial activities ................................................ 58 35 – – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 55 38 – – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 47 – – – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 54 40 – – –

Education and health services ............................. 37 47 – – 4

Educational services ........................................ – – – – 16

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 26 45 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................... 39 55 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Traditional defined benefit plans: Early retirement reductions,1

 private industry

workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans with early retirement = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Flat percent

per year

reduction2

Reduction

varies by age

or service3

Actuarial

reduction4

Other

reduction5

Not

determinable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 57 28 – – 6

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 54 – – – 11

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 60 – – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 60 32 6 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 71 22 – – 1

500 workers or more ............................................ 53 38 6 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 67 – – – 4

New England ....................................................... 56 – – – 5

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 70 – – – 4

South ....................................................................... 66 19 – – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 65 22 – – –

West South Central .............................................. 80 – – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 61 34 – – 7 ( )

East North Central ............................................... 57 38 – – 7 ( )

West North Central .............................................. 92 – – – –

West ......................................................................... 34 52 – – 3

Pacific .................................................................. – 54 – – 4

1 Early retirement is the age, length of service, or combination of age and length of service, requirements at which plan participants may retire and

receive all accrued benefits, minus a reduction or penalty. 2 Formerly uniform reduction and reflects a reduction in the benefit amount for each year by which early retirement precedes normal retirement. In

specific cases, flat percent per year reductions may approximate actuarial reductions, such as early retirement at age 55 with a reduction of 6 percent

per year between age 55 and the plan’s normal retirement age of 62. 3 The rate of reduction is held constant within age brackets, but differs among brackets, sometimes in approximation of an actuarial table. For

example, benefits may be reduced by 6 percent for each year between age 60 and the plan’s normal retirement age, and by 3 percent for each year

retirement precedes age 60. Also includes some plans that reduce benefits arithmetically for each year immediately below normal retirement age and

actuarially below a specified age, usually 55. 4 The amount of the normal retirement benefit is reduced based on actuarial assumptions, so that on average, the beneficiary receives the same

total lifetime benefit regardless of retirement age. 5 Reduction not derived from normal retirement formula. 6 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019." 7 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet

publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Early retirement reductions,1

private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Flat percent

per year

reduction2

Reduction

varies by age

or service3

Actuarial

reduction4

Other

reduction5

Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 3.7 3.5 1.4 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 5.4 5.1 3.0 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 7.6 7.7 1.8 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 6.7 6.8 – – 1.8

Sales and office ....................................................... 7.2 7.1 – – –

Sales and related ................................................. 10.3 – – – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 9.8 9.9 – – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 10.7 10.5 – – 4.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 13.5 – – – 6.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 11.1 11.1 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 6.0 4.9 – – –

Production ............................................................ 7.7 – – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 7.1 – – – –

Full time ................................................................... 4.2 4.0 1.6 – –

Part time .................................................................. 7.4 – – – –

Union ....................................................................... 5.5 5.6 – – 1.6

Nonunion ................................................................. 5.3 5.0 2.3 – –

Average wage within the following categories6:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 6.4 4.6 – – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 6.0 5.9 1.4 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 5.5 5.2 2.1 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 8.7 9.2 – – 2.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 6.8 5.7 – – 2.3

Manufacturing ...................................................... 6.8 3.3 – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 4.1 4.1 – – 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 7.0 7.3 – – 0.1

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 11.8 – – – –

Utilities ............................................................. 7.1 9.1 – – 0.8

Financial activities ................................................ 8.1 5.9 – – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 8.8 6.4 – – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 8.9 – – – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 11.0 9.9 – – –

Education and health services ............................. 6.8 7.3 – – 2.6

Educational services ........................................ – – – – 10.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 7.6 8.4 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................... 8.1 8.2 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Early retirement reductions,1

private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Flat percent

per year

reduction2

Reduction

varies by age

or service3

Actuarial

reduction4

Other

reduction5

Not

determinable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 7.4 7.4 – – 3.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 10.9 – – – 7.3

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 8.9 – – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 4.1 4.1 1.4 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 7.4 6.7 – – 1.2

500 workers or more ............................................ 5.8 5.7 1.8 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 7.8 – – – 2.7

New England ....................................................... 15.8 – – – 5.3

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 9.0 – – – 3.1

South ....................................................................... 7.2 4.2 – – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 9.8 6.7 – – –

West South Central .............................................. 7.4 – – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 4.6 4.4 – – 0.1

East North Central ............................................... 4.9 4.8 – – 0.2

West North Central .............................................. 6.0 – – – –

West ......................................................................... 9.2 9.7 – – 3.1

Pacific .................................................................. – 10.5 – – 3.5

1 Reduction for each year prior to normal retirement. 2 Formerly uniform reduction and reflects a reduction in the benefit amount for each year by which early retirement precedes normal retirement. In

specific cases, flat percent per year reductions may approximate actuarial reductions, such as early retirement at age 55 with a reduction of 6 percent

per year between age 55 and the plan’s normal retirement age of 62. 3 The rate of reduction is held constant within age brackets, but differs among brackets, sometimes in approximation of an actuarial table. For

example, benefits may be reduced by 6 percent for each year between age 60 and the plan’s normal retirement age, and by 3 percent for each year

retirement precedes age 60. Also includes some plans that reduce benefits arithmetically for each year immediately below normal retirement age and

actuarially below a specified age, usually 55. 4 The amount of the normal retirement benefit is reduced based on actuarial assumptions, so that on average, the beneficiary receives the same

total lifetime benefit regardless of retirement age. 5 Reduction not derived from normal retirement formula. 6 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Traditional defined benefit plans: Postretirement survivor

benefits, private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Joint-andsurvivor

annuity1

Fixed percentage

50 percent Other

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 100 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 100 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 100 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 100 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 100 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 100 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 100 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 100 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 100 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 100 – –

Production ............................................................ 100 31 –

Transportation and material moving .................... 100 – –

Full time ................................................................... 100 – –

Part time .................................................................. 100 – –

Union ....................................................................... 100 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 100 – –

Average wage within the following categories4:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 100 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 100 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 100 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 100 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 100 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 100 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 100 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 100 – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 100 – –

Utilities ............................................................. 100 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 100 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 100 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 100 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 100 – –

Education and health services ............................. 100 – –

Educational services ........................................ 100 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 100 – –

Health care and social assistance ................... 100 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Traditional defined benefit plans: Postretirement survivor benefits, private industry workers,

2019—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Choice of percentages

Other3

Total2 50 percent 67 percent 75 percent 100 percent Percentages

not listed Unknown

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 79 74 27 72 71 7 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 74 72 19 65 70 7 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 71 65 16 66 63 – – –

Professional and related ...................................... 76 76 20 64 75 – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 89 87 34 82 85 – – –

Sales and related ................................................. 91 91 – 87 90 – – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 87 86 – 80 82 – – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 84 63 52 84 60 – – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 83 55 58 83 54 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 88 88 – 87 76 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 72 72 18 66 69 – – –

Production ............................................................ – – – – – – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 92 92 29 83 88 – – –

Full time ................................................................... 77 72 26 70 69 8 – –

Part time .................................................................. 90 90 – 90 89 – – –

Union ....................................................................... 82 76 35 78 73 – – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 74 71 17 64 69 6 – –

Average wage within the following categories4:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 80 77 17 75 74 – – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 73 68 28 66 64 3 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 80 75 27 74 73 – – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 75 73 24 73 72 – – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 72 61 32 71 61 – – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 62 61 – 60 61 – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 83 82 24 73 78 5 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 91 91 29 86 90 7 – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 98 98 – 86 95 – – –

Utilities ............................................................. 87 87 – 87 87 44 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 81 75 15 71 60 – – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 80 74 – 69 64 – – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 69 68 – 69 65 – – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 80 72 – 65 61 – – –

Education and health services ............................. 94 93 – 71 91 – – –

Educational services ........................................ 74 73 – – 69 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 78 75 25 35 71 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................... 100 99 – 81 98 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Traditional defined benefit plans: Postretirement survivor

benefits, private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Joint-andsurvivor

annuity1

Fixed percentage

50 percent Other

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 100 31 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 100 – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 100 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 100 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 100 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 100 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 100 – –

New England ....................................................... 100 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 100 – –

South ....................................................................... 100 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 100 – –

West South Central .............................................. 100 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 100 – –

East North Central ............................................... 100 – –

West North Central .............................................. 100 – –

West ......................................................................... 100 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 100 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Traditional defined benefit plans: Postretirement survivor benefits, private industry workers,

2019—continued

(All workers participating in traditional defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Choice of percentages

Other3

Total2 50 percent 67 percent 75 percent 100 percent Percentages

not listed Unknown

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 69 68 18 67 65 – – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 71 71 – 69 68 – – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 68 65 – 65 62 – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 81 75 30 74 73 6 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 88 77 46 87 78 – – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 77 74 20 66 70 5 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 78 76 20 67 72 – – –

New England ....................................................... 89 83 – 77 89 – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 74 73 17 64 66 – – –

South ....................................................................... 83 83 20 79 81 9 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 81 80 17 76 76 15 – –

West South Central .............................................. 86 86 – 83 86 – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 72 66 31 67 63 – – –

East North Central ............................................... 72 66 31 66 63 – – –

West North Central .............................................. 74 62 – 74 62 – – –

West ......................................................................... 88 77 39 85 76 – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 86 74 – 84 73 – – –

1 An immediate annuity for the life of the plan participant and a survivor annuity for the life of the plan participant’s spouse. The survivor annuity is a percentage (between 50 and 100

percent) of the participant’s annuity. 2 Sum of percentages may be more than the total with choice, as plans may provide more than one selection. 3 Includes percent of unreduced accrued benefit, a method under which the participant’s pension is paid in the form of a straight-life (unreduced) annuity. In the event of the participant’s

death, the spouse receives a percentage of the unreduced annuity. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March

2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans:

Postretirement survivor benefits, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Joint-andsurvivor

annuity1

Fixed percentage

50 percent Other

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 0.0 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 0.0 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 0.0 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 0.0 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 0.0 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 0.0 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 0.0 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.0 – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 0.0 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 0.0 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 0.0 – –

Production ............................................................ 0.0 7.4 –

Transportation and material moving .................... 0.0 – –

Full time ................................................................... 0.0 – –

Part time .................................................................. 0.0 – –

Union ....................................................................... 0.0 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 0.0 – –

Average wage within the following categories3:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 0.0 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 0.0 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 0.0 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 0.0 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 0.0 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 0.0 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 0.0 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 0.0 – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 0.0 – –

Utilities ............................................................. 0.0 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 0.0 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 0.0 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 0.0 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 0.0 – –

Education and health services ............................. 0.0 – –

Educational services ........................................ 0.0 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 0.0 – –

Health care and social assistance ................... 0.0 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Postretirement survivor benefits, private industry

workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Choice of percentages

Other2

Total 50 percent 67 percent 75 percent 100 percent Percentages

not listed Unknown

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 4.4 5.3 3.2 4.5 5.4 1.4 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 7.1 7.3 4.0 6.7 7.3 1.9 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 6.2 7.2 3.9 6.3 7.4 – – –

Professional and related ...................................... 9.5 9.4 5.5 8.7 9.4 – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 3.4 3.5 6.8 4.4 4.2 – – –

Sales and related ................................................. 7.7 7.7 – 8.1 7.7 – – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 3.5 3.7 – 5.1 5.0 – – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5.7 10.1 7.5 5.6 10.1 – – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 7.1 12.2 9.0 7.1 12.2 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 5.6 5.7 – 5.7 9.0 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 9.8 9.8 5.1 9.7 9.5 – – –

Production ............................................................ – – – – – – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 3.1 3.1 8.3 6.2 3.9 – – –

Full time ................................................................... 4.9 5.9 3.5 4.9 6.0 1.5 – –

Part time .................................................................. 4.9 4.9 – 5.0 5.1 – – –

Union ....................................................................... 5.8 7.0 5.0 5.9 7.0 – – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 5.8 6.0 3.3 5.8 6.1 1.4 – –

Average wage within the following categories3:

Second 25 percent ............................................... 6.6 6.8 4.0 6.6 7.0 – – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 7.4 10.4 6.2 6.9 10.1 0.9 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 5.3 5.7 4.7 5.5 5.8 – – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 9.6 9.6 5.6 9.7 9.7 – – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 9.3 11.7 6.0 9.2 11.7 – – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 12.6 13.8 – 12.4 13.8 – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 4.0 4.1 3.7 4.6 4.3 1.0 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 3.3 3.3 6.0 5.1 2.6 1.8 – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 2.6 2.6 – 7.5 4.3 – – –

Utilities ............................................................. 7.8 7.8 – 7.8 7.8 11.5 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 5.4 5.5 4.4 5.8 7.2 – – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 5.8 5.9 – 6.1 7.9 – – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 6.3 6.9 – 6.3 8.1 – – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 8.1 8.2 – 8.9 9.4 – – –

Education and health services ............................. 3.3 3.4 – 8.7 3.7 – – –

Educational services ........................................ 12.5 12.5 – – 12.4 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 3.5 4.4 6.9 7.7 8.0 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................... 0.0 0.6 – 10.0 1.4 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans:

Postretirement survivor benefits, private industry workers,

2019—continued

Characteristics

Joint-andsurvivor

annuity1

Fixed percentage

50 percent Other

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 0.0 6.9 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 0.0 – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 0.0 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 0.0 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 0.0 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 0.0 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 0.0 – –

New England ....................................................... 0.0 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 0.0 – –

South ....................................................................... 0.0 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 0.0 – –

West South Central .............................................. 0.0 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 0.0 – –

East North Central ............................................... 0.0 – –

West North Central .............................................. 0.0 – –

West ......................................................................... 0.0 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 0.0 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Standard errors for traditional defined benefit plans: Postretirement survivor benefits, private industry

workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Choice of percentages

Other2

Total 50 percent 67 percent 75 percent 100 percent Percentages

not listed Unknown

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 6.9 6.7 5.1 6.7 6.8 – – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 9.1 9.1 – 9.2 9.5 – – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 10.6 10.1 – 10.1 10.4 – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 4.9 6.0 4.0 5.1 6.1 1.1 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 5.4 7.3 6.9 5.6 7.2 – – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 6.2 7.3 4.9 6.3 7.4 1.3 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 8.5 8.7 5.3 8.6 9.0 – – –

New England ....................................................... 5.6 7.1 – 9.6 5.6 – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 11.4 11.4 5.0 11.1 12.0 – – –

South ....................................................................... 4.5 4.5 5.4 4.7 4.9 2.1 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 4.4 4.4 4.8 4.4 5.0 3.8 – –

West South Central .............................................. 10.5 10.5 – 11.0 10.5 – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 9.7 12.0 5.2 9.9 12.0 – – –

East North Central ............................................... 11.1 13.6 5.9 11.3 13.6 – – –

West North Central .............................................. 5.1 12.3 – 5.0 12.3 – – –

West ......................................................................... 4.5 9.2 10.2 4.6 9.1 – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 5.2 10.0 – 5.3 9.9 – – –

1 An immediate annuity for the life of the plan participant and a survivor annuity for the life of the plan participant’s spouse. The survivor annuity is a percentage (between 50 and 100

percent) of the participant’s annuity. 2 Includes percent of unreduced accrued benefit, a method under which the participant’s pension is paid in the form of a straight-life (unreduced) annuity. In the event of the participant’s

death, the spouse receives a percentage of the unreduced annuity. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March

2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Defined contribution plans: Type of plan,1

 private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Savings and

thrift

Deferred

profit

sharing

Money

purchase

pension

Employee

stock

ownership

Simplified

employee

pension

(SEP)

Savings

incentive

match plan

(SIMPLE)

Other

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 79 15 16 4 – – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 80 13 20 4 – – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 84 13 17 – – – –

Professional and related ...................................... 77 13 23 4 – – –

Service ..................................................................... 68 18 16 – – – –

Protective service ................................................ 66 – – – – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 84 14 11 4 – – –

Sales and related ................................................. 85 12 6 5 – – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 83 16 14 4 – – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 67 11 23 5 – – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 52 – 36 – – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 79 12 13 – – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 84 19 9 4 – – –

Production ............................................................ 84 18 9 – – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 84 19 8 – – – –

Full time ................................................................... 80 14 16 4 – – –

Part time .................................................................. 75 20 10 – – – –

Union ....................................................................... 69 16 25 – – – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 80 15 15 4 – – –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 78 19 6 – – – –

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 83 – – – – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 81 15 13 5 – – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 77 17 15 3 – – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 80 12 21 4 – – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 85 11 21 4 – – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 81 18 12 7 – – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 88 20 9 – – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 79 14 17 3 – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 88 11 7 5 – – –

Wholesale trade ............................................... 85 15 – – – – –

Retail trade ...................................................... 86 12 – 10 – – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 94 – – – – – –

Utilities ............................................................. 92 – 25 – – – –

Information ........................................................... 80 – – – – – –

Financial activities ................................................ 83 18 12 3 – – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 87 19 14 – – – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 88 26 11 – – – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 87 – 14 – – – –

Professional and business services ..................... 83 16 14 – – – –

Professional and technical services ................. 83 20 – – – – –

Administrative and waste services ................... 74 – – – – – –

Education and health services ............................. 64 – 35 – – – –

Educational services ........................................ 37 – 73 – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 34 – 84 – – – –

Health care and social assistance ................... 70 – 27 – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Defined contribution plans: Type of plan,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Savings and

thrift

Deferred

profit

sharing

Money

purchase

pension

Employee

stock

ownership

Simplified

employee

pension

(SEP)

Savings

incentive

match plan

(SIMPLE)

Other

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 73 17 11 3 – – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 71 17 10 – – – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 77 18 14 – – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 83 13 19 4 – – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 85 17 8 5 – – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 81 9 30 – – – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 73 18 18 – – – –

New England ....................................................... 74 – – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 73 19 18 – – – –

South ....................................................................... 82 10 15 5 – – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 80 9 17 5 – – –

East South Central ............................................... 85 – – – – – –

West South Central .............................................. 85 – 13 – – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 80 12 18 5 – – –

East North Central ............................................... 81 11 17 – – – –

West North Central .............................................. 79 – 19 – – – –

West ......................................................................... 80 22 13 – – – –

Mountain .............................................................. 87 – 9 – – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 78 25 14 – – – –

1 Sum of individual items may be greater than total because multiple plans are available to some employees. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for

Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Standard errors for defined contribution plans: Type of plan, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics Savings and

thrift

Deferred

profit

sharing

Money

purchase

pension

Employee

stock

ownership

Simplified

employee

pension

(SEP)

Savings

incentive

match plan

(SIMPLE)

Other

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.6 – – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 2.1 1.7 2.0 0.9 – – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 2.5 1.9 2.4 – – – –

Professional and related ...................................... 2.7 2.5 2.5 1.2 – – –

Service ..................................................................... 6.0 4.5 4.8 – – – –

Protective service ................................................ 15.6 – – – – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 1.6 1.5 1.1 0.7 – – –

Sales and related ................................................. 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.5 – – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 2.3 2.2 1.7 0.8 – – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.3 2.4 5.1 1.4 – – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 8.2 – 8.9 – – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 4.2 3.2 3.7 – – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 1.5 2.2 1.1 1.1 – – –

Production ............................................................ 1.7 2.9 1.7 – – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 2.4 3.2 1.4 – – – –

Full time ................................................................... 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.6 – – –

Part time .................................................................. 3.7 4.2 2.1 – – – –

Union ....................................................................... 4.9 3.8 4.6 – – – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.5 1.4 1.2 0.6 – – –

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 4.0 4.2 1.4 – – – –

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 6.0 – – – – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 2.2 1.8 1.8 0.8 – – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 2.3 2.2 1.8 0.6 – – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 2.2 1.7 2.0 0.9 – – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 2.4 1.8 3.0 1.1 – – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 2.1 1.9 2.2 1.0 – – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 1.7 2.6 1.5 – – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 1.7 1.5 1.4 0.7 – – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 1.4 1.5 0.9 1.4 – – –

Wholesale trade ............................................... 3.4 3.4 – – – – –

Retail trade ...................................................... 2.3 2.5 – 3.0 – – –

Transportation and warehousing ..................... 2.2 – – – – – –

Utilities ............................................................. 4.9 – 6.9 – – – –

Information ........................................................... 6.4 – – – – – –

Financial activities ................................................ 2.7 2.0 1.9 0.8 – – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 1.3 2.3 2.3 – – – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 2.2 3.8 1.8 – – – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 2.6 – 4.1 – – – –

Professional and business services ..................... 3.2 3.5 3.2 – – – –

Professional and technical services ................. 4.3 5.1 – – – – –

Administrative and waste services ................... 5.8 – – – – – –

Education and health services ............................. 5.0 – 3.9 – – – –

Educational services ........................................ 5.9 – 5.9 – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 4.6 – 3.2 – – – –

Health care and social assistance ................... 5.8 – 4.7 – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Standard errors for defined contribution plans: Type of plan, private industry workers,

2019—continued

Characteristics Savings and

thrift

Deferred

profit

sharing

Money

purchase

pension

Employee

stock

ownership

Simplified

employee

pension

(SEP)

Savings

incentive

match plan

(SIMPLE)

Other

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 2.7 2.7 2.0 0.9 – – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 3.0 3.2 2.0 – – – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 5.1 3.9 4.3 – – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.4 1.6 1.5 0.8 – – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 2.2 2.8 1.2 1.3 – – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 1.9 1.7 2.6 – – – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 3.5 3.0 3.3 – – – –

