[Cite as Billman v. Meintel, 2023-Ohio-922.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

PICKAWAY COUNTY 

DAVID BILLMAN, : Case No. 22CA10 

: 

Petitioner-Appellant, : 

: 

 v. : DECISION AND JUDGMENT 

: ENTRY 

MR. MEINTEL, WARDEN, : 

: RELEASED: 03/20/2023

Respondent-Appellee. :

 

APPEARANCES:

David Billman, Appellant, Pro Se.

David Yost, Ohio Attorney General, and William H. Lamb, Assistant Attorney 

General, Cincinnati, Ohio for Appellee.

 

Wilkin, J.

{¶1} This is an appeal from a Pickaway County Court of Common Pleas 

judgment entry that dismissed appellant, David Billman’s (“Billman”), third petition 

seeking a writ of habeas corpus. The respondent filed a brief in response. After 

reviewing the parties’ briefs, the record, and the applicable law, we find that the 

trial court did not err in dismissing Billman’s habeas petition because he cannot 

prove under any set of facts that he is unlawfully restrained of his liberty. 

Therefore, we affirm the trial court’s judgment dismissing his petition. 

BACKGROUND

{¶2} To better understand our analysis of Billman’s petition, we find that it 

is important to understand his history in the legal system beginning with his 

convictions for rape and gross sexual imposition (“GSI”) in 2012 as recounted in
Pickaway App. No. 22CA10 2

the Seventh District Court of Appeals, which reviewed those convictions on direct 

appeal. They found that 

[Billman] and his wife, Mary Billman were foster parents working 

with Monroe County Child and Family Services. According to 

testimony, the two live in Monroe County at 31143 Liberty Ridge 

Rd., Wingett Run, Ohio 45789 and have lived there since 1994. A 

total of seven children lived in the house under the care of the 

couple at all periods relevant to this matter. In 2006 [Billman] and 

his wife accepted responsibility for Child X and Child Y, who had 

been removed from the home of their biological father due to 

sexual abuse. According to [Billman's] wife, when the two children 

entered [Billman's] home, both had physical indications of sexual 

abuse. Both children lived in Appellant's home from February of 

2005 until the present. [Billman] resided in the family home until 

2011, when his wife asked him to leave. [Billman] moved out on 

October 28, 2011 after his wife confronted him with the 

accusations of Child X and Child Y, who told her that [he] had 

been sexually abusing Child Y the entire time she lived with him, 

and that he had just started abusing Child X.

State v. Billman, 7th Dist. Monroe Nos. 12MO3 and 12MO5, 2013-Ohio5774, ¶ 2.

A jury found Billman guilty of two counts of GSI against Child X, as well as two 

counts of rape and five counts of GSI against Child Y. Id. at ¶ 6. 

{¶3} On appeal to the Seventh District Court of Appeals, Billman, in part, 

alleged that his convictions were against the manifest weight of the evidence 

because the state did not prove venue, i.e., the state did not prove that the 

offenses had occurred in Monroe County. Id. at ¶ 11. The court overruled 

Billman’s assignment of error finding that “[t]he facts and circumstances in this 

case support the jury's conclusion that the crimes occurred in Monroe County 

and venue is proper[,]” and otherwise affirmed his convictions. Id. at ¶ 13, 49.

{¶4} Billman filed an unsuccessful delayed appeal in the Supreme Court of 

Ohio in State v. Billman, 138 Ohio St.3d 1467, 2014-Ohio-1674, 6 N.E.3d 1203. 
Pickaway App. No. 22CA10 3

He also filed an unsuccessful federal petition for habeas corpus in Billman v.

Warden, S.D. Ohio No. 2:14-CV-1910, 2016 WL 931262 (Mar. 11, 2016).

{¶5} Billman then filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus in the Pickaway 

County Court of Common Pleas, which this court dismissed. Billman v. Smith, 

4th Dist. Pickaway No. 19CA18, 2020-Ohio-1358, ¶ 18, appeal not allowed, 159 

Ohio St. 3d 1418, 2020-Ohio-3365, 147 N.E.3d 658, ¶ 18. On appeal, Billman in 

part argued that the state failed to prove venue resulting in his wrongful 

imprisonment. Id. at ¶10. Inter alia, we found that the trial court properly 

dismissed Billman’s petition finding that his claims were not cognizable in a writ 

of habeas corpus. Id. at ¶ 22. 

