News United States

Department

of Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics W ashington, D.C. 20212

Technical information: (202) 606-6170 USDL 97-188

Media information: (202) 606-5902 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT

Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/oshhome.htm Thursday, June 12, 1997

 LOST-WORKTIME INJURIES: CHARACTERISTICS

 AND RESULTING TIME AWAY FROM WORK, 1995

 Half of all workers afflicted with carpal tunnel syndrome missed 30 days or more of

work, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. Workrelated hernias, amputations (usually involving the finger), and fractures also commonly

kept workers off the job for several weeks, as did about a fourth of sprains and strains

involving workdays lost. A total of 500,000 injuries and illnesses of all types lasted 21

days or more, accounting for a fourth of the 2 million cases in private industry in 1995

that resulted in worktime lost beyond the day of the incident (table A).

 The number of workdays missed after sustaining a certain type of injury or illness can

vary widely. Table A shows, for example, that a fourth of the work-related carpal tunnel

syndrome cases lasted 10 days or less, compared with a median absence from work of 30

days. The number of days away from work to recover from a particular type of injury

largely reflects differences in injury severity, individual recuperation times, and the

availability of light or restricted work activities (e.g., non-typing duties for persons

recovering from carpal tunnel syndrome).

Table A. Selected injuries or illnesses: Number of work-related cases and days

away from work, 1995

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Total Percent of total cases involving: Median

Disabling condition cases Under 3 3 to 10 11 to 20 21 days days away

 days days days or more from work1

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Total................................. 2,040,9292 30 34 11 24 5

Carpal tunnel syndrome... 31,457 7 18 14 62 30

Hernia................................................... 30,482 5 16 25 54 22

Amputation....................................... 11,308 10 22 18 50 21

Fracture............................................. 124,601 14 25 14 46 18

Sprain, strain........................... 876,792 27 38 12 23 5

Cut, laceration........................ 153,193 43 35 10 13 3

Chemical burn.............................. 13,861 52 34 7 7 2

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 1

Median workdays lost is the point at which half the injuries and illnesses

involved more lost workdays and half involved fewer days.

 2

The total for cases involving days away from work includes data for

disabling conditions in addition to the seven shown separately.

NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100.

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
2

Severe injuries profiled

 This section looks at work-related carpal tunnel syndrome, hernias, amputations, and

fractures--the four most disabling conditions shown in table A--from three different

views--gender, occupation, and event or exposure.

 Men were more likely than women to experience three of the four types of severe

injuries, but women outnumbered men suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome. As table

B shows, women workers were a clear majority (seven-tenths) of the lost-worktime cases

involving carpal tunnel syndrome, compared with less than a tenth of the case totals for

hernias and amputations and a fourth of all fractures. Interestingly, more women

sustained carpal tunnel syndrome by operating machinery, on assembly lines, and tending

retail stores than they did typing, keying, and performing other duties associated with

office workers. Nationally, women were about a third of the 2 million injuries and

illnesses in 1995 with days away from work (tables 1 and 2), a smaller proportion than

their 45-percent share of the 95 million private wage and salary workers covered by the

BLS survey.

 Workers sustaining these four severe injuries performed a variety of work activities,

such as handling clerical and sales duties, operating or repairing machinery, fabricating

products on assembly lines, moving material by hand or truck, cleaning and maintaining

buildings, and staffing construction sites. Workers in these kinds of occupations figured

prominently in all lost-worktime injuries (table 3), and their risk of sustaining severe

injuries appears to be particularly high. Assemblers’ share of total lost-worktime injuries

and illnesses (2.7 percent), for example, was twice their portion of total private wage and

salary employment (1.3 percent); their share of carpal tunnel syndrome cases, however,

was 8 percent. Similarly, truckdrivers sustained 9 percent of all fractures and about 7-

1/2 percent of all lost-worktime cases; they were about 2-1/2 percent of the 1995

employment total.

 The manner in which workers sustained severe injuries differed, suggesting that

remedies to prevent such injuries need to address a variety of circumstances. Virtually all

cases of carpal tunnel syndrome resulted from stress or strain upon a worker’s wrist due

to a task’s repetitive nature. Examples include grasping and unravelling bolts of cloth,

scanning groceries, typing or key entry, and cutting meat or poultry on an assembly line.

By contrast, about three-fifths of work-related amputations involved a worker’s finger

being caught in or compressed by a piece of equipment, machinery, or an object, such as

a conveyor, printing press, or wire reel. Seventh-eighths of the hernias resulted from

overexertion, primarily while lifting heavy objects, for example, laborers moving

household goods or butchers maneuvering carcasses of meat. And seven-tenths of

fractures on the job were due to falls or workers being struck by objects, such as janitors

falling off ladders or carpenters being hit by falling lumber. Tables 4 and 5 point out that,

for all lost-worktime injuries and illnesses, overexertion was a fourth of the total of 2

million cases, the largest share among individual events or exposures.
3

Table B. Profiles for four types of injuries resulting in lengthy absences from

work, by occupations most often affected and ways in which injury occurred, 1995

 CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME AMPUTATION

 Number of cases..................... 31,457 Number of cases.................................... 11,308

 Percent...................................................... 100 Percent..................................................................... 100

 Sex of injured.......................................... 100 Sex of injured...................................................... 100

 Female..................................................................... 71 Female................................................................................. 9

 Male........................................................................... 28 Male....................................................................................... 90

 Occupation...................................................... 100 Occupation.................................................................. 100

 Clerical and other admini- Machine operator................................................... 30

 strative support.......................................22 Sawing machine................................................... 3

 Data-entry keyer.................................... 4 Punching and stamping press............ 2

 Secretary......................................................... 3 Precision production and craft......... 27

 General office clerk........................ 2 Carpenter.................................................................. 3

 Machine operator..........................................21 Industrial machinery repairer...... 3

 Sewing machine operator............... 4 Butcher and meatcutter........................... 2

 All other occupations...........................57 All other occupations.................................... 43

 Assembler......................................................... 8 Laborer, exc. construction............... 6

 Laborer, exc. construction...... 3 Assembler ............................................................ 4

 Cashier............................................................... 2 Truckdriver............................................................ 3

 Sales supervisor.................................... 2 Construction laborer................................. 3

 Event or exposure................................. 100 Event or exposure............................................. 100

 Repetitive motion, all types... 99 Caught in, compressed by equip-

 Placing,grasping,exc. tool...... 26 ment, machinery, or object(s)......... 61

 Typing or keyentry.............................. 22 Struck by object(s).......................................... 19

 Use of tool(s).......................................... 14 Struck against object(s)........................... 13

 All other events, exposures...... 1 All other events, exposures.................. 8

 HERNIA FRACTURE

 Number of cases..................... 30,482 Number of cases................................. 124,601

 Percent...................................................... 100 Percent..................................................................... 100

 Sex of injured.......................................... 100 Sex of injured...................................................... 100

 Female..................................................................... 7 Female................................................................................. 25

 Male........................................................................... 93 Male....................................................................................... 74

 Occupation...................................................... 100 Occupation.................................................................. 100

 Operator, fabricator, Handler, helper, and laborer............... 16

 and laborer................................................... 45 Laborer, exc. construction............... 6

 Truckdriver................................................ 8 Construction laborer................................. 4

 Laborer, exc. construction... 6 Transportation,material handling... 12

 Assembler.................................................... 3 Truckdriver............................................................ 9

 Welder and cutter.............................. 3 Construction trade............................................. 10

 Precision production, craft...... 27 Carpenter.................................................................. 3

 Carpenter...................................................... 3 Machine operator................................................... 10

 Butcher and meatcutter............... 2 All other occupations.................................... 51

 All other occupations........................ 29 Janitor and cleaner.................................... 2

 Cook..................................................................... 3 Assembler.................................................................. 2

 Janitor and cleaner........................ 3 Miscellaneous food preparer............ 2

 Event or exposure................................. 100 Event or exposure............................................. 100

 Overexertion, all types.................. 86 Fall, all types...................................................... 43

 Lifting............................................................ 60 Fall from ladder............................................. 5

 Pulling or pushing........................... 13 Struck by object(s).......................................... 27

 Holding, carrying, turning... 7 Caught in, compressed by equip-

 All other events, exposures...... 14 ment, machinery, or object(s)......... 13

 Bodily reaction(e.g.,slip)... 5 All other events, exposures.................. 17

NOTE: Each profile is a percent distribution of cases involving days away from

work. The four disabling conditions are part of the BLS nature-of-injury-andillness classification structure, issued in 1992. Because of rounding and

omitted subcategories, percentages may not add to 100.

