Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-19-0611 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) April 10, 2019 

Technical information: (202) 691-7000 • cpi_info@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cpi 

Media Contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

CONSUMER PRICE INDEX – MARCH 2019 

The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) increased 0.4 percent in March on a 

seasonally adjusted basis after rising 0.2 percent in February, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 

reported today. Over the last 12 months, the all items index increased 1.9 percent before seasonal 

adjustment.

The energy index increased 3.5 percent in March, accounting for about 60 percent of the seasonally 

adjusted all items monthly increase. The gasoline index increased sharply, and the electricity index also 

rose, although the natural gas index declined. The food index also increased in March, with the indexes 

for food at home and food away from home both continuing to rise. 

The index for all items less food and energy increased 0.1 percent in March, the same increase as in 

February. The indexes for shelter, medical care, new vehicles, recreation, education, and tobacco were 

among those that increased in March, while the indexes for apparel, used cars and trucks, and airline 

fares all declined. 

The all items index increased 1.9 percent for the 12 months ending March, a larger increase than the 1.5-

percent rise for the period ending February. The index for all items less food and energy rose 2.0 percent 

over the last 12 months. The food index rose 2.1 percent over the past year, its largest 12-month increase 

since the period ending March 2015, while the energy index declined 0.4 percent over the past year. 

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Mar'18 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar'19

Chart 1. One-month percent change in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), seasonally adjusted, Mar. 2018 - Mar. 2019

Percent change

 0.1

 0.2

 0.3

 0.2 0.2

 0.1 0.1

 0.3

 0.0 0.0 0.0

 0.2

 0.4
- 2 -

Chart 2. 12-month percent change in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), not seasonally adjusted, Mar. 2018 - Mar. 2019

Percent change

All items All items less food and energy

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

Mar'18 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar'19
- 3 -

Food 

The food index rose 0.3 percent in March following a 0.4-percent increase in February. The index for 

food at home rose 0.4 percent in March, the same increase as the prior month. The index for fruits and 

vegetables rose 1.6 percent, with the index for fresh vegetables increasing 2.0 percent and the index for 

fresh fruits rising 1.2 percent. The dairy and related products index increased 0.6 percent, and the cereals 

and bakery products index rose 0.3 percent. The index for other food at home also increased in March, 

rising 0.1 percent. 

The index for meats, poultry, fish, and eggs was the only major grocery store food group index to 

decline in March, falling 0.2 percent after rising 0.2 percent in February. The index for nonalcoholic 

beverages was unchanged in March after increasing in each of the prior 3 months. 

The index for food away from home rose 0.2 percent in March after increasing 0.4 percent in February. 

The index for limited service meals rose 0.2 percent and the index for full service meals increased 0.1 

percent.

The food at home index rose 1.4 percent over the last 12 months. Five of the six major grocery store 

food group indexes rose over the span, with the fruits and vegetables index posting the largest increase 

at 3.9 percent. The index for meats, poultry, fish, and eggs was the only one to decline, falling 0.2 

percent over the last 12 months. The index for food away from home increased 3.0 percent over the past 

12 months, with the index for limited service meals increasing 3.1 percent and the index for full service 

meals rising 2.8 percent. 

Energy

The energy index rose 3.5 percent in March. The gasoline index rose 6.5 percent in March after 

increasing 1.5 percent in February. (Before seasonal adjustment, gasoline prices rose 9.0 percent in 

March.) The electricity index also increased in March, rising 0.4 percent after falling in January and 

February. The index for natural gas declined for the third month in a row, falling 0.1 percent in March. 

Despite the increase in March, the energy index fell slightly over the last 12 months, declining 0.4 

percent. The index for gasoline fell 0.7 percent, while the index for natural gas declined 1.4 percent. The 

electricity index, in contrast, increased 0.3 percent over the last 12 months. 

All items less food and energy

The index for all items less food and energy increased 0.1 percent in March, the same monthly increase 

as in February. The shelter index continued to rise, increasing 0.4 percent. The index for rent rose 0.4 

percent, while the index for owners’ equivalent rent increased 0.3 percent. 

The medical care index, which declined in February, rose 0.3 percent in March. The index for 

prescription drugs increased 0.6 percent in March following a 1.0-percent decline in February. The 

index for hospital services also increased in March, rising 0.3 percent, but the index for physicians’ 

services declined, falling 0.4 percent. 

The index for new vehicles increased 0.4 percent in March after declining in February. The recreation 

index rose 0.3 percent, and the education index advanced 0.5 percent. The index for tobacco increased 

1.6 percent, its largest increase since April 2017. 
- 4 -

In contrast, the index for apparel declined 1.9 percent in March after rising in February. The index for 

used cars and trucks fell for the second month in a row in March, declining 0.4 percent. The index for 

airline fares fell in March, decreasing 0.6 percent after rising in February. Also declining in March were 

the indexes for communication and for motor vehicle insurance. 

The index for all items less food and energy rose 2.0 percent over the past 12 months, a slightly smaller 

increase than the 2.1-percent rise for the period ending February. The shelter index rose 3.4 percent over 

the span, and the medical care index increased 1.7 percent. The indexes for apparel, airline fares, and 

communication all declined for the 12 months ending March. 

Not seasonally adjusted CPI measures 

The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) increased 1.9 percent over the last 12 

months to an index level of 254.202 (1982-84=100). For the month, the index increased 0.6 percent prior 

to seasonal adjustment. 

The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) increased 1.8 

percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 247.768 (1982-84=100). For the month, the index 

increased 0.6 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. 

The Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) increased 1.7 percent over the 

last 12 months. For the month, the index increased 0.6 percent on a not seasonally adjusted basis. Please 

note that the indexes for the past 10 to 12 months are subject to revision. 

The Consumer Price Index for April 2019 is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 10, 2019, at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT). 
- 5 -

Technical Note

Brief Explanation of the CPI

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in prices paid by consumers for goods and 

services. The CPI reflects spending patterns for each of two population groups: all urban consumers and 

urban wage earners and clerical workers. The all urban consumer group represents about 93 percent of 

the total U.S. population. It is based on the expenditures of almost all residents of urban or metropolitan 

areas, including professionals, the self-employed, the poor, the unemployed, and retired people, as well 

as urban wage earners and clerical workers. Not included in the CPI are the spending patterns of people 

living in rural nonmetropolitan areas, farming families, people in the Armed Forces, and those in 

institutions, such as prisons and mental hospitals. Consumer inflation for all urban consumers is 

measured by two indexes, namely, the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) and the 

Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U). 

The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is based on the 

expenditures of households included in the CPI-U definition that meet two requirements: more than onehalf of the household's income must come from clerical or wage occupations, and at least one of the 

household's earners must have been employed for at least 37 weeks during the previous 12 months. The 

CPI-W population represents about 29 percent of the total U.S. population and is a subset of the CPI-U 

population. 

The CPIs are based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, fuels, transportation, doctors’ and dentists’ 

services, drugs, and other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. Prices are collected 

each month in 75 urban areas across the country from about 5,000 housing units and approximately 

22,000 retail establishments (department stores, supermarkets, hospitals, filling stations, and other types 

of stores and service establishments). All taxes directly associated with the purchase and use of items are 

included in the index. Prices of fuels and a few other items are obtained every month in all 75 locations. 

Prices of most other commodities and services are collected every month in the three largest geographic 

areas and every other month in other areas. Prices of most goods and services are obtained by personal 

visits or telephone calls by the Bureau’s trained representatives.

In calculating the index, price changes for the various items in each location are aggregated using 

weights, which represent their importance in the spending of the appropriate population group. Local 

data are then combined to obtain a U.S. city average. For the CPI-U and CPI-W, separate indexes are 

also published by size of city, by region of the country, for cross-classifications of regions and 

population-size classes, and for 23 selected local areas. Area indexes do not measure differences in the 

level of prices among cities; they only measure the average change in prices for each area since the base 

period. For the C-CPI-U, data are issued only at the national level. The CPI-U and CPI-W are 

considered final when released, but the C-CPI-U is issued in preliminary form and subject to three 

subsequent quarterly revisions. 

The index measures price change from a designed reference date. For most of the CPI-U and the CPI-W, 

the reference base is 1982-84 equals 100. The reference base for the C-CPI-U is December 1999 equals 

100. An increase of 7 percent from the reference base, for example, is shown as 107.000. Alternatively, 

that relationship can also be expressed as the price of a base period market basket of goods and services 

rising from $100 to $107. 

Sampling Error in the CPI

The CPI is a statistical estimate that is subject to sampling error because it is based upon a sample of 

retail prices and not the complete universe of all prices. BLS calculates and publishes estimates of the 1-

month, 2-month, 6-month, and 12-month percent change standard errors annually for the CPI-U. These 

standard error estimates can be used to construct confidence intervals for hypothesis testing. For 
- 6 -

example, the estimated standard error of the 1-month percent change is 0.03 percent for the U.S. all 

items CPI. This means that if we repeatedly sample from the universe of all retail prices using the same 

methodology, and estimate a percentage change for each sample, then 95 percent of these estimates will 

be within 0.06 percent of the 1-month percentage change based on all retail prices. For example, for a 1-

month change of 0.2 percent in the all items CPI-U, we are 95 percent confident that the actual percent 

change based on all retail prices would fall between 0.14 and 0.26 percent. For the latest data, including 

information on how to use the estimates of standard error, see https://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/varianceestimates/home.htm. 

Calculating Index Changes 

Movements of the indexes from 1 month to another are usually expressed as percent changes rather than 

changes in index points, because index point changes are affected by the level of the index in relation to 

its base period, while percent changes are not. The following table shows an example of using index 

values to calculate percent changes:

Item A Item B Item C

Year I 112.500 225.000 110.000

Year II 121.500 243.000 128.000

Change in index 

points 9.000 18.000 18.000

Percent change 9.0/112.500 x 100 = 8.0 18.0/225.000 x 100 = 8.0 18.0/110.000 x 100 = 16.4

Use of Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) produces both unadjusted and seasonally adjusted data. Seasonally 

adjusted data are computed using seasonal factors derived by the X-13ARIMA-SEATS seasonal 

adjustment method. These factors are updated each February, and the new factors are used to revise the 

previous 5 years of seasonally adjusted data. The factors are available at 

www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/seasonal-adjustment/seasonal-factors-2019.pdf. For more information on data 

revision scheduling, please see the Factsheet on Seasonal Adjustment at www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonaladjustment/questions-and-answers.htm and the Timeline of Seasonal Adjustment Methodological 

Changes at www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonal-adjustment/timeline-seasonal-adjustment-methodologychanges.htm. 

For analyzing short-term price trends in the economy, seasonally adjusted changes are usually preferred 

since they eliminate the effect of changes that normally occur at the same time and in about the same 

magnitude every year—such as price movements resulting from weather events, production cycles, 

model changeovers, holidays, and sales. This allows data users to focus on changes that are not typical 

for the time of year. The unadjusted data are of primary interest to consumers concerned about the prices 

they actually pay. Unadjusted data are also used extensively for escalation purposes. Many collective 

bargaining contract agreements and pension plans, for example, tie compensation changes to the 

Consumer Price Index before adjustment for seasonal variation. BLS advises against the use of 

seasonally adjusted data in escalation agreements because seasonally adjusted series are revised 

annually. 
- 7 -

Intervention Analysis 

The Bureau of Labor Statistics uses intervention analysis seasonal adjustment for some CPI series. 

Sometimes extreme values or sharp movements can distort the underlying seasonal pattern of price 

change. Intervention analysis seasonal adjustment is a process by which the distortions caused by such 

unusual events are estimated and removed from the data prior to calculation of seasonal factors. The 

resulting seasonal factors, which more accurately represent the seasonal pattern, are then applied to the 

unadjusted data. 

For example, this procedure was used for the motor fuel series to offset the effects of the 2009 return to 

normal pricing after the worldwide economic downturn in 2008. Retaining this outlier data during 

seasonal factor calculation would distort the computation of the seasonal portion of the time series data 

for motor fuel, so it was estimated and removed from the data prior to seasonal adjustment. Following 

that, seasonal factors were calculated based on this “prior adjusted” data. These seasonal factors 

represent a clearer picture of the seasonal pattern in the data. The last step is for motor fuel seasonal 

factors to be applied to the unadjusted data. 

For the seasonal factors introduced for January 2019, BLS adjusted 51 series using intervention analysis 

seasonal adjustment, including selected food and beverage items, motor fuels, electricity, and vehicles. 

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Indexes 

Seasonally adjusted data, including the U.S. city average all items index levels, are subject to revision 

for up to 5 years after their original release. Every year, economists in the CPI calculate new seasonal 

factors for seasonally adjusted series and apply them to the last 5 years of data. Seasonally adjusted 

indexes beyond the last 5 years of data are considered to be final and not subject to revision. For January 

2019, revised seasonal factors and seasonally adjusted indexes for 2014 to 2018 were calculated and 

published. For series which are directly adjusted using the Census X-13ARIMA-SEATS seasonal 

adjustment software, the seasonal factors for 2018 will be applied to data for 2019 to produce the 

seasonally adjusted 2019 indexes. Series which are indirectly seasonally adjusted by summing 

seasonally adjusted component series have seasonal factors which are derived and are therefore not 

available in advance. 

Determining Seasonal Status 

Each year the seasonal status of every series is reevaluated based upon certain statistical criteria. Using 

these criteria, BLS economists determine whether a series should change its status from "not seasonally 

adjusted" to "seasonally adjusted", or vice versa. If any of the 81 components of the U.S. city average all 

items index change their seasonal adjustment status from seasonally adjusted to not seasonally adjusted, 

not seasonally adjusted data will be used in the aggregation of the dependent series for the last 5 years, 

but the seasonally adjusted indexes before that period will not be changed. Twenty-nine of the 81 

components of the U.S. city average all items index are not seasonally adjusted for 2019. 

Contact Information 

For additional information about the CPI visit www.bls.gov/cpi or contact the CPI Information and 

Analysis Section at 202-691-7000 or cpi_info@bls.gov. 

For additional information on seasonal adjustment in the CPI visit www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonaladjustment/home.htm or contact the CPI seasonal adjustment section at 202-691-6968 or 

cpiseas@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: 202-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339. 
Table 1. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Unadjusted indexes Unadjusted percent

change

Seasonally adjusted percent

change

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2018-

Mar.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

Dec.

2018-

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019-

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

All items............................................. 100.000 249.554 252.776 254.202 1.9 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.4

Food.............................................. 13.364 252.370 257.222 257.724 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3

Food at home................................. 7.304 239.158 242.057 242.555 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.4

Cereals and bakery products............ 0.962 272.345 275.996 277.275 1.8 0.5 -0.4 0.7 0.3

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs............ 1.596 249.516 248.597 249.062 -0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 -0.2

Dairy and related products............... 0.724 216.497 216.595 217.531 0.5 0.4 -0.3 0.3 0.6

Fruits and vegetables..................... 1.305 293.870 304.621 305.399 3.9 0.3 -0.3 0.9 1.6

Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage

materials.................................. 0.884 167.758 172.488 172.060 2.6 -0.2 0.8 0.7 0.0

Other food at home........................ 1.833 210.012 211.168 211.550 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1

Food away from home1

...................... 6.060 273.733 281.373 281.887 3.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2

Energy............................................ 7.190 212.554 202.740 211.724 -0.4 4.4 -3.1 0.4 3.5

Energy commodities......................... 3.829 232.716 213.270 231.228 -0.6 8.4 -5.3 1.5 6.2

Fuel oil...................................... 0.113 288.737 285.668 287.496 -0.4 0.6 -1.3 2.6 2.1

Motor fuel................................... 3.641 228.068 208.242 226.616 -0.6 8.8 -5.5 1.5 6.4

Gasoline (all types)..................... 3.556 226.872 206.749 225.282 -0.7 9.0 -5.5 1.5 6.5

Energy services............................... 3.361 202.625 202.690 202.461 -0.1 -0.1 -0.5 -0.8 0.3

Electricity.................................... 2.594 210.273 210.939 210.937 0.3 0.0 -0.6 -0.3 0.4

Utility (piped) gas service................. 0.767 176.567 174.950 174.089 -1.4 -0.5 -0.3 -2.4 -0.1

All items less food and energy................ 79.446 256.610 261.114 261.836 2.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1

Commodities less food and energy

commodities................................ 19.624 145.050 144.609 144.994 0.0 0.3 0.4 -0.2 -0.2

Apparel...................................... 3.065 128.604 125.631 125.785 -2.2 0.1 1.1 0.3 -1.9

New vehicles............................... 3.729 146.727 147.226 147.788 0.7 0.4 0.2 -0.2 0.4

Used cars and trucks...................... 2.397 139.892 139.301 140.513 0.4 0.9 0.1 -0.7 -0.4

Medical care commodities................ 1.696 381.804 377.949 379.568 -0.6 0.4 0.1 -1.0 0.4

Alcoholic beverages....................... 0.972 248.287 252.599 252.087 1.5 -0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.1

Tobacco and smoking products.......... 0.660 1,046.450 1,088.195 1,103.240 5.4 1.4 0.3 0.5 1.6

Services less energy services.............. 59.822 325.610 333.586 334.518 2.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Shelter....................................... 33.293 304.847 313.880 315.135 3.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

Rent of primary residence............. 7.932 315.883 326.351 327.513 3.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

Owners’ equivalent rent of

residences2

............................ 24.026 312.107 321.627 322.482 3.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Medical care services..................... 7.000 516.713 527.683 528.575 2.3 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.3

Physicians’ services.................... 1.735 380.766 383.009 381.045 0.1 -0.5 0.4 0.1 -0.4

Hospital services3

....................... 2.335 330.759 336.234 336.648 1.8 0.1 -0.3 -0.7 0.3

Transportation services................... 5.962 320.774 323.575 323.982 1.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Motor vehicle maintenance and

repair1.................................. 1.130 283.656 291.993 294.226 3.7 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.8

Motor vehicle insurance................ 2.407 563.762 574.447 573.087 1.7 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.1

Airline fares.............................. 0.684 267.482 259.049 259.698 -2.9 0.3 -0.9 0.5 -0.6

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2

Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.

3

Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2019

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2018-

Mar.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

Dec.

