Technical information:   (202) 691-6569     USDL 02-619
                http://www.bls.gov/oes/
                                            For release:  10:00 A.M. EST
Media contact:           (202) 691-5902     Wednesday, November 6, 2002


                   OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES, 2001


   Management and legal occupations were the highest paying occupations in
2001, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of
Labor.  (See chart 1.)  These estimates for wage and salary workers are from 
the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey, a federal-state coopera-
tive program between BLS and State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs).

   The OES survey provides estimates of employment, average (mean) and median 
hourly wages, and mean annual wages for 770 detailed occupations and for 22 
major occupational groups, as defined by the Standard Occupational Classifi-
cation (SOC) system.  (See Technical Note.)  Table A displays the number of 
detailed occupations within each major occupational group, as well as the 
level and distribution of employment and the mean hourly wage for each 
occupational group.

   The major group with the largest employment in 2001 was office and
administrative support occupations, with 18 percent of total employment.
The next largest groups were sales and related occupations and production
occupations, with 10 and 9 percent of total employment, respectively.
The smallest occupational groups in terms of employment were the farming,
fishing, and forestry occupations, legal occupations, and life, physical,
and social science occupations.

   The highest paying major groups of occupations in 2001 were the management 
occupations and the legal occupations.  More than one-fourth of the workers 
in these occupational groups earned more than $43.75 per hour. (See table B.)
The occupational groups with the lowest average wages were the food prepara-
tion and serving related occupations, farming, fishing, and forestry occupa-
tions, building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations, and personal 
care and service occupations.  Nearly half or more of all workers in each of
these four lowest-paying groups earned less than $8.50 per hour.

   Major occupational groups whose wages were concentrated in the middle three
wage ranges included business and financial operations occupations, life, 
physical, and social science occupations, community and social services 
occupations, education, training, and library occupations, healthcare 
practitioner and technical occupations, construction and extraction occupations, 
and installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.

   The OES survey is designed to estimate employment and wages with a desired 
level of reliability based on a sample collected over a 3-year period.  The 
OES survey estimates for 2001 are based on responses from establishments col-
lected for 1999, 2000, and 2001.

                                  - 2 -

Table A.  Employment and wages by major occupational group, 2001
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                            |   Occupations    |     Employment     | Mean
  Major occupational group  |------------------|--------------------|hourly
                            |        | Percent |           |Percent | wage
                            | Number | of total|   Number  |of total|
----------------------------|--------|---------|-----------|--------|------
                            |        |         |           |        |
     Total..................|   770  |  100.0  |127,980,430|  100.0 |
Management..................|    30  |    3.9  |  7,212,130|    5.6 |$34.04
Business and financial      |        |         |           |        |
  operations................|    28  |    3.6  |  4,676,690|    3.7 | 24.32
Computer and mathematical...|    16  |    2.1  |  2,825,820|    2.2 | 29.02
Architecture and            |        |         |           |        |
  engineering...............|    35  |    4.5  |  2,489,040|    1.9 | 27.08
Life, physical, and social  |        |         |           |        |
  science...................|    39  |    5.1  |  1,067,750|     .8 | 23.90
Community and social        |        |         |           |        |
  services..................|    14  |    1.8  |  1,523,940|    1.2 | 16.44
Legal ......................|     9  |    1.2  |    909,360|     .7 | 33.19
Education, training, and    |        |         |           |        |
  library...................|    58  |    7.5  |  7,658,800|    6.0 | 18.81
Arts, design, entertainment,|        |         |           |        |
  sports, and media.........|    37  |    4.8  |  1,508,730|    1.2 | 19.12
Healthcare practitioner and |        |         |           |        |
  technical.................|    46  |    6.0  |  6,118,880|    4.8 | 24.01
Healthcare support..........|    15  |    1.9  |  3,123,160|    2.4 | 10.53
Protective service .........|    20  |    2.6  |  2,958,050|    2.3 | 15.64
Food preparation and serving|        |         |           |        |
  related...................|    16  |    2.1  |  9,917,790|    7.7 |  8.04
Building and grounds        |        |         |           |        |
  cleaning and maintenance..|     9  |    1.2  |  4,275,660|    3.3 |  9.80
Personal care and service...|    33  |    4.3  |  2,801,640|    2.2 | 10.10
Sales and related...........|    21  |    2.7  | 13,418,770|   10.5 | 13.91
Office and administrative   |        |         |           |        |
  support...................|    56  |    7.3  | 22,798,460|   17.8 | 13.09
Farming, fishing, and       |        |         |           |        |
  forestry..................|    13  |    1.7  |    453,010|     .4 |  9.44
Construction and extraction.|    58  |    7.5  |  6,239,250|    4.9 | 17.05
Installation, maintenance,  |        |         |           |        |
  and repair................|    53  |    6.9  |  5,322,980|    4.2 | 16.81
Production..................|   112  |   14.5  | 11,270,180|    8.8 | 13.27
Transportation and          |        |         |           |        |
  material moving ..........|    52  |    6.8  |  9,410,340|    7.4 | 12.77
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

   The OES survey estimates presented in this release are benchmarked to
a fourth-quarter 2001 reference period.  The 1999 and 2000 wage data have
been adjusted to the 2001 reference period by using the over-the-year wage
changes in the most applicable national Employment Cost Index series.  For
further details, see the Technical Note beginning on page 4.

   The 2001 OES data for states and metropolitan areas will be available
on the BLS Web site in late November.  The national employment and wage
data by industry also will be available on the Web site in late November.


                                   - 3 -

Table B.  Wage distribution by major occupational group, 2001
(Percent distribution)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |                         Wage range
     Major       |------------------------------------------------------------
  occupational   |Under|$8.50 |$10.75|$13.50|$17.00|$21.50|$27.25|$34.50|Over
     group       |$8.50|   to |   to |   to |   to |   to |   to |   to |$43.75                                                   |Over
                 |     |$10.74|$13.49|$16.99|$21.49|$27.24|$34.49|$43.74|
 ----------------|------------------------------------------------------------
Management.......|  1.7|   2.0|   4.1|   7.6|  11.3|  14.9|  16.3|  15.7| 26.4
Business and     |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  financial      |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  operations.....|  2.1|   2.9|   7.5|  14.9|  20.6|  20.9|  15.7|   8.8|  6.6
Computer and     |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  mathematical...|   .9|   1.9|   4.1|   8.2|  13.8|  19.5|  21.6|  17.7| 12.3
Architecture and |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  engineering....|   .8|   2.2|   5.0|   9.7|  16.2|  21.6|  21.0|  15.0|  8.6
Life, physical,  |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and social     |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  science .......|  3.0|   4.7|   8.8|  14.8|  18.5|  18.8|  14.8|   9.2|  7.3
Community and    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  social         |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  services.......|  8.5|  12.3|  18.9|  21.4|  18.3|  12.5|   5.7|   1.7|   .8
Legal............|  1.7|   3.1|   7.2|  11.8|  14.3|  12.4|  10.2|  11.0| 28.4
Education,       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  training, and  |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  library........| 13.3|   9.0|  10.3|  15.6|  18.6|  16.3|   9.9|   4.4|  2.6
Arts, design,    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  entertainment, |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  sports, and    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  media..........| 15.5|  10.7|  12.4|  14.9|  15.0|  13.2|   8.5|   4.8|  5.0
Healthcare       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  practitioner   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and technical..|  3.5|   5.8|   9.3|  14.9|  20.8|  19.7|  11.3|   5.6|  9.0
Healthcare       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  support........| 31.3|  30.3|  21.1|  11.3|   4.5|   1.0|    .3|    .1|   .1
Protective       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  service........| 20.3|  14.7|  14.3|  14.2|  14.4|  12.0|   6.9|   2.5|   .7
Food preparation |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and serving    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  related........| 71.3|  15.5|   7.7|   3.4|   1.4|    .4|    .1|     -|    -
Building and     |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  grounds clean- |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  ing and        |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  maintenance....| 46.9|  23.4|  14.7|   8.7|   4.4|   1.3|    .4|    .1|    -
Personal care    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and service....| 53.3|  20.0|  10.4|   6.7|   4.8|   2.5|   1.1|    .7|   .5
Sales and        |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  related .......| 41.4|  15.3|  10.7|   9.2|   7.7|   5.7|   3.9|   2.6|  3.4
Office and       |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  administrative |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  support........| 17.6|  21.2|  22.7|  18.6|  12.9|   4.8|   1.6|    .5|   .2
Farming, fishing,|     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and forestry...| 60.0|  15.8|  10.1|   6.9|   4.3|   1.8|    .7|    .3|   .1
Construction and |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  extraction.....|  8.4|  13.2|  17.2|  18.7|  17.4|  14.0|   8.1|   2.5|   .7
Installation,    |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  maintenance,   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and repair.....|  8.5|  11.8|  16.0|  19.7|  20.5|  15.4|   6.1|   1.5|   .4
Production.......| 20.8|  20.7|  20.1|  16.6|  11.1|   7.2|   2.5|    .7|   .2
Transportation   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  and material   |     |      |      |      |      |      |      |      |
  moving.........| 28.9|  19.5|  17.4|  14.5|  10.8|   5.6|   1.9|    .6|   .9
------------------------------------------------------------------------------







                                  - 4 -

Technical Note


Scope of the survey

   The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is an annual mail
survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary
workers in nonfarm establishments, by industry.  The OES survey samples and
contacts approximately 400,000 establishments each year and, over 3 years,
contacts approximately 1.2 million establishments.  The reference period
for each year's survey is the fourth quarter of that year.  The nationwide
response rate for the 2001 survey was 78 percent for establishment units
and 71 percent for employment.  While estimates can be made from a single
year or 2 years of data, achieving the desired precision for OES survey
estimates requires the full 3 years of sample.  (See Estimation methodology
section.)  The full sample allows the production of estimates at fine
levels of geographical, industrial, and occupational detail.  Estimates
from the 2001 survey are based on data collected from establishments for
1999, 2000, and 2001 using the Standard Occupational Classification system.  
A brief description of this classification system is provided below.
   
