y 

You know I have not communicated with this man now for months

And I find it quite acrimonious to have him in the Court Room with

Me if there is a total lack of communication. I also would like to

Address the fact that I still haven’t received all my Discovery as I

Have a Right to in order to not violate my Due Process Rights as a

Prose litigant. The Discovery I am requesting now at least a third

Time to this court and many more times from the ineffective Counsel

Mr. Savage has gone unanswered which is not acceptable to me.

I have I believe in the past done a Motion to Compel the Court to in

Fact Compel Mr. Savage to comply with the NJ Rules of Court to no

Avail. I am prepared at this time if I get no response to my plea to

Initiate a Motion of a Writ of Mandamus to get the Discovery I need as

Well hold Mr. Savage accountable as well as the Federal District

Court accountable for negligence and bias in my case. This would

Not be necessary with a little cooperation. The Discovery I am

Requesting so there is no mistake is in fact the Evan F. NappenDiscovery I provided Mr. Savage in good faith of which he promised

To copy and send me back. As many of his promises went

Answered till today.

If possible I would like to have my former Federal Public DefenderMs. Linda D. Foster represent me at this time. If for any reason that

can not be made then I would like to have

Sanford Rader, Esq. as Counsel if that could be arranged. I have

Received my Pre-sentence Probation Report after corrections and

The proper editing has been made although not as complete as I

Would like with a lot of my academics missing as well as vocational

Certifications and skills not listed I will at this time accept it as written

And hope and pray that whatever legitimate counsel is provided for

Me will be able to clean up the horrible legal mess Mr. Steven E.

Savage has gotten me into.

Thank You Your Honor for your time and consideration in this

Important matter to me.

Respectfully Submitted
It appears from the Legal Mail I have received from the Federal District 3” Circuit of Appeals

Court that I am barred from Appealing both my Bail Motion and Plea Retraction Motion. 1

Find this not only highly prejudicial in my case but also somewhat in violation of my Due Process

Rights. This is why I believe my Rights have been prejudiced and violated.

1. Way back in the beginning I was without legal counsel because when being interviewed by

the 5A unit having to do with getting a Public Defender the interviewer disqualified inc

Because she believed by error that I owned the house I lived in and therefore had the means

To atThrd an attorney, which obviously was not true then or now,

2. My Charges were subsequently dismissed according to my ineffective counsel Mr. Savage

Who I was able to retain later. According to his statement I have had all your state charges

Dismissed and as I told you I never lost a case in Bergen County NJ. Obviously he lied.

3. The only reason I decided to proceed Pro-se was because my Counsel Mr. Savage was so

Ineffective that I felt and believed I couldn’t do much worse than what he was doing and

Because I was not reimbursed by the court from Mr. Savage being sanctioned tbr attorney Client violations I had no alternative but to discontinue his services. For the life of me I

Can not understand why the man is still coming to Federal District Court as my Stand by Counsel and obviously being illegally paid by the court after I retained him by binding

Signed contract to handle my case to the end for the sum of $22,000.00 pIus 3 equal payments Of $250.00 each. This just doesn’t make any sense to mc. I have also requested the FPD

Linda D. Foster to represent me. At least I feel I will not be betrayed by her as Mr. Savage

Has betrayed me by corroborating with the Federal Prosecutors and not doing anything for

Me legally after I had done all the necessary research in my case myself and handed

everything to him on a Silver Platter and still he didn’t do an adequate Motion to Suppress

The Evidence, Bail Motion and Probable Cause Motion which would have proven way in the

Beginning of this case that the charges against me are deficient. They are so deficient that I

Will further break it down to the language of a Cave Man could figure it out.

a. l3ost v. US pretty much says it all and there is nothing in l3ost v. US that says that the

Prior conviction needs to be quashed and or expunged or sealed as stated by your

Honor.

h. There’s the US Supreme Courts recent decision around June 27. 2010 that states that

Non of the 50 states of the United States can prevent its residents from owning a

firearm in their homes for their self protection and or the protection of’ their properties.

c. I also fall into another legal niche of being a business owner of where my Legally

Incorporated business is in fact my business address and when a business owner like

Me who just happens to be a NJ licensed Used Car Dealer who carries large sums of
In Essence Restoring my Full Gun Rights as stated in Bost v. US. And a plethora of

Other Citations that I am going to enclose in this letter for your perusal.