2018-

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019-

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

All items................................................................. 100.000 1.9 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.4

Food.................................................................. 13.364 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3

Food at home..................................................... 7.304 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.4

Cereals and bakery products................................. 0.962 1.8 0.5 -0.4 0.7 0.3

Cereals and cereal products............................... 0.308 1.9 1.6 -0.6 0.6 1.7

Flour and prepared flour mixes......................... 0.040 -0.4 0.8 -0.5 -0.5 1.7

Breakfast cereal1

......................................... 0.149 1.9 1.2 -1.1 0.9 1.2

Rice, pasta, cornmeal1

................................... 0.118 2.7 2.2 -0.3 0.5 2.2

Rice1, 2, 3

................................................ 2.5 1.0 0.0 -0.8 1.0

Bakery products1

......................................... 0.654 1.8 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0

Bread1, 2................................................. 0.193 1.8 -0.1 -0.3 0.4 -0.1

White bread1, 3...................................... 1.5 -0.6 -0.3 0.2 -0.6

Bread other than white1, 3.......................... 3.4 0.7 -0.1 0.5 0.7

Fresh biscuits, rolls, muffins2

......................... 0.092 2.0 0.4 0.6 -0.5 0.4

Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies....................... 0.164 0.8 -0.6 -1.4 1.6 -0.9

Cookies3.............................................. -0.7 -1.8 -2.1 2.3 -1.7

Fresh cakes and cupcakes1, 3..................... 3.1 1.1 -1.6 0.3 1.1

Other bakery products................................ 0.205 2.3 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.2

Fresh sweetrolls, coffeecakes, doughnuts1, 3

.... 4.1 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.6

Crackers, bread, and cracker products3

. . . . . . . .. 1.1 -0.9 0.7 0.8 -1.6

Frozen and refrigerated bakery products, pies,

tarts, turnovers3

................................... 2.4 0.8 -0.6 0.2 1.0

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs................................ 1.596 -0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 -0.2

Meats, poultry, and fish.................................... 1.504 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 -0.3

Meats...................................................... 0.937 0.2 0.8 0.9 -0.2 0.1

Beef and veal.......................................... 0.426 1.2 0.8 1.4 -0.5 0.0

Uncooked ground beef1

............................ 0.170 -2.1 -0.6 0.9 -0.2 -0.6

Uncooked beef roasts1, 2........................... 0.061 4.3 2.2 1.2 0.8 2.2

Uncooked beef steaks2............................. 0.158 3.1 1.8 1.4 -0.6 0.3

Uncooked other beef and veal1, 2................. 0.037 3.2 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.9

Pork...................................................... 0.290 -0.6 1.5 0.7 -0.7 0.9

Bacon, breakfast sausage, and related

products2.......................................... 0.132 -1.5 0.5 0.6 -0.2 -0.2

Bacon and related products3

.................... -0.4 1.2 -0.9 0.0 1.0

Breakfast sausage and related products2, 3

... -2.3 -0.2 2.4 -1.2 0.3

Ham................................................... 0.050 2.3 6.8 1.9 -3.0 4.4

Ham, excluding canned3

........................ 2.5 7.4 2.1 -2.9 4.4

Pork chops1

.......................................... 0.043 -0.3 -0.9 -4.0 3.1 -0.9

Other pork including roasts, steaks, and ribs2... 0.065 -1.5 1.0 2.4 -2.7 1.5

Other meats............................................ 0.221 -0.7 -0.1 0.1 1.1 -0.7

Frankfurters3

......................................... 0.1 0.4 0.1 1.2 -0.7

Lunchmeats2, 3...................................... -1.0 -0.4 -0.1 1.2 -0.8

Lamb and organ meats1, 3.........................

Lamb and mutton1, 2, 3..............................

Poultry1.................................................. 0.315 -1.0 -0.9 -0.2 1.2 -0.9

Chicken1, 2........................................... 0.258 -0.9 -0.6 -0.3 0.7 -0.6

Fresh whole chicken1, 3.......................... -1.2 -0.3 0.1 1.4 -0.3

Fresh and frozen chicken parts1, 3............. -0.7 -0.6 -0.9 0.4 -0.6

Other uncooked poultry including turkey2........ 0.057 -1.5 -2.3 -1.8 3.1 -2.5

Fish and seafood...................................... 0.252 2.7 -0.4 0.2 0.8 -1.0

Fresh fish and seafood2

............................ 0.130 2.6 0.2 -0.3 -0.1 -0.4

Processed fish and seafood2

...................... 0.122 2.8 -1.0 0.9 0.4 -0.5

Shelf stable fish and seafood1, 3

............... 3.3 -1.7 0.1 -0.6 -1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2019 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2018-

Mar.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

Dec.

2018-

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019-

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

Frozen fish and seafood3

........................ 3.3 -0.9 0.6 0.8 -0.5

Eggs........................................................ 0.092 -8.0 -0.9 0.9 -1.4 0.5

Dairy and related products................................... 0.724 0.5 0.4 -0.3 0.3 0.6

Milk2

........................................................... 0.200 2.7 1.1 1.1 0.1 1.5

Fresh whole milk3........................................ 2.2 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.3

Fresh milk other than whole2, 3......................... 3.1 1.3 1.1 -0.5 1.8

Cheese and related products1

............................. 0.232 -2.0 0.2 -0.7 -0.6 0.2

Ice cream and related products........................... 0.107 0.1 -1.6 -0.4 0.7 -0.9

Other dairy and related products1, 2...................... 0.186 1.4 1.1 0.9 -0.1 1.1

Fruits and vegetables......................................... 1.305 3.9 0.3 -0.3 0.9 1.6

Fresh fruits and vegetables................................ 1.034 4.3 0.1 -0.2 0.7 1.6

Fresh fruits................................................ 0.543 1.4 0.0 1.1 -0.3 1.2

Apples................................................... 0.076 2.1 1.6 0.3 -0.6 1.8

Bananas1

............................................... 0.079 -0.7 1.2 -0.8 0.7 1.2

Citrus fruits2............................................ 0.149 2.0 2.1 -1.0 -0.9 1.3

Oranges, including tangerines3.................... 2.7 1.9 -2.5 -1.5 3.1

Other fresh fruits2

...................................... 0.238 1.5 -2.2 2.3 0.5 1.2

Fresh vegetables......................................... 0.491 7.7 0.3 -1.7 1.9 2.0

Potatoes................................................. 0.079 8.0 0.7 2.3 0.4 2.4

Lettuce.................................................. 0.065 18.9 4.1 -7.1 4.9 6.4

Tomatoes1

.............................................. 0.080 1.0 -1.6 -1.5 -4.4 -1.6

Other fresh vegetables................................ 0.267 7.1 -0.2 0.4 1.2 0.7

Processed fruits and vegetables2

...................... 0.271 2.7 0.7 -0.9 1.4 1.6

Canned fruits and vegetables2....................... 0.151 6.0 0.9 0.0 2.1 2.1

Canned fruits2, 3..................................... 8.6 2.2 -1.6 2.5 3.0

Canned vegetables2, 3.............................. 5.0 0.3 0.5 2.2 0.9

Frozen fruits and vegetables2

........................ 0.077 -1.3 0.8 -1.0 0.8 0.8

Frozen vegetables3................................. 0.0 0.9 -2.2 2.1 1.1

Other processed fruits and vegetables including

dried2................................................. 0.043 -1.4 -0.2 -1.3 -1.5 1.8

Dried beans, peas, and lentils1, 2, 3............... -4.5 1.0 -3.9 -0.3 1.0

Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials. . . . . . . .. 0.884 2.6 -0.2 0.8 0.7 0.0

Juices and nonalcoholic drinks2

........................... 0.633 4.0 -0.3 1.8 0.7 0.0

Carbonated drinks........................................ 0.267 5.4 0.2 2.1 -0.2 0.7

Frozen noncarbonated juices and drinks1, 2.......... 0.009 1.0 1.3 -0.5 0.5 1.3

Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices and drinks2......... 0.358 3.0 -0.6 1.3 1.0 -0.1

Beverage materials including coffee and tea2........... 0.251 -0.9 -0.2 -1.0 -0.1 0.0

Coffee...................................................... 0.161 -1.7 0.0 -1.4 0.1 -0.1

Roasted coffee3

........................................ -2.0 -0.1 -1.7 -0.5 -0.3

Instant coffee1, 3........................................ -1.0 -0.2 0.6 0.8 -0.2

Other beverage materials including tea1, 2............ 0.090 0.5 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.4

Other food at home............................................ 1.833 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1

Sugar and sweets1

.......................................... 0.279 1.6 1.1 1.3 0.3 1.1

Sugar and artificial sweeteners......................... 0.042 -0.7 0.1 -0.1 0.6 1.3

Candy and chewing gum1, 2............................. 0.184 2.3 1.1 0.5 0.0 1.1

Other sweets2

............................................. 0.054 0.9 1.7 0.4 0.9 2.0

Fats and oils................................................. 0.214 0.7 0.1 0.6 -0.2 0.8

Butter and margarine2

................................... 0.061 3.4 0.8 0.0 1.5 1.5

Butter3

................................................... 5.8 0.4 0.9 3.1 0.6

Margarine3

.............................................. 0.0 1.3 -0.1 -1.6 1.8

Salad dressing2........................................... 0.052 0.5 -0.2 0.1 -0.9 0.4

Other fats and oils including peanut butter2

. . . . . . . . .. 0.101 -0.8 -0.1 1.0 -1.0 0.4

Peanut butter1, 2, 3

..................................... -1.0 -1.0 -2.5 0.6 -1.0

Other foods................................................ 1.340 0.6 0.0 -0.2 0.3 -0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2019 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2018-

Mar.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

Dec.

2018-

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019-

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

Soups.................................................... 0.081 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.4 -1.3

Frozen and freeze dried prepared foods1

.......... 0.234 -0.6 -1.2 -0.9 1.6 -1.2

Snacks1................................................. 0.310 0.8 0.1 -0.4 1.1 0.1

Spices, seasonings, condiments, sauces........... 0.272 1.5 0.3 -0.7 0.6 0.4

Salt and other seasonings and spices2, 3........ 0.2 -1.4 -0.6 1.1 -0.6

Olives, pickles, relishes1, 2, 3.......................

Sauces and gravies2, 3

............................. 1.0 1.3 -0.9 0.7 1.0

Other condiments3.................................. 1.8 1.1 -1.6 0.7 1.2

Baby food1, 2........................................... 0.051 4.5 -1.2 -0.5 0.2 -1.2

Other miscellaneous foods1, 2........................ 0.393 -0.1 0.4 -1.5 0.1 0.4

Prepared salads1, 3, 4

............................... -2.3 0.5 -0.2 -0.7 0.5

Food away from home1

.......................................... 6.060 3.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2

Full service meals and snacks1, 2........................... 3.009 2.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1

Limited service meals and snacks1, 2....................... 2.581 3.1 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.2

Food at employee sites and schools2....................... 0.182 2.2 0.0 -0.2 0.3 0.2

Food at elementary and secondary schools1, 3, 5....... 1.9 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Food from vending machines and mobile vendors1, 2. . .. 0.092 4.0 0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.3

Other food away from home1, 2.............................. 0.197 3.9 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4

Energy................................................................ 7.190 -0.4 4.4 -3.1 0.4 3.5

Energy commodities............................................. 3.829 -0.6 8.4 -5.3 1.5 6.2

Fuel oil and other fuels........................................ 0.188 -0.7 0.6 -1.7 1.6 1.4

Fuel oil........................................................ 0.113 -0.4 0.6 -1.3 2.6 2.1

Propane, kerosene, and firewood6

........................ 0.075 -1.1 0.5 -1.9 0.1 1.6

Motor fuel....................................................... 3.641 -0.6 8.8 -5.5 1.5 6.4

Gasoline (all types)......................................... 3.556 -0.7 9.0 -5.5 1.5 6.5

Gasoline, unleaded regular3

............................ -0.7 9.4 -5.6 1.7 6.9

Gasoline, unleaded midgrade3, 7

....................... -0.6 7.5 -4.6 0.1 5.3

Gasoline, unleaded premium3

.......................... -0.7 6.3 -5.3 0.8 3.8

Other motor fuels2

.......................................... 0.085 2.3 3.0 -3.8 -0.7 3.5

Energy services................................................... 3.361 -0.1 -0.1 -0.5 -0.8 0.3

Electricity........................................................ 2.594 0.3 0.0 -0.6 -0.3 0.4

Utility (piped) gas service..................................... 0.767 -1.4 -0.5 -0.3 -2.4 -0.1

All items less food and energy.................................... 79.446 2.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1

Commodities less food and energy commodities............ 19.624 0.0 0.3 0.4 -0.2 -0.2

Household furnishings and supplies8

....................... 3.394 1.5 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.0

Window and floor coverings and other linens1, 2........ 0.257 -1.8 0.4 3.8 -2.0 0.4

Floor coverings1, 2........................................ 0.055 0.9 1.8 0.4 -1.0 1.8

Window coverings1, 2..................................... 0.046 -3.6 -1.3 3.2 1.2 -1.3

Other linens1, 2............................................ 0.156 -2.2 0.5 5.3 -3.2 0.5

Furniture and bedding...................................... 0.895 3.3 0.5 -0.1 1.2 0.2

Bedroom furniture1

....................................... 0.324 1.1 -0.5 1.1 -0.1 -0.5

Living room, kitchen, and dining room furniture1, 2. .. 0.433 4.4 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.4

Other furniture1, 2......................................... 0.128 5.1 3.5 -1.0 3.6 3.5

Infants’ furniture1, 3, 5

..................................

Appliances2.................................................. 0.219 4.8 -0.9 1.4 -0.9 -0.7

Major appliances2........................................ 0.081 8.8 -1.2 1.0 -0.6 -2.1

Laundry equipment3

................................... 8.8 0.1 -2.9 -2.6 -1.0

Other appliances2

........................................ 0.134 2.6 -0.7 1.3 -0.9 -0.3

Other household equipment and furnishings2

........... 0.507 -3.2 -1.1 0.7 0.6 -1.4

Clocks, lamps, and decorator items1

.................. 0.280 -2.9 -1.3 1.7 2.6 -1.3

Indoor plants and flowers9

.............................. 0.094 -0.8 -0.4 -0.7 0.2 -0.3

Dishes and flatware1, 2................................... 0.052 -10.7 -3.7 2.7 -1.0 -3.7

Nonelectric cookware and tableware2

................. 0.081 -1.6 0.2 0.7 0.3 -0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2019 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2018-

Mar.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

Dec.

2018-

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019-

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment and supplies2

. . .. 0.676 1.2 -0.4 1.0 0.7 -0.6

Tools, hardware and supplies1, 2....................... 0.200 1.0 -0.7 0.9 0.8 -0.7

Outdoor equipment and supplies2...................... 0.313 1.5 -0.1 0.8 1.0 -0.5

Housekeeping supplies1.................................... 0.839 2.9 0.7 0.1 -0.1 0.7

Household cleaning products1, 2........................ 0.331 3.3 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.8

Household paper products1, 2........................... 0.222 4.8 1.8 -0.7 -0.3 1.8

Miscellaneous household products1, 2................. 0.286 0.9 -0.3 0.7 -0.2 -0.3

Apparel.......................................................... 3.065 -2.2 0.1 1.1 0.3 -1.9

Men’s and boys’ apparel................................... 0.784 1.1 -2.4 -0.3 3.4 -2.3

Men’s apparel............................................. 0.603 -0.2 -1.6 -0.7 3.2 -1.0

Men’s suits, sport coats, and outerwear............ 0.112 3.5 0.0 1.0 3.3 0.4

Men’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories.......................................... 0.153 2.0 -0.7 -3.1 3.3 -1.0

Men’s shirts and sweaters2

........................... 0.175 -2.7 -1.8 0.6 2.6 -1.0

Men’s pants and shorts............................... 0.156 -2.3 -3.2 0.4 0.3 -0.3

Boys’ apparel............................................. 0.181 6.2 -5.1 3.1 2.4 -4.8

Women’s and girls’ apparel................................ 1.226 -4.4 1.9 1.5 -0.9 -2.4

Women’s apparel......................................... 1.045 -4.6 2.5 1.6 -1.6 -2.0

Women’s outerwear................................... 0.073 2.1 -1.0 4.2 -0.8 -3.8

Women’s dresses...................................... 0.127 -7.7 4.4 -1.4 0.2 -3.7

Women’s suits and separates2

....................... 0.550 -6.2 1.6 3.0 -2.2 -4.0

Women’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories2......................................... 0.283 -1.5 4.3 0.6 -2.5 2.9

Girls’ apparel.............................................. 0.181 -2.9 -1.8 1.3 3.4 -4.6

Footwear..................................................... 0.674 -1.7 -0.1 2.5 0.1 -2.0

Men’s footwear1

.......................................... 0.219 -1.2 -1.3 2.8 -0.9 -1.3

Boys’ and girls’ footwear................................ 0.162 3.6 0.6 4.5 2.0 -1.4

Women’s footwear........................................ 0.293 -4.7 0.3 2.0 0.9 -2.2

Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel.............................. 0.138 2.5 0.4 -2.1 2.4 -0.3

Jewelry and watches6

...................................... 0.243 -4.8 -0.3 0.8 -3.4 0.9

Watches1, 6................................................ 0.092 1.9 7.5 1.9 -4.8 7.5

Jewelry6.................................................... 0.151 -9.0 -5.0 2.5 -1.9 -4.7

Transportation commodities less motor fuel8.............. 6.621 0.7 0.6 0.2 -0.4 0.1

New vehicles................................................. 3.729 0.7 0.4 0.2 -0.2 0.4

New cars and trucks2, 3

.................................. 0.7 0.4 0.2 -0.3 0.5

New cars3............................................... 1.0 0.3 0.1 -0.3 0.4

New trucks3, 10......................................... 0.6 0.4 0.4 -0.1 0.4

Used cars and trucks....................................... 2.397 0.4 0.9 0.1 -0.7 -0.4

Motor vehicle parts and equipment1

...................... 0.382 1.8 0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.2

Tires1

....................................................... 0.227 1.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1

Vehicle accessories other than tires1, 2................ 0.155 2.8 0.4 0.4 -0.6 0.4

Vehicle parts and equipment other than tires1, 3... 1.9 0.0 0.7 -0.2 0.0

Motor oil, coolant, and fluids1, 3...................... 6.4 5.2 -0.9 -4.7 5.2

Medical care commodities.................................... 1.696 -0.6 0.4 0.1 -1.0 0.4

Medicinal drugs8............................................ 1.638 -0.7 0.5 0.0 -1.0 0.5

Prescription drugs........................................ 1.302 -0.4 0.6 0.0 -1.0 0.6

Nonprescription drugs1, 8................................ 0.337 -1.6 0.1 -0.2 -0.7 0.1

Medical equipment and supplies1, 8...................... 0.057 1.4 -1.5 0.7 -0.6 -1.5

Recreation commodities8

..................................... 1.796 -1.7 -0.1 0.3 -0.9 0.0

Video and audio products8

................................. 0.222 -9.9 -1.7 0.6 -1.6 -1.7

Televisions................................................ 0.096 -19.3 -4.3 -0.6 -3.2 -4.2

Other video equipment2

................................. 0.027 1.8 0.7 1.7 0.7 0.0

Audio equipment1

........................................ 0.044 -0.2 0.1 3.2 -1.8 0.1

Recorded music and music subscriptions1, 2......... 0.047 -5.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2019 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2018-

Mar.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

Dec.