New England ....................................................... 6.9 – – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 3.7 2.8 3.9 – – – –

South ....................................................................... 2.2 1.7 2.5 0.9 – – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 3.3 2.1 3.8 1.3 – – –

East South Central ............................................... 2.9 – – – – – –

West South Central .............................................. 3.1 – 3.1 – – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 2.7 3.0 2.1 1.4 – – –

East North Central ............................................... 3.2 3.3 2.6 – – – –

West North Central .............................................. 4.9 – 3.5 – – – –

West ......................................................................... 3.2 2.9 1.7 – – – –

Mountain .............................................................. 4.9 – 2.7 – – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 4.0 3.6 2.1 – – – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for

Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Deferred profit-sharing plans: Plan features, private industry

workers, 2019

(All workers participating in deferred profit-sharing plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employer contribution

Based on

predetermined

formula

Not based on

predetermined

formula

Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 15 84 1

Management, professional, and related .................. 20 78 2

Management, business, and financial ................. 13 87 –

Professional and related ...................................... 26 71 3

Sales and office ....................................................... – 91 –

Office and administrative support ........................ – 87 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 15 85 –

Full time ................................................................... 16 84 1

Part time .................................................................. – 87 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 13 87 1

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... – 96 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 12 88 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 19 80 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 20 79 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – 74 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... – 90 –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – 97 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – 97 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – 97 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 27 73 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – 82 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 45 55 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – 80 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 87 –

South ....................................................................... 25 75 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... – 80 –

Midwest .................................................................... – 87 –

West ......................................................................... – 90 –

Pacific .................................................................. – 93 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Deferred profit-sharing plans: Plan features, private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in deferred profit-sharing plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Allocation formula

Equally

distributed

Proportional to

earnings

Proportional

to employee

contributions

Based on

earnings and

service

Based on

earnings and

unit

performance

Other Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... – 63 – 15 – – 17

Management, professional, and related .................. – 65 – – – – 13

Management, business, and financial ................. – 66 – 11 – – 19

Professional and related ...................................... – 64 – – – – 9

Sales and office ....................................................... – – – – – – –

Office and administrative support ........................ – 76 – – – – 14

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – 59 – – – – 17

Full time ................................................................... – 65 – 15 – – 16

Part time .................................................................. – – – – – – –

Nonunion ................................................................. – 65 – 14 – – 19

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... – – – – – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... – – – – – – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... – 62 – 19 – – 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................... – 66 – – – – 12

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – 63 – – – – 13

Service-providing industries ..................................... – – – – – – –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – 61 – – – – 19

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – 69 – – – – 15

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – – – – – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ – 65 – 14 – – 16

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – – – – – – –

500 workers or more ............................................ – 73 – 21 – – 6

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – 65 – – – – 18

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 64 – – – – 16

South ....................................................................... – 66 – 23 – – 10

South Atlantic ....................................................... – 65 – – – – 13

Midwest .................................................................... – 65 – – – – 9

West ......................................................................... – – – – – – –

Pacific .................................................................. – – – – – – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation -

March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Standard errors for deferred profit-sharing plans: Plan features,

private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Employer contribution

Based on

predetermined

formula

Not based on

predetermined

formula

Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 3.1 2.9 0.5

Management, professional, and related .................. 4.9 4.7 1.0

Management, business, and financial ................. 3.1 3.1 –

Professional and related ...................................... 7.4 7.2 1.8

Sales and office ....................................................... – 3.3 –

Office and administrative support ........................ – 4.7 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 4.1 4.1 –

Full time ................................................................... 3.0 2.8 0.5

Part time .................................................................. – 7.6 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 2.8 2.7 0.5

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... – 2.2 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 3.2 3.2 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 5.0 5.0 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 5.4 5.2 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – 7.8 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... – 3.5 –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – 1.5 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – 1.9 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – 2.6 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 5.2 5.2 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – 5.2 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 9.2 9.2 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – 6.0 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 3.3 –

South ....................................................................... 6.9 6.9 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... – 9.6 –

Midwest .................................................................... – 7.2 –

West ......................................................................... – 3.8 –

Pacific .................................................................. – 2.5 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Standard errors for deferred profit-sharing plans: Plan features, private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Allocation formula

Equally

distributed

Proportional to

earnings

Proportional

to employee

contributions

Based on

earnings and

service

Based on

earnings and

unit

performance

Other Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... – 4.2 – 3.6 – – 4.1

Management, professional, and related .................. – 6.5 – – – – 4.2

Management, business, and financial ................. – 6.5 – 3.0 – – 6.5

Professional and related ...................................... – 9.9 – – – – 4.4

Sales and office ....................................................... – – – – – – –

Office and administrative support ........................ – 7.2 – – – – 6.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – 5.8 – – – – 7.3

Full time ................................................................... – 4.0 – 3.2 – – 3.8

Part time .................................................................. – – – – – – –

Nonunion ................................................................. – 4.7 – 3.8 – – 4.4

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... – – – – – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... – – – – – – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... – 5.8 – 5.2 – – 4.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................... – 6.8 – – – – 4.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – 8.6 – – – – 6.0

Service-providing industries ..................................... – – – – – – –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – 7.2 – – – – 5.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – 7.2 – – – – 5.4

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – – – – – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ – 5.5 – 3.1 – – 5.9

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – – – – – – –

500 workers or more ............................................ – 6.7 – 5.8 – – 4.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – 6.9 – – – – 7.1

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 9.7 – – – – 8.6

South ....................................................................... – 6.8 – 5.3 – – 4.9

South Atlantic ....................................................... – 11.1 – – – – 9.0

Midwest .................................................................... – 12.0 – – – – 3.8

West ......................................................................... – – – – – – –

Pacific .................................................................. – – – – – – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation -

March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Deferred profit-sharing plans: Method of employee contribution, private industry workers,

2019

(All workers participating in deferred profit sharing plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Employee contributions

allowed1

Employee contributions not

allowed Not determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 31 69 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 31 69 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 34 66 –

Professional and related ...................................... – 72 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 25 75 –

Office and administrative support ........................ – 75 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 30 70 –

Full time ................................................................... 29 71 –

Part time .................................................................. 46 54 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 32 68 –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... – 63 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 28 72 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 33 67 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 28 72 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 28 72 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 36 64 –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 41 59 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 30 70 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 64 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 23 77 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – 75 –

500 workers or more ............................................ – 83 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 35 65 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 61 –

South ....................................................................... 26 74 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... – 68 –

Midwest .................................................................... – 79 –

West ......................................................................... 38 62 –

Pacific .................................................................. 40 60 –

1 Sum of workers with pretax and post-tax contributions may be greater than total because both methods of contribution are available to some employees. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication,

"Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria.

For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Standard errors for deferred profit-sharing plans: Method of employee contribution, private

industry workers, 2019

Characteristics Employee contributions

allowed

Employee contributions not

allowed Not determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 5.0 5.0 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 6.6 6.6 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 7.1 7.1 –

Professional and related ...................................... – 10.0 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 6.8 6.8 –

Office and administrative support ........................ – 8.0 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 6.7 6.7 –

Full time ................................................................... 4.7 4.7 –

Part time .................................................................. 12.6 12.6 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 5.1 5.1 –

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... – 13.0 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 7.5 7.5 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 6.0 6.0 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 7.2 7.2 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 8.5 8.5 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 6.1 6.1 –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 7.7 7.7 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 8.2 8.2 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 11.6 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 6.2 6.2 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – 8.5 –

500 workers or more ............................................ – 6.1 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 10.2 10.2 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 12.0 –

South ....................................................................... 6.7 6.7 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... – 9.8 –

Midwest .................................................................... – 13.0 –

West ......................................................................... 8.4 8.4 –

Pacific .................................................................. 9.9 9.9 –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication,

"Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see

the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Deferred profit-sharing plans: Methods of distribution of retirement benefits,1

private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in deferred profit-sharing plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Lump sum Annuity Installments Other2 Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 96 13 48 – 4

Management, professional, and related .................. 96 – 50 – 4

Management, business, and financial ................. 94 – 39 – 6

Professional and related ...................................... 97 – 58 – 3

Sales and office ....................................................... 97 – 41 – 3

Office and administrative support ........................ 99 – 45 – 1

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 96 30 63 – 4

Full time ................................................................... 96 12 48 – 4

Part time .................................................................. 100 – – – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 97 12 49 – 3

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 100 – 53 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 100 – 44 – 4 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................... 95 10 50 – 5

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 93 – 46 – 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 94 – 48 – 6

Service-providing industries ..................................... 98 11 41 – 2

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 95 13 47 – 5

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 94 – 49 – 6

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 99 – – – 1

100 workers or more ................................................ 97 12 48 – 3

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 96 – 40 – 4

500 workers or more ............................................ 100 – 66 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 94 – 53 – 6

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 98 – 53 – 2

South ....................................................................... 99 – 51 – 1

South Atlantic ....................................................... 99 – 42 – 1

Midwest .................................................................... 95 – 48 – 5

West ......................................................................... 97 19 43 – 3

Pacific .................................................................. 97 17 42 – 3

1 Sum of individual items may be greater than total because multiple methods of distribution are available to some employees. 2 Includes methods of distribution not calculated separately (e.g., employer stock). 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019." 4 Less than 0.5.

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Standard errors for deferred profit-sharing plans: Methods of distribution of

retirement benefits, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics Lump sum Annuity Installments Other1 Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.5 2.4 4.9 – 1.5

Management, professional, and related .................. 1.9 – 7.6 – 1.9

Management, business, and financial ................. 3.7 – 6.5 – 3.7

Professional and related ...................................... 1.8 – 10.0 – 1.8

Sales and office ....................................................... 2.2 – 6.6 – 2.2

Office and administrative support ........................ 0.9 – 7.3 – 0.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 3.4 5.7 5.9 – 3.4

Full time ................................................................... 1.7 2.7 5.0 – 1.7

Part time .................................................................. 0.0 – – – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.3 2.4 5.2 – 1.3

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 0.0 – 14.0 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 0.4 – 6.5 – 0.4

Third 25 percent ................................................... 2.6 2.9 7.7 – 2.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 3.8 – 7.0 – 3.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 4.5 – 9.5 – 4.5

Service-providing industries ..................................... 1.4 2.2 5.6 – 1.4

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 2.4 3.9 7.2 – 2.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 3.5 – 6.7 – 3.5

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 0.9 – – – 0.9

100 workers or more ................................................ 2.0 3.6 6.2 – 2.0

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 2.9 – 7.4 – 2.9

500 workers or more ............................................ 0.0 – 7.2 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 3.9 – 8.1 – 3.9

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 1.3 – 9.4 – 1.3

South ....................................................................... 0.5 – 7.5 – 0.5

South Atlantic ....................................................... 0.9 – 11.4 – 0.9

Midwest .................................................................... 4.6 – 10.3 – 4.6

West ......................................................................... 1.6 4.4 10.2 – 1.6

Pacific .................................................................. 1.8 4.7 12.0 – 1.8

1 Includes methods of distribution not calculated separately (e.g., employer stock). 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Money purchase pension plans: Employer contributions, private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in money purchase pension plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed percent

of earnings

Fixed percent of earnings1

Percent

of

earnings

varies

Flat amount Other 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 69 2.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 – 24 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 71 2.00 3.00 – 5.00 8.00 27 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 67 2.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 6.00 30 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 73 2.00 3.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 26 – –

Service ..................................................................... 72 – – 5.00 5.00 – – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 69 2.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 26 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 67 2.00 3.00 3.00 – 5.00 28 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 47 1.00 – – – 10.00 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 56 – 3.00 3.00 3.00 – – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 79 2.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 – – – –

Production ............................................................ 68 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 – – – –

Full time ................................................................... 69 2.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 – 25 – –

Part time .................................................................. 77 2.00 2.00 3.00 – – – – –

Union ....................................................................... 50 2.00 – 5.00 5.00 – – 38 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 72 2.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 – 26 – –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 78 2.00 2.00 – 3.00 – – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 71 2.00 3.00 – 5.00 5.00 27 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 71 – 2.00 3.00 5.00 – 24 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 66 2.00 3.00 – 6.00 9.00 24 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 61 2.00 3.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 29 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 54 2.00 3.00 3.00 – 10.00 13 33 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 72 – 3.00 3.00 5.00 7.00 27 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 53 2.00 2.00 3.00 5.00 5.00 36 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 47 2.00 2.00 3.00 5.00 5.00 41 – –

Education and health services ............................. 75 – – – 5.00 9.00 25 – –

Educational services ........................................ 79 3.00 3.00 5.00 8.00 – 21 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 69 – 5.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 30 – –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 76 1.00 – 3.00 – – – – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 70 – – 3.00 3.00 – – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 66 2.00 3.00 – 5.00 – 30 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 74 2.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 – – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 64 2.00 3.00 4.00 6.00 9.00 34 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Money purchase pension plans: Employer contributions, private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in money purchase pension plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed percent

of earnings

Fixed percent of earnings1

Percent

of

earnings

varies

Flat amount Other 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 55 1.00 – 3.00 5.00 9.00 32 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 52 – 3.00 3.00 5.00 – – – –

South ....................................................................... 71 2.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 – 26 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 75 2.00 3.00 – 5.00 6.00 20 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 78 – – – 5.00 – – – –

East North Central ............................................... 83 – – 4.00 6.00 – – – –

West ......................................................................... 68 3.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 9.00 – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 64 3.00 3.00 – 5.00 – – – –

1 Includes percent of unreduced accrued benefit, a method under which the participant’s pension is paid in the form of a straight-life (unreduced) annuity. In the event of the participant’s death, the

spouse receives a percentage of the unreduced annuity. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Standard errors for money purchase pension plans: Employer contributions, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics Fixed percent

of earnings

Fixed percent of earnings1

Percent

of

earnings

varies

Flat amount Other 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 4.3 0.09 0.00 0.05 0.00 – 3.9 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 5.0 0.26 0.09 – 0.89 1.54 4.9 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 7.6 0.45 0.00 0.00 1.05 1.06 7.5 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 5.0 0.41 0.34 0.71 1.29 1.39 5.0 – –

Service ..................................................................... 13.1 – – 0.00 0.00 – – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 6.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.69 0.18 6.3 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 7.7 0.00 0.18 0.00 – 1.40 7.4 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 12.6 0.00 – – – 0.00 – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 15.0 – 0.00 0.00 0.00 – – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 7.0 0.00 0.80 0.00 0.00 – – – –

Production ............................................................ 11.2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 – – – –

Full time ................................................................... 4.3 0.30 0.00 0.05 0.00 – 4.0 – –

Part time .................................................................. 9.2 0.00 0.55 0.66 – – – – –

Union ....................................................................... 10.3 0.00 – 1.15 0.18 – – 10.6 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 4.5 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 4.4 – –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 10.6 0.00 0.00 – 0.15 – – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 7.3 0.45 0.00 – 0.00 1.25 7.0 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 5.3 – 0.44 0.00 0.95 – 4.8 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 5.2 0.36 0.00 – 0.63 1.39 4.6 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 6.7 0.57 0.00 0.45 0.32 1.48 6.9 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 7.9 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 0.55 3.5 6.7 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 4.7 – 0.27 0.34 0.00 1.63 4.7 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 9.9 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.97 0.00 9.5 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 10.5 0.00 0.18 0.18 0.73 0.00 10.2 – –

Education and health services ............................. 6.2 – – – 0.77 1.51 6.2 – –

Educational services ........................................ 4.2 0.00 0.22 0.94 1.02 – 4.1 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 4.4 – 0.00 0.97 1.11 0.00 4.4 – –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 6.9 0.29 – 0.00 – – – – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 8.7 – – 0.00 0.11 – – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 4.9 0.00 0.00 – 0.61 – 4.8 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 7.1 0.09 0.62 0.08 0.94 0.00 – – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 5.5 0.00 0.00 0.68 0.52 1.93 5.5 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Standard errors for money purchase pension plans: Employer contributions, private industry workers,

2019—continued

Characteristics Fixed percent

of earnings

Fixed percent of earnings1

Percent

of

earnings

varies

Flat amount Other 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 9.7 0.26 – 0.00 0.00 1.98 9.4 – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 11.2 – 0.00 0.18 0.00 – – – –

South ....................................................................... 6.2 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.36 – 5.9 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 6.4 0.00 0.00 – 0.63 1.40 5.2 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 7.6 – – – 0.80 – – – –

East North Central ............................................... 6.1 – – 0.00 0.41 – – – –

West ......................................................................... 9.6 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.66 2.44 – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 11.6 0.00 0.00 – 0.97 – – – –

1 Includes percent of unreduced accrued benefit, a method under which the participant’s pension is paid in the form of a straight-life (unreduced) annuity. In the event of the participant’s death, the

spouse receives a percentage of the unreduced annuity. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Money purchase pension plans: Method of employee contribution, private industry

workers, 2019

(All workers participating in money purchase pension plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Employee contributions

allowed1

Employee contributions not

allowed Not determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 24 76 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 25 75 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 21 79 –

Professional and related ...................................... 27 73 –

Service ..................................................................... – 83 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 32 68 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 33 67 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 78 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – 76 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – 84 –

Production ............................................................ – 91 –

Full time ................................................................... 25 75 –

Part time .................................................................. – 81 –

Union ....................................................................... – 93 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 27 73 –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... – 80 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 25 75 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 22 78 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 25 75 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 17 83 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... – 82 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 26 74 –

Financial activities ................................................ – 79 –

Finance and insurance .................................... – 76 –

Education and health services ............................. 34 66 –

Educational services ........................................ 70 30 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 57 43 –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 35 65 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 40 60 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 20 80 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 26 74 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 18 82 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 20 80 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 85 –

South ....................................................................... 27 73 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... – 75 –

Midwest .................................................................... 20 80 –

East North Central ............................................... – 82 –

West ......................................................................... 34 66 –

Pacific .................................................................. 30 70 –

1 Sum of workers with pretax and post-tax contributions may be greater than total because both methods of contribution are available to some employees. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication,

"Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria.

For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Standard errors for money purchase pension plans: Method of employee contribution,

private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics Employee contributions

allowed

Employee contributions not

allowed Not determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 3.1 3.1 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 3.8 3.8 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 5.8 5.8 –

Professional and related ...................................... 4.5 4.5 –

Service ..................................................................... – 7.8 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 6.5 6.5 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 7.4 7.4 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 8.6 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – 13.4 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – 5.5 –

Production ............................................................ – 6.3 –

Full time ................................................................... 3.2 3.2 –

Part time .................................................................. – 9.4 –

Union ....................................................................... – 2.3 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 3.6 3.6 –

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... – 7.0 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 6.1 6.1 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 4.6 4.6 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 3.8 3.8 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 2.9 2.9 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... – 7.8 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 3.4 3.4 –

Financial activities ................................................ – 6.9 –

Finance and insurance .................................... – 7.4 –

Education and health services ............................. 5.9 5.9 –

Educational services ........................................ 4.6 4.6 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 4.5 4.5 –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 8.4 8.4 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 10.5 10.5 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 3.2 3.2 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 7.5 7.5 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 3.7 3.7 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 4.9 4.9 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 4.7 –

South ....................................................................... 6.7 6.7 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... – 9.1 –

Midwest .................................................................... 5.3 5.3 –

East North Central ............................................... – 5.4 –

West ......................................................................... 8.2 8.2 –

Pacific .................................................................. 8.9 8.9 –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication,

"Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see

the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Money purchase pension plans: Methods of distribution of retirement benefits,1

private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in money purchase pension plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Lump sum Annuity Installments Other2 Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 87 37 38 – 9

Management, professional, and related .................. 86 33 37 – 9

Management, business, and financial ................. 92 32 38 – 6

Professional and related ...................................... 83 34 36 – 10

Service ..................................................................... 85 72 – – 6

Sales and office ....................................................... 87 35 33 – 8

Office and administrative support ........................ 84 43 26 – 10

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 98 41 52 – 2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 96 – 63 – 4

Full time ................................................................... 87 37 38 – 9

Part time .................................................................. 83 – 39 – 12

Union ....................................................................... 95 51 79 – 3

Nonunion ................................................................. 85 35 32 – 10

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 88 – 45 – 11

Second 25 percent ............................................... 77 44 33 – 16

Third 25 percent ................................................... 87 32 30 – 10

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 90 37 43 – 5

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 94 34 48 – 3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 86 34 41 – 14

Service-providing industries ..................................... 87 37 37 – 8

Financial activities ................................................ 90 – 63 – 10

Finance and insurance .................................... 92 – 70 – 8

Education and health services ............................. 80 50 28 – 11

Educational services ........................................ 86 63 46 – 5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 84 72 59 – 3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Money purchase pension plans: Methods of distribution of retirement benefits,1

private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in money purchase pension plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Lump sum Annuity Installments Other2 Not

determinable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 91 44 36 – 8

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 90 39 46 – 7

100 workers or more ................................................ 85 34 38 – 9

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 83 32 48 – 14

500 workers or more ............................................ 86 35 35 – 8

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 82 35 39 – 12

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 82 41 44 – 11

South ....................................................................... 87 39 33 – 8

South Atlantic ....................................................... 87 52 28 – 6

Midwest .................................................................... 90 28 35 – 7

East North Central ............................................... 85 26 24 – 11

West ......................................................................... 87 51 47 – 10

Pacific .................................................................. 94 57 54 – 4

