Internet address:  http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm
Technical information: (202) 691-6569    USDL 99-364


Media contact:               691-5902    For release:  10:00 A.M. EST
                                         Wednesday, December 22, 1999

                  OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES, 1998

   The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor announces
the release of national employment and wage estimates for a comprehensive
set of over 770 occupations from the Occupational Employment Statistics
(OES) survey.  The OES survey is a Federal-State cooperative program
between BLS and State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs).  The 1998 OES
data for States will be available on the BLS website in mid-January, with
data for metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) available some time thereafter.
   
   The OES survey data presented in this release have a fourth-quarter 1998
reference period and are based on information from the 1996, 1997, and 1998
surveys.  The 3 years of survey responses for employment and wage data have
been combined to produce this year's results.  The 1996 and 1997 wage data
have both been adjusted to the 1998 reference period by using the over-the-
year wage changes in the most applicable national Employment Cost Index
series.  The employment estimates from 1996, 1997, and 1998 have been
adjusted to the full universe counts for the 1998 survey reference period
based on the Covered Employment and Wages program.  (Estimates for New
Jersey were adjusted to second-quarter 1998, since data for fourth-quarter
1998 were unavailable.)  For further details, see Technical Note beginning
on page 4.
   
   The OES survey provides estimates of employment, average (mean) and
median hourly wages, and mean annual wages for over 770 detailed occupations.
(See table A-1.)  Overall, almost one-half of the occupations had mean wages
in the mid-range intervals; this result, however, was variable across the
major occupational divisions.
   
   The OES classification system has seven major occupational divisions,
as shown below.  Table A displays the number and percentage of occupations
within each division, as well as the distribution of employment by
occupational division.  The managerial, sales, and agricultural divisions
include the fewest number of occupations and the smallest employment
coverage.  The professional and production divisions include the largest
number of occupations, while also accounting for the largest share of
employment.

   The majority of occupations in the managerial and professional divisions
have average (mean) wage rates in the upper wage ranges, while the majority
of occupations in the clerical, service, and agricultural divisions have
average hourly wages in the lower wage ranges.  Table B shows the distribu-
tion of the mean wage of the occupations within each occupational division.
For example, 75 percent of managerial occupations have a mean occupational
wage above $19.24 per hour, while more than 55 percent of service occupations
have a mean occupational wage below $10.00 per hour.  Occupations in the
production division are paid hourly wages dispersed across the middle wage
ranges.


Table A. Distribution of occupations and employment by occupational
division, 1998
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                   |     Occupation       |        Employment
                   |----------------------|--------------------------
   Occupational    |          |   Percent |               |  Percent
     division      |   Number |     of    |   Number      |    of
                   |          |    total  |               |   total
-------------------|----------|-----------|---------------|-----------
   Total...........|    777   |   100.0   |  124,704,630  |   100.0
                   |          |           |               |
Managerial........ |     20   |     2.6   |    8,320,910  |     6.7
Professional...... |    214   |    27.5   |   26,427,600  |    21.2
Sales............. |     22   |     2.8   |   14,814,380  |    11.9
Clerical.......... |     77   |     9.9   |   21,665,320  |    17.4
Service........... |     64   |     8.2   |   19,942,840  |    16.0
Agricultural...... |     20   |     2.6   |    1,566,630  |     1.3
Production........ |    360   |    46.3   |   31,966,950  |    25.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------




Table B.  Wage ranges of average (mean) wages by occupation, 1998
(Percentage distribution)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               |                         Wage range
               |--------------------------------------------------------------
 Occupational  |      |$8.50 |$10.00|$11.25|$13.25|$15.75|$19.25|$24.25|$43.25
   division    | Under|  to  |   to |   to |   to |   to |   to |   to |   to
               | $8.50|$9.99 |$11.24|$13.24|$15.74|$19.24|$24.24|$43.24|$60.00
---------------|------|----- |------|------|------|------|------|------|------
Managerial.....|      |      |      |      | 20.0 |  5.0 | 15.0 | 60.0 |
Professional...|  0.5 |  2.8 |  4.2 |  4.7 | 10.3 | 18.7 | 31.3 | 26.6 |  0.9
Sale...........| 13.6 | 13.6 |  4.5 | 13.6 |      | 18.2 | 18.2 | 18.2 |
Clerical.......|  5.2 | 19.5 | 15.6 | 44.2 |  7.8 |  5.2 |  2.6 |      |
Service........| 43.8 | 12.5 | 10.9 |  9.4 |  7.8 |  4.7 |  9.4 |  1.6 |
Agricultural...| 30.0 |  5.0 | 15.0 | 40.0 | 10.0 |      |      |      |
Production.....|  4.7 |  8.9 | 15.0 | 23.3 | 23.6 | 16.9 |  6.9 |  0.6 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Technical Note


Scope of the survey

   The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is an annual mail
survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary
workers in nonfarm establishments, by industry.  The OES survey samples and
contacts approximately 400,000 establishments each year and, over 3 years,
contacts approximately 1.2 million establishments.  The reference period
for each year's survey is the fourth quarter of that year.  While estimates
can be made from a single year of data, the OES survey has been designed to
produce estimates using the full 3 years of sample.  (See Estimation
methodology section.)  The full sample allows the production of estimates
at fine levels of geography, industry, and occupational detail.
   
   BLS and the Employment and Training Administration (ETA) provide the
funding for the survey.  BLS provides the procedures and technical support,
while the State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs) collect the data.  The
SESAs produce industry-specific estimates for states and local areas.  BLS
produces industry estimates for the nation, and cross-industry estimates
for the nation, states, and metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs).
   
   The OES survey defines employment as the number of workers who can be
classified as full-time or part-time employees, including workers on paid
vacations or other types of leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences;
salaried officers, executives, and staff members of incorporated firms;
employees temporarily assigned to other units; and employees for whom the
reporting unit is their permanent duty station regardless of whether that
unit prepares their paycheck.  The survey excludes the self-employed,
owners/partners of unincorporated firms, and unpaid family workers.
Employees are reported in the occupation in which they are working, not
necessarily for which they were trained.
   
   The OES survey currently uses the Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) system to classify all establishments.  An establishment is defined
as an economic unit that processes goods or provides services, such as a
factory, mine, or store.  The establishment is generally at a single
physical location and is engaged primarily in one type of economic
activity.  The scope of the survey includes establishments in SIC codes 07,
10, 12 to 17, 20 to 42, 44 to 65, 67, 70, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78 to 84, 86,
87, and 89.  This scope covers agricultural services; mining; construction;
manufacturing; transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail
trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.  Data for the
postal service (SIC code 43) and federal government are universe counts
obtained from the Office of Personnel Management.
   
   States' Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the universe from
which the OES survey draws its sample.  The employment benchmarks are
obtained from reports submitted by employers to the UI program.  In some
nonmanufacturing industries, supplemental sources are used for
establishments not reporting to the UI program.
   
   The OES survey sample is stratified by area, industry, and size class.
Size classes are defined as follows:

                   Size class    Number of employees
                   ---------------------------------
                       1              1 to 4
                       2              5 to 9
                       3              10 to 19
                       4              20 to 49
                       5              50 to 99
                       6              100 to 249
                       7              250 to 499
                       8              500 to 999
                       9              1,000 or more
                   ---------------------------------

                                  - 2 -

   UI reporting units with 250 or more employees are sampled with certainty
across a 3-year period; however, during any one survey year, only one-third
of the certainty units are in the sample.  In 1996 and 1997, establishments
in size classes 2 to 6 were selected based on a probability sample.  The
sampling weights in size class 2 were adjusted to account for the employment
in size class 1.  In 1998, the OES Survey began sampling establishments in
size class 1; thus, establishments in all size classes are now represented in
the probability sample.
   
   The OES classification system uses seven occupational divisions to
categorize workers in one of over 770 detailed occupations.  The seven
divisions are as follows:
   
       1.   Managerial and administrative occupations
       2.   Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations
       3.   Sales and related occupations
       4.   Clerical and administrative support occupations
       5.   Service occupations
       6.   Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations
       7.   Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material
             handling occupations.

Concepts

   Employment represents the estimate of total wage and salary employment
in an occupation across the industries in which it was reported.  The OES
survey form sent to an establishment contains between 50 and 225 OES
occupations selected on the basis of the industry classification and size
class of the sampled establishments.  To reduce paperwork and respondent
burden, no survey form contains every OES occupation.  Thus, data for
specific occupations are collected primarily from establishments within
industries that are the predominant employers of labor in those occupations.
   
   Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of
premium pay.  Base rate, cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed pay,
hazardous-duty pay, incentive pay including commissions and production
bonuses, and on-call pay are included.  Excluded are back pay, jury duty
pay, overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses,
and tuition reimbursements.