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
4

 In addition to profiling injuries requiring lengthy absences from work, the BLS

survey identifies industries with high rates of lost-worktime injuries and illnesses and

publishes information on the demographics of the workers affected and the characteristics

of their injuries and illnesses. Nursing and personal care facilities, the industry profiled

in table C, is one of the high-rate industries. In 1995, it had a lost-worktime rate of 595

injuries and illnesses of all types per 10,000 equivalent full-time workers, about the same

rate reported for trucking services and ship and boat building and repairing but more than

double the national rate of 250 per 10,000 workers. Nursing homes ranked first for

overexertion with a rate of 320 lost-worktime cases per 10,000 workers, more than four

times the 1995 national rate for overexertion of 69 cases per 10,000 workers (table 6).

 An estimated 82,000 lost-worktime injuries and illnesses occurred in private nursing

and personal care facilities in 1995; those facilities employed slightly more than 1-1/2

million workers that year. About seven-eighths of the injured were women, primarily

nurses and aides who staff most positions in nursing homes. By age, injured nursing

home workers, like the injured in all private industry, were divided about evenly between

those under 35 years and those ages 35 and over. But by the survey’s measure of tenure,

injured workers with less than a year of service with their employer when the incident

occurred had a larger share of all lost-worktime injuries in nursing homes (45 percent)

than their share for private industry as a whole (33 percent).

 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants accounted for a larger share of all lostworktime injuries and illnesses in nursing homes than their two-fifths share of the

industry’s employment total. (Occupational staffing patterns for nursing homes are based

on data from the 1993 BLS survey of occupational employment in privately-operated

facilities for nursing and personal care.) By contrast, licensed practical nurses and

registered nurses face smaller risks of injury than do nursing aides. Occupational risk

differences can reflect, to a large extent, differences in primary work duties. Nursing

aides, for example, are responsible for much of the “bed and body work” often required in

caring for the incapacitated in long-term care facilities.

 Overexertion, primarily while lifting and otherwise maneuvering patients/residents,

accounted for about half of the lost-worktime cases in nursing homes; overexertion

composed about a fourth of the private industry total. Most of these types of incidents in

nursing homes resulted in disabling sprains and strains or nonspecified pain, often to the

back. Other events and exposures leading to lost-worktime injuries in nursing home

settings included falls to the same level, bodily reactions like bending and slipping,

assaults and other violent acts, being struck by objects, and striking against objects.

Nursing homes most commonly cited the patients themselves as the primary source of

injury or illness to their staff; other documented sources included floors, furniture,

containers, carts, and wheelchairs.

 Although nursing home workers face a relatively high risk of injury or illness, they

typically return to work in 4 days, compared with the national median of 5 days. A fourth

of the injuries in nursing homes, however, entailed 11 or more missed workdays. (See

tables 7-10 for information on case duration for selected worker traits, occupation, case

characteristic, and major industry grouping.)
5

Table C. Percent distribution of lost-worktime injuries and illnesses1 within

private nursing and personal care facilities2

, selected characteristics, 1995

 Total, nursing and personal

 care facilities

 Number............ 82,441

 Percent............ 100

 Sex of injured worker Nature of injury

 Percent......................................................... 100 Percent...................................................... 100

Female..................................................................... 86 Sprain, strain.......................................... 60

Male........................................................................... 13 Nonspecific soreness, pain...... 14

 Back pain, hurt back.................. 6

 Age of injured worker Bruise, contusion................................. 8

 Fracture............................................................ 2

 Percent......................................................... 100 All other injuries.............................. 15

Under 20 years............................................. 6

20 to 34 years............................................. 44 Event or exposure

35 to 54 years............................................. 40

55 years and over.................................... 7 Percent...................................................... 100

Not reported................................................... 4 Overexertion, all types............... 54

 Lift.................................................................. 33

Length of service with employer Hold, carry, turn........................... 8

 at time of injury Fall to same level.............................. 12

 Bodily reaction, all types...... 8

 Percent......................................................... 100 Bend, climb, reach, twist... 3

Under 3 months............................................. 19 Slip, trip (without fall)... 3

3 months to 1 year................................. 26 Assault by person(s)........................ 7

1 to 5 years................................................... 30 Hit, kick, beat................................. 3

More than 5 years.................................... 15 Struck by object(s)........................... 6

Not reported................................................... 10 Struck against object(s)............ 4

 All other events, exposures... 10

 Occupation of injured worker

 Source of injury

 Percent......................................................... 100

Service occupation................................. 83 Percent...................................................... 100

 Nursing aide, orderly.................. 68 Health care patient........................... 55

 Maid and houseman.............................. 5 Floor, walkway, ground.................. 12

 Health aide, exc. nursing...... 4 Worker motion or position......... 8

 Cook..................................................................... 3 Furniture......................................................... 4

 Misc. food preparer........................ 1 Container......................................................... 3

Licensed practical nurse............... 7 Cart, dolly, handtruck.................. 2

Registered nurse....................................... 3 Wheelchair...................................................... 2

All other occupations........................ 6 All other sources................................. 15

 Workdays lost

 Percent......................................................... 100

 1 or 2 days...................................................... 36

 3 to 5 days...................................................... 25

 6 to 10 days................................................... 14

 11 days or more.......................................... 25

 Median days lost.................. 4 days

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1

Each case involves day(s) away from work, with or without days of restricted

work activity, excluding the day of the incident.

2

Industry number 805 as defined in the Standard Industrial Classification

Manual, 1987 Edition.

NOTE: Overall categories may include data for classifications not shown.

Because of rounding and because of nonclassifiable responses, data may not

sum to totals.

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
6

Table D. The manner in which workers sustained injuries and illnesses resulting

in days away from work, 1992-95

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Event or Percent Cases per 10,000 workers

 exposure1 distribution, 1992 1993 1994 1995

 1995 cases

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Total ........................... 100 305 286 277 250

Bodily reaction and exertion ....... 43 135 128 121 109

 Overexertion ..................... 27 86 81 76 69

 Bodily reaction, e.g.,slip, twist. 10 34 32 30 26

 Repetitive motion ................ 4 12 12 12 10

Contact with objects and equipment . 28 83 78 75 69

 Struck by object(s)............... 13 39 37 36 33

 Struck against object(s).......... 7 22 21 20 18

 Caught in or compressed by equip-

 ment or object(s)................ 5 13 12 12 12

Fall ............................... 17 49 47 49 42

 Fall on same level ............... 11 31 31 33 28

 Fall to lower level .............. 5 15 14 14 13

Exposure to harmful substance(s)

 or environment(s).................. 5 15 14 14 13

Transportation incident ............ 4 9 9 10 9

 Highway accident ................. 2 5 5 6 6

Assault and violent act ............ 1 4 3 3 4

 Assault by person(s) ............. 1 3 3 3 3

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 1

Total and broad event or exposure categories may include data for classifications in addition to those shown separately.

NOTE: Because of rounding and because of classifications not shown, percentages

may not add to 100.

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor

 For nursing homes and many other high-rate industries, rates of lost worktime injuries

and illnesses have declined dramatically in recent years. For example, the rate in nursing

homes for overexertion incidents resulting in days away from work--320 cases per 10,000

full-time workers in 1995--was a fifth lower than its corresponding 1992 rate, 397

per 10,000 workers. This mirrored the national decline for overexertion injuries from

1992 to 1995 (table D). Rates also improved between 1992 and 1995 for injuries

involving worker contact with objects, machinery, and equipment and for various types of

falls and slips. In addition, the rate of repetitive motion cases, such as those resulting in

carpal tunnel syndrome, declined between 1994 and 1995. By contrast, rates did not

improve over the same time span for certain other types of work-related incidents, such as

highway accidents and assaults. Very different trends, in fact, were noted among

industries having high rates of assaults and other violent acts. With the national rate

remaining at about 3 assaults by person(s) per 10,000 workers, the assault rate in nursing

homes declined from 48 per 10,000 in 1992 to 40 per 10,000 in 1995, while the

corresponding rate in the residential care industry, which includes, for example, halfway

houses and homeless centers, rose from 41 to 58 per 10,000 workers.

Technical note

 The Bureau of Labor Statistics has reported annually on the number of days-awayfrom-work injuries and illnesses in private industry and the rate of such incidents since

the early 1970s. The 1995 national survey marks the fourth year that BLS has collected

additional detailed information on such cases in the form of worker and case

characteristics data, including workdays lost, summarized in this release. (Counts and
7

rates for cases without lost workdays and related measures also date back to the early

1970s. Because of limited resources, additional detail on less serious cases such as these

has not been collected.)

 The number and frequency (incidence rates) of these cases are based on logs and other

records kept by private industry employers throughout the year. These records reflect not

only the year’s injury and illness experience but also the employer’s understanding of

which cases are work related under current recordkeeping guidelines of the U.S.

Department of Labor. The number of injuries and illnesses reported in a given year also

can be influenced by changes in the level of economic activity, working conditions and

work practices, worker experience and training, and the number of hours worked.

 The survey continues to measure the number of new work-related illness cases which

are recognized, diagnosed, and reported each year. In 1995, 106,600 of the 2 million

cases with days away from work were classified as illnesses. Some conditions, e.g., longterm latent illnesses caused by exposure to carcinogens, often are difficult to relate to the

workplace and are not adequately recognized and reported. These long-term latent

illnesses are believed to be understated in the survey. In contrast, the overwhelming

majority of the reported new illnesses are those which are easier to directly relate to

workplace activity (e.g., contact dermatitis or carpal tunnel syndrome).