e. Even the “While Traveling Law as a Tourist’s I have the Right to Carry not alone

Possess a tirearm for my protection while traveling about the country and possibly

Encountering violence that the Right To Carry could and would prevent. This law is

Found in the Law Book Corpus Juris Secundum volume 94, page 597 states,”

Travelers” Under some statutes, persons traveling or on a journey are excepted fromProhibitions against the carrying of weapons. Now what part of this language doesn’t

Anyone seem to understand. OK the first thing the AUSA’s are going to say is, “Well

There’s no provision that claims a Prior Convicted Felon is exempt,” and you know

What they would be correct, as I am playing “Devils Advocate” However not so fast.I am not a Prior Convicted Felon anymore, remember I have already established this.

So if I am on my way to let’s say a CDL-A driving class as I was on September ioj’

2009 and had intentions to go to a shooting range in Pennsylvania which I did after

class and I’m subsequently detained by police who illegally impounded and then later

my car was illegally seached by a non professional and a gun was found where that

person had no permission to enter that part of my car, why is the concept so hard to

understand that the evidence should be suppressed and if the evidence is suppressed and

there is no evidence then what have you got other than a cluster of meaningless and

meritless reports with no value not to mention a pile of prosecutorial misconduct

violations that come later.

f. The only reason the Feds are involved in this case is because the Bergen County

Prosecutor bungled the whole thing. From Tampered evidence, from a warrantless

Search, to a Bogus complaint by a Sister scorned. Who by the way is involved in

Criminally strong arming my 90 year old mom into signing her paid off house solely

To her without my consent of which I am in the will as having half interest in the

Inheritance as stated in my moms and my dads will. Now you tell me who the real

Criminal is here. There’s also plenty evidence of a “Bivens Act,” violation here

Regarding the Chief of Police in my town of Washington Township having an on

Going animosity for me because in his Court Room I have prevailed in avoiding

Being guilty as charges over 9 times for Zoning Code and Ordinance Violations

Regarding Show Antique and Historic Muscle Cars that I exhibit for fund raising tbr

The Wounded Warriors Program. Wounded Veterans. Firemen and Police. The same

By the way Chief of Police who had an $0 Year Old World War II Veteran arrested

For selling American Flags during a Memorial Day Parade Celebration in my Town.

For the last and final time I am respectfully requesting that Mr. Steven F, Savage,

m

ineffective counsel be not only fired but replace by Linda D. Foster FPD as soon as
Respectfully Submitted:

I I I

I I .-

Daniel M. Furesz U.S.A,F. Retired

Monmouth County Correctional Institution

1 Waterworks Road, Freehold, NJ. 07728

H-i cell 103
I have at this time, to the best of my knowledge, fired my attorney Mr.

Steven E. Savaqe. I had no choice to fire him because of ineffective counsel.

Unfortunately I took

a plea offer that I truly believe was illegal, because as the

Record will show I was bum rushed into accepting it in the court room reading it

And not having the time necessary to absorb its content. Besides that the AUSA

Mr. Aaron Mendelsohn threatened me in Court with that if I didn’t take the plea I

Would never see the light of day, do the full 20 years I was exposed to and that

Unfortunate things in Federal Prison need not happen to me if I take the plea.

There are 3 criteria that have to be met or actually any one of them will

Suffice and I believe I met all 3 of the requirements to Retract my plea. First of

All you need to have been coerced or have taken

a plea under duress or undue

Influence of which I believe on the record I adequately proved. The second is to

Assert your innocence and better yet prove your innocence which again I believe

I did when on the record I quoted Bost v. US. Where Bost was convicted of

2

counts of unlawful possession of firearms by prior convicted felon he had his

conviction reversed by meeting 3 criteria:

1. He had his full Civil Rights Restored by having his voting Rights Restored.

2. He held public office like I do as

a NJ Licensed Notary Public

3. He was summoned to Jury Duty as I was twice and not disqualified

By Bost meeting these criteria to Restore his Civil Rights automatically his

Gun Rights were fully Restored. In McGrath v. US. Mr. McGrath didn’t even

have to meet all of those requirements to have his Gun Rights Fully Restored as

Stated in the Courts Reversal as the requirements just need to be diminished or

If I’m incorrect to the exact language in other words less than that of Bost.

Now I have sent Judge Sheridan many letters,

2 of which I fired formally

Mr. Savage. Yet when I went to court last on April 26, 2011, he was there as

Stand by counsel. For the past

4 months he has said absolutely nothing to me.