   The OES survey collects wage data in 11 intervals.  Employers report the
number of employees in an occupation per each wage range.  The wage
intervals used for the 1998 survey are as follows:

          --------------------------------------------------       
                    |                Wages
                    |---------------------------------------       
                    |                  |                   
          Interval  |      Hourly      |     Annual
          ----------|----------------- |--------------------          
          Range A   | Under $6.75      | Under $14,040
          Range B   | $6.75 to $8.49   | $14,040 to $17,659
          Range C   | $8.50 to $9.99   | $17,660 to $20,779
          Range D   | $10.00 to $11.24 | $20,780 to $23,399
          Range E   | $11.25 to $13.24 | $23,400 to $27,559
          Range F   | $13.25 to $15.74 | $27,560 to $32,759
          Range G   | $15.75 to $19.24 | $32,760 to $40,039
          Range H   | $19.25 to $24.24 | $40,040 to $50,439
          Range I   | $24.25 to $43.24 | $50,440 to $89,959
          Range J   | $43.25 to $60.00 | $89,960 to $124,820
          Range K   | $60.01 and over  | $124,821 and over           
          --------------------------------------------------       

                                  - 3 -

   Mean wage is the estimated total wages for an occupation divided by its
weighted survey employment. With the exception of the upper open-ended wage
interval, interval K ($60.01 and over), a mean wage value is calculated for
each wage interval based on occupational wage data collected by the Office
of Compensation and Working Conditions.  The mean wage value for the upper
open-ended wage interval is its lower bound (Winsorized mean).  These
interval mean wage values are then attributed to all workers reported in
the interval.  For each occupation, total weighted wages in each interval
are summed across all intervals and divided by the occupation's weighted
survey employment.
   
   Annual wage:  Many employees are paid at an hourly rate by their
employers and may work less than or more than 40 hours per week.  The
annual wage estimates in this release are calculated by multiplying the
mean hourly wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours
per year (52 weeks by 40 hours).  Thus, the annual wage estimates may not
represent the actual annual pay received by the employee if they work fewer
than 2,080 hours per year.  There are a small number of occupations in this
release where only an annual wage figure is provided; the workers in these
occupations are generally paid on an annual basis, and their annual wage
has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
   
   Hourly versus annual wage reporting:  For each occupation, respondents
are asked to report the number of employees paid within specific wage
intervals.  The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the
corresponding annual rates, where the annual rates are constructed by
multiplying the hourly wage rate for the interval by the typical work year
of 2,080 hours.  In reporting, the respondent can reference either the
hourly or the annual rate, but is instructed to report the hourly rate for
part-time workers.
   
   There are workers in some occupations who are paid based on an annual
amount, but generally work less than the usual 2,080 hours per year.  Since
the survey does not collect the actual hours worked, the hourly rate cannot
be calculated with a reasonable degree of confidence from the annual wages.
For this reason, only the annual salary is reported for these occupations.
Occupations that typically have a work-year of less than 2,080 hours include
musical and entertainment occupations, pilots and flight attendants, and
teachers.
   
Estimation methodology

   The OES survey samples approximately 400,000 establishments each year
and, over a 3-year period, contacts approximately 1.2 million
establishments.  Each single-year sample represents a one-third sample of
both the certainty and non-certainty strata for the full 3-year sample
plan.  While estimates can be made from a single year of data, the OES
survey has been designed to produce estimates using the full 3 years of
data.  The full 3-year sample allows the production of estimates at fine
levels of geography, industry, and occupational detail, while estimates
using any one year of data would be subject to a higher sampling error (due
to the smaller sample size) and the limitations associated with having only
1/3 of the units from the certainty strata.  Producing estimates using the
3 years of sample data provides significant sampling error reductions
(particularly for small geographic areas and occupations); however, it also
has some quality limitations in that it requires the adjustment of earlier
years' data to the current reference period--a procedure referred to as
"wage updating."

                                    - 4 -

   1996 OES survey estimates:  The 1996 OES survey estimates, which were
published in December 1997, were from the first year of the new OES wage
survey and were developed using only a single year (that is, 400,000 sample
units) of data.  The initial estimation methodology used a weighting-class
adjustment procedure for nonrespondents and an employment benchmark at the
state/industry level.  Since 1996 estimates were based on only one year of
data, the estimation procedure did not involve "wage updating."
   
   1997 OES survey estimates:  The 1997 OES survey estimates, published in
December 1998, represented the second year of OES estimates and were
developed using both 1996 and 1997 survey data that, when combined, cover
approximately 800,000 sample units.  The 1997 estimates also represented
the first year of using a wage-updating methodology in developing the OES
survey estimates.  For the 1997 estimates, the OES program used the over-
the-year fourth-quarter wage changes from the Bureau's Employment Cost
Index to adjust the 1996 survey data before combining it with the fourth-
quarter 1997 data.  In addition to the wage-updating procedure, the 1997
estimates used an improved estimation methodology, which uses a "nearest
neighbor" imputation approach for nonrespondents and applies employment
benchmarks at a detailed MSA by 3-digit industry and broad size class
level.  Note:  Because of the difference in estimation methods for these
first 2 years of OES estimates, the data from 1997 are not strictly
comparable with those published from 1996.
   
   1998 OES survey estimates:  The 1998 OES survey estimates are developed
from the full three years of the OES sample.  The combined 1996, 1997, and
1998 data cover approximately 1.2 million sample units.  The 1998 estimates
use the wage-updating methodology introduced in 1997, which uses the over-
the-year fourth-quarter wage changes from the Bureau's Employment Cost
Index to adjust prior years' data before combining them with data from the
current year.  In addition, the 1998 estimates use the estimation methodology
introduced in 1997, which uses a "nearest neighbor" imputation approach for
nonrespondents and applies employment benchmarks at a detailed MSA by 3-digit
industry and broad size class level.
   
   Combining multiple years of data:  As noted above, combining multiple
years of data has both statistical advantages and limitations.  Significant
reductions in sampling error can be achieved by taking advantage of 3 years
of data, which covers over 70 percent of the employment in the United States.
This feature is particularly important in improving the reliability of
estimates for small domains in the population (that is, wage and employment
estimates for detailed occupations in small areas). Combining multiple years
of data also has been necessary to obtain full coverage of the certainty
strata (that is, large employers with 250+ employment); the current OES collection
cycle samples these units only once every 3 years.

                                  - 5 -

   While there are significant advantages, there are also limitations
associated with this estimation procedure in that it requires "wage
updating" for the earlier years of data.  For "wage updating" purposes, the
Bureau has used the national over-the-year wage changes from the fourth
quarter of 1996 to the fourth quarter of 1997 and from the fourth quarter
of 1997 to the fourth quarter of 1998 for the nine occupational divisions
for which ECI estimates are available.  These factors are applied to both
the 1996 and 1997 survey data to update them to the fourth-quarter 1998
level before combining them with the 1998 survey data.  Such a procedure
assumes that each occupation's wage, as measured in the earlier years,
moves according to the average movement of its occupational division and
that there are no major geographic or detailed occupational differences--
and this may not be the case.  As noted below, the Bureau will be
conducting research over the next several years on the accuracy of this
approach and also on other modeling approaches that may produce more
accurate results.
   
   Future research:  The expanded OES survey is a relatively new program,
and BLS has a number of research efforts underway.  Some areas of
future research are given below.
   
   Sample design research--BLS is evaluating the feasibility of
collecting all certainty units (that is, large employers of 250+) every year
so that more accurate independent estimates from a single year of sample
data can be produced.  These estimates will not contain possible effects
from the wage-updating procedure and can provide an independent measure of
the accuracy of the updating procedure along with the ability to use these
data directly for more aggregate levels of publication.
   
   Collection methodology research--This includes research on alternative
electronic collection reporting procedures for respondents.
   
   Estimation methodology research--An important research effort over the
next several years will be the evaluation of the current wage-updating
methodology along with the identification of alternative modeling
approaches that may produce improved overall accuracy.
   
Additional information
   
   The 1998 OES national data by occupation, comparable to data in table A-1,
will be available soon on the Internet (http://stats.bls.gov/oeshome.htm),
along with additional technical information.  Users also may access each
occupation's definition and percentile wages.  The 1998 OES data for States
will be available on the BLS website in mid-January, with data for metro-
politan statistical areas (MSAs) available some time thereafter.
   
   In addition to the data provided on the Internet, industry staffing
patterns at the 2- and 3-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
levels will be available electronically beginning in January 2000.  These
data will include industry-specific occupational employment and wage data.
BLS also plans to release a bulletin displaying 1998 occupational
employment and wage data for selected industries in the spring of 2000.
   
   For additional information, contact the Office of Employment and
Unemployment Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics, Room 4840,
2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, DC, 20212; telephone 202-691-6569
(e-mail: oesinfo@bls.gov).
   
   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone:  202-606-5886; TDD message referral
phone number:  1-800-877-8339.
   