1 Sum of individual items may be greater than total because multiple methods of distribution are available to some employees. 2 Includes methods of distribution not calculated separately (e.g., employer stock). 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Standard errors for money purchase pension plans: Methods of distribution of

retirement benefits, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics Lump sum Annuity Installments Other1 Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 2.5 3.9 4.0 – 2.2

Management, professional, and related .................. 3.5 4.9 4.7 – 2.9

Management, business, and financial ................. 4.3 6.8 6.9 – 4.3

Professional and related ...................................... 4.7 6.0 5.7 – 3.8

Service ..................................................................... 6.5 9.7 – – 3.1

Sales and office ....................................................... 3.8 6.1 6.0 – 3.1

Office and administrative support ........................ 4.6 6.7 4.7 – 3.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.4 12.2 13.2 – 2.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 3.8 – 14.6 – 3.8

Full time ................................................................... 2.5 3.9 4.1 – 2.1

Part time .................................................................. 8.1 – 10.3 – 7.5

Union ....................................................................... 3.0 10.8 4.9 – 2.5

Nonunion ................................................................. 2.9 4.2 4.1 – 2.5

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 5.4 – 10.5 – 5.4

Second 25 percent ............................................... 5.6 7.1 7.5 – 4.5

Third 25 percent ................................................... 3.6 5.6 4.8 – 3.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 2.7 4.7 5.0 – 2.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 2.6 6.4 6.6 – 2.5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 5.4 6.8 6.0 – 5.4

Service-providing industries ..................................... 2.9 4.5 4.6 – 2.4

Financial activities ................................................ 4.9 – 7.6 – 4.9

Finance and insurance .................................... 5.0 – 7.5 – 5.0

Education and health services ............................. 4.9 6.9 5.5 – 4.0

Educational services ........................................ 6.0 6.9 7.7 – 5.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 4.1 4.9 4.4 – 2.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Standard errors for money purchase pension plans: Methods of distribution of

retirement benefits, private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics Lump sum Annuity Installments Other1 Not

determinable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 3.5 10.1 8.4 – 3.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 4.3 10.6 10.3 – 3.5

100 workers or more ................................................ 3.3 5.1 4.0 – 2.9

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 6.8 7.6 8.3 – 6.4

500 workers or more ............................................ 3.7 5.7 4.9 – 3.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 6.2 7.8 7.2 – 4.8

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 7.6 9.3 8.0 – 5.7

South ....................................................................... 4.2 7.6 7.3 – 3.4

South Atlantic ....................................................... 5.3 8.2 8.1 – 3.7

Midwest .................................................................... 4.6 7.7 6.6 – 4.3

East North Central ............................................... 7.1 5.7 6.5 – 6.6

West ......................................................................... 5.6 6.8 10.3 – 5.1

Pacific .................................................................. 3.5 8.0 11.8 – 3.4

1 Includes methods of distribution not calculated separately (e.g., employer stock). 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Money purchase pension plans: Employee contribution thresholds for

employer matching, private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in money purchase pension plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employer

contribution

based on

employee

contribution

Median

employee

contribution

amount

Employer

contribution

not based on

employee

contribution

Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 3 3 97 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 5 3 95 –

Management, business, and financial ................. – – 98 –

Professional and related ...................................... 6 3 94 –

Service ..................................................................... – – 99 –

Sales and office ....................................................... – – 98 –

Office and administrative support ........................ – – 98 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 100 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – – 100 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – – 100 –

Production ............................................................ – – 100 –

Full time ................................................................... 3 3 97 –

Part time .................................................................. – – 100 –

Union ....................................................................... – – 98 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 3 3 97 –

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... – – 99 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... – – 98 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 3 3 97 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 4 3 96 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – – 96 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... – – 100 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 4 3 96 –

Financial activities ................................................ – – 99 –

Finance and insurance .................................... – – 99 –

Education and health services ............................. 7 3 93 –

Educational services ........................................ 19 3 81 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 19 5 81 –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – – 97 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – – 97 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 3 4 97 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – – 96 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 3 5 97 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – – 94 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – – 96 –

South ....................................................................... – – 97 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... – – 96 –

Midwest .................................................................... – – 98 –

East North Central ............................................... – – 97 –

West ......................................................................... – – 99 –

Pacific .................................................................. – – 100 –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data

do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Standard errors for money purchase pension plans: Employee

contribution thresholds for employer matching, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Employer

contribution

based on

employee

contribution

Median

employee

contribution

amount

Employer

contribution

not based on

employee

contribution

Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 0.7 0.0 0.7 –

Management, professional, and related .................. 1.2 0.0 1.2 –

Management, business, and financial ................. – – 0.7 –

Professional and related ...................................... 1.7 0.0 1.7 –

Service ..................................................................... – – 0.6 –

Sales and office ....................................................... – – 0.8 –

Office and administrative support ........................ – – 0.8 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 0.3 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – – 0.0 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... – – 0.3 –

Production ............................................................ – – 0.0 –

Full time ................................................................... 0.7 0.0 0.7 –

Part time .................................................................. – – 0.3 –

Union ....................................................................... – – 1.5 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 0.8 0.0 0.8 –

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... – – 0.7 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... – – 0.9 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 0.7 0.5 0.7 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 1.1 0.0 1.1 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... – – 1.4 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... – – 0.0 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 0.8 0.0 0.8 –

Financial activities ................................................ – – 0.9 –

Finance and insurance .................................... – – 1.0 –

Education and health services ............................. 1.9 0.3 1.9 –

Educational services ........................................ 4.7 0.3 4.7 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 3.2 1.4 3.2 –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ – – 1.7 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... – – 2.4 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 0.7 0.9 0.7 –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. – – 2.4 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 0.6 0.8 0.6 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – – 2.2 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – – 2.2 –

South ....................................................................... – – 0.8 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... – – 1.4 –

Midwest .................................................................... – – 1.4 –

East North Central ............................................... – – 2.2 –

West ......................................................................... – – 0.5 –

Pacific .................................................................. – – 0.3 –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Savings and thrift plans: Summary of provisions,1

 private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Pre-tax

contribution

Post-tax

contribution2

Automatic

enrollment

provision3

Automatic

escalation

feature

Employee

choice of

investment

for employee

funds

Employee

choice of

investment

for employer

funds

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 100 54 40 18 94 94

Management, professional, and related .................. 100 57 46 18 93 92

Management, business, and financial ................. 100 61 50 20 95 94

Professional and related ...................................... 100 54 42 17 91 90

Service ..................................................................... 100 57 23 – 93 92

Sales and office ....................................................... 100 53 36 20 96 96

Sales and related ................................................. 100 44 34 21 97 96

Office and administrative support ........................ 100 58 38 19 96 95

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 50 36 18 95 95

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 100 41 17 – 93 93

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 100 55 45 22 97 96

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 100 48 41 20 95 94

Production ............................................................ 100 51 41 18 96 95

Transportation and material moving .................... 100 45 42 22 95 93

Full time ................................................................... 100 53 41 18 94 93

Part time .................................................................. 100 62 26 15 99 97

Union ....................................................................... 100 68 36 19 94 94

Nonunion ................................................................. 100 53 40 18 94 94

Average wage within the following categories4:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 100 53 28 12 98 96

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 100 68 – – 98 96

Second 25 percent ............................................... 100 47 33 16 95 94

Third 25 percent ................................................... 100 52 42 18 92 92

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 100 60 46 21 95 94

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 100 62 48 21 95 95

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 100 53 44 19 93 92

Manufacturing ...................................................... 100 56 44 20 94 93

Service-providing industries ..................................... 100 54 39 18 95 94

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 100 46 44 26 97 95

Wholesale trade ............................................... 100 55 56 36 91 91

Retail trade ...................................................... 100 36 33 19 99 95

Utilities ............................................................. 100 86 38 – 100 100

Financial activities ................................................ 100 75 48 23 96 96

Finance and insurance .................................... 100 79 53 26 95 95

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 100 76 43 23 95 95

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 100 79 68 34 96 94

Professional and business services ..................... 100 50 43 18 97 97

Professional and technical services ................. 100 42 45 – 95 95

Education and health services ............................. 100 44 28 – 90 89

Educational services ........................................ 100 51 43 – 90 90

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 100 48 38 – 94 94

Health care and social assistance ................... 100 43 26 – 90 89

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Savings and thrift plans: Summary of provisions,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Pre-tax

contribution

Post-tax

contribution2

Automatic

enrollment

provision3

Automatic

escalation

feature

Employee

choice of

investment

for employee

funds

Employee

choice of

investment

for employer

funds

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 100 47 35 14 93 92

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 100 45 35 16 96 96

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 100 52 35 10 86 86

100 workers or more ................................................ 100 57 43 20 95 94

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 100 49 44 21 95 94

500 workers or more ............................................ 100 66 42 19 96 95

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 100 59 39 19 97 97

New England ....................................................... 100 62 42 14 96 96

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 100 58 38 21 97 97

South ....................................................................... 100 56 35 21 96 95

South Atlantic ....................................................... 100 58 33 23 95 94

East South Central ............................................... 100 49 37 16 97 97

West South Central .............................................. 100 54 40 22 97 97

Midwest .................................................................... 100 48 50 16 96 94

East North Central ............................................... 100 49 50 14 96 95

West North Central .............................................. 100 45 49 22 95 93

West ......................................................................... 100 54 35 14 89 88

Mountain .............................................................. 100 54 – – 90 89

Pacific .................................................................. 100 54 40 16 89 88

1 The remaining workers include both workers not receiving the benefit and workers for whom the availability of the benefit could not be determined. 2 Contributions are made after taxes have been deducted. 3 The employer automatically enrolls employees in the plan at a specified rate of contribution (e.g., 3 percent of earnings), unless the employee opts out of the

plan. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer

Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Summary of provisions, private industry

workers, 2019

Characteristics Pre-tax

contribution

Post-tax

contribution1

Automatic

enrollment

provision2

Automatic

escalation

feature

Employee

choice of

investment

for employee

funds

Employee

choice of

investment

for employer

funds

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 0.0 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.2

Management, professional, and related .................. 0.0 3.3 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.4

Management, business, and financial ................. 0.0 4.3 4.1 3.3 1.5 1.5

Professional and related ...................................... 0.0 4.2 3.7 3.0 3.9 3.9

Service ..................................................................... 0.0 5.7 4.1 – 4.0 4.1

Sales and office ....................................................... 0.0 2.4 1.9 1.8 0.7 0.8

Sales and related ................................................. 0.0 3.4 2.9 2.2 1.0 1.4

Office and administrative support ........................ 0.0 3.1 2.9 2.6 1.0 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.0 4.8 4.9 3.3 1.6 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 0.0 9.6 4.8 – 3.8 3.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 0.0 4.8 6.0 4.2 1.6 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 0.0 3.1 3.9 2.2 1.6 1.7

Production ............................................................ 0.0 4.4 5.2 2.3 2.7 2.7

Transportation and material moving .................... 0.0 4.2 5.0 4.2 1.6 2.0

Full time ................................................................... 0.0 2.1 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.3

Part time .................................................................. 0.0 5.2 3.7 3.0 0.6 1.0

Union ....................................................................... 0.0 5.4 5.1 4.0 2.8 2.8

Nonunion ................................................................. 0.0 2.1 1.9 1.3 1.2 1.2

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 0.0 4.0 4.1 2.0 0.9 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 0.0 10.7 – – 1.2 2.2

Second 25 percent ............................................... 0.0 3.2 2.4 1.8 1.5 1.6

Third 25 percent ................................................... 0.0 2.7 3.0 1.7 3.0 3.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 0.0 3.2 3.0 2.6 1.3 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 0.0 4.6 5.1 4.8 1.9 2.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 0.0 2.5 4.0 2.1 1.9 2.1

Manufacturing ...................................................... 0.0 2.7 4.8 2.4 2.2 2.4

Service-providing industries ..................................... 0.0 2.4 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 0.0 3.4 3.5 3.0 1.0 1.1

Wholesale trade ............................................... 0.0 7.7 6.6 5.8 2.7 2.7

Retail trade ...................................................... 0.0 3.5 3.2 2.5 0.7 1.2

Utilities ............................................................. 0.0 5.0 5.7 – 0.0 0.0

Financial activities ................................................ 0.0 2.1 4.1 3.1 1.2 1.2

Finance and insurance .................................... 0.0 1.5 4.0 2.9 1.3 1.4

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 0.0 3.0 5.0 3.3 2.0 2.0

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 0.0 3.2 6.5 4.7 3.0 3.2

Professional and business services ..................... 0.0 5.0 5.6 4.8 1.6 1.6

Professional and technical services ................. 0.0 7.6 7.6 – 2.7 2.7

Education and health services ............................. 0.0 6.6 4.1 – 5.4 5.6

Educational services ........................................ 0.0 9.6 8.1 – 5.8 5.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 0.0 8.1 7.5 – 3.8 3.8

Health care and social assistance ................... 0.0 7.2 4.4 – 6.0 6.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Summary of provisions, private industry

workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics Pre-tax

contribution

Post-tax

contribution1

Automatic

enrollment

provision2

Automatic

escalation

feature

Employee

choice of

investment

for employee

funds

Employee

choice of

investment

for employer

funds

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 0.0 3.6 2.8 2.1 2.5 2.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 0.0 3.4 3.4 2.8 0.8 0.9

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 0.0 6.5 5.3 2.5 6.7 6.7

100 workers or more ................................................ 0.0 2.0 2.5 1.5 1.1 1.2

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 0.0 3.4 3.2 2.2 1.7 1.7

500 workers or more ............................................ 0.0 3.3 3.8 2.6 1.4 1.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 0.0 5.2 3.0 2.3 1.2 1.2

New England ....................................................... 0.0 8.3 3.5 4.2 2.2 2.2

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 0.0 6.4 3.9 2.7 1.4 1.4

South ....................................................................... 0.0 2.2 3.4 2.5 1.1 1.3

South Atlantic ....................................................... 0.0 2.7 5.0 3.7 1.9 2.2

East South Central ............................................... 0.0 5.0 7.2 2.6 0.6 0.8

West South Central .............................................. 0.0 4.9 5.7 3.9 1.2 1.1

Midwest .................................................................... 0.0 4.9 3.1 1.7 1.7 1.8

East North Central ............................................... 0.0 6.5 4.2 2.3 1.4 1.4

West North Central .............................................. 0.0 6.8 4.1 2.4 4.4 4.8

West ......................................................................... 0.0 3.7 5.3 3.2 4.2 4.2

Mountain .............................................................. 0.0 5.1 – – 5.1 5.2

Pacific .................................................................. 0.0 4.8 6.6 4.0 5.5 5.5

1 Contributions are made after taxes have been deducted.

2 The employer automatically enrolls employees in the plan at a specified rate of contribution (e.g., 3 percent of earnings), unless the employee opts out of the

plan.

3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer

Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Savings and thrift plans: Plan provisions, private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Rollovers allowed Non-hardship withdrawals1 allowed Loans allowed

Yes No Not

determinable Yes No Notdeterminable Yes No Notdeterminable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 87 4 9 7 79 14 72 15 13

Management, professional, and related .................. 87 2 11 8 77 14 74 14 13

Management, business, and financial ................. 86 – – 11 74 15 67 20 12

Professional and related ...................................... 88 2 10 6 80 14 78 9 13

Service ..................................................................... 88 – – – 81 – 69 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 87 3 10 8 79 13 72 14 14

Sales and related ................................................. 93 – – 3 89 7 67 17 15

Office and administrative support ........................ 84 4 12 11 72 17 74 13 13

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 88 – – – 75 – 74 12 14

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 84 – – – – – – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 89 – – – 79 – 79 10 10

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 85 9 6 – 85 – 68 19 13

Production ............................................................ 79 13 8 – 85 – 68 22 9

Transportation and material moving .................... 92 – – – 86 – 68 16 16

Full time ................................................................... 86 4 10 8 78 14 72 14 14

Part time .................................................................. 94 – – – 90 – 68 – –

Union ....................................................................... 76 – – 7 79 14 77 10 13

Nonunion ................................................................. 88 3 9 7 79 14 71 15 14

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 91 – – – 88 – 66 – –

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 94 – – – 91 – 63 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 85 6 9 7 80 13 70 14 16

Third 25 percent ................................................... 87 3 10 6 80 14 73 15 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 88 2 10 10 76 14 74 14 12

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 88 1 10 11 73 16 71 15 14

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 78 11 11 6 80 14 75 14 11

Manufacturing ...................................................... 77 13 10 7 81 12 74 15 11

Service-providing industries ..................................... 89 2 9 7 79 14 71 15 14

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 91 – – – 87 – 69 15 16

Wholesale trade ............................................... 85 – – – 91 – 77 17 6

Retail trade ...................................................... 92 – – – 89 – – – –

Utilities ............................................................. 93 – – 32 60 9 87 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 84 – – 26 60 14 81 10 9

Finance and insurance .................................... 83 – – 30 55 15 83 7 10

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 86 – 14 40 46 14 84 6 10

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... – – – 11 71 18 81 8 11

Professional and business services ..................... 96 – 4 6 87 7 73 23 4

Professional and technical services ................. 95 – 5 – 92 – 72 – –

Education and health services ............................. 86 – – – – – – – –

Educational services ........................................ 74 – – – 82 – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 78 – – – 86 – 40 41 18

Health care and social assistance ................... 88 – – – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Savings and thrift plans: Plan provisions, private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Rollovers allowed Non-hardship withdrawals1 allowed Loans allowed

Yes No Not

determinable Yes No Notdeterminable Yes No Notdeterminable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 90 4 6 5 80 15 76 13 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 91 – – 6 80 13 77 14 9

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 89 – – – 79 – 74 11 15

100 workers or more ................................................ 85 4 11 8 79 13 69 16 15

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 86 4 11 5 82 13 63 20 17

500 workers or more ............................................ 84 4 12 12 75 12 76 12 12

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 90 – – 6 84 9 70 21 8

New England ....................................................... 90 – – – 82 – 74 19 7

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 90 – – 5 85 10 69 22 9

South ....................................................................... 85 5 10 8 81 11 71 15 14

South Atlantic ....................................................... 84 6 10 7 83 10 69 – –

East South Central ............................................... 91 – – – 84 – 81 10 9

West South Central .............................................. 83 – – – 77 – 70 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 87 5 9 8 76 15 69 15 16

East North Central ............................................... 88 – – 10 77 13 68 18 14

West North Central .............................................. 84 – – – – – – – –

West ......................................................................... 88 – – 5 77 19 77 – –

Mountain .............................................................. 87 – – 4 81 16 84 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 88 – – – – – 74 – –

1 Hardship is defined as immediate and heavy financial need, such as insufficiency of resources for healthcare, education, and payments for primary residence. IRS allows plans to offer the

option of hardship withdrawals but does not impose such a requirement. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Plan provisions, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Rollovers allowed Non-hardship withdrawals1 allowed Loans allowed

Yes No Not

determinable Yes No Notdeterminable Yes No Notdeterminable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.2 0.5 1.2 0.7 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.4

Management, professional, and related .................. 1.7 0.4 1.6 0.8 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.0 2.4

Management, business, and financial ................. 2.0 – – 1.7 2.6 2.2 3.4 3.2 2.1

Professional and related ...................................... 2.2 0.5 2.1 1.3 3.6 3.4 3.5 2.0 3.2

Service ..................................................................... 3.7 – – – 4.7 – 7.0 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 2.0 0.7 2.0 1.1 2.1 1.9 2.8 2.3 1.6

Sales and related ................................................. 2.0 – – 0.6 2.0 1.9 4.1 3.6 1.8

Office and administrative support ........................ 2.4 1.1 2.5 1.7 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.8 – – – 5.1 – 5.7 3.3 5.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 6.5 – – – – – – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 3.2 – – – 4.7 – 4.8 2.8 3.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 2.0 1.5 1.8 – 2.6 – 3.7 2.8 2.2

Production ............................................................ 3.1 2.1 2.9 – 2.8 – 5.6 4.6 3.3

Transportation and material moving .................... 2.0 – – – 4.4 – 3.9 2.7 3.1

Full time ................................................................... 1.2 0.5 1.2 0.8 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.6 1.4

Part time .................................................................. 1.9 – – – 2.0 – 7.5 – –

Union ....................................................................... 4.7 – – 1.8 4.9 4.5 4.6 2.5 4.4

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.3 0.4 1.2 0.7 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.8 1.4

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 2.8 – – – 2.2 – 7.9 – –

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 3.6 – – – 3.8 – 15.2 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 1.6 0.8 1.6 1.5 2.4 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.7

Third 25 percent ................................................... 1.8 0.8 1.7 1.0 1.8 1.7 2.8 2.0 1.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 1.6 0.5 1.6 1.0 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.3 2.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 2.6 0.4 2.5 1.5 5.1 5.1 5.2 4.3 4.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 2.0 1.4 2.1 1.4 2.2 1.9 3.4 2.6 1.9

Manufacturing ...................................................... 2.1 1.8 2.4 1.7 2.6 2.2 3.5 2.8 2.3

Service-providing industries ..................................... 1.5 0.4 1.4 0.8 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.0 1.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 1.6 – – – 2.2 – 2.9 2.2 2.2

Wholesale trade ............................................... 4.6 – – – 3.0 – 5.6 4.8 2.3

Retail trade ...................................................... 2.0 – – – 2.6 – – – –

Utilities ............................................................. 4.5 – – 8.5 6.7 4.8 6.4 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 3.1 – – 2.4 3.0 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.5