2018-

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019-

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

Pets and pet products1

..................................... 0.608 2.9 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3

Pet food1, 2, 3

.............................................. 2.1 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5

Purchase of pets, pet supplies, accessories1, 2, 3. . .. 4.0 -0.1 0.3 0.3 -0.1

Sporting goods.............................................. 0.493 0.3 0.9 -0.2 -1.9 1.0

Sports vehicles including bicycles1..................... 0.286 3.0 1.6 -0.4 -1.7 1.6

Sports equipment......................................... 0.200 -3.5 -0.1 -0.2 -1.3 -0.4

Photographic equipment and supplies................... 0.032 -5.7 0.6 1.5 -2.3 0.0

Film and photographic supplies1, 2, 3

...................

Photographic equipment2, 3............................. -4.8 0.6 1.4 -2.2 0.0

Recreational reading materials1........................... 0.115 1.9 0.1 2.3 -2.7 0.1

Newspapers and magazines1, 2........................ 0.070 2.8 0.5 2.6 -3.7 0.5

Recreational books1, 2................................... 0.045 0.5 -0.6 1.9 -1.2 -0.6

Other recreational goods2

.................................. 0.326 -7.3 -1.1 -0.2 -0.6 -0.7

Toys........................................................ 0.255 -9.6 -1.6 -0.1 -1.0 -1.2

Toys, games, hobbies and playground

equipment2

, 3

......................................... -7.1 -0.2 -0.5 -0.4 0.7

Sewing machines, fabric and supplies1, 2............. 0.025 10.3 2.5 -0.2 1.8 2.5

Music instruments and accessories1, 2................ 0.035 -0.3 0.6 -1.3 0.5 0.6

Education and communication commodities8

.............. 0.527 -4.4 0.0 -0.8 -0.5 -0.1

Educational books and supplies.......................... 0.130 -0.9 -0.4 -0.9 0.8 -0.3

College textbooks1, 3, 11

.................................. -1.5 0.0 -1.3 0.8 0.0

Information technology commodities8.................... 0.397 -5.5 0.1 -0.7 -0.9 0.0

Computers, peripherals, and smart home assistant

devices4

................................................. 0.304 -3.3 0.6 -0.5 -0.9 0.5

Computer software and accessories1, 2............... 0.024 -3.4 -0.9 -1.7 0.4 -0.9

Telephone hardware, calculators, and other

consumer information items1, 2....................... 0.070 -14.9 -1.8 -1.3 -1.2 -1.8

Alcoholic beverages........................................... 0.972 1.5 -0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.1

Alcoholic beverages at home.............................. 0.607 1.6 -0.4 0.1 0.5 -0.4

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages at home........ 0.270 1.8 -0.6 0.1 0.7 -0.6

Distilled spirits at home.................................. 0.082 2.7 -0.1 0.4 1.1 -0.2

Whiskey at home1, 3

................................... 3.3 0.1 2.4 1.1 0.1

Distilled spirits, excluding whiskey, at home1, 3

. . .. 1.8 -0.5 0.3 1.1 -0.5

Wine at home............................................. 0.255 0.9 -0.4 -0.2 0.4 -0.4

Alcoholic beverages away from home1

.................. 0.365 1.5 0.2 0.1 -0.3 0.2

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages away from

home1

, 2, 3

............................................... 2.2 0.6 -0.1 -0.1 0.6

Wine away from home1, 2, 3

............................. 2.1 -0.4 0.4 0.0 -0.4

Distilled spirits away from home1, 2, 3

.................. -0.7 0.4 -0.2 -0.9 0.4

Other goods8

................................................... 1.553 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Tobacco and smoking products........................... 0.660 5.4 1.4 0.3 0.5 1.6

Cigarettes2

................................................ 0.585 5.6 1.5 0.2 0.4 1.8

Tobacco products other than cigarettes1, 2........... 0.060 3.6 -0.1 1.2 0.5 -0.1

Personal care products1.................................... 0.684 -1.1 -0.4 0.4 -0.4 -0.4

Hair, dental, shaving, and miscellaneous personal

care products1, 2....................................... 0.380 -0.2 -0.4 0.5 -0.2 -0.4

Cosmetics, perfume, bath, nail preparations and

implements1

............................................ 0.298 -2.2 -0.3 0.3 -0.7 -0.3

Miscellaneous personal goods2

........................... 0.208 -4.1 0.0 1.0 3.6 0.1

Stationery, stationery supplies, gift wrap3

............. 0.0 0.2 1.3 1.6 0.3

Infants’ equipment1, 3, 5

.................................. -10.7 -0.7 -1.4 -1.0 -0.7

Services less energy services.................................. 59.822 2.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Shelter........................................................... 33.293 3.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

Rent of shelter12............................................. 32.919 3.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2019 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2018-

Mar.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

Dec.

2018-

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019-

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

Rent of primary residence............................... 7.932 3.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

Lodging away from home2

.............................. 0.962 2.9 4.3 0.5 1.3 0.8

Housing at school, excluding board12............... 0.114 2.5 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other lodging away from home including hotels

and motels........................................... 0.848 2.9 4.9 0.5 1.4 0.9

Owners’ equivalent rent of residences12.............. 24.026 3.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence12. .. 22.685 3.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Tenants’ and household insurance1, 2................. 0.373 1.5 -0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.2

Water and sewer and trash collection services2

........ 1.094 3.6 0.2 -0.5 0.1 0.3

Water and sewerage maintenance..................... 0.826 3.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3

Garbage and trash collection1, 10....................... 0.268 5.1 0.2 -2.1 0.4 0.2

Household operations1, 2................................... 0.888 3.4 -0.2 0.3 -0.3 -0.2

Domestic services1, 2..................................... 0.305 3.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Gardening and lawncare services1, 2.................. 0.298 4.4

Moving, storage, freight expense2

...................... 0.102 3.5 0.6 2.6 -2.2 1.8

Repair of household items1, 2........................... 0.107 0.2 0.0 1.2 -0.4 0.0

Medical care services...................................... 7.000 2.3 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.3

Professional services.................................... 3.259 0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Physicians’ services................................... 1.735 0.1 -0.5 0.4 0.1 -0.4

Dental services......................................... 0.790 0.7 0.3 0.4 -0.1 -0.1

Eyeglasses and eye care1, 6......................... 0.317 0.8 -0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.1

Services by other medical professionals1, 6........ 0.416 0.8 0.3 -0.4 0.4 0.3

Hospital and related services........................... 2.617 1.9 0.1 -0.2 -0.6 0.3

Hospital services13..................................... 2.335 1.8 0.1 -0.3 -0.7 0.3

Inpatient hospital services13, 3..................... 1.3 0.2 -0.4 -0.6 0.5

Outpatient hospital services3, 6.................... 1.7 0.1 -0.3 -0.6 0.2

Nursing homes and adult day services13........... 0.195 3.7 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2

Care of invalids and elderly at home1, 5............ 0.088 2.7 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.2

Health insurance1, 5...................................... 1.124 9.1 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.3

Transportation services..................................... 5.962 1.0 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Leased cars and trucks1, 11............................. 0.640 -0.3 -0.6 -0.2 -1.6 -0.6

Car and truck rental2..................................... 0.108 -5.6 1.9 -2.0 -6.8 -1.9

Motor vehicle maintenance and repair1

............... 1.130 3.7 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.8

Motor vehicle body work1............................. 0.056 2.4 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0

Motor vehicle maintenance and servicing1......... 0.638 4.5 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.9

Motor vehicle repair1, 2................................ 0.371 2.6 0.7 0.0 0.6 0.7

Motor vehicle insurance................................. 2.407 1.7 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.1

Motor vehicle fees1, 2.................................... 0.545 1.9 0.0 0.7 0.3 0.0

State motor vehicle registration and license

fees1, 2................................................ 0.280 0.8 -0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.1

Parking and other fees1, 2............................ 0.247 3.1 0.2 1.3 0.5 0.2

Parking fees and tolls2, 3........................... 2.7 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1

Automobile service clubs1, 2, 3.....................

Public transportation..................................... 1.133 -1.9 0.5 -0.8 0.2 -0.2

Airline fares............................................. 0.684 -2.9 0.3 -0.9 0.5 -0.6

Other intercity transportation......................... 0.164 -1.7 2.1 -0.4 0.9 1.1

Intercity bus fare1, 3, 4

............................... 9.2 9.0 -2.2 -3.6 9.0

Intercity train fare1, 3, 4

..............................

Ship fare1, 2, 3

........................................ -2.1 1.7 -1.3 0.8 1.7

Intracity transportation1

............................... 0.278 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Intracity mass transit1, 3, 8

.......................... 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2

Recreation services8

........................................ 3.892 2.6 0.6 0.3 -0.2 0.4

Video and audio services8

.............................. 1.605 1.7 0.4 0.4 -0.2 -0.2

Cable and satellite television service10............. 1.515 1.5 0.3 0.2 -0.3 -0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure

category, March 2019 — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Unadjusted percent

change Seasonally adjusted percent change

Mar.

2018-

Mar.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

Dec.

2018-

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019-

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

Video discs and other media, including rental of

video1

, 2............................................... 0.091 5.0 1.0 3.8 2.1 1.0

Video discs and other media1, 2, 3

................ 4.8 0.7 5.5 3.1 0.7

Rental of video discs and other media1, 2, 3

. . . .. 2.8 2.4 -0.9 0.1 2.4

Pet services including veterinary2...................... 0.420 3.6 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.2

Pet services1, 2, 3....................................... 3.2 -0.8 0.4 0.3 -0.8

Veterinarian services2, 3............................... 3.8 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.6

Photographers and photo processing1, 2.............. 0.038 1.1 -0.3 -1.8 -0.2 -0.3

Photographer fees1, 2, 3

............................... -4.1 -1.3 -3.5 -1.3

Photo processing1, 2, 3

................................. 5.4 1.3 -1.3 3.1 1.3

Other recreation services2

............................... 1.827 3.2 0.8 0.1 -0.4 1.0

Club membership for shopping clubs, fraternal, or

other organizations, or participant sports

fees1, 2................................................ 0.685 3.3 -0.1 0.5 0.8 -0.1

Admissions............................................. 0.647 3.2 1.9 -0.3 -2.2 2.4

Admission to movies, theaters, and

concerts

1

, 2, 3

...................................... 1.3 0.5 -0.1 0.3 0.5

Admission to sporting events1, 2, 3

................ 5.2 5.2 0.1 -7.2 5.2

Fees for lessons or instructions1, 6.................. 0.219 2.5 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.7

Education and communication services8

................. 6.038 1.3 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Tuition, other school fees, and childcare.............. 2.911 3.4 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.5

College tuition and fees............................... 1.615 3.8 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.8

Elementary and high school tuition and fees. . . . .. 0.336 4.4 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.3

Child care and nursery school9

...................... 0.808 2.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Technical and business school tuition and fees2... 0.032 1.0 -0.5 -0.5 0.0 -0.4

Postage and delivery services2

......................... 0.113 5.6 0.0 1.4 1.8 0.2

Postage................................................. 0.099 5.9 0.0 1.7 1.9 0.2

Delivery services2...................................... 0.014 3.3 0.2 -0.6 1.3 0.5

Telephone services1, 2................................... 2.219 -1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Wireless telephone services1, 2...................... 1.647 -3.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Land-line telephone services1, 8..................... 0.573 1.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3

Internet services and electronic information

providers2

............................................... 0.786 2.0 -1.0 0.3 0.3 -1.1

Other personal services1, 8................................. 1.654 3.0 -0.3 -0.1 0.6 -0.3

Personal care services1................................. 0.632 3.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

Haircuts and other personal care services1, 2...... 0.632 3.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

Miscellaneous personal services....................... 1.022 2.9 -0.5 -0.3 0.7 -0.8

Legal services1, 6...................................... 0.308 1.8 0.0 -1.1 0.9 0.0

Funeral expenses1, 6.................................. 0.128 2.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2

Laundry and dry cleaning services1, 2............... 0.241 3.7 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.8

Apparel services other than laundry and dry

cleaning1

, 2........................................... 0.029 5.6 0.6 -0.1 0.2 0.6

Financial services6

..................................... 0.244 3.7 -2.9 0.2 1.3 -3.7

Checking account and other bank

services1, 2, 3...................................... 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

Tax return preparation and other accounting

fees2

, 3

.............................................. 5.0 -6.9 1.2 2.6 -7.8

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2

Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.

3 Special index based on a substantially smaller sample.

4

Indexes on a December 2007=100 base.

5

Indexes on a December 2005=100 base.

6

Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.

7

Indexes on a December 1993=100 base.

8

Indexes on a December 2009=100 base.

9

Indexes on a December 1990=100 base.
10 Indexes on a December 1983=100 base.

11 Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.

12 Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.

13 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.
Table 3. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, special aggregate indexes,

March 2019

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Special aggregate indexes

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Unadjusted indexes Unadjusted percent

change

Seasonally adjusted percent

change

Mar.

2018

Feb.

2019

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2018-

Mar.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

Dec.

2018-

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019-

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019-

Mar.

2019

All items less food................................... 86.636 249.102 252.077 253.643 1.8 0.6 -0.1 0.1 0.4

All items less shelter................................ 66.707 230.692 231.792 233.290 1.1 0.6 -0.2 0.1 0.4

All items less food and shelter..................... 53.343 224.927 225.199 226.909 0.9 0.8 -0.3 0.0 0.5

All items less food, shelter, and energy.......... 46.153 229.717 231.788 232.222 1.1 0.2 0.2 -0.1 0.0

All items less food, shelter, energy, and used

cars and trucks.................................... 43.756 235.187 237.480 237.836 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0

All items less medical care......................... 91.304 238.305 241.335 242.776 1.9 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.4

All items less energy................................ 92.810 255.275 259.817 260.505 2.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Commodities......................................... 36.817 183.780 183.001 184.993 0.7 1.1 -0.3 0.2 0.7

Commodities less food, energy, and used

cars and trucks................................. 17.227 146.274 145.854 146.120 -0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.1 -0.2

Commodities less food........................... 23.453 152.962 150.341 152.742 -0.1 1.6 -0.6 0.1 0.9

Commodities less food and beverages........ 22.480 149.663 146.883 149.344 -0.2 1.7 -0.6 0.1 0.9

Services.............................................. 63.183 314.337 321.623 322.456 2.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3

Services less rent of shelter1

.................... 30.264 334.676 340.062 340.396 1.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2

Services less medical care services........... 56.183 298.978 305.981 306.807 2.6 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3

Durables.............................................. 9.975 105.046 105.042 105.379 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.1 0.0

Nondurables.......................................... 26.842 223.953 222.655 225.714 0.8 1.4 -0.8 0.6 0.8

Nondurables less food........................... 13.477 199.529 193.659 198.584 -0.5 2.5 -1.4 0.5 1.6

Nondurables less food and beverages. . . . . . .. 12.505 196.477 190.018 195.255 -0.6 2.8 -1.5 0.6 1.7

Nondurables less food, beverages, and

apparel.......................................... 9.440 243.131 234.377 242.842 -0.1 3.6 -2.3 0.6 2.9

Nondurables less food and apparel............ 10.412 242.432 234.854 242.500 0.0 3.3 -2.1 0.5 2.6

Housing............................................... 42.217 256.388 263.057 263.886 2.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Education and communication2

.................... 6.565 136.029 137.168 137.082 0.8 -0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Education2

......................................... 3.041 255.609 263.620 263.905 3.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.5

Communication2

.................................. 3.524 73.883 73.097 72.943 -1.3 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2

Information and information processing2

.... 3.411 69.988 69.100 68.950 -1.5 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.3

Information technology, hardware and

services3...................................... 1.192 7.438 7.436 7.390 -0.6 -0.6 0.0 -0.1 -0.7

Recreation2

........................................... 5.688 119.281 120.306 120.743 1.2 0.4 0.3 -0.4 0.3

Video and audio2................................. 1.827 104.921 105.000 105.119 0.2 0.1 0.5 -0.3 -0.4

Pets, pet products and services2............... 1.027 171.011 176.081 176.496 3.2 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.2

Photography2...................................... 0.072 74.728 73.073 73.161 -2.1 0.1 -0.3 -1.1 -0.2

Food and beverages................................ 14.337 252.182 256.997 257.430 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2

Domestically produced farm food............... 6.089 247.165 249.510 250.216 1.2 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.5

Other services....................................... 11.584 350.476 356.916 357.332 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Apparel less footwear............................... 2.392 121.481 118.417 118.637 -2.3 0.2 0.7 0.4 -1.9

Fuels and utilities.................................... 4.643 239.786 241.549 241.550 0.7 0.0 -0.6 -0.5 0.3

Household energy................................ 3.549 199.657 199.581 199.429 -0.1 -0.1 -0.6 -0.6 0.3

Medical care......................................... 8.696 483.984 491.227 492.306 1.7 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.3

Transportation....................................... 16.224 207.845 204.236 208.836 0.5 2.3 -1.3 0.1 1.5

Private transportation............................ 15.091 203.343 199.920 204.680 0.7 2.4 -1.3 0.1 1.7

New and used motor vehicles2

............... 6.987 99.552 99.491 99.975 0.4 0.5 0.1 -0.6 0.0

Utilities and public transportation.................. 9.322 216.906 216.505 216.735 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.2

Household furnishings and operations........... 4.282 121.484 123.750 123.746 1.9 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0

Other goods and services.......................... 3.207 439.269 448.150 448.471 2.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1

Personal care..................................... 2.547 230.011 233.515 232.888 1.3 -0.3 0.2 0.6 -0.3

1

Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.

