Technical information:  (202) 691-6569     USDL 05-877
               http://www.bls.gov/oes/
                                           For release:  10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact:                691-5902     Thursday, May 26, 2005


                OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES, MAY 2004

   Retail salespersons and cashiers were the two largest occupations in
the United States in May 2004, with about 4.1 and 3.4 million wage and
salary workers, respectively, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics
of the U.S. Department of Labor.  Other occupations with more than 2 mil-
lion workers were general office clerks; hand laborers and material movers;
registered nurses; waiters and waitresses; combined food preparation and ser-
ving workers, including fast food; janitors and cleaners, except maids and
housekeeping cleaners; and customer service representatives.  Among these
large occupations, registered nurses had the highest average hourly earn-
ings--$26.06.  For the other large occupations, average hourly earnings
ranged from $7.40 for combined food preparation and serving workers, includ-
ing fast food to $14.01 for customer service representatives.  (See table 1.)

   Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations such as specialist
physicians and dentists accounted for 13 out of the 15 highest-paying
detailed occupations in May 2004.  The average hourly wages for these
health-related occupations ranged from $87.31 for surgeons to $62.64 for
dentists, all other specialists.  The lowest-paying occupation was fast
food cooks, who earned $7.33 per hour.  Five of the six lowest-paying
occupations were related to food preparation and serving.
   
   These statistics are from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES)
survey, a federal-state cooperative program between BLS and State Workforce
Agencies.  The OES survey provides estimates of employment and hourly and an-
nual wages for wage and salary workers in 22 major occupational groups and
in 801 detailed occupations.

   Management and legal occupational groups were the highest paying of the
22 major occupational groups.  Over 30 percent of the workers in these oc-
cupational groups earned more than $43.75 per hour.  (See table A.)  The
major occupational group with the highest employment level in May 2004 was
office and administrative support workers, followed by sales and related
workers, food preparation and serving workers, and production workers.
   
   The major occupational groups with the lowest average wages were food
preparation and serving related; farming, fishing, and forestry; building
and grounds cleaning and maintenance; and personal care and service.  At
least 40 percent of all workers in each of these groups earned less than
$8.50 per hour.
   
                                  - 2 -

Table A.  Employment distribution by wage range and major occupational group,
May 2004

(Percent distribution)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |                           Wage range
      Major      |--------------------------------------------------------------
   occupational  |Under|$8.50 |$10.75|$13.50|$17.00|$21.50|$27.25|$34.50| Over  
      group      |$8.50|   to |   to |   to |   to |   to |   to |   to |$43.75                                                  
                 |     |$10.74|$13.49|$16.99|$21.49|$27.24|$34.49|$43.74|       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Management.......|  1.3|   1.0|   2.4|   5.0|   8.6|  13.2|  15.9|  17.4|  35.2
Business and     |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  financial      |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  operations.....|  1.6|   2.0|   5.2|  11.8|  18.9|  21.6|  17.8|  11.6|   9.5
Computer and     |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  mathematical...|   .6|   1.2|   3.1|   6.6|  12.0|  17.8|  21.8|  20.5|  16.4
Architecture and |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  engineering....|   .5|   1.5|   3.9|   7.8|  13.7|  20.3|  21.1|  18.2|  13.1
Life, physical,  |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and social     |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  science .......|  1.6|   3.5|   7.5|  12.5|  17.1|  18.5|  16.1|  12.0|  11.3
Community and    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  social         |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  services.......|  6.4|  10.4|  17.4|  21.2|  19.3|  14.2|   7.5|   2.7|    .8
Legal............|  1.1|   2.1|   5.1|  10.3|  14.1|  13.8|  11.1|  11.0|  31.3
Education, train-|     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  ing, and li-   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  brary..........| 10.6|   8.6|   9.7|  14.4|  18.8|  17.0|  11.7|   5.4|   3.7
Arts, design,    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  entertainment, |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  sports, and    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  media..........| 12.1|   9.8|  11.8|  14.8|  15.8|  13.8|   9.6|   6.1|   6.2
Healthcare       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  practitioner   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and technical..|  2.1|   4.6|   7.7|  11.9|  18.7|  21.1|  14.6|   8.1|  11.1
Healthcare       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  support........| 23.2|  31.1|  24.2|  14.0|   5.5|   1.5|    .4|    .1|     -
Protective       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  service........| 15.6|  14.9|  14.6|  14.9|  13.7|  13.1|   8.3|   3.6|   1.2
Food preparation |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and serving    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  related........| 65.6|  18.1|   9.2|   4.3|   1.9|    .6|    .2|    .1|     -
Building and     |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  grounds clean- |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  ing and        |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  maintenance....| 40.4|  25.2|  16.7|   9.9|   5.4|   1.8|    .5|    .1|     -
Personal care    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and service....| 47.5|  22.8|  12.2|   7.5|   4.8|   2.7|   1.3|    .7|    .6
Sales and        |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  related........| 34.5|  17.1|  11.6|   9.6|   8.3|   6.6|   4.6|   3.2|   4.5
Office and       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
administrative   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  support........| 13.7|  18.9|  22.7|  20.1|  14.6|   7.0|   2.1|    .7|    .3
Farming, fishing,|     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and forestry...| 56.3|  18.0|  11.0|   7.1|   4.3|   2.1|    .8|    .3|    .1
Construction and |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  extraction.....|  6.3|  11.7|  16.5|  18.8|  17.9|  14.8|   9.5|   3.6|   1.0
Installation,    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  maintenance,   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and repair.....|  6.5|  10.0|  14.6|  19.4|  21.3|  17.2|   8.1|   2.3|    .7
Production.......| 16.5|  19.3|  20.3|  18.2|  12.8|   8.5|   3.1|    .9|    .2
Transportation   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and material   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  moving.........| 25.2|  19.3|  18.1|  15.4|  11.6|   6.3|   2.2|    .8|   1.0 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------   

                                  - 3 -

   Major groups in which 50 percent or more of the employment was concen-
trated in the middle three wage ranges (from $13.50 mean hourly wage to
$27.24 mean hourly wage) included business and financial operations occu-
pations; community and social services occupations; education, training,
and library occupations; healthcare practitioner and technical occupations;
construction and extraction occupations; and installation, maintenance, and
repair occupations.
   
   Table 1 shows national cross-industry employment and wage estimates for
detailed occupations within each major group.  The OES program also provides
national occupational employment and wage data by detailed industry, and
cross-industry estimates for all states and 334 metropolitan areas based on
a sample of 1.2 million establishments, collecting information on over 80
million workers in six semiannual panels.  May 2004 OES data for states and
metropolitan areas and the national employment and wage data by industry
will be available on the BLS Web site in early June.





  

                                  - 4 -

Technical Note


   The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a semiannual
mail survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and
salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States.  Guam,
Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands also are surveyed, but their data are
not included in this release.  Data are collected from panels of about
200,000 establishments each in May and November.  Estimates from the pro-
gram use data collected over a 3-year (six-panel) period and are based on
a total sample of about 1.2 million establishments.  The nationwide re-
sponse rate for the May 2004 survey was 78.8 percent for establishments,
covering 72.7 percent of weighted employment.  The survey included estab-
lishments sampled in the May 2004, November 2003, May 2003, November 2002,
and 2001 panels, in addition to some certainty units from the 2000 sample.

The occupational coding system

   The OES survey uses the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB)
occupational classification system, the Standard Occupational Clas-
sification (SOC) system.  The SOC system is the first OMB-required
occupational classification system for federal agencies.  The OES
survey categorizes workers in 1 of 801 detailed occupations.  To-
gether, these detailed occupations comprise 23 major occupational
groups, one of which--military specific occupations--is not included
in the OES survey.  The major groups are as follows:

     Management occupations
     Business and financial operations occupations
     Computer and mathematical science occupations
     Architecture and engineering occupations
     Life, physical, and social science occupations
     Community and social services occupations
     Legal occupations
     Education, training, and library occupations
     Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
     Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
     Healthcare support occupations
     Protective service occupations
     Food preparation and serving related occupations
     Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
     Personal care and service occupations
     Sales and related occupations
     Office and administrative support occupations
     Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
     Construction and extraction occupations
     Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
     Production occupations
     Transportation and material moving occupations
     Military specific occupations (not surveyed in OES)

For more information about the SOC system, please see the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) Web site at http://www.bls.gov/soc.

                                  - 5 -

The industry coding system

   The OES survey uses the North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS).  For more information about NAICS, see the BLS Web site at
http://www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
   
   The OES survey includes establishments in NAICS sectors 11 (logging and
agricultural support activities only), 21, 22, 23, 31-33, 42, 44-45, 48-49,
51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 61, 62, 71, 72, 81 (except private households),
state government, and local government.  Data for the United States Postal
Service and the federal government are universe counts obtained from the
Postal Service and the Office of Personnel Management, respectively.  An
establishment is defined as an economic unit that processes goods or pro-
vides services, such as a factory, mine, or store.  The establishment is
generally at a single physical location and is engaged primarily in one
type of economic activity.
   
   The OES survey covers all full- and part-time wage and salary workers in
nonfarm industries.  The survey does not include the self-employed owners
and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid family
workers.

Survey sample

   BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support,
while the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) collect most of the data.  BLS
produces cross-industry and industry-specific estimates for the nation,
states, and metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs).  Industry estimates are
produced for the NAICS sector, 3-digit, 4-digit, and selected 5-digit in-
dustry levels.  BLS releases all cross-industry and national estimates,
and the SWAs release industry estimates at the state and MSA levels.
   