Finance and insurance .................................... 3.4 – – 2.5 3.0 1.9 2.0 1.3 1.7

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 6.0 – 6.0 4.0 4.7 3.1 2.6 1.6 2.6

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... – – – 3.0 3.8 4.7 4.7 2.1 3.3

Professional and business services ..................... 1.7 – 1.7 1.4 3.1 2.6 4.1 4.4 1.8

Professional and technical services ................. 2.8 – 2.8 – 3.9 – 5.5 – –

Education and health services ............................. 3.5 – – – – – – – –

Educational services ........................................ 7.9 – – – 6.9 – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 5.1 – – – 5.7 – 5.5 6.1 7.0

Health care and social assistance ................... 3.7 – – – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Plan provisions, private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Rollovers allowed Non-hardship withdrawals1 allowed Loans allowed

Yes No Not

determinable Yes No Notdeterminable Yes No Notdeterminable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.7 2.5 2.6 2.8 1.8 2.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 1.7 – – 0.9 3.4 3.4 3.7 2.0 3.4

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 2.1 – – – 4.4 – 4.7 3.2 4.2

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.8 0.7 1.8 1.0 2.0 1.7 2.4 2.5 1.7

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 2.3 1.0 2.1 1.3 2.6 1.9 3.2 3.6 2.0

500 workers or more ............................................ 2.9 1.1 2.8 1.7 2.7 2.6 3.3 2.8 2.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 1.8 – – 1.4 2.1 2.0 2.7 3.1 1.7

New England ....................................................... 1.0 – – – 5.2 – 5.1 4.3 2.2

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 2.4 – – 0.7 2.3 2.5 3.1 4.0 2.1

South ....................................................................... 3.2 1.0 2.7 1.4 2.6 2.1 3.2 3.4 2.3

South Atlantic ....................................................... 5.0 1.3 4.1 1.9 2.1 2.7 4.1 – –

East South Central ............................................... 2.5 – – – 4.3 – 2.8 2.6 1.8

West South Central .............................................. 5.1 – – – 7.5 – 7.3 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.4 2.3 2.2 4.2 3.5 2.6

East North Central ............................................... 1.3 – – 2.1 1.2 2.0 5.3 4.9 1.6

West North Central .............................................. 3.3 – – – – – – – –

West ......................................................................... 2.4 – – 0.7 5.0 4.9 4.6 – –

Mountain .............................................................. 4.4 – – 1.0 8.5 7.6 6.6 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 2.8 – – – – – 5.5 – –

1 Hardship is defined as immediate and heavy financial need, such as insufficiency of resources for healthcare, education, and payments for primary residence. IRS allows plans to offer the

option of hardship withdrawals but does not impose such a requirement. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Savings and thrift plans: Methods of retirement benefits distribution,1

 private

industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Lump sum Annuity Installments Other2 Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 92 14 36 7 8

Management, professional, and related .................. 91 18 32 – 7

Management, business, and financial ................. 91 16 31 5 8

Professional and related ...................................... 91 19 33 – 7

Service ..................................................................... 88 8 24 – 12

Sales and office ....................................................... 92 13 31 15 8

Sales and related ................................................. 95 – 24 24 5

Office and administrative support ........................ 91 17 35 10 9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 93 – 45 – 7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 94 – 50 – 6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 92 5 43 – 8

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 94 13 51 6 6

Production ............................................................ 94 14 52 – 6

Transportation and material moving .................... 94 – 49 12 6

Full time ................................................................... 91 15 36 7 8

Part time .................................................................. 96 10 32 14 4

Union ....................................................................... 96 8 57 – 4

Nonunion ................................................................. 91 15 34 8 8

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 95 8 28 15 5

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 95 – – – 5

Second 25 percent ............................................... 91 12 36 10 9

Third 25 percent ................................................... 92 17 39 7 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 91 15 35 3 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 91 16 33 4 6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 91 13 42 – 9

Manufacturing ...................................................... 92 15 43 – 8

Service-providing industries ..................................... 92 15 34 8 7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 95 6 39 17 5

Wholesale trade ............................................... 95 – 46 – 5

Retail trade ...................................................... 94 – 24 31 6

Utilities ............................................................. 93 – 76 – 7

Financial activities ................................................ 94 16 47 15 6

Finance and insurance .................................... 93 17 49 18 7

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 91 22 45 – 9

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 95 12 54 – 5

Professional and business services ..................... 94 17 30 – 3

Professional and technical services ................. 91 – 31 – 4

Education and health services ............................. 92 28 31 – 8

Educational services ........................................ 87 36 32 – 12

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 93 61 47 – 6

Health care and social assistance ................... 92 27 31 – 8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Savings and thrift plans: Methods of retirement benefits distribution,1

 private

industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Lump sum Annuity Installments Other2 Not

determinable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 91 15 35 4 8

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 93 13 36 5 6

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 87 – 32 – 11

100 workers or more ................................................ 92 14 36 9 8

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 93 9 31 11 7

500 workers or more ............................................ 92 20 42 7 8

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 95 12 33 4 5

New England ....................................................... 97 – 17 – 3

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 94 13 39 4 6

South ....................................................................... 89 17 36 10 10

South Atlantic ....................................................... 89 17 34 10 11

East South Central ............................................... 92 20 50 – 8

West South Central .............................................. 88 14 33 11 12

Midwest .................................................................... 92 11 35 8 8

East North Central ............................................... 91 – 37 – 9

West North Central .............................................. 92 – 30 – 8

West ......................................................................... 92 16 37 4 5

Mountain .............................................................. 88 – 34 – 4

Pacific .................................................................. 94 – 38 2 5

1 Sum of individual items may be greater than total because multiple methods of distribution are available to some employees. 2 Includes methods of distribution not calculated separately (e.g., employer stock). 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Methods of retirement benefits

distribution, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics Lump sum Annuity Installments Other1 Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 0.9 1.6 1.9 0.8 0.9

Management, professional, and related .................. 1.4 2.8 2.8 – 1.2

Management, business, and financial ................. 1.7 3.1 3.2 1.4 1.5

Professional and related ...................................... 2.2 4.2 3.6 – 1.7

Service ..................................................................... 4.7 2.0 4.5 – 4.7

Sales and office ....................................................... 1.3 2.4 2.2 1.3 1.3

Sales and related ................................................. 1.7 – 2.8 2.9 1.7

Office and administrative support ........................ 1.5 3.2 3.5 1.9 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.4 – 4.6 – 2.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 3.3 – 9.8 – 3.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 3.1 1.6 5.1 – 3.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 1.5 2.1 3.4 0.9 1.5

Production ............................................................ 2.4 2.7 4.6 – 2.4

Transportation and material moving .................... 1.8 – 4.1 2.0 1.8

Full time ................................................................... 1.0 1.7 2.1 0.8 0.9

Part time .................................................................. 1.3 2.5 4.7 2.4 1.3

Union ....................................................................... 1.8 2.3 6.2 – 1.8

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.0 1.7 1.9 0.8 1.0

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 1.8 2.2 3.0 2.5 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 3.1 – – – 3.1

Second 25 percent ............................................... 1.5 1.8 2.6 1.3 1.5

Third 25 percent ................................................... 1.2 3.4 3.0 1.3 1.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 1.3 2.1 3.2 0.7 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 2.1 2.9 4.1 1.0 1.5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 1.6 1.9 3.1 – 1.6

Manufacturing ...................................................... 1.7 2.2 3.7 – 1.7

Service-providing industries ..................................... 1.1 1.9 2.2 0.9 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 1.2 1.8 2.4 1.7 1.2

Wholesale trade ............................................... 2.0 – 5.0 – 2.0

Retail trade ...................................................... 1.8 – 3.4 3.2 1.8

Utilities ............................................................. 4.1 – 6.2 – 4.1

Financial activities ................................................ 1.3 2.8 3.5 3.0 1.3

Finance and insurance .................................... 1.5 3.2 3.9 3.5 1.5

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 2.8 6.0 5.1 – 2.8

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 2.4 3.4 6.6 – 2.4

Professional and business services ..................... 2.2 4.4 5.0 – 1.1

Professional and technical services ................. 3.3 – 5.2 – 1.8

Education and health services ............................. 2.9 5.8 5.9 – 2.9

Educational services ........................................ 6.3 8.0 7.5 – 6.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 3.7 7.2 6.0 – 3.8

Health care and social assistance ................... 3.2 6.4 6.5 – 3.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Methods of retirement benefits

distribution, private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics Lump sum Annuity Installments Other1 Not

determinable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 1.7 2.9 2.6 0.7 1.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 1.6 2.6 2.8 1.0 1.1

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 3.5 – 4.8 – 3.1

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.2 1.7 2.3 1.1 1.2

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 1.9 1.7 2.3 1.5 1.9

500 workers or more ............................................ 1.9 2.9 3.9 1.8 1.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 1.3 3.0 4.0 1.0 1.3

New England ....................................................... 1.6 – 4.6 – 1.6

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 1.6 3.3 4.9 1.1 1.6

South ....................................................................... 2.0 2.1 3.1 1.3 2.0

South Atlantic ....................................................... 2.6 3.0 4.7 2.1 2.6

East South Central ............................................... 2.7 3.0 6.5 – 2.7

West South Central .............................................. 4.5 3.6 3.9 1.6 4.5

Midwest .................................................................... 1.7 3.2 3.9 2.2 1.7

East North Central ............................................... 1.9 – 5.0 – 1.9

West North Central .............................................. 3.6 – 6.4 – 3.6

West ......................................................................... 1.9 4.3 4.2 1.0 1.2

Mountain .............................................................. 4.1 – 5.7 – 1.7

Pacific .................................................................. 1.8 – 5.6 0.6 1.6

1 Includes methods of distribution not calculated separately (e.g., employer stock). 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Savings and thrift plans: Eligibility requirements, private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

minimum age

or service

requirement

Median age

requirement

(in years)

Median

service

requirement

(in months)

No minimum

age or

service

requirement

Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 60 21 6 32 8

Management, professional, and related .................. 50 21 – 39 11

Management, business, and financial ................. 53 21 3 37 10

Professional and related ...................................... 48 21 – 40 11

Service ..................................................................... 76 21 – 20 4

Sales and office ....................................................... 63 21 6 32 6

Sales and related ................................................. 70 21 6 25 5

Office and administrative support ........................ 58 21 – 36 6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 68 21 3 27 6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 70 21 – 25 5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 67 21 3 28 6

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 68 21 – 25 7

Production ............................................................ 62 19 – 26 12

Transportation and material moving .................... 73 21 3 25 2

Full time ................................................................... 59 21 – 33 8

Part time .................................................................. 71 21 – 27 1

Union ....................................................................... 48 21 – 42 10

Nonunion ................................................................. 61 21 6 31 8

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 77 21 – 21 3

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 88 21 12 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 65 21 6 29 6

Third 25 percent ................................................... 61 21 – 32 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 51 21 3 38 11

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 51 21 – 39 11

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 58 21 3 29 14

Manufacturing ...................................................... 57 21 3 28 15

Service-providing industries ..................................... 61 21 6 33 6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 68 21 6 30 2

Wholesale trade ............................................... 75 21 – 25 –

Retail trade ...................................................... 69 19 6 29 2

Utilities ............................................................. – – – 52 –

Financial activities ................................................ 54 21 – 41 5

Finance and insurance .................................... 47 18 – 46 6

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 52 21 – 44 4

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 47 18 – 42 11

Professional and business services ..................... 60 21 6 29 11

Professional and technical services ................. 65 21 – – –

Education and health services ............................. 57 21 12 36 6

Educational services ........................................ 63 21 – 28 9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 52 21 12 44 4

Health care and social assistance ................... 57 21 12 37 6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Savings and thrift plans: Eligibility requirements, private industry workers,

2019—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

minimum age

or service

requirement

Median age

requirement

(in years)

Median

service

requirement

(in months)

No minimum

age or

service

requirement

Not

determinable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 76 21 6 20 3

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 74 21 6 22 4

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 80 21 – 17 3

100 workers or more ................................................ 51 21 – 39 10

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 58 21 – 32 9

500 workers or more ............................................ 42 21 – 46 12

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 63 21 6 35 2

New England ....................................................... 62 21 – 37 1

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 63 21 6 35 2

South ....................................................................... 59 21 6 36 6

South Atlantic ....................................................... 63 21 6 32 5

East South Central ............................................... 54 21 3 35 11

West South Central .............................................. 53 21 – 43 4

Midwest .................................................................... 52 21 3 35 13

East North Central ............................................... 46 21 3 38 16

West North Central .............................................. 63 21 12 30 7

West ......................................................................... 70 21 6 21 9

Mountain .............................................................. 62 21 3 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 74 21 6 20 6

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet

publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Eligibility requirements, private

industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

With

minimum age

or service

requirement

Median age

requirement

(in years)

Median

service

requirement

(in months)

No minimum

age or

service

requirement

Not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 2.4 0.0 1.1 2.1 1.1

Management, professional, and related .................. 3.5 0.0 – 3.0 1.9

Management, business, and financial ................. 3.4 0.0 0.0 3.0 1.8

Professional and related ...................................... 5.2 0.0 – 4.5 2.4

Service ..................................................................... 5.0 0.0 – 4.5 1.3

Sales and office ....................................................... 3.1 0.0 0.0 2.4 1.3

Sales and related ................................................. 3.5 0.0 0.0 2.6 2.4

Office and administrative support ........................ 3.7 0.0 – 3.3 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.8 0.0 0.0 4.4 2.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 7.6 0.4 – 7.3 3.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 5.5 0.0 0.0 5.1 3.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 3.8 1.8 – 2.9 2.0

Production ............................................................ 5.7 2.4 – 3.5 3.5

Transportation and material moving .................... 3.2 0.7 0.0 3.4 1.1

Full time ................................................................... 2.4 0.0 – 2.0 1.2

Part time .................................................................. 4.6 0.0 – 4.6 0.7

Union ....................................................................... 6.2 0.0 – 5.8 2.8

Nonunion ................................................................. 2.5 0.0 1.4 2.1 1.1

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 3.3 0.0 – 3.2 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 3.7 0.0 0.0 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 2.5 0.0 0.5 2.3 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................... 3.3 0.0 – 2.7 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 3.9 0.0 0.5 3.3 2.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 5.2 0.0 – 4.5 2.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 4.8 1.2 0.0 3.6 2.7

Manufacturing ...................................................... 4.9 2.6 0.0 3.3 3.0

Service-providing industries ..................................... 2.8 0.0 0.0 2.5 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 2.5 0.4 0.0 2.8 0.7

Wholesale trade ............................................... 6.9 0.0 – 6.9 –

Retail trade ...................................................... 3.1 1.1 0.0 2.9 1.2

Utilities ............................................................. – – – 7.8 –

Financial activities ................................................ 4.0 1.1 – 3.7 1.6

Finance and insurance .................................... 4.2 3.3 – 4.2 1.8

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 5.7 0.8 – 5.3 1.9

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 5.2 0.5 – 4.8 4.1

Professional and business services ..................... 6.8 0.0 1.5 5.9 4.2

Professional and technical services ................. 7.5 0.0 – – –

Education and health services ............................. 6.1 0.0 0.0 5.2 2.0

Educational services ........................................ 8.5 0.0 – 6.6 5.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 6.7 0.0 0.0 6.9 2.4

Health care and social assistance ................... 6.7 0.0 0.0 5.8 2.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Eligibility requirements, private

industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

With

minimum age

or service

requirement

Median age

requirement

(in years)

Median

service

requirement

(in months)

No minimum

age or

service

requirement

Not

determinable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 2.4 0.0 1.5 2.4 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 3.2 0.0 1.1 3.2 0.8

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 4.0 0.3 – 3.7 0.9

100 workers or more ................................................ 3.1 0.0 – 2.6 1.8

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 3.8 0.8 – 3.0 2.2

500 workers or more ............................................ 4.2 0.0 – 3.9 2.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 4.4 0.0 0.5 4.0 1.1

New England ....................................................... 10.4 0.0 – 10.1 0.8

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 4.6 0.0 0.0 4.0 1.4

South ....................................................................... 5.8 0.0 1.0 4.8 1.3

South Atlantic ....................................................... 9.3 2.4 0.0 7.9 1.7

East South Central ............................................... 7.8 0.0 0.0 4.1 5.9

West South Central .............................................. 5.5 0.4 – 5.2 1.5

Midwest .................................................................... 3.5 0.0 0.0 3.0 2.9

East North Central ............................................... 3.3 0.0 0.0 2.8 4.1

West North Central .............................................. 7.7 0.4 3.3 7.3 1.8

West ......................................................................... 3.6 0.0 0.5 3.8 2.3

Mountain .............................................................. 3.5 0.0 0.0 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 4.5 0.0 0.0 3.6 2.1

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Savings and thrift plans: Maximum employee contributions subject to Internal Revenue Code limit,1

 private

industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Percent of

earnings

Percent of earnings2

Any amount Other3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 54 30 50 50 75 85 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 54 – 50 50 75 85 46 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 57 30 50 50 75 – 43 –

Professional and related ...................................... 51 35 50 50 75 85 49 –

Service ..................................................................... 37 25 – 50 75 80 63 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 62 35 50 50 75 85 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 65 50 50 50 75 80 35 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 60 30 50 50 75 90 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – – – 60 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – – – – 70 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – – – – – – 55 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 58 30 50 60 75 75 42 –

Production ............................................................ 51 30 50 60 75 75 49 –

Transportation and material moving .................... 66 40 50 50 75 80 34 –

Full time ................................................................... 54 30 50 50 75 85 – –

Part time .................................................................. 61 50 50 50 75 85 39 –

Union ....................................................................... 55 25 50 50 70 75 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 54 30 50 50 75 85 46 –

Average wage within the following categories4:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 55 – 50 50 75 80 45 –

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 51 – 50 50 75 80 49 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 54 30 50 50 75 80 46 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 51 30 50 50 75 85 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 57 30 50 50 75 85 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 63 30 50 50 60 85 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 49 25 50 50 75 75 51 –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 51 30 50 50 75 75 49 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 56 35 50 50 75 85 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 69 35 50 50 75 80 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................... 53 – 50 – 80 85 47 –

Retail trade ...................................................... 80 – 50 50 75 80 20 –

Utilities ............................................................. 65 20 50 50 75 – – –

Financial activities ................................................ 70 50 50 50 70 80 30 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 77 50 50 50 65 80 23 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 74 50 50 50 50 75 26 –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 77 50 50 50 75 80 23 –

Professional and business services ..................... 62 50 50 50 80 90 38 –

Professional and technical services ................. 62 – 50 50 80 92 38 –

Education and health services ............................. 21 50 – 75 85 85 79 –

Educational services ........................................ – – – – – – 93 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – – – – – – 87 –

Health care and social assistance ................... 22 50 – 75 85 85 78 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Savings and thrift plans: Maximum employee contributions subject to Internal Revenue Code limit,1

 private

industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Percent of

earnings

Percent of earnings2

Any amount Other3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 45 50 50 60 75 90 55 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 48 50 50 60 75 90 52 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 38 – 50 60 80 90 62 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 60 30 50 50 75 80 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 54 – 50 50 75 80 46 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 66 30 50 50 75 80 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 52 – 50 50 75 85 48 –

New England ....................................................... 55 – – 50 75 80 45 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 51 – 50 50 60 85 49 –

South ....................................................................... 60 25 50 50 70 80 40 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 61 25 50 50 75 80 39 –

East South Central ............................................... 59 – 50 50 60 75 41 –

West South Central .............................................. 58 25 50 50 70 80 42 –

Midwest .................................................................... 55 50 50 50 75 85 – –

East North Central ............................................... 53 50 50 – 75 85 – –

West North Central .............................................. 60 50 50 50 75 80 40 –

West ......................................................................... 47 30 50 50 75 90 53 –

Mountain .............................................................. 49 30 – 50 75 85 51 –

Pacific .................................................................. 46 30 50 50 75 90 54 –

1 The Internal Revenue Code limit on employee contributions was $19,000 in 2019. 2 Estimates represent percentage of employee contributions for those workers participating in plans with maximum employee contributions based on a percentage of earnings. 3 Other may include plans with maximum employee contribution criteria that varies, for example based on employees’ length of service (e.g., an employee may contribute up to three

percent during their first three years of service and up to five percent thereafter). 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Maximum employee contributions subject to Internal Revenue

Code limit,1

 private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics Percent of

earnings

Percent of earnings

Any amount Other2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 2.3 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 3.6 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 –

Management, business, and financial ................. 4.1 7.8 0.0 0.0 5.7 – 4.1 –

Professional and related ...................................... 4.2 7.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 4.2 –

Service ..................................................................... 6.6 1.3 – 11.4 6.1 9.3 6.6 –

Sales and office ....................................................... 2.6 9.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.2 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 4.5 –

Office and administrative support ........................ 3.0 4.9 0.0 0.0 1.8 6.2 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – – – 5.4 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – – – – – – 9.6 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – – – – – – 6.3 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 3.6 6.8 0.0 14.3 0.0 5.8 3.6 –

Production ............................................................ 5.3 1.3 0.0 10.8 2.5 0.0 5.3 –

Transportation and material moving .................... 4.4 7.7 0.0 10.3 0.0 6.1 4.4 –

Full time ................................................................... 2.4 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 – –

Part time .................................................................. 5.5 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 5.5 –

Union ....................................................................... 5.8 6.0 7.5 0.0 12.8 0.0 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 2.4 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.4 –