      Table A-1.  National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, 1998


      Occupation                                                           Employment      Mean Wages      Median Wages
                                                                                        Hourly   Annual /1

      Managerial and administrative occupations
       Financial managers                                                     674,040    $28.56   $59,400    $26.48
       Personnel, training, and labor relations managers                      228,250     25.10    52,210     23.56
       Purchasing managers                                                    164,830     22.39    46,560     20.11
       Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers                  477,540     28.85    60,020     27.55
       Administrative services managers                                       357,720     23.70    49,290     21.33
       Engineering, mathematical, and natural sciences managers               345,790     34.54    71,850     36.22
       Postmasters and mail superintendents                                    27,230     22.28    46,350     21.51
       Education administrators                                               369,100     27.77    57,770     29.04
       Medicine and health services managers                                  213,040     25.17    52,340     23.49

       Property and real estate managers and administrators                   147,340     17.32    36,020     14.39
       Industrial production managers                                         210,730     27.79    57,800     27.08
       Construction managers                                                  238,780     24.97    51,930     22.89
       Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas well drilling managers                8,770     30.30    63,020     30.50
       Communications, transportation, and utilities operations managers      195,580     26.11    54,310     25.39
       Food service and lodging managers                                      355,880     14.12    29,370     12.84
       Nursery and greenhouse managers                                          2,510     14.49    30,140     12.19
       Lawn service managers                                                   17,770     13.56    28,210     12.22
       Public administration chief executives, legislators, and general
        administrators                                                         78,140     15.54    32,320      9.20
       General managers and top executives                                  3,261,680     30.08    62,570     26.87

      Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations
       Insurance underwriters                                                  90,750     20.42    42,480     18.61
       Credit analysts                                                         41,230     19.19    39,920     17.11
       Loan officers and counselors                                           235,360     20.05    41,700     16.99
       Tax preparers                                                           55,400     15.55    32,350     13.44
       Accountants and auditors                                               878,920     20.13    41,880     18.20
       Budget analysts                                                         59,600     22.94    47,710     21.61

       Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products                      100,460     17.31    36,010     15.17
       Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products                             24,160     17.54    36,490     15.42
       Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products         215,600     19.87    41,320     18.29
       Claims takers, unemployment benefits                                    10,500     15.57    32,390     14.96
       Special agents, insurance                                               26,220     21.43    44,570     17.69
       Employment interviewers, private or public employment service           68,350     17.63    36,660     14.33
       Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists                   371,900     19.47    40,500     18.13
       Cost estimators                                                        150,600     21.11    43,910     19.52
       Management analysts                                                    146,830     25.95    53,970     23.78
       Construction and building inspectors                                    64,340     18.69    38,870     18.05
       Compliance officers and enforcement inspectors, except construction    173,680     19.18    39,880     17.70
       Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents                           58,320     19.92    41,440     19.01
       Assessors                                                               22,020     15.43    32,090     14.34
       Claims examiners, property and casualty insurance                       47,940     20.79    43,240     19.28

       Aeronautical and astronautical engineers                                54,670     30.26    62,950     32.19
       Metallurgists and metallurgical, ceramic, and materials engineers       15,850     27.40    57,000     27.87
       Mining engineers, including mine safety                                  3,240     26.43    54,970     26.97
       Petroleum engineers                                                     10,230     33.70    70,090     35.70
       Chemical engineers                                                      41,420     29.44    61,240     31.13
       Nuclear engineers                                                       10,260     32.70    68,020     34.28
       Civil engineers, including traffic                                     171,580     26.28    54,660     25.70
       Agricultural engineers                                                   3,190     25.82    53,710     25.25
       Electrical and electronic engineers                                    328,410     28.69    59,670     29.93

       Computer engineers                                                     300,830    $28.77   $59,850    $29.77
       Industrial engineers, except safety                                    113,480     26.18    54,450     25.30
       Safety engineers, except mining                                         21,940     25.56    53,170     24.52
       Mechanical engineers                                                   216,100     26.23    54,550     25.62
       Marine engineers                                                         3,890     25.40    52,830     23.10
       Architects, except landscape and marine                                 72,480     24.85    51,680     22.94
       Marine architects                                                        1,230     29.89    62,170     32.27
       Landscape architects                                                    14,150     20.37    42,370     18.23
       Surveyors and mapping scientists                                        38,850     19.77    41,120     18.10

       Civil engineering technicians and technologists                         72,480     17.34    36,060     16.55
       Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists    299,020     18.32    38,110     17.30
       Industrial engineering technicians and technologists                    31,260     19.84    41,270     18.42
       Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists                    87,450     19.84    41,280     18.83
       Drafters                                                               263,770     16.60    34,540     15.47
       Estimators and drafters, utilities                                       5,270     22.76    47,340     22.12
       Surveying and mapping technicians                                       59,550     13.68    28,450     12.47

       Physicists and astronomers                                               8,380     33.23    69,120     35.21
       Chemists, except biochemists                                            80,420     23.80    49,510     22.22
       Atmospheric and space scientists                                         6,460     25.71    53,480     26.17
       Geologists, geophysicists, and oceanographers                           32,890     27.50    57,210     25.91

       Foresters and conservation scientists                                   24,780     21.21    44,110     20.56
       Agricultural and food scientists                                         9,410     21.53    44,780     20.36
       Biological scientists                                                   72,960     24.04    49,990     22.18
       Medical scientists                                                      16,760     27.44    57,060     24.23

       Biological, agricultural, and food technicians and technologists,
        except health                                                          40,480     14.51    30,190     13.19
       Chemical technicians and technologists, except health                   76,210     15.85    32,980     15.12
       Nuclear technicians and technologists                                    3,550     23.21    48,280     22.10
       Petroleum technicians and technologists                                  8,020     20.13    41,860     19.29

       Systems analysts, electronic data processing                           552,530     26.02    54,110     25.09
       Data base administrators                                                89,680     24.28    50,490     23.07
       Computer support specialists                                           455,950     19.52    40,590     17.85
       Computer programmers                                                   573,850     25.67    53,400     23.83
       Computer programmer aides                                               65,620     15.35    31,930     14.20
       Programmers, numerical tool and process control                          8,980     20.66    42,970     19.47

       Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer        76,820     24.93    51,860     23.59
       Mathematical scientists                                                  7,270     20.12    41,840     17.58
       Statisticians                                                           15,750     24.62    51,210     23.34
       Actuaries                                                               12,470     31.86    66,270     31.52
       Financial analysts, statistical                                         44,720     26.07    54,230     22.45
       Mathematical technicians                                                 2,530     17.12    35,620     14.64

       Economists, including market research analysts                          54,590     25.58    53,200     23.24
       Urban and regional planners                                             32,730     21.68    45,100     20.61
       Psychologists                                                           84,380     24.81    51,610     23.10
       Social workers, medical and psychiatric                                218,170     16.39    34,090     15.20
       Social workers, except medical and psychiatric                         365,600     15.52    32,280     14.41
       Residential counselors                                                 175,310      9.86    20,510      9.06

       Human services workers                                                 270,380    $10.93   $22,740    $10.27
       Recreation workers                                                     235,170      9.15    19,030      7.93
       Clergy                                                                  29,250     15.04    31,280     13.89
       Directors, religious activities and education                           10,850     12.99    27,020     12.04

       Judges and magistrates                                                  24,850     29.85    62,080     32.16
       Adjudicators, hearings officers, and judicial reviewers                 57,990     17.43    36,260     16.29
       Lawyers                                                                428,340     36.49    75,890     37.58
       Law clerks                                                              43,770     13.88    28,880     13.19
       Paralegal personnel                                                    128,810     16.79    34,920     15.75
       Title searchers                                                         11,000     12.49    25,980     11.51
       Title examiners and abstractors                                         16,820     15.31    31,850     13.99

       Lecturers                                                               14,340     14.31    29,760     11.46
       Nursing instructors, postsecondary                                      38,660        /2    46,810        /2
       Graduate assistants, teaching                                          106,410        /2    21,180        /2
       Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary                           10,900        /2    58,430        /2
       Life sciences teachers, postsecondary                                   36,580        /2    53,550        /2
       Chemistry teachers, postsecondary                                       14,890        /2    50,290        /2
       Physics teachers, postsecondary                                          9,580        /2    54,960        /2

       Health diagnostics teachers, postsecondary                              36,990        /2    72,320        /2
       Health assessment and treatment teachers, postsecondary                 21,460        /2    52,990        /2

       Communications teachers, postsecondary                                  14,470        /2    43,610        /2
       English language and literature teachers, postsecondary                 52,440        /2    44,990        /2
       Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary                 19,360        /2    44,780        /2
       Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary                           48,430        /2    45,000        /2
       Engineering teachers, postsecondary                                     25,230        /2    61,560        /2
       Architecture teachers, postsecondary                                     5,060        /2    52,980        /2

       Mathematical sciences teachers, postsecondary                           39,820        /2    46,750        /2
       Computer science teachers, postsecondary                                24,470        /2    46,880        /2
       Anthropology and sociology teachers, postsecondary                      13,350        /2    49,300        /2
       Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary               3,830        /2    49,990        /2
       Economics teachers, postsecondary                                       10,310        /2    55,740        /2
       Geography teachers, postsecondary                                        3,460        /2    51,860        /2
       History teachers, postsecondary                                         16,070        /2    48,660        /2
       Political science teachers, postsecondary                               10,270        /2    51,020        /2
       Psychology teachers, postsecondary                                      22,400        /2    49,800        /2

       Business teachers, postsecondary                                        51,840        /2    50,530        /2
       Law teachers, postsecondary                                              8,860        /2    66,670        /2
       Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary             7,660        /2    42,860        /2
       Social work teachers, postsecondary                                      4,790        /2    43,420        /2
       Education teachers, postsecondary                                       34,380        /2    43,430        /2
       Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary                         13,720        /2    46,090        /2
       Library science teachers, postsecondary                                  2,980        /2    46,420        /2
       Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies teachers
        postsecondary                                                           7,900        /2    44,040        /2
       Home economics teachers, postsecondary                                   3,440        /2    45,740        /2

       Teachers, preschool                                                    289,290      9.39    19,530      8.32
       Teachers, kindergarten                                                 156,110        /2    35,450        /2
       Teachers, elementary school                                          1,577,030        /2    38,600        /2
       Teachers, secondary school                                           1,326,580        /2    40,350        /2
       Teachers, special education                                            390,250        /2    40,580        /2

       Teachers and instructors, vocational education and training            312,520    $17.62   $36,660    $16.55
       Instructors, nonvocational education                                   123,970     13.60    28,280     11.92
       Instructors and coaches, sports and physical training                  301,710     12.68    26,360     10.69
       Farm and home management advisors                                       11,100     19.01    39,540     17.88

       Librarians, professional                                               143,270     19.24    40,020     18.49
       Technical assistants, library                                           70,030     10.91    22,680     10.45
       Audio-visual specialists                                                14,010     16.81    34,970     15.85
       Curators, archivists, museum technicians, and conservators              12,150     16.80    34,950     15.26
       Vocational and educational counselors                                  171,780     19.51    40,580     18.58
       Instructional coordinators                                              87,730     19.86    41,300     18.69
       Teacher aides, paraprofessional                                        655,030      8.21    17,080      7.83

       Physicians and surgeons                                                497,470     49.05   102,020        /3
       Dentists                                                                81,510     44.40    92,350     52.96
       Optometrists                                                            23,500     31.48    65,490     32.93
       Podiatrists                                                              7,510     36.15    75,200     38.23
       Chiropractors                                                           17,630     32.41    67,420     30.74
       Veterinarians and veterinary inspectors                                 37,150     27.47    57,140     24.50

       Respiratory therapists                                                  84,730     17.14    35,660     16.75
       Occupational therapists                                                 64,730     24.65    51,260     23.19
       Physical therapists                                                    111,480     27.49    57,190     27.21
       Corrective and manual arts therapists                                    2,240     16.66    34,660     16.63
       Speech-language pathologists and audiologists                           88,390     22.12    46,010     20.71
       Recreational therapists                                                 23,300     13.98    29,080     13.35

       Registered nurses                                                    2,027,830     20.71    43,070     19.56
       Licensed practical nurses                                              673,790     13.48    28,040     12.95
       Emergency medical technicians                                          145,520     10.75    22,360      9.75
       Physician assistants                                                    62,000     22.48    46,760     22.64
       Opticians, dispensing and measuring                                     63,720     11.78    24,510     10.79
       Pharmacists                                                            178,110     28.89    60,090     31.84
       Pharmacy technicians and aides                                         174,970      9.12    18,970      8.65
       Dietitians and nutritionists                                            44,840     17.37    36,120     16.85
       Dietetic technicians                                                    23,950     10.18    21,180      9.39
       Medical and clinical laboratory technologists                          151,100     18.36    38,190     17.92
       Medical and clinical laboratory technicians                            133,810     13.38    27,840     12.64

       Dental hygienists                                                      140,750     22.39    46,570     22.06
       Medical records technicians                                             89,570     10.57    21,990      9.90
       Radiation therapists                                                    12,610     19.88    41,360     19.06
       Nuclear medicine technologists                                          13,360     19.81    41,210     19.05
       Radiologic technologists                                               157,480     16.51    34,340     15.81
       Electroneurodiagnostic technologists                                     6,390     16.02    33,310     15.42
       Cardiology technologists                                                19,630     17.44    36,270     17.20
       Electrocardiograph technicians                                          13,480     12.67    26,350     11.71
       Surgical technologists and technicians                                  53,230     12.76    26,540     12.39
       Psychiatric technicians                                                 65,120     10.81    22,490     10.04
       Veterinary technicians and technologists                                33,600      9.87    20,520      9.56

       Writers and editors                                                    133,260     18.91    39,340     16.62
       Technical writers and editors                                           49,180     21.24    44,190     19.75
       Public relations specialists and publicity writers                      98,240     18.65    38,790     16.61
       Reporters and correspondents                                            52,380     15.59    32,430     12.52

       Broadcast news analysts                                                  6,130    $21.53   $44,790    $15.19
       Announcers, radio and television                                        49,130     11.77    24,470      8.63
       Announcers, except radio and television                                  1,410     10.57    21,990      8.22
       Photographers                                                           62,990     12.25    25,480     10.07
       Camera operators, television and motion picture                         11,650     13.36    27,790     10.35
       Broadcast technicians                                                   37,240     15.29    31,790     12.15
       Film editors                                                            10,240     21.26    44,220     18.64

       Artists and related workers                                            136,620     17.21    35,790     15.24
       Designers, except interior designers                                   196,400     16.24    33,790     14.04
       Interior designers                                                      34,050     17.34    36,070     15.27
       Merchandise displayers and window trimmers                              35,310      9.61    19,990      8.74
       Music directors, singers, composers, and related workers                13,530        /2    30,610        /2
       Musicians, instrumental                                                 43,980        /2    41,800        /2
       Dancers and choreographers                                              18,630     12.17    25,320     10.30
       Producers, directors, actors, and other entertainers                   108,800        /2    36,660        /2
       Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers                         28,100        /2    35,700        /2

       Airplane dispatchers and air traffic controllers                        28,600     28.51    59,290     31.19
       Traffic technicians                                                      6,790     17.54    36,480     16.48
       Radio operators                                                          6,260     11.05    22,980     10.27
       Funeral directors and morticians                                        26,780     19.26    40,070     16.85
       Embalmers                                                                5,840     14.76    30,700     13.55

      Sales and related occupations
       First-line supervisors and managers/supervisors                      1,708,700     17.30    35,990     14.22
       Sales agents and placers, insurance                                    254,870     20.61    42,880     16.53
       Brokers, real estate                                                    27,900     26.06    54,210     21.94
       Sales agents, real estate                                               79,970     17.91    37,260     13.47
       Appraisers, real estate                                                 32,440     21.32    44,340     19.37
       Sales agents, securities, commodities, and financial services          237,430     29.70    61,780     23.12
       Sales agents, selected business services                               285,510     19.35    40,250     16.78
       Travel agents                                                          120,850     11.53    23,990     11.07
       Sales agents, advertising                                              128,360     18.85    39,200     15.31

       Sales engineers                                                         80,530     27.51    57,210     26.25
       Sales representatives, scientific and related products
        and services, except retail                                           441,570     24.28    50,500     21.49
       Sales representatives, except retail and scientific and related
        products and services                                               1,137,880     20.23    42,080     17.57
       Salespersons, retail                                                 3,923,110      9.12    18,970      7.61
       Salespersons, parts                                                    291,320     12.14    25,240     10.93
       Counter and rental clerks                                              458,910      7.76    16,140      6.97
       Stock clerks, sales floor                                            1,297,270      8.00    16,640      7.31
       Cashiers                                                             3,156,260      7.31    15,210      6.58
       Telemarketers, door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, 
        and other related workers                                             450,430      9.39    19,540      8.21
       Demonstrators and promoters                                             80,430      9.34    19,420      8.14
       Models                                                                   1,290     11.01    22,900      8.32

      Clerical and administrative support occupations
       First-line supervisors and managers/supervisors                      1,514,200     16.34    33,990     14.95
       Tellers                                                                565,440      8.49    17,650      8.27
       New accounts clerks                                                    108,520     10.46    21,750     10.26
       Transit clerks                                                          12,640      9.03    18,790      8.48
       Loan interviewers                                                       16,380     11.98    24,920     11.15
       Credit authorizers                                                      14,730     12.23    25,430     11.05

       Credit checkers                                                         38,460    $11.29   $23,480    $10.36
       Loan and credit clerks                                                 189,300     11.45    23,810     10.86
       Adjustment clerks                                                      536,610     11.17    23,240     10.59
       Statement clerks                                                        16,180      9.37    19,490      8.96
       Brokerage clerks                                                        76,900     14.45    30,050     13.42

       Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators                      156,950     19.54    40,640     18.41
       Insurance appraisers, auto damage                                       10,570     19.85    41,280     19.23
       Insurance examining clerks                                              11,440     12.08    25,130     11.42
       Insurance claims clerks                                                155,510     11.95    24,860     11.54
       Insurance policy processing clerks                                     156,580     12.02    25,010     11.52

       Welfare eligibility workers and interviewers                            82,270     16.83    35,010     15.91
       Investigators, clerical                                                 14,100     12.23    25,440     11.17
       Bill and account collectors                                            288,190     11.32    23,550     10.84
       Court clerks                                                            45,130     11.67    24,280     11.04
       Municipal clerks                                                        24,810     12.15    25,270     10.97
       License clerks                                                          23,020     11.39    23,690     11.01
       Travel clerks                                                           18,360      9.51    19,780      8.70
       Reservation and transportation ticket agents                           202,930     12.26    25,490     10.95
       Hotel desk clerks                                                      163,590      7.53    15,660      7.29

       Library assistants and bookmobile drivers                              126,730      8.81    18,320      8.17
       Teacher aides and educational assistants, clerical                     471,340      7.80    16,220      7.36
       Advertising clerks                                                      14,700     10.36    21,550      9.88
       Proofreaders and copy markers                                           33,830     10.12    21,060      8.95
       Real estate clerks                                                      28,290      9.57    19,900      9.07

       Legal secretaries                                                      298,930     14.90    30,990     14.45
       Medical secretaries                                                    224,240     11.26    23,430     10.77
       Secretaries, except legal and medical                                2,440,280     11.86    24,670     11.32
       Stenographers and/or court reporters                                    79,450     13.10    27,240     12.22
       Receptionists and information clerks                                 1,251,450      9.26    19,260      8.95
       Typists, including word processing                                     381,040     11.23    23,350     10.86
       Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping                       141,180     12.25    25,480     11.71
       Correspondence clerks                                                   24,590     11.16    23,210     10.71
       File clerks                                                            259,300      8.63    17,950      8.09

       Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service                      365,990     10.99    22,850     10.36
       Procurement clerks                                                      59,880     11.52    23,970     10.88
       Statistical clerks                                                      55,040     12.02    24,990     11.24
       Interviewing clerks, except personnel and social welfare               137,610      9.37    19,490      8.91
       Customer service representatives, utilities                            201,350     14.16    29,450     13.48
       Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks                         1,740,470     11.71    24,350     11.15
       Payroll and timekeeping clerks                                         165,650     12.31    25,610     11.81
       Billing, cost, and rate clerks                                         333,970     11.36    23,620     10.90
       General office clerks                                                2,956,920     10.06    20,920      9.41

       Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators                     88,600     10.22    21,260      9.88
       Duplicating machine operators                                           53,510      9.77    20,320      9.39
       Mail machine operators, preparation and handling                        57,450      9.10    18,930      8.30
       Computer operators, except peripheral equipment                        198,920     12.92    26,860     12.03
       Peripheral EDP equipment operators                                      25,130     11.89    24,730     10.99
       Data entry keyers, except composing                                    399,000      9.64    20,040      9.22
       Data keyers, composing                                                  17,520     10.21    21,250      9.39

       Switchboard operators                                                  203,110     $9.19   $19,110     $8.76
       Directory assistance operators                                          26,170     13.63    28,350     14.68
       Central office operators                                                19,960     12.60    26,210     12.61
       Telegraph and teletype operators                                         5,270     12.18    25,330     12.63

       Mail clerks, except mail machine operators and postal service          117,210      9.02    18,760      8.49
       Postal mail carriers                                                   351,760     16.39    34,090     16.75
       Postal service clerks                                                   78,350     16.22    33,740     16.88
       Messengers                                                              95,000      8.59    17,860      8.02
       Dispatchers, police, fire, and ambulance                                81,940     11.97    24,900     11.38
       Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance                        166,220     13.79    28,690     12.68

       Production, planning, and expediting clerks                            257,640     14.78    30,740     14.07
       Transportation agents                                                   26,980     12.39    25,770     11.08
       Meter readers, utilities                                                51,260     12.96    26,950     12.20
       Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping              44,820     12.03    25,020     10.72
       Marking clerks                                                          24,530      8.22    17,100      7.90
       Stock clerks - stockroom, warehouse or storage yard                    812,730     10.03    20,860      9.19
       Order fillers, wholesale and retail sales                              239,700      9.73    20,240      9.15
       Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks                                994,290     11.65    24,230     10.82

      Service occupations
       Fire fighting and prevention supervisors                                54,590     21.94    45,630     21.55
       Police and detective supervisors                                       109,330     24.08    50,080     23.41
       Housekeeping supervisors                                                87,440     10.20    21,220      9.42
       Fire inspectors                                                          8,980     20.56    42,770     19.76
       Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists                        3,190     17.87    37,160     18.00
       Fire fighters                                                          226,290     15.63    32,500     14.99
       Police detectives                                                       53,360     21.20    44,100     20.82
       Police patrol officers                                                 425,870     18.78    39,060     18.13
       Correction officers and jailers                                        387,930     14.69    30,550     13.72
       Parking enforcement officers                                            10,100     12.19    25,350     11.95

       Bailiffs                                                                 8,870     12.38    25,750     11.17
       Criminal investigators, public service                                  21,330     26.48    55,080     28.78
       Sheriffs and deputy sheriffs                                            87,170     14.64    30,460     13.59
       Detectives and investigators, except public                             45,450     12.16    25,300     10.11
       Railroad and transit police and special agents                           5,140     19.49    40,540     19.40
       Fish and game wardens                                                    7,080     17.28    35,940     16.85
       Crossing guards                                                         55,070      8.20    17,050      7.18
       Guards and watch guards                                                942,140      8.60    17,890      7.81

       Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, or coffee shop                256,650      6.88    14,310      6.45
       Bartenders                                                             436,820      6.82    14,190      6.25
       Waiters and waitresses                                               1,992,130      6.11    12,700      5.85
       Food servers, outside                                                   63,170      7.50    15,600      6.88
       Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers             387,970      6.44    13,390      6.03
       Counter attendants - lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria              346,040      6.57    13,670      6.15

       Bakers, bread and pastry                                               161,840      8.84    18,380      8.17
       Butchers and meat cutters                                              142,730     11.48    23,870     10.95
       Cooks, restaurant                                                      749,380      8.30    17,270      7.81
       Cooks, institution or cafeteria                                        375,370      8.22    17,100      7.74
       Cooks, fast food                                                       491,660      6.29    13,090      5.99

       Cooks, short order                                                     163,580     $7.28   $15,150     $6.92
       Food preparation workers                                             1,238,830      7.09    14,740      6.59
       Combined food preparation and service workers                        1,620,430      6.39    13,290      6.02

       Dental assistants                                                      231,380     11.22    23,330     10.88
       Medical assistants                                                     271,540     10.18    21,160      9.94
       Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants                             1,258,130      8.31    17,290      7.99
       Home health aides                                                      430,440      8.17    16,990      7.81
       Psychiatric aides                                                       78,450     10.94    22,760     10.66
       Physical and corrective therapy assistants and aides                    76,590     12.02    24,990     10.51
       Occupational therapy assistants and aides                               20,350     14.28    29,710     13.80
       Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical
        technicians                                                            17,030      9.00    18,730      8.16

       Maids and housekeeping cleaners                                        889,700      7.28    15,140      6.85
       Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners        1,966,150      8.44    17,570      7.66
       Pest controllers and assistants                                         48,750     11.11    23,100     10.81
       Elevator operators                                                       2,740     14.77    30,730     15.52

       Barbers                                                                 12,450     10.05    20,900      8.88
       Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists                         329,640      8.55    17,790      7.28
       Manicurists                                                             32,080      7.60    15,800      6.49
       Shampooers                                                              14,250      6.46    13,440      6.04

       Amusement and recreation attendants                                    317,880      6.84    14,220      6.18
       Guides                                                                  26,270      8.26    17,180      7.46
       Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers                             72,780      6.43    13,380      6.00
       Baggage porters and bellhops                                            37,630      7.13    14,820      6.41
       Flight attendants                                                      111,170        /2    42,690        /2

       Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and baggage
        porters                                                                21,110     10.67    22,190      8.47
       Wardrobe, and locker and dressing room attendants                        7,600      8.36    17,390      7.37
       Personal and home care aides                                           255,960      7.51    15,620      7.17
       Child care workers                                                     379,920      7.13    14,820      6.61
       Funeral attendants                                                      22,520      7.98    16,600      7.34

      Agricultural, forestry, fishing, and related occupations
       First-line supervisors and managers/supervisors                         51,350     14.49    30,150     13.18
       Fallers and buckers                                                     11,040     13.85    28,800     11.30
       Choke setters                                                            2,600     13.10    27,250     13.01
       Log-handling equipment operators                                        19,770     12.06    25,090     11.38
       Logging tractor operators                                               17,350     11.46    23,830     10.94
       Forest and conservation workers                                         21,650     11.98    24,910     11.13
       Log graders and scalers                                                  4,270     11.65    24,230     11.04
       Graders and sorters, agricultural products                              70,300      7.05    14,660      6.45
       Animal breeders                                                          1,450     12.23    25,440     10.79
       Animal trainers                                                          4,120     11.25    23,400     10.17
       Animal caretakers, except farm                                          91,580      7.82    16,260      7.12

       Farm equipment operators                                                20,310      8.21    17,070      7.57
       Pruners                                                                 29,670     11.00    22,890     10.61
       Sprayers/applicators                                                    18,180     10.65    22,160     10.41
       Laborers, landscaping and groundskeeping                               872,860      9.22    19,170      8.24
       Veterinary assistants                                                   46,260      8.10    16,850      7.79
       Farmworkers, food and fiber crops                                      178,710      6.27    13,040      6.02
       Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals                                     11,060      7.89    16,410      7.39

       First-line supervisors and managers/supervisors:
            Mechanics, installers, and repairers                              431,090    $20.28   $42,190    $19.04
            Construction trades and extractive workers                        355,180     20.34    42,310     18.98
            Production and operating workers                                  615,170     18.71    38,910     17.46
            Transportation and material-moving machine and vehicle
             operators                                                        147,510     18.49    38,460     17.66
            Helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand                      148,990     15.52    32,280     14.58

       Precision inspectors, testers, and graders                             153,900     14.44    30,040     13.30
       Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and
        weighers                                                              453,750     11.71    24,360     10.62
       Transportation inspectors                                               19,930     18.74    38,980     19.02

       Machinery maintenance mechanics                                        277,910     15.69    32,630     15.21
       Machinery maintenance mechanics, textile machines                       28,540     12.13    25,230     11.97
       Machinery maintenance mechanics, sewing machines                         8,860     11.44    23,800     11.13
       Machinery maintenance mechanics, marine equipment                       12,110     15.05    31,310     14.19

       Underground mine machinery mechanics                                     5,800     18.44    38,340     18.00
       Machinery maintenance mechanics, water or power generation plant        58,920     18.76    39,020     18.57
       Millwrights                                                             79,930     17.97    37,390     17.76
       Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons                       2,040     14.63    30,430     14.23
       Machinery maintenance workers                                           86,590     14.93    31,060     14.54
       Maintenance repairers, general utility                               1,116,920     12.11    25,200     11.20

       Automotive mechanics                                                   631,280     13.97    29,060     13.16
       Automotive body and related repairers                                  184,260     14.34    29,820     13.18
       Motorcycle repairers                                                    10,460     11.90    24,760     11.27
       Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists                  237,140     14.66    30,490     14.11
       Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines                       100,190     15.71    32,670     15.16
       Rail car repairers                                                      13,270     17.47    36,330     17.47
       Farm equipment mechanics                                                34,140     11.31    23,530     10.94
       Aircraft mechanics                                                     112,100     18.34    38,150     18.09
       Aircraft engine specialists                                             15,660     19.22    39,980     20.03
       Small engine specialists                                                28,430     10.82    22,500     10.38

       Central office and pbx installers and repairers                         41,950     20.63    42,910     21.00
       Frame wirers, central office                                            14,500     22.21    46,200     22.17
       Telegraph and teletype installers and maintainers                        1,030     19.31    40,170     21.43
       Signal or track switch maintainers                                       4,810     19.50    40,550     18.48
       Radio mechanics                                                          7,350     15.46    32,150     14.71

       Telephone and cable television line installers and repairers           193,850     16.56    34,450     15.75
       Data processing equipment repairers                                     61,680     15.15    31,520     14.11
       Electronic home entertainment equipment repairers                       27,990     12.18    25,340     11.32
       Electric home appliance and power tool repairers                        30,220     12.47    25,930     11.62
       Electric motor, transformer, and related repairers                      17,230     13.94    28,990     13.33
       Electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment              66,360     17.21    35,800     17.11
       Powerhouse, substation, and relay electricians                           9,040     23.17    48,200     22.64
       Electrical power-line installers and repairers                          97,000     20.46    42,550     20.48
       Station installers and repairers, telephone                             23,660     18.44    38,360     19.06
       Electrical installers and repairers, transportation equipment           21,310     16.20    33,690     16.28

       Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics                 246,730     14.88    30,960     14.02
       Precision instrument repairers                                          31,050     18.81    39,120     19.03
       Electromedical and biomedical equipment repairers                       12,540     16.54    34,410     16.44

       Electric meter installers and repairers                                 12,450    $19.22   $39,970    $19.64
       Camera and photographic equipment repairers                              3,660     14.92    31,030     13.62
       Watchmakers                                                              3,090     13.17    27,390     11.82
       Musical instrument repairers and tuners                                  4,760     11.99    24,940     11.06
       Locksmiths and safe repairers                                           13,650     12.81    26,640     11.97
       Office machine and cash register servicers                              53,710     14.34    29,830     13.38

       Mechanical control and valve installers and repairers                   20,640     16.92    35,190     17.14
       Elevator installers and repairers                                       21,360     24.00    49,910     23.01
       Riggers                                                                 12,850     15.75    32,750     15.27
       Installers and repairers, manufactured buildings, mobile homes,
        and travel trailers                                                    37,330     10.81    22,490     10.30
       Gas appliance repairers                                                 11,440     15.93    33,130     15.93
       Coin and vending machine servicers and repairers                        28,600     11.57    24,070     11.18
       Bicycle repairers                                                        8,260      7.91    16,460      7.55
       Tire repairers and changers                                             80,700      8.58    17,850      8.08
       Menders, garments, linens, and related                                   8,510      7.99    16,610      7.69

       Carpenters                                                             761,920     15.20    31,610     13.82
       Ceiling tile installers and acoustical carpenters                       16,430     16.92    35,190     15.27
       Drywall installers                                                      85,910     15.50    32,240     14.02
       Tapers                                                                  34,910     16.56    34,440     15.41
       Lathers                                                                 13,570     16.16    33,600     14.41
       Brattice builders                                                          440     15.90    33,070     16.30

       Electricians                                                           601,250     18.05    37,530     16.98
       Brickmasons                                                            101,840     17.81    37,040     17.10
       Stonemasons                                                             15,630     16.44    34,190     15.49
       Hard tile setters                                                       17,630     16.93    35,220     16.26
       Concrete and terrazzo finishers                                        141,480     13.82    28,740     12.39

       Reinforcing metal workers                                               21,770     17.36    36,120     15.79
       Plasterers and stucco masons                                            36,910     15.34    31,910     14.13
       Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance                277,240     13.45    27,980     12.07
       Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters                                362,550     18.00    37,430     16.67
       Pipelaying fitters                                                       5,690     16.50    34,310     16.49
       Pipelayers                                                              47,650     13.61    28,310     11.96
       Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners                           10,450     13.36    27,790     12.22

       Carpet installers                                                       31,630     14.81    30,800     12.73
       Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles                       13,310     15.04    31,280     12.93
       Floor sanding machine operators                                          4,200     12.00    24,970     11.23

       Air hammer operators                                                     2,260     15.19    31,600     13.41
       Pile-driver operators                                                    2,280     20.54    42,720     20.61
       Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators                      76,140     13.14    27,340     11.78
       Highway maintenance workers                                            160,140     12.40    25,780     11.77
       Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators                   15,670     16.82    34,990     16.50

       Insulation workers                                                      58,830     13.82    28,750     12.25
       Hazardous materials removal workers                                     35,340     14.60    30,370     13.28
       Sheet metal duct installers                                             48,780     15.63    32,520     13.48
       Roofers                                                                105,900     13.63    28,340     12.18
       Glaziers                                                                39,240     13.95    29,020     12.70
       Structural metal workers                                                59,060     17.09    35,550     15.81
       Fence erectors                                                          18,300     10.33    21,490      9.53

       Earth drillers, except oil and gas                                      16,510    $14.54   $30,240    $13.41
       Blasters and explosives workers                                          4,420     15.40    32,020     14.86
       Rock splitters, quarry                                                   2,530     10.87    22,600     10.59
       Rotary drill operators, oil and gas extraction                           9,160     17.58    36,560     15.36
       Derrick operators, oil and gas extraction                               13,110     13.81    28,720     12.53
       Service unit operators                                                  13,190     11.94    24,840     10.76
       Roustabouts                                                             26,310     10.40    21,630      9.51
       Roof bolters                                                             3,890     17.90    37,240     17.51
       Continuous mining machine operators                                      5,770     17.10    35,580     16.70
       Mine cutting and channeling machine operators                            2,680     16.52    34,360     15.83

       Tool and die makers                                                    136,420     18.16    37,780     17.91
       Precision instrument makers                                              4,840     14.79    30,760     12.89
       Machinists                                                             410,640     14.35    29,860     13.87
       Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders         36,820     13.45    27,980     12.82
       Pattern and model makers, metal                                          4,160     16.53    34,380     15.19
       Precision lay-out workers, metal                                        13,850     15.40    32,030     14.33
       Shipfitters                                                             10,330     13.91    28,930     13.87
       Jewelers and silversmiths                                               24,080     12.90    26,820     11.60
       Precision hand workers, jewelry and related products                    11,530     10.17    21,150      9.16
       Precision etchers and engravers, hand or machine                         3,290     11.76    24,460     10.67
       Sheet metal workers                                                    182,770     15.22    31,670     13.47
       Boilermakers                                                            14,930     18.82    39,150     18.45

       Pattern and model makers, wood                                           9,420     16.25    33,810     14.66
       Pattern markers, wood                                                    1,740     10.77    22,400     10.80
       Wood machinists                                                         41,010      9.98    20,770      9.61
       Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters                                     101,390     11.49    23,900     10.76
       Furniture finishers                                                     27,910     10.03    20,860      9.56

       Fabric and apparel patternmakers and lay-out workers                    15,750     13.04    27,110     10.38
       Custom tailors and sewers                                               32,010      9.76    20,300      8.96
       Upholsterers                                                            42,780     11.09    23,070     10.60
       Shoe and leather workers and repairers, precision                       17,180      8.41    17,500      7.99
       Spotters, dry-cleaning                                                   9,150      8.73    18,160      8.08
       Pressers, delicate fabrics                                              24,580      7.76    16,140      7.43
       Precision dyers                                                          4,140     10.37    21,580      9.43

       Hand compositors and typesetters                                         8,570     11.68    24,290     10.85
       Job printers                                                            18,040     12.59    26,180     11.58
       Paste-up workers                                                         7,360     10.73    22,330      9.53
       Electronic pagination system operators                                  26,140     14.86    30,910     14.00
       Photoengravers                                                           3,920     13.38    27,840     13.67
       Camera operators                                                         7,380     12.64    26,290     11.72
       Scanner operators                                                        6,880     16.75    34,850     16.14
       Strippers                                                               21,640     15.83    32,930     15.53
       Platemakers                                                             14,430     14.46    30,070     13.75
       Bookbinders                                                              7,040     11.29    23,470      9.95

       Slaughterers and butchers                                               65,600      8.94    18,600      9.03
       Bakers, manufacturing                                                   40,970     11.11    23,120     10.59
       Food batchmakers                                                        31,920     11.64    24,200     11.09

       Precision foundry mold and coremakers                                   11,950    $12.55   $26,110    $11.84
       Precision molders, shapers, casters, and carvers, except jewelry
        and foundry                                                            13,420     11.12    23,130     10.22
       Precision patternmakers, model makers, lay-out workers, and cutters      4,100     14.91    31,010     14.40
       Precision detail design decorators and painters                          4,700     10.25    21,330      9.40
       Precision photographic process workers                                  10,200     11.48    23,880     10.39
       Precision optical goods workers                                         21,940     10.33    21,480      9.39
       Precision dental laboratory technicians                                 34,390     14.04    29,200     12.34
       Medical appliance makers                                                 7,130     13.73    28,550     11.18
       Gem and diamond workers                                                  1,100      9.87    20,520      9.04

       Sawing machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic     21,320     11.81    24,570     11.36
       Lathe and turning machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal
        and plastic                                                            73,100     13.99    29,100     13.58
       Drilling and boring machine tool setters and set-up operators, 
        metal and plastic                                                      40,050     13.21    27,480     12.32
       Milling and planing machine setters and set-up operators, metal
        and plastic                                                            24,400     14.56    30,280     13.90
       Grinding, lapping, and buffing machine tool setters and set-up
        operators, metal and plastic                                           63,380     12.63    26,280     11.89
       Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic          106,040     13.10    27,250     11.78
       Punching machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic        45,810     11.54    24,000     11.19
       Press and press-brake machine setters and set-up operators,
        metal and plastic                                                      71,700     12.02    25,010     11.61
       Shear and slitter machine setters and set-up operators, metal
        and plastic                                                            21,920     12.00    24,960     11.68
       Extruding and drawing machine setters and set-up operators,
        metal and plastic                                                      45,010     11.80    24,530     11.59
       Rolling machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic         18,770     13.56    28,210     12.98
       Forging machine setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic         15,540     16.84    35,040     17.26
       Machine forming operators and tenders, metal and plastic               173,920     10.59    22,020      9.70

       Numerical control machine tool operators and tenders, metal
        and plastic                                                            89,340     13.52    28,130     13.04
       Combination machine tool setters and set-up operators, metal
        and plastic                                                            53,000     13.45    27,980     12.66
       Combination machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic       50,620     11.08    23,050     10.45

       Welding machine setters and set-up operators                            32,060     13.65    28,390     12.73
       Welding machine operators and tenders                                   78,320     12.51    26,020     11.73
       Soldering and brazing machine setters and set-up operators               6,920     10.79    22,440     10.35
       Soldering and brazing machine operators and tenders                      7,720     10.13    21,080      9.85
       Metal fabricators, structural metal products                            39,910     12.45    25,890     11.57
       Plastic molding and casting machine setters and set-up operators        36,170     11.16    23,210     10.54
       Plastic molding and casting machine operators and tenders              140,340      8.99    18,690      8.58
       Metal molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters and
        set-up operators                                                       19,420     12.86    26,760     12.13
       Metal molding, coremaking, and casting machine operators and tenders    36,390     12.86    26,740     11.85
       Foundry mold assembly and shake-out workers                             10,200     11.05    22,980     10.54

       Electrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up
        operators, metal and plastic                                           13,770     11.15    23,200     10.36
       Electrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders,
        metal and plastic                                                      29,370     10.67    22,200     10.13
       Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine setters and set-up
        operators, metal and plastic                                            3,330     11.07    23,020     10.24
       Nonelectrolytic plating and coating machine operators and tenders,
        metal and plastic                                                       4,860     10.85    22,570     10.34
       Heating equipment setters and set-up operators, metal and plastic        5,100     12.73    26,480     11.70
       Heat treating, annealing, and tempering machine operators and
        tenders, metal and plastic                                             23,170     12.88    26,790     12.10
       Furnace operators and tenders                                           22,650     13.28    27,620     12.44
       Heaters, metal and plastic                                               3,090     12.37    25,740     11.79

       Sawing machine setters and set-up operators                              7,210     10.53    21,900      9.73
       Head sawyers                                                             6,300     12.22    25,420     11.56
       Sawing machine operators and tenders                                    49,520      9.50    19,750      9.11
       Woodworking machine setters and set-up operators, except sawing         21,280     10.07    20,950      9.76
       Woodworking machine operators and tenders, except sawing                51,450      9.30    19,350      9.03

       Printing press machine setters and set-up operators                     12,820    $13.08   $27,210    $12.53
       Offset lithographic press setters and set-up operators                  57,330     15.56    32,370     14.91
       Letterpress setters and set-up operators                                11,130     14.63    30,430     13.76
       Specialty materials printing machine setters and set-up operators       11,980     12.44    25,880     12.12
       Screen printing machine setters and set-up operators                    31,040      9.48    19,720      9.08
       Bindery machine setters and set-up operators                            25,740     12.39    25,760     11.70

       Typesetting and composing machine operators and tenders                 12,410     12.18    25,330     11.08
       Printing press machine operators and tenders                           125,910     13.34    27,760     12.51
       Photoengraving and lithographing machine operators and tenders           5,910     12.65    26,300     11.52
       Bindery machine operators and tenders                                   65,490     10.22    21,270      9.27

       Textile machine setters and set-up operators                            26,860     10.61    22,060     10.40
       Textile machine operators and tenders, winding, twisting, knitting,
        weaving, and cutting                                                  174,090      9.38    19,510      9.34
       Extruding and forming machine operators and tenders, synthetic
        or glass fibers                                                        27,690     13.05    27,140     13.43
       Textile draw-out machine operators and tenders                           8,580     10.06    20,930      9.73
       Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders              23,860      9.25    19,240      9.31

       Sewing machine operators, garment                                      326,350      7.42    15,420      7.09
       Sewing machine operators, nongarment                                   131,230      8.53    17,740      8.17
       Shoe sewing machine operators and tenders                                7,030      8.07    16,790      7.80
       Laundry and dry-cleaning machine operators and tenders,
        except pressing                                                       147,470      7.45    15,490      7.05
       Pressing machine operators and tenders, textile, garment,
        and related materials                                                  65,290      7.51    15,620      7.28
       Electronic semiconductor processors                                     63,110     12.53    26,070     11.93
       Motion picture projectionists                                            8,130     10.27    21,370      7.41
       Photographic processing machine operators and tenders                   52,120      9.58    19,930      8.56
       Tire building machine operators                                         18,270     16.54    34,410     17.51
       Paper goods machine setters and set-up operators                        60,550     12.71    26,430     12.50

       Cooking machine operators and tenders, food and tobacco                 19,690     11.29    23,480     10.26
       Roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders,
        food and tobacco                                                       13,640     10.83    22,520     10.63
       Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, or kettle operators and tenders             27,260     13.03    27,100     12.07
       Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure                              15,840     14.93    31,060     14.57
       Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders                     6,140     10.31    21,440      9.33
       Dairy processing equipment operators, including setters                 16,800     12.39    25,780     12.40

       Chemical equipment controllers and operators                            74,430     15.97    33,210     15.74
       Chemical equipment tenders                                              13,570     14.14    29,400     13.60
       Cutting and slicing machine setters and set-up operators                28,090     11.28    23,450     10.75
       Cutting and slicing machine operators and tenders                       67,700     10.79    22,450     10.30

       Painters, transportation equipment                                      35,210     15.17    31,560     14.00
       Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators    38,630     11.46    23,840     10.94
       Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders           81,320     10.74    22,330     10.27
       Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders                      24,370     10.31    21,450      9.96
       Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders         24,970     10.89    22,660     10.05
       Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still
        machine operators and tenders                                          27,280     14.87    30,930     14.23
       Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and
        tenders                                                               137,990     11.92    24,780     11.23
       Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters
        and set-up operators                                                   31,440     12.21    25,400     11.70
       Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine operators
        and tenders                                                            86,090     11.41    23,730     10.94
       Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders                    389,050     10.43    21,700      9.64

       Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers,
        precision                                                              16,800    $17.83   $37,090    $18.46
       Machine builders and other precision machine assemblers                 73,630     14.52    30,210     14.06
       Fitters, structural metal, precision                                    20,590     13.41    27,890     12.59
       Electromechanical equipment assemblers, precision                       55,370     11.66    24,240     11.18
       Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers, precision              188,700     11.25    23,400     10.45
       Watch, clock, and chronometer assemblers, adjusters, calibraters,
        precision                                                               2,180      8.87    18,460      8.44

       Machine assemblers                                                      67,700     11.36    23,630     10.89
       Electrical and electronic assemblers                                   232,430      9.54    19,850      9.04
       Coil winders, tapers, and finishers                                     21,170      9.80    20,380      8.97
       Glaziers, manufacturing                                                  6,140     10.31    21,440      9.86
       Welders and cutters                                                    351,190     13.18    27,420     12.41
       Solderers and brazers                                                   31,800      9.03    18,770      8.46

       Pressers, hand                                                          12,190      7.30    15,180      7.09
       Sewers, hand                                                             9,500      8.14    16,920      7.46
       Cutters and trimmers, hand                                              44,250      8.89    18,490      8.23
       Portable machine cutters                                                 9,100      9.18    19,100      8.79
       Carpet cutters, diagrammers, and seamers                                 1,260      9.97    20,730      9.25

       Cannery workers                                                         47,240      8.03    16,710      7.56
       Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers, hand                     149,650      7.99    16,610      7.82
       Metal pourers and casters, basic shapes                                  9,100     12.39    25,770     11.71
       Molders and casters, hand                                               20,450      9.84    20,470      9.10
       Painting, coating, and decorating workers, hand                         32,040      9.84    20,460      9.16
       Engraving and printing workers, hand                                     7,810      8.79    18,270      7.91
       Grinding and polishing workers, hand                                    80,420     10.69    22,240      9.83
       Assemblers and fabricators, except machine, electrical, electronic,
        and precision                                                       1,308,670     10.53    21,910      9.50

       Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators            100,000     14.76    30,690     14.26
       Gas plant operators                                                      8,240     19.31    40,160     19.79
       Chemical plant and system operators                                     40,670     18.75    39,010     18.77
       Petroleum pump system operators                                          5,100     21.60    44,930     21.51
       Petroleum refinery and control panel operators                          18,150     20.91    43,490     21.86
       Gaugers                                                                  6,360     17.40    36,190     18.41

       Power-generating plant operators, except auxiliary equipment            22,640     21.18    44,060     21.17
       Auxiliary equipment operators, power                                     8,080     20.75    43,150     20.98
       Power reactor operators                                                  3,860     26.38    54,880     25.57
       Power distributors and dispatchers                                      14,420     22.38    46,540     21.97
       Stationary engineers                                                    28,350     18.93    39,360     18.40

       Truck drivers, heavy or tractor-trailer                              1,480,780     14.08    29,290     13.45
       Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers             1,204,220     10.58    22,010      9.61
       Bus drivers                                                            213,120     12.50    26,000     11.72
       Bus drivers, school                                                    423,920      9.34    19,420      9.05
       Taxi drivers and chauffeurs                                             88,260      8.29    17,250      7.48
       Driver/sales workers                                                   280,990     10.33    21,490      9.29

       Railroad conductors and yardmasters                                     24,510     20.36    42,350     18.51
       Locomotive engineers                                                    30,250     20.53    42,690     19.14
       Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers                      3,110     17.26    35,910     17.17
       Locomotive firers                                                        3,700     19.77    41,110     17.93
       Subway and streetcar operators                                           7,380     19.83    41,250     20.83
       Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators                            16,330     18.16    37,780     17.57

       Captains, water vessel                                                  15,240     20.68    43,010     19.91
       Mates, ship, boat, and barge                                             9,720     15.44    32,120     14.09
       Pilots, ship                                                             3,160     21.90    45,550     20.03
       Motorboat operators                                                      1,220     12.85    26,730     11.90
       Able seamen                                                              8,060     13.01    27,050     12.88
       Ordinary seamen and marine oilers                                       12,850     11.29    23,480     10.66
       Ship engineers                                                           6,400     20.23    42,090     19.31

       Aircraft pilots and flight engineers                                    96,890        /2    80,700        /2
       Bridge, lock, and lighthouse tenders                                     3,810     13.94    29,000     14.57
       Service station attendants                                             131,190      7.34    15,270      6.90
       Parking lot attendants                                                  78,350      7.22    15,030      6.69

       Longshore equipment operators                                            7,210     22.06    45,880     22.03
       Tank car and truck loaders                                               3,980     15.05    31,310     14.99
       Oil pumpers, except wellhead                                             4,920     15.47    32,170     12.85
       Wellhead pumpers                                                         7,040     15.81    32,880     16.16
       Main-line station engineers                                                700     21.00    43,690     21.37
       Gas pumping station operators                                            1,340     14.00    29,110     13.06
       Gas compressor operators                                                 3,080     17.91    37,250     18.57
       Excavating and loading machine operators                                99,890     14.44    30,020     13.02
       Dragline operators                                                       2,610     14.52    30,190     13.44
       Dredge operators                                                         1,740     14.27    29,670     13.14

       Loading machine operators, underground mining                            3,210     14.59    30,360     14.42
       Shuttle car operators                                                    2,880     16.50    34,320     16.87
       Grader, bulldozer, and scraper operators                                99,490     14.32    29,780     12.94
       Hoist and winch operators                                               12,440     14.28    29,700     13.48
       Crane and tower operators                                               45,700     15.46    32,150     14.67
       Industrial truck and tractor operators                                 438,500     12.08    25,130     11.23
       Conveyor operators and tenders                                          35,320     11.04    22,950     10.48
       Pump operators                                                           8,610     15.78    32,820     15.56
       Operating engineers                                                    116,230     18.07    37,590     16.95

       Helpers, mechanics and repairers                                       228,570      9.72    20,220      8.76
       Helpers, brick and stonemasons and hard tile setters                    69,670     11.67    24,280     10.31
       Helpers, carpenters and related workers                                189,280     10.08    20,960      9.40
       Helpers, electricians and power-line transmission installers            84,040     10.09    21,000      9.35
       Helpers, painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons          35,920      9.73    20,250      8.78
       Helpers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters                        85,560     10.11    21,020      9.39
       Helpers, roofers                                                        29,820      8.53    17,740      8.13
       Helpers, extractive workers                                             13,770     10.45    21,740      9.93

       Machine feeders and offbearers                                         217,550      9.61    19,990      9.04
       Stevedores, except equipment operators                                  26,540     19.15    39,840     19.91
       Refuse and recyclable material collectors                               90,300     11.28    23,460     10.51
       Hand packers and packagers                                             999,080      7.58    15,770      6.99
       Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners                                 253,220      7.70    16,020      6.99


       /1  Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure
      of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been
      directly calculated from the reported survey data.
       /2  Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available.
       /3  Represents a percentile wage above $60.01 per hour.