HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES

42. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation and industry

2017 2018

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,890 14,817 10.7 16,444 11.9 140,099 14,744 10.5 16,380 11.7

OCCUPATION

Management, professional, and related

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,442 6,155 11.5 6,972 13.0 55,258 6,183 11.2 7,069 12.8

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,617 902 4.4 1,097 5.3 21,196 916 4.3 1,130 5.3

Management occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,894 596 4.3 727 5.2 14,299 607 4.2 750 5.2

Business and financial operations

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,723 307 4.6 370 5.5 6,897 309 4.5 379 5.5

Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 32,824 5,253 16.0 5,876 17.9 34,062 5,267 15.5 5,939 17.4

Computer and mathematical occupations. . . . . . 4,544 178 3.9 225 4.9 4,937 181 3.7 227 4.6

Architecture and engineering occupations. . . . . 3,053 220 7.2 250 8.2 3,124 232 7.4 263 8.4

Life, physical, and social science

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,360 138 10.2 154 11.3 1,436 141 9.8 160 11.1

Community and social service occupations. . . . 2,555 392 15.3 426 16.7 2,614 360 13.8 395 15.1

Legal occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500 119 7.9 134 8.9 1,585 94 6.0 121 7.6

Education, training, and library occupations. . . 8,949 2,996 33.5 3,327 37.2 9,140 3,089 33.8 3,435 37.6

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,314 157 6.8 173 7.5 2,417 161 6.6 187 7.7

Healthcare practitioners and technical

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,548 1,054 12.3 1,186 13.9 8,810 1,008 11.4 1,152 13.1

Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,207 2,392 9.9 2,623 10.8 24,320 2,389 9.8 2,613 10.7

Healthcare support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,412 286 8.4 314 9.2 3,507 284 8.1 314 8.9

Protective service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,119 1,082 34.7 1,152 37.0 3,193 1,081 33.9 1,135 35.5

Food preparation and serving related

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,220 314 3.8 359 4.4 8,052 314 3.9 373 4.6

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,864 441 9.1 492 10.1 4,990 453 9.1 510 10.2

Personal care and service occupations. . . . . . . . . . 4,592 268 5.8 305 6.6 4,577 256 5.6 282 6.2

Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,018 1,944 6.3 2,207 7.1 30,767 1,993 6.5 2,223 7.2

Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,682 432 3.2 513 3.7 13,694 455 3.3 538 3.9

Office and administrative support occupations. . . 17,337 1,511 8.7 1,694 9.8 17,073 1,538 9.0 1,685 9.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,238 2,015 16.5 2,129 17.4 12,319 1,865 15.1 1,978 16.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . 1,090 37 3.4 42 3.8 1,024 24 2.4 31 3.0

Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . 6,529 1,262 19.3 1,318 20.2 6,776 1,158 17.1 1,217 18.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,619 716 15.5 770 16.7 4,518 682 15.1 730 16.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,985 2,311 13.6 2,514 14.8 17,435 2,315 13.3 2,497 14.3

Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,143 1,006 12.4 1,092 13.4 8,272 985 11.9 1,062 12.8

Transportation and material moving

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,842 1,304 14.8 1,422 16.1 9,163 1,330 14.5 1,435 15.7

INDUSTRY

Private sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,935 7,601 6.5 8,494 7.3 118,968 7,578 6.4 8,512 7.2

Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,337 28 2.1 30 2.3 1,344 29 2.2 35 2.6

Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,598 7,573 6.6 8,463 7.3 117,624 7,548 6.4 8,477 7.2

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . 735 32 4.4 35 4.8 721 34 4.7 38 5.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,844 1,102 14.0 1,156 14.7 8,169 1,048 12.8 1,125 13.8

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,670 1,328 9.1 1,461 10.0 14,861 1,340 9.0 1,444 9.7

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,194 836 9.1 913 9.9 9,401 850 9.0 917 9.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,477 492 9.0 548 10.0 5,460 490 9.0 527 9.6

Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,778 839 4.5 940 5.0 18,736 805 4.3 928 5.0

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,291 147 4.5 160 4.9 3,351 137 4.1 158 4.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,487 692 4.5 780 5.0 15,385 669 4.3 769 5.0

Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,232 1,139 18.3 1,225 19.7 6,467 1,116 17.3 1,185 18.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,205 903 17.3 978 18.8 5,410 904 16.7 968 17.9

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,028 237 23.0 247 24.1 1,057 212 20.1 217 20.5

Information3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,464 242 9.8 264 10.7 2,536 244 9.6 260 10.3

See footnotes at end of table.

1
HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES

42. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation and industry

2017 2018

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Publishing, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 17 3.6 19 4.1 437 17 3.9 18 4.2

Motion pictures and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 43 11.4 45 11.8 395 49 12.5 50 12.6

Radio and television broadcasting and

cable subscription programming. . . . . . . . . . . 544 42 7.8 47 8.7 526 41 7.7 45 8.6

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814 131 16.1 138 17.0 851 131 15.4 138 16.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,067 217 2.4 278 3.1 9,148 192 2.1 253 2.8

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,720 101 1.5 142 2.1 6,770 99 1.5 137 2.0

Finance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,156 46 1.1 67 1.6 4,244 55 1.3 81 1.9

Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,563 55 2.1 76 2.9 2,526 43 1.7 56 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . 2,348 117 5.0 135 5.8 2,379 94 3.9 115 4.8

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,739 335 2.3 407 2.8 15,228 390 2.6 481 3.2

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . 9,328 162 1.7 210 2.2 9,718 148 1.5 203 2.1

Management, administrative, and waste

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,412 173 3.2 198 3.7 5,510 242 4.4 278 5.0

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,324 1,798 8.1 2,077 9.3 22,982 1,853 8.1 2,144 9.3

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,600 526 11.4 621 13.5 4,828 632 13.1 748 15.5

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . 17,724 1,272 7.2 1,456 8.2 18,154 1,221 6.7 1,396 7.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,748 374 2.9 428 3.4 12,582 367 2.9 436 3.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . 2,424 144 5.9 157 6.5 2,390 136 5.7 159 6.6

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . 10,324 230 2.2 271 2.6 10,193 231 2.3 277 2.7

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,454 106 7.3 114 7.8 1,369 113 8.3 127 9.3

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . 8,870 124 1.4 158 1.8 8,823 118 1.3 150 1.7

Other services3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,994 167 2.8 192 3.2 6,192 159 2.6 184 3.0

Other services, except private households.. . 5,390 164 3.0 186 3.5 5,431 155 2.9 179 3.3

Public sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,956 7,216 34.4 7,951 37.9 21,131 7,167 33.9 7,868 37.2

Federal government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,652 972 26.6 1,131 31.0 3,707 977 26.4 1,128 30.4

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,103 2,153 30.3 2,371 33.4 7,109 2,035 28.6 2,259 31.8

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,201 4,091 40.1 4,449 43.6 10,315 4,155 40.3 4,481 43.4

1 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

2 Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

3

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated

businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2