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 5.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 5.0 –

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 13.5 – 0.0 4.8 9.5 6.9 13.5 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 3.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 3.0 –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 3.2 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 3.7 6.3 0.0 0.0 1.2 3.8 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 5.2 4.2 0.0 0.0 14.8 5.7 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 3.7 6.5 7.3 0.0 5.4 0.0 3.7 –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 3.9 2.0 8.0 0.0 5.1 0.0 3.9 –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 2.6 7.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 3.5 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................... 7.8 – 1.8 – 2.6 2.0 7.8 –

Retail trade ...................................................... 2.9 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 2.9 –

Utilities ............................................................. 7.0 0.0 5.2 0.0 16.4 – – –

Financial activities ................................................ 3.0 7.8 0.0 0.0 12.9 5.2 3.0 –

Finance and insurance .................................... 3.1 13.3 0.0 0.0 12.9 6.8 3.1 –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2 0.0 4.5 –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 4.7 14.3 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.9 4.7 –

Professional and business services ..................... 5.9 14.6 0.0 0.0 9.7 0.0 5.9 –

Professional and technical services ................. 6.4 – 0.0 12.9 10.2 4.3 6.4 –

Education and health services ............................. 3.6 0.0 – 0.0 2.6 0.0 3.6 –

Educational services ........................................ – – – – – – 2.3 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – – – – – – 2.7 –

Health care and social assistance ................... 4.0 0.0 – 0.0 3.5 0.0 4.0 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Maximum employee contributions subject to Internal Revenue

Code limit,1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics Percent of

earnings

Percent of earnings

Any amount Other2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 3.5 6.6 0.0 2.9 6.9 0.9 3.5 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 4.4 0.0 0.0 2.0 6.4 4.2 4.4 –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 5.5 – 0.0 17.1 6.4 0.9 5.5 –

100 workers or more ................................................ 2.9 3.8 0.0 0.0 4.6 2.2 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 3.9 – 0.0 0.0 5.1 5.1 3.9 –

500 workers or more ............................................ 3.5 2.0 2.6 0.0 11.5 2.4 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 5.7 – 5.2 0.0 11.6 7.1 5.7 –

New England ....................................................... 11.3 – – 6.1 1.6 14.5 11.3 –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 6.4 – 0.0 0.0 15.5 12.1 6.4 –

South ....................................................................... 2.7 3.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 3.7 2.7 –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 3.0 6.8 0.0 0.0 11.4 6.8 3.0 –

East South Central ............................................... 10.3 – 0.0 0.0 7.4 6.7 10.3 –

West South Central .............................................. 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 6.6 5.3 –

Midwest .................................................................... 4.5 3.6 0.0 3.6 0.0 6.2 – –

East North Central ............................................... 5.4 6.1 0.0 – 1.3 6.4 – –

West North Central .............................................. 7.3 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.1 7.3 –

West ......................................................................... 6.2 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 6.2 –

Mountain .............................................................. 12.6 7.5 – 0.0 7.5 6.2 12.6 –

Pacific .................................................................. 6.9 7.3 0.0 6.8 0.0 4.7 6.9 –

1 The Internal Revenue Code limit on employee contributions was $19,000 in 2019. 2 Other may include plans with maximum employee contribution criteria that varies, for example based on employees’ length of service (e.g., an employee may contribute up to three

percent during their first three years of service and up to five percent thereafter). 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Savings and thrift plans: Maximum employee contribution percentage

matched by employer, private industry workers, 2019

(Includes all workers participating in savings and thrift plans with a specified matching percent)

Characteristics

Maximum employee contribution percentage matched by employer

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Management, professional, and related .................. 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Management, business, and financial ................. 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Professional and related ...................................... 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.0

Service ..................................................................... 3.0 – 5.0 6.0 6.0

Sales and office ....................................................... – 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.0

Sales and related ................................................. 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Office and administrative support ........................ – 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 4.0 4.0 4.5 6.0 8.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 –

Production ............................................................ 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0

Transportation and material moving .................... – 5.0 6.0 6.0 –

Full time ................................................................... 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Part time .................................................................. 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 6.0

Union ....................................................................... 3.0 4.0 – 6.0 6.0

Nonunion ................................................................. – 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 3.0 – 5.0 6.0 6.0

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 3.0 3.0 – 6.0 6.0

Second 25 percent ............................................... 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Third 25 percent ................................................... 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 8.0

Manufacturing ...................................................... 4.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0

Service-providing industries ..................................... 3.0 4.0 – 6.0 6.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Wholesale trade ............................................... 3.0 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0

Retail trade ...................................................... 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Utilities ............................................................. 1.0 – 6.0 6.0 8.0

Financial activities ................................................ 4.0 – 5.0 6.0 6.0

Finance and insurance .................................... 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 4.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.0

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 8.0

Professional and business services ..................... 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Professional and technical services ................. 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Education and health services ............................. 2.0 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0

Educational services ........................................ 3.0 – 5.0 6.0 6.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 3.0 3.0 4.5 5.0 6.0

Health care and social assistance ................... 2.0 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Savings and thrift plans: Maximum employee contribution percentage

matched by employer, private industry workers, 2019—continued

(Includes all workers participating in savings and thrift plans with a specified matching percent)

Characteristics

Maximum employee contribution percentage matched by employer

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.0

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 4.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.0

100 workers or more ................................................ 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

500 workers or more ............................................ 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

New England ....................................................... 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 8.0

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

South ....................................................................... 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.0

South Atlantic ....................................................... 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.0

East South Central ............................................... 3.0 4.0 – 6.0 6.0

West South Central .............................................. 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Midwest .................................................................... 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

East North Central ............................................... 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

West North Central .............................................. – 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

West ......................................................................... 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 7.0

Mountain .............................................................. 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

Pacific .................................................................. 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 7.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers

with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the

National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, 

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Maximum employee contribution

percentage matched by employer, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Maximum employee contribution percentage matched by employer

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 0.6 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0

Management, professional, and related .................. 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

Management, business, and financial ................. 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Professional and related ...................................... 0.7 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.3

Service ..................................................................... 0.0 – 0.4 0.0 0.0

Sales and office ....................................................... – 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0

Sales and related ................................................. 0.5 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0

Office and administrative support ........................ – 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.4 1.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 0.5 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.0 –

Production ............................................................ 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.0 1.9

Transportation and material moving .................... – 0.7 0.0 0.0 –

Full time ................................................................... 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0

Part time .................................................................. 0.0 0.5 1.4 0.0 0.0

Union ....................................................................... 0.0 1.1 – 0.0 1.4

Nonunion ................................................................. – 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 0.0 – 0.8 0.0 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 0.0 0.0 – 1.3 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................... 0.7 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................... 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 0.3 0.0 1.3 0.0 1.2

Manufacturing ...................................................... 0.3 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.6

Service-providing industries ..................................... 0.3 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................... 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.2 0.0

Retail trade ...................................................... 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Utilities ............................................................. 0.0 – 0.4 0.0 1.6

Financial activities ................................................ 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................... 0.0 0.7 0.6 0.0 0.7

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

Professional and business services ..................... 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Professional and technical services ................. 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 1.3

Education and health services ............................. 0.4 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0

Educational services ........................................ 0.5 – 0.8 0.9 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.3

Health care and social assistance ................... 0.4 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Maximum employee contribution

percentage matched by employer, private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Maximum employee contribution percentage matched by employer

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 0.9 0.3 1.2 0.0 1.0

100 workers or more ................................................ 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

500 workers or more ............................................ 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 0.4 0.1 1.3 0.0 0.0

New England ....................................................... 0.2 0.0 1.2 0.0 1.6

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 0.9 0.4 1.4 0.0 0.0

South ....................................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

South Atlantic ....................................................... 0.7 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.0

East South Central ............................................... 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.9

West South Central .............................................. 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.0 0.0

Midwest .................................................................... 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0

East North Central ............................................... 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0

West North Central .............................................. – 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

West ......................................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4

Mountain .............................................................. 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Pacific .................................................................. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Savings and thrift plans: Method of employer matching contributions, private industry

workers, 2019

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Specified

matching

percent

Specified matching percent

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 65 25 50 – 100 100

Management, professional, and related .................. 67 25 50 – 100 100

Management, business, and financial ................. 70 25 50 – 100 100

Professional and related ...................................... 64 – 50 – 100 100

Service ..................................................................... 68 25 50 – 100 100

Sales and office ....................................................... 64 – 50 100 100 100

Sales and related ................................................. 57 – 50 – 100 100

Office and administrative support ........................ 67 – 50 100 100 100

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 61 50 50 – 100 100

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 38 – 50 – 100 100

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 72 50 50 – 100 100

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 62 35 50 – 100 100

Production ............................................................ 62 – 50 – 100 100

Transportation and material moving .................... 62 35 50 – 100 100

Full time ................................................................... 65 25 50 – 100 100

Part time .................................................................. 59 – 50 – 100 100

Union ....................................................................... 71 – 50 – 100 100

Nonunion ................................................................. 64 25 50 – 100 100

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 57 25 50 – 100 100

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 58 – – – 100 100

Second 25 percent ............................................... 65 25 50 – 100 100

Third 25 percent ................................................... 59 – 50 – 100 100

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 71 – 50 – 100 100

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 72 – 50 – 100 100

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 67 50 50 75 100 100

Manufacturing ...................................................... 69 – 50 75 100 100

Service-providing industries ..................................... 64 25 50 – 100 100

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 62 – 50 100 100 100

Wholesale trade ............................................... 57 50 50 – 100 100

Retail trade ...................................................... 55 – 50 100 100 100

Utilities ............................................................. 82 50 50 – 100 100

Financial activities ................................................ 73 50 – 100 100 100

Finance and insurance .................................... 76 50 80 100 100 100

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 78 50 100 100 100 100

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 72 50 50 100 100 100

Professional and business services ..................... 60 25 50 50 100 100

Professional and technical services ................. 59 25 – 50 – 100

Education and health services ............................. 68 25 50 – 100 100

Educational services ........................................ 61 – – 100 100 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 73 50 100 100 – 200

Health care and social assistance ................... 68 25 50 – 100 100

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 60 – 50 – 100 100

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 62 25 50 – 100 100

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 57 35 50 100 100 100

100 workers or more ................................................ 67 25 50 – 100 100

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 67 25 50 – 100 100

500 workers or more ............................................ 68 – 50 – 100 100

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Savings and thrift plans: Method of employer matching contributions, private industry workers,

2019—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Percent

varies by

employee

contribution

Discretionary

match Age Length ofservice

Social

Security

Taxable

Wage Base

Other1

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 19 10 – 1 – 5

Management, professional, and related .................. 16 8 – 2 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 19 – – – – –

Professional and related ...................................... 14 10 – 3 – –

Service ..................................................................... – 13 – – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 25 6 – – – –

Sales and related ................................................. 28 7 – – – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 23 5 – – – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 17 17 – – – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – 40 – – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – – – – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 20 14 – – – 4

Production ............................................................ 18 18 – – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 21 9 – – – –

Full time ................................................................... 18 10 – 1 – 5

Part time .................................................................. 27 – – – – 3

Union ....................................................................... 14 8 – – – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 19 10 – 1 – 5

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 26 13 – – – –

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... – – – – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 20 10 – – – 4

Third 25 percent ................................................... 20 13 – – – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 16 7 – 2 – 4

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 16 – – – – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 18 11 – – – 2

Manufacturing ...................................................... 17 10 – – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 19 9 – 1 – 6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 22 10 – – – 6

Wholesale trade ............................................... 31 – – – – –

Retail trade ...................................................... 22 12 – – – –

Utilities ............................................................. – – – – – –

Financial activities ................................................ 24 – – – – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 20 – – – – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 21 – – – – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 22 – – – – –

Professional and business services ..................... 21 – – – – –

Professional and technical services ................. – – – – – –

Education and health services ............................. – 10 – 5 – –

Educational services ........................................ – – – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – – – – – –

Health care and social assistance ................... – 9 – 5 – –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 19 14 – – – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 19 14 – – – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 18 16 – – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 19 7 – 2 – 4

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 16 10 – – – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 22 – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Savings and thrift plans: Method of employer matching contributions, private industry

workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Specified

matching

percent

Specified matching percent

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 61 25 – 50 100 100

New England ....................................................... 66 25 – 50 – 100

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 59 25 50 – 100 100

South ....................................................................... 66 – 50 100 100 100

South Atlantic ....................................................... 63 – 50 100 100 100

East South Central ............................................... 74 50 50 – 100 100

West South Central .............................................. 70 – 50 100 100 100

Midwest .................................................................... 65 50 50 100 100 100

East North Central ............................................... 66 50 50 100 100 100

West North Central .............................................. 63 50 50 – 100 100

West ......................................................................... 65 25 50 – 100 100

Mountain .............................................................. 64 25 50 50 100 100

Pacific .................................................................. 66 – 50 – 100 100

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Savings and thrift plans: Method of employer matching contributions, private industry workers,

2019—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Percent

varies by

employee

contribution

Discretionary

match Age Length ofservice

Social

Security

Taxable

Wage Base

Other1

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 15 16 – – – –

New England ....................................................... – – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 17 – – – –

South ....................................................................... 17 10 – – – 6

South Atlantic ....................................................... 17 – – – – 8

East South Central ............................................... – – – – – –

West South Central .............................................. 18 9 – – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 22 9 – – – 3

East North Central ............................................... 21 8 – – – –

West North Central .............................................. – – – – – –

West ......................................................................... 22 5 – – – –

Mountain .............................................................. 33 – – – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 16 – – – – –

1 Includes matches not shown elsewhere. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs

for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Method of employer matching contributions,

private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Specified

matching

percent

Specified matching percent

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 2.1 5.2 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Management, professional, and related .................. 3.5 0.9 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Management, business, and financial ................. 3.3 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Professional and related ...................................... 4.9 – 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Service ..................................................................... 5.0 0.0 8.2 – 0.0 0.0

Sales and office ....................................................... 2.8 – 0.0 18.6 0.0 0.0

Sales and related ................................................. 4.9 – 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Office and administrative support ........................ 3.0 – 0.0 11.1 0.0 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5.2 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 11.2 – 0.0 – 6.7 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 4.9 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 3.7 10.4 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Production ............................................................ 5.3 – 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................... 4.8 9.8 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Full time ................................................................... 2.2 5.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Part time .................................................................. 5.8 – 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Union ....................................................................... 4.9 – 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Nonunion ................................................................. 2.3 3.8 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 4.4 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 12.2 – – – 0.0 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................... 2.3 3.2 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................... 3.7 – 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 3.1 – 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 5.0 – 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 2.5 13.4 0.0 16.2 0.0 0.0

Manufacturing ...................................................... 2.9 – 0.0 11.4 0.0 0.0

Service-providing industries ..................................... 2.6 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 3.4 – 0.0 13.9 0.0 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................... 6.9 14.1 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Retail trade ...................................................... 3.0 – 0.0 18.2 0.0 0.0

Utilities ............................................................. 4.4 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Financial activities ................................................ 3.2 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................... 3.4 0.0 21.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 3.5 0.0 4.6 10.9 0.0 0.0

Professional and business services ..................... 7.2 0.0 3.9 0.0 20.9 0.0

Professional and technical services ................. 9.3 0.0 – 0.0 – 0.0

Education and health services ............................. 5.8 0.0 4.1 – 0.0 0.0

Educational services ........................................ 9.1 – – 0.0 0.0 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 6.0 12.9 0.0 0.0 – 30.1

Health care and social assistance ................... 6.4 0.0 6.1 – 0.0 0.0

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 3.3 – 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 4.5 6.1 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 6.0 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

100 workers or more ................................................ 2.6 7.5 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 3.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

500 workers or more ............................................ 3.7 – 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Method of employer matching contributions,

private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Percent

varies by

employee

contribution

Discretionary

match Age Length ofservice

Social

Security

Taxable

Wage Base

Other

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.7 1.2 – 0.3 – 1.0

Management, professional, and related .................. 2.1 1.8 – 0.6 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 3.2 – – – – –

Professional and related ...................................... 2.7 2.4 – 0.9 – –

Service ..................................................................... – 2.7 – – – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 2.2 1.1 – – – –

Sales and related ................................................. 4.0 1.9 – – – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 2.9 1.1 – – – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.8 5.2 – – – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... – 11.5 – – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... – – – – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 2.2 3.1 – – – 1.2

Production ............................................................ 2.1 5.0 – – – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 3.6 2.3 – – – –

Full time ................................................................... 1.6 1.3 – 0.3 – 1.1

Part time .................................................................. 6.1 – – – – 0.7

Union ....................................................................... 4.2 2.3 – – – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.8 1.3 – 0.3 – 1.0

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 5.1 2.6 – – – –

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... – – – – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 2.3 1.3 – – – 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................... 2.2 1.8 – – – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 2.1 1.8 – 0.5 – 1.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 2.9 – – – – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 1.9 2.1 – – – 0.4

Manufacturing ...................................................... 2.1 2.5 – – – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 2.1 1.5 – 0.4 – 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 2.9 2.0 – – – 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................... 6.1 – – – – –

Retail trade ...................................................... 3.1 3.2 – – – –

Utilities ............................................................. – – – – – –

Financial activities ................................................ 3.1 – – – – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 3.1 – – – – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 5.6 – – – – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 3.1 – – – – –

Professional and business services ..................... 5.0 – – – – –

Professional and technical services ................. – – – – – –

Education and health services ............................. – 2.4 – 1.3 – –

Educational services ........................................ – – – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – – – – – –

Health care and social assistance ................... – 2.3 – 1.4 – –

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 2.1 2.4 – – – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 2.6 3.2 – – – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 3.5 4.0 – – – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 2.4 1.0 – 0.5 – 0.7

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 2.8 1.8 – – – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 3.6 – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Method of employer matching contributions,

private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Specified

matching

percent

Specified matching percent

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 4.7 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0

New England ....................................................... 6.4 0.0 – 0.0 – 0.0

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 6.1 0.0 8.6 – 0.0 0.0

South ....................................................................... 3.7 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

South Atlantic ....................................................... 6.0 – 0.0 17.2 0.0 0.0

East South Central ............................................... 4.6 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

West South Central .............................................. 2.1 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Midwest .................................................................... 4.7 0.0 0.0 19.7 0.0 0.0

East North Central ............................................... 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

West North Central .............................................. 10.3 6.3 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

West ......................................................................... 4.2 2.6 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

Mountain .............................................................. 7.4 0.0 14.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

Pacific .................................................................. 5.1 – 0.0 – 0.0 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Method of employer matching contributions,

private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Percent

varies by

employee

contribution

Discretionary

match Age Length ofservice

Social

Security

Taxable

Wage Base

Other

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 4.3 3.4 – – – –

New England ....................................................... – – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... – 4.2 – – – –

South ....................................................................... 2.3 2.7 – – – 0.6

South Atlantic ....................................................... 3.6 – – – – 1.1

East South Central ............................................... – – – – – –

West South Central .............................................. 2.8 2.4 – – – –

Midwest .................................................................... 3.8 2.0 – – – 0.4

East North Central ............................................... 4.3 2.3 – – – –

West North Central .............................................. – – – – – –

West ......................................................................... 3.4 1.5 – – – –

Mountain .............................................................. 8.0 – – – – –

Pacific .................................................................. 2.2 – – – – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs

for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Savings and thrift plans: Maximum potential employer contribution percentage,1

private industry workers, 2019

(Includes all workers participating in savings and thrift plans that specify matching contributions)

Characteristics

Maximum potential employer contribution percentage

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.5 2.5 3.0 5.0 6.0

Management, professional, and related .................. 1.5 3.0 3.3 5.0 6.0

Management, business, and financial ................. 1.5 – 4.0 5.0 6.0

Professional and related ...................................... – 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0

Service ..................................................................... 1.0 2.0 3.0 – 6.0

Sales and office ....................................................... 1.5 2.0 3.5 6.0 6.0

Sales and related ................................................. 1.5 2.0 – 6.0 6.0

Office and administrative support ........................ 1.5 2.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 2.5 3.0 5.0 6.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 2.0 – – 4.0 6.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 1.8 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 1.8 2.5 3.6 5.0 6.0

Production ............................................................ 1.8 – – 4.0 6.0

Transportation and material moving .................... 1.8 2.8 4.0 6.0 6.0

Full time ................................................................... 1.5 2.5 3.0 5.0 6.0

Part time .................................................................. 1.3 – 3.0 – 6.0

Union ....................................................................... – – 3.0 5.5 6.0

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.5 2.5 3.0 5.0 6.0

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... – 2.0 3.0 – 6.0

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... – – 3.0 – 6.0

Second 25 percent ............................................... 1.5 2.0 3.0 5.0 6.0

Third 25 percent ................................................... 1.8 2.0 3.0 5.0 6.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 1.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 1.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 1.8 – 4.0 5.0 6.0

Manufacturing ...................................................... 1.8 – 4.0 5.0 6.0

Service-providing industries ..................................... 1.5 2.5 3.0 5.0 6.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 1.5 2.5 3.0 5.5 6.0

Wholesale trade ............................................... 2.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 4.5

Retail trade ...................................................... – – 4.0 6.0 6.0

Utilities ............................................................. 1.0 – 3.0 5.0 6.0

Financial activities ................................................ 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.0

Finance and insurance .................................... 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.0

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.0

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 3.0 4.0 4.0 6.0 6.0

Professional and business services ..................... 1.5 – 3.0 4.0 6.0

Professional and technical services ................. 1.5 – 3.0 3.5 6.0

Education and health services ............................. 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