   The Occupational Classification System for 2001.  In 1999, the OES survey 
began using the Office of Management and Budget's occupational classification 
system--the Standard Occupational Classification system (SOC).  The SOC system 
is the first OMB-required occupational classification system for federal 
agencies.  The OES survey categorizes workers in one of about 770 detailed 
occupations.  Together, these detailed occupations comprise 22 major occupa-
tional groups.  The major groups of the SOC system are as follows:

               Management occupations
               Business and financial operations occupations
               Computer and mathematical occupations
               Architecture and engineering occupations
               Life, physical, and social science occupations
               Community and social services occupations
               Legal occupations
               Education, training, and library occupations
               Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
               Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
               Healthcare support occupations
               Protective service occupations
               Food preparation and serving related occupations
               Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
               Personal care and service occupations
               Sales and related occupations
               Office and administrative support occupations
               Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
               Construction and extraction occupations
               Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
               Production occupations
               Transportation and material moving occupations
               Military specific occupations (not surveyed in OES).

For more information about the SOC system, please see the BLS Web site at
http://www.bls.gov/soc/soc_home.htm.

   BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support,
while the State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs) collect the data.  BLS
produces cross industry and 2- and 3-digit Standard Industrial Classification 
(SIC) industry estimates for the nation, states, and metropolitan statistical 
areas (MSAs).  BLS releases all cross industry and national estimates, and 
the SESAs release industry estimates at the state and MSA levels.

                                  - 5 -

   The OES survey defines employment as the number of workers who can be
classified as full-time or part-time employees, including workers on paid
vacations or other types of leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences;
salaried officers, executives, and staff members of incorporated firms;
employees temporarily assigned to other units; and employees for whom the
reporting unit is their permanent duty station regardless of whether that
unit prepares their paycheck.  The survey excludes the self employed, 
owners/partners of unincorporated firms, and unpaid family workers.  
Employees are reported in the occupation in which they are working, not
necessarily for which they were trained.
   
   The OES survey currently uses the Standard Industrial Classification
system to classify all establishments.  An establishment is defined as an
economic unit that processes goods or provides services, such as a factory,
mine, or store.  The establishment is generally at a single physical
location and is engaged primarily in one type of economic activity.  The
scope of the survey includes establishments in SIC codes 07, 10, 12 to 17,
20 to 42, 44 to 65, 67, 70, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78 to 84, 86, 87, and 89 and
state and local government.  This scope covers agricultural services;
mining; construction; manufacturing; transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; services;
and government workers.  Data for the Postal Service (SIC code 43) and
federal government are universe counts obtained from the Postal Service and
the Office of Personnel Management, respectively.  Beginning with the 2002
estimates, the OES survey will be using the North American Industry Class-
ification System as the basis for industry classification.
   
   States' Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the universe from which 
the OES survey draws its sample.  The employment benchmarks are obtained from 
reports submitted by employers to the UI program.  In some nonmanufacturing 
industries, supplemental sources are used for establishments not reporting to 
the UI program.  The OES survey sample is stratified by area, industry, and 
size class.  Size classes are defined as follows:

                   Size class     Number of employees
                 _____________________________________

                       1              1 to 4
                       2              5 to 9
                       3              10 to 19
                       4              20 to 49
                       5              50 to 99
                       6              100 to 249
                       7              250 and above
                 _____________________________________


   UI reporting units with 250 or more employees are sampled with virtual
certainty across a 3-year period.  Generally, one-third of the certainty
units are sampled each year in each state.  There are some states that
sample more than one-third of their certainty units during one survey year.


Concepts

   Employment is the estimate of total wage and salary employment in an
occupation across the industries in which it was reported.  The OES survey
form sent to an establishment contains between 50 and 225 SOC occupations
selected on the basis of the industry classification and size class of the
sampled establishments.  To reduce paperwork and respondent burden, no
survey form contains every SOC occupation.  Thus, data for specific
occupations are collected primarily from establishments within industries
that are the predominant employers of labor in these occupations.  Each
survey form is structured, however, to allow a respondent to provide
information for each detailed occupation employed at the establishment;
that is, unlisted occupations can be added to the survey form.

                                  - 6 -
   
   Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of
premium pay.  Base rate, cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed pay,
hazardous-duty pay, incentive pay including commissions and production
bonuses, tips, and on-call pay are included.  Excluded are back pay, jury
duty pay, overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, nonproduction
bonuses, employer cost of supplementary benefits, and tuition reimburse-
ments.

   The OES survey collects wage data in 12 intervals.  Employers report
the number of employees in an occupation per each wage range.  The wage
intervals used for the 2001 survey are as follows:
   
----------------------------------------------------------
              |                  Wages
    Interval  |-------------------------------------------
              |       Hourly      |        Annual
--------------|-------------------|-----------------------
  Range A     | Under $6.75       | Under $14,040
  Range B     | $6.75 to $8.49    | $14,040 to $17,679
  Range C     | $8.50 to $10.74   | $17,680 to $22,359
  Range D     | $10.75 to $13.49  | $22,360 to $28,079
  Range E     | $13.50 to $16.99  | $28,080 to $35,359
  Range F     | $17.00 to $21.49  | $35,360 to $44,719
  Range G     | $21.50 to $27.24  | $44,720 to $56,679
  Range H     | $27.25 to $34.49  | $56,680 to $71,759
  Range I     | $34.50 to $43.74  | $71,760 to $90,999
  Range J     | $43.75 to $55.49  | $91,000 to $115,439
  Range K     | $55.50 to $69.99  | $115,440 to $145,599
  Range L     | $70.00 and over   | $145,600 and over
----------------------------------------------------------

   
   Mean wage is the estimated total wages for an occupation divided by its
weighted survey employment.  With the exception of the upper open-ended
wage interval, interval L ($70.00 an hour and over), a mean wage value is
calculated for each wage interval based on occupational wage data collected
by the BLS Office of Compensation and Working Conditions.  The mean wage
value for the upper open-ended wage interval is its lower bound (Winsorized
mean).  These interval mean wage values are then attributed to all workers
reported in the interval.  For each occupation, total weighted wages in
each interval are summed across all intervals and divided by the
occupation's weighted survey employment.
   
   Annual wage.  Many employees are paid at an hourly rate by their
employers and may work less than or more than 40 hours per week.  The
annual wage estimates in this release are calculated by multiplying the
mean hourly wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours
per year (52 weeks by 40 hours).  Thus, the annual wage estimates may not
represent the actual annual pay received by the employee if they work more
or less than 2,080 hours per year.  There are workers in some occupations
who are paid based on an annual amount, but generally do not work the usual
2,080 hours per year.  Since the survey does not collect the actual hours
worked, the hourly rate cannot be calculated with a reasonable degree of
confidence from the annual wages.  For this reason, the annual salary is
directly calculated from reported survey data and only annual wage estimates 
are reported for these occupations.  Occupations that typically have a work 
year of less than 2,080 hours include musical and entertainment occupations, 
pilots and flight attendants, and teachers.
   
   Hourly versus annual wage reporting.  For each occupation, respondents
are asked to report the number of employees paid within specific wage
intervals.  The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the
corresponding annual rates, where the annual rates are constructed by
multiplying the hourly wage rate for the interval by the typical work year
of 2,080 hours.  In reporting, the respondent can reference either the
hourly or the annual rate, but is instructed to report the hourly rate for
part-time workers.

                                  - 7 -       

Estimation methodology

   The OES survey samples approximately 400,000 establishments each year
and, over a 3-year period, contacts approximately 1.2 million
establishments.  Each single-year sample represents a one-third sample of
both the certainty and non-certainty strata for the full 3-year sample
plan.  While estimates can be made from a single year or 2 years of data,
the OES survey has been designed to produce estimates with a desired
precision using the full 3 years of data.  The full 3-year sample allows
the production of estimates at fine levels of geographical, industrial, and
occupational detail.  Producing estimates using the 3 years of sample data
provides significant sampling error reductions (particularly for small
geographic areas and occupations); however, it also has some quality
limitations in that it requires the adjustment of earlier years' data to
the current reference period--a procedure referred to as "wage updating."
   