{¶6} On October 15, 2020, Billman filed a second petition in the Pickaway 

County Court of Common Pleas seeking a writ of habeas corpus to be released 

from prison again asserting, among other allegations, that the state failed to 

prove venue. Billman v. Fredricks, 4th Dist. Pickaway No. 19CA19, 2021-Ohio2435, ¶ 3. The trial court dismissed appellant's petition for failure to state a 

claim. Id. We affirmed the trial court’s dismissal entry finding among other 

reasons that venue is not cognizable in a habeas because it does not allege a 

jurisdictional defect. Id. at ¶ 12, citing Starkey v. Shoop, 4th Dist. Ross No. 

20CA3705, 2021-Ohio-564, ¶ 12. 

{¶7} On February 9, 2022, Billman filed a third petition seeking a writ of 

habeas corpus ordering his release from prison, which is at issue in this appeal. 

He maintained that the Monroe County Court of Common Pleas lacked 

jurisdiction to convict him of the 2012 sexual offenses. Billman alleged that “the 
Pickaway App. No. 22CA10 4

state introduced evidence which proves the location of the essential conduct 

elements of the crimes alleged in the indictment was in the state of Oregon, not 

in the state of Ohio.” Therefore, Billman argued that “the trial court in Monroe 

County Ohio could(n)ot have jurisdiction for crimes that were proven to have 

taken place in Oregon, by the state’s own witness.” Accordingly, Billman alleged 

that the trial court lacked authority to sentence him. 

{¶8} The respondent filed a Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss Billman’s 

petition. Respondent alleged that Billman raised venue in his direct appeal, 

albeit unsuccessfully. Therefore, respondent argued res judicata barred the 

court’s consideration of Billman’s third petition for habeas relief. 

{¶9} Respondent also maintained that Billman did not attach his 

commitment papers to his petition as required by R.C. 2725.04(D), which is also 

fatal to a habeas action.

{¶10} Therefore, the respondent moved the trial court to dismiss Billman’s 

petition or alternatively for the court to grant respondent summary judgment. 

{¶11} The trial court granted the respondent’s motion to dismiss. The 

court found that Billman was not entitled to a writ of habeas corpus because he 

was using it as a substitute for an appeal or postconviction relief. The court 

stated that “[Billman] again alleges that venue was not proven at his original trial.” 

The court also found that res judicata barred his petition. It is this judgment that 

Billman appeals. 

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR 

I. PICKAWAY COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, HEREINAFTER (P.C. 

COURT) IS IN ERROR FOR MAKING A RULING ON VENUE/INSUFFICIENT 
Pickaway App. No. 22CA10 5

EVIDENCE, WHEREAS THAT IS THE (O)PPOSITE OF THE ISSUES RAISED 

BY MR. BILLMAN. MR. BILLMAN ARGUED IN HIS HABEAS PETITION THAT 

THE EVIDENCE (I)S SUFFICIENT TO PROVE WHERE THE ALLEGED 

CRIMES OCCURRED. MR. BILLMAN (P)ROVED THAT THE EVIDENCE FROM 

THE TRIAL TRANSCRIPTS (D)OES (S)UFFICIENTLY PROVE THE LOCATION 

OF THE ESSENTIAL CONDUCT ELEMENTS OF THE ALLEGED CRIMES. 