He has been totally useless and non communicative even though on the court

record he promised to meet with me on the first Friday of every month until this

case is over.

I am going to enclose with this letter some of the letters I have already sent

to Judge Sheridan in regards to Mr. Savage and my biased and prejudicial

treatment through my Due process rights being violated as well as constitutional

rights.
Respectfully Submitted:

I

/

Daniel M. Furesz — U.S.AF. Retired

Monmouth County Correctional Inst.1 Waterworks Road, Freehold, NJ.

H-i Cell 103 07728
innocence. The Constitutional right to bail especially when coupled with the

requirement that bail not be excessive supports the presumption. Bail is not

designed to punish — only to guarantee a defendant’s court appearance. The

defendant has been unjustly detained by the imposition of an excessive bail

amount.

The entire 1992 report ofthe State Supreme Court Task Force on Minority

Concerns should be mandatory reading for everyone concerned about the fairness

of our judicial system. Its conclusions concerning our criminal courts, particularly

bail practices deserve special emphasis. Some persons, ignoring individualrights, call for pretrial preventive detention — prison before conviction. That

is not permissible in our state (except in capital cases “where the proof is

evident or presumption great”). Nevertheless, bail practices too often make

preventive detention reality.

Advocates of preventative detention and judges, who set excessive bail

despite constitutional prohibitions, ignore the consequences. Defendants kept in

jail cost society as much as $100 a day. The poor, including large numbers of

minorities, imprisoned because they are unable to raise bail, are discriminated

against because they are poor. And the innocent, imprisoned with the guilty.

suffers the most of all. According to responsible researchers, terrible

çnseieiices visit defendants kept iflJflOfl before trial. Their families are

Motion — Municipal Bail Reduction
underlines “dramatic variances” — in the setting of initial bail, the use of bail

schedules, bail reviews and bail reductions, while citing an abundance of

procedural disparities involving timelines, fact gathering, the presence of the

defendant and counsel at bail hearings and bail conditions. Task Force statistics

show that many persons are kept in jail because they cannot raise bail of $500 or

less. Far more African Americans than Caucasians fall into that category. Of 234

offenders in the Task Force sample, 93 percent (217) were black and 7 (17)

percent were white. These are shocking figures.

For several years, “10 percent bail” has been a popular alternative for

some judges, an unpopular one for others. It permits high bail, but low cash. Such

bails have been set in thousands of cases and the practice has invited recent

controversy. The Legislature claiming (INCORRECTLY, as shown by a recent

New Jersey Supreme Court study) that 10 percent bail has caused a large number

of defendants to become fugitives, is considering a bill to eliminate its use — especially in drug cases, Elimination of the 10 percent alternative will swell our

prison populations, already unmanageable. It will increase discrimination against

the poor and minorities, who often have trouble meeting even 10 percent

requirements. And there may be a constitutional problem. Setting bail is a

discretionary function entrusted exclusively to the judicial branch of government.

Motion — Municipal — Bail Reduction 6
there is little differences between a charge and a conviction — does not like bail. It

prefers to keep every defendant in jail until conviction or acquittal occurs.

Consequently, when judges set bail, thereby returning prisoners to the

streets, they — the judges — often become targets of public criticism. Judges are

human. Hoping to avoid criticism they set high bails! sometimes in the

millions of dollars — abusing our Constitutions but improving their

popularity. This response ignores the central requirement that judges act with

independence, enforcing the law no matter how unpopular it may be. A bail

setting judge, acting with integrity and unafraid of criticism, does not need the 10

percent charade, Instead of ordering $10,000 bail with 10 percent cash, that judge

will set bail at $1,000— the truly sought guarantee of appearance. 10 percent

judges know that but prefer the popular pretense.

Even worse, because it affects every person imprisoned before trial, is the

arbitrary nature of bail setting practices. Any experienced judge reviewing bails

set by others — and reviews are daily occurrences — is bound to be shocked by the

enormous differences in approach. These widely divergent bail decisions are

rarely supported by more than perfunctory reasons. The conclusion is

inescapable: The amount of bail is simply a reflection of personal bias — the

bias of the judge who sets it.

