HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES

42. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation and industry

2021 2022

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,393 14,012 10.3 15,802 11.6 141,673 14,285 10.1 16,002 11.3

OCCUPATION

Management, professional, and related

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,870 6,241 11.0 7,177 12.6 59,979 6,268 10.5 7,202 12.0

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,850 1,021 4.5 1,244 5.4 24,013 933 3.9 1,168 4.9

Management occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,730 645 4.4 786 5.3 15,693 603 3.8 747 4.8

Business and financial operations

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,120 376 4.6 458 5.6 8,319 329 4.0 421 5.1

Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 34,020 5,220 15.3 5,933 17.4 35,966 5,335 14.8 6,034 16.8

Computer and mathematical occupations. . . . . . 5,465 202 3.7 260 4.8 5,948 195 3.3 248 4.2

Architecture and engineering occupations. . . . . 3,083 181 5.9 215 7.0 3,335 200 6.0 231 6.9

Life, physical, and social science

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,535 153 10.0 190 12.4 1,679 152 9.1 180 10.7

Community and social service occupations. . . . 2,630 384 14.6 426 16.2 2,749 436 15.9 495 18.0

Legal occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,518 89 5.8 103 6.8 1,547 80 5.1 102 6.6

Education, training, and library occupations. . . 8,672 3,004 34.6 3,353 38.7 8,976 3,027 33.7 3,347 37.3

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,113 149 7.1 170 8.1 2,352 187 8.0 215 9.2

Healthcare practitioners and technical

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,005 1,057 11.7 1,217 13.5 9,381 1,058 11.3 1,216 13.0

Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,708 2,094 9.6 2,314 10.7 22,968 2,293 10.0 2,502 10.9

Healthcare support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,644 384 8.3 438 9.4 4,777 395 8.3 442 9.3

Protective service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,917 970 33.3 1,036 35.5 3,071 1,062 34.6 1,126 36.7

Food preparation and serving related

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,178 222 3.1 254 3.5 7,749 279 3.6 316 4.1

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,458 420 9.4 472 10.6 4,595 438 9.5 484 10.5

Personal care and service occupations. . . . . . . . . . 2,511 97 3.9 113 4.5 2,776 118 4.3 133 4.8

Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,651 1,702 6.2 1,991 7.2 27,804 1,674 6.0 1,924 6.9

Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,366 406 3.3 491 4.0 12,183 361 3.0 434 3.6

Office and administrative support occupations. . . 15,285 1,296 8.5 1,500 9.8 15,621 1,313 8.4 1,490 9.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,911 1,777 14.9 1,923 16.1 12,180 1,736 14.3 1,864 15.3

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . 931 37 4.0 43 4.7 910 39 4.3 43 4.7

Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . 6,528 1,119 17.1 1,198 18.4 6,831 1,120 16.4 1,190 17.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,451 621 14.0 681 15.3 4,439 577 13.0 631 14.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,253 2,198 12.0 2,398 13.1 18,742 2,315 12.4 2,510 13.4

Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,647 827 10.8 912 11.9 7,898 903 11.4 966 12.2

Transportation and material moving

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,605 1,371 12.9 1,486 14.0 10,844 1,412 13.0 1,544 14.2

INDUSTRY

Private sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,767 7,030 6.1 8,055 7.0 120,356 7,223 6.0 8,167 6.8

Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,308 37 2.9 41 3.1 1,252 48 3.9 54 4.3

Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,459 6,993 6.1 8,014 7.0 119,103 7,175 6.0 8,113 6.8

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . 561 32 5.7 34 6.0 556 36 6.5 43 7.7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,157 1,024 12.6 1,112 13.6 8,671 1,019 11.7 1,076 12.4

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,134 1,082 7.7 1,203 8.5 14,577 1,139 7.8 1,254 8.6

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,986 668 7.4 749 8.3 9,305 741 8.0 825 8.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,148 414 8.0 453 8.8 5,272 398 7.5 429 8.1

Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,070 769 4.3 880 4.9 17,868 742 4.2 861 4.8

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,117 116 3.7 140 4.5 2,879 94 3.3 112 3.9

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,953 653 4.4 740 5.0 14,988 648 4.3 749 5.0

Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,057 1,086 15.4 1,183 16.8 7,564 1,148 15.2 1,220 16.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,055 889 14.7 974 16.1 6,596 958 14.5 1,020 15.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002 197 19.7 209 20.9 968 190 19.6 200 20.7

Information3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,274 226 10.0 253 11.1 2,361 198 8.4 216 9.1

See footnotes at end of table.

1
HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES

42. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation and industry

2021 2022

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Publishing, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 17 5.6 22 7.2 398 19 4.8 24 6.0

Motion pictures and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 61 17.3 64 18.3 429 74 17.3 76 17.8

Broadcasting (except internet). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 33 8.9 39 10.7 308 35 11.3 35 11.5

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843 100 11.9 109 13.0 771 64 8.3 72 9.3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,101 206 2.3 278 3.1 9,335 169 1.8 237 2.5

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,896 91 1.3 135 2.0 7,117 90 1.3 136 1.9

Finance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,387 53 1.2 77 1.8 4,523 59 1.3 89 2.0

Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,510 38 1.5 58 2.3 2,594 30 1.2 48 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . 2,205 114 5.2 143 6.5 2,219 80 3.6 100 4.5

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . 15,374 334 2.2 451 2.9 16,572 373 2.2 467 2.8

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . 10,506 128 1.2 204 1.9 11,182 143 1.3 202 1.8

Management, administrative, and waste

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,868 206 4.2 247 5.1 5,390 230 4.3 265 4.9

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,891 1,807 7.9 2,109 9.2 23,643 1,841 7.8 2,140 9.0

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,694 607 12.9 712 15.2 4,897 606 12.4 704 14.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . 18,197 1,200 6.6 1,397 7.7 18,747 1,235 6.6 1,436 7.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,208 252 2.2 304 2.7 12,026 342 2.8 406 3.4

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . 2,004 96 4.8 111 5.5 2,281 144 6.3 173 7.6

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . 9,203 156 1.7 192 2.1 9,745 198 2.0 233 2.4

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979 58 5.9 63 6.4 1,174 81 6.9 85 7.3

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . 8,225 98 1.2 129 1.6 8,571 117 1.4 148 1.7

Other services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,632 176 3.1 208 3.7 5,932 168 2.8 194 3.3

Other services, except private households.. . 4,987 158 3.2 190 3.8 5,267 165 3.1 186 3.5

Public sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,626 6,982 33.9 7,747 37.6 21,318 7,062 33.1 7,835 36.8

Federal government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,820 951 24.9 1,108 29.0 3,989 972 24.4 1,124 28.2

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,866 2,033 29.6 2,273 33.1 7,157 2,142 29.9 2,372 33.1

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,940 3,999 40.2 4,367 43.9 10,171 3,948 38.8 4,339 42.7

1 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

2 Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

3

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated

businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2