   State Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the universe from which
the OES survey draws its sample.  The employment benchmarks are obtained from
reports submitted by employers to the UI program.  Supplemental sources are
used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821) and Guam because they do not report
to the UI program.  The OES survey sample is stratified by area, industry,
and size class.  Size classes are defined based on number of employees in the
establishment as follows:

                   Size class     Number of employees
                 ____________________________________

                       1              1 to 4
                       2              5 to 9
                       3              10 to 19
                       4              20 to 49
                       5              50 to 99
                       6              100 to 249
                       7              250 and above
                 _____________________________________

   A census of federal government and the post office is taken every panel.
A census of state government and Hawaii's local government is taken every
November panel.  Units in rail transportation (NAICS 482) and hospitals
(NAICS 622) are sampled with certainty across a 3-year period.  Establish-
ments with 250 or more employees also are sampled with virtual certainty
across a 3-year period; on average, one-sixth of these are sampled in each
panel.

                                  - 6 -

Concepts
   
   Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary em-
ployment in an occupation across the industries surveyed.  The OES survey
defines employment as the number of workers who can be classified as full-
or part-time employees, including workers on paid vacations or other types
of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers,
executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily
assigned to other units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their
permanent duty station regardless of whether that unit prepares their pay-
check.
   
   The OES survey forms sent to larger establishments contain between 50 and
225 SOC occupations selected on the basis of the sampled establishment's in-
dustry classification.  To reduce paperwork and respondent burden, no survey
form contains every SOC occupation.  Thus, data for specific occupations are
collected primarily from establishments in industries that are the predomi-
nant employers of workers in those occupations.  Each survey form is struc-
tured, however, to allow a respondent to provide detailed occupational in-
formation for each worker at the establishment; that is, unlisted occupations
can be added to the survey form.  In most cases, employers with 9 or fewer
workers are sent a form with no occupations listed, and are instructed to fill
in the occupations for their workers.
   
   Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of
premium pay.  Base rate, cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed pay, haz-
ardous-duty pay, incentive pay including commissions and production bonuses,
tips, and on-call pay are included.  Excluded are back pay, jury duty pay,
overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, non-production bonuses,
employer cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
   
   The OES survey collects wage data in 12 intervals.  Employers report the
number of employees in an occupation for each wage range.  The wage intervals
used for the May 2004 survey are as follows:

--------------------------------------------------------  
            |                              
            |                  Wages
  Interval  |-------------------------------------------
            |       Hourly      |        Annual
------------|-------------------|-----------------------
Range A     | Under $6.75       | Under $14,040
Range B     | $6.75 to $8.49    | $14,040 to $17,679
Range C     | $8.50 to $10.74   | $17,680 to $22,359
Range D     | $10.75 to $13.49  | $22,360 to $28,079
Range E     | $13.50 to $16.99  | $28,080 to $35,359
Range F     | $17.00 to $21.49  | $35,360 to $44,719
Range G     | $21.50 to $27.24  | $44,720 to $56,679
Range H     | $27.25 to $34.49  | $56,680 to $71,759
Range I     | $34.50 to $43.74  | $71,760 to $90,999
Range J     | $43.75 to $55.49  | $91,000 to $115,439
Range K     | $55.50 to $69.99  | $115,440 to $145,599
Range L     | $70.00 and over   | $145,600 and over
--------------------------------------------------------

                                  - 7 - 

   Mean hourly wage.  The mean hourly wage rate for an occupation is the
total wages that all workers in the occupation earn in an hour divided by
the total employment of the occupation.  To calculate the mean hourly wage
of each occupation, total weighted hourly wages are summed across all in-
tervals and divided by the occupation's weighted survey employment.  The
mean wage for each interval is based on occupational wage data collected
by the BLS Office of Compensation and Working Conditions for the National
Compensation Survey (NCS).
   
   The mean hourly wage value for the highest wage interval, $70.00 and
over, was computed separately for each panel or annual sample (May 2004,
November 2003, May 2003, November 2002, and 2001).  The average of these
mean wage rates was used for all of the $70.00 and over data in the May
2004 survey.  The wage rates for this interval do not go through any wage
updating procedures.
   
   Percentile wage.  The p-th percentile wage range for an occupation is
the wage where p percent of all workers earn that amount or less and where
(100-p) percent of all workers earn that amount or more.  This statistic is
calculated by uniformly distributing the workers inside each wage interval,
ranking the workers from lowest paid to highest paid, and calculating the
product of the total employment for the occupation and the desired per-
centile to determine the worker that earns the p-th percentile wage rate.
   
   Annual wage.  Many employees are paid at an hourly rate by their
employers and may work more than or less than 40 hours per week.  Annual
wage estimates for most occupations in this release are calculated by
multiplying the mean hourly wage by a "year-round, full-time" figure of
2,080 hours (52 weeks by 40 hours).  Thus, annual wage estimates may not
represent the actual annual pay received by the employee if they work more
or less than 2,080 hours per year.  Some workers typically work less than
full time, year round.  For these occupations, the OES survey collects and
reports either the annual salary or the hourly wage rate, depending on how
the occupation is typically paid, but not both.  For example, teachers,
flight attendants, and pilots may be paid an annual salary, but do not work
the usual 2,080 hours per year.  In this case, an annual salary is reported.
Other workers, such as entertainment workers are paid hourly rates, but gen-
erally do not work full time, year round.  For these workers, only an hourly
wage is reported.
   
   Hourly versus annual wage reporting.  For each occupation, respondents
are asked to report the number of employees paid within specific wage
intervals.  The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the cor-
responding annual rates, where the annual rate for an occupation is cal-
culated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a typical work year of
2,080 hours.  The responding establishment can reference either the hourly
or the annual rate for full-time workers, but they are instructed to report
the hourly rate for part-time workers.

                                  - 8 -

Estimation methodology

   Each OES panel includes approximately 200,000 establishments.  While
estimates can be made with data from one panel or one year, the OES survey
is designed to produce estimates using six panels (3 years) of data.  The
full six-panel sample of 1.2 million establishments allows the production
of estimates at detailed levels of geography, industry, and occupation.
Combining six panels of data is also necessary to obtain the full com-
plement of certainty establishments.  (Note: The first semiannual panel
was in November 2002.  Prior to that, about 400,000 establishments were
surveyed annually.  Each earlier sample is a two-panel equivalent.)
   
   Wage updating.   Significant reductions in sampling errors are obtained
by combining six panels of data, particularly for small geographic areas
and occupations.  Wages for the current panel need no adjustment.  However,
wages in the five previous panels need to be updated to the current panel's
reference period.
   
   The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust survey
data from prior panels before combining them with the current panel's data.
The wage updating procedure adjusts each detailed occupation's wage rate,
as measured in the earlier panel, according to the average movement of its
broader occupational division.  The procedure assumes that there are no major
differences by geography, industry, or detailed occupation within the occupa-
tional division.
   
   Imputation.  Over 20 percent of establishments do not respond for a
given panel.  A "nearest neighbor" hot deck imputation procedure is used
to impute occupational employment totals.  A variant of mean imputation is
then used to impute a wage distribution for each occupation.  The variant
of mean imputation for wage distributions is also applied to establishments
that provide reports with occupational totals but partial or missing wage
data.
   
   Weighting and benchmarking.  The sample establishments in each panel are
weighted to represent all establishments that were part of the in-scope
frame from which the panel was selected.  Based on the sampled establish-
ments, weights are adjusted when six panels are combined.  Weights are ad-
justed by benchmarking employment totals from the OES survey to employment
figures derived from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages.
   
   May 2004 OES survey estimates.  The May 2004 OES survey estimates are
based on all data collected from establishments in the May 2004, November
2003, May 2003, November 2002, and 2001 samples, in addition to some
certainty units from the 2000 sample.  During estimates processing, OES
employment data were benchmarked to the average employment for May 2004
and November 2003 from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages.

                                  - 9 -

   Reliability of the estimates.  Estimates calculated from a sample survey
are subject to two types of error:  sampling and nonsampling.  Sampling
error occurs when estimates are calculated from a subset (i.e., sample) of
the population instead of the full population.  When a sample of the
population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimate of the
characteristic of interest may differ from the population value of that
characteristic.  Differences between the sample estimate and the population
value will vary depending on the sample selected.  This variability can be
estimated by calculating the standard error (SE) of the sample estimate.
If we were to repeat the sampling and estimation process countless times
using the same survey design, approximately 90 percent of the intervals
created by adding and subtracting 1.645 SEs from the sample estimate would
include the population value.  These intervals are called 90-percent
confidence intervals.  The OES survey, however, usually uses the relative
standard error (RSE) of a sample estimate instead of its SE to measure
sampling error.  RSE is defined as the SE of a sample estimate divided
by the sample estimate itself.  This statistic provides the user with a
measure of the relative precision of the sample estimate.  RSEs are cal-
culated for both occupational employment and mean wage rate estimates.
Occupational employment RSEs are calculated using a subsample, random group
replication technique called the jackknife.  Mean wage rate RSEs are cal-
culated using a variance components model that accounts for both the ob-
served and unobserved components of the wage data.  The variances of the
unobserved components are estimated using wage data from the BLS National
Compensation Survey.  In general, estimates based on many establishments
have lower RSEs than estimates based on few establishments.  If the
distributional assumptions of the models are violated, the resulting
confidence intervals may not reflect the prescribed level of confidence.
   
   Nonsampling error occurs for a variety of reasons, none of which are
directly connected to sampling.  Examples of nonsampling error include:
nonresponse, data incorrectly reported by the respondent, mistakes made
in entering collected data into the database, and mistakes made in editing
and processing the collected data.

Additional information

   The May 2004 OES national data by occupation, comparable to data in
table 1, will be available soon on the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/oes.
Users also may access each occupation's definition and percentile wages.  The
May 2004 cross-industry data for states and metropolitan areas will be avail-
able on the BLS Web site in early June 2005.  Industry staffing patterns at
the sector, 3-, 4-, and selected 5-digit NAICS levels also will be available
from the Internet beginning in early June 2005.  These data will include in-
dustry-specific occupational employment and wage data.
   