Educational services ........................................ 1.0 – 4.0 5.0 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – 3.0 5.0 6.0 –

Health care and social assistance ................... 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Savings and thrift plans: Maximum potential employer contribution percentage,1

private industry workers, 2019—continued

(Includes all workers participating in savings and thrift plans that specify matching contributions)

Characteristics

Maximum potential employer contribution percentage

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 1.5 2.0 3.0 5.0 6.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 6.0

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – 2.8 4.0 5.0 6.0

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.5 3.0 3.5 5.0 6.0

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 1.5 – 3.0 5.0 6.0

500 workers or more ............................................ 1.8 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – 1.8 3.0 4.0 6.0

New England ....................................................... 1.0 – 3.0 4.0 5.0

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.5 6.0

South ....................................................................... 1.8 2.0 3.0 5.0 6.0

South Atlantic ....................................................... 1.5 2.0 3.0 5.0 6.0

East South Central ............................................... 2.0 2.0 3.0 – 6.0

West South Central .............................................. – 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0

Midwest .................................................................... 2.0 3.0 3.6 5.0 6.0

East North Central ............................................... 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

West North Central .............................................. 2.0 – 3.0 5.0 6.0

West ......................................................................... 1.5 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0

Mountain .............................................................. – – 3.0 4.5 6.0

Pacific .................................................................. 1.5 3.0 3.5 5.0 6.0

1 The maximum potential employer contribution is determined by multiplying the maximum employee contribution subject to matching by the

employer matching percent, for those plans that specify both values. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Maximum potential employer

contribution percentage1

 private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Maximum potential employer contribution percentage

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0

Management, professional, and related .................. 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.0

Management, business, and financial ................. 0.0 – 0.6 0.0 0.0

Professional and related ...................................... – 0.0 0.3 0.4 1.0

Service ..................................................................... 0.1 0.4 0.0 – 1.0

Sales and office ....................................................... 0.0 0.2 0.9 1.1 0.0

Sales and related ................................................. 0.4 0.1 – 0.0 0.0

Office and administrative support ........................ 0.2 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 0.0 – – 1.1 1.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.8 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.0

Production ............................................................ 0.3 – – 0.6 0.9

Transportation and material moving .................... 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.0

Full time ................................................................... 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.0

Part time .................................................................. 0.4 – 0.0 – 0.0

Union ....................................................................... – – 0.2 0.6 0.0

Nonunion ................................................................. 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... – 0.2 0.0 – 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... – – 0.0 – 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................... 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 0.3 – 0.5 0.5 0.0

Manufacturing ...................................................... 0.3 – 0.4 0.4 0.0

Service-providing industries ..................................... 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 0.0 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................... 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.6 0.6

Retail trade ...................................................... – – 0.8 0.0 0.0

Utilities ............................................................. 0.0 – 0.4 0.7 0.0

Financial activities ................................................ 0.5 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 0.0 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.0

Professional and business services ..................... 0.0 – 0.0 1.0 0.2

Professional and technical services ................. 0.4 – 0.0 0.7 1.3

Education and health services ............................. 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

Educational services ........................................ 0.1 – 0.9 1.3 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – 0.5 0.3 1.1 –

Health care and social assistance ................... 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Maximum potential employer

contribution percentage1

 private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Maximum potential employer contribution percentage

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.7

50 to 99 workers .................................................. – 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.0

100 workers or more ................................................ 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 0.4 – 0.0 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more ............................................ 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. – 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.3

New England ....................................................... 0.0 – 0.2 0.0 1.3

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.0

South ....................................................................... 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0

South Atlantic ....................................................... 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

East South Central ............................................... 0.4 0.0 0.2 – 0.0

West South Central .............................................. – 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0

Midwest .................................................................... 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0

East North Central ............................................... 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

West North Central .............................................. 0.2 – 0.0 0.2 0.0

West ......................................................................... 0.0 0.4 0.6 1.1 0.0

Mountain .............................................................. – – 0.0 0.7 0.4

Pacific .................................................................. 0.4 0.2 0.8 1.3 0.0

1 The maximum potential employer contribution is determined by multiplying the maximum employee contribution subject to matching by the

employer matching percent, for those plans that specify both values. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National

Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Savings and thrift plans: Availability of automatic enrollment and method of default contribution,1

 private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Automatic

enrollment

available

With automatic enrollment

No automatic

enrollment

available

Not

determinable

Default

contribution

as percent

of earnings

Default contribution as percent of earnings2

Other

default

contribution3

Default

contribution

not

determinable

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 40 38 2.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 – – 54 6

Management, professional, and related .................. 46 44 3.0 3.0 – 5.0 6.0 – – 47 7

Management, business, and financial ................. 50 46 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 – – 46 4

Professional and related ...................................... 42 42 3.0 3.0 3.0 – 6.0 – 1 48 9

Service ..................................................................... 23 23 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 6.0 – 4 ( ) 72 5

Sales and office ....................................................... 36 34 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 2 57 6

Sales and related ................................................. 34 33 1.0 2.0 – – – – 1 63 3

Office and administrative support ........................ 38 35 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 – 3 54 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 36 34 – 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 – 2 60 4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 17 17 2.0 3.0 – 4.0 – – 4 ( ) 78 5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 45 43 – 3.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 – 3 51 3

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 41 38 2.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 – – 55 4

Production ............................................................ 41 37 – 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 – 4 54 5

Transportation and material moving .................... 42 39 – – 3.0 – 6.0 – – 55 3

Full time ................................................................... 41 39 2.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 – – 53 6

Part time .................................................................. 26 26 – – 3.0 – 6.0 – 4 ( ) 69 4

Union ....................................................................... 36 35 3.0 3.0 – 6.0 6.0 – – 56 8

Nonunion ................................................................. 40 38 2.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 – – 54 6

Average wage within the following categories5:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 28 26 – 2.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 2 67 6

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... – – – – – – – – – 73 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 33 31 – 3.0 3.0 – 6.0 – 2 62 5

Third 25 percent ................................................... 42 40 2.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 – – 49 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 46 44 3.0 3.0 – 5.0 6.0 – – 49 5

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 48 46 3.0 3.0 – 5.0 6.0 – 2 47 5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 44 40 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 – 4 52 5

Manufacturing ...................................................... 44 40 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 – 4 52 4

Service-providing industries ..................................... 39 37 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – – 55 6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 44 42 1.0 – 3.0 4.0 6.0 – – 54 3

Wholesale trade ............................................... 56 50 2.0 3.0 – 4.0 6.0 – – 41 3

Retail trade ...................................................... 33 32 1.0 – 3.0 3.0 – – 4 ( ) 65 2

Utilities ............................................................. 38 38 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 8.0 – – 54 8

Financial activities ................................................ 48 44 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 – 4 48 3

Finance and insurance .................................... 53 49 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 – 4 43 4

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 43 42 – 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 1 53 4

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 68 59 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 – – 9 27 5

Professional and business services ..................... 43 42 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 4 ( ) 49 8

Professional and technical services ................. 45 45 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 – – – 50 5

Education and health services ............................. 28 27 – 3.0 4.0 4.0 6.0 – 1 58 15

Educational services ........................................ 43 43 3.0 3.0 – 5.0 6.0 – – 49 8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 38 38 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 – – 51 11

Health care and social assistance ................... 26 25 – 3.0 4.0 4.0 6.0 – 1 59 15

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Savings and thrift plans: Availability of automatic enrollment and method of default contribution,1

 private industry workers,

2019—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Automatic

enrollment

available

With automatic enrollment

No automatic

enrollment

available

Not

determinable

Default

contribution

as percent

of earnings

Default contribution as percent of earnings2

Other

default

contribution3

Default

contribution

not

determinable

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 35 32 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 2 59 6

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 35 33 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 2 61 4

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 35 32 2.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 – 3 54 11

100 workers or more ................................................ 43 41 – 3.0 – 5.0 6.0 – – 52 6

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 44 41 2.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 – – 51 5

500 workers or more ............................................ 42 40 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 – 1 52 6

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 39 37 3.0 3.0 – 6.0 6.0 – – 56 5

New England ....................................................... 42 41 – 3.0 – 6.0 8.0 – 1 57 1

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 38 36 3.0 3.0 – 5.0 6.0 – – 56 6

South ....................................................................... 35 34 2.0 3.0 3.0 – 6.0 – 2 61 4

South Atlantic ....................................................... 33 31 2.0 – 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 2 64 3

East South Central ............................................... 37 35 – 3.0 3.0 – 6.0 – 2 63 –

West South Central .............................................. 40 39 2.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 – 1 54 6

Midwest .................................................................... 50 46 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 – 4 47 3

East North Central ............................................... 50 46 – 3.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 – 4 47 3

West North Central .............................................. 49 46 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 – 3 47 3

West ......................................................................... 35 34 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 1 52 13

Mountain .............................................................. – – – – – – – – 1 67 –

Pacific .................................................................. 40 39 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 – 1 45 15

1 The employer automatically enrolls employees in the plan at a specified rate of contribution (e.g., 3 percent of earnings), unless the employee opts out of the plan. 2 Estimates represent percentage of default contribution for those workers participating in plans with automatic enrollment and default contribution as a percentage of earnings. 3 Other default contributions are based on maximum dollar amounts specified by the employer, amounts based on employee length of service, or other methods. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using

percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Availability of automatic enrollment and method of default contribution,

1

 private industry

workers, 2019

Characteristics

Automatic

enrollment

available

With automatic enrollment

No automatic

enrollment

available

Not

determinable

Default

contribution

as percent

of earnings

Default contribution as percent of earnings

Other

default

contribution2

Default

contribution

not

determinable

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.9 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 – – 1.8 1.1

Management, professional, and related .................. 2.9 2.9 0.3 0.0 – 0.5 0.0 – – 3.1 2.3

Management, business, and financial ................. 4.1 4.0 0.2 0.0 1.2 1.4 0.0 – – 4.1 0.8

Professional and related ...................................... 3.7 3.7 0.7 0.0 0.5 – 0.0 – 0.3 4.1 3.9

Service ..................................................................... 4.1 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 – 0.3 4.8 1.9

Sales and office ....................................................... 1.9 1.9 0.5 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.0 – 0.6 1.9 1.5

Sales and related ................................................. 2.9 2.9 0.0 0.0 – – – – 0.4 3.0 1.2

Office and administrative support ........................ 2.9 2.8 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0 – 0.9 2.7 2.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.9 4.6 – 0.0 0.4 1.5 0.0 – 1.2 4.8 1.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 4.8 4.7 0.5 0.3 – 0.2 – – 0.3 6.0 3.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 6.0 5.7 – 0.0 0.4 1.2 0.0 – 1.7 5.7 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 3.9 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.0 – – 3.3 1.5

Production ............................................................ 5.2 5.5 – 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 – 1.1 4.7 2.3

Transportation and material moving .................... 5.0 4.9 – – 0.0 – 0.0 – – 4.3 1.7

Full time ................................................................... 2.0 2.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 – – 2.0 1.2

Part time .................................................................. 3.7 3.7 – – 0.0 – 0.9 – 0.1 4.4 1.9

Union ....................................................................... 5.1 5.3 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 – – 5.2 3.7

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.9 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 – – 1.9 1.2

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 4.1 4.1 – 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.5 – 0.9 4.6 2.3

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... – – – – – – – – – 8.9 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 2.4 2.5 – 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 – 0.6 2.6 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................... 3.0 2.9 0.6 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.0 – – 2.9 3.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 3.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 – 0.9 0.0 – – 3.1 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 5.1 5.2 0.0 0.0 – 1.3 0.0 – 0.6 5.1 1.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 4.0 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.9 3.5 1.5

Manufacturing ...................................................... 4.8 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 – 1.1 4.0 2.0

Service-providing industries ..................................... 2.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 – – 2.1 1.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 3.5 3.4 0.3 – 0.0 0.3 0.7 – – 3.1 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................... 6.6 6.7 0.4 0.4 – 0.2 1.2 – – 6.4 1.9

Retail trade ...................................................... 3.2 3.2 0.0 – 0.7 0.0 – – 0.2 3.3 1.2

Utilities ............................................................. 5.7 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 – – 6.1 1.2

Financial activities ................................................ 4.1 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.6 – 1.2 4.1 1.0

Finance and insurance .................................... 4.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.9 – 1.2 3.8 1.1

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 5.0 5.2 – 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.9 – 0.6 5.2 1.7

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 6.5 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.7 – – 3.2 6.4 2.8

Professional and business services ..................... 5.6 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.9 – 0.3 5.9 2.2

Professional and technical services ................. 7.6 7.6 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 – – – 8.0 2.7

Education and health services ............................. 4.1 3.9 – 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.3 – 0.7 5.4 5.5

Educational services ........................................ 8.1 8.1 0.8 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 – – 8.0 4.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 7.5 7.5 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.0 0.0 – – 7.6 5.3

Health care and social assistance ................... 4.4 4.2 – 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.0 – 0.8 5.9 6.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Availability of automatic enrollment and method of default contribution,

1

 private industry

workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Automatic

enrollment

available

With automatic enrollment

No automatic

enrollment

available

Not

determinable

Default

contribution

as percent

of earnings

Default contribution as percent of earnings

Other

default

contribution2

Default

contribution

not

determinable

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 2.8 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.3 – 0.7 3.0 2.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 3.4 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.0 – 0.8 3.4 1.3

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 5.3 5.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 1.3 0.0 – 1.2 6.0 6.5

100 workers or more ................................................ 2.5 2.6 – 0.0 – 1.4 0.0 – – 2.5 1.0

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 3.2 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 – – 3.4 1.4

500 workers or more ............................................ 3.8 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.0 – 0.6 3.6 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 3.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 – 0.4 0.0 – – 2.6 2.0

New England ....................................................... 3.5 4.4 – 0.0 – 1.0 0.5 – 1.3 4.1 0.9

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 3.9 3.5 0.0 0.0 – 1.2 0.0 – – 3.3 2.6

South ....................................................................... 3.4 3.6 0.3 0.7 0.0 – 0.0 – 0.7 3.5 0.8

South Atlantic ....................................................... 5.0 5.4 0.0 – 0.0 0.9 0.0 – 1.1 5.0 1.2

East South Central ............................................... 7.2 7.0 – 0.7 0.7 – 0.0 – 1.2 7.2 –

West South Central .............................................. 5.7 5.7 0.2 0.0 0.6 1.4 0.0 – 0.4 6.4 1.2

Midwest .................................................................... 3.1 3.3 0.9 0.0 0.4 1.4 0.0 – 0.8 2.7 1.1

East North Central ............................................... 4.2 4.2 – 0.0 0.9 1.3 0.0 – 1.1 3.8 1.2

West North Central .............................................. 4.1 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.3 0.0 – 1.2 2.7 2.1

West ......................................................................... 5.3 5.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 – 0.5 5.6 4.4

Mountain .............................................................. – – – – – – – – 1.0 11.0 –

Pacific .................................................................. 6.6 6.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 – 0.5 5.5 5.7

1 The employer automatically enrolls employees in the plan at a specified rate of contribution (e.g., 3 percent of earnings), unless the employee opts out of the plan. 2 Other default contributions are based on maximum dollar amounts specified by the employer, amounts based on employee length of service, or other methods. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using

percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 36. Savings and thrift plans: Availability of automatic enrollment and default percentage matched by employer,

private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Automatic

enrollment

available

Default enrollment amount as a percent of the employee

maximum amount matched by employer1

Automatic

enrollment

not available

Not

determinable 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 40 50 50 75 100 100 54 6

Management, professional, and related .................. 46 50 50 – 100 100 47 7

Management, business, and financial ................. 50 50 50 100 100 100 46 4

Professional and related ...................................... 42 50 50 – 100 100 48 9

Service ..................................................................... 23 40 50 – 100 100 72 5

Sales and office ....................................................... 36 50 50 60 100 100 57 6

Sales and related ................................................. 34 38 50 50 – 100 63 3

Office and administrative support ........................ 38 50 50 80 100 100 54 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 36 50 50 – 100 – 60 4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 17 40 50 50 – 100 78 5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 45 50 50 – 100 – 51 3

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 41 – 50 100 100 100 55 4

Production ............................................................ 41 – 50 100 100 100 54 5

Transportation and material moving .................... 42 – 55 – 100 100 55 3

Full time ................................................................... 41 50 50 80 100 100 53 6

Part time .................................................................. 26 50 50 55 86 100 69 4

Union ....................................................................... 36 50 50 – 100 – 56 8

Nonunion ................................................................. 40 50 50 80 100 100 54 6

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 28 – 50 50 100 100 67 6

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... – – – – – – 73 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 33 40 50 – 100 100 62 5

Third 25 percent ................................................... 42 50 50 100 100 100 49 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 46 50 50 – 100 100 49 5

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 48 50 50 – 100 100 47 5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 44 50 50 100 100 100 52 5

Manufacturing ...................................................... 44 50 50 100 100 120 52 4

Service-providing industries ..................................... 39 50 50 – 100 100 55 6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 44 – 50 55 100 120 54 3

Wholesale trade ............................................... 56 33 50 – – – 41 3

Retail trade ...................................................... 33 50 50 50 50 – 65 2

Utilities ............................................................. 38 50 50 50 75 100 54 8

Financial activities ................................................ 48 50 60 100 100 100 48 3

Finance and insurance .................................... 53 50 60 100 100 100 43 4

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 43 50 60 67 100 100 53 4

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 68 50 – 100 100 100 27 5

Professional and business services ..................... 43 50 50 50 100 100 49 8

Professional and technical services ................. 45 50 50 50 50 – 50 5

Education and health services ............................. 28 – 50 100 100 100 58 15

Educational services ........................................ 43 50 – 100 100 100 49 8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 38 – – – – – 51 11

Health care and social assistance ................... 26 – – 100 100 100 59 15

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 36. Savings and thrift plans: Availability of automatic enrollment and default percentage matched by employer,

private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Automatic

enrollment

available

Default enrollment amount as a percent of the employee

maximum amount matched by employer1

Automatic

enrollment

not available

Not

determinable 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 35 50 50 50 100 100 59 6

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 35 50 50 50 100 100 61 4

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 35 – 50 – 100 125 54 11

100 workers or more ................................................ 43 50 50 100 100 100 52 6

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 44 50 50 86 100 100 51 5

500 workers or more ............................................ 42 50 50 100 100 100 52 6

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 39 50 60 100 100 100 56 5

New England ....................................................... 42 50 50 100 100 100 57 1

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 38 50 67 100 100 100 56 6

South ....................................................................... 35 50 50 – 100 100 61 4

South Atlantic ....................................................... 33 50 50 – 100 125 64 3

East South Central ............................................... 37 – 50 50 100 100 63 –

West South Central .............................................. 40 50 50 – 100 100 54 6

Midwest .................................................................... 50 50 50 100 100 100 47 3

East North Central ............................................... 50 50 50 100 100 100 47 3

West North Central .............................................. 49 50 50 100 100 – 47 3

West ......................................................................... 35 50 50 55 100 100 52 13

Mountain .............................................................. – – – – – – 67 –

Pacific .................................................................. 40 50 50 50 – 100 45 15

1 The percentage is determined by the ratio of the default enrollment amount to the maximum employee contribution matched by the employer, for those plans that specify both values. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March

2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 36. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Availability of automatic enrollment and default percentage

matched by employer, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Automatic

enrollment

available

Default enrollment amount as a percent of the employee

maximum amount matched by employer1

Automatic

enrollment

not available

Not

determinable 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.9 0.0 0.0 20.6 0.0 0.0 1.8 1.1

Management, professional, and related .................. 2.9 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 3.1 2.3

Management, business, and financial ................. 4.1 0.0 6.2 11.6 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.8

Professional and related ...................................... 3.7 2.6 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 4.1 3.9

Service ..................................................................... 4.1 9.5 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 4.8 1.9

Sales and office ....................................................... 1.9 4.0 0.0 9.1 0.0 0.0 1.9 1.5

Sales and related ................................................. 2.9 10.5 2.3 0.0 – 0.0 3.0 1.2

Office and administrative support ........................ 2.9 0.0 2.7 22.8 0.0 0.0 2.7 2.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.9 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 – 4.8 1.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 4.8 9.3 9.7 0.0 – 17.2 6.0 3.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 6.0 0.0 0.0 – 5.2 – 5.7 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 3.9 – 1.2 14.5 0.0 0.0 3.3 1.5

Production ............................................................ 5.2 – 0.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 2.3

Transportation and material moving .................... 5.0 – 5.9 – 0.0 25.5 4.3 1.7

Full time ................................................................... 2.0 0.0 0.0 23.2 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.2

Part time .................................................................. 3.7 0.0 0.0 5.6 22.4 0.0 4.4 1.9

Union ....................................................................... 5.1 0.0 4.4 – 0.0 – 5.2 3.7

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.9 0.0 0.0 20.9 0.0 0.0 1.9 1.2

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 4.1 – 0.0 3.6 7.6 0.0 4.6 2.3

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... – – – – – – 8.9 –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 2.4 8.1 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 2.6 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................... 3.0 0.0 0.8 5.8 0.0 21.1 2.9 3.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 3.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 3.1 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 5.1 0.0 4.0 – 0.0 0.0 5.1 1.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.7 3.5 1.5

Manufacturing ...................................................... 4.8 0.0 10.1 0.0 0.0 33.0 4.0 2.0

