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Technical information: (202) 691-6339

 http://www.bls.gov/tus/

Media contact: 691-5902

USDL 05-1766

For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT

Tuesday, September 20, 2005

AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY—2004 RESULTS ANNOUNCED BY BLS

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today that in 2004:

• Employed persons worked 7.6 hours on average on the days that they worked. They also

worked longer hours on weekdays than on weekend days—7.9 versus 5.8 hours.

• On the days that both worked, employed men worked about an hour more than employed

women—8.0 versus 7.2 hours.

• Married persons spent more time doing household activities than unmarried persons—2.1 versus

1.4 hours per day—and women, regardless of marital status, spent more time doing these activities

than men.

• On an average day, persons age 65 and over spent the most time—7.3 hours—participating in

leisure and sports activities of any age group; 35- to 44-year-olds spent the least time—4.2 hours.

BLS has long produced statistics about the labor market, such as employment, hours of work, and

earnings. To provide a more complete picture of the context of employment, BLS began conducting the

American Time Use Survey (ATUS). The ATUS collects data on what activities people do during the

day and how much time they spend doing them.

This second annual release of ATUS data focuses on the time Americans worked, did household activities, cared for household children, and participated in leisure and sports activities in 2004. This report also

includes new measures of time use by occupation, earnings, and marital status.

ATUS data collection began in January 2003. The survey is sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics

and conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. ATUS estimates for 2004 are based on interviews of about

14,000 individuals. Respondents were interviewed only once and reported their activities for the 24-hour

period from 4 a.m. on the day before the interview until 4 a.m. on the day of the interview—their “diary day.”

If respondents reported doing more than one activity at a time, they were asked to identify which activity was

primary. Except for secondary childcare, activities done simultaneously with primary activities were not collected. Activities were then grouped into categories for analysis. For a further description of the survey, see

the Technical Note.

“Average Day” Measures

“Average day” measures for the entire population provide a mechanism for seeing the overall distribution

of time allocation for society as a whole. The ATUS collects data about daily activities from all segments of
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the population age 15 and over, including persons who are employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force

(such as students or retirees). Data also are collected for both weekdays and weekends. Thus, “average

day” measures developed for the entire population reflect the average distribution of time across all persons

and days. Activity profiles will differ based upon age, employment status, gender, and other characteristics.

On an “average day” in 2004, persons in the U.S. age 15 and over slept about 8.6 hours, spent 5.2 hours

doing leisure and sports activities, worked for 3.7 hours, and spent 1.8 hours doing household activities.

The remaining 4.7 hours were spent in a variety of other activities, including eating and drinking, attending

school, and shopping. (See table 1.) By comparison, persons employed full time who worked on an

average weekday spent 9.2 hours working, 7.5 hours sleeping, 3.0 hours doing leisure and sports activities,

and 0.9 hours doing household activities. The remaining 3.4 hours were spent in other activities, such as

those described above.

Many activities typically are not done on a daily basis, and some activities only are done by a subset

of the population. For example, only 46 percent of all persons age 15 and over reported working on an

average day because some were not employed and others were employed but did not work on their diary

day. For this reason, much of the analysis that follows uses time-use estimates that are restricted to specific

population groups, such as employed persons or adults in households with children.

Working (by Employed Persons)

• Employed persons worked 7.6 hours on average on the days that they worked. They also worked

longer hours on weekdays than on weekend days—7.9 versus 5.8 hours. (See table 4.)

• Many more people worked on weekdays than on weekend days. About 83 percent of employed

persons worked on an average weekday, compared with 33 percent on an average weekend day.

(See table 4.)

• On the days both worked, employed men worked about an hour more than employed women. The

difference partly reflects women’s greater likelihood of working part time. However, even among fulltime workers (those usually working 35 hours or more per week), men worked slightly longer than

women—8.3 versus 7.8 hours. (See tables 4 and 6.)

• About 76 percent of persons employed in management, business, and financial operations occupations reported working on a given day—a greater share than those employed in any other occupation. Ninety-two percent of people in these occupations worked on a given weekday and 33 percent worked on a given weekend day or holiday. (See table 5.)

• Employed women living with a child under age 6 spent about an hour less per day working than employed women living in households with older or with no children. Among employed men, the time

spent working did not vary by age of youngest child. (See table 8.)

Household Activities

• On an average day in 2004, 84 percent of women and 63 percent of men spent some time doing

household activities, such as housework, cooking, lawn care, or financial and other household management. (See table 1.)

• Women who reported doing household activities on the diary day spent 2.7 hours on such activities

while men spent 2.1 hours. (See table 1.)
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• Nineteen percent of men reported doing housework—such as cleaning or doing laundry—compared

with 54 percent of women. Thirty-five percent of men did food preparation or cleanup versus 66 percent of women. (See table 1.)

• For men and women, and overall, the amount of time spent doing household activities did not vary

greatly by the presence or age of household children. (See table 8.)

Care of Household Children (by Adults in Households with Children)

• In households with the youngest child under age 6, time spent providing primary childcare averaged

2.7 hours for women and 1.2 hours for men. Physical care, playing with children, and travel related

to childcare accounted for most of the time spent in primary childcare activities. (See table 9.)

• For adults living with children under age 6, women provided an average of 1.2 hours of physical

care—such as bathing, dressing, or feeding a child—per day to household children, while men provided about one-third of this amount—0.4 hour (about 24 minutes). (See table 9.)

• Adults living in households where the youngest child was under the age of 6 spent nearly three times

as much time (1.8 hours) per day caring for and helping household children compared with adults

living in households where the youngest child was between the ages of 6 and 17. This difference was

somewhat greater for women than men. (See table 8.)

• Among adults living with children under age 6, those who were not employed spent about 1 hour

more per day caring for and helping household children than employed adults, 2.6 versus 1.6 hours.

(See table 8.)

• Adults living in households with a child under age 6 spent 4.0 hours per day doing leisure and sports

activities. About half of this time also was spent providing childcare as a secondary activity. That is,

they had at least one child under age 13 in their care while doing leisure and sports activities. (See

tables 8 and 10.)

Leisure Activities

• On an average day in 2004, nearly everyone (96 percent) age 15 and over reported some sort of

leisure or sports activity, such as watching TV, socializing, or exercising. Including the small proportion of the population that reported no leisure activities, men spent more time doing leisure activities

(5.6 hours) than women (4.8 hours). (See table 1.)

• Watching TV was the leisure activity that occupied the most time, accounting for about half of leisure

time on average for both men and women. Socializing, such as visiting with friends or attending or hosting social events, was the next most common leisure activity, accounting for about three-quarters of an

hour per day for both sexes. (See table 1.)

• Men were more likely than women to participate in sports on any given day, 20 versus 15 percent.

Men also spent more time in sports activities on the days they participated, 2.0 versus 1.3 hours.

(See table 1.)

• On average, individuals spent 33 percent more time (1.6 additional hours) in leisure and sports activities on weekend days than weekdays. The biggest proportional gain was in socializing time: Individuals spent 92 percent more time socializing and communicating on weekend days than on weekdays.
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In absolute terms, TV watching and socializing and communicating each were about one-half hour per

day greater on the weekends than on weekdays. (See table 11.)

• Employed adults living in households without children (under age 18) engaged in leisure and sports

activities for 4.5 hours, about 49 more minutes per day than employed adults living with a child under

age 6. Half of their additional leisure time was spent watching TV. (See table 8.)

• Among individuals age 25 and older, those with less than a high school diploma spent 1.8 more

hours per day engaged in leisure and sports activities than those who had earned a bachelor’s degree or higher. (See table 11.)

• Married women spent 4.5 hours per day participating in leisure and sports activities. On average, this

amounted to less leisure time than married men (0.6 hour less), unmarried women (0.8 hour), and unmarried men (1.7 hours). (See table 11.)

Microdata Release

Today, BLS also released five 2004 microdata files for users who wish to do their own tabulations and

analyses: the Respondent file, the Roster file, the Activity file, the Who file, and the ATUS-CPS file. In

accordance with BLS and Census Bureau policies that protect respondents’ privacy, identifying fields were

removed from the microdata files and some responses have been edited. Microdata files are available on

the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/tus/home.htm. A brief description of the files follows:

• The Respondent file contains case-specific information, such as each respondent’s labor force status,

earnings, and total time spent providing secondary childcare.

• The Roster file contains information about each member of the respondent’s household, such as age,

sex, and relationship to the respondent.

• The Activity file contains detail about each respondent’s diary day; it includes activity codes, start and

stop times for each activity, and information about where activities took place.

• The Who file includes codes that indicate who was present during each activity.

• The ATUS-CPS file contains information for all households selected to participate in the ATUS and

includes most of the variables from the Current Population Survey (CPS) Public Use file.

In addition to the release of 2004 files, a variable has been added to the 2003 Respondent file to enable

users to weight the 2003 data using the 2004 methodology.