   For additional information, contact the Office of Employment and
Unemployment Statistics, Division of Occupational Employment Statistics,
Room 2135, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, DC, 20212; telephone
202-691-6569 (e-mail: oesinfo@bls.gov).

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone:  202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number:  1-800-877-8339.
   
   
   
   
   
Table 1.  National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, May 2004

                                                                                          Employment         Mean wages        Median hourly
      Occupation                                                                                         Hourly    Annual(1)       wages

Management occupations
  Chief executives                                                                          346,590      $67.27    $139,920       $67.47
  General and operations managers                                                         1,752,910       44.24      92,010        37.22
  Legislators                                                                                63,440        (2)       30,750         (2)
  Advertising and promotions managers                                                        57,100       36.76      76,460        30.58
  Marketing managers                                                                        177,550       46.48      96,680        42.13
  Sales managers                                                                            320,240       45.68      95,010        40.49
  Public relations managers                                                                  50,670       38.26      79,580        33.65

  Administrative services managers                                                          254,610       31.98      66,530        28.99
  Computer and information systems managers                                                 267,390       47.24      98,260        44.51
  Financial managers                                                                        493,360       44.04      91,610        39.37
  Compensation and benefits managers                                                         55,040       35.59      74,020        31.99
  Training and development managers                                                          35,510       35.45      73,730        32.43
  Human resources managers, all other                                                        58,770       42.11      87,580        39.33
  Industrial production managers                                                            155,980       38.06      79,170        35.09
  Purchasing managers                                                                        73,480       37.51      78,020        34.83
  Transportation, storage, and distribution managers                                         88,100       34.87      72,530        32.02

  Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers                                                4,810       26.51      55,140        24.38
  Farmers and ranchers                                                                          540       20.78      43,230        19.44
  Construction managers                                                                     185,580       37.83      78,690        33.59
  Education administrators, preschool and child care center/program                          50,590       19.74      41,060        17.18
  Education administrators, elementary and secondary school                                 209,630        (2)       75,640         (2)
  Education administrators, postsecondary                                                   101,530       36.44      75,800        32.86
  Education administrators, all other                                                        22,570       32.01      66,580        28.96
  Engineering managers                                                                      186,380       49.33     102,600        46.94
  Food service managers                                                                     206,340       21.13      43,940        19.04
  Funeral directors                                                                          23,140       25.82      53,710        22.10
  Gaming managers                                                                             3,520       31.77      66,090        28.17
  Lodging managers                                                                           30,860       21.18      44,060        18.11
  Medical and health services managers                                                      224,070       36.12      75,140        32.42
  Natural sciences managers                                                                  40,240       46.06      95,800        42.63
  Postmasters and mail superintendents                                                       26,430       24.43      50,820        24.32
  Property, real estate, and community association managers                                 159,980       23.44      48,760        19.22
  Social and community service managers                                                     119,280       24.39      50,740        22.50
  Managers, all other                                                                       354,730       39.28      81,700        37.19

Business and financial operations occupations
  Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes                          10,860       33.42      69,520        26.48
  Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products                                                14,300       24.03      49,980        21.02
  Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products                                         136,930       23.29      48,450        20.30
  Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products                            257,070       24.60      51,180        22.92
  Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators                                            234,950       22.74      47,310        21.26
  Insurance appraisers, auto damage                                                          12,520       22.01      45,780        21.79
  Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety,   
         and transportation                                                                 167,650       24.64      51,260        22.78
  Cost estimators                                                                           191,080       25.90      53,870        24.01
  Emergency management specialists                                                           10,070       23.73      49,350        21.82
  Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists                                        169,750       22.76      47,330        19.80
  Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists                                       92,940       24.10      50,130        22.83
  Training and development specialists                                                      200,440       22.97      47,780        21.43
  Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists, all other                     158,930       23.67      49,240        22.85
  Logisticians                                                                               52,470       28.99      60,310        27.46
  Management analysts                                                                       416,340       34.97      72,730        30.51
  Meeting and convention planners                                                            34,640       20.43      42,490        19.05
  Business operations specialists, all other                                                847,170       27.72      57,660        25.70

  Accountants and auditors                                                                  995,910       27.35      56,880        24.41
  Appraisers and assessors of real estate                                                    62,270       23.73      49,350        20.86
  Budget analysts                                                                            53,300       28.41      59,100        26.94
  Credit analysts                                                                            67,100       26.57      55,280        22.72
  Financial analysts                                                                        177,780       33.89      70,500        29.76
  Personal financial advisors                                                                94,490       39.70      82,570        30.14
  Insurance underwriters                                                                     96,110       26.08      54,240        23.34
  Financial examiners                                                                        23,400       31.47      65,450        29.00
  Loan counselors                                                                            31,160       18.61      38,710        16.33
  Loan officers                                                                             278,830       27.98      58,200        23.48
  Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents                                              71,610       23.18      48,210        20.91
  Tax preparers                                                                              51,950       16.50      34,330        13.33
  Financial specialists, all other                                                          119,840       26.64      55,420        23.82

Computer and mathematical science occupations
  Computer and information scientists, research                                              24,720       42.32      88,020        40.96
  Computer programmers                                                                      412,090       31.69      65,910        30.24
  Computer software engineers, applications                                                 425,890       37.18      77,330        36.05
  Computer software engineers, systems software                                             318,020       39.50      82,160        38.34
  Computer support specialists                                                              488,540       20.97      43,620        19.44
  Computer systems analysts                                                                 489,130       32.87      68,370        31.95
  Database administrators                                                                    96,960       30.51      63,460        29.16
  Network and computer systems administrators                                               259,320       29.55      61,470        27.98
  Network systems and data communications analysts                                          169,200       30.49      63,410        29.14
  Computer specialists, all other                                                           130,420       30.31      63,030        28.60

  Actuaries                                                                                  16,350       42.05      87,460        36.70
  Mathematicians                                                                              2,410       39.18      81,500        39.06
  Operations research analysts                                                               55,030       30.49      63,420        28.94
  Statisticians                                                                              17,030       30.42      63,260        28.18
  Mathematical technicians                                                                    1,720       20.99      43,650        18.49
  Mathematical scientists, all other                                                          8,500       29.67      61,710        29.98

Architecture and engineering occupations
  Architects, except landscape and naval                                                     94,280       31.84      66,230        28.99
  Landscape architects                                                                       17,960       27.73      57,680        25.54
  Cartographers and photogrammetrists                                                         9,870       23.48      48,830        22.15
  Surveyors                                                                                  52,680       22.15      46,080        20.66

  Aerospace engineers                                                                        73,650       38.68      80,460        38.03
  Agricultural engineers                                                                      3,220       29.04      60,400        27.17
  Biomedical engineers                                                                        8,650       34.04      70,800        32.54
  Chemical engineers                                                                         30,320       38.49      80,050        36.91
  Civil engineers                                                                           218,220       32.18      66,930        30.88
  Computer hardware engineers                                                                74,760       40.39      84,010        39.02
  Electrical engineers                                                                      148,310       35.68      74,220        34.43
  Electronics engineers, except computer                                                    135,560       37.24      77,450        36.43
  Environmental engineers                                                                    47,690       32.86      68,350        31.96
  Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors                 25,860       31.78      66,110        30.64
  Industrial engineers                                                                      174,960       32.05      66,660        31.26
  Marine engineers and naval architects                                                       6,620       35.44      73,720        34.63
  Materials engineers                                                                        21,130       33.36      69,390        32.26
  Mechanical engineers                                                                      217,010       32.91      68,460        31.88
  Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers                          5,050       32.77      68,160        31.10
  Nuclear engineers                                                                          17,180       42.67      88,760        40.81
  Petroleum engineers                                                                        14,690       44.15      91,820        42.55
  Engineers, all other                                                                      159,720       36.32      75,540        35.78

  Architectural and civil drafters                                                          101,060       19.59      40,750        18.84
  Electrical and electronics drafters                                                        34,850       22.48      46,760        20.76
  Mechanical drafters                                                                        76,610       21.70      45,140        20.67
  Drafters, all other                                                                        22,620       21.91      45,560        20.13
  Aerospace engineering and operations technicians                                            9,260       25.98      54,040        25.24
  Civil engineering technicians                                                              90,000       19.18      39,900        18.50
  Electrical and electronic engineering technicians                                         178,560       22.66      47,130        22.26
  Electro-mechanical technicians                                                             18,770       20.74      43,130        19.92
  Environmental engineering technicians                                                      19,840       19.55      40,660        18.53
  Industrial engineering technicians                                                         68,210       22.64      47,080        20.96
  Mechanical engineering technicians                                                         46,990       21.66      45,050        20.87
  Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other                                        88,100       23.86      49,630        23.77
  Surveying and mapping technicians                                                          60,530       15.76      32,780        14.60
 
Life, physical, and social science occupations
  Animal scientists                                                                           1,540       25.87      53,800        24.00
  Food scientists and technologists                                                           7,210       26.98      56,110        24.44
  Soil and plant scientists                                                                   9,690       26.67      55,470        24.62
  Biochemists and biophysicists                                                              15,200       34.48      71,730        33.15
  Microbiologists                                                                            13,880       29.45      61,250        26.37
  Zoologists and wildlife biologists                                                         15,050       25.54      53,120        24.20
  Biological scientists, all other                                                           26,180       29.03      60,370        27.05
  Conservation scientists                                                                    14,290       25.72      53,500        25.23
  Foresters                                                                                  10,250       23.91      49,730        23.19
  Epidemiologists                                                                             4,560       27.91      58,060        26.35
  Medical scientists, except epidemiologists                                                 66,450       33.04      68,730        29.48
  Life scientists, all other                                                                 13,870       30.63      63,710        26.65