Service-providing industries ..................................... 2.1 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 3.5 – 0.0 12.9 0.0 29.4 3.1 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................... 6.6 5.2 10.7 – – – 6.4 1.9

Retail trade ...................................................... 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 3.3 1.2

Utilities ............................................................. 5.7 0.0 0.0 8.3 19.1 0.0 6.1 1.2

Financial activities ................................................ 4.1 0.0 0.0 7.3 0.0 0.0 4.1 1.0

Finance and insurance .................................... 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 1.1

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 5.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 0.0 0.0 5.2 1.7

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 6.5 10.8 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 2.8

Professional and business services ..................... 5.6 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 5.9 2.2

Professional and technical services ................. 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 8.0 2.7

Education and health services ............................. 4.1 – 11.1 4.6 0.0 0.0 5.4 5.5

Educational services ........................................ 8.1 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 4.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 7.5 – – – – – 7.6 5.3

Health care and social assistance ................... 4.4 – – 20.8 0.0 0.0 5.9 6.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 36. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Availability of automatic enrollment and default percentage

matched by employer, private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics

Automatic

enrollment

available

Default enrollment amount as a percent of the employee

maximum amount matched by employer1

Automatic

enrollment

not available

Not

determinable 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 2.8 8.4 0.0 13.1 0.0 24.2 3.0 2.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 3.4 9.1 0.0 7.5 0.0 10.3 3.4 1.3

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 5.3 – 0.0 – 0.0 22.7 6.0 6.5

100 workers or more ................................................ 2.5 0.0 0.0 21.7 0.0 0.0 2.5 1.0

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 3.2 0.0 0.0 24.8 0.0 0.0 3.4 1.4

500 workers or more ............................................ 3.8 0.0 2.0 19.1 0.0 0.0 3.6 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 3.0 0.0 14.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 2.0

New England ....................................................... 3.5 4.3 5.2 10.3 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.9

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 3.9 10.5 16.5 8.2 0.0 0.0 3.3 2.6

South ....................................................................... 3.4 13.4 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.8

South Atlantic ....................................................... 5.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 26.5 5.0 1.2

East South Central ............................................... 7.2 – 14.9 8.4 23.7 0.0 7.2 –

West South Central .............................................. 5.7 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 6.4 1.2

Midwest .................................................................... 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.3 2.7 1.1

East North Central ............................................... 4.2 7.3 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 3.8 1.2

West North Central .............................................. 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 2.7 2.1

West ......................................................................... 5.3 8.6 0.0 8.7 17.5 0.0 5.6 4.4

Mountain .............................................................. – – – – – – 11.0 –

Pacific .................................................................. 6.6 0.0 0.0 7.8 – 0.0 5.5 5.7

1 The percentage is determined by the ratio of the default enrollment amount to the maximum employee contribution matched by the employer, for those plans that specify both values. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March

2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 37. Savings and thrift plans: Vesting requirements, private industry

workers, 2019

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Graded

vesting

Immediate

full vesting Cliff vesting Notdeterminable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 40 35 22 3

Management, professional, and related .................. 40 31 26 2

Management, business, and financial ................. 39 35 23 3

Professional and related ...................................... 42 29 28 1

Service ..................................................................... 42 41 16 1

Sales and office ....................................................... 36 39 22 3

Sales and related ................................................. 33 42 22 3

Office and administrative support ........................ 38 36 23 4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 42 39 17 3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 44 – – 1 ( )

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 41 43 12 4

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 43 33 19 5

Production ............................................................ 45 34 12 8

Transportation and material moving .................... 41 32 26 1

Full time ................................................................... 41 34 22 3

Part time .................................................................. 29 48 23 1 ( )

Union ....................................................................... 35 30 24 11

Nonunion ................................................................. 40 35 22 2

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 35 44 20 2

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... – – – 3

Second 25 percent ............................................... 42 36 19 3

Third 25 percent ................................................... 42 32 22 3

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 39 33 25 3

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 39 35 25 2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 39 37 19 5

Manufacturing ...................................................... 39 34 20 6

Service-providing industries ..................................... 40 34 23 2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 35 40 24 2

Wholesale trade ............................................... 44 36 17 3

Retail trade ...................................................... 34 45 20 2

Utilities ............................................................. – 67 – 6

Financial activities ................................................ 26 40 30 3

Finance and insurance .................................... 22 41 34 4

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 14 43 37 6

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 33 33 32 2

Professional and business services ..................... 61 19 19 –

Professional and technical services ................. 61 20 – –

Education and health services ............................. 37 31 30 3

Educational services ........................................ – 45 33 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – 61 26 –

Health care and social assistance ................... 39 29 30 2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 37. Savings and thrift plans: Vesting requirements, private industry

workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Graded

vesting

Immediate

full vesting Cliff vesting Notdeterminable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 45 39 15 2

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 39 43 17 1

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 56 31 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 37 33 26 4

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 45 33 20 2

500 workers or more ............................................ 29 32 34 5

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 44 28 27 2

New England ....................................................... 48 27 22 3

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 42 28 29 2

South ....................................................................... 30 40 26 3

South Atlantic ....................................................... 28 41 27 4

East South Central ............................................... 37 34 28 1

West South Central .............................................. 31 41 25 3

Midwest .................................................................... 41 34 21 4

East North Central ............................................... 43 29 25 4

West North Central .............................................. 38 45 13 4

West ......................................................................... 50 34 14 2

Mountain .............................................................. 53 36 10 1 ( )

Pacific .................................................................. 48 34 16 2

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data

do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 37. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Vesting requirements,

private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics Graded

vesting

Immediate

full vesting Cliff vesting Notdeterminable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.6 1.7 1.3 0.6

Management, professional, and related .................. 3.1 2.8 2.6 0.5

Management, business, and financial ................. 3.4 3.7 4.0 0.8

Professional and related ...................................... 4.0 3.4 3.0 0.6

Service ..................................................................... 6.0 7.1 3.4 0.5

Sales and office ....................................................... 2.3 2.7 1.9 1.4

Sales and related ................................................. 3.7 2.9 2.9 2.3

Office and administrative support ........................ 3.0 3.5 2.7 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5.0 5.1 4.9 1.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 11.1 – – 1 ( )

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 5.2 5.4 2.7 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 2.8 2.6 2.6 1.1

Production ............................................................ 3.3 3.6 2.5 2.0

Transportation and material moving .................... 4.1 3.6 4.1 0.7

Full time ................................................................... 1.8 1.6 1.4 0.6

Part time .................................................................. 5.1 7.5 5.2 0.2

Union ....................................................................... 6.4 4.1 5.1 3.6

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.6 1.8 1.4 0.6

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 4.2 6.3 3.6 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... – – – 3.1

Second 25 percent ............................................... 2.9 2.7 1.9 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................... 3.1 2.6 2.2 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 2.8 2.7 2.8 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 4.3 4.9 4.3 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 1.8 2.6 1.9 1.2

Manufacturing ...................................................... 1.9 3.0 2.2 1.4

Service-providing industries ..................................... 2.0 2.0 1.6 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 2.7 3.1 2.2 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................... 5.1 5.8 3.2 2.1

Retail trade ...................................................... 4.2 3.7 3.3 1.0

Utilities ............................................................. – 6.6 – 4.5

Financial activities ................................................ 2.9 3.0 3.8 1.2

Finance and insurance .................................... 2.5 2.9 3.4 1.4

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 3.3 4.6 5.7 2.4

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 5.1 3.1 4.9 1.7

Professional and business services ..................... 5.1 4.4 4.9 –

Professional and technical services ................. 6.0 5.1 – –

Education and health services ............................. 6.4 5.7 4.3 1.2

Educational services ........................................ – 8.5 7.8 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... – 6.8 5.5 –

Health care and social assistance ................... 6.9 6.2 4.7 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 37. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Vesting requirements,

private industry workers, 2019—continued

Characteristics Graded

vesting

Immediate

full vesting Cliff vesting Notdeterminable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 3.2 3.3 1.7 0.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 3.2 3.9 2.1 0.5

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 5.2 4.8 – –

100 workers or more ................................................ 2.1 2.2 1.9 0.8

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 3.5 2.9 2.9 0.9

500 workers or more ............................................ 3.5 3.0 3.8 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 4.2 4.1 3.2 0.9

New England ....................................................... 9.9 6.5 6.3 1.7

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 4.4 5.1 3.4 1.0

South ....................................................................... 2.7 2.6 2.5 1.4

South Atlantic ....................................................... 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.1

East South Central ............................................... 4.8 7.2 8.0 0.6

West South Central .............................................. 7.3 6.2 5.0 2.3

Midwest .................................................................... 2.6 3.1 2.4 1.2

East North Central ............................................... 3.4 3.5 3.4 1.6

West North Central .............................................. 3.6 5.7 2.6 1.3

West ......................................................................... 3.2 3.8 1.9 0.6

Mountain .............................................................. 2.9 5.1 2.7 0.3

Pacific .................................................................. 4.5 4.9 2.4 0.9

1 Less than 0.05. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Savings and thrift plans: Investment choices for employee funds, private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Investment

choice

available

Available investments

No

investment

choice

available

Not

Company determinable

stock

Common

stock

Diversified

investments

Lifecycle

funds Other1

Investment

choice exists

but not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 94 19 83 88 75 35 5 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 93 19 80 87 75 36 5 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 95 23 81 86 77 37 8 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 91 17 79 87 73 35 3 – 9

Service ..................................................................... 93 5 84 85 69 23 6 – 7

Sales and office ....................................................... 96 25 84 90 77 36 5 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 97 28 88 95 81 38 3 – 3

Office and administrative support ........................ 96 22 81 87 75 35 6 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 95 18 86 89 81 32 2 – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 93 – 88 93 87 ––––

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 97 16 85 88 78 36 4 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 95 19 88 90 76 41 4 – –

Production ............................................................ 96 14 90 94 76 38 2 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 95 25 85 85 76 44 6 – –

Full time ................................................................... 94 19 82 87 76 36 5 – –

Part time .................................................................. 99 22 92 96 75 28 2 – 1

Union ....................................................................... 94 29 84 88 69 41 6 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 94 19 83 88 76 35 5 – –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 98 16 87 94 72 31 3 – 2

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 98 – 89 96 67 –2–2

Second 25 percent ............................................... 95 18 86 88 76 35 4 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 92 19 83 86 73 37 5 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 95 21 80 88 78 36 5 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 95 26 79 89 80 37 5 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 93 22 87 91 76 42 2 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 94 21 89 91 77 46 2 – 6

Service-providing industries ..................................... 95 19 82 88 75 34 5 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 97 28 85 89 76 37 6 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................... 91 – 78 86 69 38 4 – –

Retail trade ...................................................... 99 33 92 94 83 34 4 – 1

Utilities ............................................................. 100 50 80 93 73 –7––

Financial activities ................................................ 96 36 86 90 84 43 6 – 4

Finance and insurance .................................... 95 41 86 89 84 39 7 – 5

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 95 44 83 87 82 42 7 – 5

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 96 30 88 90 86 34 5 – 4

Professional and business services ..................... 97 16 77 88 78 30 6 – 3

Professional and technical services ................. 95 – 69 88 77 28 8 – 5

Education and health services ............................. 90 – 79 83 68 36 5 – 10

Educational services ........................................ 90 – 76 87 70 39 3 – 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 94 – 81 93 82 39 1 – 6

Health care and social assistance ................... 90 – 79 83 68 35 5 – 10

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Savings and thrift plans: Investment choices for employee funds, private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Investment

choice

available

Available investments

No

investment

choice

available

Not

Company determinable

stock

Common

stock

Diversified

investments

Lifecycle

funds Other1

Investment

choice exists

but not

determinable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 93 14 79 87 71 29 6 – 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 96 16 80 90 70 29 6 – 4

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 86 – 77 81 74 30 4 – 14

100 workers or more ................................................ 95 22 85 89 78 39 4 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 95 17 86 87 79 38 4 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 96 28 84 92 77 40 4 – 4

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 97 22 84 90 73 26 6 – –

New England ....................................................... 96 – 90 90 63 28 5 – 4

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 97 26 82 90 77 25 6 – –

South ....................................................................... 96 21 89 91 78 43 4 – 4

South Atlantic ....................................................... 95 21 87 89 76 41 6 – 5

East South Central ............................................... 97 24 94 95 78 52 2 – 3

West South Central .............................................. 97 20 90 94 82 41 3 () – 3

Midwest .................................................................... 96 17 88 87 77 36 5 – –

East North Central ............................................... 96 16 88 87 77 43 5 – –

West North Central .............................................. 95 18 88 88 76 21 5 – 5

West ......................................................................... 89 17 68 84 72 32 4 – –

Mountain .............................................................. 90 17 74 87 74 35 2 – 10

Pacific .................................................................. 89 18 66 83 71 31 6 – –

1 Includes investment vehicles not separately estimated (e.g., U.S. government securities, guaranteed investment contracts, money market funds, and certificates of deposit). 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019." 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Investment choices for employee funds, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Investment

choice

available

Available investments

No

investment

choice

available

Not

Company determinable

stock

Common

stock

Diversified

investments

Lifecycle

funds Other1

Investment

choice exists

but not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.1 1.3 1.9 1.6 2.1 1.8 0.7 – –

Management, professional, and related .................. 2.4 2.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 1.5 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 1.5 3.0 3.6 3.5 3.5 4.1 3.1 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 3.9 2.2 4.0 3.9 4.1 3.6 1.0 – 3.9

Service ..................................................................... 4.0 1.4 4.5 4.5 6.9 4.2 2.1 – 4.0

Sales and office ....................................................... 0.7 1.8 2.5 1.2 2.7 2.6 0.8 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 1.0 3.6 3.0 1.6 3.2 3.9 1.3 – 1.0

Office and administrative support ........................ 1.0 2.9 2.6 1.8 3.4 3.2 1.1 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 4.0 2.4 3.2 3.7 4.3 0.9 – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 3.8 – 5.4 3.8 5.2 ––––

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 1.6 4.8 3.1 4.3 4.2 5.6 1.5 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 1.6 2.5 2.7 2.5 3.8 2.9 1.2 – –

Production ............................................................ 2.7 2.4 3.4 2.8 5.5 3.4 1.0 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 1.6 4.4 4.5 4.5 3.6 4.1 2.4 – –

Full time ................................................................... 1.2 1.3 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.9 0.7 – –

Part time .................................................................. 0.6 3.3 2.8 1.5 7.7 4.0 1.3 – 0.6

Union ....................................................................... 2.8 5.2 4.7 4.3 5.6 5.5 3.6 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.2 1.3 1.9 1.7 2.3 1.8 0.7 – –

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 0.9 2.1 3.3 1.8 8.1 4.0 1.1 – 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 1.2 – 5.4 2.0 16.1 – 1.5 – 1.2

Second 25 percent ............................................... 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.4 0.7 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 3.0 2.0 3.3 3.0 3.2 2.6 0.9 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 1.3 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.3 3.1 1.5 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 1.9 3.7 3.7 2.9 2.9 4.7 2.1 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 1.9 2.4 2.4 2.0 3.4 3.3 0.7 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 2.2 2.1 2.7 2.4 4.1 4.2 0.9 – 2.2

Service-providing industries ..................................... 1.4 1.5 2.3 2.0 2.5 2.0 0.9 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 1.0 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.0 1.9 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................... 2.7 – 5.4 3.3 5.8 5.5 1.2 – –

Retail trade ...................................................... 0.7 3.6 2.5 2.3 3.4 2.9 1.8 – 0.7

Utilities ............................................................. 0.0 4.7 6.7 4.1 9.1 – 4.1 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 1.2 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.7 2.9 1.7 – 1.2

Finance and insurance .................................... 1.3 2.7 2.1 2.1 1.9 3.0 1.8 – 1.3

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 2.0 5.6 3.7 2.9 3.3 5.5 2.3 – 2.0

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 3.0 4.6 3.9 3.7 4.1 4.2 2.6 – 3.0

Professional and business services ..................... 1.6 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.4 5.0 2.1 – 1.6

Professional and technical services ................. 2.7 – 5.2 4.2 5.6 5.5 3.3 – 2.7

Education and health services ............................. 5.4 – 6.1 5.2 5.8 5.2 1.8 – 5.4

Educational services ........................................ 5.8 – 6.7 6.3 7.6 9.4 2.4 – 5.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 3.8 – 6.7 3.7 6.7 7.6 0.2 – 3.8

Health care and social assistance ................... 6.0 – 6.7 5.7 6.3 5.7 2.0 – 6.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Investment choices for employee funds, private industry workers,

2019—continued

Characteristics

Investment

choice

available

Available investments

No

investment

choice

available

Not

Company determinable

stock

Common

stock

Diversified

investments

Lifecycle

funds Other1

Investment

choice exists

but not

determinable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 2.5 1.5 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.3 1.1 – 2.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 0.8 1.8 2.8 1.4 2.8 2.6 1.2 – 0.8

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 6.7 – 6.6 6.5 6.4 4.8 1.5 – 6.7

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.8 2.6 0.9 – –

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 1.7 1.7 2.6 3.0 3.9 3.4 1.6 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 1.4 3.7 3.0 1.9 3.0 3.6 1.2 – 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 1.2 3.5 2.9 1.8 4.8 2.6 1.9 – –

New England ....................................................... 2.2 – 3.4 3.4 13.2 6.2 2.6 – 2.2

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 1.4 4.4 3.7 2.2 3.9 2.9 2.4 – –

South ....................................................................... 1.1 2.4 2.5 2.5 4.3 4.0 1.4 – 1.1

South Atlantic ....................................................... 1.9 3.7 3.9 3.8 7.1 6.2 2.2 – 1.9

East South Central ............................................... 0.6 2.5 1.3 0.9 6.2 7.9 1.4 – 0.6

West South Central .............................................. 1.2 4.1 3.7 4.0 3.1 5.6 0.3 – 1.2

Midwest .................................................................... 1.7 2.2 2.2 3.3 3.3 2.6 0.9 – –

East North Central ............................................... 1.4 2.7 2.4 4.3 4.7 3.5 0.9 – –

West North Central .............................................. 4.4 3.5 4.5 4.8 3.2 2.0 2.2 – 4.4

West ......................................................................... 4.2 2.5 6.2 4.8 4.7 4.2 1.4 – –

Mountain .............................................................. 5.1 3.9 5.7 5.7 5.7 4.5 0.5 – 5.1

Pacific .................................................................. 5.5 3.2 8.3 6.3 6.3 5.7 2.0 – –

1 Includes investment vehicles not separately estimated (e.g., U.S. government securities, guaranteed investment contracts, money market funds, and certificates of deposit). 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Savings and thrift plans: Investment choices for employer funds, private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Investment

choice

available

Available investments

No

investment

choice

available

Not

Company determinable

stock

Common

stock

Diversified

investments

Lifecycle

funds Other1

Investment

choice exists

but not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 94 19 82 87 75 35 5 1 5

Management, professional, and related .................. 92 19 79 84 74 36 5 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 94 22 80 85 77 37 8 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 90 16 79 84 72 35 3 – –

Service ..................................................................... 92 – 83 85 68 23 6 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 96 25 83 89 77 36 5 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 96 29 87 93 80 38 3 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 95 22 81 87 75 35 6 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 95 19 86 89 81 32 2 – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 93 25 88 93 87 – – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 96 – 85 87 77 36 4 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 94 18 87 89 74 41 4 – –

Production ............................................................ 95 13 89 93 75 38 2 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 93 24 84 83 74 44 6 – –

Full time ................................................................... 93 19 82 86 75 36 5 1 6

Part time .................................................................. 97 24 90 94 73 28 2 – –

Union ....................................................................... 94 28 84 88 69 41 6 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 94 18 82 87 75 35 4 1 5

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 96 18 87 93 71 31 3 – –

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 96 – 89 95 65 – 2 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 94 18 85 88 76 35 4 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 92 18 82 86 72 37 5 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 94 21 79 85 78 36 5 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 95 26 79 84 80 37 5 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 92 21 87 90 75 42 2 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 93 20 88 91 77 46 2 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 94 19 81 86 75 34 5 1 5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 95 28 84 87 75 37 6 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................... 91 – 78 86 71 38 4 – –

Retail trade ...................................................... 95 33 89 91 80 34 4 – –

Utilities ............................................................. 100 50 80 93 73 – 7 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 96 36 86 89 84 43 5 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 95 41 86 88 84 39 6 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 95 44 83 87 83 42 7 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 94 30 88 89 86 34 4 – –

Professional and business services ..................... 97 16 77 88 78 30 6 – 3

Professional and technical services ................. 95 – 69 88 77 28 8 – 5

Education and health services ............................. 89 – 78 77 67 36 5 – –

Educational services ........................................ 90 – 76 87 70 39 3 – 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 94 – 81 93 82 39 1 – 6

Health care and social assistance ................... 89 – 78 76 67 35 5 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Savings and thrift plans: Investment choices for employer funds, private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Investment

choice

available

Available investments

No

investment

choice

available

Not

Company determinable

stock

Common

stock

Diversified

investments

Lifecycle

funds Other1

Investment

choice exists

but not

determinable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 92 15 79 84 71 29 6 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 96 17 80 86 70 29 6 – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 86 12 77 81 74 30 4 – 14

100 workers or more ................................................ 94 21 84 88 77 39 4 2 4

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 94 17 86 86 78 38 4 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 95 27 83 90 76 40 4 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 97 22 84 90 74 26 6 – –

New England ....................................................... 96 – 90 90 63 28 5 – 4