For More Information

For additional information, please see the Technical Note or the ATUS Web site. Additional information

about the ATUS also may be obtained by e-mailing ATUSinfo@bls.gov or by calling 202-691-6339. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:

202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.

NOTE: The 2003 estimates presented in table 12 of this release are slightly

revised from the 2003 estimates previously released, due to the use of a new

weighting methodology. For more information, see the Technical Note.
Technical Note

Survey methodology

Data collection for the American Time Use Survey (ATUS)

began in January 2003. Sample cases for the survey are selected

monthly and interviews are conducted continuously

throughout the year. In 2004, approximately 14,000 individuals

were interviewed (fewer than the 21,000 individuals interviewed

in 2003, due to a sample reduction). Estimates are released

annually.

ATUS sample households are chosen from the households

that completed their eighth (final) interview for the Current

Population Survey (CPS), the nation’s monthly household labor

force survey. ATUS sample households are selected to ensure

that estimates will be nationally representative.

One individual age 15 or older is randomly chosen from each

sampled household. This “designated person” is interviewed

by telephone once about his or her activities on the day before

the interview—the “diary day.”

All ATUS interviews are conducted using Computer

Assisted Telephone Interviewing. Procedures are in place to

collect information from the small number of households that

did not provide a telephone number during the CPS interview.

ATUS designated persons are preassigned a day of the week

about which to report. Preassignment is designed to reduce

variability in response rates across the week and to allow

oversampling of weekend days, so that accurate weekend day

measures can be developed. Interviews occur on the day

following the assigned day. For example, a person assigned to

report about a Monday would be contacted on the following

Tuesday. Ten percent of designated persons are assigned to

report about each of the five weekdays. Twenty-five percent

are assigned to report about each weekend day. Households

are called for up to 8 consecutive weeks (for example, 8

Tuesdays) in order to secure an interview.

About the questionnaire

In the time diary portion of the ATUS interview, respondents

sequentially report activities they did between 4 a.m. on the day

before the interview (“yesterday”) until 4 a.m. on the day of the

interview. For each activity, respondents are asked how long

the activity lasted. For activities other than personal care

activities (such as sleeping and grooming), interviewers also

ask respondents where they were and who was in the room with

them (if at home) or who accompanied them (if away from home).

If respondents report doing more than one activity at a time,

they are asked to identify which one was the “main” (primary)

activity. If none can be identified, it is assumed to be the first

one mentioned. After completing the time diary, interviewers

ask respondents additional questions to collect more

information to assist coders in clearly identifying work,

volunteering, and secondary childcare activities. Secondary

childcare is defined as having a child under age 13 in one’s care

while doing other things.

In addition, the ATUS includes an update of the household

roster information from the last CPS interview (2-5 months prior

to the ATUS interview) and the employment status information

of the designated person and his or her spouse or unmarried

partner. For designated persons who became employed or

changed jobs between the last CPS interview and the ATUS

interview, information also is collected on industry, occupation,

class of worker, and earnings. For those who are unemployed

or on layoff, CPS questions on job search activities and layoff

are asked. Finally, a question about current school enrollment

status is asked of all respondents ages 15 to 49.

After completing the interview, primary activity descriptions

are assigned a single 6-digit code using the ATUS Coding

Lexicon. The 3-tier coding system consists of 17 major activity

categories, each with multiple second- and third-tier

subcategories. These coding lexicon categories are then

combined into composite categories for publication, such as in

this news release. Descriptions of categories shown in this

release can be found in the Major activity category definitions

section of this Technical Note. The 2004 ATUS Coding Lexicon

can be accessed at http://www.bls.gov/tus/.

Concepts and definitions

Average hours per day. The average number of hours spent

in a 24-hour day (between 4 a.m. on the diary day and 4 a.m. on

the interview day) doing a specified activity.

 • Average hours per day, population. The average number

of hours per day is computed using all responses from a

given population, including respondents who did not do a

particular activity on their diary day. These estimates

reflect how many population members engaged in an

activity and the amount of time they spent doing it.

 Average hours per day, persons reporting the activity on

the diary day. The average number of hours per day is

computed using only responses from those who engaged

in a particular activity on their diary day.

Diary day. The diary day is the day about which the

designated person reports. For example, the diary day of a

designated person interviewed on Tuesday is Monday.

 Earnings

 • Usual weekly earnings. Data represent the earnings of fulltime wage and salary workers before taxes and other

deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or

tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple

jobholders). Respondents are asked to identify the easiest

way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly,

twice monthly, monthly, annually, other) and how much

they usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings

reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a

weekly equivalent. The term “usual” is as perceived by the

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respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,

interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than

half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.

 • Weekly earnings ranges. The ranges used represent approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers.

For example, 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers

had weekly earnings of $450 or less. These dollar values may

vary from year to year.

Employment status

 • Employed. All persons who, at any time during the 7 days

prior to the interview:

 1) Did any work at all as paid employees; worked in

their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or

usually worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in

a family-operated enterprise; and

 2) All those who were not working but had jobs or

businesses from which they were temporarily absent

due to illness, bad weather, vacation, childcare

problems, labor-management dispute, maternity or

paternity leave, job training, or other family or personal

reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time off

or were seeking other jobs.

• Employed full time. Full-time workers are those who

usually worked 35 hours or more per week at all jobs

combined.

• Employed part time. Part-time workers are those who usually

worked fewer than 35 hours per week at all jobs combined.

• Not employed. Persons are not employed if they do not

meet the conditions for employment. The not employed

include those classified as unemployed as well as those

classified as not in the labor force (using CPS definitions).

The numbers of employed and not employed persons in this

report do not correspond to published totals from the CPS for

several reasons. First, the reference population for the ATUS

is 15 years and older, whereas it is 16 years and older for the

CPS. Second, ATUS data are collected continuously, the

employment reference period being the 7 days prior to the

interview. By contrast, CPS data are always collected during the

week including the 19th of the month and refer to employment

during the week containing the 12th of the month. Third, ATUS

response rates in 2004 were slightly higher for employed than

for non-employed designated persons, and this difference is

not accounted for by weighting. Finally, the CPS accepts

answers from household members about other household

members, whereas such proxy responses are not allowed in the

ATUS. One consequence of the difference in proxy reporting

is that a significantly higher proportion of teenagers report

employment in the ATUS than in the CPS. While the information

on employment from the ATUS is useful for assessing work in

the context of other daily activities, the employment data are not

intended for analysis of current employment trends. Compared

with the CPS and other estimates of employment, the ATUS

estimates are based on a much smaller sample and are only

available with a substantial lag. Moreover, because the ATUS

has only been in operation since the beginning of 2003, there

is insufficient data for time series analysis.

Household children. Household children are children under

age 18 residing in the household of the ATUS respondent. The

children may be related to the respondent (such as their own

children, grandchildren, nieces or nephews, or brothers or

sisters) or not related (such as foster children or children of

roommates). For secondary childcare calculations, respondents

are asked about care for own and non-own household children

under age 13.

Primary activity. A primary activity is the main activity a

respondent was doing at a specified time. With the exception

of secondary childcare in table 10, the estimates presented in

this release reflect time spent in primary activities only.

Secondary/simultaneous activities. A secondary activity is

an activity done at the same time as a primary activity. With the

exception of the care of children under age 13, information on

secondary activities is not systematically collected in the ATUS.

Secondary childcare. Secondary childcare is care for

children under age 13 that is done while doing something else,

such as cooking dinner. Secondary childcare estimates are

derived by summing the durations of activities during which

respondents had a household child or their own non-household

child under age 13 in their care while doing other things. It is

restricted to times the respondent was awake. Secondary

childcare time for household children is further restricted to the

time between when the first household child under age 13 woke

up and the last household child under age 13 went to bed. If

respondents report providing both primary and secondary care

at the same time, the time is attributed to primary care only.

Weekday, weekend, and holiday estimates. Estimates for

weekdays are an average of reports about Monday through

Friday. Estimates for weekend days and holidays are an average

of reports about Saturdays, Sundays, and the following

holidays: New Year’s Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of

July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. In

2004, the telephone call center was closed the Friday after

Thanksgiving, so data were not collected about Thanksgiving

Day.

Major activity category definitions

The following definitions describe the activity categories

shown in this report. All major time-use categories in the tables

include related travel time and waiting time. For example, time

spent “driving to the stadium” and time spent “waiting to get
into the stadium to play ball” are included in Participating in

sports under Leisure and sports.

Personal care activities. Personal care activities include

sleeping, bathing, dressing, health-related self-care, and

personal or private activities. Receiving unpaid personal care

from others (for example, “my sister put polish on my nails”)

also is captured in this category. Respondents are not asked

who they were with or where they were for personal care

activities, as such information can be sensitive.