WHICH (I)S AN ATTACK ON THE (J)URISDICTION OF THE MONROE 

COUNTY, OHIO, COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, HEREAFTER (THE TRIAL 

COURT), BECAUSE THAT SUFFICIENTLY PROVEN LOCATION IS IN THE 

STATE OF OREGON

II. P.C. COURT IS IN ERROR FOR IGNORING THE ISSUES RAISED BY MR. 

BILLMAN (OF MR BILLMAN ATTACKING THE TRIAL COURT’S 

JURISDCITION), AND FOR CLAIMING THAT MR. BILLMAN DID NOT RAISE 

AN ISSUE THAT IS COGNIZABLE IN A PETITION FOR HABEAS CORPUS 

RELIEF, WHEREAS MR. BILLMAN DID ATTACK THE JURISDCITION OF THE 

TRIAL COURTAND AN ATTACK ON THE COURT’S JURISDCITION IS 

COGNIZABLE IN A HABEAS CORPUS PETITION

III. P.C. COURT IS IN ERROR FOR CLAIMING RES JUDICATA. WHEREAS, MR 

BILLMAN ATTACKED THE JURISCITION OF THE TRIAL COURT IN HIS 

PRESENT PETITION, JURISDCITION HAS NOT BEEN ADJUDICATED IN THE 

CASE AT BAR AND THE OHIO SUPREME COURT SAID THAT AN ATTACK 

ON OR A CHALLENGE OF A COURT’S SUBJECT MATTER JURISDCITION 

CANNOT BE WAIVED OR FOREFEITED. 

 LAW

A. Standard of Review

{¶12} “Appellate courts conduct a de novo review of trial court decisions 

granting a Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss.” Alexander Loc. Sch. Dist. Bd. of

Educ. v. Vill. of Albany, 2017-Ohio-8704, 101 N.E.3d 21, ¶ 22 (4th Dist.), citing 

State ex rel. Ohio Civ. Serv. Emps. Assn. v. State, 146 Ohio St.3d 315, 2016-

Ohio-478, 56 N.E.3d 913, ¶ 12. “We therefore afford no deference to the trial 

court's decision, but instead, independently review the trial court's decision.” Id., 

citing Struckman v. Bd. of Education of Teays Valley Loc. Sch. Dist., 4th Dist. 

Pickaway No. 16CA10, 2017-Ohio-1177, ¶ 18. 
Pickaway App. No. 22CA10 6

B. Motion To Dismiss

{¶13} A habeas petition filed against “a government entity or employee” is 

a civil action. See McDougald v. Bowerman, 161 Ohio St. 3d 268, 2020-Ohio3942, 162 N.E.3d 762, ¶ 10. Consequently, “[a] court may dismiss a habeas 

action under Civ.R. 12(B)(6) for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be 

granted[.]” Handcock v. Shoop, 156 Ohio St. 3d 282, 2019-Ohio-718, 125 

N.E.3d 872, ¶ 5, citing Keith v. Bobby, 117 Ohio St.3d 470, 2008-Ohio-1443, 884 

N.E.2d 1067, ¶ 10.

{¶14} A Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss “tests the sufficiency of the 

complaint.” Volbers-Klarich v. Middletown Mgt., Inc., 125 Ohio St.3d 494, 2010-

Ohio-2057, 929 N.E.2d 434, ¶ 11. “In order for a court to dismiss a complaint for 

failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, it must appear beyond 

doubt from the complaint that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts entitling him to 

recovery.” O'Brien v. Univ. Community Tenants Union, Inc., 42 Ohio St.2d 242, 

245, 327 N.E.2d 753 (1975), syllabus; State ex. rel. Yost v. Rover Pipeline,

L.L.C., 167 Ohio St.3d 223, 2022-Ohio-766, 191 N.E.3d 421, ¶ 18. In its 

analysis, a court must “presume the truth of all material factual allegations in the 

complaint, and make all reasonable inferences in [non-movant’s] favor.” Williams

v. MJS Enterprises, Ltd., 4th Dist. Washington No. 22CA8, 2022-Ohio-3695, ¶ 

20, citing Rover Pipeline, L.L.C. at ¶ 6. 

{¶15} Typically, “courts cannot rely on evidence or allegations outside the 

complaint to determine a Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion.” State ex rel. Fuqua v.