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 97 26 82 90 78 25 6 – –

South ....................................................................... 95 22 88 90 78 43 4 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 94 22 87 88 76 41 6 – –

East South Central ............................................... 97 24 93 94 77 52 2 – –

West South Central .............................................. 97 21 89 93 82 41 3 ( ) – –

Midwest .................................................................... 94 16 87 86 76 36 5 – –

East North Central ............................................... 95 16 88 86 77 43 5 – –

West North Central .............................................. 93 15 85 86 73 21 5 – –

West ......................................................................... 88 17 67 80 71 32 4 – –

Mountain .............................................................. 89 16 73 87 74 35 2 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 88 17 65 77 70 31 5 – –

1 Includes investment vehicles not separately estimated (e.g., U.S. government securities, guaranteed investment contracts, money market funds, and certificates of deposit). 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019." 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key 

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Investment choices for employer funds, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Investment

choice

available

Available investments

No

investment

choice

available

Not

Company determinable

stock

Common

stock

Diversified

investments

Lifecycle

funds Other1

Investment

choice exists

but not

determinable

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 1.2 1.3 1.9 1.8 2.2 1.8 0.7 0.3 1.1

Management, professional, and related .................. 2.4 2.0 2.8 3.3 2.8 2.9 1.5 – –

Management, business, and financial ................. 1.5 3.0 3.6 3.5 3.5 4.1 3.1 – –

Professional and related ...................................... 3.9 2.1 4.0 4.6 4.1 3.6 1.0 – –

Service ..................................................................... 4.1 – 4.5 4.5 6.9 4.2 2.1 – –

Sales and office ....................................................... 0.8 1.8 2.5 1.3 2.9 2.6 0.7 – –

Sales and related ................................................. 1.4 3.4 2.9 1.3 3.2 3.9 1.3 – –

Office and administrative support ........................ 1.0 3.0 2.6 1.8 3.4 3.2 1.1 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 3.9 2.5 3.2 3.7 4.3 0.9 – –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................... 3.8 6.9 5.4 3.8 5.2 – – – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 1.6 – 3.2 4.3 4.2 5.6 1.5 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 1.7 2.4 2.8 2.5 3.8 2.9 1.2 – –

Production ............................................................ 2.7 2.4 3.4 2.8 5.5 3.4 1.0 – –

Transportation and material moving .................... 2.0 4.3 4.7 4.6 3.7 4.1 2.4 – –

Full time ................................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 0.7 0.3 1.2

Part time .................................................................. 1.0 3.4 2.9 1.8 7.6 4.0 1.3 – –

Union ....................................................................... 2.8 5.2 4.7 4.3 5.6 5.5 3.6 – –

Nonunion ................................................................. 1.2 1.3 1.9 1.8 2.4 1.8 0.7 0.3 1.1

Average wage within the following categories2:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 1.0 2.7 3.4 1.7 8.1 4.0 1.1 – –

Lowest 10 percent ........................................... 2.2 – 5.6 2.7 16.1 – 1.5 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................... 1.6 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.4 0.7 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................... 3.0 1.9 3.2 3.0 3.2 2.6 0.9 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 1.4 2.3 2.4 3.2 2.3 3.1 1.5 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 2.0 3.7 3.7 5.0 2.9 4.7 2.1 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.0 3.4 3.3 0.7 – –

Manufacturing ...................................................... 2.4 2.2 2.9 2.4 4.1 4.2 0.9 – –

Service-providing industries ..................................... 1.4 1.5 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.0 0.9 0.3 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 1.1 2.8 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.0 1.9 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................... 2.7 – 5.4 3.3 5.7 5.5 1.2 – –

Retail trade ...................................................... 1.2 3.3 2.8 2.5 3.7 2.9 1.8 – –

Utilities ............................................................. 0.0 4.7 6.7 4.1 9.1 – 4.1 – –

Financial activities ................................................ 1.2 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.6 2.9 1.6 – –

Finance and insurance .................................... 1.4 2.7 2.1 2.0 1.8 3.0 1.8 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 2.0 5.6 3.7 2.9 3.2 5.5 2.3 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 3.2 4.6 3.9 3.6 4.1 4.2 2.3 – –

Professional and business services ..................... 1.6 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.4 5.0 2.1 – 1.6

Professional and technical services ................. 2.7 – 5.2 4.2 5.6 5.5 3.3 – 2.7

Education and health services ............................. 5.6 – 6.1 6.8 6.0 5.2 1.8 – –

Educational services ........................................ 5.8 – 6.7 6.3 7.6 9.4 2.4 – 5.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ... 3.8 – 6.7 3.7 6.7 7.6 0.2 – 3.8

Health care and social assistance ................... 6.1 – 6.8 7.4 6.6 5.7 2.0 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Investment choices for employer funds, private industry workers,

2019—continued

Characteristics

Investment

choice

available

Available investments

No

investment

choice

available

Not

Company determinable

stock

Common

stock

Diversified

investments

Lifecycle

funds Other1

Investment

choice exists

but not

determinable

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 2.5 1.6 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.3 1.1 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 0.9 1.8 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.6 1.2 – –

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 6.7 3.3 6.6 6.5 6.4 4.8 1.5 – 6.7

100 workers or more ................................................ 1.2 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.9 2.6 0.9 0.4 1.0

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 1.7 1.7 2.6 3.0 3.9 3.4 1.6 – –

500 workers or more ............................................ 1.6 3.6 3.1 2.0 3.3 3.6 1.2 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 1.2 3.6 2.9 1.8 4.9 2.6 1.9 – –

New England ....................................................... 2.2 – 3.4 3.4 13.2 6.2 2.6 – 2.2

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 1.4 4.4 3.7 2.2 4.2 2.9 2.4 – –

South ....................................................................... 1.3 2.5 2.6 2.6 4.4 4.0 1.4 – –

South Atlantic ....................................................... 2.2 3.9 4.0 3.9 7.2 6.2 2.2 – –

East South Central ............................................... 0.8 2.5 1.6 0.9 6.3 7.9 1.4 – –

West South Central .............................................. 1.1 4.0 3.4 3.9 3.2 5.6 0.3 – –

Midwest .................................................................... 1.8 2.1 2.2 3.4 3.5 2.6 0.9 – –

East North Central ............................................... 1.4 2.6 2.3 4.3 4.8 3.5 0.9 – –

West North Central .............................................. 4.8 3.3 4.9 5.3 3.9 2.0 2.2 – –

West ......................................................................... 4.2 2.5 6.1 5.6 4.7 4.2 1.4 – –

Mountain .............................................................. 5.2 3.9 5.8 5.7 5.7 4.5 0.5 – –

Pacific .................................................................. 5.5 3.1 8.2 7.5 6.2 5.7 2.0 – –

1 Includes investment vehicles not separately estimated (e.g., U.S. government securities, guaranteed investment contracts, money market funds, and certificates of deposit). 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Savings and thrift plans: Automatic escalation features, private industry workers, 2019

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans with automatic enrollment = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Automatic

escalation

available

Automatic escalation features1

Automatic

escalation

not available

Not

determinable

Employee

contribution

escalates for

predetermined

number of

years

Median

number of

years of

escalation

Employee

contribution

escalates to

specified

percent of

earnings

Median

percent of

earnings after

maximum

escalation

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 42 21 3 38 8.0 56 2

Management, professional, and related .................. 39 19 3 36 7.0 60 1

Management, business, and financial ................. 40 22 – 37 – 59 2

Professional and related ...................................... 38 16 3 34 – 60 1

Service ..................................................................... 30 – – 24 10.0 68 1

Sales and office ....................................................... 44 25 – 40 10.0 53 3

Sales and related ................................................. 41 20 – 41 10.0 58 1

Office and administrative support ........................ 46 29 – 39 10.0 51 4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 49 26 3 49 10.0 50 1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 49 24 3 49 10.0 51 1

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 47 20 – 44 8.0 51 2

Production ............................................................ 45 25 – 41 8.0 53 2

Transportation and material moving .................... 49 – – 46 10.0 49 2

Full time ................................................................... 42 21 3 39 8.0 56 2

Part time .................................................................. 41 19 – 37 – 59 2 ( )

Union ....................................................................... 53 24 4 49 10.0 47 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 41 21 3 38 8.0 57 2

Average wage within the following categories3:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 28 18 3 26 – 69 4

Second 25 percent ............................................... 43 21 – 40 10.0 54 3

Third 25 percent ................................................... 41 23 4 37 8.0 58 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 45 20 3 41 7.0 54 2

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 42 16 3 39 – 56 2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 44 23 4 37 8.0 54 2

Manufacturing ...................................................... 44 21 4 36 8.0 53 2

Service-providing industries ..................................... 41 20 3 39 10.0 57 2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 52 24 – 51 10.0 46 3

Wholesale trade ............................................... 64 – – 64 – 32 4

Financial activities ................................................ 49 35 3 48 7.0 49 3

Finance and insurance .................................... 50 35 3 49 8.0 48 3

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 53 47 – 52 6.0 43 3

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 49 27 – 49 10.0 48 2

Education and health services ............................. 24 18 – – – 73 2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Savings and thrift plans: Automatic escalation features, private industry workers, 2019—continued

(All workers participating in savings and thrift plans with automatic enrollment = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Automatic

escalation

available

Automatic escalation features1

Automatic

escalation

not available

Not

determinable

Employee

contribution

escalates for

predetermined

number of

years

Median

number of

years of

escalation

Employee

contribution

escalates to

specified

percent of

earnings

Median

percent of

earnings after

maximum

escalation

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 40 21 – 40 – 55 4

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 47 22 – 46 6.0 49 4

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 28 – – 27 10.0 68 4

100 workers or more ................................................ 43 21 3 38 – 57 1

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 44 21 3 41 – 56 2 ( )

500 workers or more ............................................ 41 21 – 34 10.0 57 1

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 46 30 4 45 – 52 2

New England ....................................................... 34 29 – 34 10.0 61 6

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 51 31 – 50 – 49 –

South ....................................................................... 54 19 3 48 7.0 45 1

South Atlantic ....................................................... 62 17 3 51 6.0 37 1

East South Central ............................................... 33 22 3 33 8.0 67 –

West South Central .............................................. 53 – – 50 – 46 1

Midwest .................................................................... 32 21 3 28 8.0 66 2

East North Central ............................................... 26 20 – 22 – 72 3

West North Central .............................................. 45 – – 40 10.0 53 2

West ......................................................................... 38 – – 37 10.0 60 2

Mountain .............................................................. – – – – – 64 –

Pacific .................................................................. 39 – – 38 10.0 59 3

1 The sum of the individual components may exceed the total because some workers may be in plans in which employee contribution is escalated based on both years of service and

as a specified percent of earnings. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation -

March 2019."

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Automatic escalation features, private industry workers, 2019

Characteristics

Automatic

escalation

available

Automatic escalation features

Automatic

escalation

not available

Not

determinable

Employee

contribution

escalates for

predetermined

number of

years

Median

number of

years of

escalation

Employee

contribution

escalates to

specified

percent of

earnings

Median

percent of

earnings after

maximum

escalation

Worker characteristics

All workers ............................................................... 2.3 2.4 0.8 2.7 1.8 2.4 0.6

Management, professional, and related .................. 4.1 3.0 0.2 4.4 1.8 4.1 0.7

Management, business, and financial ................. 6.0 4.7 – 6.1 – 6.0 0.8

Professional and related ...................................... 5.3 3.6 0.0 5.6 – 5.4 0.8

Service ..................................................................... 7.3 – – 6.5 1.6 7.4 1.3

Sales and office ....................................................... 3.9 4.0 – 4.3 0.4 4.1 1.2

Sales and related ................................................. 5.8 4.3 – 5.8 0.0 5.8 0.7

Office and administrative support ........................ 4.9 5.1 – 4.6 1.9 5.4 1.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7.1 5.3 0.0 7.0 2.8 7.1 0.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 8.2 5.8 0.3 8.2 1.1 8.1 0.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ..... 4.9 3.6 – 5.1 2.1 4.8 1.1

Production ............................................................ 5.6 4.5 – 6.6 1.0 5.8 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................... 8.1 – – 7.9 2.3 7.9 1.4

Full time ................................................................... 2.4 2.4 0.6 2.8 1.1 2.4 0.7

Part time .................................................................. 6.9 5.4 – 6.9 – 6.9 0.3

Union ....................................................................... 9.5 6.8 0.0 8.7 2.7 9.5 –

Nonunion ................................................................. 2.4 2.4 0.2 2.8 1.0 2.4 0.7

Average wage within the following categories1:

Lowest 25 percent ............................................... 5.6 5.4 0.8 5.6 – 5.9 2.6

Second 25 percent ............................................... 4.2 3.2 – 4.6 1.1 4.0 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................... 3.0 2.7 0.5 3.2 2.1 3.0 0.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................... 3.9 3.5 0.3 4.2 1.9 4.0 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................... 6.7 4.0 0.5 7.1 – 6.6 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ..................................... 4.4 3.6 1.2 5.0 0.0 4.7 1.4

Manufacturing ...................................................... 4.9 4.4 0.6 5.3 0.0 5.3 1.6

Service-providing industries ..................................... 2.7 2.9 0.4 3.2 2.9 2.7 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 5.6 6.5 – 5.6 0.0 5.5 1.7

Wholesale trade ............................................... 7.4 – – 7.4 – 7.2 4.2

Financial activities ................................................ 3.4 3.8 0.0 3.4 1.7 3.7 1.4

Finance and insurance .................................... 3.1 3.3 0.7 3.1 1.8 3.5 1.5

Credit intermediation and related activities .. 4.8 4.0 – 4.7 1.8 5.6 2.5

Insurance carriers and related activities ...... 4.8 5.5 – 4.8 1.7 5.3 2.4

Education and health services ............................. 5.6 4.3 – – – 6.4 2.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Standard errors for savings and thrift plans: Automatic escalation features, private industry workers,

2019—continued

Characteristics

Automatic

escalation

available

Automatic escalation features

Automatic

escalation

not available

Not

determinable

Employee

contribution

escalates for

predetermined

number of

years

Median

number of

years of

escalation

Employee

contribution

escalates to

specified

percent of

earnings

Median

percent of

earnings after

maximum

escalation

1 to 99 workers ........................................................ 5.2 4.5 – 5.3 – 4.9 1.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................... 6.6 5.0 – 6.6 1.6 6.2 2.2

50 to 99 workers .................................................. 5.7 – – 5.9 0.0 5.9 2.2

100 workers or more ................................................ 2.8 2.7 0.2 3.0 – 2.9 0.4

100 to 499 workers .............................................. 4.5 3.9 0.0 4.6 – 4.5 0.2

500 workers or more ............................................ 5.0 2.9 – 5.1 2.2 5.2 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ................................................................. 4.3 4.9 0.8 4.4 – 4.3 1.2

New England ....................................................... 10.0 6.8 – 10.0 2.3 10.1 4.0

Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 4.2 6.2 – 4.5 – 4.2 –

South ....................................................................... 4.6 4.2 0.0 5.8 2.0 4.6 0.7

South Atlantic ....................................................... 6.9 4.8 0.0 9.6 0.5 6.9 1.3

East South Central ............................................... 4.7 3.6 0.0 4.7 2.2 4.7 –

West South Central .............................................. 5.6 – – 6.2 – 5.4 0.8

Midwest .................................................................... 3.5 4.0 0.8 4.1 1.9 3.7 1.3

East North Central ............................................... 4.7 4.3 – 5.2 – 5.0 1.9

West North Central .............................................. 5.1 – – 8.4 0.5 5.5 1.1

West ......................................................................... 6.0 – – 6.0 1.3 6.1 1.6

Mountain .............................................................. – – – – – 11.7 –

Pacific .................................................................. 6.9 – – 6.9 0.8 7.0 2.1

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation

- March 2019."

Note: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data do not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Retirement Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/detailedprovisions/2019/ownership/private/glossary-retirement.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Appendix table 1. Survey establishment response, private

industry, 2019

Establishments Number of

establishments

Total in sampling frame1 ........................................................ 6,434,595

 Total in sample .................................................................... 3,355

 Responding2 ...................................................................... 2,181

 Refused3 ............................................................................ 970

 Out of business or not in survey scope .............................. 204

1 The sampling frame was developed from state unemployment insurance reports and is

based on the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). With some

minor exceptions, an establishment is a single economic unit that engages in one, or

predominantly one, type of economic activity. For private industries, an establishment is

usually a single physical location. Excluded from the survey are workers employed in federal

and quasi-federal agencies, military personnel, agricultural workers, volunteers, unpaid

workers, individuals receiving long-term disability compensation, and those working

overseas. In addition, private industry excludes workers in private households, the

self-employed, workers who set their own pay (e.g., proprietors, owners, major stockholders,

and partners in unincorporated firms), and family members paid token wages. 2 Establishments that provided data at the initial interview. 3 Establishments that did not provide data at the initial interview. Data for establishments

not responding at the time of update interviews are imputed. For information on nonresponse

adjustment and imputation, see “National Compensation Measures,” BLS Handbook of

Methods available at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Appendix table 2. Number of workers represented, private

industry, 2019

Occupational group1 Estimated number

of workers2

All workers ............................................................................. 120,323,600

Management, professional, and related ............................ 31,201,300

Management, business, and financial ........................... 11,799,400

Professional and related ................................................ 19,401,900

Service ............................................................................... 29,096,900

Protective service .......................................................... 1,049,500

Sales and office ................................................................. 28,148,600

Sales and related ........................................................... 12,767,200

Office and administrative support .................................. 15,381,400

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ........... 10,626,200

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry .. 5,686,600

Installation, maintenance, and repair ............................. 4,939,500

Production, transportation, and material moving ............... 21,250,700

Production ...................................................................... 9,115,600

Transportation and material moving .............................. 12,135,100

1 The 2018 Standard Occupational Classification system is used to classify workers. 2 The numbers of workers represented by the survey are rounded to the nearest 100.

Estimates of the number of workers provide a description of the size and composition of the

labor force included in the survey. Estimates are not intended, however, for comparison to

other statistical series to measure employment trends or levels.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Data Correction

The BLS issued a correction to the appendix table 2. Additional information is available at 

www.bls.gov/errata.
Technical Note

Most estimates of detailed benefit provisions are expressed in terms of the percentage of workers 

participating in a particular benefit plan or the percentage covered by a specific provision. Some 

estimates, however, are in units other than percentages of workers, such as the median age 

requirement for early retirement in a traditional defined benefit retirement plan.

All estimates shown in the table are based on the set of workers specified underneath the table title 

and in any subsets indicated by column headers. For example, if it is stated that "All workers 

participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent," then “100 percent” is the full set of 

workers referred to in the distribution. Standard error tables provide measures of reliability for the 

corresponding estimate table. Estimates in the non-shaded columns generally indicate percentages 

of workers. Estimates in shaded columns provide summary statistics, such as percentile, mean, or 

median values. When tables only contain percentile distribution estimates the columns are not 

shaded. 

Some estimates are classified as "not determinable"; such occurrences have various causes. The 

Summary Plan Description (SPD) is used as a primary source of information on the provisions of 

retirement plans. For detailed provisions of employer-sponsored retirement plans, the "not 

determinable" classification is used when no information on a particular plan feature is available 

from the SPD. 

Estimates by worker average wage are grouped into six wage categories: the lowest 10 percent, the 

lowest 25 percent, the second 25 percent, the third 25 percent, the highest 25 percent, and the 

highest 10 percent. The categories use percentile values based on unpublished March 2019 wages 

and salaries from the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation. 

Percentiles are computed using average hourly earnings from sampled occupations within an 

establishment. Establishments in the survey are asked to report only individual worker earnings and 

scheduled hours of work for each sampled job. For the calculation of the percentile values, the 

individual worker hourly wages are weighted and arrayed from lowest to highest. The values 

corresponding to the percentiles are:
The lowest 10- and 25-percent wage categories include those occupations with an average hourly 

wage less than the 10th percentile value and 25th percentile value, respectively. The second 25-

percent category includes those occupations that make at or above the 25th percentile value but 

less than the 50th percentile value. The third 25-percent category includes those occupations that 

make at or above the 50th percentile value but less than the 75th percentile value. Finally, the 

highest 25- and 10-percent wage categories include those occupations with an average hourly wage 

greater than or equal to the 75th percentile value and 90th percentile value, respectively.

Note: Individual workers can fall into a wage category different from the average for the occupation 

into which they are classified because average hourly wages for the occupation are used to produce 

the benefit estimates.

Sample size

See appendix table 1. (PDF)

Survey scope

See appendix table 2. (PDF)

Excluded from the survey are workers employed in federal and quasi-federal agencies, military 

personnel, agricultural workers, volunteers, unpaid workers, individuals receiving long-term disability 

compensation, and those working overseas. In addition, private industry excludes workers in private 

households, the self-employed, workers who set their own pay (e.g., proprietors, owners, major 

stockholders, and partners in unincorporated firms), and family members paid token wages. 

Survey methods

For technical information on survey methods, see "National Compensation Measures," in the BLS 

Handbook of Methods. The concepts section of the Handbook provides definitions for worker and 

establishment characteristics, including geographic areas.

Additional information

Characteristics

Average hourly wage percentiles

10 25 50

(median) 75 90

Private industry workers $10.48 $13.25 $19.00 $30.61 $48.28
For BLS research articles on employee benefits, see the Monthly Labor Review, Beyond the 

Numbers: Pay and Benefits, The Economics Daily, as well as the NCS publications page.