  Astronomers                                                                                   680       44.99      93,580        46.79
  Physicists                                                                                 14,150       42.83      89,090        42.04
  Atmospheric and space scientists                                                            7,070       33.46      69,590        33.70
  Chemists                                                                                   79,650       29.43      61,220        26.95
  Materials scientists                                                                        7,330       35.77      74,390        34.80
  Environmental scientists and specialists, including health                                 66,850       26.53      55,190        24.56
  Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers                                         25,100       36.96      76,870        33.04
  Hydrologists                                                                                7,290       30.82      64,100        29.57
  Physical scientists, all other                                                             25,260       39.21      81,560        38.53

  Economists                                                                                 12,030       38.35      79,770        34.99
  Market research analysts                                                                  170,200       30.28      62,990        26.99
  Survey researchers                                                                         19,480       15.39      32,010        12.74
  Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists                                             96,540       29.24      60,810        26.42
  Industrial-organizational psychologists                                                     1,500       37.88      78,800        34.33
  Psychologists, all other                                                                    6,480       33.53      69,740        34.57

  Sociologists                                                                                3,640       30.46      63,350        27.82
  Urban and regional planners                                                                31,140       26.75      55,640        25.70
  Anthropologists and archeologists                                                           4,510       22.86      47,550        21.10
  Geographers                                                                                   750       28.65      59,600        28.35
  Historians                                                                                  2,350       23.48      48,850        21.39
  Political scientists                                                                        4,370       41.24      85,770        41.71
  Social scientists and related workers, all other                                           31,990       29.09      60,500        28.12

  Agricultural and food science technicians                                                  18,940       15.37      31,980        14.29
  Biological technicians                                                                     59,710       17.04      35,450        15.97
  Chemical technicians                                                                       61,700       19.04      39,600        18.35
  Geological and petroleum technicians                                                       10,420       20.85      43,360        19.35
  Nuclear technicians                                                                         7,210       28.28      58,830        28.46
  Social science research assistants                                                         15,710       17.26      35,900        16.52
  Environmental science and protection technicians, including health                         29,460       17.90      37,230        16.99
  Forensic science technicians                                                                9,230       22.83      47,490        21.16
  Forest and conservation technicians                                                        29,910       14.79      30,770        13.14
  Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other                                  72,580       20.52      42,680        18.19

Community and social services occupations
  Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors                                         68,880       16.50      34,310        15.45
  Educational, vocational, and school counselors                                            220,690       22.88      47,590        21.91
  Marriage and family therapists                                                             20,710       20.21      42,040        18.74
  Mental health counselors                                                                   89,300       17.31      36,000        15.85
  Rehabilitation counselors                                                                 115,150       14.76      30,710        13.40
  Counselors, all other                                                                      21,970       18.21      37,880        16.82
  Child, family, and school social workers                                                  250,790       18.19      37,830        16.74
  Medical and public health social workers                                                  103,180       19.92      41,440        19.27
  Mental health and substance abuse social workers                                          108,950       17.34      36,060        16.31
  Social workers, all other                                                                  60,120       19.80      41,180        18.96
  Health educators                                                                           46,490       20.25      42,120        18.50
  Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists                                  89,170       20.53      42,690        19.04
  Social and human service assistants                                                       331,860       12.45      25,890        11.67
  Community and social service specialists, all other                                        89,250       16.57      34,470        15.64
  Clergy                                                                                     35,790       19.23      40,000        17.64
  Directors, religious activities and education                                              12,620       16.14      33,560        14.76
  Religious workers, all other                                                                8,810       11.41      23,730         9.01

Legal occupations
  Lawyers                                                                                   521,130       52.30     108,790        45.64
  Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers                              14,830       35.44      73,710        33.14
  Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators                                                    4,940       29.08      60,480        26.32
  Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates                                                 25,500       42.96      89,360        44.75
  Paralegals and legal assistants                                                           210,020       19.95      41,490        18.81
  Court reporters                                                                            15,520       22.63      47,070        20.63
  Law clerks                                                                                 43,300       16.92      35,180        16.34
  Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers                                                53,700       18.93      39,360        16.77
  Legal support workers, all other                                                           69,590       21.79      45,330        20.26

Education, training, and library occupations
  Business teachers, postsecondary                                                           68,340        (2)       65,430         (2)
  Computer science teachers, postsecondary                                                   37,260        (2)       58,140         (2)
  Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary                                               43,760        (2)       57,240         (2)
  Architecture teachers, postsecondary                                                        5,700        (2)       65,510         (2)
  Engineering teachers, postsecondary                                                        33,520        (2)       77,070         (2)
  Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary                                              10,230        (2)       67,520         (2)
  Biological science teachers, postsecondary                                                 60,260        (2)       73,220         (2)
  Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary                                   2,970        (2)       67,660         (2)
  Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary                      8,660        (2)       70,300         (2)
  Chemistry teachers, postsecondary                                                          18,720        (2)       63,520         (2)
  Environmental science teachers, postsecondary                                               3,860        (2)       66,790         (2)
  Physics teachers, postsecondary                                                            12,590        (2)       69,210         (2)

  Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary                                         4,990        (2)       66,060         (2)
  Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary                                  7,670        (2)       62,940         (2)
  Economics teachers, postsecondary                                                          12,230        (2)       73,280         (2)
  Geography teachers, postsecondary                                                           4,180        (2)       61,020         (2)
  Political science teachers, postsecondary                                                  13,230        (2)       64,950         (2)
  Psychology teachers, postsecondary                                                         29,400        (2)       60,800         (2)
  Sociology teachers, postsecondary                                                          14,220        (2)       59,830         (2)
  Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other                                          6,310        (2)       68,460         (2)
  Health specialties teachers, postsecondary                                                105,610        (2)       76,720         (2)
  Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary                                            34,360        (2)       55,770         (2)
  Education teachers, postsecondary                                                          47,710        (2)       52,850         (2)
  Library science teachers, postsecondary                                                     3,740        (2)       54,590         (2)

  Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary                                9,550        (2)       51,500         (2)
  Law teachers, postsecondary                                                                12,580        (2)       95,300         (2)
  Social work teachers, postsecondary                                                         6,670        (2)       56,620         (2)
  Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary                                              63,730        (2)       52,750         (2)

  Communications teachers, postsecondary                                                     20,760        (2)       53,130         (2)
  English language and literature teachers, postsecondary                                    57,400        (2)       52,560         (2)
  Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary                                    22,460        (2)       51,620         (2)
  History teachers, postsecondary                                                            19,190        (2)       58,490         (2)
  Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary                                            17,170        (2)       56,630         (2)
  Graduate teaching assistants                                                              111,730        (2)       27,860         (2)
  Home economics teachers, postsecondary                                                      3,870        (2)       50,810         (2)
  Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary                                     15,470        (2)       47,360         (2)
  Vocational education teachers, postsecondary                                              112,990       21.19      44,060        19.59
  Postsecondary teachers, all other                                                         248,330       30.73      63,920        27.93

  Preschool teachers, except special education                                              354,800       11.51      23,940        10.09
  Kindergarten teachers, except special education                                           164,530        (2)       44,000         (2)
  Elementary school teachers, except special education                                    1,422,840        (2)       45,670         (2)
  Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education                           623,400        (2)       46,510         (2)
  Vocational education teachers, middle school                                               16,820        (2)       46,250         (2)
  Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education                      1,021,180        (2)       48,420         (2)
  Vocational education teachers, secondary school                                           102,210        (2)       48,000         (2)
  Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school                205,960        (2)       46,420         (2)
  Special education teachers, middle school                                                  98,840        (2)       48,910         (2)
  Special education teachers, secondary school                                              138,470        (2)       49,620         (2)
  Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors                       63,200       20.92      43,520        18.74
  Self-enrichment education teachers                                                        141,180       16.93      35,210        14.85
  Teachers and instructors, all other                                                       505,570        (2)       33,100         (2)

  Archivists                                                                                  5,190       19.05      39,630        17.54
  Curators                                                                                    8,590       23.04      47,920        20.97
  Museum technicians and conservators                                                         8,850       16.96      35,270        15.30
  Librarians                                                                                149,680       22.88      47,590        22.07
  Library technicians                                                                       113,520       12.63      26,260        11.99
  Audio-visual collections specialists                                                        8,420       17.13      35,630        15.86
  Farm and home management advisors                                                          12,620       21.62      44,960        20.00
  Instructional coordinators                                                                106,590       24.74      51,450        23.46
  Teacher assistants                                                                      1,242,760        (2)       20,400         (2)
  Education, training, and library workers, all other                                        65,150       16.29      33,890        14.29

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
  Art directors                                                                              26,870       35.21      73,240        30.69
  Craft artists                                                                               3,890       13.33      27,720        11.31
  Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators                               9,570       20.98      43,640        18.30
  Multi-media artists and animators                                                          30,210       27.65      57,520        24.21
  Artists and related workers, all other                                                      5,370       18.02      37,490        14.72
  Commercial and industrial designers                                                        33,050       26.77      55,670        25.15
  Fashion designers                                                                          12,100       30.84      64,150        26.85
  Floral designers                                                                           67,710       10.51      21,860         9.83
  Graphic designers                                                                         159,720       20.25      42,120        18.28
  Interior designers                                                                         46,360       21.59      44,900        19.56
  Merchandise displayers and window trimmers                                                 62,220       12.51      26,020        10.89
  Set and exhibit designers                                                                   8,750       19.23      40,000        17.21
  Designers, all other                                                                       12,650       22.27      46,320        20.31

