Technical information:  (202) 691-6569      USDL 04-752
               http://www.bls.gov/oes/
                                            For release:  10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact:                691-5902      Friday, April 30, 2004


                OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES, MAY 2003


   Health care-related occupations, including specialist physicians and
dentists, accounted for 8 of the 10 highest-paying occupations in May 2003,
according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor.
The average hourly wages for these health-related occupations ranged from
$91.48 for surgeons to $63.08 for dentists.  The lowest-paying occupations
included fast-food cooks who earned $7.23 per hour and hair shampooers who
earned $7.27 per hour.  Five of the six lowest-paying occupations were re-
lated to food preparation and serving.
   
   Retail salespersons and cashiers were the largest occupations in the
United States, with about 4 million and 3.5 million employees, respectively.
Occupations with more than 2 million workers included general office clerks;
hand laborers and material movers; registered nurses; waiters and waitresses;
janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners; and combined
food preparation and serving workers, including fast food.  (See table 1.)
   
   These statistics for wage and salary workers are from the Occupational
Employment Statistics (OES) survey, a federal-state cooperative program
between BLS and State Workforce Agencies.  The OES survey provides estimates
of employment and hourly and annual wages for wage and salary workers in
22 major occupational groups and in 770 detailed occupations.

   Management and legal occupational groups were the highest paying of the
22 major occupational groups.  About 30 percent of the workers in these two
occupational groups earned more than $43.74 per hour.  (See table A.)  The
occupational group with the highest employment level in May 2003 was office
and administrative support workers, followed by sales and related workers,
production workers, and food preparation and serving workers. 
   
   The occupational groups with the lowest average wages were food
preparation and serving related; farming, fishing, and forestry; building
and grounds cleaning and maintenance; and personal care and service.  At
least 40 percent of all workers in each of these groups earned less than
$8.50 per hour.
   
   Major groups whose wages were concentrated in the middle included
business and financial operations occupations;  life, physical, and social
science occupations; community and social services occupations; education,
training, and library occupations; healthcare practitioner and technical
occupations; construction and extraction occupations; and installation,
maintenance, and repair occupations.

                                  - 2 -

Table A.  Wage distribution by major occupational group, May 2003
(Percent distribution)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |                           Wage range
      Major      |--------------------------------------------------------------
   occupational  |Under|$8.50 |$10.75|$13.50|$17.00|$21.50|$27.25|$34.50|$43.75
      group      |$8.50|   to |   to |   to |   to |   to |   to |   to |  and                                                   |Over
                 |     |$10.74|$13.49|$16.99|$21.49|$27.24|$34.49|$43.74|  over
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Management.......|  1.3|   1.3|   3.0|  5.9 |   9.6|  13.7|  16.0|  16.6| 32.4
Business and     |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  financial      |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  operations.....|  1.7|   2.1|   5.7| 12.5 |  19.1|  21.4|  17.5|  10.9|  9.1
Computer and     |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  mathematical   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  science........|   .9|   1.5|   3.4|  7.3 |  12.9|  18.8|  21.7|  19.5| 14.0
Architecture and |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  engineering....|   .6|   1.9|   4.4|  8.7 |  14.8|  20.9|  21.0|  17.0| 10.7
Life, physical,  |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and social     |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  science .......|  2.2|   4.3|   8.5| 13.7 |  17.4|  18.4|  15.3|  10.8|  9.2
Community and    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  social         |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  services.......|  7.2|  11.3|  18.5| 21.5 |  18.5|  13.3|   6.8|   2.2|   .8
Legal............|  1.5|   2.5|   5.9| 10.7 |  14.0|  13.3|  11.4|  10.7| 30.1
Education,       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  training, and  |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  library........| 11.9|   8.7|  10.0| 15.0 |  18.7|  16.8|  10.8|   5.0|  3.1
Arts, design,    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  entertainment, |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  sports, and    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  media..........| 13.3|  10.1|  12.2| 14.9 |  15.2|  13.5|   9.3|   5.7|  5.8
Healthcare       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  practitioner   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and technical..|  2.8|   5.1|   8.3| 13.2 |  20.0|  20.7|  13.0|   6.9| 10.0
Healthcare       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  support........| 25.5|  31.2|  23.2| 13.4 |   5.1|   1.2|    .3|    .1|    -
Protective       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  service........| 17.1|  14.5|  15.0| 14.5 |  13.8|  13.2|   7.8|   3.2|   .9
Food preparation |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and serving    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  related........| 67.4|  17.4|   8.6|  4.0 |   1.8|    .6|    .2|    .1|    -
Building and     |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  grounds clean- |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  ing and        |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  maintenance....| 42.8|  24.6|  16.0|  9.5 |   5.0|   1.6|    .4|    .1|    -
Personal care    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and service....| 50.3|  21.4|  11.5|  7.1 |   4.7|   2.6|   1.2|    .6|   .6
Sales and        |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  related .......| 36.9|  16.6|  11.3|  9.4 |   8.1|   6.3|   4.4|   3.0|  4.0
Office and       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
administrative   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  support........| 15.2|  19.8|  22.6| 19.5 |  14.4|   5.7|   1.9|    .6|   .3
Farming, fishing,|     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and forestry...| 56.8|  17.3|  11.2|  7.2 |   4.4|   2.0|    .7|    .3|   .1
Construction and |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  extraction.....|  7.3|  12.2|  16.6| 18.8 |  17.6|  14.4|   9.0|   3.2|   .8
Installation,    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  maintenance,   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and repair.....|  7.5|  10.6|  15.3| 19.4 |  20.7|  16.6|   7.3|   2.0|   .5
Production.......| 18.0|  19.9|  20.3| 17.4 |  12.2|   8.1|   3.1|    .8|   .2
Transportation   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and material   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  moving.........| 26.3|  19.3|  18.0| 15.0 |  11.3|   6.2|   2.2|    .7|  1.0 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------   

                                  - 3 -

   Table 1 shows employment and wage estimates for detailed occupations
within each group.  The OES program also provides national occupational
employment and wage data by industry, and cross-industry estimates for
all states and 334 metropolitan areas.  May 2003 OES data for states and
metropolitan areas and the national employment and wage data by industry
will be available on the BLS Web site in early May.
    
   The OES survey is designed to estimate employment and wages at detailed
industry and area levels with a desired level of reliability based on a
sample of 1.2 million establishments, collected in six semiannual panels
over a 3-year period.
 
 
 
 



                                 - 4 -

Technical Note
   

Scope of the survey

   The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a semiannual mail
survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary
workers in nonfarm establishments, by industry, in the United States.  (Guam,
Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands also are surveyed, but their data are not
included in this release.)  In 2002, the OES survey switched from industry
coding based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system to that
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).  The
nationwide response rate for the May 2003 survey was 79 percent for estab-
lishments, covering 72 percent of weighted employment.

   In November 2002, the OES survey changed from an annual survey of 400,000
establishments to a semiannual survey of 200,000 establishments.  The OES
survey samples and contacts establishments in May and November of each year
and, over 3 years, contacts approximately 1.2 million establishments.  The
full 3-year sample allows the production of estimates at fine levels of
geographic, industrial, and occupational detail.

   In order to maintain adequate geographic, industrial, and occupational
coverage through the implementation of NAICS and semiannual sampling, May
2003 data were combined with samples from November 2002, 2001, 2000, and
a subset of certainty units collected in 1999.  Note that May 2003 and
November 2002 are semiannual samples while 2001 and 2000 are annual
samples.  Data from 1999 were added to provide complete coverage of the
certainty strata.  The total sample size is 1.2 million establishments.
Estimates from the OES survey are based on data collected using the
Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system.  A brief description
of this classification system is provided below.
   
The Standard Occupational Classification system

   In 1999, the OES survey began using the Office of Management and Budget's
(OMB) occupational classification system, the Standard Occupational Classifi-
cation (SOC) system.  The SOC system is the first OMB-required occupational
classification system for federal agencies.  The OES survey categorizes workers
in 1 of the 770 detailed occupations.  Together, these detailed occupations
comprise 23 major occupational groups.  The major groups are as follows:

     Management occupations
     Business and financial operations occupations
     Computer and mathematical science occupations
     Architecture and engineering occupations
     Life, physical, and social science occupations
     Community and social services occupations
     Legal occupations
     Education, training, and library occupations
     Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
     Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
     Healthcare support occupations
     Protective service occupations
     Food preparation and serving related occupations
     Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
     Personal care and service occupations
     Sales and related occupations
     Office and administrative support occupations
     Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
     Construction and extraction occupations
     Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
     Production occupations
     Transportation and material moving occupations
     Military specific occupations (not surveyed in OES)

For more information about the SOC system, please see the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) Web site at http://www.bls.gov/soc.

                                  - 5 -

The industry coding system

   As noted earlier, in 2002, the OES survey switched from using the Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) system to using the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).  For more information about NAICS, see the
BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.