   Wage Updating.  As noted above, combining multiple years of data has
both statistical advantages and limitations.  Significant reductions in
sampling error can be achieved by taking advantage of 3 years of data,
which covers over 70 percent of the employment in the United States.  This
feature is particularly important in improving the reliability of estimates
for small domains in the population (that is, wage and employment estimates
for detailed occupations in small areas).  Combining multiple years of data
also has been necessary to obtain full coverage of the certainty strata
(that is, large employers with 250 or more employment).
   
   Starting with the 1997 estimates, the OES program has used the over-the-
year fourth-quarter wage changes from the Bureau's Employment Cost Index
(ECI) to adjust prior year survey data before combining it with the current
year data.  The wage updating procedure assumes that each occupation's wage, 
as measured in the earlier years, moves according to the average movement of 
its occupational division and that there are no major geographic or detailed 
occupational differences--and this may not be the case.  The Bureau has con-
ducted research over the past several years on the accuracy of the ECI wage-
updating method versus other modeling approaches.  Current research results 
support the continued use of the ECI wage-updating methodology.
   
   2001 OES survey estimates.   The 2001 OES survey estimates are based on
data collected from establishments for 1999, 2000, and 2001.  The 2001
estimates use the wage-updating methodology introduced in 1997, which uses
the over-the-year fourth-quarter wage changes from the Employment Cost Index 
to adjust prior years' data before combining them with data from the current 
year.  In addition, the 2001 estimates use the estimation methodology intro-
duced in 1997, which uses a "nearest neighbor" imputation approach for non-
respondents and applies employment benchmarks at a detailed MSA by 3-digit 
industry and broad size class level.
   
   Reliability of the estimates.  Statistics based on establishment surveys 
are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.  When a sample of the 
population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimate of a 
characteristic may differ from the population value of that characteristic.  
The difference between the sample estimate and the population value will 
vary depending on the particular sample selected.  This variability is 
measured by the sampling error (SE).  If we were to repeat the sampling and 
estimation process using the same survey design, 90 percent of the intervals 
from the sample estimate minus 1.6 SE to the sample estimate plus 1.6 SE 
would include the population value.  This interval is called a 90-percent 
confidence interval.  The OES survey produces estimates of the relative 
standard error (RSE).  The RSE is defined as the SE divided by the estimated 
value as computed from the sample.  This statistic provides the user with a 

                                  - 8 -       
                                  
measure of the relative precision of the sample estimates.  The SE may be 
obtained by multiplying the RSE by the sample estimate.  RSE estimates are 
produced for both occupational employment and mean wage estimates.  The 
employment RSE values are estimated using a subsample replication technique 
known as the Jackknife (random group) variance estimation method.  The mean 
wage RSE values are estimated using a variance components model that accounts 
for both the observed and unobserved components of the wage data.  The
variances of the unobserved components of the wage data are calculated from
the Bureau's National Compensation Survey.  In general, estimates involving
many establishments have lower relative standard errors than estimates
involving few establishments.  If the distributional assumptions of the
models are violated, the resulting confidence interval may not reflect the
prescribed level of confidence.
   
Additional information

   The 2001 OES national data by occupation, comparable to data in table
1, will be available soon on the Internet (http://www.bls.gov/oes/).  Users
also may access each occupation's definition and percentile wages.  The
2001 cross industry data for states and metropolitan areas will be available 
on the BLS Web site in late November.  Industry staffing patterns at the 
2- and 3-digit SIC levels also will be available from the Internet beginning 
in late November.  These data will include industry-specific occupational 
employment and wage data.  BLS also plans to release a bulletin displaying 
2001 occupational employment and wage data for selected industries and areas 
in the spring of 2003.

   For additional information, contact the Office of Employment and Unemploy-
ment Statistics, Division of Occupational Employment Statistics, Room 2135, 
2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, DC, 20212; telephone 202-691-6569 
(e-mail: oesinfo@bls.gov).
   
   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1.  National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, 2001
													

													
													Mean wages                                   
      Occupation                                                                       Employment                        Median hourly
												    Hourly   Average(1)       wages


													
Management occupations
  Chief executives                                                                      455,950     $51.77    $107,670       $57.91
  General and operations managers                                                     2,064,130      35.37      73,570        31.25
  Legislators                                                                            67,400      13.54      28,170         7.05
  Advertising and promotions managers                                                    85,860      31.23      64,950        26.89
  Marketing managers                                                                    189,150      37.70      78,410        35.75
  Sales managers                                                                        317,430      37.02      77,000        34.43
  Public relations managers                                                              64,930      30.90      64,280        27.50

  Administrative services managers                                                      311,600      26.67      55,470        23.95
  Computer and information systems managers                                             267,320      40.33      83,890        39.65
  Financial managers                                                                    570,080      36.26      75,430        33.76
  Human resources managers                                                              194,470      31.89      66,330        29.75
  Industrial production managers                                                        183,040      32.84      68,310        31.01
  Purchasing managers                                                                   107,100      29.45      61,260        27.25
  Transportation, storage, and distribution managers                                    108,600      29.48      61,320        27.52

  Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers                                            5,720      22.41      46,610        20.27
  Construction managers                                                                 213,910      31.82      66,190        29.35
  Education administrators, preschool and child care center/program                      52,650      17.78      36,980        15.32
  Education administrators, elementary and secondary school                             200,430       (2)       71,130         (2)
  Education administrators, postsecondary                                                94,120      32.09      66,750        29.66
  Engineering managers                                                                  214,780      42.74      88,900        42.06
  Food service managers                                                                 260,790      18.41      38,290        16.17
  Funeral directors                                                                      25,300      23.27      48,410        20.20
  Gaming managers                                                                         3,470      28.38      59,020        25.70
  Lodging managers                                                                       31,040      17.70      36,820        15.80
  Medical and health services managers                                                  227,370      31.03      64,550        28.47
  Natural sciences managers                                                              42,650      39.88      82,940        38.66
  Postmasters and mail superintendents                                                   26,640      22.50      46,810        21.39
  Property, real estate, and community association managers                             156,190      21.19      44,080        17.45
  Social and community service managers                                                 100,810      21.42      44,540        19.84

Business and financial operations occupations
  Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes                      10,270      30.04      62,480        26.71
  Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products                                            17,640      21.70      45,130        18.60
  Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products                                     131,640      21.25      44,200        18.55
  Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products                        228,360      22.16      46,090        20.78
  Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators                                        200,490      21.80      45,350        20.40
  Insurance appraisers, auto damage                                                      12,110      20.37      42,360        20.10
  Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety,
     and transportation                                                                 136,580      22.23      46,250        20.50
  Cost estimators                                                                       188,830      24.25      50,450        22.58
  Emergency management specialists                                                       10,720      21.76      45,260        20.08
  Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists                                    173,960      21.31      44,320        18.27
  Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists                                   81,440      22.09      45,950        20.83
  Training and development specialists                                                  186,790      21.54      44,790        20.08
  Management analysts                                                                   363,890      31.00      64,470        27.87
  Meeting and convention planners                                                        29,570      19.08      39,680        17.57

  Accountants and auditors                                                              881,380      24.37      50,700        21.82
  Appraisers and assessors of real estate                                                59,630      20.39      42,420        18.72
  Budget analysts                                                                        60,620      25.50      53,040        24.29
  Credit analysts                                                                        66,690      22.68      47,170        20.02
  Financial analysts                                                                    157,760      30.02      62,440        26.50
  Personal financial advisors                                                            83,830      33.32      69,300        27.74
  Insurance underwriters                                                                 92,780      23.45      48,770        21.19
  Financial examiners                                                                    24,570      28.78      59,860        26.46
  Loan counselors                                                                        29,710      17.19      35,760        15.13
  Loan officers                                                                         213,480      24.07      50,060        20.78
  Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents                                          68,780      21.72      45,180        20.61
  Tax preparers                                                                          59,520      15.73      32,710        13.31

Computer and mathematical operations occupations
  Computer and information scientists, research                                          25,620      37.00      76,970        36.12
  Computer programmers                                                                  501,580      30.23      62,890        28.90
  Computer software engineers, applications                                             361,660      34.79      72,370        33.76
  Computer software engineers, systems software                                         261,520      35.81      74,490        35.23
  Computer support specialists                                                          493,230      20.16      41,920        18.54
  Computer systems analysts                                                             448,260      30.63      63,710        29.80
  Database administrators                                                               104,250      28.08      58,420        26.37
  Network and computer systems administrators                                           227,830      27.14      56,440        25.85
  Network systems and data communications analysts                                      126,060      28.99      60,300        27.63

  Actuaries                                                                              13,210      35.93      74,720        32.75
  Mathematicians                                                                          3,080      35.21      73,230        35.96

  Operations research analysts                                                           57,510      28.50      59,270        26.67
  Statisticians                                                                          17,040      27.44      57,080        25.98
  Mathematical technicians                                                                1,720      21.35      44,410        17.58

Architecture and engineering occupations
  Architects, except landscape and naval                                                 84,970      28.65      59,590        26.67
  Landscape architects                                                                   17,970      24.83      51,640        22.46
  Cartographers and photogrammetrists                                                     7,810      20.84      43,350        19.95
  Surveyors                                                                              54,640      19.96      41,510        18.87

