HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES

5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Total White Black or African

American Asian

2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263,973 266,942 203,214 204,515 34,131 34,667 16,933 17,591

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164,287 167,116 125,957 127,327 21,236 21,886 10,921 11,439

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 62.6 62.0 62.3 62.2 63.1 64.5 65.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,291 161,037 121,908 123,165 19,937 20,674 10,615 11,096

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 60.3 60.0 60.2 58.4 59.6 62.7 63.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,996 6,080 4,049 4,162 1,300 1,212 306 344

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.6 3.2 3.3 6.1 5.5 2.8 3.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,686 99,826 77,257 77,188 12,895 12,781 6,012 6,152

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,617 130,476 100,122 101,059 15,740 16,067 8,013 8,325

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,421 88,877 68,162 68,892 10,259 10,543 5,775 6,057

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 68.1 68.1 68.2 65.2 65.6 72.1 72.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,203 85,500 65,924 66,524 9,617 9,943 5,610 5,852

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 65.5 65.8 65.8 61.1 61.9 70.0 70.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,218 3,377 2,238 2,368 642 599 165 204

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.4 6.3 5.7 2.9 3.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,197 41,599 31,959 32,168 5,480 5,524 2,238 2,268

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,965 121,714 93,759 94,665 14,508 14,801 7,566 7,858

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,276 85,683 65,738 66,407 9,866 10,159 5,671 5,955

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.3 70.4 70.1 70.1 68.0 68.6 74.9 75.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,409 82,698 63,743 64,316 9,294 9,617 5,517 5,764

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9 67.9 68.0 67.9 64.1 65.0 72.9 73.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,867 2,985 1,995 2,091 572 542 154 191

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.5 3.0 3.1 5.8 5.3 2.7 3.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,689 36,031 28,021 28,258 4,642 4,642 1,896 1,903

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,356 136,466 103,093 103,455 18,392 18,600 8,920 9,266

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,866 78,239 57,794 58,435 10,977 11,344 5,146 5,383

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 57.3 56.1 56.5 59.7 61.0 57.7 58.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,089 75,537 55,984 56,642 10,319 10,731 5,006 5,243

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.7 55.4 54.3 54.7 56.1 57.7 56.1 56.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,778 2,702 1,811 1,794 658 612 140 139

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.5 3.1 3.1 6.0 5.4 2.7 2.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,490 58,227 45,298 45,020 7,415 7,257 3,774 3,884

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,937 128,005 96,967 97,338 17,141 17,329 8,471 8,788

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,736 75,074 55,352 56,021 10,631 10,958 5,044 5,266

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 58.6 57.1 57.6 62.0 63.2 59.5 59.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,283 72,692 53,767 54,441 10,034 10,420 4,912 5,134

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 56.8 55.4 55.9 58.5 60.1 58.0 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,453 2,382 1,585 1,580 596 538 132 131

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.8 5.6 4.9 2.6 2.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,201 52,932 41,615 41,317 6,511 6,371 3,427 3,523

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,071 17,223 12,488 12,512 2,482 2,537 895 945

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,275 6,360 4,867 4,899 739 769 206 218

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.8 36.9 39.0 39.2 29.8 30.3 23.0 23.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,600 5,647 4,398 4,408 608 638 187 197

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.8 32.8 35.2 35.2 24.5 25.1 20.8 20.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675 713 470 491 131 131 20 21

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 11.2 9.7 10.0 17.7 17.1 9.6 9.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,796 10,863 7,621 7,613 1,743 1,768 689 727

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.

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