   The OES survey includes establishments in NAICS sectors 11 (logging and
agricultural support activities only), 21, 22, 23, 31-33, 42, 44-45, 48-49,
51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 61, 62, 71, 72, 81 (except private households),
state government, and local government.  Data for the U.S. Postal Service
and the federal government are universe counts obtained from the Postal
Service and the Office of Personnel Management, respectively.  An estab-
lishment is defined as an economic unit that processes goods or provides
services, such as a factory, mine, or store.  The establishment is gener-
ally at a single physical location and is engaged primarily in one type of
economic activity.

   The OES survey covers all full- and part-time wage and salary workers in
nonfarm industries.  The survey does not include the self-employed owners
and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid family
workers.
   
Survey coverage

   BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support,
while the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) collect the data.  BLS produces
cross-industry NAICS estimates for the nation, states, and metropolitan
statistical areas (MSAs).  NAICS estimates are produced for 3-digit,
4-digit, and selected 5-digit industry levels.   BLS releases all cross-
industry and national estimates, and the SWAs release industry estimates
at the state and MSA levels.

   State Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the universe from which
the OES survey draws its sample.  The employment benchmarks are obtained
from reports submitted by employers to the UI program.  Supplemental sources
are used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821) and Guam because they do not
report to the UI program.  The OES survey sample is stratified by area,
industry, and size class.  Size classes are defined as follows:

   
                      Size class    Number of employees
                    ____________________________________
   
                          1             1 to 4
                          2             5 to 9
                          3             10 to 19
                          4             20 to 49
                          5             50 to 99
                          6             100 to 249
                          7             250 and above
                    _____________________________________
   

   UI reporting units with 250 or more employees are sampled with virtual
certainty across a 3-year period.  Generally, one-sixth of the certainty
units are sampled in each panel in each state.  Some states, however,
sampled more than one-sixth of their certainty units in the May 2003
survey to make up for a shortfall in a previous sample.
   
                                  - 6 -

Concepts

   Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary
employment in an occupation across the industries in which that occupation
was reported.  The OES survey defines employment as the number of workers
who can be classified as full-time or part-time employees, including workers
on paid vacations or other types of leave; workers on unpaid short-term
absences; salaried officers, executives, and staff members of incorporated
firms; employees temporarily assigned to other units; and employees for whom
the reporting unit is their permanent duty station regardless of whether that
unit prepares their paycheck.

   The OES survey form sent to an establishment contains between 50 and 225
SOC occupations selected on the basis of the sampled establishment's industry
classification and size class.  To reduce paperwork and respondent burden, no
survey form contains every SOC occupation.  Thus, data for specific occupa-
tions are collected primarily from establishments in industries that are the
predominant employers of workers in those occupations.  Each survey form is
structured, however, to allow a respondent to provide detailed occupational
information for each worker at the establishment; that is, unlisted occupa-
tions can be added to the survey form.

   Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of
premium pay.  Base rate, cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed pay,
hazardous-duty pay, incentive pay including commissions and production
bonuses, tips, and on-call pay are included.  Excluded are back pay, jury
duty pay, overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, non-production
bonuses, employer cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements.

   The OES survey collects wage data in 12 intervals.  Employers report the
number of employees in an occupation for each wage range.  The wage intervals
used for the May 2003 survey are as follows:


--------------------------------------------------------  
            |                              
            |                  Wages
  Interval  |-------------------------------------------
            |       Hourly      |        Annual
------------|-------------------|-----------------------
Range A     | Under $6.75       | Under $14,040
Range B     | $6.75 to $8.49    | $14,040 to $17,679
Range C     | $8.50 to $10.74   | $17,680 to $22,359
Range D     | $10.75 to $13.49  | $22,360 to $28,079
Range E     | $13.50 to $16.99  | $28,080 to $35,359
Range F     | $17.00 to $21.49  | $35,360 to $44,719
Range G     | $21.50 to $27.24  | $44,720 to $56,679
Range H     | $27.25 to $34.49  | $56,680 to $71,759
Range I     | $34.50 to $43.74  | $71,760 to $90,999
Range J     | $43.75 to $55.49  | $91,000 to $115,439
Range K     | $55.50 to $69.99  | $115,440 to $145,599
Range L     | $70.00 and over   | $145,600 and over
--------------------------------------------------------


   Mean Hourly Wage.   The mean hourly wage rate for an occupation is the
total wages that all workers in the occupation earn in an hour divided by
the total employment of the occupation.  To calculate the mean hourly wage
of each occupation, total weighted hourly wages are summed across all in-
tervals and divided by the occupation's weighted survey employment.   The
mean wage for each interval is based on occupational wage data collected
by the BLS Office of Compensation and Working Conditions for the National
Compensation Survey (NCS).

                                  - 7 - 

   The mean hourly wage value for the highest wage interval, $70.00 and
over, is calculated after excluding data for pilots.  Pilots comprise a
large portion of the employment from the NCS that falls into the highest
interval, and about one percent of the workers reported for the OES
survey makes $70.00 and over.  Since pilots work fewer hours than workers
in other occupations, their hourly wage rates are much higher than other
occupations.  After excluding pilots from the calculation, the mean wage
rate for the highest interval was computed separately for May 2003,
November 2002, 2001, 2000, and 1999.  Then the average of these five mean
wage rates was derived and used for all of the $70.00 and over data in the
May 2003 survey.  The wage rates for this interval do not go through any
wage updating procedures.

   Percentile Wage.  The p-th percentile wage range for an occupation is
the wage where p percent of all workers earn that amount or less and where
(100-p) percent of all workers earn that amount or more.  This statistic is
calculated by uniformly distributing the workers inside each wage interval,
ranking the workers from lowest paid to highest paid, and calculating the
product of the total employment for the occupation and the desired per-
centile to determine the worker that earns the p-th percentile wage rate.

   Annual Wage.  Many employees are paid at an hourly rate by their em-
ployers and may work more than or less than 40 hours per week.  Annual
wage estimates in this release are calculated by multiplying the mean
hourly wage by a "year-round, full-time" figure of 2,080 hours (52 weeks by
40 hours).  Thus, annual wage estimates may not represent the actual annual
pay received by the employee if they work more or less than 2,080 hours per
year. Alternatively, some workers are paid based on an annual amount, but
they generally do not work the usual 2,080 hours per year.  Since the OES
survey does not collect the actual number of hours worked, hourly rates
cannot be calculated with a reasonable degree of confidence from annual
rates.  For this reason, the annual salary is directly calculated from
reported survey data, and only annual wages are estimated for these
occupations.  Occupations that typically have a work year of less than
2,080 hours include musical and entertainment occupations, pilots and
flight attendants, and teachers.

   Hourly versus annual wage reporting.  For each occupation, respondents
are asked to report the number of employees paid within specific wage
intervals.  The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the cor-
responding annual rates, where the annual rate for an occupation is cal-
culated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a typical work year of
2,080 hours.  The responding establishment can reference either the hourly
or the annual rate, but they are instructed to report the hourly rate for
part-time workers.
   
                                  - 8 -     

Estimation methodology

   Beginning in the November 2002, the OES survey samples approximately
200,000 establishments semiannually in November and May of each year, for a
combined sample of 1.2 million different establishments over six semiannual
panels.  Until 2002, the survey sampled approximately 400,000 establishments
in the fourth quarter of each year, for a 3-year combined sample size of
1.2 million.  While estimates can be made from a single year or 2 years of
data, the OES survey has been designed to produce estimates at a desired
level of precision using the full 3 years, or 6 panels, of data.  The 3-year
sample allows the production of estimates at fine levels of geographic,
industrial, and occupational detail.

   Producing estimates using the 3 years of sample data provides significant
sampling error reductions (particularly for small geographic areas and occu-
pations); however, it also has some quality limitations in that it requires
the adjustment of earlier year's data to the current reference period, a
procedure referred to as "wage updating."

   Wage updating.  As noted above, combining multiple years of data has
both statistical advantages and limitations.  Significant reductions in
sampling error can be achieved by taking advantage of 3 years of data,
which covers over 70 percent of the employment in the United States.  This
feature is particularly important in improving the reliability of estimates
for small domains in the population (that is, wage and employment estimates
for detailed occupations in small areas).  Combining multiple years of data
also has been necessary to obtain full coverage of establishments with 250
or more workers that are sampled with certainty.

   Starting with the 1997 estimates, the OES program has used the BLS
Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust survey data from prior years or
panels before combining them with the current panel's data.  The wage
updating procedure assumes that each occupation's wage rate, as measured
in the earlier year or panel, moves according to the average movement of
the broader occupational division that encompasses it and that there are
no major geographic, industrial, or detailed occupational differences.

   May 2003 OES survey estimates.  The May 2003 OES survey estimates are
based  on data collected from establishments in the November 2002, 2001,
and 2000 samples plus a subset of certainty units collected in 1999.  The
May 2003 estimates used the wage-updating methodology introduced in 1997.
In addition, a "nearest neighbor" hot deck imputation procedure was used
to impute occupational employment totals for establishments that reported
no employment data.  For establishments that reported (or imputed) occupa-
tional employment totals but did not report an employment distribution across
the wage intervals, a variation of mean imputation was used to impute the
distribution.  During estimates processing, OES employment data were bench-
marked to the average employment for May 2003 and November 2002 from the
BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages.