Eating and drinking. All time spent eating or drinking

(except when identified by the respondent as part of a work or

volunteer activity), whether alone, with others, at home, at a

place of purchase, in transit, or somewhere else, is classified

here. Time spent purchasing or talking related to purchasing

meals, snacks, or beverages is not counted as part of this

category; time spent doing these activities is counted in

Purchasing goods and services.

Household activities. Household activities are those done

by respondents to maintain their households. These include

housework; cooking; yard care; pet care; vehicle maintenance

and repair; and home maintenance, repair, decoration, and

renovation. Food preparation, whether or not reported as done

specifically for another household member, is always classified

as a household activity, unless the respondent identified it as

a volunteer, work, or income-generating activity. For example,

“making breakfast for my son” is coded as a household activity,

not as childcare. Household management and organizational

activities—such as filling out paperwork, balancing a checkbook,

or planning a party—also are included in this category.

Purchasing goods and services. This category includes the

purchase of consumer goods as well as the purchase or use of

professional and personal care services, household services,

and government services. Most purchases and rentals of

consumer goods, regardless of the mode or place of purchase

or rental (in person, via telephone, over the Internet, at home,

or in a store) are classified in this category. Gasoline, grocery,

other food purchases, and all other shopping are further broken

out in subcategories.

Time spent obtaining, receiving, and purchasing professional and personal care services provided by someone else

also is classified in this category. Professional services include

childcare, financial services and banking, legal services, medical

and adult care services, real estate services, and veterinary

services. Personal care services include day spas, hair salons

and barbershops, nail salons, and tanning salons. Activities

classified here include time respondents spent paying, meeting

with, or talking to service providers, as well as time spent

receiving the service or waiting to receive the service.

Time spent arranging for and purchasing household services

provided by someone else also is classified here. Household

services include housecleaning; cooking; lawn care and

landscaping; pet care; tailoring, laundering, and dry cleaning;

vehicle maintenance and repairs; and home repairs,

maintenance, and construction.

This category also captures the time spent obtaining

government services—such as applying for food stamps—and

purchasing government-required licenses or paying fines or fees.

Caring for and helping household members. Time spent

doing activities to care for or help any child or adult in the

respondent’s household, regardless of the relationship to the

respondent or the physical or mental health status of the person

being helped, are classified here. Caring for and helping

activities for household children and adults are coded

separately in subcategories. Household members are

considered children if they are under age 18.

Primary childcare activities include physical care; playing

with children; reading to children; assistance with homework;

attending children’s events; taking care of children’s health care

needs; and dropping off, picking up, and waiting for children.

Passive childcare done as a primary activity (such as “keeping

an eye on my son while he swam in the pool”) also is included.

A child’s presence during the respondent’s activity is not

enough in itself to classify the activity as childcare. For

example, “watching television with my child” is coded as a

leisure activity, not as childcare.

Secondary childcare is care for children that is done while

doing something else. For a complete definition, see the

Concepts and definitions section of this Technical Note.

Caring for and helping household members also includes a

range of activities done to benefit adult members of households,

such as providing physical and medical care or obtaining

medical services. Doing something as a favor for or helping

another household adult does not automatically result in

classification as a helping activity. For example, a report of

“helping my wife cook dinner” is considered a household

activity (food preparation), not a helping activity, because

cooking dinner benefits the household as a whole. By contrast,

doing paperwork for another person usually benefits the

individual, so a report of “filling out an insurance application

for my husband” is considered a helping activity.

Caring for and helping non-household members. Activities

done to care for and help any child or adult who is not part of

the respondent’s household, regardless of the relationship to

the respondent or the physical or mental health status of the

person being helped, are classified here. Caring for and helping

activities for non-household children and adults are coded

separately in subcategories. Non-household members are

considered children if they are under age 18. When done for

or through an organization, time spent helping non-household

individuals is classified as volunteering, rather than as helping

non-household members. Non-household childcare, even when

done as a favor or helping activity for another adult, is always
classified as non-household childcare, not as helping another

adult.

Working and work-related activities. This category

includes time spent working, doing activities as part of one’s

job, engaging in income-generating activities (not as part of

one’s job), and job search activities. “Working” includes hours

spent doing the specific tasks required of one’s main or other

job, regardless of location or time of day. Activities done

outside of regular work hours are classified as work if identified

by respondents as part of their jobs. “Work-related activities”

include activities that are not obviously work but are identified

by the respondent as being done as part of one’s job, such as

having a business lunch or playing golf with clients. “Other

income-generating activities” are those done “on the side” or

under informal arrangement and are not part of the respondent’s

regular job. Such activities might include selling homemade

crafts, babysitting, maintaining a rental property, or having a

yard sale. Respondents identify these activities as ones they

“are paid for or will be paid for.”

Travel time related to working and work-related activities

includes time spent commuting to and from one’s job, as well

as time spent traveling for work-related, income-generating, and

job search activities.

Educational activities. Educational activities include taking

classes (including Internet and other distance-learning

courses); doing research and homework; and taking care of

administrative tasks, such as registering for classes or obtaining

a school ID. For high school students, before- and after-school

extracurricular activities (except sports) also are classified as

educational activities. Activities are classified separately by

whether the educational activity was for a degree or for personal

interest. Educational activities do not include time spent for

classes or training that respondents identified as part of their

jobs. Time spent helping others with their education-related

activities is classified in the Caring for and helping categories.

Organizational, civic, and religious activities. This

category captures time spent volunteering for or through an

organization, performing civic obligations, and participating in

religious and spiritual activities. Civic obligations include

government-required duties, such as serving jury duty or

appearing in court, and activities that assist or influence

government processes, such as voting or attending town hall

meetings. Religious activities include those normally

associated with membership in or identification with specific

religions or denominations, such as attending religious

services; participating in choirs, youth groups, orchestras, or

unpaid teaching (unless identified as volunteer activities); and

engaging in personal religious practices, such as praying.

Leisure and sports. The leisure and sports category includes

sports, exercise, and recreation; socializing and communicating;

and other leisure activities. Socializing and communicating

includes face-to-face social communication and hosting or

attending social functions. Leisure activities include watching

television; reading; relaxing or thinking; playing computer, board,

or card games; using a computer or the Internet for personal

interest; playing or listening to music; and other activities, such

as attending arts, cultural, and entertainment events.

Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail. This category captures

telephone communication and handling household or personal

mail or e-mail. Telephone and Internet purchases are classified

in Purchasing goods and services. Telephone calls, mail, or email identified as related to work or volunteering are classified

as work or volunteering.

Other activities, not elsewhere classified. This residual

category includes security procedures related to traveling,

traveling not associated with a specific activity category,

ambiguous activities that could not be coded, and missing

activities. Missing activities result when respondents did not

remember what they did for a period of time, or when they

considered an activity too private or personal to report.

Processing and estimation

After ATUS data are collected, they go through an editing

and imputation procedure. Responses to CPS questions that

are reasked in the ATUS go through the regular CPS edit and

imputation procedures. Some item nonresponses for questions

unique to the ATUS (such as where an activity took place or

how much time was spent doing secondary childcare) also are

imputed. Missing activities and missing values for who was

present during an activity are never imputed.

ATUS records are weighted to reduce bias in estimates due

to differences in sampling and response rates across

subpopulations and days of the week. Specifically, the data are

weighted to ensure the following:

• Weekdays represent about 5/7 of the weighted data and

Saturdays and Sundays each represent about 1/7 for the

population as a whole. The actual proportions depend on

the number of weekdays, Saturdays, and Sundays in a

given month.

• The sum of the weights is equal to the number of persondays in the month, both for the population as a whole and

for selected subpopulations.

The methodology used to weight the 2004 data was different

from the one used to weight the 2003 data. In 2003, the ATUS

weights add up to the number of person-days in the month only

for the population as a whole. In 2004, the methodology was

changed so that the ATUS weights add up to the number of

person-days for selected subpopulations as well as for the

general population. The revised weighting methodology, when
applied to the 2003 data, had little or no effect on the estimates

presented in table 12.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the ATUS are subject to both sampling

and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample

estimates may differ from the “true” population values they

represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies

depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability

is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is

about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an

estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6

standard errors from the “true” population value because of

sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the

90-percent level of confidence.