Alexander, 79 Ohio St.3d 206, 207, 680 N.E.2d 985 (1997), citing State ex rel.
Pickaway App. No. 22CA10 7

Findlay Publishing Co. v. Schroeder, 76 Ohio St.3d 580, 581, 669 N.E.2d 835 

(1996). However, “ ‘[d]ocuments attached to or incorporated into the complaint 

may be considered on a motion to dismiss pursuant to Civ.R. 12(B)(6).’ ” State ex

rel. Washington v. D'Apolito, 156 Ohio St. 3d 77, 2018-Ohio-5135, 123 N.E.3d 

947, ¶ 10, quoting NCS Healthcare, Inc. v. Candlewood Partners, L.L.C., 160 

Ohio App.3d 421, 2005-Ohio-1669, 827 N.E.2d 797, ¶ 20 (8th Dist.). See also,

Southgate Dev. Corp. v. Columbia Gas Transm. Corp., 48 Ohio St.2d 211, 358 

N.E.2d 526 (1976), paragraph one of the syllabus (“The trial court is not confined 

to the allegations of the complaint when determining its subject-matter jurisdiction 

pursuant to a Civ.R. 12(B)(1) motion to dismiss, and it may consider material 

pertinent to such inquiry without converting the motion into one for summary 

judgment.”). “A court is not required to accept allegations in a complaint as true 

when they are contradicted by documents attached to the complaint.” D'Apolito

at ¶ 10, citing State ex rel. Edwards v. Toledo City Sch. Dist. Bd. of Edn., 72 Ohio 

St.3d 106, 109, 1995-Ohio-251, 647 N.E.2d 799.

C. Habeas Corpus

{¶16} A petition for habeas corpus must be accompanied by copies of 

relevant commitment papers. R.C. 2725.04(D); Day v. Wilson, 116 Ohio St.3d 

566, 2008-Ohio-82, 880 N.E.2d 919, ¶ 4. If a petitioner fails to attach copies of 

these documents, then their petition is “fatally defective[.]” Clark v. Sheriff Tom

Miller Medina Cnty. Jail, 9th Dist. Medina No. 19CA21-M, 2019-Ohio-4906, 870 

N.E.2d 1191, ¶ 3, citing Bloss v. Rogers, 65 Ohio St.3d 145, 146, 602 N.E.2d 

602 (1992).
Pickaway App. No. 22CA10 8

{¶17} “In habeas corpus cases, the burden of proof is on the petitioner to 

establish his right to release.” Chari v. Vore, 91 Ohio St. 3d 323, 325, 2001-

Ohio-49, 744 N.E.2d 763, citing Halleck v. Koloski, 4 Ohio St.2d 76, 77, 212 

N.E.2d 601 (1965). “To be entitled to a writ of habeas corpus, a petitioner must 

show that he is being unlawfully restrained of his liberty and that he is entitled to 

immediate release from prison or confinement.” McKinney v. Haviland, 162 Ohio 

St.3d 150, 2020-Ohio-4785, 164 N.E.2d 415, ¶ 6, citing R.C. 2725.01; State ex

rel. Cannon v. Mohr, 155 Ohio St.3d 213, 2018-Ohio-4184, 120 N.E.3d 776, ¶ 

10. Like other extraordinary-writ actions, “habeas corpus is not available when 

the petitioner has or had an adequate remedy in the ordinary course of the law,

unless the trial court's judgment is void for lack of jurisdiction.” State ex rel.

Davis v. Turner, 164 Ohio St.3d 395, 2021-Ohio-1771, 172 N.E.3d 1026, ¶ 8,

Leyman v. Bradshaw, 146 Ohio St.3d 522, 2016-Ohio-1093, 59 N.E.3d 1236, ¶ 

8-9. Consequently, “[w]hen a court's judgment is void because the court lacked 

subject-matter jurisdiction, habeas corpus is generally an appropriate remedy 

despite the availability of appeal.” Davis v. Wolfe, 92 Ohio St. 3d 549, 552, 2001-

Ohio-1281, 751 N.E.2d 1051.

D. Venue vs. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction 

{¶18} “ ‘[J]urisdiction and venue are not the same, as the former 

denotes the power of the court to hear the case and the latter denotes the situs 

of trial.’ ” Armengau, 2017-Ohio-4452, 93 N.E.3d 284, ¶ 106 (10th Dist.), quoting 

State v. Giffin, 62 Ohio App.3d 396, 403, 575 N.E.2d 887 (10th Dist.1991), 

citing State v. Loucks, 28 Ohio App.2d 77, 274 N.E.2d 773 (4th Dist.1971).
Pickaway App. No. 22CA10 9

1. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction 

{¶19} “Subject-matter jurisdiction refers to the constitutional or statutory 

power of a court to adjudicate a particular class or type of case.” State v. Harper, 

160 Ohio St. 3d 480, 2020-Ohio-2913, 159 N.E.3d 248, ¶ 23, citing Pratts v.

Hurley, 102 Ohio St.3d 81, 2004-Ohio-1980, 806 N.E.2d 992, ¶ 11-12, 34. 

“[C]ourts of common pleas * * * are created by the Ohio Constitution and have 

statewide subject-matter jurisdiction” pursuant to Sections 4(A) and (B), Article 

IV, Ohio Constitution. Cheap Escape Co. v. Haddox, LLC, 120 Ohio St. 3d 493, 

2008-Ohio-6323, 900 N.E.2d 601, ¶ 7. Pursuant to R.C. 2901.11(A)(1), “[t]he 

State of Ohio has subject-matter jurisdiction over a crime if any element of the 

offense, under the laws of this state, takes place in Ohio.” State v. Cayavec, 7th 

Dist. Mahoning No. 19 MA 0069, 2020-Ohio-3610, ¶ 28. 

{¶20} “[Subject-matter jurisdiction] is a ‘condition precedent to the court's 

ability to hear the case. If a court acts without jurisdiction, then any proclamation 

by that court is void.’ ” Hurley at ¶ 11, quoting State ex rel. Tubbs Jones v.

Suster, 84 Ohio St.3d 70, 75, 701 N.E.2d 1002 (1984). “When subject-matter is 

lacking it can be raised at any time, it is not barred by the doctrine of res judicata, 

and it renders a judgment void as opposed to voidable.” State v. Mitchell, 2021-

Ohio-4386, 181 N.E.3d 550, ¶ 11 (4th Dist.), citing State v. Helms, 7th Dist. 

Mahoning No. 14MA96, 2015-Ohio-1708, ¶ 15; State v. Lomax, 96 Ohio St.3d 

318, 2002-Ohio-4453, 774 N.E.2d 249, ¶ 17; State v. Wilson, 73 Ohio St.3d 40, 

45, 652 N.E.2d 196 (1995), fn. 6. See also State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175, 

226 N.E.2d 104 (1967), paragraphs six and nine of the syllabus.
Pickaway App. No. 22CA10 10

2. Venue

{¶21} If a court has subject-matter jurisdiction over a criminal case, venue 

must also be determined, i.e., where precisely in Ohio should the case be 

entertained. The Ohio Constitution provides that venue “ ‘is the proper place 

[within Ohio] to try a criminal matter[.]’ ” State v. Hampton, 134 Ohio St. 3d 447, 

2012-Ohio-5688, 983 N.E.2d 324, ¶ 19, quoting State v. Headley, 6 Ohio St.3d 

475, 477, 453 N.E.2d 716 (1983). Specifically, “[v]enue is established under 

Article I, Section 10 of the Ohio Constitution, which requires criminal trials to be 

held in the ‘county in which the offense is alleged to have been committed.’ ” 

(Emphasis added.) State v. Moore, __ Ohio St.3d __, 2022-Ohio-1460, __ 

N.E.3d__, ¶ 11, quoting Article I, Section 10 of the Ohio Constitution. 

{¶22} “ ‘Although it is not a material element of the offense charged, 

venue is a fact which must be proved in criminal prosecutions unless it is waived 

by the defendant.’ ” State v. Billman, 7th Dist. Monroe Nos. 12MO3 and 12MO5, 

2013-Ohio-5774, ¶ 11, quoting Headley, 6 Ohio St.3d 475, 477, 453 N.E.2d 716 

(1983). “Irregularities in venue, when a court has jurisdiction over the subject

matter, generally make the judgment merely voidable rather than void.” State v.

Barnes, 7 Ohio App. 3d 83, 85, 454 N.E.2d 572 (3d Dist.1982). “[I]f a judgment 

is voidable, the doctrine of res judicata bars a party from raising and litigating in 

any proceeding, except a direct appeal.” State v. Henderson, 161 Ohio St. 3d 

285, 2020-Ohio-4784, 162 N.E.3d 776, ¶ 19 citing State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 

175, 178-179, 226 N.E.2d 104 (1967), paragraph nine of the syllabus. 
Pickaway App. No. 22CA10 11

ANALYSIS

{¶23} Before we address Billman’s assignments of error, we address the 

state’s claim that the trial court’s judgment of dismissal can be affirmed solely 

because Billman did not attach his commitment papers to his habeas petition. 

The respondent is correct that “[a] petitioner's failure to attach all pertinent 

commitment papers renders the petition fatally defective[,]” which warrants the 

petition’s dismissal. Nedea v. Cook, 4th Dist. Hocking No. 15CA12, 2015-Ohio3668, ¶ 9, citing Tucker v. McAninch, 82 Ohio St.3d 423, 1998-Ohio-220, 696 

N.E.2d 595. However, the record appears to show that Billman attached his 

2012 sentencing entry to his petition herein. Therefore, we find that the state’s 

argument lacks merit.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR II and III

{¶24} Billman’s second and third assignments of error both address the 

trial court’s dismissal of his petition on procedural grounds. Therefore, we will 

address them together, and prior to addressing his first assignment of error. 

{¶25} In his second assignment of error, Billman alleges that the trial court 

erred in concluding that his petition failed to set forth a cognizable habeas claim. 

In his third assignment of error, Billman contends that the trial court erred in 

holding that its consideration of his petition was barred by res judicata. Billman 

argues that unlike his prior two habeas petitions, in which he claimed that the 

state failed to prove venue, his petition herein attacked the subject-matter 

jurisdiction of the Monroe County Court of Common Pleas regarding his 2012 

convictions for rape and GSI. This, he argues, means that his petition is at least 
Pickaway App. No. 22CA10 12

cognizable as a habeas action because it attacks the trial court’s jurisdiction, 

and, therefore, is also not precluded from consideration by res judicata.

{¶26} Contrary to the trial court’s determination that Billman’s petition

herein challenged venue, a review of that pleading reveals that he challenged the 

subject-matter jurisdiction of the Monroe County Court of Common Pleas by 

arguing that the events that resulted in his convictions occurred in Oregon, not 

Ohio, which, if true, would render his 2012 convictions void. Hurley, 102 Ohio 

St.3d 81, 2004-Ohio-1980, 806 N.E.2d 992, ¶ 11. Therefore, we find that the trial

court erred in determining that his petition was precluded by res judicata. 

Mitchell, 2021-Ohio-4386, 181 N.E.3d 550, ¶ 11 (4th Dist.) Consequently, we 

sustain Billman’s second and third assignments of error to the extent that res 

judicata does not prevent consideration of a challenge to a court’s subject-matter 

jurisdiction, i.e., he has set out a cognizable habeas claim. 

{¶27} However, it is important to note that finding that Billman has set out 

a cognizable habeas action merely means his petition for a writ of habeas corpus 

is a proper method to challenge subject-matter jurisdiction; it does not mean the 

petition has merit. See generally F.D.I.C. v. Meyer, 510 U.S. 471, 476, 114 S. 

Ct. 996, 1001, 127 L. Ed. 2d 308 (1994), quoting Black's Law Dictionary 259 (6th 

ed. 1990) (“Cognizable ordinarily means ‘[c]apable of being tried or examined 

before a designated tribunal[.]’ ” (Emphasis added.) To determine whether 

Billman has set forth a successful petition, we must address his first assignment 

of error. 
Pickaway App. No. 22CA10 13

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

{¶28} In his first assignment of error, Billman maintains that an Ohio court 

of common pleas lacked jurisdiction to try and convict him of the 2012 rape and 

GSI charges. He claims that “jurisdiction [for these charges] belongs to the state 

of Oregon, not in the state of Ohio.” Therefore, he asserts, his underlying rape 

and GSI convictions are void because they occurred in Oregon, but were tried in 

Ohio, which, if true, would support a writ of habeas corpus. Wolfe, 92 Ohio St. 

3d 549, 552, 2001-Ohio-1281, 751 N.E.2d 1051.

{¶29} Initially we recognize that Billman relies on transcripts of the 

testimony from his criminal trial to support his petition. Typically, in deciding a 

Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss, a court cannot consider materials beyond the 

complaint, or in this case Billman’s petition. Alexander, 79 Ohio St.3d 206, 207, 

680 N.E.2d 985 (1997). However, in his habeas petition Billman incorporated by 

reference testimony from his criminal trial transcripts to support his argument that 

the trial court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction. Therefore, in our de novo review 

of the trial court’s judgment of dismissal, our consideration of the trial transcripts 

is permissible. D'Apolito, 2018-Ohio-5135, 156 Ohio St. 3d 77, 80, 123 N.E.3d 

947. See also, Southgate Dev. Corp. v. Columbia Gas Transm. Corp., 48 Ohio 

St.2d 211, 358 N.E.2d 526 (1976), paragraph one of the syllabus. 

{¶30} During Billman’s 2012 criminal trial, both Child X and Y occasionally

offered testimony that they were sexually abused by their biological father, who 

lived in Oregon. However, the state of Ohio brought GSI and rape charges 

against Billman in 2012, for acts that he committed against Child X and Y that 
Pickaway App. No. 22CA10 14

occurred in 2011, which was six years after the children moved from Oregon to 

Monroe County, Ohio, to live with Billman and his wife. Both children offered 

testimony at Billman’s trial that specifically identified Billman as the perpetrator of 

GSI and rape against them, including testimony from Child Y acknowledging 

Billman put his penis in her mouth. In other words, the state charged Billman 

with, and he was convicted of, committing GSI and rape in Ohio. Therefore, we 

find that Billman has failed his burden as a habeas petitioner to prove that the 

Monroe County Court of Common Pleas of Ohio lacked subject-matter 

jurisdiction over him regarding his 2012 GSI and rape convictions as required by 

Vore, 91 Ohio St. 3d 323, 325, 2001-Ohio-49, 744 N.E.2d 76. 

CONCLUSION

{¶31} Pursuant to our de novo review, we sustain Billman’s second and 

third assignments of error because the trial court erred in finding that it was 

procedurally barred by res judicata from considering Billman’s petition since it 

raised subject-matter jurisdiction. However, we overrule Billman’s first 

assignment of error because he can show no set of facts that he is “being 

unlawfully restrained of his liberty and that he is entitled to immediate release 

from prison or confinement.” Haviland, 162 Ohio St.3d 150, 2020-Ohio-4785, 164 

N.E.2d 415, ¶ 6. Rather, Billman is currently serving a valid prison sentence from 

his 2012 convictions for GSI and rape in the Monroe County Court of Common 

Pleas, which had subject matter jurisdiction to try, and did, convict him of these 

offenses. 
Pickaway App. No. 22CA10 15

{¶32} Therefore, we ultimately find that the trial court did not err in 

granting the state’s Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss Billman’s petition for failure 

to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. Accordingly, we affirm the trial

court’s judgment granting the respondent’s motion dismissing Billman’s petition

for a writ of habeas corpus. 

JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
Pickaway App. No. 22CA10 16

JUDGMENT ENTRY

It is ordered that the JUDGMENT IS AFFIRMED and appellant shall pay 

the costs.

The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the 

Pickaway County Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into execution.

A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 

27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

P.J., Smith and J., Abele: Concur in Judgment and Opinion.

For the Court,

BY: _________________________

Kristy S. Wilkin, Judge

NOTICE TO COUNSEL

Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final 

judgment entry and the time period for further appeal commences from the 

date of filing with the clerk.