2

Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.

3

Indexes on a December 1988=100 base.
Table 4. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): Selected areas, all items index, March 2019

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Area Pricing

Schedule1

Percent change to Mar. 2019 from: Percent change to Feb. 2019 from:

Mar.

2018

Jan.

2019

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2018

Dec.

2018

Jan.

2019

U.S. city average............................................... M 1.9 1.0 0.6 1.5 0.6 0.4

Region and area size2

Northeast...................................................... M 1.7 0.7 0.5 1.3 0.5 0.2

Northeast - Size Class A................................. M 1.8 0.8 0.4 1.5 0.6 0.3

Northeast - Size Class B/C3

............................. M 1.5 0.6 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.1

New England4............................................. M 2.1 0.8 0.9 1.6 0.5 -0.1

Middle Atlantic4

............................................ M 1.5 0.7 0.4 1.2 0.6 0.3

Midwest....................................................... M 1.7 1.3 0.6 1.3 0.9 0.7

Midwest - Size Class A................................... M 1.6 1.1 0.6 1.2 0.7 0.6

Midwest - Size Class B/C3............................... M 1.7 1.4 0.6 1.3 0.9 0.8

East North Central4

....................................... M 1.7 1.2 0.4 1.4 1.0 0.7

West North Central4....................................... M 1.5 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6

South.......................................................... M 1.6 1.2 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.5

South - Size Class A...................................... M 1.9 1.2 0.6 1.3 0.6 0.6

South - Size Class B/C3

.................................. M 1.5 1.3 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.5

South Atlantic4

............................................. M 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.5 0.8 0.6

East South Central4

....................................... M 1.0 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6

West South Central4

...................................... M 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4

West........................................................... M 2.4 0.7 0.4 2.4 0.4 0.2

West - Size Class A...................................... M 2.6 0.7 0.5 2.5 0.5 0.2

West - Size Class B/C3

................................... M 2.3 0.6 0.3 2.3 0.3 0.2

Mountain4

................................................... M 2.1 0.6 0.6 1.8 -0.3 0.0

Pacific4

...................................................... M 2.6 0.7 0.4 2.6 0.6 0.3

Size classes

Size Class A5

................................................. M 2.0 0.9 0.5 1.7 0.6 0.4

Size Class B/C3.............................................. M 1.7 1.0 0.6 1.4 0.6 0.4

Selected local areas

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI........................ M 1.5 0.8 0.1 1.4 1.2 0.6

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA.................. M 2.7 0.7 0.6 2.5 0.7 0.1

New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA............... M 1.6 0.5 0.3 1.3 0.7 0.2

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA....................... 2 1.3 1.2

Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD6

......................... 2 0.8 0.5

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI............................... 2 1.2 0.4

Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX................ 2 0.9 0.1

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL........... 2 1.2 1.0

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD....... 2 1.5 0.8

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ7

............................. 2 2.1 -0.3

San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA..................... 2 3.5 0.5

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA............................. 2 2.7 0.7

St. Louis, MO-IL.............................................. 2 0.7 0.8

Urban Alaska................................................. 2 2.5 0.3

Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH....................... 1 2.1 0.5

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX............................ 1 2.7 1.1

Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO............................. 1 1.4 1.3

Minneapolis-St.Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI................ 1 2.3 1.4

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA4

................... 1 2.8 0.7

San Diego-Carlsbad, CA.................................... 1 2.2 0.5

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL8

................... 1 1.7 1.9

Urban Hawaii................................................. 1 1.8 0.5

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV6

. . . .. 1 1.6 0.7

1 Foods, fuels, and several other items are priced every month in all areas. Most other goods and services are priced as indicated: M - Every month.

1 - January, March, May, July, September, and November. 2 - February, April, June, August, October, and December.

2 Regions defined as the four Census regions.
3

Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.

4

Indexes on a December 2017=100 base.

5

Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.

6

1998 - 2017 indexes based on substantially smaller sample.

7

Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.

8

Indexes on a 1987=100 base.

NOTE: Local area indexes are byproducts of the national CPI program. Each local index has a smaller sample size than the national index and is,

therefore, subject to substantially more sampling and other measurement error. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national

index, although their long-term trends are similar. Therefore, the Bureau of Labor Statistics strongly urges users to consider adopting the national

average CPI for use in their escalator clauses.
Table 5. Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) and the Consumer Price Index for

All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, all items index, March 2019

[Percent changes]

Month Year

Unadjusted 1-month percent change Unadjusted 12-month percent change

C-CPI-U1 CPI-U C-CPI-U1 CPI-U

December 2000............................. 2.6 3.4

December 2001............................. 1.3 1.6

December 2002............................. 2.0 2.4

December 2003............................. 1.7 1.9

December 2004............................. 3.2 3.3

December 2005............................. 2.9 3.4

December 2006............................. 2.3 2.5

December 2007............................. 3.7 4.1

December 2008............................. 0.2 0.1

December 2009............................. 2.5 2.7

December 2010............................. 1.3 1.5

December 2011............................. 2.9 3.0

December 2012............................. 1.5 1.7

December 2013............................. 1.3 1.5

December 2014............................. 0.5 0.8

December 2015............................. 0.4 0.7

December 2016............................. 1.8 2.1

January 2017............................... 0.6 0.6 2.3 2.5

February 2017.............................. 0.3 0.3 2.6 2.7

March 2017.................................. 0.0 0.1 2.1 2.4

April 2017.................................... 0.3 0.3 1.8 2.2

May 2017.................................... 0.1 0.1 1.5 1.9

June 2017................................... 0.0 0.1 1.2 1.6

July 2017.................................... -0.2 -0.1 1.3 1.7

August 2017................................. 0.3 0.3 1.5 1.9

September 2017............................ 0.5 0.5 1.9 2.2

October 2017............................... -0.1 -0.1 1.6 2.0

November 2017............................. 0.0 0.0 1.8 2.2

December 2017............................. -0.1 -0.1 1.7 2.1

January 2018............................... 0.5 0.5 1.6 2.1

February 2018.............................. 0.4 0.5 1.7 2.2

March 2018.................................. 0.2 0.2 1.9 2.4

April 2018.................................... 0.4 0.4 2.1 2.5

May 2018.................................... 0.4 0.4 2.4 2.8

June 2018................................... 0.1 0.2 2.5 2.9

July 2018.................................... 0.0 0.0 2.6 2.9

August 2018................................. 0.0 0.1 2.4 2.7

September 2018............................ 0.1 0.1 2.0 2.3

October 2018............................... 0.2 0.2 2.2 2.5

November 2018............................. -0.3 -0.3 1.9 2.2

December 2018............................. -0.3 -0.3 1.7 1.9

January 2019............................... 0.2 0.2 1.4 1.6

February 2019.............................. 0.4 0.4 1.4 1.5

March 2019.................................. 0.6 0.6 1.7 1.9

1 The C-CPI-U is designed to be a closer approximation to a cost-of-living index in that it, in its final form, accounts for any substitution that

consumers make across item categories in response to changes in relative prices. Since the expenditure data required for the calculation of the

C-CPI-U are available only with a time lag, the C-CPI-U is issued first in preliminary form using the latest available expenditure data at that time and

is subject to four revisions.

Indexes are issued as initial estimates. Indexes are revised each quarter with the publication of January, April, July, and October data as updated

expenditure estimates become available. The C-CPI-U indexes are updated quarterly until they become final. January-March indexes are final in

January of the following year; April-June indexes are final in April of the following year; July-September indexes are final in July of the following year;

October-December indexes are final in October of the following year.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019, 1-month analysis table

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2019-

Mar. 2019

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2019-

Mar. 20191

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

All items................................................................. 100.000 0.4 0.04 L-Jan.2018 0.4

Food.................................................................. 13.364 0.3 0.037 0.08 S-Jan.2019 0.2

Food at home..................................................... 7.304 0.4 0.026 0.12 – –

Cereals and bakery products................................. 0.962 0.3 0.003 0.29 S-Jan.2019 -0.4

Cereals and cereal products............................... 0.308 1.7 0.005 0.57 L-Dec.2010 1.7

Flour and prepared flour mixes......................... 0.040 1.7 0.001 0.83 L-Apr.2016 1.9

Breakfast cereal4

......................................... 0.149 1.2 0.002 0.69 L-Dec.2018 1.3

Rice, pasta, cornmeal4................................... 0.118 2.2 0.003 0.92 L-Jan.2015 3.4

Rice4, 5, 6

................................................ 1.0 0.91 L-Nov.2018 2.7

Bakery products4

......................................... 0.654 0.0 0.000 0.33 S-Aug.2018 -0.1

Bread4, 5................................................. 0.193 -0.1 0.000 0.58 S-Jan.2019 -0.3

White bread4, 6

...................................... -0.6 0.83 S-Sep.2018 -0.7

Bread other than white4, 6

.......................... 0.7 0.82 L-Nov.2018 1.4

Fresh biscuits, rolls, muffins5......................... 0.092 0.4 0.000 0.68 L-Jan.2019 0.6

Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies....................... 0.164 -0.9 -0.002 0.57 S-Jan.2019 -1.4

Cookies6

.............................................. -1.7 0.88 S-Jan.2019 -2.1

Fresh cakes and cupcakes4, 6

..................... 1.1 0.58 L-Nov.2018 1.8

Other bakery products................................ 0.205 0.2 0.000 0.57 S-Dec.2018 0.2

Fresh sweetrolls, coffeecakes, doughnuts4, 6

.... 0.6 0.92 S-Jan.2019 0.6

Crackers, bread, and cracker products6. . . . . . . .. -1.6 1.03 S-May 2018 -1.6

Frozen and refrigerated bakery products, pies,

tarts, turnovers6................................... 1.0 0.70 L-Sep.2018 1.9

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs................................ 1.596 -0.2 -0.004 0.24 S-Sep.2018 -0.7

Meats, poultry, and fish.................................... 1.504 -0.3 -0.004 0.25 S-Sep.2018 -0.6

Meats...................................................... 0.937 0.1 0.001 0.31 L-Jan.2019 0.9

Beef and veal.......................................... 0.426 0.0 0.000 0.42 L-Jan.2019 1.4

Uncooked ground beef4

............................ 0.170 -0.6 -0.001 0.62 S-Dec.2018 -0.8

Uncooked beef roasts4, 5........................... 0.061 2.2 0.001 1.15 L-Jun.2018 2.8

Uncooked beef steaks5

............................. 0.158 0.3 0.000 0.74 L-Jan.2019 1.4

Uncooked other beef and veal4, 5................. 0.037 0.9 0.000 0.71 L-Jan.2019 0.9

Pork...................................................... 0.290 0.9 0.003 0.62 L-Nov.2018 1.6

Bacon, breakfast sausage, and related

products5

.......................................... 0.132 -0.2 0.000 0.77 – –

Bacon and related products6.................... 1.0 0.99 L-Dec.2018 1.5

Breakfast sausage and related products5, 6... 0.3 1.02 L-Jan.2019 2.4

Ham................................................... 0.050 4.4 0.002 1.52 L-Apr.2008 7.0

Ham, excluding canned6

........................ 4.4 1.59 L-Apr.2008 7.5

Pork chops4.......................................... 0.043 -0.9 0.000 1.62 S-Jan.2019 -4.0

Other pork including roasts, steaks, and ribs5... 0.065 1.5 0.001 1.30 L-Jan.2019 2.4

Other meats............................................ 0.221 -0.7 -0.002 0.66 S-Jun.2018 -1.6

Frankfurters6......................................... -0.7 1.35 S-Sep.2018 -0.8

Lunchmeats5, 6

...................................... -0.8 0.64 S-Jun.2018 -1.2

Lamb and organ meats4, 6.........................

Lamb and mutton4, 5, 6..............................

Poultry4.................................................. 0.315 -0.9 -0.003 0.54 S-Sep.2018 -1.0

Chicken4, 5........................................... 0.258 -0.6 -0.002 0.60 S-Nov.2018 -0.8

Fresh whole chicken4, 6.......................... -0.3 1.31 S-Dec.2018 -1.5

Fresh and frozen chicken parts4, 6............. -0.6 0.69 S-Jan.2019 -0.9

Other uncooked poultry including turkey5........ 0.057 -2.5 -0.001 1.16 S-Jan.2010 -2.7

Fish and seafood...................................... 0.252 -1.0 -0.003 0.47 S-Sep.2018 -1.0

Fresh fish and seafood5............................ 0.130 -0.4 0.000 0.71 S-Sep.2018 -1.4

Processed fish and seafood5

...................... 0.122 -0.5 -0.001 0.63 S-Feb.2018 -1.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2019-

Mar. 2019

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2019-

Mar. 20191

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Shelf stable fish and seafood4, 6

............... -1.7 1.04 S-Feb.2018 -3.8

Frozen fish and seafood6

........................ -0.5 0.82 S-Jul.2018 -0.8

Eggs........................................................ 0.092 0.5 0.000 1.07 L-Jan.2019 0.9

Dairy and related products................................... 0.724 0.6 0.005 0.27 L-Jun.2018 0.7

Milk5

........................................................... 0.200 1.5 0.003 0.48 L-Sep.2016 1.5

Fresh whole milk6........................................ 1.3 0.62 L-Nov.2017 1.3

Fresh milk other than whole5, 6

......................... 1.8 0.56 L-Nov.2012 2.0

Cheese and related products4

............................. 0.232 0.2 0.001 0.58 L-Jun.2018 0.6

Ice cream and related products........................... 0.107 -0.9 -0.001 0.98 S-Feb.2018 -1.8

Other dairy and related products4, 5...................... 0.186 1.1 0.002 0.57 L-Dec.2018 1.2

Fruits and vegetables......................................... 1.305 1.6 0.020 0.33 L-Apr.2017 1.6

Fresh fruits and vegetables................................ 1.034 1.6 0.016 0.38 L-Dec.2018 1.7

Fresh fruits................................................ 0.543 1.2 0.007 0.50 L-Dec.2018 1.3

Apples................................................... 0.076 1.8 0.001 1.17 L-Dec.2018 1.9

Bananas4

............................................... 0.079 1.2 0.001 0.77 L-Dec.2018 1.4

Citrus fruits5............................................ 0.149 1.3 0.002 0.90 L-Dec.2018 1.9

Oranges, including tangerines6

.................... 3.1 1.20 L-Dec.2018 3.8

Other fresh fruits5

...................................... 0.238 1.2 0.003 0.97 L-Jan.2019 2.3

Fresh vegetables......................................... 0.491 2.0 0.009 0.53 L-Dec.2018 2.0

Potatoes................................................. 0.079 2.4 0.002 1.53 L-Nov.2016 2.7

Lettuce.................................................. 0.065 6.4 0.004 1.78 L-Dec.2018 11.9

Tomatoes4

.............................................. 0.080 -1.6 -0.001 1.43 L-Jan.2019 -1.5

Other fresh vegetables................................ 0.267 0.7 0.002 0.68 S-Jan.2019 0.4

Processed fruits and vegetables5

...................... 0.271 1.6 0.004 0.59 L-Sep.2008 1.6

Canned fruits and vegetables5....................... 0.151 2.1 0.003 0.82 – –

Canned fruits5, 6..................................... 3.0 0.95 L-Apr.2018 3.4

Canned vegetables5, 6

.............................. 0.9 1.10 S-Jan.2019 0.5

Frozen fruits and vegetables5........................ 0.077 0.8 0.001 0.99 – –

Frozen vegetables6................................. 1.1 1.23 S-Jan.2019 -2.2

Other processed fruits and vegetables including

dried5

................................................. 0.043 1.8 0.001 0.76 L-Mar.2017 2.5

Dried beans, peas, and lentils4, 5, 6............... 1.0 1.42 L-Dec.2018 1.3

Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials. . . . . . . .. 0.884 0.0 0.000 0.45 S-Nov.2018 -0.3

Juices and nonalcoholic drinks5

........................... 0.633 0.0 0.000 0.58 S-Dec.2018 0.0

Carbonated drinks........................................ 0.267 0.7 0.002 1.22 L-Jan.2019 2.1

Frozen noncarbonated juices and drinks4, 5.......... 0.009 1.3 0.000 0.45 L-Dec.2017 1.7

Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices and drinks5

......... 0.358 -0.1 -0.001 0.55 S-Nov.2018 -0.3

Beverage materials including coffee and tea5

........... 0.251 0.0 0.000 0.63 L-Dec.2018 0.9

Coffee...................................................... 0.161 -0.1 0.000 0.76 S-Jan.2019 -1.4

Roasted coffee6

........................................ -0.3 0.84 L-Dec.2018 0.6

Instant coffee4, 6........................................ -0.2 1.22 S-Nov.2018 -3.0

Other beverage materials including tea4, 5............ 0.090 -0.4 0.000 0.94 S-Nov.2018 -1.0

Other food at home............................................ 1.833 0.1 0.002 0.23 S-Jan.2019 0.1

Sugar and sweets4.......................................... 0.279 1.1 0.003 0.65 L-Jan.2019 1.3

Sugar and artificial sweeteners......................... 0.042 1.3 0.001 0.79 L-May 2017 1.7

Candy and chewing gum4, 5............................. 0.184 1.1 0.002 0.89 L-Sep.2018 1.3

Other sweets5

............................................. 0.054 2.0 0.001 1.08 L-Oct.2016 3.1

Fats and oils................................................. 0.214 0.8 0.002 0.52 L-Mar.2017 1.1

Butter and margarine5

................................... 0.061 1.5 0.001 0.95 – –

Butter6

................................................... 0.6 1.09 S-Dec.2018 -0.3

Margarine6

.............................................. 1.8 0.82 L-Apr.2017 2.3

Salad dressing5

........................................... 0.052 0.4 0.000 1.10 L-Nov.2018 0.4

Other fats and oils including peanut butter5

. . . . . . . . .. 0.101 0.4 0.000 0.72 L-Jan.2019 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2019-

Mar. 2019

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2019-

Mar. 20191

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Peanut butter4, 5, 6

..................................... -1.0 1.06 S-Jan.2019 -2.5

Other foods................................................ 1.340 -0.2 -0.002 0.29 S-Jan.2019 -0.2

Soups.................................................... 0.081 -1.3 -0.001 0.97 S-Nov.2018 -1.3

Frozen and freeze dried prepared foods4.......... 0.234 -1.2 -0.003 0.57 S-Jan.2018 -1.5

Snacks4................................................. 0.310 0.1 0.000 0.71 S-Jan.2019 -0.4

Spices, seasonings, condiments, sauces........... 0.272 0.4 0.001 0.61 S-Jan.2019 -0.7

Salt and other seasonings and spices5, 6

........ -0.6 0.92 S-Jan.2019 -0.6

Olives, pickles, relishes4, 5, 6

.......................