The ATUS data also are affected by nonsampling error.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability

or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

Errors also could occur if nonresponse is correlated with time

use.
Table 1. Average hours per day spent in primary activities 1 for the total population and for persons reporting the act

the diary day by activity category and sex, 2004 annual averages

Activity

Hours per day, total population Percent of population reporting the activity on the diary day Hours per day, persons 

the activity on the di

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men 

Total, all activities 2 ......................................................... 24.00 24.00 24.00 - - - - - 

 Personal care activities ................................................. 9.34 9.16 9.51 100.0 100.0 100.0 9.34 9.16  Sleeping ..................................................................... 8.56 8.51 8.61 99.9 99.9 100.0 8.56 8.51  Eating and drinking ....................................................... 1.24 1.31 1.18 97.0 97.0 97.0 1.28 1.35  Household activities ...................................................... 1.80 1.32 2.25 74.0 63.2 84.1 2.44 2.10  Housework ................................................................. .59 .22 .93 37.4 19.2 54.3 1.58 1.16  Food preparation and cleanup ................................... .51 .25 .75 51.2 35.0 66.3 1.00 .73  Lawn and garden care ............................................... .19 .25 .14 9.9 11.4 8.6 1.96 2.22  Household management ........................................... .14 .11 .17 16.6 13.6 19.5 .84 .82  Purchasing goods and services .................................... .81 .65 .96 45.7 40.6 50.5 1.78 1.61  Consumer goods purchases ...................................... .41 .30 .50 41.2 37.1 45.1 .98 .82  Professional and personal care services ................... .09 .07 .11 9.4 7.0 11.6 .96 .99  Caring for and helping household members ................. .56 .35 .76 26.6 21.0 31.9 2.10 1.67  Caring for and helping household children ................ .43 .25 .59 22.0 16.2 27.4 1.94 1.54  Caring for and helping non-household members ......... .27 .24 .30 15.3 13.1 17.3 1.79 1.86  Caring for and helping non-household adults ............ .10 .11 .10 10.0 9.3 10.7 1.05 1.19  Working and work-related activities .............................. 3.65 4.37 2.98 45.7 52.1 39.7 7.99 8.38  Working ..................................................................... 3.31 3.96 2.71 43.6 49.5 38.1 7.60 7.99  Educational activities .................................................... .50 .49 .50 9.1 8.5 9.7 5.46 5.84  Attending class .......................................................... .31 .33 .29 6.6 6.3 6.8 4.71 5.20  Homework and research ........................................... .14 .12 .16 5.6 4.7 6.3 2.56 2.53  Organizational, civic, and religious activities ................ .32 .28 .35 13.6 11.7 15.3 2.33 2.40  Religious and spiritual activities ................................. .12 .12 .13 7.6 6.8 8.4 1.63 1.73  Volunteering (organizational and civic activities) ....... .15 .13 .17 7.1 5.9 8.2 2.09 2.12  Leisure and sports ........................................................ 5.18 5.56 4.82 96.3 96.6 96.1 5.37 5.76  Socializing and communicating ................................. .75 .71 .78 40.1 37.0 43.0 1.87 1.92  Watching television .................................................... 2.64 2.85 2.44 80.5 82.5 78.6 3.28 3.46  Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation ........ .30 .40 .20 17.7 20.2 15.3 1.67 1.98  Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail ................................. .18 .11 .25 24.9 18.6 30.7 .74 .62  Other activities, not elsewhere classified ...................... .14 .13 .15 10.8 9.4 12.2 1.30 1.41 

 1 Primary activities are those respondents identify as their main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. 2 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions.

NOTE: Data refer to respondents 15 years and over.
Table 2. Average hours per day spent in primary activities 1 for the total population and for

persons reporting the activity on the diary day by activity category and weekdays and weekends,2004 annual averages

Activity

Hours per day, total

population

Percent of population

reporting the activity on

diary day

Hours per day, persons

reporting the activity on

the diary day

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays 2

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays 2

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays 2

Total, all activities 3 ......................................................... 24.00 24.00 - - - -

 Personal care activities ................................................. 9.04 10.05 100.0 100.0 9.05 10.06 Sleeping ..................................................................... 8.25 9.29 100.0 99.9 8.25 9.30 Eating and drinking ....................................................... 1.19 1.38 97.3 96.3 1.22 1.43 Household activities ...................................................... 1.69 2.08 73.8 74.7 2.29 2.79 Housework ................................................................. .55 .69 36.4 39.8 1.51 1.74 Food preparation and cleanup ................................... .51 .53 52.8 47.5 .96 1.11 Lawn and garden care ............................................... .17 .25 9.5 11.1 1.81 2.26 Household management ........................................... .14 .15 17.1 15.5 .79 .95 Purchasing goods and services .................................... .76 .95 45.6 46.0 1.66 2.06 Consumer goods purchases ...................................... .34 .56 40.0 44.2 .85 1.27 Professional and personal care services ................... .11 .04 11.5 4.4 .98 .87 Caring for and helping household members ................. .59 .49 28.1 23.1 2.10 2.11 Caring for and helping household children ................ .44 .40 23.2 19.1 1.89 2.12 Caring for and helping non-household members ......... .26 .31 14.9 16.2 1.72 1.94 Caring for and helping non-household adults ............ .09 .13 9.6 11.1 .96 1.21 Working and work-related activities .............................. 4.60 1.40 55.1 23.3 8.34 6.00 Working ..................................................................... 4.19 1.24 52.9 21.4 7.91 5.81 Educational activities .................................................... .62 .19 10.2 6.5 6.13 2.97 Attending class .......................................................... .42 .04 8.4 2.2 5.02 1.91 Homework and research ........................................... .15 .13 6.0 4.5 2.43 2.99 Organizational, civic, and religious activities ................ .22 .54 11.0 19.6 2.00 2.77 Religious and spiritual activities ................................. .05 .31 4.3 15.4 1.07 2.00 Volunteering (organizational and civic activities) ....... .14 .16 7.3 6.6 1.98 2.41 Leisure and sports ........................................................ 4.71 6.28 96.0 97.2 4.91 6.46 Socializing and communicating ................................. .59 1.13 38.1 44.7 1.54 2.52 Watching television .................................................... 2.48 3.02 80.2 81.2 3.09 3.72 Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation ........ .27 .35 18.1 16.7 1.49 2.12 Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail ................................. .19 .18 26.7 20.6 .69 .88 Other activities, not elsewhere classified ...................... .14 .15 10.7 11.1 1.27 1.36

 1 Primary activities are those respondents identify as their main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. 2 Holidays are New Year’s Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. In 2004, data

were not collected about Thanksgiving Day.

 3 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions.

NOTE: Data refer to respondents 15 years and over.
Table 3. Average hours per day spent in primary activities 1 for the total population, by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Lat

status, and educational attainment, 2004 annual averages

Characteristic

Hours per day spent in primary activities 2

Personal

care

activities

Eating and

drinking

Household

activities

Purchasing

goods and

services

Caring for

and

helping

household

members

Caring for

and

helping

nonhousehold

members

Working

and workrelated

activities

Educational activities

Organizational,

civic, and

religious

activities

L

an

Total, 15 years and over ....................... 9.34 1.24 1.80 0.81 0.56 0.27 3.65 0.50 0.32  15 to 24 years ..................................... 10.00 1.03 .83 .60 .30 .24 2.43 2.19 .28  25 to 34 years ..................................... 9.25 1.18 1.53 .85 1.15 .25 4.71 .28 .20  35 to 44 years ..................................... 9.03 1.17 1.90 .82 1.05 .22 4.98 .15 .31  45 to 54 years ..................................... 9.01 1.25 2.05 .87 .40 .30 4.87 .10 .34  55 to 64 years ..................................... 9.09 1.37 2.16 .89 .18 .39 3.75 5 ( ) .33 

 65 years and over ............................... 9.65 1.53 2.55 .89 .11 .28 .70 .03 .46  Men, 15 years and over ....................... 9.16 1.31 1.32 .65 .35 .24 4.37 .49 .28  15 to 24 years ..................................... 9.78 1.02 .60 .48 .11 .22 2.71 2.16 .25  25 to 34 years ..................................... 9.09 1.27 1.02 .68 .52 .25 5.74 .26 .20  35 to 44 years ..................................... 8.93 1.23 1.32 .63 .74 .25 5.89 5 ( ) .30  45 to 54 years ..................................... 8.77 1.39 1.59 .63 .33 .21 5.59 5 ( ) .30  55 to 64 years ..................................... 8.94 1.43 1.66 .68 .14 .28 4.44 5 ( ) .27  65 years and over ............................... 9.43 1.67 2.06 .90 .12 .27 .96 5 ( ) .40  Women, 15 years and over ................. 9.51 1.18 2.25 .96 .76 .30 2.98 .50 .35  15 to 24 years ..................................... 10.22 1.05 1.07 .72 .49 .26 2.14 2.22 .32  25 to 34 years ..................................... 9.41 1.09 2.05 1.01 1.76 .24 3.69 .30 .20  35 to 44 years ..................................... 9.14 1.11 2.46 1.00 1.35 .18 4.08 .21 .31  45 to 54 years ..................................... 9.24 1.13 2.47 1.08 .46 .38 4.20 .10 .37  55 to 64 years ..................................... 9.23 1.31 2.61 1.08 .23 .50 3.12 5 ( ) .38  65 years and over ............................... 9.82 1.43 2.91 .89 .10 .28 .51 5 ( ) .50  White, 15 years and over ..................... 9.27 1.29 1.87 .81 .55 .28 3.73 .45 .30  Men ..................................................... 9.09 1.37 1.36 .65 .34 .24 4.52 .46 .26  Women ............................................... 9.44 1.22 2.35 .96 .74 .31 2.98 .44 .34  Black or African American, 15 years

and over .............................................. 9.87 .88 1.39 .79 .54 .26 3.14 .71 .42 