                                  - 9 -

   Reliability of the estimates.  Estimates calculated from a sample survey
are subject to two types of error:  sampling and nonsampling. Sampling error
occurs when estimates are calculated from a subset (i.e., sample) of the
population instead of the full population.  When a sample of thepopulation
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimate of the characteristic
of interest may differ from the population value of that characteristic.
Differences between the sample estimate and the population value will vary
depending on the sample selected.  This variability can be estimated by
calculating the standard error (SE) of the sample estimate. If we were to
repeat the sampling and estimation process countless times using the same
survey design, approximately 90 percent of the intervals created by adding
and subtracting 1.645 SEs from the sample estimate would include the popu-
lation value.  These intervals are called 90-percent confidence intervals.
The OES survey, however, usually uses the relative standard error (RSE) of
a sample estimate instead of its SE to measure sampling error.  RSE is de-
fined as the SE of a sample estimate divided by the sample estimate itself.
This statistic provides the user with a measure of the relative precision of
the sample estimate.  RSEs are calculated for both occupational employment
and mean wage rate estimates.  Occupational employment RSEs are calculated
using a subsample, random group replication technique called the Jackknife.
Mean wage rate RSEs are calculated using a variance components model that
accounts for both the observed and unobserved components of the wage data.
The variances of the unobserved components are estimated using wage data from
the BLS National Compensation Survey.  In general, estimates based on many
establishments have lower RSEs than estimates based on few establishments. If
the distributional assumptions of the models are violated, the resulting con-
fidence intervals may not reflect the prescribed level of confidence.

   Nonsampling error occurs for a variety of reasons, none of which are
directly connected to sampling.  Examples of nonsampling error include:
nonresponse, data incorrectly reported by the respondent, mistakes made
in entering collected data into the database, and mistakes made in editing
and processing the collected data.
   
Additional information

   The May 2003 OES national data by occupation, comparable to data in
table 1, will be available soon on the Internet (http://www.bls.gov/oes).
Users also may access each occupation's definition and percentile wages.
The May 2003 cross-industry data for states and metropolitan areas will be
available on the BLS Web site in early May.  Industry staffing patterns at
the 3-, 4-, and selected 5-digit NAICS levels also will be available from
the Internet beginning in early May.  These data will include industry-
specific occupational employment and wage data.

   For additional information, contact the Office of Employment and
Unemployment Statistics, Division of Occupational Employment Statistics,
Room 2135, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, DC, 20212; telephone
202-691-6569 (e-mail: oesinfo@bls.gov).

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
   

   
   

Table 1.  National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, May 2003
      Occupation                                                                        Employment          Mean wages      Median hourly
                                                                                                        Hourly  Annual(1)        wages

Management occupations
  Chief executives                                                                        389,880      $67.58   $140,580       $64.78
  General and operations managers                                                       1,892,060       42.64     88,700        35.00
  Legislators                                                                              65,280       15.14     31,490         7.90
  Advertising and promotions managers                                                      71,100       35.18     73,170        29.01
  Marketing managers                                                                      182,600       44.32     92,190        40.01
  Sales managers                                                                          314,180       44.15     91,840        38.69
  Public relations managers                                                                58,490       35.94     74,750        31.16

  Administrative services managers                                                        278,300       30.67     63,780        27.37
  Computer and information systems managers                                               266,020       45.78     95,230        43.15
  Financial managers                                                                      521,750       41.92     87,190        37.16
  Human resources managers                                                                171,530       36.15     75,190        33.08
  Industrial production managers                                                          166,350       36.88     76,710        33.90
  Purchasing managers                                                                      91,060       34.17     71,080        31.22
  Transportation, storage, and distribution managers                                       97,450       33.50     69,670        30.57

  Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers                                              5,420       25.04     52,080        22.83
  Construction managers                                                                   196,110       35.96     74,790        31.96
  Education administrators, preschool and child care center/program                        56,030       19.37     40,290        16.59
  Education administrators, elementary and secondary school                               206,310        (2)      76,210         (2)
  Education administrators, postsecondary                                                  98,160       35.60     74,040        32.04
  Engineering managers                                                                    194,940       47.94     99,710        45.42
  Food service managers                                                                   229,960       20.20     42,010        17.91
  Funeral directors                                                                        23,080       25.82     53,710        21.48
  Gaming managers                                                                           3,560       30.91     64,300        27.46
  Lodging managers                                                                         30,760       19.70     40,980        17.16
  Medical and health services managers                                                    226,160       34.92     72,630        31.04
  Natural sciences managers                                                                41,810       45.19     93,990        41.28
  Postmasters and mail superintendents                                                     26,060       24.51     50,980        24.10
  Property, real estate, and community association managers                               156,120       22.86     47,550        18.46
  Social and community service managers                                                   116,020       23.77     49,440        21.85

Business and financial operations occupations
  Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes                        12,380       31.81     66,160        26.27
  Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products                                              15,550       22.86     47,550        20.60
  Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products                                       138,630       23.72     49,350        20.28
  Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products                          237,210       24.07     50,060        22.43
  Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators                                          234,190       22.58     46,960        21.18
  Insurance appraisers, auto damage                                                        11,450       21.14     43,960        20.99
  Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety,
     and transportation                                                                   154,600       24.23     50,390        22.49
  Cost estimators                                                                         184,620       25.03     52,050        23.22
  Emergency management specialists                                                          9,760       23.41     48,680        21.68
  Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists                                      164,020       22.95     47,730        19.60
  Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists                                     86,450       23.86     49,620        22.53
  Training and development specialists                                                    199,460       22.83     47,490        21.23
  Management analysts                                                                     423,880       35.19     73,190        30.09
  Meeting and convention planners                                                          32,980       20.47     42,570        18.78

  Accountants and auditors                                                                924,640       26.65     55,430        23.59
  Appraisers and assessors of real estate                                                  61,070       23.99     49,900        20.97
  Budget analysts                                                                          55,560       27.56     57,330        26.21
  Credit analysts                                                                          68,910       25.25     52,530        21.65
  Financial analysts                                                                      165,420       33.67     70,040        28.87
  Personal financial advisors                                                              85,670       38.12     79,290        28.22
  Insurance underwriters                                                                   96,890       25.56     53,170        22.75
  Financial examiners                                                                      22,720       30.66     63,770        28.36
  Loan counselors                                                                          30,810       18.12     37,700        16.09
  Loan officers                                                                           237,150       26.73     55,590        22.43
  Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents                                            71,060       22.62     47,060        20.57
  Tax preparers                                                                            50,410       15.69     32,630        12.76

Computer and mathematical science occupations
  Computer and information scientists, research                                            23,210       40.64     84,530        39.23
  Computer programmers                                                                    431,640       31.01     64,510        29.49
  Computer software engineers, applications                                               392,140       36.42     75,750        34.87
  Computer software engineers, systems software                                           285,760       37.69     78,400        36.65
  Computer support specialists                                                            482,990       20.50     42,640        18.96
  Computer systems analysts                                                               474,780       31.82     66,180        30.85
  Database administrators                                                                 100,890       29.54     61,440        27.98
  Network and computer systems administrators                                             237,980       28.43     59,140        26.95
  Network systems and data communications analysts                                        148,030       29.84     62,060        28.42

  Actuaries                                                                                14,680       41.22     85,730        34.86
  Mathematicians                                                                            2,470       37.00     76,960        37.64

  Operations research analysts                                                             58,080       29.66     61,700        28.03
  Statisticians                                                                            18,370       29.79     61,970        28.64
  Mathematical technicians                                                                  2,180       19.87     41,320        17.57

Architecture and engineering occupations
  Architects, except landscape and naval                                                   91,010       31.18     64,850        27.86
  Landscape architects                                                                     18,910       26.39     54,900        24.27
  Cartographers and photogrammetrists                                                       8,940       22.37     46,520        21.24
  Surveyors                                                                                51,490       21.06     43,810        19.64

  Aerospace engineers                                                                      70,740       36.54     76,000        35.83
  Agricultural engineers                                                                    2,270       27.11     56,380        24.51
  Biomedical engineers                                                                      6,980       32.20     66,980        30.61
  Chemical engineers                                                                       32,490       36.66     76,250        35.46
  Civil engineers                                                                         206,350       31.07     64,620        29.73
  Computer hardware engineers                                                              72,550       38.15     79,350        36.53
  Electrical engineers                                                                    146,150       34.66     72,090        33.48
  Electronics engineers, except computer                                                  137,320       35.16     73,140        34.31
  Environmental engineers                                                                  45,480       31.16     64,820        30.19
  Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors               29,920       30.01     62,420        28.68
  Industrial engineers                                                                    156,780       30.91     64,290        30.23
  Marine engineers and naval architects                                                     4,960       34.52     71,800        33.89
  Materials engineers                                                                      23,120       31.19     64,870        30.25
  Mechanical engineers                                                                    207,810       31.75     66,040        30.72
  Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers                        4,730       31.78     66,090        30.06
  Nuclear engineers                                                                        16,010       41.12     85,520        40.18
  Petroleum engineers                                                                      11,630       41.86     87,070        40.34