 The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses is a Federal/State program (50/50

funded) in which employer reports are collected from about 250,000 private industry

establishments and processed by state agencies cooperating with the Bureau of Labor

Statistics. Occupational injury and illness data for coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and

for railroad activities were provided by the Department of Labor’s Mine Safety and

Health Administration and the Department of Transportation’s Federal Railroad

Administration. The survey excludes all fatalities at work and work-related nonfatal

injuries and illnesses to the self employed; workers on farms with fewer than 11

employees; private household workers; and employees in federal, state, and local

government agencies.

 The survey estimates of the characteristics of cases with days away from work are

based on a scientifically selected probability sample, rather than a census of the entire

population. Two levels of sampling were used. First, establishments were selected to

represent themselves and, in many instances, other establishments of like industry and

workforce size that were not selected that survey year. Then, sampled establishments

projected to have large numbers of days-away-from-work cases were instructed before

the survey began on how to sample those cases to minimize the burden of their response;

an establishment expected to have 20 or fewer cases, however, was instructed to report on

each case, regardless of the actual number it logged for 1995.

 The sample used was one of many possible samples, each of which could have

produced different estimates. The variation in the sample across all possible samples that

could have been drawn is measured by the standard error. For example, the 82,441

nursing home cases with days away from work has an estimated relative standard error of

0.74 percent, or about 600 cases. Such errors have been calculated for each estimate and

are available upon request.
8

 The data also are subject to nonsampling error. The inability to obtain detailed

information about all cases in the sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, and

definitional difficulties are general examples of nonsampling error in the survey.

Although not measured, nonsampling errors will always occur when statistics are

gathered. However, BLS has implemented quality assurance procedures to reduce

nonsampling error in the survey, including a rigorous training program for State coders

and a continuing effort to encourage survey participants to respond fully and accurately to

all survey elements.

 Beginning with the 1995 survey, modifications were made in the methodology used to

adjust for survey nonresponse and data outliers and to benchmark the survey results.

These changes were found to have minimal impact on the survey estimates.

 The four case characteristics used to describe lost worktime injury and illness are based

on definitions and rules of selection stipulated in the 1992 BLS Occupational Injury and

Illness Classification System. The occupation of the injured or ill worker is based on the

1990 Occupational Classification System developed by the Bureau of the Census.

Industrial classification of establishments is based on the 1987 edition of the Standard

Industrial Classification Manual.

Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries

 As part of its current safety and health statistical system, BLS publishes complete

counts and characteristics of fatal work injuries. The latest information for 1995 was

released in August 1996. For 1995, the BLS census counted about 6,210 fatal work

injuries, of which about 4,250 were private wage and salary workers, nearly 800 worked

in government, and virtually all the rest were self-employed individuals. Highway

incidents and homicides together accounted for over a third of the fatality total.
Table 1. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work1 by selected worker characteristics and industry division, 1995

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Private industry2

Goods-producing Service-producing

Agriculture,

forestry,

and

fishing2

Mining3 Construction Manufactur- ing

Transportation and

public

utilities3

Wholesale

trade Retail trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services

Total .............................................................. 2,040.9 42.1 19.8 190.6 527.5 222.9 159.9 355.7 47.2 475.3

Sex:

Men ..................................................................... 1,355.1 34.4 19.3 185.7 391.7 177.7 138.3 196.5 23.3 188.3Women ............................................................... 667.2 7.4 .4 3.9 132.6 37.3 20.6 157.2 23.8 283.9

Age:4

14 to 15 years ..................................................... .9 .2 – – .1 – .1 .3 – .216 to 19 years ..................................................... 83.5 2.3 .4 5.0 15.3 4.4 4.1 34.9 .8 16.420 to 24 years ..................................................... 265.5 7.6 1.8 23.7 64.4 19.9 22.5 63.8 4.1 57.525 to 34 years ..................................................... 628.3 13.7 5.3 69.7 158.7 69.9 54.4 102.4 14.2 140.035 to 44 years ..................................................... 538.8 10.2 6.7 52.8 146.6 64.9 42.5 73.6 13.0 128.645 to 54 years ..................................................... 319.0 4.7 3.6 22.9 90.1 42.7 23.4 45.1 8.5 78.055 to 64 years ..................................................... 131.3 2.1 1.3 9.3 38.0 13.6 8.4 20.1 4.5 34.065 years and over ............................................... 18.9 .4 – .8 3.3 .8 1.2 4.6 1.3 6.4

Occupation:

Managerial and professional specialty ............... 110.5 .7 .4 2.4 7.8 3.5 5.2 12.9 5.6 72.0Technical, sales, and administrative support ...... 299.8 1.4 .4 3.0 29.5 33.9 24.7 111.3 19.9 75.7Service ................................................................ 362.6 .4 .1 .7 10.4 12.3 2.5 100.5 11.2 224.5Farming, forestry, and fishing ............................. 50.6 32.8 – .9 3.3 .2 1.5 1.2 3.5 7.2Precision production, craft, and repair ................ 341.8 1.2 9.6 114.9 92.0 28.4 19.0 38.2 4.7 33.7Operators, fabricators, and laborers ................... 859.3 5.4 9.0 67.5 378.9 143.3 105.9 88.7 1.9 58.7

Length of service with employer:

Less than 3 months ............................................ 277.7 10.4 2.8 41.6 59.9 18.9 18.3 58.1 3.5 64.33 to 11 months .................................................... 402.1 9.0 3.6 43.9 95.5 31.6 32.5 80.6 8.3 97.11 to 5 years ......................................................... 613.7 12.7 5.0 57.8 145.5 58.0 52.7 111.6 17.1 153.1More than 5 years ............................................... 539.6 7.8 6.3 33.9 179.4 72.6 41.6 71.6 14.5 112.0Not reported ........................................................ 207.8 2.3 2.0 13.4 47.2 41.8 14.8 33.8 3.8 48.8

Race or ethnic origin:

White, non-Hispanic ........................................... 1,070.1 17.6 5.2 125.3 293.9 97.4 88.2 183.5 24.6 234.4Black, non-Hispanic ............................................ 196.8 2.5 .3 10.5 49.5 22.7 15.2 27.6 4.4 64.1Hispanic .............................................................. 191.7 15.9 1.9 19.0 48.7 14.0 16.6 29.5 4.4 41.8Asian or Pacific Islander ..................................... 28.6 .4 – 1.6 7.5 2.4 1.8 5.3 1.0 8.6American Indian or Alaskan Native .................... 8.6 .1 – 2.0 2.0 .4 .5 1.2 .1 2.4Not reported ........................................................ 545.2 5.6 12.3 32.2 126.0 86.0 37.7 108.6 12.6 124.1

1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or

without restricted work activity. 2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetalmining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety andHealth Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration,U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from thecoal, metal, and nonmetal industries.

4 Information is not shown separately in this release for injured workers under age 14; they

accounted for fewer than 50 cases.

NOTE: Dashes indicate no data or data not meeting publication guidelines. Because of

rounding and nonclassifiable responses, data may not sum to the totals.

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
Table 2. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work1 by selected worker characteristics and industry division, 1995

Private

industry2

Goods-producing Service-producing

Agriculture,

forestry,

and

fishing2

Mining3 Construction Manufactur- ing

Transportation and

public

utilities3

Wholesale

trade Retail trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services

Total [2,040,900 cases] ............................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sex:

Men ..................................................................... 66.4 81.6 97.5 97.5 74.3 79.7 86.5 55.3 49.3 39.6Women ............................................................... 32.7 17.7 1.8 2.0 25.1 16.7 12.9 44.2 50.3 59.7

Age:4

14 to 15 years ..................................................... – .4 – – – – .1 .1 – –16 to 19 years ..................................................... 4.1 5.4 2.1 2.6 2.9 2.0 2.6 9.8 1.7 3.520 to 24 years ..................................................... 13.0 18.1 9.3 12.4 12.2 8.9 14.0 18.0 8.8 12.125 to 34 years ..................................................... 30.8 32.5 26.8 36.6 30.1 31.4 34.0 28.8 30.1 29.535 to 44 years ..................................................... 26.4 24.1 34.0 27.7 27.8 29.1 26.6 20.7 27.4 27.145 to 54 years ..................................................... 15.6 11.1 18.2 12.0 17.1 19.2 14.7 12.7 17.9 16.455 to 64 years ..................................................... 6.4 5.1 6.7 4.9 7.2 6.1 5.3 5.6 9.5 7.265 years and over ............................................... .9 1.0 – .4 .6 .4 .7 1.3 2.7 1.4

Occupation:

Managerial and professional specialty ............... 5.4 1.7 1.9 1.3 1.5 1.6 3.2 3.6 11.9 15.1Technical, sales, and administrative support ...... 14.7 3.3 2.0 1.6 5.6 15.2 15.5 31.3 42.1 15.9Service ................................................................ 17.8 1.0 .3 .4 2.0 5.5 1.6 28.3 23.8 47.2Farming, forestry, and fishing ............................. 2.5 77.8 – .5 .6 .1 .9 .3 7.4 1.5Precision production, craft, and repair ................ 16.7 2.9 48.5 60.3 17.4 12.8 11.9 10.7 10.0 7.1Operators, fabricators, and laborers ................... 42.1 12.8 45.6 35.4 71.8 64.3 66.3 24.9 4.1 12.4

Length of service with employer:

Less than 3 months ............................................ 13.6 24.7 14.3 21.8 11.3 8.5 11.5 16.3 7.5 13.53 to 11 months .................................................... 19.7 21.3 18.3 23.0 18.1 14.2 20.3 22.7 17.5 20.41 to 5 years ......................................................... 30.1 30.2 25.4 30.3 27.6 26.0 33.0 31.4 36.3 32.2More than 5 years ............................................... 26.4 18.4 32.0 17.8 34.0 32.6 26.0 20.1 30.7 23.6Not reported ........................................................ 10.2 5.3 10.0 7.0 8.9 18.7 9.3 9.5 8.1 10.3

Race or ethnic origin:

White, non-Hispanic ........................................... 52.4 41.8 26.3 65.8 55.7 43.7 55.2 51.6 52.1 49.3Black, non-Hispanic ............................................ 9.6 5.9 1.6 5.5 9.4 10.2 9.5 7.8 9.3 13.5Hispanic .............................................................. 9.4 37.7 9.6 10.0 9.2 6.3 10.4 8.3 9.4 8.8Asian or Pacific Islander ..................................... 1.4 1.1 – .8 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.5 2.2 1.8American Indian or Alaskan Native .................... .4 .3 – 1.0 .4 .2 .3 .3 .3 .5Not reported ........................................................ 26.7 13.3 62.3 16.9 23.9 38.6 23.6 30.5 26.8 26.1

1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or

without restricted work activity. 2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetalmining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety andHealth Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration,U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from thecoal, metal, and nonmetal industries.

4 Information is not shown separately in this release for injured workers under age 14; they

accounted for fewer than 50 cases.

NOTE: Dashes indicate no data or data not meeting publication guidelines. Because of

rounding and nonclassifiable responses, percentages may not add to 100. 

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
Table 3. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work1 by selected occupations and industry division, 1995

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation Private industry2

Goods-producing Service-producing

Agriculture,

forestry,

and

fishing2

Mining3 Construction Manufactur- ing

Transportation and

public

utilities3

Wholesale

trade Retail trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services

Total .............................................................. 2,040.9 42.1 19.8 190.6 527.5 222.9 159.9 355.7 47.2 475.3

Truck drivers ........................................................... 151.3 1.4 .9 5.8 13.6 75.4 29.7 16.5 .2 7.9Laborers, nonconstruction ...................................... 115.5 1.4 2.7 – 36.7 8.7 33.9 16.1 .8 15.3Nursing aides, orderlies .......................................... 100.6 – – – – .3 .1 – .5 99.6

Assemblers ............................................................. 55.5 .1 .1 .7 48.0 .1 2.3 2.0 – 2.2Janitors and cleaners ............................................. 52.6 .3 .1 .5 8.8 1.2 1.7 6.0 6.4 27.6Construction laborers ............................................. 43.5 .1 – 42.0 .2 .4 .1 – .1 .5Cooks ..................................................................... 35.4 – – – .3 .1 – 24.6 .4 10.0Carpenters .............................................................. 35.0 .1 .1 26.0 3.3 .2 .4 2.2 .9 1.9Stock handlers and baggers ................................... 34.7 – .1 – 3.0 1.1 4.1 25.9 – .5Miscellaneous food preparation .............................. 34.1 – – – .2 – .1 25.5 .2 8.1Cashiers ................................................................. 30.2 – – – .1 .1 .5 26.7 .1 2.7Welders and cutters ................................................ 29.9 .1 .4 2.4 21.8 .9 2.3 .1 – 1.8Sales workers, miscellaneous commodities ........... 27.9 .1 – .2 .4 .2 1.8 23.1 .2 1.9Registered nurses .................................................. 27.8 – – – – – – – .1 27.6

Maids and housemen ............................................. 26.1 – – .1 .2 – – .6 .8 24.4Supervisors and proprietors, sales ......................... 25.7 – – .1 .3 .1 3.1 20.8 .6 .6Shipping and receiving clerks ................................. 23.9 .1 – – 6.9 6.8 3.9 5.0 .1 1.1Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ........ 21.4 9.6 – .9 .3 .1 .1 .9 3.5 6.0Automobile mechanics ........................................... 19.7 – – .1 .3 .5 .7 13.0 – 4.9Electricians ............................................................. 18.2 – .6 12.1 3.0 .6 .3 .1 .1 1.4Waiters and waitresses .......................................... 17.7 –––––– 11.6 .3 5.8Driver-sales workers ............................................... 17.6 .1 – – 4.3 2.5 6.7 2.3 – 1.6Kitchen workers, food preparation .......................... 17.6 – – – .1 – .1 15.7 .1 1.7Farm workers .......................................................... 16.2 15.2 – – .2 – .6 – – .1Plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters .......................... 15.5 – – 11.5 2.1 .3 .5 .1 .1 .8Industrial truck, tractor equipment operators .......... 15.1 .5 .6 .2 7.1 2.1 2.5 1.8 – .4Industrial machinery repairers ................................ 14.4 – 1.4 .1 11.3 .2 .6 .2 – .5Bus, truck, stationary engine mechanics ................ 14.4 .1 .1 .4 1.0 5.7 2.9 1.2 .1 2.8Supervisors, production .......................................... 13.9 – .1 .1 10.2 .7 1.1 .7 – 1.1Licensed practical nurses ....................................... 13.3 –––––––– 13.3

Guards and police, except public ........................... 13.1 – – .1 .5 .4 .1 1.0 .9 10.0Packaging machine operators ................................ 12.9 .1 – – 11.9 – .4 .1 – .3Stock and inventory clerks ...................................... 12.8 .1 – .3 2.6 .9 1.8 5.0 .2 2.1Machinists ............................................................... 11.5 – .1 .1 9.7 – .8 .1 .1 .7

1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or

without restricted work activity. 2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetalmining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety andHealth Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration,

U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from thecoal, metal, and nonmetal industries.

NOTE: Dashes indicate no data or data not meeting publication guidelines. Because of

rounding and occupations not shown, data may not sum to the totals.

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
Table 4. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work1 by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1995

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Private industry2

Goods-producing Service-producing

Agriculture,

forestry,

and

fishing2

Mining3 Construction Manufactur- ing

Transportation and

public

utilities3

Wholesale

trade Retail trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services

Total .............................................................. 2,040.9 42.1 19.8 190.6 527.5 222.9 159.9 355.7 47.2 475.3

Nature of injury, illness:

Sprains, strains ................................................... 876.8 15.7 8.4 72.4 198.7 112.8 72.1 143.4 17.3 236.0Bruises, contusions ............................................ 192.1 3.5 2.2 14.3 47.7 23.4 14.9 38.7 3.8 43.7Cuts, lacerations ................................................. 153.2 4.8 1.3 16.7 46.3 10.9 10.1 38.7 2.5 21.9Fractures ............................................................ 124.6 2.3 2.2 19.5 32.2 13.2 10.9 19.9 2.5 22.0Carpal tunnel syndrome ..................................... 31.5 .3 – 1.3 14.7 1.7 1.8 4.2 2.2 5.3Heat burns .......................................................... 36.1 .1 .3 2.9 8.8 .9 1.5 14.7 .4 6.6Tendonitis ........................................................... 22.1 .3 – 1.0 10.2 2.0 1.2 2.7 .7 4.0Chemical burns ................................................... 13.9 .3 .1 1.1 4.7 1.0 .5 2.4 .1 3.7Amputations ........................................................ 11.3 .3 .1 1.2 6.0 .6 1.0 1.0 .1 1.0Multiple injuries ................................................... 61.7 1.4 1.1 6.2 15.1 6.2 6.2 11.1 2.1 12.3

Part of body affected:

Head ................................................................... 140.9 4.0 1.4 14.9 42.2 13.8 9.9 22.3 3.1 29.3

Eye ................................................................. 77.1 2.6 .5 9.5 28.9 5.6 5.2 9.7 1.3 13.8

Neck ................................................................... 38.2 .5 .5 3.0 7.8 6.1 3.3 6.0 .9 10.2Trunk .................................................................. 776.6 15.0 7.4 67.0 186.4 89.8 64.2 126.2 16.7 203.8

Shoulder ......................................................... 100.8 1.3 .9 8.4 27.6 12.6 7.9 15.8 1.7 24.7Back ................................................................ 540.0 10.8 5.1 45.1 122.2 62.0 45.1 89.7 11.0 149.0