Sauces and gravies5, 6

............................. 1.0 0.83 L-Nov.2017 1.0

Other condiments6

.................................. 1.2 0.93 L-Sep.2018 3.8

Baby food4, 5........................................... 0.051 -1.2 -0.001 0.83 S-Jun.2015 -1.2

Other miscellaneous foods4, 5........................ 0.393 0.4 0.002 0.47 L-Nov.2018 1.4

Prepared salads4, 7, 6

............................... 0.5 0.84 L-Nov.2018 0.6

Food away from home4

.......................................... 6.060 0.2 0.011 0.06 S-Oct.2018 0.1

Full service meals and snacks4, 5........................... 3.009 0.1 0.004 0.08 S-Sep.2018 0.1

Limited service meals and snacks4, 5....................... 2.581 0.2 0.006 0.09 S-Oct.2018 -0.1

Food at employee sites and schools5

....................... 0.182 0.2 0.000 0.22 S-Jan.2019 -0.2

Food at elementary and secondary schools4, 8, 6

....... 0.0 0.15 L-Jan.2019 0.1

Food from vending machines and mobile vendors4, 5. . .. 0.092 0.3 0.000 0.16 L-Dec.2018 0.3

Other food away from home4, 5.............................. 0.197 0.4 0.001 0.13 L-Nov.2018 0.5

Energy................................................................ 7.190 3.5 0.255 0.19 L-Sep.2017 4.3

Energy commodities............................................. 3.829 6.2 0.246 0.20 L-Sep.2017 8.9

Fuel oil and other fuels........................................ 0.188 1.4 0.003 0.55 S-Jan.2019 -1.7

Fuel oil........................................................ 0.113 2.1 0.002 0.86 S-Jan.2019 -1.3

Propane, kerosene, and firewood9

........................ 0.075 1.6 0.001 0.63 L-Nov.2017 1.6

Motor fuel....................................................... 3.641 6.4 0.244 0.20 L-Sep.2017 9.2

Gasoline (all types)......................................... 3.556 6.5 0.242 0.20 L-Sep.2017 9.2

Gasoline, unleaded regular6

............................ 6.9 0.44 L-Sep.2017 9.6

Gasoline, unleaded midgrade10, 6

...................... 5.3 0.43 L-Nov.2017 6.0

Gasoline, unleaded premium6.......................... 3.8 0.40 L-Nov.2017 4.3

Other motor fuels5.......................................... 0.085 3.5 0.003 0.21 L-Jan.2018 4.2

Energy services................................................... 3.361 0.3 0.009 0.34 L-Dec.2018 1.5

Electricity........................................................ 2.594 0.4 0.010 0.37 L-Dec.2018 0.4

Utility (piped) gas service..................................... 0.767 -0.1 -0.001 0.51 L-Dec.2018 5.1

All items less food and energy.................................... 79.446 0.1 0.117 0.04 – –

Commodities less food and energy commodities............ 19.624 -0.2 -0.042 0.09 – –

Household furnishings and supplies11...................... 3.394 0.0 -0.001 0.20 S-Dec.2018 0.0

Window and floor coverings and other linens4, 5........ 0.257 0.4 0.001 0.93 L-Jan.2019 3.8

Floor coverings4, 5........................................ 0.055 1.8 0.001 0.77 L-Feb.2018 2.4

Window coverings4, 5..................................... 0.046 -1.3 -0.001 1.73 S-Dec.2018 -2.1

Other linens4, 5............................................ 0.156 0.5 0.001 1.42 L-Jan.2019 5.3

Furniture and bedding...................................... 0.895 0.2 0.001 0.42 S-Jan.2019 -0.1

Bedroom furniture4....................................... 0.324 -0.5 -0.002 0.68 S-Nov.2018 -1.5

Living room, kitchen, and dining room furniture4, 5. .. 0.433 0.4 0.002 0.65 S-Jan.2019 0.2

Other furniture4, 5......................................... 0.128 3.5 0.005 0.74 S-Jan.2019 -1.0

Infants’ furniture4, 8, 6

..................................

Appliances5.................................................. 0.219 -0.7 -0.002 0.62 L-Jan.2019 1.4

Major appliances5........................................ 0.081 -2.1 -0.002 1.10 S-EVER –

Laundry equipment6

................................... -1.0 1.77 L-Dec.2018 -1.0

Other appliances5........................................ 0.134 -0.3 0.000 0.74 L-Jan.2019 1.3

Other household equipment and furnishings5

........... 0.507 -1.4 -0.007 0.58 S-Dec.2018 -1.5

Clocks, lamps, and decorator items4

.................. 0.280 -1.3 -0.004 0.83 S-Dec.2018 -3.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2019-

Mar. 2019

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2019-

Mar. 20191

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Indoor plants and flowers12............................. 0.094 -0.3 0.000 0.94 S-Jan.2019 -0.7

Dishes and flatware4, 5................................... 0.052 -3.7 -0.002 1.31 S-Jun.2018 -8.2

Nonelectric cookware and tableware5

................. 0.081 -0.8 -0.001 0.98 S-Nov.2018 -1.9

Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment and supplies5. . .. 0.676 -0.6 -0.004 0.45 S-May 2018 -0.9

Tools, hardware and supplies4, 5....................... 0.200 -0.7 -0.001 0.59 S-Nov.2018 -1.0

Outdoor equipment and supplies5...................... 0.313 -0.5 -0.002 0.56 S-May 2018 -0.8

Housekeeping supplies4

.................................... 0.839 0.7 0.006 0.29 L-Dec.2017 0.8

Household cleaning products4, 5........................ 0.331 0.8 0.003 0.39 L-Apr.2018 1.0

Household paper products4, 5........................... 0.222 1.8 0.004 0.45 L-Nov.2018 1.9

Miscellaneous household products4, 5................. 0.286 -0.3 -0.001 0.55 S-Sep.2018 -0.5

Apparel.......................................................... 3.065 -1.9 -0.060 0.51 S-Jan.1949 -1.9

Men’s and boys’ apparel................................... 0.784 -2.3 -0.018 0.92 S-Mar.2017 -2.3

Men’s apparel............................................. 0.603 -1.0 -0.006 0.95 S-Nov.2018 -1.4

Men’s suits, sport coats, and outerwear............ 0.112 0.4 0.000 2.00 S-Nov.2018 -0.4

Men’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories.......................................... 0.153 -1.0 -0.002 1.31 S-Jan.2019 -3.1

Men’s shirts and sweaters5

........................... 0.175 -1.0 -0.002 1.43 S-Nov.2018 -2.1

Men’s pants and shorts............................... 0.156 -0.3 0.000 1.30 S-Dec.2018 -0.5

Boys’ apparel............................................. 0.181 -4.8 -0.009 1.76 S-Oct.2017 -5.0

Women’s and girls’ apparel................................ 1.226 -2.4 -0.030 0.91 S-Sep.1998 -2.5

Women’s apparel......................................... 1.045 -2.0 -0.021 1.03 S-Mar.2018 -2.0

Women’s outerwear................................... 0.073 -3.8 -0.003 2.55 S-Oct.2018 -4.1

Women’s dresses...................................... 0.127 -3.7 -0.005 1.83 S-Aug.2017 -3.8

Women’s suits and separates5....................... 0.550 -4.0 -0.023 1.32 S-Dec.2004 -4.2

Women’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories5......................................... 0.283 2.9 0.008 1.25 L-Feb.2009 4.6

Girls’ apparel.............................................. 0.181 -4.6 -0.008 1.59 S-Jul.2016 -5.3

Footwear..................................................... 0.674 -2.0 -0.014 0.72 S-Mar.2003 -2.0

Men’s footwear4.......................................... 0.219 -1.3 -0.003 1.07 S-Jun.2018 -2.1

Boys’ and girls’ footwear................................ 0.162 -1.4 -0.002 1.46 S-Oct.2018 -1.4

Women’s footwear........................................ 0.293 -2.2 -0.007 0.92 S-Apr.2018 -2.2

Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel.............................. 0.138 -0.3 0.000 1.42 S-Jan.2019 -2.1

Jewelry and watches9

...................................... 0.243 0.9 0.002 1.34 L-Oct.2018 1.4

Watches4, 9................................................ 0.092 7.5 0.007 1.49 L-Oct.2018 9.1

Jewelry9

.................................................... 0.151 -4.7 -0.007 1.94 S-Jun.1991 -4.7

Transportation commodities less motor fuel11............. 6.621 0.1 0.009 0.12 L-Jan.2019 0.2

New vehicles................................................. 3.729 0.4 0.017 0.21 L-Jun.2018 0.4

New cars and trucks5, 6

.................................. 0.5 0.22 L-Dec.2017 0.6

New cars6............................................... 0.4 0.25 L-Jun.2018 0.4

New trucks13, 6

......................................... 0.4 0.23 L-Jan.2019 0.4

Used cars and trucks....................................... 2.397 -0.4 -0.009 0.02 L-Jan.2019 0.1

Motor vehicle parts and equipment4

...................... 0.382 0.2 0.001 0.33 L-Jan.2019 0.3

Tires4....................................................... 0.227 0.1 0.000 0.46 S-Nov.2018 0.1

Vehicle accessories other than tires4, 5................ 0.155 0.4 0.001 0.55 L-Jan.2019 0.4

Vehicle parts and equipment other than tires4, 6... 0.0 0.53 L-Jan.2019 0.7

Motor oil, coolant, and fluids4, 6...................... 5.2 0.90 L-EVER –

Medical care commodities.................................... 1.696 0.4 0.006 0.20 L-Nov.2018 0.5

Medicinal drugs11........................................... 1.638 0.5 0.008 0.21 L-Jun.2018 0.5

Prescription drugs........................................ 1.302 0.6 0.008 0.24 L-May 2018 1.1

Nonprescription drugs4, 11............................... 0.337 0.1 0.000 0.47 L-Nov.2018 0.4

Medical equipment and supplies4, 11..................... 0.057 -1.5 -0.001 0.58 S-Mar.2018 -2.0

Recreation commodities11.................................... 1.796 0.0 0.000 0.21 L-Jan.2019 0.3

Video and audio products11................................ 0.222 -1.7 -0.004 0.47 S-Feb.2018 -2.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2019-

Mar. 2019

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2019-

Mar. 20191

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Televisions................................................ 0.096 -4.2 -0.004 0.69 S-Nov.2016 -4.2

Other video equipment5................................. 0.027 0.0 0.000 0.78 S-Oct.2018 -0.8

Audio equipment4

........................................ 0.044 0.1 0.000 1.18 L-Jan.2019 3.2

Recorded music and music subscriptions4, 5......... 0.047 0.2 0.000 0.55 S-Jan.2019 0.2

Pets and pet products4..................................... 0.608 0.3 0.002 0.25 S-Nov.2018 0.1

Pet food4, 5, 6.............................................. 0.5 0.29 S-Jan.2019 0.5

Purchase of pets, pet supplies, accessories4, 5, 6

. . .. -0.1 0.53 S-Oct.2018 -0.3

Sporting goods.............................................. 0.493 1.0 0.005 0.48 L-Dec.2018 3.6

Sports vehicles including bicycles4..................... 0.286 1.6 0.005 0.74 L-Dec.2018 6.7

Sports equipment......................................... 0.200 -0.4 -0.001 0.43 L-Jan.2019 -0.2

Photographic equipment and supplies................... 0.032 0.0 0.000 0.81 L-Jan.2019 1.5

Film and photographic supplies4, 5, 6

...................

Photographic equipment5, 6

............................. 0.0 0.94 L-Jan.2019 1.4

Recreational reading materials4

........................... 0.115 0.1 0.000 0.86 L-Jan.2019 2.3

Newspapers and magazines4, 5........................ 0.070 0.5 0.000 0.94 L-Jan.2019 2.6

Recreational books4, 5................................... 0.045 -0.6 0.000 1.46 L-Jan.2019 1.9

Other recreational goods5

.................................. 0.326 -0.7 -0.002 0.48 S-Nov.2018 -0.7

Toys........................................................ 0.255 -1.2 -0.003 0.60 S-May 2018 -1.7

Toys, games, hobbies and playground

equipment5

, 6

......................................... 0.7 0.78 L-Dec.2018 1.2

Sewing machines, fabric and supplies4, 5............. 0.025 2.5 0.001 1.54 L-Dec.2018 7.1

Music instruments and accessories4, 5................ 0.035 0.6 0.000 0.52 L-Aug.2018 1.6

Education and communication commodities11............. 0.527 -0.1 0.000 0.41 L-Dec.2018 0.7

Educational books and supplies.......................... 0.130 -0.3 0.000 0.78 S-Jan.2019 -0.9

College textbooks4, 14, 6.................................. 0.0 0.69 S-Jan.2019 -1.3

Information technology commodities11................... 0.397 0.0 0.000 0.54 L-Dec.2018 0.6

Computers, peripherals, and smart home assistant

devices7

................................................. 0.304 0.5 0.002 0.64 L-Dec.2018 1.3

Computer software and accessories4, 5............... 0.024 -0.9 0.000 1.29 S-Jan.2019 -1.7

Telephone hardware, calculators, and other

consumer information items4, 5....................... 0.070 -1.8 -0.001 0.92 S-Oct.2018 -2.5

Alcoholic beverages........................................... 0.972 -0.1 -0.001 0.18 S-May 2017 -0.1

Alcoholic beverages at home.............................. 0.607 -0.4 -0.002 0.26 S-Jan.2015 -0.4

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages at home........ 0.270 -0.6 -0.002 0.35 S-Sep.2009 -0.9

Distilled spirits at home.................................. 0.082 -0.2 0.000 0.45 S-Oct.2018 -0.4

Whiskey at home4, 6

................................... 0.1 0.53 S-Dec.2018 -0.2

Distilled spirits, excluding whiskey, at home4, 6

. . .. -0.5 0.63 S-Jun.2018 -0.9

Wine at home............................................. 0.255 -0.4 -0.001 0.49 S-Jan.2018 -0.4

Alcoholic beverages away from home4.................. 0.365 0.2 0.001 0.19 L-Nov.2018 0.3

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages away from

home4

, 5, 6

............................................... 0.6 0.17 L-Nov.2018 0.6

Wine away from home4, 5, 6

............................. -0.4 0.19 S-Jan.2014 -0.4

Distilled spirits away from home4, 5, 6

.................. 0.4 0.19 L-Sep.2018 0.5

Other goods11.................................................. 1.553 0.5 0.008 0.19 – –

Tobacco and smoking products........................... 0.660 1.6 0.011 0.17 L-Apr.2017 3.8

Cigarettes5................................................ 0.585 1.8 0.010 0.18 L-Apr.2017 4.0

Tobacco products other than cigarettes4, 5........... 0.060 -0.1 0.000 0.41 S-Dec.2018 -0.1

Personal care products4.................................... 0.684 -0.4 -0.002 0.26 – –

Hair, dental, shaving, and miscellaneous personal

care products4, 5....................................... 0.380 -0.4 -0.002 0.35 S-Apr.2018 -0.6

Cosmetics, perfume, bath, nail preparations and

implements4............................................ 0.298 -0.3 -0.001 0.41 L-Jan.2019 0.3

Miscellaneous personal goods5

........................... 0.208 0.1 0.000 0.88 S-Dec.2018 -1.3

Stationery, stationery supplies, gift wrap6

............. 0.3 0.93 S-Dec.2018 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2019-

Mar. 2019

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2019-

Mar. 20191

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Infants’ equipment4, 8, 6

.................................. -0.7 1.15 L-Dec.2018 0.1

Services less energy services.................................. 59.822 0.3 0.152 0.04 L-Sep.2018 0.3

Shelter........................................................... 33.293 0.4 0.118 0.07 L-Aug.2017 0.4

Rent of shelter15............................................. 32.919 0.4 0.134 0.07 L-Mar.2018 0.4

Rent of primary residence............................... 7.932 0.4 0.033 0.04 L-Apr.2018 0.4

Lodging away from home5.............................. 0.962 0.8 0.008 1.80 S-Jan.2019 0.5

Housing at school, excluding board15............... 0.114 0.2 0.000 0.05 – –

Other lodging away from home including hotels

and motels........................................... 0.848 0.9 0.008 2.03 S-Jan.2019 0.5

Owners’ equivalent rent of residences15.............. 24.026 0.3 0.077 0.04 – –

Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence15. .. 22.685 0.3 0.073 0.04 – –

Tenants’ and household insurance4, 5................. 0.373 -0.2 -0.001 0.12 S-Oct.2018 -0.2

Water and sewer and trash collection services5........ 1.094 0.3 0.003 0.09 L-Dec.2018 0.3

Water and sewerage maintenance..................... 0.826 0.3 0.003 0.11 L-Dec.2018 0.4

Garbage and trash collection4, 13....................... 0.268 0.2 0.001 0.22 S-Jan.2019 -2.1

Household operations4, 5................................... 0.888 -0.2 -0.001 0.16 L-Jan.2019 0.3

Domestic services4, 5..................................... 0.305 0.2 0.001 0.06 – –

Gardening and lawncare services4, 5.................. 0.298 -0.003 0.17 – –

Moving, storage, freight expense5

...................... 0.102 1.8 0.002 0.65 L-Jan.2019 2.6

Repair of household items4, 5........................... 0.107 0.0 0.000 0.16 L-Jan.2019 1.2

Medical care services...................................... 7.000 0.3 0.019 0.10 L-Jan.2019 0.3

Professional services.................................... 3.259 -0.1 -0.004 0.11 S-Aug.2018 -0.2

Physicians’ services................................... 1.735 -0.4 -0.007 0.21 S-Nov.2017 -0.5

Dental services......................................... 0.790 -0.1 -0.001 0.13 – –

Eyeglasses and eye care4, 9......................... 0.317 -0.1 0.000 0.24 S-May 2018 -0.4

Services by other medical professionals4, 9........ 0.416 0.3 0.001 0.09 S-Jan.2019 -0.4

Hospital and related services........................... 2.617 0.3 0.008 0.15 L-Dec.2018 0.5

Hospital services16..................................... 2.335 0.3 0.007 0.17 L-Dec.2018 0.5

Inpatient hospital services16, 6

..................... 0.5 0.23 L-Dec.2018 0.5

Outpatient hospital services9, 6.................... 0.2 0.22 L-Dec.2018 0.5

Nursing homes and adult day services16........... 0.195 0.2 0.000 0.11 L-Jan.2019 0.4

Care of invalids and elderly at home4, 8............ 0.088 0.2 0.000 0.20 S-Dec.2018 -0.1

Health insurance4, 8...................................... 1.124 1.3 0.014 0.11 – –

Transportation services..................................... 5.962 0.0 -0.002 0.13 L-Nov.2018 0.0

Leased cars and trucks4, 14............................. 0.640 -0.6 -0.004 0.36 L-Jan.2019 -0.2

Car and truck rental5..................................... 0.108 -1.9 -0.002 1.67 L-Dec.2018 0.0

Motor vehicle maintenance and repair4

............... 1.130 0.8 0.009 0.14 L-Sep.2011 0.8

Motor vehicle body work4

............................. 0.056 0.0 0.000 0.13 S-Nov.2018 0.0

Motor vehicle maintenance and servicing4

......... 0.638 0.9 0.005 0.24 L-Jan.2009 0.9

Motor vehicle repair4, 5................................ 0.371 0.7 0.003 0.16 L-Sep.2018 0.7

Motor vehicle insurance................................. 2.407 -0.1 -0.003 0.14 S-Jan.2019 -0.2

Motor vehicle fees4, 5.................................... 0.545 0.0 0.000 0.20 S-Dec.2018 -0.2

State motor vehicle registration and license

fees4, 5................................................ 0.280 -0.1 0.000 0.07 S-Sep.2018 -0.1

Parking and other fees4, 5............................ 0.247 0.2 0.001 0.34 S-Dec.2018 -0.4

Parking fees and tolls5, 6........................... 0.1 0.17 S-Jul.2018 -0.1

Automobile service clubs4, 5, 6.....................