  Actors                                                                                     59,000       22.48        (3)         11.28
  Producers and directors                                                                    55,260       34.84      72,470        25.40
  Athletes and sports competitors                                                            12,250        (2)       86,690         (2)
  Coaches and scouts                                                                        122,930        (2)       32,780         (2)
  Umpires, referees, and other sports officials                                              11,440        (2)       27,850         (2)
  Dancers                                                                                    14,880       12.15        (3)          8.54
  Choreographers                                                                             15,360       18.39      38,250        16.19
  Music directors and composers                                                               8,870       21.06      43,810        16.62
  Musicians and singers                                                                      52,000       24.96        (3)         17.85
  Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other                         54,800       18.82        (3)         16.73

  Radio and television announcers                                                            41,430       15.22      31,650        10.64
  Public address system and other announcers                                                  8,180       14.08      29,290        10.56
  Broadcast news analysts                                                                     6,930       27.28      56,740        17.78
  Reporters and correspondents                                                               52,550       18.58      38,650        15.06
  Public relations specialists                                                              166,210       23.80      49,510        21.07
  Editors                                                                                   100,790       23.65      49,190        21.10
  Technical writers                                                                          45,100       27.24      56,650        25.71
  Writers and authors                                                                        42,780       25.52      53,080        21.32
  Interpreters and translators                                                               25,410       17.61      36,630        16.28
  Media and communication workers, all other                                                 27,380       21.66      45,060        19.64

  Audio and video equipment technicians                                                      40,050       17.62      36,650        15.66
  Broadcast technicians                                                                      29,940       16.14      33,560        13.47
  Radio operators                                                                             1,670       17.06      35,490        15.73
  Sound engineering technicians                                                              11,650       21.91      45,570        18.32
  Photographers                                                                              54,400       15.00      31,200        12.54
  Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture                                    21,600       20.04      41,690        18.08
  Film and video editors                                                                     15,800       24.37      50,690        20.96
  Media and communication equipment workers, all other                                       18,570       22.36      46,510        19.77

Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
  Chiropractors                                                                              21,830       42.01      87,390        33.61
  Dentists, general                                                                          84,240       63.87     132,850        59.16
  Oral and maxillofacial surgeons                                                             4,950       79.69     165,750         (4)
  Orthodontists                                                                               6,190       72.45     150,700         (4)
  Prosthodontists                                                                               730       70.04     145,670         (4)
  Dentists, all other specialists                                                             2,710       62.64     130,300        60.64
  Dietitians and nutritionists                                                               46,530       21.46      44,640        20.98
  Optometrists                                                                               22,780       46.53      96,780        42.51
  Pharmacists                                                                               222,960       40.56      84,370        40.82

  Anesthesiologists                                                                          25,130       83.77     174,250         (4)
  Family and general practitioners                                                          106,750       66.58     138,490        65.91
  Internists, general                                                                        51,180       76.06     158,200         (4)
  Obstetricians and gynecologists                                                            20,850       84.74     176,270         (4)
  Pediatricians, general                                                                     26,520       68.04     141,520        65.26
  Psychiatrists                                                                              22,440       72.17     150,110         (4)
  Surgeons                                                                                   55,800       87.31     181,610         (4)
  Physicians and surgeons, all other                                                        162,720       66.16     137,610        67.44
 
  Physician assistants                                                                       59,470       33.07      68,780        33.37
  Podiatrists                                                                                 7,550       52.11     108,400        45.38
  Registered nurses                                                                       2,311,970       26.06      54,210        25.16
  Audiologists                                                                                9,810       26.47      55,050        24.74
  Occupational therapists                                                                    83,560       27.19      56,550        26.28

  Physical therapists                                                                       142,940       30.00      62,390        28.93
  Radiation therapists                                                                       14,470       29.05      60,420        27.74
  Recreational therapists                                                                    23,050       16.48      34,280        15.82
  Respiratory therapists                                                                     91,350       21.24      44,180        20.74
  Speech-language pathologists                                                               89,260       26.71      55,550        25.20
  Therapists, all other                                                                       8,090       21.45      44,620        19.32
  Veterinarians                                                                              46,090       36.07      75,030        32.01
  Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other                                    56,920       44.38      92,300        27.87

  Medical and clinical laboratory technologists                                             151,240       22.41      46,600        21.99
  Medical and clinical laboratory technicians                                               141,720       15.44      32,120        14.83
  Dental hygienists                                                                         155,810       28.58      59,440        28.05
  Cardiovascular technologists and technicians                                               43,540       19.09      39,710        18.60
  Diagnostic medical sonographers                                                            41,280       25.78      53,620        25.24
  Nuclear medicine technologists                                                             17,520       29.43      61,210        27.14
  Radiologic technologists and technicians                                                  177,220       21.41      44,530        20.84
  Emergency medical technicians and paramedics                                              187,900       13.30      27,650        12.17

  Dietetic technicians                                                                       24,630       11.89      24,730        11.05
  Pharmacy technicians                                                                      255,290       11.87      24,700        11.37
  Psychiatric technicians                                                                    59,010       13.43      27,940        12.28
  Respiratory therapy technicians                                                            24,190       18.00      37,440        17.67
  Surgical technologists                                                                     82,280       16.72      34,770        16.35
  Veterinary technologists and technicians                                                   58,570       12.49      25,990        11.99
  Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses                                         702,740       16.75      34,840        16.33
  Medical records and health information technicians                                        155,030       13.30      27,660        12.30
  Opticians, dispensing                                                                      62,350       14.37      29,880        13.44
  Orthotists and prosthetists                                                                 4,930       27.47      57,130        24.17
  Health technologists and technicians, all other                                            72,390       18.10      37,650        16.46
  Occupational health and safety specialists                                                 36,360       25.54      53,110        24.79
  Occupational health and safety technicians                                                 11,190       21.31      44,320        20.25
  Athletic trainers                                                                          13,100        (2)       36,350         (2)
  Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other                                  52,240       18.20      37,860        16.04

Healthcare support occupations
  Home health aides                                                                         596,330        9.13      18,980         8.81
  Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants                                                1,384,120       10.39      21,610        10.09
  Psychiatric aides                                                                          54,520       11.70      24,340        11.19
  Occupational therapist assistants                                                          20,880       18.49      38,460        18.48
  Occupational therapist aides                                                                5,240       12.51      26,030        11.13
  Physical therapist assistants                                                              57,420       18.14      37,730        18.22
  Physical therapist aides                                                                   41,910       11.14      23,160        10.28
  Massage therapists                                                                         32,200       17.63      36,670        15.36
  Dental assistants                                                                         264,820       13.97      29,060        13.62
  Medical assistants                                                                        380,340       12.21      25,400        11.83
  Medical equipment preparers                                                                40,380       12.14      25,240        11.76
  Medical transcriptionists                                                                  92,740       14.01      29,150        13.64
  Pharmacy aides                                                                             47,720        9.52      19,810         8.86
  Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers                                     70,200        9.44      19,640         8.97
  Healthcare support workers, all other                                                     182,550       12.62      26,250        12.01

Protective service occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers                                   35,880       22.83      47,490        21.50
  First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives                                   96,080       31.34      65,180        30.97
  First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers                    54,170       29.26      60,860        28.33
  First-line supervisors/managers, protective service workers, all other                     47,280       20.05      41,690        17.91

  Fire fighters                                                                             273,630       19.06      39,640        18.43
  Fire inspectors and investigators                                                          12,500       23.03      47,890        22.28
  Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists                                           1,580       19.98      41,560        18.77

  Bailiffs                                                                                   17,270       16.80      34,950        16.28
  Correctional officers and jailers                                                         409,580       17.29      35,970        16.15
  Detectives and criminal investigators                                                      86,880       27.16      56,500        25.96
  Fish and game wardens                                                                       7,050       23.60      49,090        20.57
  Parking enforcement workers                                                                 9,990       14.37      29,890        13.64
  Police and sheriff's patrol officers                                                      616,340       22.20      46,180        21.74
  Transit and railroad police                                                                 4,610       22.77      47,370        21.84

  Animal control workers                                                                     13,780       13.15      27,360        12.60
  Private detectives and investigators                                                       31,220       17.47      36,330        15.44
  Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators                                       8,560       13.69      28,470        12.42
  Security guards                                                                           978,570       10.61      22,070         9.77
  Crossing guards                                                                            70,180        9.94      20,670         9.28
  Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers                 108,210        8.43      17,530         7.95
  Protective service workers, all other                                                     122,740       14.54      30,240        13.50

Food preparation and serving related occupations
  Chefs and head cooks                                                                      116,930       16.42      34,160        14.75
  First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers                   733,680       13.21      27,480        12.22
  Cooks, fast food                                                                          652,500        7.33      15,250         7.07
  Cooks, institution and cafeteria                                                          401,110        9.55      19,860         9.10
  Cooks, private household                                                                      650       10.83      22,530         9.42
  Cooks, restaurant                                                                         765,670        9.73      20,230         9.39
  Cooks, short order                                                                        225,740        8.46      17,590         8.11
  Cooks, all other                                                                           10,780       10.87      22,600        10.09
  Food preparation workers                                                                  863,700        8.47      17,620         8.03

  Bartenders                                                                                463,000        8.29      17,240         7.42
  Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food                      2,140,740        7.40      15,390         7.06
  Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop                           458,610        7.78      16,170         7.53
  Waiters and waitresses                                                                  2,219,850        7.66      15,930         6.75
  Food servers, nonrestaurant                                                               186,770        8.58      17,840         7.95
  Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers                                390,980        7.44      15,470         7.10
  Dishwashers                                                                               497,650        7.50      15,600         7.35
  Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop                                  316,400        7.82      16,260         7.52
  Food preparation and serving related workers, all other                                    62,620        8.89      18,490         8.26