Upper extremities ............................................... 466.5 9.8 4.1 42.1 161.5 34.8 31.2 91.6 9.4 82.1

Wrist ............................................................... 97.4 1.3 .5 6.8 35.6 7.3 6.4 15.3 3.6 20.6Hand, except finger ........................................ 82.6 1.8 .7 9.5 25.6 6.3 5.0 18.8 1.4 13.4Finger ............................................................. 176.9 4.7 1.7 15.6 67.0 9.4 11.9 39.0 2.2 25.5

Lower extremities ............................................... 404.7 8.5 4.2 45.8 88.0 52.0 36.8 71.4 8.7 89.3

Knee ............................................................... 138.1 2.5 1.7 16.2 28.8 18.3 10.8 24.4 3.0 32.3Foot, except toe .............................................. 75.1 1.5 .7 7.3 18.3 8.2 8.6 14.6 1.3 14.8Toe ................................................................. 24.8 .4 .1 2.8 7.1 2.6 3.2 4.4 .3 3.8

Body systems ..................................................... 31.5 .5 .6 2.4 6.8 3.6 1.4 4.4 2.2 9.6Multiple parts ...................................................... 159.9 3.2 1.5 13.5 29.7 20.7 11.9 27.8 5.8 45.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work1 by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1995 — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Private industry2

Goods-producing Service-producing

Agriculture,

forestry,

and

fishing2

Mining3 Construction Manufactur- ing

Transportation and

public

utilities3

Wholesale

trade Retail trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services

Source of injury, illness:

Chemicals and chemical products ...................... 38.3 0.6 1.6 2.4 12.0 3.2 1.5 6.1 1.0 9.9

Containers .......................................................... 287.2 4.3 1.1 9.6 73.1 45.4 36.6 71.7 4.7 40.8Furniture and fixtures .......................................... 75.9 .3 .1 3.0 13.8 3.6 4.3 22.5 2.9 25.4Machinery ........................................................... 143.2 3.1 2.1 13.2 60.8 6.4 10.8 24.5 3.4 18.9Parts and materials ............................................. 227.0 3.4 3.5 45.3 92.0 19.3 21.8 22.0 2.2 17.4Worker motion or position ................................... 301.0 6.4 1.1 24.4 98.6 32.4 21.3 42.6 9.4 64.8Floors, walkways, ground surfaces .................... 317.2 5.6 3.2 34.6 52.5 36.4 20.5 70.2 10.8 83.3Tools, instruments, and equipment .................... 122.7 3.6 1.8 19.9 34.6 7.0 6.6 23.5 2.2 23.7Vehicles .............................................................. 158.2 4.0 1.4 9.4 24.0 42.6 19.8 21.8 3.6 31.6Health care patient ............................................. 97.6 – – – .1 2.4 .1 .1 .4 94.6

Event or exposure:

Contact with objects and equipment .................. 562.2 13.5 7.6 63.0 179.0 49.8 46.5 105.5 8.5 88.8

Struck by object .............................................. 270.4 6.7 4.1 32.6 76.0 22.8 23.7 56.3 4.5 43.6Struck against object ...................................... 143.5 3.4 1.5 15.2 40.0 14.1 10.7 28.8 2.6 27.1Caught in equipment or object ........................ 94.6 2.1 1.7 7.6 44.0 7.5 8.3 12.9 .7 9.7

Fall to lower level ................................................ 104.8 2.7 1.7 22.6 16.6 15.4 8.3 14.5 3.2 19.8Fall to same level ................................................ 224.2 3.5 1.9 14.2 39.2 21.3 13.9 57.1 7.6 65.5Slips, trips, loss of balance–without fall .............. 59.6 1.5 .2 5.0 12.8 8.8 4.3 10.6 1.5 14.9Overexertion ....................................................... 559.9 8.4 5.2 43.0 136.4 63.6 49.6 85.7 10.2 157.8

Overexertion in lifting ...................................... 334.8 4.7 2.0 24.8 75.9 38.2 32.1 59.5 6.0 91.6

Repetitive motion ................................................ 82.6 .9 .2 3.6 44.3 4.5 4.2 8.7 4.1 12.2Exposure to harmful substances ........................ 103.5 2.1 1.2 8.4 28.6 7.8 4.6 22.5 2.5 26.0Transportation accidents .................................... 73.8 2.3 .5 6.1 8.8 19.4 9.1 8.3 2.7 16.6Fires and explosions ........................................... 4.2 .1 – .7 1.3 .3 .3 .6 – .9Assaults and violent acts by person ................... 23.0 .1 – .2 .6 .9 .3 4.3 .6 16.1

1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or

without restricted work activity. 2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetalmining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety andHealth Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration,

U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from thecoal, metal, and nonmetal industries.

NOTE: Dashes indicate no data or data not meeting publication guidelines. Because of

rounding and classifications not shown, data may not sum to the totals. 

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
Table 5. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work1 by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1995

Private

industry2

Goods-producing Service-producing

Agriculture,

forestry,

and

fishing2

Mining3 Construction Manufactur- ing

Transportation and

public

utilities3

Wholesale

trade Retail trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services

Total [2,040,900 cases] ............................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Nature of injury, illness:

Sprains, strains ................................................... 43.0 37.3 42.3 38.0 37.7 50.6 45.1 40.3 36.5 49.7Bruises, contusions ............................................ 9.4 8.3 11.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 9.3 10.9 8.0 9.2Cuts, lacerations ................................................. 7.5 11.5 6.4 8.7 8.8 4.9 6.3 10.9 5.2 4.6Fractures ............................................................ 6.1 5.3 11.1 10.2 6.1 5.9 6.8 5.6 5.3 4.6Carpal tunnel syndrome ..................................... 1.5 .6 – .7 2.8 .8 1.1 1.2 4.7 1.1Heat burns .......................................................... 1.8 .3 1.7 1.5 1.7 .4 .9 4.1 .8 1.4Tendonitis ........................................................... 1.1 .7 – .5 1.9 .9 .8 .8 1.4 .9Chemical burns ................................................... .7 .6 .6 .6 .9 .4 .3 .7 .2 .8Amputations ........................................................ .6 .7 .7 .6 1.1 .3 .6 .3 .1 .2Multiple injuries ................................................... 3.0 3.4 5.6 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.9 3.1 4.4 2.6

Part of body affected:

Head ................................................................... 6.9 9.6 7.1 7.8 8.0 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.2

Eye ................................................................. 3.8 6.1 2.8 5.0 5.5 2.5 3.3 2.7 2.8 2.9

Neck ................................................................... 1.9 1.1 2.5 1.6 1.5 2.7 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.1Trunk .................................................................. 38.1 35.7 37.4 35.2 35.3 40.3 40.2 35.5 35.3 42.9

Shoulder ......................................................... 4.9 3.0 4.3 4.4 5.2 5.7 4.9 4.4 3.7 5.2Back ................................................................ 26.5 25.6 25.6 23.7 23.2 27.8 28.2 25.2 23.4 31.4

Upper extremities ............................................... 22.9 23.2 20.5 22.1 30.6 15.6 19.5 25.8 19.9 17.3

Wrist ............................................................... 4.8 3.0 2.8 3.6 6.7 3.3 4.0 4.3 7.7 4.3Hand, except finger ........................................ 4.0 4.2 3.3 5.0 4.9 2.8 3.1 5.3 3.1 2.8Finger ............................................................. 8.7 11.1 8.5 8.2 12.7 4.2 7.5 11.0 4.7 5.4

Lower extremities ............................................... 19.8 20.3 21.0 24.0 16.7 23.3 23.0 20.1 18.4 18.8

Knee ............................................................... 6.8 5.9 8.3 8.5 5.5 8.2 6.7 6.9 6.5 6.8Foot, except toe .............................................. 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.7 5.4 4.1 2.8 3.1Toe ................................................................. 1.2 1.0 .6 1.5 1.3 1.2 2.0 1.2 .7 .8

Body systems ..................................................... 1.5 1.3 2.8 1.2 1.3 1.6 .8 1.2 4.8 2.0Multiple parts ...................................................... 7.8 7.6 7.8 7.1 5.6 9.3 7.5 7.8 12.2 9.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work1 by selected injury or illness characteristics and industry division, 1995

— Continued

Private

industry2

Goods-producing Service-producing

Agriculture,

forestry,

and

fishing2

Mining3 Construction Manufactur- ing

Transportation and

public

utilities3

Wholesale

trade Retail trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services

Source of injury, illness:

Chemicals and chemical products ...................... 1.9 1.5 8.3 1.2 2.3 1.4 0.9 1.7 2.2 2.1