Motion — Municipal — Bail Reduction 7
CORPUS Juats SEcuNDU1 WEAPONS

1 24

Courts determining whether the

applies generally consider distance, time, sfl

mode of the travel at issue.” In order to cO1fl

within the exception, a person need not travi

any prescribed distance, 1’or by any partleull

conveyance;’ similarly the purpose of lii

travel 18 and whether the traveler stays awl,

from home overnight, 1’are irrelevant. AsJ

practical matter in each case, the ultim*I

question is whether or not the person is onI

real journey, 18and the mere fact of cronlt

the boundary and passing back and forth froá

one county” or staten into another is ii

The exemption for a traveler, from the q

plication of a statute prohibiting the carrylfl

of weapons, becomes operative when a perC

sets out on a journey,” as when he or

enters a vehicle 22and the exemption continUl

“Ark.—Hathcote ,. State, 55 Ark, 181, 17 SW.

(1891).

“Ark.—HathCOte v. State. $5 Ark. 181, 17 SW.

(1891).

“Tax—Birch v. State, 948 S.W.2d 880 (Tax. Apt

Antonio 1997).

“Mo—State v. Collins. $79 S.W.2d 585 (Mo. Ct. Aif

WI). 1994)

Tex.—Matochn v. State, 890 S.W.2d 144 (Tea. Ap

Texarkana 1994), reh’g overruled, (Dec. 22, 1994) and p

tit.ion for discretionary review refused, (Jan. 10, L__..

‘—Hancock v. State, 106 Tex. Crim, 666,294

218(1927).

Tex._Matocha State, 890 S.W.2d 144 (Fez. A

Texarkana 1994), reli’g overruled, (Dec 22, 1994) and

tition for discretionary review refused, (Jan. 10, 1996).

“Tex,—Sodenflafl v. State, 915 S.W,2d 605 (Tea, A

Houston 14th That. 1996). reh’g overruled. (Feb. 1$, let.

“Tea—Williams v. State, 74 Tax. Cnn. 639, 161) ILl

1154(1914).

1$94 —LM., Jr.v. State, 6008° 2d 967 (Misa. l*

“Me —State a. Collins, 879 S.W.Sd 58$ (Mo. Ct. Al

WI). 1994).

Tea —Paulk v. State, 97 Tea. Crino. 415, 281

779 (1924)

3’Tei._Wortham a. State, 95 Tea. Cnn. 135, 252 $1

1063)1923).

“Tea _Campbeli v. State, 58 Tea. Cnn. 349, 121% ILt

893 V9i.

until the journey terminates.” The exemption

continues as long as the journey is being pur

,ued 2’in good faith, 28 and ends when the

journey doea. Mere delay does not deprive

one of the traveling defense but, when one

turns aside from his or her journey to partake

of any pleasure or business not connected with

the journey, he or she may lose his or her trav

eler status.”

While stopping in towns, villages, or cities,

travelers do not need weapons any more than

citizens do, 28 and consequently should lay

them aside” or change the manner of carry )l lug them so as not to offend against the stat. ‘ute,” unless the delay be slight, and the journev soon resumed. 31 During a merely

temporary cessation of the journey a traveler may carry a weapon while engaged in procur.

jag a conveyance 32or while engaged in, or

transacting other legitimate business con nected with, the prosecution of his or her

journey.”

After arriving in a city, a traveler should be

given a reasonable opportunity to dispose of

his weapons and comply with the law,” and if

he or she takes lodging in a hotel or t’)se hei-e

said individual may be deemed a traveler unli)

be or she reaches his or her roam But a trSv

eler has no right to carry weapons during the

remainder of his or her stay in the (‘ito- ia

though the cessation of the journey is only

temporary, a traveler is not entitled to carry a prohibited weapon while he on- she otrolls idly

through the streets or public places of the corn

munity,” or visits places devoted to garnbling’

or the sale of intoxicating liquor,” and mingles

generally with the citizens either for busInesS

or pleasure.ss

* 24 Other persons

Some atatutea prohibiting the carrying or

poaaeaalon Of weapons ezempt p(iatmaaters and mail cant’lpre, common carrier,, mili

tary prsonnel, and certain other persona.

Research References

W) ((cv Number Digi’,t ‘.4sopona r1 1, I ii a’ ‘

Statutes prohibiting the carrYing or posses.

alan of weapons apply to postmasters’ and

mail carriers,’ unless excepted by the

“Ark- (‘r v State, 34 Ark 445 (879 WI 1321

1879

“‘i’ez ‘—Stills a State, 27 -r App 441 ii C W 45S

(Ct App. 1889).