  Aerospace engineers                                                                    74,380      34.32      71,380        33.83
  Agricultural engineers                                                                  2,550      26.11      54,300        23.59
  Biomedical engineers                                                                    6,960      30.45      63,330        28.75
  Chemical engineers                                                                     31,710      34.99      72,780        33.74
  Civil engineers                                                                       205,340      29.33      61,000        28.09
  Computer hardware engineers                                                            67,590      35.72      74,310        34.40
  Electrical engineers                                                                  151,310      32.99      68,630        32.16
  Electronics engineers, except computer                                                123,210      33.52      69,710        32.86
  Environmental engineers                                                                48,730      30.11      62,630        29.45
  Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors             36,420      28.41      59,090        27.67
  Industrial engineers                                                                  161,550      29.78      61,940        29.22
  Marine engineers and naval architects                                                   4,850      32.19      66,960        32.13
  Materials engineers                                                                    22,920      30.21      62,840        29.45
  Mechanical engineers                                                                  204,300      30.54      63,530        29.54
  Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers                      6,090      31.43      65,370        29.89
  Nuclear engineers                                                                      14,180      38.56      80,200        38.50
  Petroleum engineers                                                                    11,420      39.33      81,800        39.14

  Architectural and civil drafters                                                       99,140      18.55      38,580        17.79
  Electrical and electronics drafters                                                    39,300      20.77      43,200        19.27
  Mechanical drafters                                                                    69,140      20.07      41,750        19.05
  Aerospace engineering and operations technicians                                       15,570      24.75      51,470        24.27
  Civil engineering technicians                                                          85,910      18.54      38,560        17.98
  Electrical and electronic engineering technicians                                     220,810      20.78      43,220        20.26
  Electro-mechanical technicians                                                         42,150      19.18      39,900        18.34
  Environmental engineering technicians                                                  17,970      18.82      39,140        17.59
  Industrial engineering technicians                                                     59,500      21.15      43,980        19.70
  Mechanical engineering technicians                                                     54,440      20.51      42,650        19.67
  Surveying and mapping technicians                                                      56,440      14.81      30,810        13.56

Life, physical, and social science occupations
  Agricultural and food scientists                                                       13,480      25.14      52,290        23.27
  Biochemists and biophysicists                                                          16,130      29.66      61,680        27.45
  Microbiologists                                                                        15,520      26.20      54,500        23.98
  Zoologists and wildlife biologists                                                     12,940      22.79      47,410        22.22
  Conservation scientists                                                                12,750      23.78      49,460        23.54
  Foresters                                                                              10,480      22.65      47,110        22.16
  Epidemiologists                                                                         3,970      26.72      55,590        25.34
  Medical scientists, except epidemiologists                                             46,430      30.12      62,650        26.90

  Astronomers                                                                               900      36.73      76,390        37.29
  Physicists                                                                             10,880      40.26      83,750        40.23
  Atmospheric and space scientists                                                        6,770      29.55      61,470        29.58
  Chemists                                                                               84,870      26.86      55,880        24.93
  Materials scientists                                                                    8,360      31.18      64,850        30.17
  Environmental scientists and specialists, including health                             57,430      24.37      50,700        22.75
  Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers                                     23,020      30.83      64,130        28.02
  Hydrologists                                                                            7,330      28.16      58,570        27.12

  Economists                                                                             13,390      34.78      72,350        32.24
  Market research analysts                                                              108,930      27.99      58,230        25.70
  Survey researchers                                                                     20,690      15.70      32,660        11.17
  Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists                                         95,640      25.72      53,500        24.24
  Industrial-organizational psychologists                                                 1,380      33.63      69,950        31.74
  Sociologists                                                                            1,820      27.20      56,580        26.39
  Urban and regional planners                                                            31,130      24.24      50,430        23.33
  Anthropologists and archeologists                                                       4,190      20.10      41,800        18.70
  Geographers                                                                               760      24.10      50,120        23.27
  Historians                                                                              2,010      21.56      44,850        20.64
  Political scientists                                                                    4,220      37.94      78,920        39.11

  Agricultural and food science technicians                                              17,310      14.30      29,750        13.24
  Biological technicians                                                                 43,570      16.36      34,030        15.52

  Chemical technicians                                                                   71,010      18.20      37,850        17.40
  Geological and petroleum technicians                                                   11,930      19.85      41,300        18.53
  Nuclear technicians                                                                     5,240      29.56      61,490        28.70
  Environmental science and protection technicians, including health                     25,750      17.62      36,650        16.68
  Forensic science technicians                                                            6,730      19.38      40,300        18.45
  Forest and conservation technicians                                                    16,430      15.44      32,110        14.64

Community and social service occupations
  Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors                                     61,570      15.09      31,390        14.36
  Educational, vocational, and school counselors                                        201,520      21.89      45,540        20.90
  Marriage and family therapists                                                         20,370      16.94      35,230        15.73
  Mental health counselors                                                               72,590      15.37      31,970        13.97
  Rehabilitation counselors                                                             105,400      13.74      28,570        12.32
  Child, family, and school social workers                                              257,150      16.91      35,180        15.84
  Medical and public health social workers                                              103,480      18.29      38,050        17.50
  Mental health and substance abuse social workers                                       85,550      16.34      33,980        15.42
  Health educators                                                                       43,900      18.29      38,040        16.94
  Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists                              78,640      19.74      41,070        18.64
  Social and human service assistants                                                   283,060      11.85      24,660        11.09
  Clergy                                                                                 32,940      17.46      36,320        16.27
  Directors, religious activities and education                                          12,120      15.09      31,400        13.18

Legal occupations
  Lawyers                                                                               490,010      44.19      91,920        42.68
  Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers                          30,520      27.30      56,780        24.14
  Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators                                                5,060      26.12      54,340        22.43
  Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates                                             27,890      38.24      79,540        41.95
  Paralegals and legal assistants                                                       183,530      18.86      39,220        17.63
  Court reporters                                                                        15,300      20.45      42,530        19.43
  Law clerks                                                                             40,340      15.52      32,280        14.51
  Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers                                            42,720      17.12      35,610        15.28

Education, training, and library occupations
  Business teachers, postsecondary                                                       65,050       (2)       59,090         (2)
  Computer science teachers, postsecondary                                               29,690       (2)       53,790         (2)
  Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary                                           38,480       (2)       53,770         (2)
  Architecture teachers, postsecondary                                                    4,960       (2)       58,070         (2)
  Engineering teachers, postsecondary                                                    28,360       (2)       69,620         (2)
  Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary                                          11,590       (2)       65,080         (2)
  Biological science teachers, postsecondary                                             38,560       (2)       64,410         (2)
  Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary                               1,950       (2)       65,190         (2)
  Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary                  7,620       (2)       64,210         (2)
  Chemistry teachers, postsecondary                                                      16,610       (2)       58,400         (2)
  Environmental science teachers, postsecondary                                           3,630       (2)       61,240         (2)
  Physics teachers, postsecondary                                                        11,830       (2)       65,050         (2)

  Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary                                     4,240       (2)       61,230         (2)
  Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary                              5,050       (2)       59,700         (2)
  Economics teachers, postsecondary                                                      11,600       (2)       65,620         (2)
  Geography teachers, postsecondary                                                       3,600       (2)       58,210         (2)
  Political science teachers, postsecondary                                              11,230       (2)       59,110         (2)
  Psychology teachers, postsecondary                                                     24,850       (2)       57,140         (2)
  Sociology teachers, postsecondary                                                      12,890       (2)       54,600         (2)
  Health specialties teachers, postsecondary                                             85,220       (2)       66,850         (2)
  Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary                                        34,390       (2)       51,290         (2)
  Education teachers, postsecondary                                                      40,490       (2)       50,680         (2)
  Library science teachers, postsecondary                                                 4,040       (2)       53,520         (2)

  Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary                            8,050       (2)       47,720         (2)
  Law teachers, postsecondary                                                             9,660       (2)       79,130         (2)
  Social work teachers, postsecondary                                                     6,250       (2)       53,480         (2)
  Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary                                          55,540       (2)       51,100         (2)
  Communications teachers, postsecondary                                                 18,110       (2)       50,460         (2)
  English language and literature teachers, postsecondary                                51,360       (2)       49,770         (2)
  Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary                                18,590       (2)       49,130         (2)
  History teachers, postsecondary                                                        16,710       (2)       54,010         (2)
  Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary                                        14,000       (2)       52,080         (2)
  Graduate teaching assistants                                                          133,690       (2)       24,360         (2)
  Home economics teachers, postsecondary                                                  4,350       (2)       51,730         (2)
  Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary                                 14,700       (2)       44,310         (2)
  Vocational education teachers, postsecondary                                          116,910      20.05      41,710        18.53

  Preschool teachers, except special education                                          377,490      10.07      20,940         8.96
  Kindergarten teachers, except special education                                       161,620       (2)       41,100         (2)
  Elementary school teachers, except special education                                1,452,310       (2)       43,320         (2)

  Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education                       571,090       (2)       43,580         (2)
  Vocational education teachers, middle school                                           18,530       (2)       43,340         (2)
  Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education                    980,600       (2)       45,370         (2)
  Vocational education teachers, secondary school                                       107,670       (2)       45,050         (2)
  Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school            211,380       (2)       44,890         (2)
  Special education teachers, middle school                                              87,330       (2)       43,040         (2)
  Special education teachers, secondary school                                          123,570       (2)       45,670         (2)
  Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors                   58,310      19.34      40,230        16.93
  Self-enrichment education teachers                                                    130,470      15.47      32,180        13.89 

  Archivists, curators, and museum technicians                                           19,970      18.35      38,160        16.44
  Librarians                                                                            150,280      21.04      43,750        20.52
  Library technicians                                                                   108,620      12.05      25,060        11.44
  Audio-visual collections specialists                                                   10,320      16.23      33,750        14.35
  Farm and home management advisors                                                      12,540      19.74      41,060        19.05
  Instructional coordinators                                                             88,340      23.39      48,650        22.41
  Teacher assistants                                                                  1,189,080       (2)       19,430         (2)

Art, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
  Art directors                                                                          20,880      31.52      65,570        28.75
  Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators                           9,710      18.43      38,330        15.80
  Multi-media artists and animators                                                      30,530      22.45      46,700        20.32
  Commercial and industrial designers                                                    33,610      25.20      52,410        23.95
  Fashion designers                                                                       8,890      27.09      56,340        23.81
  Floral designers                                                                       69,630       9.85      20,480         9.27
  Graphic designers                                                                     136,490      19.07      39,670        17.32
  Interior designers                                                                     39,330      20.71      43,080        19.03
  Merchandise displayers and window trimmers                                             49,510      11.81      24,570        10.52
  Set and exhibit designers                                                               7,840      17.29      35,960        16.08

  Actors                                                                                 94,470       (2)       36,790         (2)
  Producers and directors                                                                52,130       (2)       57,160         (2)
  Athletes and sports competitors                                                        10,520       (2)       71,070         (2)
  Coaches and scouts                                                                     68,630       (2)       34,680         (2)
  Umpires, referees, and other sports officials                                           8,750       (2)       26,600         (2)
  Dancers                                                                                17,010      13.83      28,770        11.11
  Choreographers                                                                         12,660      15.75      32,750        13.78
  Music directors and composers                                                           7,020       (2)       39,330         (2)
  Musicians and singers                                                                  55,110       (2)       46,690         (2)

  Announcers                                                                             50,410      13.27      27,590         9.74
  News analysts, reporters and correspondents                                            64,130      18.18      37,800        14.45
  Public relations specialists                                                          132,390      21.75      45,240        19.72
  Editors                                                                               105,140      21.59      44,910        19.21
  Technical writers                                                                      45,890      24.83      51,650        23.73
  Writers and authors                                                                    40,970      23.14      48,120        20.41
  Interpreters and translators                                                           18,900      16.68      34,680        15.38

  Audio and video equipment technicians                                                  32,960      17.16      35,690        14.50
  Broadcast technicians                                                                  31,100      16.13      33,550        13.34
  Radio operators                                                                         3,260      16.84      35,040        15.36
  Sound engineering technicians                                                           9,350      20.34      42,310        16.89
  Photographers                                                                          61,260      13.43      27,940        11.08
  Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture                                22,040      16.43      34,180        13.93
  Film and video editors                                                                 13,750      20.20      42,020        17.74

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
  Chiropractors                                                                          18,050      36.96      76,870        32.90
  Dentists                                                                               87,770      53.28     110,820        61.97
  Dietitians and nutritionists                                                           43,190      19.75      41,070        19.43
  Optometrists                                                                           24,190      42.35      88,100        41.18
  Pharmacists                                                                           223,610      35.02      72,830        36.00

  Anesthesiologists                                                                      24,700      63.31     131,680         (3)
  Family and general practitioners                                                      135,280      52.89     110,020        56.92 
  Internists, general                                                                    53,310      61.03     126,940         (3)
  Obstetricians and gynecologists                                                        17,230      64.15     133,430         (3)
  Pediatricians, general                                                                 24,150      56.03     116,550        60.79
  Psychiatrists                                                                          21,620      54.60     113,570        60.80
  Surgeons                                                                               48,930      65.89     137,050         (3)

  Physician assistants                                                                   56,190      30.00      62,410        30.75
  Podiatrists                                                                             7,620      45.43      94,500        45.86
  Registered nurses                                                                   2,217,980      23.19      48,240        22.44
  Audiologists                                                                           11,040      23.89      49,700        22.55
  Occupational therapists                                                                77,080      25.10      52,210        24.70

  Physical therapists                                                                   126,490      28.43      59,120        27.20
  Radiation therapists                                                                   13,450      25.72      53,500        23.58
  Recreational therapists                                                                26,830      14.92      31,020        14.44
  Respiratory therapists                                                                 82,930      19.17      39,870        18.93
  Speech-language pathologists                                                           83,080      24.20      50,340        23.33
  Veterinarians                                                                          41,240      33.24      69,150        29.81

  Medical and clinical laboratory technologists                                         145,400      20.70      43,060        20.31
  Medical and clinical laboratory technicians                                           146,890      14.52      30,200        13.85
  Dental hygienists                                                                     149,900      27.29      56,770        26.30
  Cardiovascular technologists and technicians                                           40,990      17.55      36,510        16.83
  Diagnostic medical sonographers                                                        32,990      23.08      48,010        22.59
  Nuclear medicine technologists                                                         17,360      24.65      51,270        22.79
  Radiologic technologists and technicians                                              168,250      18.68      38,860        18.12
  Emergency medical technicians and paramedics                                          170,670      12.24      25,450        11.14
 
  Dietetic technicians                                                                   28,940      11.23      23,360        10.48
  Pharmacy technicians                                                                  207,130      10.82      22,510        10.40
  Psychiatric technicians                                                                59,770      12.94      26,910        12.16
  Respiratory therapy technicians                                                        28,700      16.93      35,220        16.27
  Surgical technologists                                                                 67,460      14.77      30,710        14.47
  Veterinary technologists and technicians                                               51,770      11.36      23,630        10.78
  Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses                                     683,830      15.14      31,490        14.75
  Medical records and health information technicians                                    142,170      12.20      25,370        11.31
  Opticians, dispensing                                                                  63,150      13.49      28,060        12.55
  Orthotists and prosthetists                                                             4,480      24.77      51,520        22.65
  Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians                             38,790      22.21      46,190        21.56
  Athletic trainers                                                                      12,580       (2)       35,380         (2)

Healthcare support ocupations
  Home health aides                                                                     560,290       8.90      18,510         8.46
  Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants                                            1,307,680       9.54      19,850         9.27
  Psychiatric aides                                                                      59,650      11.42      23,760        11.08
  Occupational therapist assistants                                                      17,520      17.39      36,170        17.23
  Occupational therapist aides                                                            7,560      11.71      24,350        10.37
  Physical therapist assistants                                                          47,830      17.18      35,740        16.96
  Physical therapist aides                                                               35,260      10.45      21,730         9.76
  Massage therapists                                                                     26,430      15.93      33,130        13.48
  Dental assistants                                                                     267,850      13.29      27,640        12.85
  Medical assistants                                                                    345,880      11.71      24,360        11.35
  Medical equipment preparers                                                            33,540      11.29      23,490        10.81
  Medical transcriptionists                                                              94,110      12.99      27,020        12.72
  Pharmacy aides                                                                         58,140       9.22      19,170         8.66
  Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers                                 60,110       8.93      18,570         8.40

Protective service occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers                               32,090      22.13      46,030        21.46
  First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives                              113,970      28.82      59,940        28.51
  First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers                61,260      26.38      54,880        25.68

  Fire fighters                                                                         275,490      17.25      35,880        16.67
  Fire inspectors and investigators                                                      12,160      21.18      44,050        20.61 
  Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists                                       1,030      17.19      35,760        16.88

  Bailiffs                                                                               16,330      15.67      32,590        15.09
  Correctional officers and jailers                                                     401,290      16.23      33,770        15.39
  Detectives and criminal investigators                                                  87,040      25.07      52,150        24.50
  Fish and game wardens                                                                   7,790      22.68      47,180        19.82
  Parking enforcement workers                                                             9,160      13.21      27,480        12.89
  Police and sheriff's patrol officers                                                  599,550      20.17      41,950        19.70
  Transit and railroad police                                                             6,750      21.63      44,990        20.72

  Animal control workers                                                                  9,360      12.34      25,670        11.66
  Private detectives and investigators                                                   31,320      15.61      32,470        13.64
  Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators                                   9,470      11.27      23,430        10.64
  Security guards                                                                       995,560       9.84      20,460         8.94
  Crossing guards                                                                        69,990       9.63      20,020         8.55