Containers .......................................................... 14.1 10.1 5.4 5.0 13.9 20.4 22.9 20.2 9.9 8.6Furniture and fixtures .......................................... 3.7 .8 .3 1.6 2.6 1.6 2.7 6.3 6.0 5.3Machinery ........................................................... 7.0 7.4 10.8 6.9 11.5 2.9 6.8 6.9 7.2 4.0Parts and materials ............................................. 11.1 8.2 17.7 23.8 17.5 8.7 13.6 6.2 4.6 3.7Worker motion or position ................................... 14.7 15.2 5.5 12.8 18.7 14.6 13.3 12.0 19.9 13.6Floors, walkways, ground surfaces .................... 15.5 13.3 16.3 18.2 10.0 16.3 12.9 19.7 22.8 17.5Tools, instruments, and equipment .................... 6.0 8.5 8.9 10.4 6.6 3.1 4.1 6.6 4.6 5.0Vehicles .............................................................. 7.8 9.4 7.1 4.9 4.6 19.1 12.4 6.1 7.5 6.7Health care patient ............................................. 4.8 – – – – 1.1 .1 – .8 19.9

Event or exposure:

Contact with objects and equipment .................. 27.5 32.2 38.5 33.0 33.9 22.4 29.1 29.7 18.0 18.7

Struck by object .............................................. 13.2 15.9 20.8 17.1 14.4 10.2 14.8 15.8 9.6 9.2Struck against object ...................................... 7.0 8.1 7.7 8.0 7.6 6.3 6.7 8.1 5.5 5.7Caught in equipment or object ........................ 4.6 5.1 8.4 4.0 8.3 3.3 5.2 3.6 1.4 2.1

Fall to lower level ................................................ 5.1 6.4 8.3 11.9 3.1 6.9 5.2 4.1 6.9 4.2Fall to same level ................................................ 11.0 8.4 9.7 7.4 7.4 9.6 8.7 16.1 16.1 13.8Slips, trips, loss of balance–without fall .............. 2.9 3.5 1.1 2.6 2.4 3.9 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.1Overexertion ....................................................... 27.4 20.0 26.4 22.5 25.9 28.5 31.1 24.1 21.7 33.2

Overexertion in lifting ...................................... 16.4 11.2 10.1 13.0 14.4 17.1 20.1 16.7 12.8 19.3

Repetitive motion ................................................ 4.0 2.1 .8 1.9 8.4 2.0 2.6 2.5 8.6 2.6Exposure to harmful substances ........................ 5.1 5.0 5.8 4.4 5.4 3.5 2.9 6.3 5.2 5.5Transportation accidents .................................... 3.6 5.5 2.4 3.2 1.7 8.7 5.7 2.3 5.7 3.5Fires and explosions ........................................... .2 .2 – .4 .2 .1 .2 .2 – .2Assaults and violent acts by person ................... 1.1 .1 – .1 .1 .4 .2 1.2 1.3 3.4

1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or

without restricted work activity. 2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetalmining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety andHealth Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration,

U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from thecoal, metal, and nonmetal industries.

NOTE: Dashes indicate no data or data not meeting publication guidelines. Because of

rounding and classifications not shown, percentages may not add to 100.

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
Table 6. Incidence rates1 for nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work2 per 10,000 full-time workers for selected characteristics and industry

division, 1995

Private

industry3

Goods-producing Service-producing

Agriculture,

forestry,

and

fishing3

Mining4 Construction Manufactur- ing

Transportation and

public

utilities4

Wholesale

trade Retail trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services

Total [2,040,900 cases] ............................... 250.3 339.9 326.8 417.6 287.4 388.4 262.0 226.3 79.3 204.2

Nature of injury, illness:

Sprains, strains ................................................... 107.5 126.8 138.2 158.7 108.3 196.6 118.2 91.3 29.0 101.4Bruises, contusions ............................................ 23.6 28.3 35.8 31.4 26.0 40.8 24.4 24.6 6.4 18.8Cuts, lacerations ................................................. 18.8 38.9 21.0 36.5 25.2 19.1 16.6 24.6 4.2 9.4Fractures ............................................................ 15.3 18.2 36.1 42.7 17.6 23.0 17.8 12.7 4.2 9.4Carpal tunnel syndrome ..................................... 3.9 2.1 – 2.8 8.0 3.0 2.9 2.7 3.8 2.3Heat burns .......................................................... 4.4 1.1 5.4 6.3 4.8 1.6 2.4 9.4 – 2.8Tendonitis ........................................................... 2.7 2.4 – 2.1 5.5 3.5 2.0 1.7 1.1 1.7Chemical burns ................................................... 1.7 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.6 1.7 – 1.5 – 1.6Amputations ........................................................ 1.4 2.2 2.1 2.7 3.3 1.1 1.6 – – –Multiple injuries ................................................... 7.6 11.6 18.3 13.6 8.2 10.8 10.2 7.0 3.5 5.3

Part of body affected:

Head ................................................................... 17.3 32.5 23.1 32.6 23.0 24.1 16.3 14.2 5.2 12.6

Eye ................................................................. 9.4 20.7 9.0 20.8 15.7 9.7 8.5 6.1 2.2 6.0

Neck ................................................................... 4.7 3.9 8.3 6.5 4.2 10.7 5.4 3.8 1.5 4.4Trunk .................................................................. 95.2 121.4 122.3 146.9 101.6 156.4 105.3 80.3 28.0 87.6

Shoulder ......................................................... 12.4 10.2 14.2 18.3 15.0 22.0 12.9 10.0 2.9 10.6Back ................................................................ 66.2 87.1 83.7 98.9 66.6 108.0 73.8 57.1 18.5 64.0

Upper extremities ............................................... 57.2 79.0 67.1 92.2 88.0 60.7 51.1 58.3 15.8 35.3

Wrist ............................................................... 11.9 10.1 9.0 14.9 19.4 12.7 10.5 9.8 6.1 8.9Hand, except finger ........................................ 10.1 14.3 10.9 20.9 14.0 11.0 8.1 12.0 2.4 5.8Finger ............................................................. 21.7 37.9 27.6 34.1 36.5 16.5 19.5 24.8 3.7 10.9

Lower extremities ............................................... 49.6 69.0 68.8 100.3 48.0 90.7 60.3 45.4 14.6 38.4

Knee ............................................................... 16.9 20.0 27.3 35.6 15.7 31.9 17.7 15.5 5.1 13.9Foot, except toe .............................................. 9.2 11.8 11.0 15.9 10.0 14.3 14.1 9.3 2.2 6.3Toe ................................................................. 3.0 3.4 2.0 6.2 3.9 4.5 5.2 2.8 – 1.6

Body systems ..................................................... 3.9 4.4 9.1 5.2 3.7 6.3 2.2 2.8 3.8 4.1Multiple parts ...................................................... 19.6 25.9 25.5 29.7 16.2 36.0 19.6 17.7 9.7 19.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Incidence rates1 for nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work2 per 10,000 full-time workers for selected characteristics and industry

division, 1995 — Continued

Private

industry3

Goods-producing Service-producing

Agriculture,

forestry,

and

fishing3

Mining4 Construction Manufactur- ing

Transportation and

public

utilities4

Wholesale

trade Retail trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services

Source of injury, illness:

Chemicals and chemical products ...................... 4.7 5.0 27.0 5.2 6.5 5.6 2.5 3.8 1.7 4.3

Containers .......................................................... 35.2 34.4 17.8 20.9 39.8 79.2 59.9 45.6 7.9 17.5Furniture and fixtures .......................................... 9.3 2.6 – 6.6 7.6 6.3 7.0 14.3 4.8 10.9Machinery ........................................................... 17.6 25.1 35.2 28.8 33.1 11.1 17.7 15.6 5.7 8.1Parts and materials ............................................. 27.8 27.8 57.9 99.3 50.2 33.7 35.7 14.0 3.7 7.5Worker motion or position ................................... 36.9 51.6 18.0 53.4 53.8 56.5 34.9 27.1 15.8 27.9Floors, walkways, ground surfaces .................... 38.9 45.2 53.4 75.8 28.6 63.4 33.7 44.7 18.1 35.8Tools, instruments, and equipment .................... 15.0 28.8 29.0 43.5 18.8 12.2 10.8 15.0 3.6 10.2Vehicles .............................................................. 19.4 32.0 23.2 20.6 13.1 74.2 32.5 13.9 6.0 13.6Health care patient ............................................. 12.0 – – – – 4.1 – – – 40.6

Event or exposure:

Contact with objects and equipment .................. 69.0 109.3 125.9 138.0 97.6 86.8 76.1 67.1 14.3 38.1

Struck by object .............................................. 33.2 54.0 68.0 71.5 41.4 39.8 38.8 35.8 7.6 18.7Struck against object ...................................... 17.6 27.6 25.0 33.3 21.8 24.5 17.5 18.3 4.4 11.6Caught in equipment or object ........................ 11.6 17.2 27.4 16.7 24.0 13.0 13.7 8.2 1.1 4.2