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 
  First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers                    199,990       15.32      31,880        14.19
  First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and
         groundskeeping workers                                                             102,380       18.38      38,230        16.99
  Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners                           2,103,490        9.91      20,620         9.04
  Maids and housekeeping cleaners                                                           880,150        8.62      17,930         8.13
  Building cleaning workers, all other                                                       13,580       10.74      22,350        10.17
  Pest control workers                                                                       59,080       13.38      27,830        12.61
  Landscaping and groundskeeping workers                                                    860,200       10.62      22,080         9.82
  Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation                                  24,200       12.74      26,500        12.30
  Tree trimmers and pruners                                                                  39,600       13.37      27,800        12.57
  Grounds maintenance workers, all other                                                     17,760       11.18      23,250         9.57

Personal care and service occupations
  Gaming supervisors                                                                         25,040       19.98      41,570        19.64
  Slot key persons                                                                           16,210       12.07      25,110        11.06
  First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers                               121,250       16.07      33,430        14.59
  Animal trainers                                                                             8,060       12.48      25,950        10.60
  Nonfarm animal caretakers                                                                  81,110        9.24      19,220         8.39

  Gaming dealers                                                                             82,560        7.89      16,420         6.89
  Gaming and sports book writers and runners                                                 18,290        9.76      20,310         8.84
  Gaming service workers, all other                                                          14,860       10.85      22,570        10.01
  Motion picture projectionists                                                              10,290        9.55      19,870         8.32
  Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers                                               110,420        8.07      16,780         7.30
  Amusement and recreation attendants                                                       241,110        8.00      16,630         7.47
  Costume attendants                                                                          3,460       13.81      28,720        12.04
  Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants                                        24,320        8.80      18,310         8.44
  Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other                                    37,080        8.57      17,820         8.14

  Embalmers                                                                                   8,660       17.93      37,300        17.09
  Funeral attendants                                                                         29,660       10.05      20,900         9.26
  Barbers                                                                                    15,830       12.04      25,040        10.19

  Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists                                            331,260       10.95      22,770         9.52
  Makeup artists, theatrical and performance                                                  1,060       15.28      31,780        11.74
  Manicurists and pedicurists                                                                38,030        9.65      20,080         8.89
  Shampooers                                                                                 16,180        7.51      15,610         7.03
  Skin care specialists                                                                      19,650       13.20      27,450        11.55

  Baggage porters and bellhops                                                               55,910       10.46      21,760         8.54
  Concierges                                                                                 17,310       11.93      24,820        11.23
  Tour guides and escorts                                                                    28,660        9.92      20,640         9.32
  Travel guides                                                                               4,140       14.30      29,750        13.20
  Flight attendants                                                                         101,980        (2)       51,160         (2)
  Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and baggage porters                    27,730        9.99      20,780         9.17

  Child care workers                                                                        513,110        8.57      17,830         8.06
  Personal and home care aides                                                              532,490        8.38      17,430         8.12
  Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors                                                 182,280       14.98      31,170        12.25
  Recreation workers                                                                        266,520       10.43      21,690         9.29
  Residential advisors                                                                       49,960       11.17      23,240        10.30
  Personal care and service workers, all other                                               65,070        9.81      20,410         8.63

Sales and related occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers                                 1,087,830       18.01      37,470        15.73
  First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers                               307,610       34.33      71,420        28.51
  Cashiers                                                                                3,438,070        8.29      17,250         7.81
  Gaming change persons and booth cashiers                                                   28,830       10.04      20,890         9.87

  Counter and rental clerks                                                                 444,850       10.47      21,770         8.79
  Parts salespersons                                                                        236,710       13.58      28,240        12.32
  Retail salespersons                                                                     4,130,470       11.03      22,930         8.98

  Advertising sales agents                                                                  144,690       23.76      49,420        19.37
  Insurance sales agents                                                                    285,390       26.77      55,680        20.06
  Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents                              240,500       43.77      91,040        33.27
  Travel agents                                                                              90,500       14.25      29,650        13.29
  Sales representatives, services, all other                                                352,050       25.93      53,940        22.60
  Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific
         products                                                                           378,080       32.37      67,330        28.17
  Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical
         and scientific products                                                          1,385,630       25.91      53,900        21.83

  Demonstrators and product promoters                                                        93,240       12.00      24,960         9.95
  Models                                                                                      1,410       13.21      27,480        10.50
  Real estate brokers                                                                        40,050       37.43      77,850        28.23
  Real estate sales agents                                                                  126,470       23.05      47,950        17.15
  Sales engineers                                                                            71,690       36.42      75,740        33.95
  Telemarketers                                                                             410,360       11.29      23,490         9.82
  Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers                   15,200       13.36      27,790        10.85
  Sales and related workers, all other                                                      198,230       18.44      38,350        15.09

Office and administrative support occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers            1,406,240       21.15      43,990        19.72
  Switchboard operators, including answering service                                        206,370       10.81      22,490        10.38
  Telephone operators                                                                        38,500       14.53      30,220        13.65
  Communications equipment operators, all other                                               4,040       15.98      33,240        15.23

  Bill and account collectors                                                               445,180       13.95      29,010        13.20
  Billing and posting clerks and machine operators                                          496,780       13.50      28,070        13.00
  Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks                                            1,770,860       14.34      29,830        13.74
  Gaming cage workers                                                                        19,710       11.09      23,070        10.74
  Payroll and timekeeping clerks                                                            205,670       15.02      31,240        14.59
  Procurement clerks                                                                         71,740       15.11      31,420        14.85
  Tellers                                                                                   552,860       10.30      21,420        10.15

  Brokerage clerks                                                                           73,910       18.15      37,750        16.94
  Correspondence clerks                                                                      21,590       14.19      29,510        13.51
  Court, municipal, and license clerks                                                      103,090       14.63      30,420        13.67
  Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks                                                   66,010       15.15      31,520        13.97
  Customer service representatives                                                        2,021,350       14.01      29,130        12.99
  Eligibility interviewers, government programs                                              93,250       16.25      33,800        15.92
  File clerks                                                                               242,640       10.72      22,310        10.11
  Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks                                                      190,300        8.93      18,570         8.51

  Interviewers, except eligibility and loan                                                 193,780       11.91      24,770        11.38
  Library assistants, clerical                                                              102,310       10.57      21,990         9.96
  Loan interviewers and clerks                                                              209,320       14.75      30,680        13.94
  New accounts clerks                                                                        96,560       13.55      28,180        12.91
  Order clerks                                                                              289,830       12.85      26,730        12.07
  Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping                                164,940       15.77      32,810        15.26
  Receptionists and information clerks                                                    1,071,230       10.91      22,690        10.50
  Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks                            159,910       14.48      30,120        13.34
  All other information and record clerks                                                   269,070       18.34      38,150        15.44

  Cargo and freight agents                                                                   70,000       17.24      35,870        16.47
  Couriers and messengers                                                                   111,700       10.26      21,330         9.71
  Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers                                                    90,930       14.58      30,330        13.91
  Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance                                           165,910       16.01      33,310        14.87
  Meter readers, utilities                                                                   48,830       15.03      31,260        14.15
  Postal service clerks                                                                      76,870       19.82      41,230        19.69
  Postal service mail carriers                                                              344,050       20.85      43,370        21.37
  Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators                 214,400       18.12      37,690        18.96
  Production, planning, and expediting clerks                                               285,940       18.10      37,650        17.47
  Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks                                                   747,270       12.43      25,850        11.73
  Stock clerks and order fillers                                                          1,561,530       10.52      21,890         9.66
  Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping                                 83,570       12.92      26,880        11.81
  Executive secretaries and administrative assistants                                     1,422,610       17.69      36,790        16.81
  Legal secretaries                                                                         264,070       18.40      38,280        17.65
  Medical secretaries                                                                       360,850       13.42      27,900        12.76
  Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive                                       1,743,560       13.06      27,160        12.55

  Computer operators                                                                        140,870       15.79      32,850        14.94
  Data entry keyers                                                                         313,590       11.72      24,380        11.18
  Word processors and typists                                                               168,430       14.17      29,480        13.48
  Desktop publishers                                                                         32,790       16.40      34,110        15.55
  Insurance claims and policy processing clerks                                             239,250       14.70      30,580        14.06
  Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service                             149,700       11.27      23,440        10.76
  Office clerks, general                                                                  2,970,660       11.62      24,170        10.95
  Office machine operators, except computer                                                  97,140       11.83      24,610        11.16
  Proofreaders and copy markers                                                              20,530       12.99      27,010        12.18
  Statistical assistants                                                                     18,560       15.19      31,600        14.55
  Office and administrative support workers, all other                                      318,430       13.16      27,380        12.22

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers                  19,890       18.50      38,480        17.06
  Farm labor contractors                                                                      2,770       10.84      22,540         8.42
  Agricultural inspectors                                                                    12,300       16.05      33,390        14.92
  Animal breeders                                                                             1,530       15.74      32,730        13.55
  Graders and sorters, agricultural products                                                 50,110        8.52      17,710         7.90
  Agricultural equipment operators                                                           20,960        9.76      20,300         8.88
  Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse                                   240,000        8.07      16,780         7.70
  Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals                                                        43,250        9.07      18,870         8.31
  Agricultural workers, all other                                                             9,500       11.06      23,010        10.15
  Fishers and related fishing workers                                                           940       14.04      29,200        11.58
  Forest and conservation workers                                                             9,140       11.34      23,590         9.51
  Fallers                                                                                    10,180       15.15      31,510        13.23
  Logging equipment operators                                                                27,690       13.75      28,600        13.18
  Log graders and scalers                                                                     4,870       13.21      27,480        12.29
  Logging workers, all other                                                                  5,680       14.06      29,240        14.29