 Men ..................................................... 9.68 .86 1.13 .62 .33 .28 3.21 5 ( ) .45  Women ............................................... 10.02 .89 1.60 .92 .71 .24 3.08 .77 .40  Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 15 years

and over .............................................. 9.82 1.15 1.86 .89 .61 .24 3.50 .61 .29 

 Men ..................................................... 9.63 1.21 1.10 .74 .29 .29 4.24 5 ( ) .26  Women ............................................... 10.02 1.09 2.64 1.04 .94 .19 2.73 .52 .32 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Average hours per day spent in primary activities 1 for the total population, by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Lat

status, and educational attainment, 2004 annual averages — Continued

Characteristic

Hours per day spent in primary activities 2

Personal

care

activities

Eating and

drinking

Household

activities

Purchasing

goods and

services

Caring for

and

helping

household

members

Caring for

and

helping

nonhousehold

members

Working

and workrelated

activities

Educational activities

Organizational,

civic, and

religious

activities

L

an

Marital status and sex:

Married, spouse present ..................... 9.07 1.32 2.14 0.87 0.77 0.27 4.05 0.11 0.35 

Men ................................................... 8.85 1.40 1.56 .69 .54 .24 5.00 .08 .34 Women ............................................. 9.29 1.25 2.71 1.04 1.01 .31 3.10 .15 .36 

Other marital statuses ........................ 9.68 1.14 1.39 .75 .30 .27 3.16 .97 .27 

Men ................................................... 9.57 1.19 1.00 .61 .10 .25 3.52 1.05 .21 Women ............................................. 9.77 1.10 1.72 .86 .47 .29 2.85 .91 .33 

 Educational attainment, 25 years and

over:

Less than a high school diploma ........ 9.93 1.14 2.20 .75 .42 .26 2.59 5 ( ) .31 

High school graduates, no college 3 ... 9.30 1.26 2.10 .83 .52 .33 3.56 .08 .28 

Some college or associate degree ..... 9.12 1.25 1.98 .90 .65 .27 4.14 .17 .32 Bachelor’s degree and higher 4 .......... 8.83 1.41 1.87 .91 .78 .24 4.71 .20 .38 

 1 Primary activities are those respondents identify as their main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. 2 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. 3 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 4 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

5 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.

NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race, and, therefore

as by race.
Table 4. Average hours worked per day at all jobs by employed persons on weekdays and weekend days by selected

characteristics, 2004 annual averages(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Employed persons

Total

employed

Worked on an average day Worked on an average weekday Worked on an 

Sunday, 

Number Percent Hours per day 2 Number 3 Percent Hours per day 2 Number 4 P

Full- and part-time status and sex

Total, 15 years and over 5 ........................................ 145,279 98,665 67.9 7.63 120,437 82.9 7.93 47,732  Full-time workers ................................................... 112,274 80,678 71.9 8.08 99,865 88.9 8.45 37,271  Part-time workers .................................................. 33,005 17,987 54.5 5.58 20,863 63.2 5.58 10,418  Men 5 ....................................................................... 76,709 54,106 70.5 8.02 66,282 86.4 8.38 26,788 

 Full-time workers ................................................... 66,283 47,978 72.4 8.28 59,414 89.6 8.67 22,812  Part-time workers .................................................. 10,426 6,128 58.8 6.02 6,959 66.7 5.95 4,012  Women 5 .................................................................. 68,570 44,560 65.0 7.15 54,226 79.1 7.41 20,841 

 Full-time workers ................................................... 45,991 32,701 71.1 7.80 40,461 88.0 8.13 14,419  Part-time workers .................................................. 22,579 11,859 52.5 5.35 13,909 61.6 5.39 6,381 

Multiple jobholding status

Single jobholders ...................................................... 131,273 87,166 66.4 7.58 107,771 82.1 7.85 39,226 Multiple jobholders .................................................... 14,005 11,499 82.1 8.02 12,648 90.3 8.66 8,667 

Educational attainment, 25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma .............................. 10,212 6,936 67.9 8.03 8,959 87.7 8.09 3,350 High school graduates, no college 6 ......................... 37,091 25,716 69.3 7.86 31,399 84.7 8.03 12,231 

Some college or associate degree ........................... 32,455 22,203 68.4 7.70 27,391 84.4 8.04 9,705 Bachelor’s degree and higher 7 ................................ 43,193 31,290 72.4 7.60 37,936 87.8 8.08 14,704 

 1 Holidays are New Year’s Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. In 2004, data were not collected about Th 2 Includes work at main and other job(s), and excludes travel related to work. 3 Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average weekday. 4 Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday. 5 Includes workers whose hours vary. 6 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 7 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.
Table 5. Average hours worked per day at main job only by employed persons on weekdays and weekend days by se

characteristics, 2004 annual averages(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Employed persons

Total

employed

Worked on an average day Worked on an average weekday Worked on an 

Sunday, 

Number Percent Hours per day 2 Number 3 Percent Hours per day 2 Number 4 P

Class of worker (main job only)

Wage and salary workers ......................................... 134,445 89,336 66.4 7.61 110,710 82.3 7.87 39,605 Self-employed workers ............................................. 10,664 7,914 74.2 6.75 9,024 84.6 7.16 5,086 

Occupation (main job only)

Management, business, and financial operations .... 21,538 16,266 75.5 7.72 19,745 91.7 8.15 7,182 Professional and related ........................................... 31,739 21,408 67.5 7.53 26,352 83.0 7.90 9,096 Services .................................................................... 24,295 14,693 60.5 7.04 16,648 68.5 7.10 9,904 Sales and related ...................................................... 14,967 10,000 66.8 7.04 11,582 77.4 7.36 6,326 Office and administrative support ............................. 19,816 12,784 64.5 7.23 16,947 85.5 7.40 3,634 Farming, fishing, and forestry ................................... 1,296 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 

Construction and extraction ...................................... 8,606 5,814 67.6 8.10 7,769 90.3 8.32 1,664 Installation, maintenance, and repair ........................ 5,383 3,711 68.9 7.83 4,778 88.8 8.00 6 ( ) Production ................................................................ 9,826 6,536 66.5 8.28 8,317 84.6 8.45 2,561 Transportation and material moving ......................... 7,812 5,164 66.1 8.17 6,641 85.0 8.42 2,628 

Earnings of full time wage and salary workers

(main job only) 5

0 - $450 .................................................................... 26,711 17,976 67.3 7.85 22,481 84.2 7.97 8,045 $451 - $675 .............................................................. 24,596 17,159 69.8 8.04 22,193 90.2 8.33 6,140 $676 - $1,050 ........................................................... 24,857 17,643 71.0 8.04 22,216 89.4 8.34 7,142 $1,051 and higher ..................................................... 25,313 18,207 71.9 8.06 22,577 89.2 8.51 7,803 

 1 Holidays are New Year’s Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. In 2004, data were not collected about Th 2 Includes work at main job only, and excludes travel related to work. 3 Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average weekday. 4 Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday. 5 These values are based on usual weekly earnings. Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers. 6 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.

NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over.
Table 6. Average hours worked per day at all jobs by employed persons at workplace or home by selected character

annual averages(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Total employed

Employed persons who reported working on the diary day 1

Number Percent Hours of work

Location of work 2

Persons who reported working at

workplace on diary day

Persons who 

home on 

Number Percent

Hours of

work at

workplace

Number P

Full- and part-time status and sex

Total, 15 years and over 4 ........................................ 145,279 98,665 67.9 7.63 85,822 87.0 7.86 19,155  Full-time workers ................................................... 112,274 80,678 71.9 8.08 71,472 88.6 8.22 15,296  Part-time workers .................................................. 33,005 17,987 54.5 5.58 14,350 79.8 6.06 3,858  Men 4 ....................................................................... 76,709 54,106 70.5 8.02 47,478 87.7 8.16 10,373 

 Full-time workers ................................................... 66,283 47,978 72.4 8.28 42,498 88.6 8.38 9,277  Part-time workers .................................................. 10,426 6,128 58.8 6.02 4,979 81.3 6.30 1,096  Women 4 .................................................................. 68,570 44,560 65.0 7.15 38,344 86.1 7.49 8,781 

 Full-time workers ................................................... 45,991 32,701 71.1 7.80 28,974 88.6 7.99 6,019  Part-time workers .................................................. 22,579 11,859 52.5 5.35 9,370 79.0 5.94 2,762 

Multiple jobholding status

Single jobholders ...................................................... 131,273 87,166 66.4 7.58 76,245 87.5 7.82 15,576 Multiple jobholders .................................................... 14,005 11,499 82.1 8.02 9,577 83.3 8.17 3,579 

Educational attainment, 25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma .............................. 10,212 6,936 67.9 8.03 6,571 94.7 8.11 7 ( ) 

High school graduates, no college 5 ......................... 37,091 25,716 69.3 7.86 23,442 91.2 7.97 3,241 

Some college or associate degree ........................... 32,455 22,203 68.4 7.70 19,470 87.7 7.99 4,249 Bachelor’s degree and higher 6 ................................ 43,193 31,290 72.4 7.60 24,694 78.9 7.98 10,378 

 1 Includes work at main and other job(s) and at locations other than home or workplace. Excludes travel related to work. 2 Respondents can report working at more than one location during the diary day. 3 "Working at home" includes any time the respondent reported doing activities that were identified as "part of one’s job," and is not restricted to persons whose usual wo 4 Includes workers whose hours vary. 5 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 6 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. 7 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.

NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to respondents 15 years and over.
Table 7. Average hours worked per day at main job only by employed persons at workplace or home by selected cha

2004 annual averages(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Total employed

Employed persons who reported working on the diary day 1

Number Percent Hours of work

Location of work 2

Persons who reported working at

workplace on diary day

Persons who 

home on 

Number Percent

Hours of

work at

workplace

Number P

Class of worker (main job only)

Wage and salary workers ......................................... 134,445 89,336 66.4 7.61 80,041 89.6 7.82 13,795 Self-employed workers ............................................. 10,664 7,914 74.2 6.75 4,735 59.8 7.37 3,829 

Occupation (main job only)

Management, business, and financial operations .... 21,538 16,266 75.5 7.72 13,003 79.9 8.26 4,302 Professional and related ........................................... 31,739 21,408 67.5 7.53 17,510 81.8 7.84 6,067 Services .................................................................... 24,295 14,693 60.5 7.04 13,573 92.4 7.23 1,437 Sales and related ...................................................... 14,967 10,000 66.8 7.04 8,406 84.1 7.36 2,391 Office and administrative support ............................. 19,816 12,784 64.5 7.23 11,625 90.9 7.44 1,345 Farming, fishing, and forestry ................................... 1,296 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 

Construction and extraction ...................................... 8,606 5,814 67.6 8.10 5,327 91.6 8.27 5 ( ) Installation, maintenance, and repair ........................ 5,383 3,711 68.9 7.83 3,483 93.9 7.99 5 ( ) Production ................................................................ 9,826 6,536 66.5 8.28 6,252 95.7 8.35 5 ( ) Transportation and material moving ......................... 7,812 5,164 66.1 8.17 4,928 95.4 8.11 5 ( ) 

Earnings of full time wage and salary workers

(main job only) 4

0 - $450 .................................................................... 26,711 17,976 67.3 7.85 17,151 95.4 7.90 1,065 $451 - $675 .............................................................. 24,596 17,159 69.8 8.04 16,048 93.5 8.19 1,730 $676 - $1,050 ........................................................... 24,857 17,643 71.0 8.04 16,249 92.1 8.18 2,614 $1,051 and higher ..................................................... 25,313 18,207 71.9 8.06 15,199 83.5 8.42 4,933 

 1 Includes work at main and other job(s) and at locations other than home or workplace. Excludes travel related to work. 2 Respondents can report working at more than one location during the diary day. 3 "Working at home" includes any time the respondent reported doing activities that were identified as "part of one’s job," and is not restricted to persons whose usual wo 4 These values are based on usual weekly earnings. Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers. 5 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.

NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to respondents 15 years and over.
Table 8. Average hours per day spent in primary activities 1 for the total population ages 18 years and older by activit

category, employment status, presence and age of household children, and sex, 2004 annual averages

Total

Activity

Hours per day spent in primary activities

Household children under 6 Household children 6-17 No household children 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men 

Total, all activities 2 ......................................................... 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 

 Personal care activities ................................................. 9.13 8.86 9.36 9.11 8.97 9.23 9.37 9.17  Sleeping ..................................................................... 8.45 8.24 8.64 8.30 8.24 8.36 8.57 8.54  Eating and drinking ....................................................... 1.14 1.23 1.06 1.15 1.27 1.05 1.34 1.39  Household activities ...................................................... 1.94 1.24 2.54 1.94 1.36 2.41 1.86 1.45  Housework ................................................................. .72 .22 1.15 .67 .22 1.03 .57 .24  Food preparation and cleanup ................................... .67 .29 .99 .60 .27 .86 .48 .26  Lawn and garden care ............................................... .16 .24 .09 .15 .19 .12 .24 .30  Household management ........................................... .11 .09 .14 .12 .10 .14 .16 .13  Purchasing goods and services .................................... .85 .72 .96 .86 .59 1.06 .82 .69  Consumer goods purchases ...................................... .47 .38 .56 .44 .29 .57 .39 .30  Professional and personal care services ................... .07 .06 .08 .07 .04 .10 .11 .09  Caring for and helping household members ................. 2.11 1.28 2.82 .84 .57 1.05 .08 .07  Caring for and helping household children ................ 1.84 1.11 2.46 .63 .41 .81 – –  Caring for and helping non-household members ......... .18 .19 .17 .23 .22 .23 .33 .28  Caring for and helping non-household adults ............ .09 .10 .08 .10 .09 .11 .12 .13  Working and work-related activities .............................. 3.99 5.63 2.59 4.60 5.52 3.87 3.55 4.11  Working ..................................................................... 3.62 5.11 2.34 4.19 5.02 3.53 3.23 3.73  Educational activities .................................................... .20 3 ( ) .23 .34 .26 .40 .26 .25 

 Attending class .......................................................... .10 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .18 3 ( ) .22 .12 .12 

 Homework and research ........................................... .08 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .11 3 ( ) .13 .11 .10  Organizational, civic, and religious activities ................ .26 .28 .24 .40 .46 .35 .30 .23  Religious and spiritual activities ................................. .13 .15 .12 .14 .18 .11 .12 .10  Volunteering (organizational and civic activities) ....... .09 .09 .09 .21 .22 .19 .14 .10  Leisure and sports ........................................................ 4.01 4.28 3.77 4.30 4.58 4.08 5.72 6.09  Socializing and communicating ................................. .75 .73 .76 .71 .70 .72 .74 .68  Watching television .................................................... 2.09 2.18 2.02 2.17 2.32 2.05 2.99 3.26  Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation ........ .25 .37 .14 .27 .35 .20 .27 .36  Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail ................................. .10 .06 .14 .12 .08 .15 .21 .12  Other activities, not elsewhere classified ...................... .11 .07 .13 .12 .12 .11 .15 .14 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Average hours per day spent in primary activities 1 for the total population ages 18 years and older by activit

category, employment status, presence and age of household children, and sex, 2004 annual averages — Continued

Employed

Activity

Hours per day spent in primary activities

Household children under 6 Household children 6-17 No household children 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men 

Total, all activities 2 ......................................................... 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 

 Personal care activities ................................................. 8.86 8.65 9.14 8.94 8.83 9.04 9.02 8.92  Sleeping ..................................................................... 8.18 8.05 8.35 8.12 8.09 8.15 8.23 8.27  Eating and drinking ....................................................... 1.15 1.23 1.04 1.17 1.27 1.06 1.29 1.34  Household activities ...................................................... 1.53 1.14 2.03 1.66 1.30 2.01 1.43 1.15  Housework ................................................................. .51 .22 .89 .51 .18 .83 .41 .20  Food preparation and cleanup ................................... .49 .27 .77 .48 .25 .72 .36 .20  Lawn and garden care ............................................... .17 .24 .08 .15 .18 .12 .17 .20  Household management ........................................... .10 .07 .14 .12 .11 .14 .12 .11  Purchasing goods and services .................................... .84 .75 .96 .76 .57 .95 .76 .61  Consumer goods purchases ...................................... .46 .40 .54 .39 .28 .50 .37 .28  Professional and personal care services ................... .07 .05 .08 .06 .03 .09 .07 .04  Caring for and helping household members ................. 1.82 1.25 2.55 .73 .53 .92 .06 .06  Caring for and helping household children ................ 1.58 1.10 2.19 .53 .37 .69 – –  Caring for and helping non-household members ......... .15 .16 .13 .18 .17 .19 .31 .28  Caring for and helping non-household adults ............ .07 .09 .05 .08 .09 .08 .12 .14  Working and work-related activities .............................. 5.37 6.29 4.19 5.83 6.34 5.33 5.85 6.25  Working ..................................................................... 4.91 5.73 3.87 5.37 5.82 4.93 5.38 5.74  Educational activities .................................................... .17 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .25 3 ( ) .32 .24 .20 

 Attending class .......................................................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .14 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .13 .11  Homework and research ........................................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .08 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .09 3 ( ) 