Public transportation..................................... 1.133 -0.2 -0.003 0.45 S-Jan.2019 -0.8

Airline fares............................................. 0.684 -0.6 -0.004 0.68 S-Jan.2019 -0.9

Other intercity transportation......................... 0.164 1.1 0.002 0.71 L-Jan.2018 1.1

Intercity bus fare4, 7, 6

............................... 9.0 1.53 L-EVER –

Intercity train fare4, 7, 6

..............................

Ship fare4, 5, 6

........................................ 1.7 0.77 L-Apr.2017 2.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2019-

Mar. 2019

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2019-

Mar. 20191

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

Intracity transportation4

............................... 0.278 0.3 0.001 0.34 – –

Intracity mass transit4, 11, 6

......................... 0.2 0.05 L-Jul.2018 0.4

Recreation services11....................................... 3.892 0.4 0.016 0.22 L-Nov.2018 0.5

Video and audio services11............................. 1.605 -0.2 -0.003 0.14 – –

Cable and satellite television service13............. 1.515 -0.3 -0.004 0.13 – –

Video discs and other media, including rental of

video4

, 5............................................... 0.091 1.0 0.001 0.99 S-Dec.2018 -3.0

Video discs and other media4, 5, 6

................ 0.7 1.95 S-Dec.2018 -4.7

Rental of video discs and other media4, 5, 6

. . . .. 2.4 0.19 L-Oct.2011 3.1

Pet services including veterinary5

...................... 0.420 0.2 0.001 0.22 S-Dec.2018 0.2

Pet services4, 5, 6....................................... -0.8 0.14 S-Jul.2018 -1.2

Veterinarian services5, 6............................... 0.6 0.17 S-Jan.2019 0.4

Photographers and photo processing4, 5.............. 0.038 -0.3 0.000 0.38 S-Jan.2019 -1.8

Photographer fees4, 5, 6

............................... -1.3 0.04 L-Sep.2018 0.6

Photo processing4, 5, 6................................. 1.3 0.61 S-Jan.2019 -1.3

Other recreation services5............................... 1.827 1.0 0.018 0.39 L-Feb.2017 1.0

Club membership for shopping clubs, fraternal, or

other organizations, or participant sports

fees4, 5................................................ 0.685 -0.1 -0.001 0.28 S-Dec.2018 -0.4

Admissions............................................. 0.647 2.4 0.015 0.75 L-Jun.1984 2.7

Admission to movies, theaters, and

concerts

4

, 5, 6

...................................... 0.5 0.63 L-Jun.2018 1.0

Admission to sporting events4, 5, 6

................ 5.2 1.92 L-Jan.2017 5.5

Fees for lessons or instructions4, 9.................. 0.219 0.7 0.002 0.49 L-Oct.2018 0.7

Education and communication services11................ 6.038 0.1 0.007 0.08 S-Dec.2018 0.1

Tuition, other school fees, and childcare.............. 2.911 0.5 0.015 0.08 L-Jan.2015 0.5

College tuition and fees............................... 1.615 0.8 0.012 0.13 L-Aug.2011 1.2

Elementary and high school tuition and fees. . . . .. 0.336 0.3 0.001 0.06 S-Jan.2019 0.3

Child care and nursery school12..................... 0.808 0.2 0.002 0.07 S-Oct.2018 -0.4

Technical and business school tuition and fees5... 0.032 -0.4 0.000 0.11 S-Jan.2019 -0.5

Postage and delivery services5......................... 0.113 0.2 0.000 0.05 S-Dec.2018 0.0

Postage................................................. 0.099 0.2 0.000 0.00 S-Dec.2018 0.2

Delivery services5

...................................... 0.014 0.5 0.000 0.34 S-Jan.2019 -0.6

Telephone services4, 5................................... 2.219 0.0 0.000 0.07 – –

Wireless telephone services4, 5...................... 1.647 -0.1 -0.002 0.08 – –

Land-line telephone services4, 11.................... 0.573 0.3 0.002 0.17 – –

Internet services and electronic information

providers5

............................................... 0.786 -1.1 -0.009 0.29 S-Aug.2015 -1.1

Other personal services4, 11............................... 1.654 -0.3 -0.004 0.11 S-Feb.2015 -0.3

Personal care services4

................................. 0.632 0.1 0.001 0.17 S-Jan.2019 0.1

Haircuts and other personal care services4, 5...... 0.632 0.1 0.001 0.17 S-Jan.2019 0.1

Miscellaneous personal services....................... 1.022 -0.8 -0.008 0.13 S-EVER –

Legal services4, 9...................................... 0.308 0.0 0.000 0.06 S-Jan.2019 -1.1

Funeral expenses4, 9.................................. 0.128 0.2 0.000 0.20 L-Oct.2018 0.2

Laundry and dry cleaning services4, 5............... 0.241 0.8 0.002 0.24 L-Jun.2015 0.8

Apparel services other than laundry and dry

cleaning4

, 5........................................... 0.029 0.6 0.000 0.33 L-Dec.2018 0.8

Financial services9..................................... 0.244 -3.7 -0.009 0.33 S-Nov.2008 -6.0

Checking account and other bank

services4, 5, 6...................................... 0.0 0.05 – –

Tax return preparation and other accounting

fees5

, 6

.............................................. -7.8 0.34 S-EVER –

Special aggregate indexes

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019, 1-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

One Month

Seasonally

adjusted

percent

change

Feb. 2019-

Mar. 2019

Seasonally

adjusted

effect on All

Items

Feb. 2019-

Mar. 20191

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

seasonally adjusted

change since:3

Date Percent

change

All items less food.................................................. 86.636 0.4 0.372 0.04 L-Oct.2018 0.4

All items less shelter................................................ 66.707 0.4 0.292 0.05 L-Oct.2018 0.4

All items less food and shelter.................................... 53.343 0.5 0.255 0.06 L-Oct.2018 0.5

All items less food, shelter, and energy.......................... 46.153 0.0 -0.001 0.06 L-Jan.2019 0.2

All items less food, shelter, energy, and used cars and

trucks............................................................... 43.756 0.0 0.008 0.06 – –

All items less medical care........................................ 91.304 0.4 0.384 0.04 L-Jan.2018 0.4

All items less energy................................................ 92.810 0.2 0.154 0.04 – –

Commodities......................................................... 36.817 0.7 0.242 0.06 L-Sep.2017 0.9

Commodities less food, energy, and used cars and

trucks............................................................ 17.227 -0.2 -0.033 0.11 S-Aug.2018 -0.3

Commodities less food.......................................... 23.453 0.9 0.205 0.09 L-Sep.2017 1.3

Commodities less food and beverages........................ 22.480 0.9 0.206 0.09 L-Sep.2017 1.4

Services.............................................................. 63.183 0.3 0.160 0.05 L-Dec.2018 0.3

Services less rent of shelter15.................................. 30.264 0.2 0.066 0.06 L-Dec.2018 0.3

Services less medical care services........................... 56.183 0.3 0.174 0.05 L-Dec.2018 0.3

Durables.............................................................. 9.975 0.0 -0.004 0.11 L-Jan.2019 0.2

Nondurables......................................................... 26.842 0.8 0.224 0.09 L-Sep.2017 1.3

Nondurables less food........................................... 13.477 1.6 0.214 0.15 L-Sep.2017 2.5

Nondurables less food and beverages........................ 12.505 1.7 0.215 0.16 L-Sep.2017 2.7

Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel............. 9.440 2.9 0.278 0.11 L-Sep.2017 3.4

Nondurables less food and apparel............................ 10.412 2.6 0.277 0.10 L-Sep.2017 3.1

Housing............................................................... 42.217 0.3 0.131 0.07 L-Dec.2018 0.3

Education and communication5

................................... 6.565 0.1 0.006 0.08 S-Dec.2018 0.1

Education5

......................................................... 3.041 0.5 0.015 0.09 L-Jan.2015 0.5

Communication5

.................................................. 3.524 -0.2 -0.008 0.10 S-Nov.2018 -1.2

Information and information processing5

................... 3.411 -0.3 -0.009 0.10 S-Nov.2018 -1.2

Information technology, hardware and services17......... 1.192 -0.7 -0.009 0.25 S-Oct.2018 -0.7

Recreation5

.......................................................... 5.688 0.3 0.016 0.15 L-Jan.2019 0.3

Video and audio5

................................................. 1.827 -0.4 -0.007 0.13 S-Sep.2016 -0.5

Pets, pet products and services5

............................... 1.027 0.2 0.002 0.18 S-Nov.2018 0.1

Photography5

...................................................... 0.072 -0.2 0.000 0.45 L-Nov.2018 1.0

Food and beverages................................................ 14.337 0.2 0.036 0.08 S-Jan.2019 0.2

Domestically produced farm food.............................. 6.089 0.5 0.028 0.13 L-Mar.2017 0.5

Other services....................................................... 11.584 0.1 0.016 0.09 – –

Apparel less footwear.............................................. 2.392 -1.9 -0.046 0.57 S-EVER –

Fuels and utilities.................................................... 4.643 0.3 0.015 0.25 L-Dec.2018 0.9

Household energy................................................ 3.549 0.3 0.011 0.32 L-Dec.2018 1.0

Medical care......................................................... 8.696 0.3 0.025 0.10 L-Dec.2018 0.3

Transportation....................................................... 16.224 1.5 0.251 0.08 L-Sep.2017 2.1

Private transportation............................................ 15.091 1.7 0.253 0.08 L-Sep.2017 2.3

New and used motor vehicles5

.............................. 6.987 0.0 0.002 0.12 L-Jan.2019 0.1

Utilities and public transportation................................. 9.322 0.2 0.023 0.14 L-Dec.2018 0.3

Household furnishings and operations........................... 4.282 0.0 -0.001 0.16 S-Jun.2018 -0.1

Other goods and services.......................................... 3.207 0.1 0.004 0.12 S-Dec.2018 0.0

Personal care4

.................................................... 2.547 -0.3 -0.007 0.14 S-Oct.2010 -0.3

1 The ’effect’ of an item category is a measure of that item’s contribution to the All items price change. For example, if the Food index had an effect of

0.40, and the All items index rose 1.2 percent, then the increase in food prices contributed 0.40 / 1.2, or 33.3 percent, to that All items increase.

Said another way, had food prices been unchanged for that month the change in the All items index would have been 1.2 percent minus 0.40, or 0.8

percent. Effects can be negative as well. For example, if the effect of food was a negative 0.1, and the All items index rose 0.5 percent, the All items

index actually would have been 0.1 percent higher (or 0.6 percent) had food prices been unchanged. Since food prices fell while prices overall were

rising, the contribution of food to the All items price change was negative (in this case, -0.1 / 0.5, or minus 20 percent).

2 A statistic’s margin of error is often expressed as its point estimate plus or minus two standard errors. For example, if a CPI category rose 0.6

percent, and its standard error was 0.15 percent, the margin of error on this item’s 1-month percent change would be 0.6 percent, plus or minus 0.3

percent.
3

If the current seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change is greater than the previous published 1-month percent change, then this column

identifies the closest prior month with a 1-month percent change as (L)arge as or (L)arger than the current 1-month change. If the current 1-month

percent change is smaller than the previous published 1-month percent change, the most recent month with a change as (S)mall or (S)maller than

the current month change is identified. If the current and previous published 1-month percent changes are equal, a dash will appear. Standard

numerical comparisons are used. For example, 0.8% is greater than 0.6%, -0.4% is less than -0.2%, and -0.2% is less than 0.0%. Note that a

(L)arger change can be a smaller decline, for example, a -0.2% change is larger than a -0.4% change, but still represents a decline in the price

index. Likewise, (S)maller changes can be increases, for example, a 0.6% change is smaller than 0.8%, but still represents an increase in the price

index. In this context, a -0.2% change is considered to be smaller than a 0.0% change.

4 Not seasonally adjusted.

5

Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.

6 Special indexes based on a substantially smaller sample. These series do not contribute to the all items index aggregation and therefore do not

have a relative importance or effect.

7

Indexes on a December 2007=100 base.

8

Indexes on a December 2005=100 base.

9

Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.

10 Indexes on a December 1993=100 base.

11 Indexes on a December 2009=100 base.

12 Indexes on a December 1990=100 base.

13 Indexes on a December 1983=100 base.

14 Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.

15 Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.

16 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.

17 Indexes on a December 1988=100 base.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019, 12-month analysis table

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2018-

Mar. 2019

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2018-

Mar. 20191

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

, 3

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:4

Date Percent

change

All items................................................................. 100.000 1.9 – L-Dec.2018 1.9

Food.................................................................. 13.364 2.1 0.282 – L-Mar.2015 2.3

Food at home..................................................... 7.304 1.4 0.104 – L-Mar.2015 1.9

Cereals and bakery products................................. 0.962 1.8 0.017 – – –

Cereals and cereal products............................... 0.308 1.9 0.006 – L-Jul.2012 3.2

Flour and prepared flour mixes......................... 0.040 -0.4 0.000 – L-Sep.2018 1.8

Breakfast cereal.......................................... 0.149 1.9 0.003 – L-Jan.2014 1.9

Rice, pasta, cornmeal.................................... 0.118 2.7 0.003 – L-Dec.2015 2.7

Rice5, 6

.................................................. 2.5 – L-Dec.2018 3.2

Bakery products.......................................... 0.654 1.8 0.011 – S-Jan.2019 1.7

Bread5

................................................... 0.193 1.8 0.004 – S-Nov.2018 1.6

White bread6......................................... 1.5 – S-Sep.2018 -0.2

Bread other than white6............................ 3.4 – S-Jan.2019 2.9

Fresh biscuits, rolls, muffins5

......................... 0.092 2.0 0.002 – S-Dec.2018 1.5

Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies....................... 0.164 0.8 0.001 – S-Jan.2019 0.3

Cookies6.............................................. -0.7 – S-Jan.2019 -1.1

Fresh cakes and cupcakes6....................... 3.1 – L-Dec.2018 4.7

Other bakery products................................ 0.205 2.3 0.005 – L-Apr.2013 2.9

Fresh sweetrolls, coffeecakes, doughnuts6

...... 4.1 – L-Nov.2015 4.2

Crackers, bread, and cracker products6

. . . . . . . .. 1.1 – S-Dec.2018 1.1

Frozen and refrigerated bakery products, pies,

tarts, turnovers6

................................... 2.4 – L-Nov.2012 3.9

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs................................ 1.596 -0.2 -0.003 – S-Dec.2018 -0.4

Meats, poultry, and fish.................................... 1.504 0.3 0.005 – S-Dec.2018 -0.3

Meats...................................................... 0.937 0.2 0.002 – S-Jan.2019 0.1

Beef and veal.......................................... 0.426 1.2 0.005 – S-Dec.2018 -0.6

Uncooked ground beef............................. 0.170 -2.1 -0.004 – S-Dec.2018 -2.5

Uncooked beef roasts5

............................. 0.061 4.3 0.003 – L-Aug.2018 4.4

Uncooked beef steaks5............................. 0.158 3.1 0.005 – L-Sep.2015 3.6

Uncooked other beef and veal5

................... 0.037 3.2 0.001 – L-Nov.2018 3.9

Pork...................................................... 0.290 -0.6 -0.002 – L-Jun.2018 -0.6

Bacon, breakfast sausage, and related

products5.......................................... 0.132 -1.5 -0.002 – S-Dec.2018 -1.9

Bacon and related products6

.................... -0.4 – L-Mar.2018 0.0

Breakfast sausage and related products5, 6

... -2.3 – S-Dec.2018 -3.2

Ham................................................... 0.050 2.3 0.001 – L-May 2018 3.2

Ham, excluding canned6

........................ 2.5 – L-May 2018 4.5

Pork chops........................................... 0.043 -0.3 0.000 – – –

Other pork including roasts, steaks, and ribs5

... 0.065 -1.5 -0.001 – L-Jan.2019 -1.5

Other meats............................................ 0.221 -0.7 -0.002 – S-Jan.2019 -0.8

Frankfurters6

......................................... 0.1 – S-Jan.2019 0.0

Lunchmeats5, 6...................................... -1.0 – S-Jan.2019 -1.1

Lamb and organ meats6...........................

Lamb and mutton5, 6................................

Poultry................................................... 0.315 -1.0 -0.003 – S-Dec.2018 -1.4

Chicken5

.............................................. 0.258 -0.9 -0.002 – S-Feb.2017 -1.0

Fresh whole chicken6............................ -1.2 – S-Jan.2019 -1.7

Fresh and frozen chicken parts6............... -0.7 – S-Jan.2017 -0.7

Other uncooked poultry including turkey5........ 0.057 -1.5 -0.001 – S-Jan.2019 -4.3

Fish and seafood...................................... 0.252 2.7 0.007 – S-Sep.2018 2.7

Fresh fish and seafood5

............................ 0.130 2.6 0.003 – S-Jul.2018 2.4

Processed fish and seafood5

...................... 0.122 2.8 0.003 – S-Jan.2019 2.8

Shelf stable fish and seafood6

.................. 3.3 – S-Jun.2018 2.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2018-

Mar. 2019

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2018-

Mar. 20191

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

, 3

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:4

Date Percent

change

Frozen fish and seafood6........................ 3.3 – S-Jan.2019 1.9

Eggs........................................................ 0.092 -8.0 -0.008 – S-Jul.2017 -9.5

Dairy and related products................................... 0.724 0.5 0.004 – L-Aug.2017 0.5

Milk5

........................................................... 0.200 2.7 0.005 – L-Dec.2014 4.3

Fresh whole milk6........................................ 2.2 – L-Dec.2014 5.2

Fresh milk other than whole5, 6......................... 3.1 – L-Dec.2014 4.1

Cheese and related products.............................. 0.232 -2.0 -0.005 – S-Jan.2019 -2.1

Ice cream and related products........................... 0.107 0.1 0.000 – S-Jan.2019 -0.1

Other dairy and related products5

........................ 0.186 1.4 0.003 – L-May 2017 1.4

Fruits and vegetables......................................... 1.305 3.9 0.050 – L-Mar.2013 4.4

Fresh fruits and vegetables................................ 1.034 4.3 0.043 – L-Jan.2018 4.8

Fresh fruits................................................ 0.543 1.4 0.007 – L-Jul.2018 1.9

Apples................................................... 0.076 2.1 0.002 – L-Oct.2017 3.7

Bananas................................................. 0.079 -0.7 -0.001 – L-Jan.2019 -0.3

Citrus fruits5

............................................ 0.149 2.0 0.003 – L-Jan.2019 3.1

Oranges, including tangerines6.................... 2.7 – L-Dec.2018 3.6

Other fresh fruits5

...................................... 0.238 1.5 0.003 – L-Jul.2018 3.0

Fresh vegetables......................................... 0.491 7.7 0.035 – L-Aug.2013 8.1

Potatoes................................................. 0.079 8.0 0.006 – L-Apr.2014 8.4

Lettuce.................................................. 0.065 18.9 0.011 – L-Mar.2013 22.2

Tomatoes............................................... 0.080 1.0 0.001 – L-Dec.2018 1.6

Other fresh vegetables................................ 0.267 7.1 0.018 – L-Feb.2016 7.2

Processed fruits and vegetables5

...................... 0.271 2.7 0.007 – L-Aug.2012 3.9

Canned fruits and vegetables5....................... 0.151 6.0 0.009 – L-Apr.2012 6.5

Canned fruits5, 6..................................... 8.6 – L-Mar.2009 10.7

Canned vegetables5, 6.............................. 5.0 – L-Mar.2014 5.1

Frozen fruits and vegetables5

........................ 0.077 -1.3 -0.001 – L-Nov.2018 -0.8

Frozen vegetables6................................. 0.0 – L-Oct.2017 1.2

Other processed fruits and vegetables including

dried5................................................. 0.043 -1.4 -0.001 – L-Jan.2019 -1.2

Dried beans, peas, and lentils5, 6................. -4.5 – L-Dec.2018 -4.1

Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials. . . . . . . .. 0.884 2.6 0.022 – S-Jan.2019 2.2

Juices and nonalcoholic drinks5

........................... 0.633 4.0 0.025 – S-Jan.2019 3.3

Carbonated drinks........................................ 0.267 5.4 0.014 – L-Jan.2019 5.5

Frozen noncarbonated juices and drinks5

............. 0.009 1.0 0.000 – L-Nov.2018 1.9

Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices and drinks5......... 0.358 3.0 0.011 – S-Jan.2019 1.8

Beverage materials including coffee and tea5........... 0.251 -0.9 -0.002 – S-Dec.2018 -1.2

Coffee...................................................... 0.161 -1.7 -0.003 – S-Dec.2018 -2.0

Roasted coffee6

........................................ -2.0 – S-Jul.2018 -3.0

Instant coffee6.......................................... -1.0 – S-Jan.2019 -1.0

Other beverage materials including tea5.............. 0.090 0.5 0.000 – L-Sep.2018 1.3

Other food at home............................................ 1.833 0.7 0.014 – L-Nov.2017 0.9

Sugar and sweets........................................... 0.279 1.6 0.004 – L-Feb.2018 1.6

Sugar and artificial sweeteners......................... 0.042 -0.7 0.000 – L-Aug.2018 -0.6

Candy and chewing gum5

............................... 0.184 2.3 0.004 – L-Dec.2015 2.9

Other sweets5

............................................. 0.054 0.9 0.000 – L-Jan.2018 2.4

Fats and oils................................................. 0.214 0.7 0.002 – L-Apr.2018 1.0

Butter and margarine5

................................... 0.061 3.4 0.002 – L-Dec.2017 3.5

Butter6

................................................... 5.8 – L-Dec.2017 6.3

Margarine6

.............................................. 0.0 – L-Jan.2019 0.5

Salad dressing5........................................... 0.052 0.5 0.000 – L-Jan.2019 1.3

Other fats and oils including peanut butter5

. . . . . . . . .. 0.101 -0.8 -0.001 – L-Jan.2019 -0.4

Peanut butter5, 6

....................................... -1.0 – S-Sep.2018 -1.3

Other foods................................................ 1.340 0.6 0.008 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2018-

Mar. 2019

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2018-

Mar. 20191

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

, 3

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:4

Date Percent

change

Soups.................................................... 0.081 0.5 0.000 – L-Feb.2018 0.9

Frozen and freeze dried prepared foods........... 0.234 -0.6 -0.001 – S-Jan.2019 -0.6

Snacks.................................................. 0.310 0.8 0.003 – S-Jan.2019 0.4

Spices, seasonings, condiments, sauces........... 0.272 1.5 0.004 – L-Nov.2018 1.6

Salt and other seasonings and spices5, 6

........ 0.2 – S-Jan.2019 -0.2

Olives, pickles, relishes5, 6.........................

Sauces and gravies5, 6

............................. 1.0 – L-Oct.2018 1.5

Other condiments6.................................. 1.8 – L-Dec.2017 2.0

Baby food5.............................................. 0.051 4.5 0.002 – S-Oct.2018 3.6

Other miscellaneous foods5.......................... 0.393 -0.1 0.000 – L-Jan.2019 0.2

Prepared salads7, 6

................................. -2.3 – L-Jan.2019 -0.8

Food away from home........................................... 6.060 3.0 0.178 – L-Jun.2015 3.0

Full service meals and snacks5.............................. 3.009 2.8 0.084 – – –

Limited service meals and snacks5.......................... 2.581 3.1 0.079 – L-Feb.2018 3.1

Food at employee sites and schools5....................... 0.182 2.2 0.004 – – –

Food at elementary and secondary schools8, 6......... 1.9 – L-Jan.2019 2.0

Food from vending machines and mobile vendors5

....... 0.092 4.0 0.004 – L-Dec.2018 4.2

Other food away from home5

................................ 0.197 3.9 0.007 – L-Dec.2018 4.0

Energy................................................................ 7.190 -0.4 -0.030 – L-Dec.2018 -0.3

Energy commodities............................................. 3.829 -0.6 -0.027 – L-Nov.2018 5.4

Fuel oil and other fuels........................................ 0.188 -0.7 -0.001 – L-Dec.2018 1.3

Fuel oil........................................................ 0.113 -0.4 0.000 – L-Dec.2018 1.9

Propane, kerosene, and firewood9

........................ 0.075 -1.1 -0.001 – L-Dec.2018 0.5

Motor fuel....................................................... 3.641 -0.6 -0.026 – L-Nov.2018 5.2

Gasoline (all types)......................................... 3.556 -0.7 -0.028 – L-Nov.2018 5.0

Gasoline, unleaded regular6

............................ -0.7 – L-Nov.2018 4.6

Gasoline, unleaded midgrade10, 6

...................... -0.6 – L-Dec.2018 -0.2

Gasoline, unleaded premium6

.......................... -0.7 – L-Dec.2018 1.3

Other motor fuels5

.......................................... 0.085 2.3 0.002 – L-Dec.2018 8.8

Energy services................................................... 3.361 -0.1 -0.003 – L-Jan.2019 1.3

Electricity........................................................ 2.594 0.3 0.008 – L-Jan.2019 0.4

Utility (piped) gas service..................................... 0.767 -1.4 -0.011 – L-Jan.2019 4.3

All items less food and energy.................................... 79.446 2.0 1.611 – S-Feb.2018 1.8

Commodities less food and energy commodities............ 19.624 0.0 -0.008 – S-Oct.2018 -0.1

Household furnishings and supplies11...................... 3.394 1.5 0.050 – – –

Window and floor coverings and other linens5

.......... 0.257 -1.8 -0.005 – L-Jan.2019 -1.2

Floor coverings5

.......................................... 0.055 0.9 0.000 – L-Jan.2019 3.1

Window coverings5

....................................... 0.046 -3.6 -0.002 – L-Nov.2018 -3.6

Other linens5

.............................................. 0.156 -2.2 -0.004 – L-Jan.2019 -1.6

Furniture and bedding...................................... 0.895 3.3 0.029 – L-Jun.1996 3.6

Bedroom furniture........................................ 0.324 1.1 0.003 – S-Dec.2018 0.7

Living room, kitchen, and dining room furniture5

. . . .. 0.433 4.4 0.019 – L-EVER –

Other furniture5

........................................... 0.128 5.1 0.007 – L-EVER –

Infants’ furniture8, 6

....................................

Appliances5.................................................. 0.219 4.8 0.010 – S-Dec.2018 4.7

Major appliances5........................................ 0.081 8.8 0.007 – S-Oct.2018 8.1

Laundry equipment6

................................... 8.8 – S-Jan.2019 7.2

Other appliances5

........................................ 0.134 2.6 0.003 – S-Dec.2018 2.2

Other household equipment and furnishings5

........... 0.507 -3.2 -0.017 – S-Dec.2018 -4.9

Clocks, lamps, and decorator items.................... 0.280 -2.9 -0.008 – S-Jan.2019 -4.7

Indoor plants and flowers12............................. 0.094 -0.8 -0.001 – S-Dec.2016 -1.1

Dishes and flatware5..................................... 0.052 -10.7 -0.006 – S-Aug.2018 -12.8

Nonelectric cookware and tableware5

................. 0.081 -1.6 -0.001 – S-Nov.2018 -3.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2018-

Mar. 2019

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2018-

Mar. 20191

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

, 3

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:4

Date Percent

change

Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment and supplies5. . .. 0.676 1.2 0.008 – S-Dec.2018 1.1

Tools, hardware and supplies5

......................... 0.200 1.0 0.002 – S-Nov.2018 -0.3

Outdoor equipment and supplies5...................... 0.313 1.5 0.005 – S-Jan.2019 1.3

Housekeeping supplies..................................... 0.839 2.9 0.024 – L-Dec.2018 3.1

Household cleaning products5.......................... 0.331 3.3 0.011 – L-Nov.2011 3.5

Household paper products5............................. 0.222 4.8 0.011 – L-Feb.2012 5.0

Miscellaneous household products5

................... 0.286 0.9 0.002 – S-Jun.2018 0.8

Apparel.......................................................... 3.065 -2.2 -0.070 – S-Aug.2003 -2.7

Men’s and boys’ apparel................................... 0.784 1.1 0.009 – S-Jan.2019 0.8

Men’s apparel............................................. 0.603 -0.2 -0.001 – S-Jan.2019 -2.0

Men’s suits, sport coats, and outerwear............ 0.112 3.5 0.004 – L-Mar.2017 4.0

Men’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories.......................................... 0.153 2.0 0.003 – S-Jan.2019 0.1

Men’s shirts and sweaters5

........................... 0.175 -2.7 -0.005 – S-Jan.2019 -3.5

Men’s pants and shorts............................... 0.156 -2.3 -0.004 – S-Jan.2019 -2.5

Boys’ apparel............................................. 0.181 6.2 0.010 – S-Sep.2018 2.7

Women’s and girls’ apparel................................ 1.226 -4.4 -0.058 – S-May 2008 -5.0

Women’s apparel......................................... 1.045 -4.6 -0.052 – S-Mar.2002 -5.2

Women’s outerwear................................... 0.073 2.1 0.002 – S-Nov.2018 -2.4

Women’s dresses...................................... 0.127 -7.7 -0.011 – S-Dec.2015 -9.5

Women’s suits and separates5

....................... 0.550 -6.2 -0.037 – S-Feb.2015 -6.2

Women’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and

accessories5......................................... 0.283 -1.5 -0.005 – L-Dec.2018 -1.3

Girls’ apparel.............................................. 0.181 -2.9 -0.005 – S-Dec.2018 -4.3

Footwear..................................................... 0.674 -1.7 -0.011 – S-Jan.2018 -2.3

Men’s footwear............................................ 0.219 -1.2 -0.003 – S-Dec.2017 -2.5

Boys’ and girls’ footwear................................ 0.162 3.6 0.006 – S-Dec.2018 -1.9

Women’s footwear........................................ 0.293 -4.7 -0.015 – S-Jun.2014 -5.8

Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel.............................. 0.138 2.5 0.003 – S-Sep.2018 1.1

Jewelry and watches9

...................................... 0.243 -4.8 -0.012 – S-Mar.2003 -5.4

Watches9.................................................. 0.092 1.9 0.002 – L-Oct.2018 7.3

Jewelry9.................................................... 0.151 -9.0 -0.014 – S-EVER –

Transportation commodities less motor fuel11............. 6.621 0.7 0.046 – – –

New vehicles................................................. 3.729 0.7 0.027 – L-Jan.2017 0.9

New cars and trucks5, 6

.................................. 0.7 – L-Jan.2017 0.9

New cars6............................................... 1.0 – L-Oct.2018 1.2

New trucks13, 6......................................... 0.6 – L-Feb.2017 0.7

Used cars and trucks....................................... 2.397 0.4 0.011 – S-Oct.2018 0.4

Motor vehicle parts and equipment....................... 0.382 1.8 0.007 – S-Oct.2018 1.2

Tires........................................................ 0.227 1.1 0.002 – L-Dec.2018 1.3

Vehicle accessories other than tires5

.................. 0.155 2.8 0.004 – S-Jul.2018 2.7

Vehicle parts and equipment other than tires6..... 1.9 – S-May 2018 1.5

Motor oil, coolant, and fluids6........................ 6.4 – L-Sep.2018 6.8

Medical care commodities.................................... 1.696 -0.6 -0.010 – L-Jan.2019 -0.3

Medicinal drugs11........................................... 1.638 -0.7 -0.011 – L-Jan.2019 -0.4

Prescription drugs........................................ 1.302 -0.4 -0.005 – L-Nov.2018 0.6

Nonprescription drugs11................................. 0.337 -1.6 -0.006 – S-Aug.2018 -1.6

Medical equipment and supplies11........................ 0.057 1.4 0.001 – L-Jan.2019 2.1

Recreation commodities11.................................... 1.796 -1.7 -0.031 – S-Nov.2018 -3.0

Video and audio products11................................ 0.222 -9.9 -0.024 – S-Dec.2018 -11.0

Televisions................................................ 0.096 -19.3 -0.022 – S-Feb.2017 -20.1

Other video equipment5

................................. 0.027 1.8 0.000 – L-Oct.2014 4.6

Audio equipment.......................................... 0.044 -0.2 0.000 – L-Apr.2001 1.7

Recorded music and music subscriptions5

............ 0.047 -5.1 -0.003 – S-Jan.2019 -5.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2018-

Mar. 2019

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2018-

Mar. 20191

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

, 3

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:4

Date Percent

change

Pets and pet products...................................... 0.608 2.9 0.018 – L-Dec.2011 2.9

Pet food5, 6

................................................ 2.1 – L-Aug.2013 2.8

Purchase of pets, pet supplies, accessories5, 6. . . . .. 4.0 – S-Jan.2019 3.3

Sporting goods.............................................. 0.493 0.3 0.001 – – –

Sports vehicles including bicycles...................... 0.286 3.0 0.009 – – –

Sports equipment......................................... 0.200 -3.5 -0.007 – S-Nov.2018 -3.6

Photographic equipment and supplies................... 0.032 -5.7 -0.002 – S-Sep.2018 -6.6

Film and photographic supplies5, 6

.....................