  Architectural and civil drafters                                                         97,800       18.84     39,190        18.12
  Electrical and electronics drafters                                                      33,720       21.56     44,840        20.06
  Mechanical drafters                                                                      74,010       20.88     43,430        19.96
  Aerospace engineering and operations technicians                                         13,900       25.91     53,890        25.33
  Civil engineering technicians                                                            90,060       18.89     39,290        18.30
  Electrical and electronic engineering technicians                                       177,940       21.70     45,150        20.98
  Electro-mechanical technicians                                                           25,820       19.68     40,930        18.88
  Environmental engineering technicians                                                    17,630       19.01     39,530        17.88
  Industrial engineering technicians                                                       64,260       21.68     45,090        20.13
  Mechanical engineering technicians                                                       50,510       20.84     43,340        20.14
  Surveying and mapping technicians                                                        57,740       15.39     32,000        14.19

Life, physical, and social science occupations
  Agricultural and food scientists                                                         16,200       25.77     53,600        23.80
  Biochemists and biophysicists                                                            14,430       32.27     67,120        29.95
  Microbiologists                                                                          14,110       27.49     57,190        25.21
  Zoologists and wildlife biologists                                                       12,880       24.57     51,100        23.72
  Conservation scientists                                                                  13,780       25.08     52,160        24.63
  Foresters                                                                                 9,840       23.44     48,760        22.75
  Epidemiologists                                                                           3,770       28.30     58,860        26.22
  Medical scientists, except epidemiologists                                               60,830       32.38     67,360        28.47

  Astronomers                                                                                 770       40.90     85,070        42.45
  Physicists                                                                               12,390       42.48     88,350        41.17
  Atmospheric and space scientists                                                          6,490       31.65     65,830        31.57
  Chemists                                                                                 82,600       28.11     58,460        25.79
  Materials scientists                                                                      7,410       34.09     70,900        33.15
  Environmental scientists and specialists, including health                               61,660       25.23     52,490        23.46
  Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers                                       26,090       37.73     78,480        32.91
  Hydrologists                                                                              7,060       28.60     59,490        27.43

  Economists                                                                               12,300       37.41     77,810        33.78
  Market research analysts                                                                142,190       29.65     61,670        26.28
  Survey researchers                                                                       16,850       15.76     32,770        11.83
  Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists                                          100,180       27.80     57,820        25.10
  Industrial-organizational psychologists                                                   1,330       34.26     71,260        30.98
  Sociologists                                                                              3,060       28.16     58,570        26.16
  Urban and regional planners                                                              30,770       25.58     53,210        24.73
  Anthropologists and archeologists                                                         4,550       21.28     44,270        19.54
  Geographers                                                                                 700       27.26     56,690        27.33
  Historians                                                                                2,350       21.78     45,310        20.14
  Political scientists                                                                      4,840       38.93     80,980        39.12
  Agricultural and food science technicians                                                15,990       14.87     30,920        13.81
  Biological technicians                                                                   49,550       16.62     34,570        15.69

  Chemical technicians                                                                     64,020       18.51     38,500        17.82
  Geological and petroleum technicians                                                     10,150       20.21     42,040        19.58
  Nuclear technicians                                                                       6,970       28.64     59,570        28.47
  Environmental science and protection technicians, including health                       27,800       17.97     37,380        16.97
  Forensic science technicians                                                              8,830       21.43     44,580        20.18
  Forest and conservation technicians                                                      30,140       14.29     29,730        12.93

Community and social services occupations
  Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors                                       65,170       15.95     33,170        14.99
  Educational, vocational, and school counselors                                          214,360       22.59     46,990        21.46
  Marriage and family therapists                                                           22,150       19.33     40,210        17.71
  Mental health counselors                                                                 83,450       16.48     34,280        15.05
  Rehabilitation counselors                                                               115,690       14.06     29,240        12.79
  Child, family, and school social workers                                                256,160       17.64     36,700        16.25
  Medical and public health social workers                                                103,270       19.10     39,730        18.48
  Mental health and substance abuse social workers                                         96,990       16.88     35,120        15.88
  Health educators                                                                         42,780       19.47     40,490        18.00
  Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists                                86,810       20.00     41,600        18.64
  Social and human service assistants                                                     300,310       12.24     25,450        11.47
  Clergy                                                                                   38,170       17.76     36,950        16.25
  Directors, religious activities and education                                            11,840       15.60     32,460        13.45

Legal occupations
  Lawyers                                                                                 516,220       51.83    107,800        43.98
  Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers                            16,850       33.46     69,590        31.81
  Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators                                                  4,640       26.06     54,210        22.77
  Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates                                               24,640       42.09     87,540        46.31
  Paralegals and legal assistants                                                         206,700       19.57     40,710        18.23
  Court reporters                                                                          15,370       22.26     46,310        20.31
  Law clerks                                                                               41,550       15.88     33,030        15.27
  Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers                                              47,840       18.69     38,880        16.39

Education, training, and library occupations
  Business teachers, postsecondary                                                         68,260        (2)      62,450         (2)
  Computer science teachers, postsecondary                                                 34,470        (2)      56,210         (2)
  Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary                                             41,880        (2)      55,510         (2)
  Architecture teachers, postsecondary                                                      5,270        (2)      64,300         (2)
  Engineering teachers, postsecondary                                                      28,990        (2)      74,630         (2)
  Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary                                            11,260        (2)      66,780         (2)
  Biological science teachers, postsecondary                                               51,780        (2)      68,880         (2)
  Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary                                 2,660        (2)      66,740         (2)
  Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary                    8,420        (2)      68,370         (2)
  Chemistry teachers, postsecondary                                                        17,100        (2)      61,820         (2)
  Environmental science teachers, postsecondary                                             3,620        (2)      62,960         (2)
  Physics teachers, postsecondary                                                          11,870        (2)      67,430         (2)

  Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary                                       4,690        (2)      64,320         (2)
  Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary                                7,490        (2)      60,520         (2)
  Economics teachers, postsecondary                                                        11,420        (2)      70,590         (2)
  Geography teachers, postsecondary                                                         3,910        (2)      59,200         (2)
  Political science teachers, postsecondary                                                12,320        (2)      62,880         (2)
  Psychology teachers, postsecondary                                                       27,250        (2)      59,180         (2)
  Sociology teachers, postsecondary                                                        13,990        (2)      56,830         (2)
  Health specialties teachers, postsecondary                                               88,130        (2)      73,660         (2)
  Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary                                          36,330        (2)      53,480         (2)
  Education teachers, postsecondary                                                        44,880        (2)      51,830         (2)
  Library science teachers, postsecondary                                                   4,110        (2)      53,660         (2)

  Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary                              9,610        (2)      49,180         (2)
  Law teachers, postsecondary                                                              11,470        (2)      91,420         (2)
  Social work teachers, postsecondary                                                       6,470        (2)      55,830         (2)
  Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary                                            60,120        (2)      52,770         (2)
  Communications teachers, postsecondary                                                   20,420        (2)      52,400         (2)
  English language and literature teachers, postsecondary                                  56,540        (2)      51,780         (2)
  Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary                                  19,710        (2)      50,920         (2)
  History teachers, postsecondary                                                          18,110        (2)      56,550         (2)
  Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary                                          15,890        (2)      53,600         (2)
  Graduate teaching assistants                                                            121,760        (2)      26,440         (2)
  Home economics teachers, postsecondary                                                    4,500        (2)      52,600         (2)
  Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary                                   14,780        (2)      47,050         (2)
  Vocational education teachers, postsecondary                                            121,090       20.80     43,270        19.10

  Preschool teachers, except special education                                            368,870       10.67     22,190         9.53
  Kindergarten teachers, except special education                                         162,660        (2)      42,380         (2)
  Elementary school teachers, except special education                                  1,432,800        (2)      44,350         (2)

  Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education                         604,370        (2)      44,830         (2)
  Vocational education teachers, middle school                                             17,430        (2)      44,930         (2)
  Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education                    1,011,240        (2)      46,790         (2)
  Vocational education teachers, secondary school                                         101,190        (2)      46,100         (2)
  Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school              207,530        (2)      45,920         (2)
  Special education teachers, middle school                                                93,790        (2)      44,920         (2)
  Special education teachers, secondary school                                            131,190        (2)      47,530         (2)
  Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors                     62,510       20.47     42,570        18.10
  Self-enrichment education teachers                                                      136,680       16.15     33,590        14.34

  Archivists, curators, and museum technicians                                             21,030       19.21     39,960        17.14
  Librarians                                                                              153,330       21.89     45,520        21.22
  Library technicians                                                                     108,940       12.29     25,570        11.65
  Audio-visual collections specialists                                                      8,970       16.80     34,940        15.67
  Farm and home management advisors                                                        12,010       20.10     41,800        19.20
  Instructional coordinators                                                               96,690       24.09     50,100        22.82
  Teacher assistants                                                                    1,234,030        (2)      20,220         (2)

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
  Art directors                                                                            24,000       33.70     70,100        29.93
  Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators                             9,690       20.97     43,610        17.03
  Multi-media artists and animators                                                        32,910       25.42     52,880        22.08
  Commercial and industrial designers                                                      33,390       26.41     54,920        25.16
  Fashion designers                                                                        11,270       30.12     62,650        25.42
  Floral designers                                                                         69,730       10.00     20,810         9.45
  Graphic designers                                                                       151,950       19.85     41,300        17.61
  Interior designers                                                                       46,240       21.39     44,480        19.29
  Merchandise displayers and window trimmers                                               59,150       11.99     24,940        10.59
  Set and exhibit designers                                                                 8,060       18.78     39,070        16.90

  Actors                                                                                   51,840        (2)      48,940         (2)
  Producers and directors                                                                  54,370        (2)      64,550         (2)
  Athletes and sports competitors                                                          11,840        (2)      90,410         (2)
  Coaches and scouts                                                                      105,070        (2)      33,570         (2)
  Umpires, referees, and other sports officials                                             8,790        (2)      27,820         (2)
  Dancers                                                                                  15,390       12.76     26,540         9.45
  Choreographers                                                                           14,810       17.16     35,700        14.92
  Music directors and composers                                                             9,000        (2)      41,450         (2)
  Musicians and singers                                                                    50,600        (2)      51,580         (2)

  Announcers                                                                               49,370       14.25     29,640        10.07
  News analysts, reporters and correspondents                                              60,230       19.27     40,090        15.02
  Public relations specialists                                                            147,970       23.19     48,230        20.48
  Editors                                                                                 108,990       22.83     47,490        19.93
  Technical writers                                                                        44,690       26.15     54,390        24.80
  Writers and authors                                                                      43,740       24.26     50,460        20.35
  Interpreters and translators                                                             21,910       17.22     35,820        16.10

  Audio and video equipment technicians                                                    37,370       16.88     35,110        14.81
  Broadcast technicians                                                                    32,750       16.62     34,560        13.51
  Radio operators                                                                           2,060       15.80     32,870        14.57
  Sound engineering technicians                                                            11,840       22.49     46,780        18.41
  Photographers                                                                            57,740       14.23     29,590        12.04
  Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture                                  21,430       18.34     38,140        16.51
  Film and video editors                                                                   15,100       22.32     46,420        19.52

Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
  Chiropractors                                                                            20,210       39.72     82,630        31.72
  Dentists                                                                                 97,090       63.08    131,210        57.85
  Dietitians and nutritionists                                                             46,190       20.68     43,020        20.21
  Optometrists                                                                             22,740       45.70     95,060        41.07
  Pharmacists                                                                             215,030       37.80     78,620        38.72

  Anesthesiologists                                                                        23,790       88.89    184,880         (3)
  Family and general practitioners                                                        111,990       67.13    139,640        64.11
  Internists, general                                                                      50,140       76.99    160,130         (3)
  Obstetricians and gynecologists                                                          19,180       86.86    180,660         (3)
  Pediatricians, general                                                                   26,910       68.90    143,300        64.50
  Psychiatrists                                                                            19,530       66.97    139,300        64.41
  Surgeons                                                                                 49,730       91.48    190,280         (3)

  Physician assistants                                                                     60,030       31.15     64,790        31.57
  Podiatrists                                                                               7,800       51.17    106,430        45.22
  Registered nurses                                                                     2,246,430       24.63     51,230        23.82
  Audiologists                                                                             10,030       25.23     52,490        23.93
  Occupational therapists                                                                  81,380       25.87     53,810        25.27

  Physical therapists                                                                     134,970       29.02     60,350        27.75
  Radiation therapists                                                                     13,990       30.83     64,130        26.06
  Recreational therapists                                                                  22,860       15.82     32,920        15.32
  Respiratory therapists                                                                   87,180       20.07     41,750        19.79
  Speech-language pathologists                                                             86,640       25.10     52,210        24.06
  Veterinarians                                                                            43,890       36.00     74,880        31.13

  Medical and clinical laboratory technologists                                           146,900       21.38     44,480        20.98
  Medical and clinical laboratory technicians                                             146,160       14.88     30,940        14.24
  Dental hygienists                                                                       146,360       28.13     58,520        27.10
  Cardiovascular technologists and technicians                                             43,300       18.44     38,350        17.99
  Diagnostic medical sonographers                                                          37,240       24.39     50,740        24.02
  Nuclear medicine technologists                                                           17,550       26.57     55,260        24.79
  Radiologic technologists and technicians                                                173,030       20.03     41,660        19.53
  Emergency medical technicians and paramedics                                            181,750       12.95     26,930        11.75

  Dietetic technicians                                                                     26,870       11.64     24,210        10.78
  Pharmacy technicians                                                                    211,270       11.47     23,860        10.94
  Psychiatric technicians                                                                  56,000       13.60     28,290        12.39
  Respiratory therapy technicians                                                          25,470       17.11     35,590        16.75
  Surgical technologists                                                                   73,250       15.74     32,740        15.45
  Veterinary technologists and technicians                                                 53,730       11.76     24,470        11.22
  Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses                                       682,590       15.97     33,210        15.57
  Medical records and health information technicians                                      148,380       12.77     26,550        11.79
  Opticians, dispensing                                                                    63,780       13.74     28,570        12.67
  Orthotists and prosthetists                                                               4,880       27.38     56,950        23.90
  Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians                               42,580       23.57     49,020        22.88
  Athletic trainers                                                                        11,750        (2)      34,860         (2)

Healthcare support occupations
  Home health aides                                                                       583,880        9.22     19,180         8.77
  Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants                                              1,341,650       10.12     21,050         9.85
  Psychiatric aides                                                                        57,770       11.48     23,880        11.01
  Occupational therapist assistants                                                        18,940       18.04     37,530        17.98
  Occupational therapist aides                                                              6,060       12.21     25,390        10.95
  Physical therapist assistants                                                            52,440       17.67     36,750        17.60
  Physical therapist aides                                                                 36,870       10.71     22,270        10.08
  Massage therapists                                                                       29,940       16.49     34,310        13.78
  Dental assistants                                                                       272,030       13.57     28,230        13.32
  Medical assistants                                                                      362,670       11.99     24,940        11.62
  Medical equipment preparers                                                              37,140       11.66     24,260        11.23
  Medical transcriptionists                                                                97,810       13.59     28,270        13.26
  Pharmacy aides                                                                           61,170        9.42     19,600         8.84
  Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers                                   64,490        9.28     19,310         8.66

Protective service occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers                                 33,760       23.00     47,850        21.88
  First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives                                101,740       30.39     63,200        29.98
  First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers                  59,000       28.24     58,750        27.40

  Fire fighters                                                                           273,120       18.41     38,280        17.82
  Fire inspectors and investigators                                                        12,320       22.76     47,340        21.99
  Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists                                         1,460       19.72     41,010        18.31

  Bailiffs                                                                                 16,760       16.81     34,970        16.57
  Correctional officers and jailers                                                       417,420       16.87     35,090        15.94
  Detectives and criminal investigators                                                    87,480       26.17     54,440        25.19
  Fish and game wardens                                                                     6,850       21.41     44,540        19.90
  Parking enforcement workers                                                               9,870       14.22     29,570        13.55
  Police and sheriff's patrol officers                                                    609,960       21.62     44,960        21.16
  Transit and railroad police                                                               5,470       22.09     45,940        21.23

  Animal control workers                                                                   12,290       12.93     26,900        12.38
  Private detectives and investigators                                                     30,460       16.87     35,080        14.62
  Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators                                     7,560       12.51     26,030        11.86
  Security guards                                                                         964,260       10.34     21,520         9.45
  Crossing guards                                                                          70,820        9.86     20,510         9.07

Food preparation and serving related occupations
  Chefs and head cooks                                                                    118,870       15.68     32,620        13.82
  First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers                 694,040       12.90     26,840        11.88
  Cooks, fast food                                                                        612,960        7.23     15,030         6.95
  Cooks, institution and cafeteria                                                        406,010        9.31     19,350         8.80
  Cooks, restaurant                                                                       734,870        9.62     20,020         9.26
  Cooks, short order                                                                      227,360        8.30     17,260         7.90
  Food preparation workers                                                                852,890        8.34     17,340         7.92