 Organizational, civic, and religious activities ................ .22 .22 .21 .36 .42 .31 .21 .16  Religious and spiritual activities ................................. .11 .11 .10 .12 .14 .10 .09 .08  Volunteering (organizational and civic activities) ....... .08 .09 .08 .19 .22 .17 .09 .06  Leisure and sports ........................................................ 3.70 4.08 3.22 3.90 4.19 3.62 4.52 4.83  Socializing and communicating ................................. .68 .70 .66 .65 .65 .65 .67 .60  Watching television .................................................... 1.89 2.07 1.66 1.94 2.08 1.81 2.29 2.57  Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation ........ .27 .38 .13 .27 .34 .19 .26 .32  Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail ................................. .09 .05 .13 .10 .07 .14 .17 .10  Other activities, not elsewhere classified ...................... .10 .08 .13 .11 .13 .10 .11 .10 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Average hours per day spent in primary activities 1 for the total population ages 18 years and older by activit

category, employment status, presence and age of household children, and sex, 2004 annual averages — Continued

Not employed

Activity

Hours per day spent in primary activities

Household children under 6 Household children 6-17 No household children 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men 

Total, all activities 2 ......................................................... 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 

 Personal care activities ................................................. 9.85 10.57 9.68 9.74 9.86 9.70 9.89 9.66  Sleeping ..................................................................... 9.20 9.79 9.07 8.95 9.15 8.88 9.07 9.04  Eating and drinking ....................................................... 1.10 1.17 1.08 1.07 1.22 1.02 1.41 1.47  Household activities ...................................................... 3.07 2.09 3.29 2.92 1.72 3.38 2.52 2.00  Housework ................................................................. 1.29 3 ( ) 1.52 1.23 3 ( ) 1.53 .82 .32 

 Food preparation and cleanup ................................... 1.15 .47 1.30 1.01 .45 1.22 .68 .38  Lawn and garden care ............................................... .14 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .15 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .35 .49  Household management ........................................... .15 3 ( ) .13 .11 3 ( ) .13 .21 .16  Purchasing goods and services .................................... .87 3 ( ) .97 1.18 .75 1.34 .92 .86 

 Consumer goods purchases ...................................... .51 3 ( ) .58 .62 .35 .73 .42 .35  Professional and personal care services ................... .08 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .12 3 ( ) .13 .16 .16 

 Caring for and helping household members ................. 2.90 1.55 3.21 1.23 .84 1.38 .09 .08  Caring for and helping household children ................ 2.56 1.21 2.87 .97 .66 1.10 – –  Caring for and helping non-household members ......... .25 3 ( ) .22 .39 3 ( ) .33 .35 .29  Caring for and helping non-household adults ............ .12 3 ( ) .12 .17 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .12 .12  Working and work-related activities .............................. 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .08 3 ( ) 

 Working ..................................................................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )  Educational activities .................................................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .64 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .29 .33 

 Attending class .......................................................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .12 3 ( ) 

 Homework and research ........................................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .14 3 ( ) 

 Organizational, civic, and religious activities ................ .38 3 ( ) .30 .52 3 ( ) .44 .43 .36 

 Religious and spiritual activities ................................. .20 3 ( ) .14 .21 3 ( ) .14 .16 .13  Volunteering (organizational and civic activities) ....... .12 3 ( ) 3 ( ) .24 3 ( ) .25 .22 .18  Leisure and sports ........................................................ 4.84 5.96 4.59 5.72 6.98 5.23 7.53 8.43  Socializing and communicating ................................. .92 3 ( ) .91 .92 .98 .90 .85 .84 

 Watching television .................................................... 2.64 3.04 2.54 2.97 3.84 2.64 4.06 4.54  Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation ........ .18 3 ( ) .14 .27 3 ( ) .22 .29 .44 

 Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail ................................. .14 3 ( ) .14 .17 3 ( ) .18 .28 .17  Other activities, not elsewhere classified ...................... .12 3 ( ) .14 .13 3 ( ) .14 .21 .23 

 1 Primary activities are those respondents identify as their main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. 2 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions.

3 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.

– Data not available.
Table 9. Average hours per day spent by persons 18 years and over caring for household children

under 18 years, by sex of respondent and age of youngest household child, 2004 annual averages

Childcare activities

Hours per day spent caring for household children

Total Men Women

Persons in households with children under 18, total:

Caring for household children as a primary activity ................................ 1.34 0.84 1.76

Physical care ........................................................................................ .47 .22 .67Education-related activities ................................................................... .10 .06 .13Reading to/with children ....................................................................... .04 .02 .05Talking to/with children ......................................................................... .05 .02 .07Playing/doing hobbies with children ..................................................... .26 .23 .29Looking after children ........................................................................... .08 .06 .11Attending children’s events ................................................................... .06 .05 .06Travel related to care of household children ........................................ .17 .10 .23Other childcare activities ...................................................................... .12 .06 .17Persons in households with youngest child 6 to 17 years:

Caring for household children as a primary activity ............................ .79 .52 1.00

Physical care .................................................................................... .15 .06 .23Education-related activities ............................................................... .12 .07 .16Reading to/with children ................................................................... .02 1 ( ) .03

Talking to/with children ..................................................................... .06 .03 .09Playing/doing hobbies with children ................................................. .06 .08 .04Looking after children ....................................................................... .05 1 ( ) .06Attending children’s events ............................................................... .08 .07 .08Travel related to care of household children .................................... .15 .11 .19Other childcare activities .................................................................. .10 .06 .12

Persons in households with youngest child under 6:

Caring for household children as a primary activity ............................ 2.02 1.21 2.73

Physical care .................................................................................... .85 .41 1.22Education-related activities ............................................................... .07 1 ( ) .10Reading to/with children ................................................................... .06 .04 .08Talking to/with children ..................................................................... .03 1 ( ) .04Playing/doing hobbies with children ................................................. .51 .41 .60Looking after children ....................................................................... .13 .09 .16Attending children’s events ............................................................... .04 1 ( ) .04Travel related to care of household children .................................... .19 .09 .27Other childcare activities .................................................................. .15 .07 .22

1 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.

NOTE: Universe includes respondents 18 years and over living in households with children under 18 years, even if they did not report doing

childcare on the diary day.
Table 10. Average hours per day spent by persons 18 years and over caring for household children

under 13 as a secondary activity, by sex of respondent and age of youngest child, 2004 annual averages

Childcare activities 1

Hours per day spent caring for household children 2

Total Men Women

Persons in households with children under 13, total .............................................. 5.22 4.17 6.11

Caring for household children as a secondary activity in conjunction with:

Personal care activities ..................................................................................... .28 .22 .33Household activities .......................................................................................... 1.21 .67 1.67Purchasing goods and services ........................................................................ .42 .28 .54Working and work-related activities .................................................................. .20 .15 .24Eating and drinking ........................................................................................... .63 .57 .69Leisure and sports ............................................................................................ 2.07 1.95 2.17Other activities .................................................................................................. .42 .34 .48Persons in households with children 6 to 12, total ........................................... 4.82 3.94 5.55

Caring for household children as a secondary activity in conjunction with:

Personal care activities ................................................................................. .30 .26 .33Household activities ...................................................................................... 1.07 .66 1.40Purchasing goods and services .................................................................... .32 .18 .43Working and work-related activities .............................................................. .23 .16 .29Eating and drinking ....................................................................................... .54 .52 .57Leisure and sports ........................................................................................ 1.96 1.82 2.08Other activities .............................................................................................. .40 .34 .45

Persons in households with children under 6, total .......................................... 5.52 4.34 6.53

Caring for household children as a secondary activity in conjunction with:

Personal care activities ................................................................................. .26 .19 .33Household activities ...................................................................................... 1.32 .67 1.87Purchasing goods and services .................................................................... .49 .34 .61Working and work-related activities .............................................................. .18 .14 .21Eating and drinking ....................................................................................... .70 .60 .77Leisure and sports ........................................................................................ 2.15 2.04 2.24Other activities .............................................................................................. .43 .34 .51

 1 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. 2 Secondary childcare time is defined as time one has a child under 13 "in his or her care" while doing something else as a main activity; information on

secondary childcare is not collected for children over 12 years. Estimates include a small amount of care provided to own, non-household children.