Construction and extraction occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers             542,440       25.95      53,980        24.25
  Boilermakers                                                                               18,520       22.29      46,360        21.68
  Brickmasons and blockmasons                                                               107,660       20.42      42,480        20.07
  Stonemasons                                                                                16,320       17.75      36,920        16.82
  Carpenters                                                                                882,490       18.26      37,970        16.78
  Carpet installers                                                                          40,170       17.72      36,860        16.39
  Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles                                          15,800       17.13      35,640        15.68
  Floor sanders and finishers                                                                 6,430       13.93      28,980        12.88
  Tile and marble setters                                                                    42,930       18.28      38,020        17.02
  Cement masons and concrete finishers                                                      191,690       16.36      34,030        15.10
  Terrazzo workers and finishers                                                              6,700       15.47      32,170        13.45
  Construction laborers                                                                     854,840       13.86      28,830        12.10
  Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators                                         61,860       16.07      33,430        14.42
  Pile-driver operators                                                                       4,450       22.46      46,720        21.29
  Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators                            357,080       18.62      38,730        17.00
  Drywall and ceiling tile installers                                                       113,350       17.71      36,830        16.36
  Tapers                                                                                     36,370       19.25      40,040        18.78

  Electricians                                                                              582,920       21.58      44,900        20.33
  Glaziers                                                                                   43,140       17.63      36,680        15.70
  Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall                                               37,000       16.12      33,530        14.57
  Insulation workers, mechanical                                                             17,110       17.48      36,350        16.03
  Painters, construction and maintenance                                                    249,560       15.87      33,010        14.55
  Paperhangers                                                                                7,660       16.87      35,090        15.73
  Pipelayers                                                                                 54,470       15.40      32,040        13.68
  Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters                                                   424,360       21.21      44,110        19.85
  Plasterers and stucco masons                                                               54,920       16.96      35,270        15.60
  Reinforcing iron and rebar workers                                                         32,660       19.32      40,190        16.90
  Roofers                                                                                   119,820       16.17      33,630        14.83
  Sheet metal workers                                                                       184,740       18.63      38,760        17.09
  Structural iron and steel workers                                                          70,240       21.30      44,300        20.40

  Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters                61,680       13.40      27,860        12.00
  Helpers--carpenters                                                                       106,130       10.94      22,750        10.38
  Helpers--electricians                                                                      92,820       11.97      24,890        11.26
  Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons                             26,090       10.87      22,610         9.87
  Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters                               74,820       11.50      23,930        10.75
  Helpers--roofers                                                                           21,530       10.58      22,000         9.93
  Helpers, construction trades, all other                                                    38,310       10.97      22,820         9.91

  Construction and building inspectors                                                       82,690       21.86      45,460        21.00
  Elevator installers and repairers                                                          21,110       27.98      58,190        28.23
  Fence erectors                                                                             23,350       12.27      25,530        11.24
  Hazardous materials removal workers                                                        38,550       17.54      36,480        16.02
  Highway maintenance workers                                                               136,550       14.61      30,390        14.21
  Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators                                      10,430       17.96      37,360        18.35
  Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners                                              16,670       14.73      30,640        13.88
  Segmental pavers                                                                              840       13.31      27,690        11.74
  Construction and related workers, all other                                                81,260       12.71      26,440        11.40

  Derrick operators, oil and gas                                                             13,880       16.74      34,810        16.11
  Rotary drill operators, oil and gas                                                        13,860       18.68      38,860        17.11
  Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining                                               16,210       16.05      33,380        14.75
  Earth drillers, except oil and gas                                                         19,320       17.18      35,740        16.07
  Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters                                 5,290       17.85      37,130        17.16
  Continuous mining machine operators                                                         8,060       17.71      36,840        17.87
  Mine cutting and channeling machine operators                                               3,900       17.95      37,330        17.96
  Mining machine operators, all other                                                         2,710       17.17      35,710        16.45
  Rock splitters, quarry                                                                      3,180       13.43      27,940        12.54
  Roof bolters, mining                                                                        4,290       18.54      38,570        18.70
  Roustabouts, oil and gas                                                                   32,280       12.74      26,500        11.94
  Helpers--extraction workers                                                                26,430       13.23      27,520        12.66
  Extraction workers, all other                                                              10,450       16.37      34,050        15.66

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers                   459,440       25.34      52,700        24.20
  Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers                                  141,350       17.59      36,580        16.90
  Radio mechanics                                                                             6,340       18.30      38,070        17.65
  Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers             202,160       23.10      48,050        23.96
  Avionics technicians                                                                       22,310       21.38      44,460        21.30
  Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers                                          21,910       16.11      33,520        15.54
  Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment              17,390       19.46      40,470        19.25
  Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment                  71,300       20.63      42,910        20.48
  Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay                    20,660       25.51      53,060        25.86
  Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles                              15,490       14.24      29,610        12.79
  Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers                           32,210       14.25      29,640        13.44
  Security and fire alarm systems installers                                                 44,710       16.78      34,900        16.06

  Aircraft mechanics and service technicians                                                112,830       22.69      47,190        21.77
  Automotive body and related repairers                                                     162,820       18.10      37,650        16.68
  Automotive glass installers and repairers                                                  18,150       13.98      29,080        13.45
  Automotive service technicians and mechanics                                              668,540       16.61      34,550        15.60
  Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists                                     251,430       17.66      36,730        17.20
  Farm equipment mechanics                                                                   30,770       13.74      28,580        13.40
  Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines                                          112,000       18.68      38,860        18.34
  Rail car repairers                                                                         18,140       19.01      39,550        19.48
  Motorboat mechanics                                                                        17,680       15.16      31,530        14.74
  Motorcycle mechanics                                                                       15,920       14.61      30,380        13.70
  Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics                                   25,170       12.66      26,340        11.98
  Bicycle repairers                                                                           7,750        9.90      20,580         9.71
  Recreational vehicle service technicians                                                   12,340       14.73      30,630        13.93
  Tire repairers and changers                                                                87,110       10.75      22,350        10.01

  Mechanical door repairers                                                                  10,470       16.92      35,190        15.38
  Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door                         37,260       20.83      43,320        21.01
  Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers                     225,630       18.30      38,060        17.43
  Home appliance repairers                                                                   40,300       16.00      33,280        15.47
  Industrial machinery mechanics                                                            212,770       19.28      40,090        18.78
  Maintenance and repair workers, general                                                 1,267,390       15.41      32,060        14.77
  Maintenance workers, machinery                                                             84,850       16.40      34,120        15.79
  Millwrights                                                                                57,050       21.63      44,990        21.02
  Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons                                          3,570       18.76      39,020        18.09
  Electrical power-line installers and repairers                                            101,760       22.91      47,640        23.61
  Telecommunications line installers and repairers                                          144,080       19.55      40,660        19.39
  Camera and photographic equipment repairers                                                 3,830       16.29      33,880        15.54
  Medical equipment repairers                                                                23,750       18.72      38,930        17.90
  Musical instrument repairers and tuners                                                     5,290       14.88      30,950        13.47
  Watch repairers                                                                             3,450       15.23      31,670        13.87
  Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other                                    13,500       21.64      45,000        21.25
  Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers                               37,230       13.95      29,020        13.47
  Commercial divers                                                                           2,230       18.66      38,820        16.94
  Fabric menders, except garment                                                              2,150       15.60      32,440        15.62
  Locksmiths and safe repairers                                                              15,540       15.30      31,830        14.60
  Manufactured building and mobile home installers                                           12,150       11.64      24,210        11.23
  Riggers                                                                                    12,480       17.55      36,500        16.98
  Signal and track switch repairers                                                           7,780       21.73      45,210        21.43
  Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers                                    157,310       11.18      23,250        10.25
  Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other                                  137,650       17.23      35,830        16.23

Production occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers                       696,750       22.96      47,760        21.51
  Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers                              18,710       18.02      37,470        17.79
  Coil winders, tapers, and finishers                                                        27,360       12.69      26,400        12.24
  Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers                                            217,360       12.63      26,270        11.68
  Electromechanical equipment assemblers                                                     51,370       13.29      27,650        12.71
  Engine and other machine assemblers                                                        45,730       17.29      35,960        16.73
  Structural metal fabricators and fitters                                                   86,240       14.94      31,070        14.34
  Fiberglass laminators and fabricators                                                      30,250       12.59      26,190        12.18
  Team assemblers                                                                         1,208,270       12.36      25,720        11.42
  Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators                                        3,150       14.57      30,310        13.76
  Assemblers and fabricators, all other                                                     259,830       14.14      29,410        11.90

  Bakers                                                                                    150,900       10.97      22,820        10.26
  Butchers and meat cutters                                                                 131,490       13.12      27,300        12.45
  Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers                                              137,370        9.60      19,970         9.09
  Slaughterers and meat packers                                                             134,140       10.20      21,220        10.03
  Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders                18,110       12.12      25,210        11.46
  Food batchmakers                                                                           85,010       11.34      23,590        10.62
  Food cooking machine operators and tenders                                                 41,810       10.72      22,290        10.02

  Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic                             124,330       15.22      31,650        14.75
  Numerical tool and process control programmers                                             17,310       20.27      42,160        19.31
  Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic           88,980       13.54      28,170        13.18
  Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic                         37,890       14.05      29,210        13.22
  Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic                         37,210       14.81      30,810        14.33
  Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders,
         metal and plastic                                                                  248,800       13.04      27,120        12.45
  Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic        41,940       14.72      30,620        13.69
  Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders,
         metal and plastic                                                                   98,770       14.10      29,330        13.19
  Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic          70,230       15.47      32,190        15.04

  Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic             30,280       15.16      31,530        14.91
  Machinists                                                                                361,280       16.73      34,790        16.33
  Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders                                               17,150       16.13      33,560        15.74
  Pourers and casters, metal                                                                 13,670       14.68      30,530        13.92
  Model makers, metal and plastic                                                             8,030       21.57      44,870        21.28
  Patternmakers, metal and plastic                                                            5,930       18.19      37,840        17.86
  Foundry mold and coremakers                                                                17,320       14.29      29,720        13.37
  Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders,
         metal and plastic                                                                  156,480       12.47      25,940        11.63
  Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic                   97,060       14.88      30,960        14.06

  Tool and die makers                                                                        99,390       21.19      44,070        20.55
  Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers                                                  344,970       15.41      32,050        14.72
  Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders                    47,210       15.39      32,020        14.32
  Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic                 25,690       14.73      30,630        14.26
  Lay-out workers, metal and plastic                                                         11,240       16.23      33,750        15.65
  Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic             38,620       13.68      28,440        12.96
  Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners                                                      19,750       15.10      31,410        14.52
  Metal workers and plastic workers, all other                                               53,050       17.19      35,750        16.15

  Bindery workers                                                                            73,240       12.33      25,650        11.31
  Bookbinders                                                                                 7,160       14.58      30,320        13.71
  Job printers                                                                               56,770       16.23      33,750        15.41
  Prepress technicians and workers                                                           76,190       16.08      33,450        15.30
  Printing machine operators                                                                184,230       15.26      31,740        14.38
  Laundry and dry-cleaning workers                                                          218,610        8.74      18,170         8.28
  Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials                                          80,520        8.62      17,920         8.33
  Sewing machine operators                                                                  242,500        9.24      19,230         8.61
  Shoe and leather workers and repairers                                                      7,840        9.68      20,120         9.29
  Shoe machine operators and tenders                                                          4,530        9.85      20,500         9.44
  Sewers, hand                                                                               12,430       10.20      21,210         9.13
  Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers                                                    27,180       11.76      24,450        10.79
  Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders                                 21,480       10.96      22,790        10.56
  Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders                                    25,320       10.44      21,700         9.80
  Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders                       45,320       11.47      23,850        11.48
  Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders         53,490       11.41      23,740        10.87
  Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic
         and glass fibers                                                                    23,040       13.71      28,520        13.37
  Fabric and apparel patternmakers                                                            9,340       16.23      33,760        13.85
  Upholsterers                                                                               38,550       13.05      27,140        12.35
  Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other                                       21,920       10.96      22,790        10.34

  Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters                                                        121,380       12.90      26,830        12.16
  Furniture finishers                                                                        25,770       12.11      25,190        11.35
  Model makers, wood                                                                          3,210       14.82      30,820        12.94
  Patternmakers, wood                                                                         2,500       15.74      32,750        14.88
  Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood                                       56,500       11.35      23,600        10.91
  Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing                         88,870       11.43      23,780        10.93
  Woodworkers, all other                                                                     12,190       10.94      22,760        10.16

  Nuclear power reactor operators                                                             4,300       30.71      63,880        30.81
  Power distributors and dispatchers                                                          8,290       28.03      58,300        27.56
  Power plant operators                                                                      33,350       25.02      52,030        25.26
  Stationary engineers and boiler operators                                                  46,870       21.66      45,060        21.22
  Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators                                92,120       17.32      36,030        16.81
  Chemical plant and system operators                                                        59,980       21.61      44,940        21.55
  Gas plant operators                                                                        10,670       24.36      50,660        24.36
  Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers                           42,300       23.44      48,760        24.27
  Plant and system operators, all other                                                      14,930       20.14      41,900        20.10

  Chemical equipment operators and tenders                                                   48,450       18.94      39,390        18.69
  Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators,
         and tenders                                                                         38,000       16.49      34,290        15.98
  Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders                  42,600       13.70      28,490        12.96
  Grinding and polishing workers, hand                                                       44,210       12.03      25,030        11.28
  Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders                               119,320       14.06      29,240        13.51
  Cutters and trimmers, hand                                                                 28,780       11.60      24,120        10.59
  Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders                                73,250       13.46      27,990        12.82
  Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders       73,970       13.88      28,880        13.20
  Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders                               29,750       15.08      31,360        14.29
  Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers                                      495,430       15.00      31,210        13.66
  Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers                                              26,360       14.76      30,700        13.18
  Dental laboratory technicians                                                              44,540       16.21      33,720        14.93
  Medical appliance technicians                                                              10,080       15.19      31,600        13.38
  Ophthalmic laboratory technicians                                                          25,170       12.32      25,620        11.40

  Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders                                       411,660       11.59      24,110        10.67
  Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders                    96,510       13.25      27,550        12.64
  Painters, transportation equipment                                                         49,810       18.17      37,800        16.89
  Painting, coating, and decorating workers                                                  26,990       12.01      24,970        10.95
  Photographic process workers                                                               31,610       11.07      23,010         9.63
  Photographic processing machine operators                                                  53,350       10.26      21,340         9.33
  Semiconductor processors                                                                   44,440       14.46      30,070        13.85

  Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders                                         24,630       12.34      25,660        11.57
  Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders                      16,860       12.15      25,270        11.18
  Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders                                        8,790       12.18      25,340        10.96
  Etchers and engravers                                                                       8,490       12.59      26,180        11.33
  Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic                                    37,930       12.51      26,020        11.58
  Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders                                       109,560       15.01      31,220        14.63
  Tire builders                                                                              17,960       17.38      36,150        17.50
  Helpers--production workers                                                               480,430       10.35      21,530         9.70
  Production workers, all other                                                             299,950       13.47      28,010        11.38

Transportation and material moving occupations
  Aircraft cargo handling supervisors                                                         7,460       18.90      39,310        16.40
  First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand           169,860       19.45      40,460        18.40
  First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and material-moving machine
         and vehicle operators                                                              222,590       23.23      48,320        21.54
  Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers                                             78,490        (2)      129,620         (2)
  Commercial pilots                                                                          21,370        (2)       62,290         (2)
  Air traffic controllers                                                                    22,260       47.94      99,710        49.05
  Airfield operations specialists                                                             4,810       20.22      42,050        17.64

  Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians                     17,410       10.17      21,140         9.49
  Bus drivers, transit and intercity                                                        183,710       15.09      31,390        14.30
  Bus drivers, school                                                                       475,430       11.33      23,560        11.18
  Driver/sales workers                                                                      406,910       11.36      23,620         9.66
  Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer                                                1,553,370       16.63      34,580        16.11
  Truck drivers, light or delivery services                                                 938,730       12.88      26,790        11.80
  Taxi drivers and chauffeurs                                                               132,650       10.34      21,510         9.41
  Motor vehicle operators, all other                                                         85,520       11.04      22,960         9.45

  Locomotive engineers                                                                       31,180       26.29      54,680        24.30
  Locomotive firers                                                                             620       22.23      46,230        21.56
  Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers                                         6,170       18.41      38,280        17.70
  Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators                                               16,410       23.03      47,900        21.46
  Railroad conductors and yardmasters                                                        35,720       25.28      52,580        22.28
  Subway and streetcar operators                                                              8,900       22.67      47,150        23.70
  Rail transportation workers, all other                                                      7,680       19.56      40,680        19.57

  Sailors and marine oilers                                                                  27,570       14.98      31,160        14.00
  Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels                                               25,200       25.11      52,230        24.20
  Motorboat operators                                                                         2,830       16.25      33,790        15.39
  Ship engineers                                                                             10,330       27.80      57,830        26.42

  Bridge and lock tenders                                                                     3,500       17.05      35,460        17.98
  Parking lot attendants                                                                    120,080        8.48      17,650         8.08
  Service station attendants                                                                 90,640        8.92      18,560         8.29
  Traffic technicians                                                                         6,240       17.11      35,600        16.19
  Transportation inspectors                                                                  24,140       24.89      51,780        24.22
  Transportation workers, all other                                                          51,850       16.11      33,510        15.47

  Conveyor operators and tenders                                                             54,380       12.85      26,720        12.23
  Crane and tower operators                                                                  43,570       18.81      39,130        17.99
  Dredge operators                                                                            1,730       14.43      30,010        13.47
  Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators                                      67,080       16.40      34,120        15.37
  Loading machine operators, underground mining                                               3,330       16.34      34,000        15.98
  Hoist and winch operators                                                                   5,550       18.65      38,790        16.19
  Industrial truck and tractor operators                                                    631,530       13.57      28,230        12.78
  Cleaners of vehicles and equipment                                                        330,520        9.33      19,400         8.41
  Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand                                  2,390,910       10.53      21,910         9.67
  Machine feeders and offbearers                                                            149,500       11.31      23,530        10.68
  Packers and packagers, hand                                                               872,260        8.97      18,660         8.25
  Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators                                            4,680       21.56      44,850        21.07
  Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers                                                     9,810       17.79      37,000        17.04
  Wellhead pumpers                                                                           10,040       16.33      33,960        16.31
  Refuse and recyclable material collectors                                                 139,920       13.37      27,810        12.38
  Shuttle car operators                                                                       3,000       17.58      36,570        18.08
  Tank car, truck, and ship loaders                                                          16,530       16.44      34,190        15.59
  Material moving workers, all other                                                         57,390       15.29      31,800        13.87


  1 Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours;
for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from
the reported survey data.
     
  2 Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available.

  3 There is a wide variation in the number of hours worked by those employed as actors, dancers, singers, and musicians.
Many jobs are for the duration of 1 day or 1 week, and it is extremely rare for a performer to have guaranteed employment
for a period that exceeds 3 to 6 months.  Therefore only hourly wages are available for these occupations.
     
  4 Represents a wage above $70.00 per hour.