  Bartenders                                                                              470,020        8.14    16,930          7.23
  Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food                     2047,100        7.34    15,260          7.00
  Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop                         461,700        7.76    16,140          7.38
  Waiters and waitresses                                                                2,125,100        7.58    15,780          6.78
  Food servers, nonrestaurant                                                             194,260        8.28    17,220          7.65
  Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers                              393,500        7.38    15,350          7.01
  Dishwashers                                                                             492,620        7.45    15,490          7.21
  Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop                                294,300        7.77    16,170          7.40

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers                  203,770       14.90     31,000        13.78
  First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and
     groundskeeping workers                                                                95,450       17.71     36,840        16.23
  Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners                         2,064,350        9.77     20,320         8.85
  Maids and housekeeping cleaners                                                         896,370        8.42     17,520         7.98
  Pest control workers                                                                     58,500       12.75     26,510        12.01
  Landscaping and groundskeeping workers                                                  819,780       10.39     21,610         9.59
  Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation                                23,450       12.60     26,210        12.25
  Tree trimmers and pruners                                                                40,710       13.11     27,270        12.32

Personal care and service occupations
  Gaming supervisors                                                                       26,280       19.64     40,860        19.31
  Slot key persons                                                                         15,000       11.98     24,930        11.13
  First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers                             110,630       15.67     32,590        14.18
  Animal trainers                                                                           6,990       12.65     26,310        10.75
  Nonfarm animal caretakers                                                                85,440        9.08     18,890         8.26

  Gaming dealers                                                                           76,120        7.86     16,350         6.83
  Gaming and sports book writers and runners                                               15,820       10.04     20,880         9.05
  Motion picture projectionists                                                            10,450        9.98     20,750         8.24
  Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers                                             109,290        7.94     16,520         7.07
  Amusement and recreation attendants                                                     236,070        7.89     16,400         7.23
  Costume attendants                                                                        3,400       13.80     28,700        12.22
  Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants                                      21,420        8.60     17,890         8.25

  Embalmers                                                                                 7,630       17.48     36,360        16.51
  Funeral attendants                                                                       28,120        9.66     20,090         8.91
  Barbers                                                                                  17,570       11.16     23,210         9.73
  Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists                                          335,860       10.49     21,810         8.99
  Makeup artists, theatrical and performance                                                  720       16.68     34,700        14.09
  Manicurists and pedicurists                                                              32,670        9.21     19,150         8.52
  Shampooers                                                                               15,300        7.27     15,120         6.90
  Skin care specialists                                                                    16,820       12.65     26,310        11.08

  Baggage porters and bellhops                                                             55,880       10.53     21,900         8.51
  Concierges                                                                               16,710       11.31     23,520        10.48
  Tour guides and escorts                                                                  27,390        9.71     20,190         9.04
  Travel guides                                                                             5,450       15.17     31,540        13.24
  Flight attendants                                                                       107,100        (2)      47,670         (2)
  Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and baggage porters                  28,580        9.99     20,770         9.05

  Child care workers                                                                      469,150        8.37     17,400         7.90
  Personal and home care aides                                                            487,200        8.18     17,020         7.91
  Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors                                               177,790       14.71     30,590        11.78
  Recreation workers                                                                      265,640       10.12     21,040         8.94
  Residential advisors                                                                     49,650       10.89     22,650        10.06

Sales and related occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers                               1,175,310       17.10     35,560        14.75
  First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers                             327,180       32.46     67,520        26.78
  Cashiers                                                                              3,462,010        8.14     16,940         7.58
  Gaming change persons and booth cashiers                                                 30,760        9.84     20,470         9.63

  Counter and rental clerks                                                               442,310        9.95     20,690         8.48
  Parts salespersons                                                                      236,090       13.04     27,120        11.78
  Retail salespersons                                                                   3,992,930       10.70     22,260         8.70

  Advertising sales agents                                                                141,340       23.26     48,390        18.58
  Insurance sales agents                                                                  277,120       25.85     53,770        19.25
  Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents                            245,280       40.94     85,150        29.10
  Travel agents                                                                           103,840       14.00     29,110        13.05
  Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific
     products                                                                             390,080       31.42     65,360        27.46
  Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical
     and scientific products                                                            1,421,660       25.23     52,480        21.09

  Demonstrators and product promoters                                                      95,300       12.07     25,110         9.74
  Models                                                                                    1,560       14.89     30,980        11.67
  Real estate brokers                                                                      40,590       33.62     69,920        23.91
  Real estate sales agents                                                                123,490       21.61     44,950        15.68
  Sales engineers                                                                          73,200       34.85     72,490        32.59
  Telemarketers                                                                           404,150       10.86     22,590         9.55
  Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers                 21,600       13.97     29,050        11.67

Office and administrative support occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers          1,412,470       20.46     42,550        18.99
  Switchboard operators, including answering service                                      217,700       10.69     22,230        10.27
  Telephone operators                                                                      45,310       14.31     29,770        13.48

  Bill and account collectors                                                             417,100       13.74     28,580        12.98
  Billing and posting clerks and machine operators                                        487,420       13.13     27,310        12.64
  Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks                                          1,750,680       13.93     28,980        13.35
  Gaming cage workers                                                                      18,370       10.94     22,760        10.61
  Payroll and timekeeping clerks                                                          194,330       14.75     30,670        14.22
  Procurement clerks                                                                       72,820       14.79     30,770        14.49
  Tellers                                                                                 538,890       10.07     20,940         9.94

  Brokerage clerks                                                                         75,380       17.46     36,310        16.39
  Correspondence clerks                                                                    27,460       13.49     28,050        12.88
  Court, municipal, and license clerks                                                    100,310       14.15     29,430        13.20
  Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks                                                 73,860       14.22     29,580        13.08
  Customer service representatives                                                      1,902,850       13.73     28,560        12.74
  Eligibility interviewers, government programs                                            89,410       16.23     33,750        15.87
  File clerks                                                                             249,270       10.43     21,690         9.84
  Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks                                                    180,410        8.77     18,240         8.39

  Interviewers, except eligibility and loan                                               190,160       11.44     23,790        10.86
  Library assistants, clerical                                                            109,900       10.23     21,280         9.58
  Loan interviewers and clerks                                                            179,080       14.34     29,830        13.62
  New accounts clerks                                                                     105,300       13.17     27,400        12.47
  Order clerks                                                                            303,320       12.77     26,560        12.05
  Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping                              165,760       15.44     32,120        14.93
  Receptionists and information clerks                                                  1,058,790       10.65     22,150        10.25
  Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks                          165,990       14.00     29,130        12.60

  Cargo and freight agents                                                                 61,770       16.29     33,880        15.38
  Couriers and messengers                                                                 118,210       10.00     20,790         9.39
  Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers                                                  89,620       14.27     29,690        13.60
  Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance                                         161,790       15.80     32,870        14.61
  Meter readers, utilities                                                                 51,790       14.67     30,510        13.80
  Postal service clerks                                                                    78,520       18.83     39,170        19.13
  Postal service mail carriers                                                            344,580       18.87     39,240        19.05
  Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators               224,250       17.79     37,010        18.78
  Production, planning, and expediting clerks                                             277,030       17.32     36,030        16.74
  Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks                                                 767,470       12.11     25,200        11.38
  Stock clerks and order fillers                                                        1,576,620       10.33     21,490         9.38
  Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping                               77,770       13.07     27,180        11.80

  Executive secretaries and administrative assistants                                   1,418,640       17.22     35,810        16.39
  Legal secretaries                                                                       264,080       17.87     37,170        17.15
  Medical secretaries                                                                     349,370       13.08     27,210        12.50
  Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive                                     1,845,860       12.76     26,540        12.22

  Computer operators                                                                      160,170       15.32     31,870        14.41
  Data entry keyers                                                                       339,010       11.34     23,590        10.86
  Word processors and typists                                                             191,180       13.65     28,400        13.05
  Desktop publishers                                                                       33,590       16.15     33,590        15.19
  Insurance claims and policy processing clerks                                           239,580       14.33     29,800        13.71
  Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service                           152,360       10.91     22,700        10.47
  Office clerks, general                                                                2,926,160       11.43     23,780        10.80
  Office machine operators, except computer                                                90,470       11.42     23,760        10.68
  Proofreaders and copy markers                                                            24,700       12.76     26,550        11.77
  Statistical assistants                                                                   20,970       15.11     31,430        14.37

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers                20,620       18.14     37,730        16.76
  Farm labor contractors                                                                    3,340       10.29     21,390         7.79
  Agricultural inspectors                                                                  13,670       15.09     31,390        13.83
  Animal breeders                                                                           1,750       14.25     29,640        12.02
  Graders and sorters, agricultural products                                               51,210        8.53     17,740         7.78
  Agricultural equipment operators                                                         21,330        9.47     19,690         8.59
  Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse                                 233,450        8.02     16,670         7.43

  Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals                                                      42,890        8.84     18,390         8.12
  Forest and conservation workers                                                           9,170       11.24     23,380         9.58
  Fallers                                                                                   9,620       15.31     31,850        13.46
  Logging equipment operators                                                              28,190       13.52     28,130        13.00
  Log graders and scalers                                                                   4,900       13.94     28,990        13.01

Construction and extraction occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers           516,540       25.06     52,130        23.43
  Boilermakers                                                                             20,270       20.92     43,510        20.79
  Brickmasons and blockmasons                                                             107,900       20.36     42,350        19.98
  Stonemasons                                                                              13,710       17.36     36,110        16.35
  Carpenters                                                                              852,080       17.75     36,920        16.47
  Carpet installers                                                                        37,720       17.00     35,360        15.82
  Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles                                        15,070       17.19     35,760        16.75
  Floor sanders and finishers                                                               6,700       14.14     29,420        13.08
  Tile and marble setters                                                                  36,900       17.95     37,340        17.12
  Cement masons and concrete finishers                                                    180,540       16.23     33,760        14.80
  Terrazzo workers and finishers                                                            6,140       14.64     30,460        13.32
  Construction laborers                                                                   837,650       13.64     28,380        11.86
  Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators                                       57,980       15.86     32,980        14.06
  Pile-driver operators                                                                     4,390       22.72     47,260        23.16
  Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators                          343,640       18.39     38,260        16.84
  Drywall and ceiling tile installers                                                     111,970       17.56     36,530        16.19
  Tapers                                                                                   33,540       19.33     40,200        18.81

  Electricians                                                                            584,010       21.20     44,090        20.04
  Glaziers                                                                                 46,230       17.16     35,690        15.53
  Insulation workers                                                                       52,170       15.83     32,940        14.04
  Painters, construction and maintenance                                                  247,880       15.36     31,960        14.12
  Paperhangers                                                                              8,910       16.45     34,220        15.40
  Pipelayers                                                                               51,940       15.38     32,000        13.73
  Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters                                                 433,600       20.89     43,450        19.69
  Plasterers and stucco masons                                                             53,530       17.17     35,720        15.90
  Reinforcing iron and rebar workers                                                       30,250       18.91     39,330        16.80
  Roofers                                                                                 118,390       15.78     32,820        14.43
  Sheet metal workers                                                                     189,590       18.16     37,780        16.83
  Structural iron and steel workers                                                        70,420       20.49     42,610        19.58

  Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters              59,890       12.99     27,010        11.64
  Helpers--carpenters                                                                      98,180       10.93     22,740        10.37
  Helpers--electricians                                                                    93,520       12.01     24,980        11.27
  Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons                           29,130       10.97     22,820         9.81
  Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters                             77,580       11.50     23,920        10.77
  Helpers--roofers                                                                         21,490       10.64     22,140         9.96

  Construction and building inspectors                                                     79,720       21.36     44,430        20.50
  Elevator installers and repairers                                                        21,470       26.86     55,860        26.90
  Fence erectors                                                                           22,550       12.18     25,340        10.85
  Hazardous materials removal workers                                                      36,590       17.30     35,970        15.72
  Highway maintenance workers                                                             140,450       14.21     29,550        13.77
  Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators                                    11,170       16.91     35,170        17.29
  Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners                                            16,310       14.26     29,670        13.45
  Segmental pavers                                                                          1,710       14.30     29,740        12.76

  Derrick operators, oil and gas                                                           15,080       15.58     32,400        14.69
  Rotary drill operators, oil and gas                                                      14,830       17.99     37,420        16.78
  Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining                                             12,640       15.93     33,140        14.41
  Earth drillers, except oil and gas                                                       19,970       16.46     34,230        15.65
  Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters                               5,140       17.52     36,450        16.97
  Continuous mining machine operators                                                       7,610       17.18     35,730        17.17
  Mine cutting and channeling machine operators                                             4,460       17.49     36,370        17.56
  Rock splitters, quarry                                                                    3,240       13.76     28,620        12.88
  Roof bolters, mining                                                                      3,980       18.49     38,460        18.54
  Roustabouts, oil and gas                                                                 32,720       11.84     24,640        10.70
  Helpers--extraction workers                                                              28,860       13.21     27,480        12.63

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers                 445,520       24.53     51,020        23.37
  Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers                                144,370       16.98     35,310        16.24
  Radio mechanics                                                                           6,890       18.80     39,100        17.82
  Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers           195,500       22.31     46,400        23.19
  Avionics technicians                                                                     21,420       20.98     43,630        20.73
  Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers                                        26,070       16.19     33,660        15.53
  Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment            17,370       18.91     39,330        18.89
  Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment                83,820       19.96     41,520        20.29

  Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay                  20,700       24.28     50,500        25.02
  Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles                            14,590       13.64     28,360        12.64
  Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers                         33,340       14.10     29,330        13.14
  Security and fire alarm systems installers                                               46,850       16.81     34,960        16.00

  Aircraft mechanics and service technicians                                              117,180       21.37     44,460        20.94
  Automotive body and related repairers                                                   173,590       17.19     35,760        15.93
  Automotive glass installers and repairers                                                18,550       13.61     28,320        13.06
  Automotive service technicians and mechanics                                            690,780       16.02     33,320        14.97
  Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists                                   248,450       17.27     35,930        16.81
  Farm equipment mechanics                                                                 33,310       13.58     28,240        13.21
  Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines                                        115,090       18.07     37,590        17.69
  Rail car repairers                                                                       15,810       18.52     38,530        19.04
  Motorboat mechanics                                                                      18,890       14.63     30,420        14.02
  Motorcycle mechanics                                                                     13,690       14.06     29,250        13.29
  Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics                                 24,740       12.46     25,920        11.93
  Bicycle repairers                                                                         6,870        9.99     20,780         9.63
  Recreational vehicle service technicians                                                 12,520       13.83     28,770        13.11
  Tire repairers and changers                                                              82,340       10.72     22,300        10.02

  Mechanical door repairers                                                                10,860       15.75     32,760        14.24
  Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door                       37,840       20.34     42,310        20.45
  Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers                   212,200       17.69     36,790        16.90
  Home appliance repairers                                                                 37,510       15.17     31,550        14.37
  Industrial machinery mechanics                                                          192,300       19.06     39,640        18.48
  Maintenance and repair workers, general                                               1,230,880       15.05     31,300        14.33
  Maintenance workers, machinery                                                           89,160       16.41     34,130        15.86
  Millwrights                                                                              64,910       20.74     43,150        20.38
  Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons                                        3,390       18.29     38,030        17.74
  Electrical power-line installers and repairers                                           95,190       22.82     47,460        23.54
  Telecommunications line installers and repairers                                        148,060       19.02     39,560        19.01
  Camera and photographic equipment repairers                                               4,640       15.81     32,890        15.01
  Medical equipment repairers                                                              23,500       18.91     39,330        18.25
  Musical instrument repairers and tuners                                                   5,550       16.10     33,490        13.89
  Watch repairers                                                                           3,700       14.68     30,540        13.16

  Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers                             35,370       13.77     28,650        13.36
  Commercial divers                                                                         2,690       18.27     38,000        16.48
  Fabric menders, except garment                                                            1,720       14.14     29,410        12.70
  Locksmiths and safe repairers                                                            19,340       14.68     30,540        13.83
  Manufactured building and mobile home installers                                         13,160       11.65     24,230        11.23
  Riggers                                                                                  12,550       17.07     35,510        16.25
  Signal and track switch repairers                                                         8,680       21.32     44,350        21.01
  Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers                                  148,890       11.25     23,400        10.21

Production occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers                     705,270       22.45     46,690        21.02
  Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers                            26,150       18.23     37,920        18.60
  Coil winders, tapers, and finishers                                                      33,590       12.17     25,320        11.48
  Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers                                          245,700       12.20     25,380        11.28
  Electromechanical equipment assemblers                                                   54,690       13.09     27,230        12.52
  Engine and other machine assemblers                                                      50,410       16.31     33,920        15.58
  Structural metal fabricators and fitters                                                 85,330       14.60     30,380        13.94
  Fiberglass laminators and fabricators                                                    31,820       12.30     25,580        11.87
  Team assemblers                                                                       1,138,100       12.10     25,160        11.14
  Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators                                      5,280       13.55     28,180        12.79

  Bakers                                                                                  157,110       10.86     22,600        10.09
  Butchers and meat cutters                                                               132,370       13.07     27,180        12.30
  Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers                                            150,440        9.17     19,060         8.69
  Slaughterers and meat packers                                                           122,490        9.94     20,680         9.82
  Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders              17,800       12.79     26,600        11.89
  Food batchmakers                                                                         74,650       11.24     23,390        10.53
  Food cooking machine operators and tenders                                               34,480       10.99     22,860        10.31

  Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic                           126,150       14.74     30,650        14.14
  Numerical tool and process control programmers                                           17,820       19.24     40,020        18.43
  Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic         93,600       13.08     27,210        12.72
  Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic                       41,230       14.28     29,700        13.10
  Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic                       42,090       14.44     30,040        13.88
  Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders,
     metal and plastic                                                                    260,560       12.70     26,410        12.12
  Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plast        48,730       14.22     29,570        13.29
  Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders,
     metal and plastic                                                                     97,660       13.83     28,770        12.80
  Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic        70,300       15.04     31,290        14.57

  Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic           28,580       14.91     31,020        14.48
  Machinists                                                                              368,740       16.30     33,900        15.91
  Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders                                             17,810       15.65     32,550        15.24
  Pourers and casters, metal                                                               12,770       14.33     29,810        13.64
  Model makers, metal and plastic                                                           7,900       20.98     43,630        20.90
  Patternmakers, metal and plastic                                                          6,090       18.19     37,830        17.45
  Foundry mold and coremakers                                                              20,770       14.01     29,130        13.05
  Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders,
     metal and plastic                                                                    144,140       12.36     25,720        11.51
  Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic                100,320       15.20     31,620        13.97

  Tool and die makers                                                                     104,210       21.10     43,900        20.67
  Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers                                                354,300       15.06     31,330        14.25
  Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders                  53,750       15.18     31,580        13.99
  Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic               27,290       14.39     29,930        13.63
  Lay-out workers, metal and plastic                                                       12,540       16.08     33,450        15.37
  Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic           40,800       13.00     27,030        12.34
  Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners                                                    22,320       15.02     31,250        14.22

  Bindery workers                                                                          81,840       11.81     24,570        10.82
  Bookbinders                                                                               6,550       14.74     30,660        13.87
  Job printers                                                                             54,790       15.65     32,560        14.83
  Prepress technicians and workers                                                         82,970       15.95     33,170        15.22
  Printing machine operators                                                              189,900       14.93     31,050        14.11

  Laundry and dry-cleaning workers                                                        217,820        8.64     17,960         8.14
  Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials                                        87,500        8.61     17,900         8.27
  Sewing machine operators                                                                265,200        9.12     18,960         8.51
  Shoe and leather workers and repairers                                                    8,090        9.98     20,750         9.40
  Shoe machine operators and tenders                                                        6,020       10.24     21,300         9.89
  Sewers, hand                                                                             18,790        9.57     19,900         8.65
  Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers                                                  32,150       11.62     24,170        10.51
  Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders                               24,280       10.56     21,960        10.30
  Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders                                  32,170       10.47     21,770         9.87
  Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders                     47,720       11.42     23,740        11.37
  Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tender        60,550       11.08     23,040        10.62
  Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, syntheti
     and glass fibers                                                                      26,700       13.68     28,460        13.55
  Fabric and apparel patternmakers                                                         10,310       16.30     33,910        13.72
  Upholsterers                                                                             39,660       12.97     26,980        12.18

  Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters                                                      126,350       12.56     26,120        11.81
  Furniture finishers                                                                      28,770       11.82     24,590        11.13
  Model makers, wood                                                                        3,820       14.19     29,520        12.24
  Patternmakers, wood                                                                       3,470       14.93     31,060        14.25
  Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood                                     55,130       11.12     23,130        10.65
  Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing                       89,410       11.28     23,470        10.76

  Nuclear power reactor operators                                                           3,710       29.99     62,380        29.72
  Power distributors and dispatchers                                                       10,270       26.73     55,590        26.45
  Power plant operators                                                                    33,250       24.15     50,220        24.45
  Stationary engineers and boiler operators                                                48,880       21.32     44,340        20.87
  Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators                              95,870       16.89     35,130        16.30
  Chemical plant and system operators                                                      56,270       21.10     43,880        21.18
  Gas plant operators                                                                      11,180       23.53     48,940        23.45
  Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers                         40,980       22.97     47,780        24.02

  Chemical equipment operators and tenders                                                 59,720       18.75     39,000        18.62
  Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators,
     and tenders                                                                           37,360       15.99     33,260        15.25
  Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders                43,320       13.57     28,230        12.96
  Grinding and polishing workers, hand                                                     43,910       12.03     25,030        11.10
  Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders                             106,610       13.94     28,990        13.43
  Cutters and trimmers, hand                                                               30,110       12.01     24,980        10.79
  Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders                              70,960       13.06     27,170        12.53
  Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tend        73,990       13.84     28,780        13.05
  Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders                             30,320       14.63     30,430        13.95
  Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers                                    497,300       14.65     30,470        13.34
  Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers                                            30,360       14.48     30,120        13.06
  Dental laboratory technicians                                                            45,480       15.40     32,030        14.10
  Medical appliance technicians                                                            11,270       14.82     30,820        13.41
  Ophthalmic laboratory technicians                                                        30,300       11.42     23,760        10.67

  Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders                                     400,680       11.40     23,700        10.45
  Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders                  93,110       13.06     27,160        12.37
  Painters, transportation equipment                                                       46,600       17.56     36,520        16.39
  Painting, coating, and decorating workers                                                29,590       11.36     23,640        10.41

  Photographic process workers                                                             27,170       11.19     23,280         9.79
  Photographic processing machine operators                                                54,750       10.14     21,100         9.11
  Semiconductor processors                                                                 50,160       14.14     29,410        13.29
  Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders                                       25,390       11.98     24,920        11.24
  Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders                    17,590       11.99     24,950        11.07
  Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders                                      7,920       11.46     23,830        10.31
  Etchers and engravers                                                                     8,800       11.94     24,840        10.69
  Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic                                  37,600       12.70     26,420        11.91
  Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders                                     109,600       14.29     29,720        13.91
  Tire builders                                                                            14,830       17.59     36,590        19.01
  Helpers--production workers                                                             452,700       10.09     20,980         9.42

Transportation and material moving occupations
  Aircraft cargo handling supervisors                                                       9,440       19.63     40,830        17.64
  First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand         154,750       19.19     39,920        18.16
  First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and material-moving machine
     and vehicle operators                                                                214,030       22.58     46,960        21.08
  Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers                                           79,770        (2)     129,880         (2)
  Commercial pilots                                                                        19,980        (2)      57,950         (2)
  Air traffic controllers                                                                  23,040       44.83     93,240        46.28
  Airfield operations specialists                                                           5,660       20.85     43,380        18.79

  Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians                   17,650        9.73     20,230         9.14
  Bus drivers, transit and intercity                                                      194,400       14.98     31,160        14.29
  Bus drivers, school                                                                     467,840       11.05     22,990        10.86
  Driver/sales workers                                                                    380,120       11.38     23,660         9.79
  Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer                                              1,528,630       16.51     34,330        16.01
  Truck drivers, light or delivery services                                               943,840       12.76     26,530        11.58
  Taxi drivers and chauffeurs                                                             131,570       10.22     21,260         9.14

  Locomotive engineers                                                                     30,450       24.60     51,160        22.11
  Locomotive firers                                                                           680       21.67     45,080        22.75
  Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers                                       5,680       19.30     40,140        18.01
  Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators                                             13,850       23.10     48,040        21.59
  Railroad conductors and yardmasters                                                      34,720       24.36     50,670        21.31
  Subway and streetcar operators                                                            9,880       22.13     46,020        22.97

  Sailors and marine oilers                                                                27,570       15.36     31,950        14.44
  Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels                                             24,040       25.50     53,050        24.51
  Motorboat operators                                                                       3,680       14.71     30,590        12.51
  Ship engineers                                                                            8,900       26.39     54,900        26.01

  Bridge and lock tenders                                                                   3,270       16.93     35,220        17.97
  Parking lot attendants                                                                  113,490        8.50     17,670         8.00
  Service station attendants                                                               96,250        8.71     18,110         8.11
  Traffic technicians                                                                       6,460       16.85     35,040        16.15
  Transportation inspectors                                                                27,890       23.67     49,240        23.84

  Conveyor operators and tenders                                                           58,780       12.56     26,120        11.87
  Crane and tower operators                                                                47,420       18.73     38,950        17.86
  Dredge operators                                                                          3,030       14.17     29,470        13.37
  Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators                                    68,740       16.59     34,520        15.46
  Loading machine operators, underground mining                                             3,560       15.64     32,530        15.46
  Hoist and winch operators                                                                 8,560       17.78     36,990        15.40
  Industrial truck and tractor operators                                                  604,350       13.46     27,990        12.68
  Cleaners of vehicles and equipment                                                      320,840        9.15     19,030         8.27
  Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand                                2,255,780       10.41     21,650         9.58
  Machine feeders and offbearers                                                          159,160       11.27     23,430        10.57
  Packers and packagers, hand                                                             901,890        8.85     18,410         8.14
  Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators                                          6,190       21.20     44,100        20.97
  Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers                                                  12,260       18.60     38,680        18.00
  Wellhead pumpers                                                                          8,560       15.73     32,720        14.89
  Refuse and recyclable material collectors                                               138,480       12.51     26,030        11.56
  Shuttle car operators                                                                     3,040       18.17     37,800        18.79
  Tank car, truck, and ship loaders                                                        16,210       17.13     35,630        15.90


(1) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours;
for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the
reported survey data.

(2) Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available.

(3) Represents a wage above $70.00 per hour.