NOTE: Universe includes all respondents 18 years and over living in households with children under 13 years, even if they did not report doing any

childcare on the diary day.
Table 11. Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities for the total population by selected characteris

averages

Characteristic

Hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities

Total, all leisure and

sports activities

Participating in

sports,

exercise, and

recreation

Socializing andcommunicating Watching TV Reading Relaxing/ thinking P

a

u

Total,

all

days

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays 2

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays 2

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays 2

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays 2

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays 2

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays 2

W

d

Sex

Men ....................................................... 5.56 5.00 6.86 0.35 0.52 0.56 1.04 2.61 3.43 0.30 0.37 0.31 0.29 Women ................................................. 4.82 4.45 5.71 .20 .19 .61 1.21 2.36 2.62 .42 .49 .28 .26 

Age

Total, 15 years and over ....................... 5.18 4.71 6.28 .27 .35 .59 1.13 2.48 3.02 .36 .43 .29 .28  15 to 24 years .................................... 5.68 5.26 6.62 .50 .57 .81 1.27 2.36 2.77 .12 .13 .20 .21  25 to 34 years .................................... 4.40 3.63 5.93 .18 .46 .55 1.27 2.02 2.78 .16 .17 .17 .20  35 to 44 years .................................... 4.15 3.59 5.55 .25 .28 .46 1.14 1.94 2.67 .22 .30 .23 .23  45 to 54 years .................................... 4.51 3.99 5.77 .21 .28 .48 1.00 2.18 2.89 .30 .47 .24 .27  55 to 64 years .................................... 5.45 5.04 6.56 .21 .28 .59 .99 2.79 3.32 .53 .66 .31 .29  65 years and over .............................. 7.31 7.17 7.68 .27 .17 .65 1.00 3.82 4.04 .95 1.11 .64 .53 

Race and Hispanic or Latino

ethnicity

White .................................................... 5.14 4.67 6.30 .28 .37 .59 1.15 2.40 2.94 .39 .47 .27 .26 Black or African American .................... 5.65 5.35 6.23 .23 .16 .58 .95 3.15 3.62 .26 .24 .52 .39 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ................... 4.81 4.24 5.85 .25 .41 .57 1.24 2.41 2.95 .21 .15 .27 .19 

Employment status

Employed .............................................. 4.24 3.61 5.73 .23 .37 .50 1.09 1.87 2.71 .23 .33 .20 .22  Full-time workers ............................... 4.07 3.33 5.74 .22 .37 .43 1.07 1.79 2.78 .21 .32 .20 .23  Part-time workers .............................. 4.83 4.52 5.67 .27 .38 .72 1.17 2.16 2.42 .30 .35 .21 .19 Not employed ....................................... 6.82 6.64 7.29 .34 .32 .74 1.19 3.53 3.59 .59 .62 .45 .38 

Earnings of full time wage and

salary workers 3

0 - $450 ................................................ 4.21 3.56 5.64 .21 .32 .45 1.09 2.04 2.80 .13 .21 .26 .28 $451 - $675 .......................................... 4.21 3.42 5.96 .11 .37 .44 1.00 1.95 3.13 .19 .25 .21 .20 $676 - $1,050 ....................................... 4.17 3.45 5.82 .23 .31 .47 1.14 1.80 2.98 .28 .32 .21 .23 $1,051 and higher ................................. 3.84 3.05 5.70 .32 .45 .40 1.15 1.40 2.30 .26 .49 .14 .23 See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities for the total population by selected characteris

averages — Continued

Characteristic

Hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities

Total, all leisure and

sports activities

Participating in

sports,

exercise, and

recreation

Socializing andcommunicating Watching TV Reading Relaxing/ thinking P

a

u

Total,

all

days

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays 2

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays 2

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays 2

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays 2

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays 2

Weekdays

Weekends

and

holidays 2

W

d

Presence and age of children

No household children under 18 ........... 5.74 5.32 6.75 0.27 0.33 0.59 1.13 2.84 3.27 0.47 0.57 0.36 0.32 Household children under 18 ................ 4.35 3.79 5.62 .28 .38 .59 1.12 1.93 2.67 .20 .23 .20 .22  Children 13 to 17 years, none

younger ........................................... 4.62 4.03 6.24 .32 .41 .60 1.10 1.91 2.78 .21 .32 .21 .30 

 Children 6 to 12 years, none

younger ........................................... 4.50 3.91 5.81 .34 .40 .58 1.15 1.97 2.77 .23 .25 .21 .21 

 Youngest child under 6 years ............ 4.06 3.54 5.17 .21 .36 .59 1.11 1.91 2.54 .16 .16 .18 .19 

Marital status and sex

Married, spouse present ....................... 4.77 4.30 5.92 .24 .31 .55 1.12 2.28 2.88 .38 .48 .29 .27  Men .................................................... 5.09 4.50 6.47 .29 .43 .50 1.08 2.46 3.32 .34 .43 .31 .30  Women .............................................. 4.45 4.11 5.33 .19 .18 .60 1.16 2.12 2.40 .43 .53 .27 .24 Other marital statuses .......................... 5.68 5.24 6.70 .31 .40 .64 1.14 2.72 3.18 .34 .38 .30 .28  Men .................................................... 6.19 5.68 7.37 .43 .64 .65 .99 2.80 3.56 .25 .29 .30 .29  Women .............................................. 5.24 4.86 6.12 .21 .20 .62 1.27 2.66 2.86 .41 .45 .29 .28 

Educational attainment, 25 years

and over

Less than a high school diploma .......... 6.13 5.91 6.57 .15 .21 .59 1.11 3.72 3.85 .34 .32 .63 .51 High school graduates, no college 4 ..... 5.45 5.07 6.38 .18 .29 .56 1.09 2.95 3.37 .39 .39 .38 .35 

Some college or associate degree ....... 4.89 4.37 6.16 .20 .30 .52 1.03 2.32 3.03 .42 .51 .24 .22 Bachelor’s degree and higher 5 ............ 4.33 3.73 5.85 .32 .37 .51 1.16 1.67 2.39 .46 .70 .17 .18 

 1 Includes other leisure and sports activities, not elsewhere classified, and travel related to leisure and sports activities. 2 Holidays are New Year’s Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. In 2004, data were not collected about Th 3 These values are based on usual weekly earnings. Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers. 4 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 5 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to respondents 15 years and over. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, theref

as well as by race.
Table 12. Average hours per day spent in primary activities 1 for the total population by activity category, 2003 and 20

(Not seasonally adjusted)

Activity

Quarterly averages 

I II III IV

2003 r 2004 2003 r 2004 2003 r 2004 2003 r 2004

Total, all activities 2 ......................................................... 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 

 Personal care activities ................................................. 9.39 9.43 9.27 9.34 9.35 9.33 9.36 9.27  Sleeping ..................................................................... 8.65 8.64 8.49 8.59 8.53 8.54 8.60 8.47  Eating and drinking ....................................................... 1.14 1.24 1.26 1.29 1.21 1.25 1.22 1.19  Household activities ...................................................... 1.73 1.74 1.92 1.90 1.88 1.88 1.81 1.70  Housework ................................................................. .63 .59 .60 .61 .60 .61 .63 .56  Food preparation and cleanup ................................... .56 .56 .52 .49 .52 .50 .53 .50  Lawn and garden care ............................................... .08 .08 .34 .31 .26 .26 .12 .14  Household management ........................................... .12 .13 .13 .15 .13 .13 .15 .14  Purchasing goods and services .................................... .76 .78 .82 .78 .82 .81 .84 .88  Consumer purchases ................................................ .37 .38 .39 .37 .38 .40 .46 .47  Professional and personal care services ................... .10 .09 .10 .09 .10 .08 .08 .09  Caring for and helping household members ................. .56 .56 .52 .54 .52 .56 .61 .58  Caring for and helping household children ................ .44 .43 .39 .41 .37 .44 .47 .42  Caring for and helping non-household members ......... .24 .23 .31 .31 .31 .29 .29 .26  Caring for and helping non-household adults ............ .09 .08 .12 .11 .12 .14 .10 .08  Working and work-related activities .............................. 3.60 3.45 3.81 3.76 3.75 3.64 3.57 3.75  Working ..................................................................... 3.25 3.10 3.43 3.43 3.38 3.28 3.23 3.44  Educational activities .................................................... .56 .66 .43 .45 .33 .28 .58 .60  Attending class .......................................................... .35 .42 .26 .28 .18 .16 .36 .38  Homework and research ........................................... .15 .19 .12 .13 .10 .08 .17 .17  Organizational, civic, and religious activities ................ .30 .33 .31 .33 .33 .31 .34 .30  Religious and spiritual activities ................................. .14 .12 .13 .13 .16 .13 .14 .11  Volunteering (organizational and civic activities) ....... .12 .16 .14 .16 .14 .14 .16 .14  Leisure and sports ........................................................ 5.26 5.23 4.99 4.97 5.13 5.35 5.06 5.15  Socializing and communicating ................................. .71 .65 .83 .76 .85 .87 .73 .72  Watching television .................................................... 2.84 2.83 2.39 2.43 2.40 2.54 2.63 2.76  Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation ........ .26 .25 .29 .32 .38 .32 .26 .29  Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail ................................. .20 .19 .17 .19 .19 .16 .19 .19  Other activities, not elsewhere classified ...................... .26 .17 .18 .14 .19 .13 .13 .12 

 1 Primary activities are those respondents identify as their main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. 2 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions.

 r = revised. Estimates for 2003 have been revised to reflect the use of new weights. See the Technical Note for additional information.

NOTE: Data refer to respondents 15 years and over.