Fall to lower level ................................................ 12.8 21.6 27.3 49.6 9.0 26.9 13.7 9.2 5.4 8.5Fall to same level ................................................ 27.5 28.6 31.6 31.1 21.4 37.2 22.8 36.3 12.8 28.1Slips, trips, loss of balance–without fall .............. 7.3 11.9 3.6 11.1 7.0 15.3 7.0 6.7 2.5 6.4Overexertion ....................................................... 68.7 67.8 86.2 94.2 74.3 110.7 81.4 54.6 17.2 67.8

Overexertion in lifting ...................................... 41.1 38.2 32.9 54.3 41.4 66.5 52.6 37.9 10.1 39.4

Repetitive motion ................................................ 10.1 7.2 2.6 7.8 24.1 7.9 6.9 5.6 6.8 5.2Exposure to harmful substances ........................ 12.7 17.0 19.1 18.4 15.6 13.5 7.5 14.3 4.1 11.2Transportation accidents .................................... 9.1 18.7 7.7 13.3 4.8 33.9 14.9 5.3 4.6 7.1Fires and explosions ........................................... – – – 1.6 ––––––Assaults and violent acts by person ................... 2.8 – – – – 1.5 – 2.8 1.1 6.9

1 Incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses per 10,000 full-time

workers and were calculated as: (N/EH) x 20,000,000) where  N = number of injuries and illnesses  EH = total hours worked by all employees during  the calendar year  20,000,000 = base for 10,000 equivalent full-time workers  (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year).

2 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or

without restricted work activity. 

3 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees.4 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal

mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety andHealth Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad Administration,U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from thecoal, metal, and nonmetal industries.

NOTE: Dashes indicate no data, data not meeting publication guidelines, or incidence rates

less than 1.0 per 10,000 full-time workers. 

SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
Table 7. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work1 by selected worker characteristics and number of days away

from work, 1995

Characteristic Total

cases

Percent of cases involving Median

days away

from work 1 day 2 days 3 to 5 days 6 to 10 days 11 to 20 days 21 to 30 days 31 days or more

Total [2,040,900 cases] ............................... 100.0 16.9 13.4 20.9 13.4 11.3 6.2 17.9 5

Sex:

Men ..................................................................... 100.0 16.8 13.2 20.7 13.3 11.4 6.4 18.2 5Women ............................................................... 100.0 17.0 13.8 21.4 13.7 11.1 5.9 17.1 5

Age:2

14 to 15 years ..................................................... 100.0 18.5 8.8 35.5 17.9 10.4 1.2 7.8 416 to 19 years ..................................................... 100.0 21.3 17.8 25.7 14.0 9.5 4.7 7.0 420 to 24 years ..................................................... 100.0 21.1 16.0 23.6 13.2 10.4 4.5 11.1 425 to 34 years ..................................................... 100.0 18.4 14.0 21.9 13.6 10.8 5.9 15.4 535 to 44 years ..................................................... 100.0 15.4 12.7 19.2 13.1 12.1 6.9 20.5 645 to 54 years ..................................................... 100.0 14.0 11.4 19.2 13.6 12.0 6.6 23.1 755 to 64 years ..................................................... 100.0 12.2 9.9 18.7 13.1 11.9 8.2 26.0 965 years and over ............................................... 100.0 10.4 9.2 16.8 15.2 11.8 8.0 28.7 10

Occupation:

Managerial and professional specialty ............... 100.0 17.7 15.3 21.6 14.0 11.0 5.5 15.0 5Technical, sales, and administrative support ...... 100.0 17.5 14.2 21.1 13.1 11.0 5.9 17.3 5Service ................................................................ 100.0 16.7 14.6 24.0 14.1 10.8 5.2 14.6 5Farming, forestry, and fishing ............................. 100.0 17.6 12.2 21.6 14.6 12.3 5.6 16.0 5Precision production, craft, and repair ................ 100.0 17.0 12.5 19.1 13.3 11.1 6.9 20.3 6Operators, fabricators, and laborers ................... 100.0 16.6 12.7 20.2 13.2 11.7 6.6 19.1 6

Length of service with employer:

Less than 3 months ............................................ 100.0 19.0 15.1 22.0 13.5 10.4 5.3 14.8 43 to 11 months .................................................... 100.0 17.8 14.7 22.1 13.4 10.4 5.8 15.8 51 to 5 years ......................................................... 100.0 17.1 13.5 21.1 13.6 11.2 6.0 17.5 5More than 5 years ............................................... 100.0 15.1 11.8 19.1 12.8 12.5 7.5 21.1 7

Race or ethnic origin:

White, non-Hispanic ........................................... 100.0 17.5 13.8 20.4 13.1 11.4 6.3 17.6 5Black, non-Hispanic ............................................ 100.0 15.8 13.4 22.0 13.9 10.9 6.1 17.9 5Hispanic .............................................................. 100.0 15.1 12.7 21.2 14.1 11.0 6.0 20.0 6Asian or Pacific Islander ..................................... 100.0 15.9 13.5 23.6 14.2 11.5 5.1 16.1 5American Indian or Alaskan Native .................... 100.0 13.2 16.8 22.3 13.6 10.6 8.3 15.4 5

1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or

without restricted work activity. 2 Information is not shown separately in this release for injured workers under age 14;they accounted for fewer than 50 cases.

NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100.SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
Table 8. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work1 by selected occupations and number of days away

from work, 1995

Occupation Total cases

Percent of cases involving Median

days away

from work 1 day 2 days 3 to 5 days 6 to 10 days 11 to 20 days 21 to 30 days 31 days or more

Total [2,040,900 cases] ............................... 100.0 16.9 13.4 20.9 13.4 11.3 6.2 17.9 5

Truck drivers ........................................................... 100.0 11.9 11.3 19.6 14.1 14.3 6.8 22.0 8Laborers, nonconstruction ...................................... 100.0 17.4 13.9 21.9 13.0 11.3 5.9 16.6 5Nursing aides, orderlies .......................................... 100.0 16.7 15.8 24.4 15.0 10.3 4.6 13.3 4Assemblers ............................................................. 100.0 18.0 13.2 19.0 12.4 10.9 7.0 19.5 5Janitors and cleaners ............................................. 100.0 16.7 15.5 21.4 14.4 10.1 5.2 16.7 5Construction laborers ............................................. 100.0 14.0 11.9 19.1 13.1 13.8 7.0 21.1 7Cooks ..................................................................... 100.0 16.7 12.8 26.4 14.8 13.7 4.4 11.2 5Carpenters .............................................................. 100.0 13.2 11.9 19.0 15.2 10.5 8.6 21.6 7Stock handlers and baggers ................................... 100.0 14.1 13.1 25.2 17.0 9.8 5.8 15.2 5Miscellaneous food preparation .............................. 100.0 13.9 16.1 24.3 12.9 11.6 6.3 14.8 5Cashiers ................................................................. 100.0 14.0 14.7 20.5 13.3 12.9 6.3 18.3 6Welders and cutters ................................................ 100.0 24.6 14.6 18.8 12.1 8.5 6.0 15.5 4Sales workers, miscellaneous commodities ........... 100.0 16.3 12.1 23.4 12.9 11.4 6.2 17.7 5Registered nurses .................................................. 100.0 19.9 14.2 22.3 12.8 11.3 5.8 13.7 4Maids and housemen ............................................. 100.0 16.7 13.7 26.4 11.9 10.1 4.6 16.6 5Supervisors and proprietors, sales ......................... 100.0 17.8 12.7 20.3 13.6 11.1 7.4 17.2 5Shipping and receiving clerks ................................. 100.0 18.7 13.1 19.7 12.9 11.0 6.9 17.8 5Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ........ 100.0 18.2 12.6 22.6 15.1 13.1 5.0 13.4 5Automobile mechanics ........................................... 100.0 21.2 15.1 21.1 11.8 10.8 4.5 15.6 4Electricians ............................................................. 100.0 18.6 10.1 19.2 11.6 9.2 9.2 22.1 6Waiters and waitresses .......................................... 100.0 17.3 11.9 21.8 19.4 10.3 5.2 14.2 5Driver-sales workers ............................................... 100.0 14.4 9.6 34.5 11.1 11.5 4.5 14.5 5Kitchen workers, food preparation .......................... 100.0 24.6 19.2 23.0 13.5 6.5 3.1 10.0 3Farm workers .......................................................... 100.0 16.4 12.1 21.2 16.6 11.9 6.0 15.7 6Plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters .......................... 100.0 17.9 14.3 20.0 15.2 8.3 4.9 19.3 5Industrial truck, tractor equipment operators .......... 100.0 16.6 14.5 19.0 12.1 10.3 6.5 20.9 5Industrial machinery repairers ................................ 100.0 17.3 11.1 19.0 12.8 11.7 7.1 20.8 6Bus, truck, stationary engine mechanics ................ 100.0 16.4 13.3 19.1 10.2 11.9 7.0 22.1 6Supervisors, production .......................................... 100.0 19.2 15.1 20.1 11.6 12.1 6.2 15.7 5Licensed practical nurses ....................................... 100.0 18.1 18.4 18.2 11.8 11.7 4.8 17.0 5Guards and police, except public ........................... 100.0 13.9 15.5 21.2 13.2 11.0 6.6 18.5 5Packaging machine operators ................................ 100.0 18.2 12.0 18.9 12.5 12.3 7.8 18.3 6Stock and inventory clerks ...................................... 100.0 17.7 12.3 24.4 14.3 11.0 5.6 14.5 5Machinists ............................................................... 100.0 19.9 12.4 17.8 11.9 12.2 6.5 19.3 5

1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or

without restricted work activity. 

NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100.SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
Table 9. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work1 by selected injury or illness characteristics and number of days

away from work, 1995

Characteristic Total

cases

Percent of cases involving Median

days away

from work 1 day 2 days 3 to 5 days 6 to 10 days 11 to 20 days 21 to 30 days 31 days or more

Total [2,040,900 cases] ............................... 100.0 16.9 13.4 20.9 13.4 11.3 6.2 17.9 5

Nature of injury, illness:

Sprains, strains ................................................... 100.0 13.8 13.5 23.0 14.8 11.7 6.1 17.2 5Bruises, contusions ............................................ 100.0 24.5 17.4 22.8 12.3 9.4 4.4 9.2 3Cuts, lacerations ................................................. 100.0 25.8 16.8 21.0 14.1 9.5 4.3 8.4 3Fractures ............................................................ 100.0 8.1 6.3 12.8 12.5 13.8 10.5 35.9 18Carpal tunnel syndrome ..................................... 100.0 3.2 3.3 7.8 10.0 13.6 13.5 48.5 30Heat burns .......................................................... 100.0 20.3 14.1 23.0 15.5 12.3 6.5 8.2 4Tendonitis ........................................................... 100.0 10.3 9.0 16.1 12.9 19.2 7.5 25.1 12Chemical burns ................................................... 100.0 32.2 20.1 23.1 10.6 6.8 2.8 4.5 2Amputations ........................................................ 100.0 5.2 4.8 11.7 10.1 18.2 14.8 35.2 21Multiple injuries ................................................... 100.0 13.6 11.4 19.5 14.3 12.9 5.4 22.9 7

Part of body affected:

Head ................................................................... 100.0 39.4 20.3 20.7 8.1 4.7 1.7 5.0 2

Eyes ................................................................ 100.0 48.0 22.3 19.7 5.1 2.6 .6 1.7 2

Neck ................................................................... 100.0 17.5 13.9 20.7 12.9 10.1 5.1 19.7 5Trunk .................................................................. 100.0 12.9 13.0 21.9 14.6 12.1 6.5 19.1 6

Shoulder ......................................................... 100.0 12.9 12.1 18.8 12.5 11.2 7.2 25.4 8Back ................................................................ 100.0 12.8 13.6 23.4 15.2 11.6 5.6 17.7 6

Upper extremities ............................................... 100.0 18.4 12.7 19.5 13.7 11.4 6.6 17.7 5

Wrist ............................................................... 100.0 10.3 9.4 16.0 12.7 11.7 9.6 30.2 12Hand, except finger ........................................ 100.0 23.2 14.1 20.6 13.7 10.6 5.7 12.1 4Finger ............................................................. 100.0 21.9 14.6 20.4 14.3 11.0 6.0 11.7 4

Lower extremities ............................................... 100.0 15.3 13.0 21.7 12.9 12.1 7.0 17.9 5

Knee ............................................................... 100.0 11.9 10.6 19.4 13.5 12.5 8.6 23.6 8Foot, except toe .............................................. 100.0 18.4 14.8 23.2 11.8 10.8 6.7 14.4 5Toe ................................................................. 100.0 19.9 15.2 22.2 13.8 13.8 5.4 9.8 4

Body systems ..................................................... 100.0 28.1 16.7 18.4 9.4 9.5 3.6 14.2 3Multiple parts ...................................................... 100.0 13.9 11.4 19.2 13.0 11.8 6.6 24.2 7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work1 by selected injury or illness characteristics and number of days

away from work, 1995 — Continued

Characteristic Total

cases

Percent of cases involving Median

days away

from work 1 day 2 days 3 to 5 days 6 to 10 days 11 to 20 days 21 to 30 days 31 days or more

Source of injury, illness:

Chemicals and chemical products ...................... 100.0 31.9 18.1 23.3 9.5 7.3 2.8 7.0 2

Containers .......................................................... 100.0 15.3 13.4 22.9 14.0 11.6 6.2 16.6 5Furniture and fixtures .......................................... 100.0 18.7 14.1 22.4 15.8 10.1 5.2 13.7 5Machinery ........................................................... 100.0 17.4 13.1 18.9 13.8 11.6 7.1 18.1 6Parts and materials ............................................. 100.0 18.0 14.2 20.2 13.0 11.7 6.3 16.6 5Worker motion or position ................................... 100.0 11.9 11.5 19.8 13.6 12.3 7.8 23.1 8Floors, walkways, ground surfaces .................... 100.0 13.0 11.7 19.5 13.0 12.1 7.1 23.6 7Tools, instruments, and equipment .................... 100.0 23.8 14.7 22.2 13.0 9.3 5.3 11.8 4Vehicles .............................................................. 100.0 14.3 11.5 21.1 13.8 12.0 6.1 21.2 7Health care patient ............................................. 100.0 15.7 16.7 24.1 15.1 10.7 4.9 12.8 4

Event or exposure:

Contact with objects and equipment .................. 100.0 24.3 15.3 20.8 12.5 9.7 5.1 12.2 4

Struck by object .............................................. 100.0 24.5 15.8 22.0 11.7 9.4 5.2 11.5 4Struck against object ...................................... 100.0 23.5 15.0 21.3 13.0 9.9 5.2 12.2 4Caught in equipment or object ........................ 100.0 16.8 13.0 17.9 16.0 12.6 6.4 17.4 6

Fall to lower level ................................................ 100.0 10.4 10.9 17.5 12.9 13.2 7.9 27.2 10Fall to same level ................................................ 100.0 14.4 12.5 20.6 12.8 11.8 6.5 21.3 6Slips, trips, loss of balance–without fall .............. 100.0 14.4 12.9 21.1 13.7 11.6 7.6 18.7 6Overexertion ....................................................... 100.0 12.9 12.9 22.2 14.7 12.3 6.5 18.5 6

Overexertion in lifting ...................................... 100.0 12.5 13.1 23.3 14.5 12.3 6.6 17.7 6

Repetitive motion ................................................ 100.0 7.8 6.7 13.0 12.1 14.0 10.7 35.6 18Exposure to harmful substances ........................ 100.0 29.5 17.4 22.6 11.5 8.3 3.8 6.8 3Transportation accidents .................................... 100.0 12.5 10.8 19.2 13.8 12.7 6.2 24.9 8Fires and explosions ........................................... 100.0 10.3 9.4 18.5 12.8 20.9 7.9 20.3 10Assaults and violent acts by person ................... 100.0 18.6 14.4 21.6 17.7 8.7 4.0 14.9 5

1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or

without restricted work activity. 

NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100.SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
Table 10. Percent distribution of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work1 by industry division and number of days away from work, 1995

Characteristic Total

cases

Percent of cases involving Median

days away

from work 1 day 2 days 3 to 5 days 6 to 10 days 11 to 20 days 21 to 30 days 31 days or more

Private industry2 [2,040,900 cases] ...................... 100.0 16.9 13.4 20.9 13.4 11.3 6.2 17.9 5Goods-producing:

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing2 ................... 100.0 16.9 12.2 22.2 14.7 13.4 5.5 15.0 5

Mining3 ........................................................... 100.0 10.2 8.2 14.8 13.7 9.5 5.9 37.8 12

Construction ................................................... 100.0 15.5 11.4 18.9 13.4 11.2 7.5 22.1 7Manufacturing ................................................. 100.0 19.3 13.3 18.8 12.4 11.3 6.7 18.2 5

Durable goods ............................................ 100.0 19.9 13.4 18.5 12.4 11.1 6.7 18.0 5Nondurable goods ...................................... 100.0 18.3 13.2 19.3 12.4 11.6 6.8 18.5 5

Service-producing:

Transportation and public utilities3 ................. 100.0 12.4 11.0 20.7 14.6 12.9 6.6 21.9 7

Wholesale trade .............................................. 100.0 17.2 14.3 21.5 12.9 11.7 6.0 16.4 5Retail trade ..................................................... 100.0 16.6 13.7 22.8 14.1 10.8 6.2 15.8 5Finance, insurance, and real estate ............... 100.0 15.8 13.7 22.0 12.5 10.7 6.6 18.8 5Services .......................................................... 100.0 17.5 15.1 22.7 13.6 10.7 5.1 15.4 5

1 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or

without restricted work activity. 2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetalmining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safetyand Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and by the Federal Railroad

Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors areexcluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal industries.

NOTE: Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100.SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor