HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES ANNUAL AVERAGES

45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by occupation and

industry

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation and industry

2005

Workers paid hourly rates Total at or below prevailing Federal

minimum wage

Total

Below

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

At 

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Number

Percent of

hourly-paid

workers

OCCUPATION

Management, professional, and related occupations ................................... 14,258 46 26 73 0.5 

 Management, business, and financial operations occupations ................ 3,893 15 7 22 .6

 Management occupations .................................................................... 2,269 11 2 13 .6

 Business and financial operations occupations .................................... 1,624 4 5 9 .6

 Professional and related occupations ....................................................... 10,366 32 19 51 .5

 Computer and mathematical occupations ............................................ 844 – 1 1 .1

 Architecture and engineering occupations ........................................... 967 1 2 4 .4

 Life, physical, and social science occupations ..................................... 415 2 – 2 .5

 Community and social services occupations ........................................ 741 2 1 3 .4

 Legal occupations ................................................................................. 303 1 – 1 .5

 Education, training, and library occupations ......................................... 2,123 9 11 20 .9

 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ................ 826 7 4 11 1.4

 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ............................... 4,147 8 1 9 .2

Service occupations ..................................................................................... 16,751 1,152 242 1,394 8.3

 Healthcare support occupations ............................................................... 2,565 34 6 40 1.5

 Protective service occupations ................................................................. 1,775 17 4 21 1.2

 Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................. 6,493 966 165 1,131 17.4

 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ................. 3,590 55 34 90 2.5

 Personal care and service occupations .................................................... 2,328 81 32 113 4.9

Sales and office occupations ........................................................................ 20,930 104 136 240 1.1

 Sales and related occupations ................................................................. 7,612 65 77 142 1.9

 Office and administrative support occupations ......................................... 13,318 39 59 98 .7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................. 9,900 30 18 48 .5

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................................... 623 7 7 14 2.3

 Construction and extraction occupations .................................................. 5,828 12 6 18 .3

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................... 3,449 11 5 15 .4

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ...................... 13,770 71 57 128 .9

 Production occupations ............................................................................ 7,658 28 19 47 .6

 Transportation and material moving occupations ..................................... 6,112 43 38 80 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

270
HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES ANNUAL AVERAGES

45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by occupation and

industry—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation and industry

2005

Workers paid hourly rates Total at or below prevailing Federal

minimum wage

Total

Below

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

At 

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Number

Percent of

hourly-paid

workers

INDUSTRY

Private sector ................................................................................................ 66,135 1,344 438 1,782 2.7

 Agriculture and related industries ............................................................... 641 7 8 15 2.3

 Nonagriculture and related industries ......................................................... 65,495 1,337 430 1,767 2.7

 Mining ...................................................................................................... 390 – – – .1

 Construction ............................................................................................ 5,897 15 4 19 .3

 Manufacturing .......................................................................................... 10,299 25 14 38 .4

 Durable goods ..................................................................................... 6,462 15 3 18 .3

 Nondurable goods ............................................................................... 3,837 10 10 20 .5

 Wholesale and retail trade ....................................................................... 12,765 81 100 181 1.4

 Wholesale trade ................................................................................... 2,044 3 4 7 .3

 Retail trade .......................................................................................... 10,721 78 96 174 1.6

 Transportation and utilities ...................................................................... 3,029 15 7 22 .7

 Transportation and warehousing ......................................................... 2,552 12 6 18 .7

 Utilities ................................................................................................. 477 3 1 4 .9

 Information ............................................................................................... 1,406 9 7 16 1.1

 Publishing, except Internet ............................................................... 337 3 2 5 1.6

 Motion pictures and sound recording ............................................... 156 3 2 4 2.8

 Broadcasting, except Internet ........................................................... 264 2 – 2 .8

 Telecommunications ......................................................................... 548 1 1 2 .3

 Financial activities ................................................................................... 3,366 8 9 18 .5

 Finance and insurance ........................................................................ 2,339 5 4 9 .4

 Finance ........................................................................................... 1,540 4 1 4 .3

 Insurance ........................................................................................ 798 1 3 5 .6

 Real estate and rental and leasing ...................................................... 1,028 4 5 9 .9

 Professional and business services ........................................................ 5,537 40 19 59 1.1

 Professional and technical services .................................................... 2,376 10 6 16 .7

 Management, administrative, and waste services ............................... 3,161 30 13 44 1.4

 Education and health services ................................................................. 11,335 88 38 126 1.1

 Educational services ............................................................................ 1,250 18 11 28 2.3

 Health care and social assistance ....................................................... 10,086 70 27 97 1.0

 Leisure and hospitality ............................................................................. 8,420 1,004 197 1,201 14.3

 Arts, entertainment, and recreation ..................................................... 1,262 41 16 57 4.5

 Accommodation and food services ...................................................... 7,157 963 181 1,144 16.0

 Accommodation ............................................................................... 1,108 57 12 69 6.2

 Food services and drinking places .................................................. 6,049 906 169 1,075 17.8

 Other services 1 ....................................................................................... 3,051 52 35 87 2.8

 Other services, except private households .......................................... 2,505 28 27 55 2.2

 Other services, private households ..................................................... 546 25 8 32 5.9

Public sector ................................................................................................. 9,474 59 41 100 1.1

 Federal goverment ................................................................................... 1,892 6 8 14 .7

 State government ..................................................................................... 2,464 14 11 25 1.0

 Local government ..................................................................................... 5,118 40 21 61 1.2

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

 NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $5.15 per hour in 2005.

Data are for wage and salary workers, excluding the incorporated

self-employed. They refer to a person’s earnings on their sole or principal job,

and pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and

other nonhourly workers are not included. The presence of workers with

hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate

violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exceptions to the

minimum wage provisions of the law. In addition, some survey respondents

might have rounded hourly earnings to the nearest dollar, and, as a result,

reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage even though they earned

the minimum wage or higher. Beginning in January 2005, data reflect revised

population controls used in the household survey. Dash indicates no data or

data that does not meet publication criteria.

271