Photographic equipment5, 6............................. -4.8 – S-Sep.2018 -6.0

Recreational reading materials............................ 0.115 1.9 0.002 – S-Sep.2018 1.4

Newspapers and magazines5

........................... 0.070 2.8 0.002 – S-Sep.2018 2.4

Recreational books5

...................................... 0.045 0.5 0.000 – L-Jan.2019 0.9

Other recreational goods5

.................................. 0.326 -7.3 -0.026 – S-Nov.2018 -8.7

Toys........................................................ 0.255 -9.6 -0.027 – S-Nov.2018 -10.4

Toys, games, hobbies and playground

equipment5

, 6

......................................... -7.1 – L-Mar.2017 -6.9

Sewing machines, fabric and supplies5............... 0.025 10.3 0.002 – L-EVER –

Music instruments and accessories5

................... 0.035 -0.3 0.000 – L-Aug.2018 -0.1

Education and communication commodities11............. 0.527 -4.4 -0.025 – L-Dec.2018 -3.3

Educational books and supplies.......................... 0.130 -0.9 -0.001 – S-Nov.2018 -0.9

College textbooks14, 6

.................................... -1.5 – S-EVER –

Information technology commodities11................... 0.397 -5.5 -0.024 – L-Dec.2018 -4.6

Computers, peripherals, and smart home assistant

devices7

................................................. 0.304 -3.3 -0.011 – L-Dec.2018 -3.0

Computer software and accessories5.................. 0.024 -3.4 -0.001 – L-Dec.2018 -3.0

Telephone hardware, calculators, and other

consumer information items5......................... 0.070 -14.9 -0.012 – L-Jan.2019 -14.5

Alcoholic beverages........................................... 0.972 1.5 0.015 – S-Aug.2018 1.4

Alcoholic beverages at home.............................. 0.607 1.6 0.009 – S-Dec.2018 1.5

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages at home........ 0.270 1.8 0.005 – S-Nov.2018 1.7

Distilled spirits at home.................................. 0.082 2.7 0.002 – S-Jan.2019 1.5

Whiskey at home6..................................... 3.3 – L-Jan.2012 3.7

Distilled spirits, excluding whiskey, at home6

. . . . .. 1.8 – S-Jan.2019 1.5

Wine at home............................................. 0.255 0.9 0.002 – S-Mar.2018 0.9

Alcoholic beverages away from home.................... 0.365 1.5 0.005 – L-Jan.2019 1.8

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages away from

home5

, 6

................................................. 2.2 – L-Dec.2018 2.2

Wine away from home5, 6

............................... 2.1 – S-Jun.2018 1.9

Distilled spirits away from home5, 6

.................... -0.7 – – –

Other goods11.................................................. 1.553 1.2 0.018 – L-May 2018 1.4

Tobacco and smoking products........................... 0.660 5.4 0.035 – L-Mar.2018 5.9

Cigarettes5

................................................ 0.585 5.6 0.032 – L-Mar.2018 5.9

Tobacco products other than cigarettes5.............. 0.060 3.6 0.002 – S-Dec.2018 2.9

Personal care products..................................... 0.684 -1.1 -0.008 – S-Aug.2017 -1.6

Hair, dental, shaving, and miscellaneous personal

care products5

.......................................... 0.380 -0.2 -0.001 – S-Jul.2018 -0.3

Cosmetics, perfume, bath, nail preparations and

implements............................................. 0.298 -2.2 -0.007 – S-Nov.2018 -2.6

Miscellaneous personal goods5

........................... 0.208 -4.1 -0.009 – L-Sep.2018 -3.9

Stationery, stationery supplies, gift wrap6

............. 0.0 – L-Aug.2018 0.6

Infants’ equipment8, 6

.................................... -10.7 – L-Jan.2019 -10.4

Services less energy services.................................. 59.822 2.7 1.618 – – –

Shelter........................................................... 33.293 3.4 1.105 – – –

Rent of shelter15............................................. 32.919 3.4 1.100 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2018-

Mar. 2019

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2018-

Mar. 20191

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

, 3

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:4

Date Percent

change

Rent of primary residence............................... 7.932 3.7 0.286 – L-Apr.2018 3.7

Lodging away from home5

.............................. 0.962 2.9 0.028 – S-Jan.2019 2.6

Housing at school, excluding board15............... 0.114 2.5 0.003 – – –

Other lodging away from home including hotels

and motels........................................... 0.848 2.9 0.026 – S-Jan.2019 2.6

Owners’ equivalent rent of residences15.............. 24.026 3.3 0.785 – – –

Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence15. .. 22.685 3.3 0.743 – – –

Tenants’ and household insurance5

................... 0.373 1.5 0.005 – S-Jun.2018 1.1

Water and sewer and trash collection services5

........ 1.094 3.6 0.038 – L-Jan.2019 3.7

Water and sewerage maintenance..................... 0.826 3.1 0.025 – L-Jan.2019 3.3

Garbage and trash collection13......................... 0.268 5.1 0.013 – L-Dec.2018 7.1

Household operations5

..................................... 0.888 3.4 0.030 – S-Dec.2017 2.6

Domestic services5

....................................... 0.305 3.5 0.011 – S-Nov.2018 2.7

Gardening and lawncare services5

..................... 0.298 4.4 0.013 – S-Nov.2017 2.0

Moving, storage, freight expense5

...................... 0.102 3.5 0.003 – L-Jan.2019 4.9

Repair of household items5............................. 0.107 0.2 0.000 – S-EVER –

Medical care services...................................... 7.000 2.3 0.159 – S-Oct.2018 1.9

Professional services.................................... 3.259 0.4 0.013 – S-Feb.2018 0.1

Physicians’ services................................... 1.735 0.1 0.001 – S-Mar.2018 -0.8

Dental services......................................... 0.790 0.7 0.006 – S-Sep.1961 0.4

Eyeglasses and eye care9

............................ 0.317 0.8 0.002 – L-Dec.2018 1.4

Services by other medical professionals9. . . . . . . . .. 0.416 0.8 0.003 – S-Jan.2019 0.1

Hospital and related services........................... 2.617 1.9 0.051 – S-EVER –

Hospital services16..................................... 2.335 1.8 0.041 – S-EVER –

Inpatient hospital services16, 6..................... 1.3 – L-Jan.2019 1.4

Outpatient hospital services9, 6.................... 1.7 – S-May 2016 1.1

Nursing homes and adult day services16........... 0.195 3.7 0.007 – L-Jan.2019 3.9

Care of invalids and elderly at home8

............... 0.088 2.7 0.002 – L-Jan.2019 2.7

Health insurance8........................................ 1.124 9.1 0.096 – L-Aug.2016 9.1

Transportation services..................................... 5.962 1.0 0.060 – S-Aug.2007 1.0

Leased cars and trucks14................................ 0.640 -0.3 -0.002 – – –

Car and truck rental5..................................... 0.108 -5.6 -0.007 – S-Aug.2018 -6.1

Motor vehicle maintenance and repair................. 1.130 3.7 0.041 – L-Jun.2009 4.1

Motor vehicle body work.............................. 0.056 2.4 0.001 – S-Apr.2018 2.2

Motor vehicle maintenance and servicing.......... 0.638 4.5 0.028 – L-Jun.2009 4.6

Motor vehicle repair5

.................................. 0.371 2.6 0.010 – L-Apr.2015 2.6

Motor vehicle insurance................................. 2.407 1.7 0.040 – S-Apr.2008 1.7

Motor vehicle fees5

....................................... 0.545 1.9 0.010 – S-Aug.2018 1.7

State motor vehicle registration and license

fees5.................................................. 0.280 0.8 0.002 – S-Jan.2019 0.7

Parking and other fees5............................... 0.247 3.1 0.007 – S-Oct.2018 2.6

Parking fees and tolls5, 6........................... 2.7 – S-Nov.2018 2.6

Automobile service clubs5, 6.......................

Public transportation..................................... 1.133 -1.9 -0.023 – S-Jan.2019 -2.0

Airline fares............................................. 0.684 -2.9 -0.021 – S-Jul.2018 -4.1

Other intercity transportation......................... 0.164 -1.7 -0.003 – L-Dec.2018 -1.5

Intercity bus fare7, 6

................................. 9.2 – L-EVER –

Intercity train fare7, 6

................................

Ship fare5, 6

.......................................... -2.1 – L-Dec.2018 -0.7

Intracity transportation................................. 0.278 0.5 0.002 – L-Dec.2018 0.6

Intracity mass transit11, 6

........................... 0.7 – L-Jan.2019 1.3

Recreation services11....................................... 3.892 2.6 0.101 – L-Jan.2018 3.2

Video and audio services11............................. 1.605 1.7 0.028 – S-Dec.2018 1.7

Cable and satellite television service13............. 1.515 1.5 0.023 – S-Nov.2018 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2018-

Mar. 2019

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2018-

Mar. 20191

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

, 3

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:4

Date Percent

change

Video discs and other media, including rental of

video5

................................................. 0.091 5.0 0.004 – L-Nov.2018 7.4

Video discs and other media5, 6

................... 4.8 – L-Nov.2018 9.8

Rental of video discs and other media5, 6

. . . . . .. 2.8 – L-Oct.2018 3.0

Pet services including veterinary5...................... 0.420 3.6 0.015 – – –

Pet services5, 6......................................... 3.2 – S-Sep.2018 3.1

Veterinarian services5, 6............................... 3.8 – L-Jun.2016 3.8

Photographers and photo processing5

................ 0.038 1.1 0.000 – L-Dec.2018 1.4

Photographer fees5, 6

.................................. -4.1 – S-Mar.2004 -4.5

Photo processing5, 6

................................... 5.4 – L-Aug.2009 5.9

Other recreation services5

............................... 1.827 3.2 0.058 – L-Dec.2017 3.5

Club membership for shopping clubs, fraternal, or

other organizations, or participant sports

fees5

.................................................. 0.685 3.3 0.022 – S-Jan.2019 2.8

Admissions............................................. 0.647 3.2 0.021 – L-Jan.2019 3.3

Admission to movies, theaters, and

concerts5, 6

........................................ 1.3 – L-Jan.2019 1.3

Admission to sporting events5, 6

.................. 5.2 – L-Jan.2019 7.0

Fees for lessons or instructions9

.................... 0.219 2.5 0.006 – L-Nov.2018 3.9

Education and communication services11................ 6.038 1.3 0.076 – L-Oct.2018 1.3

Tuition, other school fees, and childcare.............. 2.911 3.4 0.098 – L-Feb.2016 3.4

College tuition and fees............................... 1.615 3.8 0.061 – L-Jul.2014 3.9

Elementary and high school tuition and fees. . . . .. 0.336 4.4 0.014 – – –

Child care and nursery school12..................... 0.808 2.3 0.019 – L-Jul.2017 2.5

Technical and business school tuition and fees5... 0.032 1.0 0.000 – S-EVER –

Postage and delivery services5

......................... 0.113 5.6 0.006 – L-Jan.2014 5.6

Postage................................................. 0.099 5.9 0.006 – – –

Delivery services5...................................... 0.014 3.3 0.000 – L-Dec.2018 3.9

Telephone services5..................................... 2.219 -1.9 -0.044 – – –

Wireless telephone services5........................ 1.647 -3.1 -0.053 – S-Jan.2019 -3.1

Land-line telephone services11....................... 0.573 1.6 0.009 – L-Sep.2018 1.8

Internet services and electronic information

providers5

............................................... 0.786 2.0 0.016 – S-Jan.2019 1.6

Other personal services11.................................. 1.654 3.0 0.049 – S-Mar.2018 2.5

Personal care services.................................. 0.632 3.1 0.020 – S-Oct.2018 3.1

Haircuts and other personal care services5

........ 0.632 3.1 0.020 – S-Oct.2018 3.1

Miscellaneous personal services....................... 1.022 2.9 0.029 – S-Mar.2018 2.8

Legal services9

......................................... 0.308 1.8 0.005 – S-Jan.2018 0.4

Funeral expenses9

..................................... 0.128 2.0 0.003 – L-Jan.2019 2.2

Laundry and dry cleaning services5................. 0.241 3.7 0.009 – L-Apr.2009 3.8

Apparel services other than laundry and dry

cleaning5

............................................. 0.029 5.6 0.002 – L-Mar.2009 5.8

Financial services9

..................................... 0.244 3.7 0.009 – S-Mar.2018 1.4

Checking account and other bank services5, 6

... 0.7 – S-Oct.2017 0.2

Tax return preparation and other accounting

fees5

, 6

.............................................. 5.0 – S-Mar.2018 -1.7

Special aggregate indexes

All items less food.................................................. 86.636 1.8 1.581 – L-Dec.2018 2.0

All items less shelter................................................ 66.707 1.1 0.757 – L-Dec.2018 1.3

All items less food and shelter.................................... 53.343 0.9 0.475 – L-Dec.2018 1.2

All items less food, shelter, and energy.......................... 46.153 1.1 0.505 – S-Feb.2018 0.9

All items less food, shelter, energy, and used cars and

trucks............................................................... 43.756 1.1 0.494 – S-Feb.2018 0.9

All items less medical care........................................ 91.304 1.9 1.713 – L-Dec.2018 1.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,

March 2019, 12-month analysis table — Continued

[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]

Expenditure category

Relative

importance

Feb.

2019

Twelve Month

Unadjusted

percent

change

Mar. 2018-

Mar. 2019

Unadjusted

effect on All

Items

Mar. 2018-

Mar. 20191

Standard

error,

median

price

change2

, 3

Largest (L) or Smallest (S)

unadjusted change since:4

Date Percent

change

All items less energy................................................ 92.810 2.0 1.892 – S-Oct.2018 2.0

Commodities......................................................... 36.817 0.7 0.247 – L-Nov.2018 1.2

Commodities less food, energy, and used cars and

trucks............................................................ 17.227 -0.1 -0.018 – S-Nov.2018 -0.1

Commodities less food.......................................... 23.453 -0.1 -0.035 – L-Nov.2018 1.1

Commodities less food and beverages........................ 22.480 -0.2 -0.049 – L-Nov.2018 1.1

Services.............................................................. 63.183 2.6 1.615 – – –

Services less rent of shelter15.................................. 30.264 1.7 0.516 – – –

Services less medical care services........................... 56.183 2.6 1.456 – – –

Durables.............................................................. 9.975 0.3 0.032 – S-Dec.2018 0.1

Nondurables......................................................... 26.842 0.8 0.215 – L-Nov.2018 1.6

Nondurables less food........................................... 13.477 -0.5 -0.067 – L-Dec.2018 -0.4

Nondurables less food and beverages........................ 12.505 -0.6 -0.081 – L-Dec.2018 -0.5

Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel............. 9.440 -0.1 -0.012 – L-Nov.2018 2.5

Nondurables less food and apparel............................ 10.412 0.0 0.003 – L-Nov.2018 2.5

Housing............................................................... 42.217 2.9 1.219 – – –

Education and communication5

................................... 6.565 0.8 0.051 – L-Oct.2018 0.9

Education5

......................................................... 3.041 3.2 0.097 – L-Feb.2016 3.4

Communication5

.................................................. 3.524 -1.3 -0.046 – S-Jan.2019 -1.7

Information and information processing5

................... 3.411 -1.5 -0.052 – – –

Information technology, hardware and services17......... 1.192 -0.6 -0.008 – S-Jan.2019 -1.0

Recreation5.......................................................... 5.688 1.2 0.070 – L-Jan.2019 1.4

Video and audio5................................................. 1.827 0.2 0.003 – S-Dec.2018 0.0

Pets, pet products and services5

............................... 1.027 3.2 0.032 – L-Jan.2012 3.3

Photography5...................................................... 0.072 -2.1 -0.002 – S-Oct.2018 -2.7

Food and beverages................................................ 14.337 2.1 0.297 – L-Mar.2015 2.3

Domestically produced farm food.............................. 6.089 1.2 0.075 – L-Jan.2018 1.2

Other services....................................................... 11.584 2.0 0.225 – L-Aug.2016 2.0

Apparel less footwear.............................................. 2.392 -2.3 -0.058 – S-Jul.2015 -2.3

Fuels and utilities.................................................... 4.643 0.7 0.034 – L-Jan.2019 1.5

Household energy................................................ 3.549 -0.1 -0.004 – L-Jan.2019 0.9

Medical care......................................................... 8.696 1.7 0.149 – – –

Transportation....................................................... 16.224 0.5 0.080 – L-Dec.2018 0.7

Private transportation............................................ 15.091 0.7 0.102 – L-Dec.2018 0.9

New and used motor vehicles5

.............................. 6.987 0.4 0.030 – S-Sep.2018 0.4

Utilities and public transportation................................. 9.322 -0.1 -0.007 – L-Jan.2019 0.4

Household furnishings and operations........................... 4.282 1.9 0.079 – S-Nov.2018 1.7

Other goods and services.......................................... 3.207 2.1 0.067 – S-Jan.2019 1.9

Personal care..................................................... 2.547 1.3 0.032 – S-Feb.2018 1.3

1 The ’effect’ of an item category is a measure of that item’s contribution to the All items price change. For example, if the Food index had an effect of

0.40, and the All items index rose 1.2 percent, then the increase in food prices contributed 0.40 / 1.2, or 33.3 percent, to that All items increase.

Said another way, had food prices been unchanged for that year the change in the All items index would have been 1.2 percent minus 0.40, or 0.8

percent. Effects can be negative as well. For example, if the effect of food was a negative 0.1, and the All items index rose 0.5 percent, the All items

index actually would have been 0.1 percent higher (or 0.6 percent) had food prices been unchanged. Since food prices fell while prices overall were

rising, the contribution of food to the All items price change was negative (in this case, -0.1 / 0.5, or minus 20 percent).

2 A statistic’s margin of error is often expressed as its point estimate plus or minus two standard errors. For example, if a CPI category rose 2.6

percent, and its standard error was 0.25 percent, the margin of error on this item’s 12-month percent change would be 2.6 percent, plus or minus

0.5 percent.

3 The 2018 geographic revision has prevented official variances for 2018 from being calculated. Experimental variances are available upon request.

4

If the current 12-month percent change is greater than the previous published 12-month percent change, then this column identifies the closest prior

month with a 12-month percent change as (L)arge as or (L)arger than the current 12-month change. If the current 12-month percent change is

smaller than the previous published 12-month percent change, the most recent month with a change as (S)mall or (S)maller than the current month

change is identified. If the current and previous published 12-month percent changes are equal, a dash will appear. Standard numerical comparison

is used. For example, 2.0% is greater than 0.6%, -4.4% is less than -2.0%, and -2.0% is less than 0.0%. Note that a (L)arger change can be a

smaller decline, for example, a -0.2% change is larger than a -0.4% change, but still represents a decline in the price index. Likewise, (S)maller

changes can be increases, for example, a 0.6% change is smaller than 0.8%, but still represents an increase in the price index. In this context, a

-0.2% change is considered to be smaller than a 0.0% change.
5

Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.

6 Special indexes based on a substantially smaller sample. These series do not contribute to the all items index aggregation and therefore do not

have a relative importance or effect.

7

Indexes on a December 2007=100 base.

8

Indexes on a December 2005=100 base.

9

Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.

10 Indexes on a December 1993=100 base.

11 Indexes on a December 2009=100 base.

12 Indexes on a December 1990=100 base.

13 Indexes on a December 1983=100 base.

14 Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.

15 Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.

16 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.

17 Indexes on a December 1988=100 base.