Food preparation and serving related occupations
  Chefs and head cooks                                                                  114,890      14.58      30,330        12.88
  First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers               659,360      12.47      25,930        11.35
  Cooks, fast food                                                                      601,610       6.99      14,530         6.70
  Cooks, institution and cafeteria                                                      418,080       9.02      18,760         8.53
  Cooks, restaurant                                                                     674,110       9.24      19,230         8.88
  Cooks, short order                                                                    228,720       7.98      16,590         7.57
  Food preparation workers                                                              855,820       8.07      16,780         7.65

  Bartenders                                                                            427,030       7.96      16,550         7.03
  Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food                  2,054,520       7.13      14,830         6.79
  Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop                       428,690       7.50      15,610         7.10
  Waiters and waitresses                                                              1,981,950       7.36      15,310         6.60
  Food servers, nonrestaurant                                                           191,000       8.06      16,760         7.36
  Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers                            389,550       7.21      15,000         6.80
  Dishwashers                                                                           488,080       7.25      15,080         6.98
  Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop                              286,720       7.57      15,750         7.17

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers                202,860      14.18      29,500        13.08
  First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and
     groundskeeping workers                                                              94,930      16.82      34,990        15.43
  Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners                       2,072,060       9.52      19,800         8.61
  Maids and housekeeping cleaners                                                       918,060       8.12      16,900         7.71
  Pest control workers                                                                   56,570      12.03      25,020        11.13
  Landscaping and groundskeeping workers                                                772,870      10.04      20,880         9.19
  Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation                              22,120      12.19      25,360        11.62
  Tree trimmers and pruners                                                              44,850      12.43      25,860        11.51

Personal care and service occupations
  Gaming supervisors                                                                     25,100      19.21      39,960        18.87
  Slot key persons                                                                       12,580      11.66      24,250        10.82
  First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers                            98,700      15.09      31,390        13.48
  Animal trainers                                                                         6,860      13.12      27,280        11.19
  Nonfarm animal caretakers                                                              86,220       8.79      18,270         7.97

  Gaming dealers                                                                         77,540       7.71      16,040         6.58
  Gaming and sports book writers and runners                                             11,310       9.60      19,970         8.77
  Motion picture projectionists                                                          10,270       9.33      19,410         7.84
  Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers                                           101,680       7.71      16,030         6.78
  Amusement and recreation attendants                                                   211,940       7.68      15,970         7.02
  Costume attendants                                                                      3,540      12.45      25,890        11.33
  Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants                                    19,860       8.28      17,230         7.90

  Embalmers                                                                               7,980      16.70      34,730        15.88
  Funeral attendants                                                                     28,960       9.23      19,200         8.48
  Barbers                                                                                12,290      10.19      21,190         8.89
  Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists                                        329,930      10.27      21,360         8.78
  Makeup artists, theatrical and performance                                              1,240      15.41      32,050        14.54
  Manicurists and pedicurists                                                            30,420       8.64      17,980         8.03
  Shampooers                                                                             15,230       6.98      14,510         6.60
  Skin care specialists                                                                  14,470      12.17      25,310        10.61

  Baggage porters and bellhops                                                           58,020      10.59      22,030         8.33
  Concierges                                                                             16,180      11.03      22,940        10.12
  Tour guides and escorts                                                                28,690       9.78      20,340         8.83
  Travel guides                                                                           5,480      15.00      31,210        13.07
  Flight attendants                                                                     115,750       (2)       46,880         (2)
  Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and baggage porters                25,910       9.85      20,480         8.69

  Child care workers                                                                    418,610       8.16      16,980         7.71
  Personal and home care aides                                                          407,900       8.00      16,640         7.76
  Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors                                             160,490      14.08      29,290        11.22
  Recreation workers                                                                    263,470       9.75      20,270         8.58
  Residential advisors                                                                   53,870      10.20      21,220         9.46

Sales and related occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers                             1,252,450      15.95      33,170        13.74
  First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers                           309,460      28.53      59,350        24.75
  Cashiers                                                                            3,387,690       7.81      16,240         7.19
  Gaming change persons and booth cashiers                                               33,670       9.42      19,580         9.13

  Counter and rental clerks                                                             434,230       9.26      19,250         8.05
  Parts salespersons                                                                    244,390      12.47      25,940        11.20
  Retail salespersons                                                                 3,917,230      10.06      20,920         8.24

  Advertising sales agents                                                              144,820      21.97      45,700        17.58
  Insurance sales agents                                                                269,040      23.35      48,560        18.70
  Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents                          270,730      35.30      73,430        28.70
  Travel agents                                                                         111,300      13.09      27,230        12.30
  Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific
     products                                                                           370,340      29.10      60,520        26.13
  Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical
     and scientific products                                                          1,352,750      23.19      48,240        19.96

  Demonstrators and product promoters                                                    96,670      12.45      25,910         9.95
  Models                                                                                  2,930      10.87      22,600         9.14
  Real estate brokers                                                                    38,540      31.45      65,410        24.70
  Real estate sales agents                                                              118,770      18.48      38,430        13.73
  Sales engineers                                                                        82,850      31.01      64,490        28.71
  Telemarketers                                                                         437,840      10.50      21,840         9.24
  Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers               28,080      14.30      29,740        11.94

Office and administrative support occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers        1,417,660      19.67      40,920        18.26
  Switchboard operators, including answering service                                    227,650      10.29      21,410         9.93
  Telephone operators                                                                    57,500      14.15      29,440        14.20

  Bill and account collectors                                                           385,790      13.17      27,390        12.48
  Billing and posting clerks and machine operators                                      480,620      12.66      26,340        12.19
  Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks                                        1,697,990      13.38      27,820        12.76
  Gaming cage workers                                                                    17,140      10.72      22,290        10.36
  Payroll and timekeeping clerks                                                        188,570      14.09      29,300        13.58
  Procurement clerks                                                                     74,740      14.17      29,480        13.84
  Tellers                                                                               532,700       9.69      20,150         9.54

  Brokerage clerks                                                                       82,740      16.78      34,900        15.61
  Correspondence clerks                                                                  34,190      12.66      26,330        12.13
  Court, municipal, and license clerks                                                  104,060      13.91      28,930        13.02
  Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks                                               78,450      13.40      27,870        12.44
  Customer service representatives                                                    1,875,440      13.20      27,450        12.23
  Eligibility interviewers, government programs                                          97,240      15.16      31,530        14.43
  File clerks                                                                           249,970       9.90      20,590         9.37
  Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks                                                  177,000       8.48      17,640         8.13

  Interviewers, except eligibility and loan                                             171,640      11.17      23,240        10.52
  Library assistants, clerical                                                          106,350       9.66      20,090         8.93
  Loan interviewers and clerks                                                          157,710      13.70      28,500        13.01
  New accounts clerks                                                                    99,780      12.47      25,940        11.86
  Order clerks                                                                          338,420      12.39      25,770        11.66
  Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping                            164,700      14.70      30,570        14.17
  Receptionists and information clerks                                                1,046,620      10.31      21,450         9.93
  Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks                        183,280      13.26      27,570        11.58

  Cargo and freight agents                                                               60,530      15.53      32,300        14.73
  Couriers and messengers                                                               121,670       9.89      20,560         9.20
  Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers                                                88,570      13.30      27,670        12.83
  Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance                                       170,070      15.55      32,340        14.46
  Meter readers, utilities                                                               52,130      14.40      29,950        13.64
  Postal service clerks                                                                  80,760      18.37      38,210        18.78
  Postal service mail carriers                                                          355,120      18.20      37,860        18.61
  Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators             201,150      15.48      32,190        16.95
  Production, planning, and expediting clerks                                           302,440      16.38      34,070        15.59
  Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks                                               802,610      11.64      24,220        10.92
  Stock clerks and order fillers                                                      1,680,550      10.33      21,480         9.16
  Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping                             78,600      13.10      27,240        11.87

  Executive secretaries and administrative assistants                                 1,384,170      16.34      33,980        15.57
  Legal secretaries                                                                     263,600      17.29      35,970        16.64
  Medical secretaries                                                                   334,270      12.50      26,000        11.86
  Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive                                   1,800,910      12.36      25,710        11.85

  Computer operators                                                                    177,990      14.80      30,780        13.88
  Data entry keyers                                                                     404,970      10.93      22,740        10.56
  Word processors and typists                                                           229,010      12.92      26,870        12.50
  Desktop publishers                                                                     34,860      16.05      33,380        15.00
  Insurance claims and policy processing clerks                                         258,090      14.77      30,730        13.69
  Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service                         166,030      10.37      21,560         9.91
  Office clerks, general                                                              2,791,380      11.06      23,000        10.47
  Office machine operators, except computer                                              90,220      11.28      23,470        10.45
  Proofreaders and copy markers                                                          25,190      12.41      25,810        11.47
  Statistical assistants                                                                 25,850      14.60      30,370        13.94

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers              22,170      17.33      36,040        16.02
  Farm labor contractors                                                                  6,450       9.53      19,810         7.10
  Agricultural inspectors                                                                13,980      14.24      29,630        13.17
  Animal breeders                                                                         1,630      12.71      26,430        10.89
  Graders and sorters, agricultural products                                             54,100       8.26      17,190         7.42
  Agricultural equipment operators                                                       26,570       8.94      18,600         8.00
  Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse                               211,030       7.56      15,730         6.97 

  Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals                                                    34,590       8.56      17,810         7.93
  Forest and conservation workers                                                        12,750      10.31      21,440         9.13
  Fallers                                                                                 9,780      15.66      32,570        12.86
  Logging equipment operators                                                            30,900      13.10      27,240        12.57
  Log graders and scalers                                                                 4,960      13.75      28,610        12.97

Construction and extraction occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers         514,720      23.77      49,430        22.39
  Boilermakers                                                                           24,390      19.50      40,570        19.06
  Brickmasons and blockmasons                                                           109,830      20.36      42,350        20.00
  Stonemasons                                                                            11,870      16.26      33,820        15.61
  Carpenters                                                                            851,530      17.36      36,110        16.09
  Carpet installers                                                                      36,350      16.49      34,290        15.13
  Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles                                      13,570      16.42      34,160        15.14
  Floor sanders and finishers                                                             8,230      13.75      28,590        12.47
  Tile and marble setters                                                                30,390      18.17      37,790        17.02
  Cement masons and concrete finishers                                                  176,580      15.67      32,600        14.25
  Terrazzo workers and finishers                                                          5,800      15.02      31,240        13.79
  Construction laborers                                                                 825,320      13.36      27,790        11.57
  Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators                                     57,880      15.27      31,760        13.60
  Pile-driver operators                                                                   4,950      20.59      42,820        19.86
  Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators                        353,690      17.86      37,150        16.42
  Drywall and ceiling tile installers                                                   121,460      17.06      35,490        15.87
  Tapers                                                                                 37,910      18.86      39,230        18.20

  Electricians                                                                          625,570      20.75      43,160        19.60
  Glaziers                                                                               46,960      16.11      33,510        14.68
  Insulation workers                                                                     54,290      15.04      31,280        13.46
  Painters, construction and maintenance                                                256,190      14.83      30,850        13.66
  Paperhangers                                                                            9,330      15.76      32,780        15.06
  Pipelayers                                                                             56,200      14.94      31,080        13.55
  Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters                                               438,280      19.78      41,140        18.61
  Plasterers and stucco masons                                                           53,800      16.97      35,310        15.79
  Reinforcing iron and rebar workers                                                     29,610      18.33      38,130        16.71
  Roofers                                                                               118,170      15.55      32,350        14.16
  Sheet metal workers                                                                   207,960      17.48      36,350        15.97
  Structural iron and steel workers                                                      78,700      19.55      40,660        18.72

  Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters            64,700      12.79      26,590        11.35
  Helpers--carpenters                                                                    99,500      10.69      22,240        10.19
  Helpers--electricians                                                                 108,090      11.38      23,680        10.65
  Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons                         29,760      10.47      21,770         9.36
  Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters                           79,950      11.10      23,100        10.50
  Helpers--roofers                                                                       24,200      10.09      20,980         9.59

  Construction and building inspectors                                                   72,200      19.81      41,200        19.32
  Elevator installers and repairers                                                      26,450      24.39      50,730        24.82
  Fence erectors                                                                         20,550      12.06      25,090        10.50
  Hazardous materials removal workers                                                    36,660      16.59      34,510        15.29
  Highway maintenance workers                                                           148,370      13.70      28,490        13.23
  Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators                                  11,680      16.40      34,110        16.30
  Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners                                          16,200      13.74      28,590        13.11 
  Segmental pavers                                                                        2,670      13.58      28,240        12.58

  Derrick operators, oil and gas                                                         15,150      14.84      30,870        13.70
  Rotary drill operators, oil and gas                                                    15,560      17.14      35,640        15.87
  Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining                                           13,320      14.47      30,100        13.11
  Earth drillers, except oil and gas                                                     19,630      16.28      33,870        15.38
  Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters                             4,790      16.79      34,920        16.32
  Continuous mining machine operators                                                     9,560      16.50      34,320        16.17
  Mine cutting and channeling machine operators                                           5,860      17.19      35,760        16.99
  Rock splitters, quarry                                                                  2,710      13.92      28,940        12.95
  Roof bolters, mining                                                                    3,990      17.83      37,080        18.02
  Roustabouts, oil and gas                                                               37,010      11.25      23,400        10.16
  Helpers--extraction workers                                                            30,920      12.46      25,910        11.75

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers               441,710      23.32      48,510        22.27
  Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers                              143,810      16.40      34,120        15.81
  Radio mechanics                                                                         6,550      17.36      36,120        16.36
  Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers         210,660      21.33      44,360        22.30
  Avionics technicians                                                                   16,340      20.06      41,720        19.93
  Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers                                      29,240      15.85      32,970        14.91
  Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment          16,650      18.21      37,870        18.23
  Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment              77,770      18.80      39,110        18.65

  Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay                19,700      23.30      48,460        24.24
  Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles                          13,210      12.85      26,740        12.14
  Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers                       29,780      13.80      28,710        12.96
  Security and fire alarm systems installers                                             42,050      15.77      32,790        14.66

  Aircraft mechanics and service technicians                                            135,260      20.41      42,460        20.19
  Automotive body and related repairers                                                 168,610      16.82      34,980        15.62
  Automotive glass installers and repairers                                              21,550      13.52      28,120        13.06
  Automotive service technicians and mechanics                                          701,080      15.32      31,870        14.19
  Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists                                 254,430      16.62      34,570        16.14
  Farm equipment mechanics                                                               35,390      13.08      27,200        12.67
  Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines                                      116,290      17.26      35,900        16.92
  Rail car repairers                                                                     11,860      17.90      37,220        18.46
  Motorboat mechanics                                                                    18,370      14.13      29,390        13.56
  Motorcycle mechanics                                                                   13,290      13.51      28,090        12.69 
  Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics                               27,240      12.15      25,270        11.63
  Bicycle repairers                                                                       7,720       9.46      19,670         9.05
  Recreational vehicle service technicians                                               11,830      13.36      27,780        12.70
  Tire repairers and changers                                                            86,210      10.16      21,140         9.48

  Mechanical door repairers                                                              10,510      15.18      31,570        13.83
  Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door                     37,740      20.49      42,610        20.65
  Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers                 201,850      17.08      35,520        16.36
  Home appliance repairers                                                               33,650      15.10      31,420        14.22
  Industrial machinery mechanics                                                        187,770      18.69      38,880        18.08
  Maintenance and repair workers, general                                             1,232,250      14.54      30,230        13.82
  Maintenance workers, machinery                                                         98,280      15.88      33,030        15.36
  Millwrights                                                                            69,810      20.34      42,300        20.17
  Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons                                      3,350      17.03      35,420        16.89
  Electrical power-line installers and repairers                                         99,120      22.04      45,830        22.70
  Telecommunications line installers and repairers                                      168,240      18.76      39,030        18.85
  Camera and photographic equipment repairers                                             5,580      15.11      31,430        14.46
  Medical equipment repairers                                                            22,070      18.07      37,570        17.09
  Musical instrument repairers and tuners                                                 4,520      15.73      32,710        14.15
  Watch repairers                                                                         3,680      13.58      28,240        12.47

  Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers                           33,100      13.19      27,440        12.75
  Commercial divers                                                                       3,050      19.54      40,640        15.76
  Fabric menders, except garment                                                          2,080      13.13      27,310        11.40
  Locksmiths and safe repairers                                                          13,450      14.56      30,290        13.94
  Manufactured building and mobile home installers                                       14,150      11.46      23,840        11.03
  Riggers                                                                                15,350      16.42      34,150        15.72 
  Signal and track switch repairers                                                       8,550      20.61      42,860        20.38
  Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers                                148,360      11.16      23,220        10.20 

Production occupations
  First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers                   733,430      21.51      44,740        20.19
  Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers                          33,620      17.53      36,460        17.88
  Coil winders, tapers, and finishers                                                    43,910      11.41      23,740        10.62
  Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers                                        302,500      11.49      23,900        10.71
  Electromechanical equipment assemblers                                                 63,930      12.54      26,080        11.87 
  Engine and other machine assemblers                                                    55,840      14.24      29,610        13.51
  Structural metal fabricators and fitters                                               90,490      14.06      29,240        13.46
  Fiberglass laminators and fabricators                                                  41,500      12.14      25,260        11.45
  Team assemblers                                                                     1,189,930      11.66      24,250        10.70
  Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators                                    8,550      12.33      25,640        11.32

  Bakers                                                                                154,370      10.49      21,830         9.83
  Butchers and meat cutters                                                             135,600      12.74      26,510        11.92
  Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers                                          156,690       8.80      18,310         8.34
  Slaughterers and meat packers                                                         117,500       9.62      20,010         9.60
  Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders            18,720      12.24      25,450        11.16
  Food batchmakers                                                                       70,540      11.10      23,090        10.43
  Food cooking machine operators and tenders                                             34,910      10.93      22,730        10.30

  Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic                         140,570      14.26      29,670        13.65
  Numerical tool and process control programmers                                         20,800      18.67      38,830        17.93
  Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic      102,320      12.44      25,870        12.10
  Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic                     49,760      13.57      28,230        12.44
  Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic                     
  Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators and tenders,                   45,090      13.86      28,830        13.30
     metal and plastic                                                                   96,070      12.17      25,320        11.58
  Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic    58,050      13.64      28,360        12.82
  Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators,            107,310      13.03      27,110        12.28
     and tenders
  Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic      75,640      14.73      30,630        14.24

  Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic         32,680      14.44      30,030        13.82
  Machinists                                                                            390,070      15.81      32,880        15.43
  Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders                                           19,060      14.86      30,910        14.37
  Pourers and casters, metal                                                             14,580      14.01      29,130        13.27
  Model makers, metal and plastic                                                         8,990      18.05      37,540        17.68
  Patternmakers, metal and plastic                                                        6,840      16.66      34,650        15.74
  Foundry mold and coremakers                                                            26,170      12.99      27,020        12.29
  Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders,
     metal and plastic                                                                  148,990      11.78      24,500        10.74
  Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic              101,500      14.58      30,320        13.42

  Tool and die makers                                                                   112,960      20.40      42,430        20.01
  Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers                                              382,430      14.55      30,260        13.70
  Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders                60,820      14.80      30,780        13.57
  Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic             32,490      13.87      28,840        13.24
  Lay-out workers, metal and plastic                                                     14,100      15.66      32,570        14.70
  Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic         45,940      12.50      25,990        11.93
  Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners                                                  25,410      14.52      30,200        13.76

  Bindery workers                                                                        93,230      11.37      23,650        10.33
  Bookbinders                                                                             7,500      13.25      27,550        11.86
  Job printers                                                                           55,210      14.93      31,050        14.05
  Prepress technicians and workers                                                       96,580      15.54      32,320        14.80
  Printing machine operators                                                            198,720      14.81      30,800        13.95

  Laundry and dry-cleaning workers                                                      214,520       8.29      17,240         7.86
  Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials                                      92,730       8.33      17,330         7.98
  Sewing machine operators                                                              308,430       8.68      18,050         8.08
  Shoe and leather workers and repairers                                                  9,880       9.45      19,660         8.70
  Shoe machine operators and tenders                                                      6,520       9.53      19,820         9.22
  Sewers, hand                                                                           22,560       9.29      19,320         8.43
  Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers                                                31,580      11.38      23,670        10.38
  Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders                             31,650       9.88      20,560         9.78 
  Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders                                37,220       9.92      20,630         9.31
  Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders                   57,830      10.91      22,690        10.81
  Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders     68,530      10.65      22,150        10.25
  Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders,
     synthetic and glass fibers                                                          30,370      13.15      27,340        13.04
  Fabric and apparel patternmakers                                                       12,580      14.63      30,440        11.99
  Upholsterers                                                                           39,770      12.62      26,240        11.80

  Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters                                                    127,520      12.08      25,120        11.30
  Furniture finishers                                                                    32,130      11.40      23,700        10.74
  Model makers, wood                                                                      4,320      13.59      28,270        12.02
  Patternmakers, wood                                                                     4,280      14.76      30,690        13.79
  Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood                                   52,720      10.97      22,810        10.45
  Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing                     91,600      10.84      22,540        10.39

  Nuclear power reactor operators                                                         3,310      29.13      60,590        28.93
  Power distributors and dispatchers                                                     12,850      25.33      52,680        25.10
  Power plant operators                                                                  35,020      22.95      47,740        23.35
  Stationary engineers and boiler operators                                              54,340      20.43      42,490        19.94
  Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators                            98,450      16.23      33,760        15.66
  Chemical plant and system operators                                                    60,360      20.09      41,790        20.19
  Gas plant operators                                                                    12,600      22.63      47,060        22.56
  Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers                       34,540      22.41      46,610        23.06

  Chemical equipment operators and tenders                                               53,930      17.91      37,250        17.70
  Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters,           35,370      14.52      30,200        14.04
     operators, and tenders
  Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders              46,470      13.02      27,080        12.34
  Grinding and polishing workers, hand                                                   44,040      11.88      24,700        10.84
  Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders                           111,600      13.36      27,790        12.91
  Cutters and trimmers, hand                                                             31,430      11.70      24,340        10.46
  Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders                            76,370      12.50      26,000        11.99
  Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders   76,630      13.04      27,110        12.40
  Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders                           30,020      14.02      29,170        13.46
  Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers                                  525,510      14.04      29,210        12.83 
  Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers                                          29,030      14.37      29,900        13.08
  Dental laboratory technicians                                                          39,750      14.69      30,550        13.45
  Medical appliance technicians                                                          12,410      13.95      29,010        12.43
  Ophthalmic laboratory technicians                                                      34,490      10.87      22,610        10.26

  Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders                                   379,740      10.92      22,720         9.98
  Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders                94,080      12.56      26,120        11.88
  Painters, transportation equipment                                                     44,120      16.64      34,620        15.54
  Painting, coating, and decorating workers                                              31,760      10.79      22,440         9.88

  Photographic process workers                                                           25,440      10.80      22,460         9.44
  Photographic processing machine operators                                              54,520       9.77      20,320         8.80
  Semiconductor processors                                                               51,070      13.54      28,170        12.73
  Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders                                     29,200      11.48      23,880        10.85
  Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders                  18,060      11.70      24,340        10.77
  Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders                                    7,320      11.26      23,410        10.15
  Etchers and engravers                                                                  10,330      11.98      24,910        10.63
  Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic                                39,430      12.55      26,100        11.86
  Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders                                   120,870      13.84      28,780        13.35
  Tire builders                                                                          13,410      17.23      35,840        18.38
  Helpers--production workers                                                           459,460       9.81      20,410         9.13

Transportation and material moving occupations
  Aircraft cargo handling supervisors                                                     9,070      19.58      40,720        17.95
  First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand       147,490      18.39      38,250        17.35
  First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and material-moving machine
     and vehicle operators                                                              197,480      21.25      44,210        19.78
  Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers                                         88,800       (2)       99,400         (2)
  Commercial pilots                                                                      18,370       (2)       55,930         (2)
  Air traffic controllers                                                                22,990      40.07      83,350        42.27
  Airfield operations specialists                                                         5,390      19.15      39,830        16.93

  Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians                 17,610      10.06      20,910         9.08
  Bus drivers, transit and intercity                                                    190,550      14.15      29,420        13.49
  Bus drivers, school                                                                   469,040      10.84      22,540        10.57
  Driver/sales workers                                                                  378,200      11.22      23,340         9.70
  Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer                                            1,548,350      16.20      33,690        15.66
  Truck drivers, light or delivery services                                             996,020      12.32      25,630        11.22
  Taxi drivers and chauffeurs                                                           125,860       9.51      19,780         8.62

  Locomotive engineers                                                                   30,730      22.74      47,300        22.38
  Locomotive firers                                                                         730      21.22      44,140        23.40
  Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers                                     4,830      19.30      40,130        18.32
  Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators                                           17,070      22.57      46,940        21.60
  Railroad conductors and yardmasters                                                    40,910      22.10      45,970        20.59
  Sailors and marine oilers                                                              28,650      14.55      30,270        13.77
  Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels                                           22,180      23.87      49,660        23.40
  Motorboat operators                                                                     3,410      15.12      31,450        14.30
  Ship engineers                                                                          7,470      24.56      51,080        24.04

  Bridge and lock tenders                                                                 4,500      14.81      30,800        16.05
  Parking lot attendants                                                                109,930       7.99      16,610         7.54
  Service station attendants                                                            107,620       8.31      17,290         7.75
  Traffic technicians                                                                     5,090      16.41      34,140        15.11
  Transportation inspectors                                                              27,670      22.37      46,530        22.75

  Conveyor operators and tenders                                                         61,590      11.97      24,900        11.25
  Crane and tower operators                                                              51,650      17.68      36,770        16.64
  Dredge operators                                                                        2,920      14.64      30,450        13.27
  Excavating and loading machine and dragline orators                                    70,280      16.57      34,470        15.39
  Loading machine operators, underground mining                                           3,370      14.73      30,630        14.58
  Hoist and winch operators                                                               9,960      17.37      36,140        15.56
  Industrial truck and tractor operators                                                591,800      13.00      27,040        12.19
  Cleaners of vehicles and equipment                                                    304,510       8.78      18,260         7.93
  Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand                              2,098,130      10.18      21,170         9.35
  Machine feeders and offbearers                                                        190,080      10.92      22,720        10.17
  Packers and packagers, hand                                                           951,910       8.52      17,730         7.83
  Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators                                        6,070      20.71      43,090        20.84
  Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers                                                12,920      18.34      38,140        17.33
  Wellhead pumpers                                                                        9,560      15.86      33,000        15.45
  Refuse and recyclable material collectors                                             125,580      12.22      25,430        11.47
  Shuttle car operators                                                                   3,020      17.46      36,310        18.01
  Tank car, truck, and ship loaders                                                      19,430      16.29      33,880        15.00


(1) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; 
for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the 
reported survey data.

(2) Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available.

(3) Represents a wage above $70.01 per hour