Tx ...Wt a State, 5) Ti’, (nm 368 211 SW 399

(1921)

“‘Tea—Ramp Stats, (16 Tea Ci-irn ‘87, 11 S W.24

652 (1930)

“Tx.—Bellard State, 74 Tea (‘rim. 110 1c7 S.W

340 (1914)

“‘Tex —Smith v State 7’ Tx (‘i itt, 489. 179 1 W

7)1 (191$)

“Tea ..A.Iexander ,‘ Stale, 17 T,’r rim 212 122

S,W 357)1909)

“Tx —Still, v Stole, 27 Tax App 41’ II ‘ W 41°

Ct App 1$79(

“‘l’ez Ale’oan,(sr v State Tea ‘o,i- 010 122

SW 397(10090

‘°Ark ( arr St,t,’ 74 Ark 44” 197’( WI I

1979

(SectIon 241

‘Mo State v ,Jzirk’a’ (0” N” )5 2. ‘2. ‘43.

1020

‘Tex .IotO,rn,r,’ ‘ (‘to,). 01 T,’, ‘ r-o,’ 4’V 1.1’;

SW IRS 191(0

the exception with the people, and has no general acqua1*

son for it, but tance among them.’ 2

e exemption is

o is travelling

r statutes the

evant. 8

is a traveler is

t is not depen

fact. 8 As a gen

deemed to be

n the meaning

she passes be

ghbors, friends,

and is no lon

her daily busi

duties,’ or decisive.

ne’s daily busi

er test,” but it

in the ordinary

usiness, passes

ht into contact

d 967 (Miss. 1992)

SM (Mo Ct App

680 (Tea, App San

pp. 68. 703 S W.2d

181, 17 SW. 721

584 (Mo 19921.

F.2d 1260 (5th Cir.

880 (Tax App San

App 68, 703 S.W.2d

2d 967 (Miss. 1992).

on charge of uniaw

on engaged in mar’

ti 30 (Tea App Pal

Ark 236. 138 S.W

241, 61 NE 566

519. 1875 WL 1196

Tex,—Grant a. Stats, 112 Tea. Cnim 20. 13 S.W 2d

889 (192$).

Tex.—Navarre v State, 50 Tax Cnn. 326, 96 S.W ‘932 (19061; Lawaon a. State, 31 SW. 845 (Tex Cri,,,

c’App. 189$).

“Tex.—Grant a, State, 112 Tea. Crim 20, 13 SW 2d

g889 (1928).

US.—U.S. a. Pozoe. 697 F.2d 1238 (5th Cir 1983).

3t Tex.—Birch a. State, 948 S W.2d 880 (Tea App San

Antonio 1997).

j Effect of Interruption

Under concealed weapona statute exempting persons

‘—sealing on continuous journea peaceably through the

)tate, testimony of defendant’s girl friend that he ama.,)

In Carthage from country of Mexico evening before his Sr

yrest and planned to go to Alton, Illinma, night of his an

rest did not convert hia shopping trip to Carthage into

(rentinuous journey thrnugh the state

Mo -State a. Baker, 639 S.W.2d 617 (Mo. t’t App

S.D. 1982).

‘Miaa.—Roaamsn a. City of Okolona. 85 Miss 583, 37

5.641 (1905).

a—Smith a. State, 77 Tea Cnn 4339, 175 SW

p711 (191St

I A1a.—Eslava a State, 49 Ala. 365, 1873
Consus Juars SECUNDtIU WEAPONS t 26

statutory

il offIcers, 4

civil offic

enue offic

lar kind as 

arged with 

nse to drill 

t regularly 

er military 

le to criti

n held that

t expressly 

ide of the

nlawful to 

hey are in 

’

making it

ar certain

an exemp

n the busi

something 

mon carry

or engaged

other than

ht or pas

others em

225W 140

22 SW 140

44 S E 595

im 490, 145

11 S.E 735

44 N.E. 138

, 8 SW 650

110 P 1131

yees’ p15cc of

110 P 1131

110 P 1131

359 IN P 111

ployed in guarding the trains, depots, or othet’

property of common carriers,”

§26 On owner’s premises

Under ,ome ,tatute, Use carrying or pee

session of a forbidden weapon I. lawful if at

one’, home, prenhise,, or place of business,

and unlawful If off of such property

Research References

West’s Key Number Digest: Weapons ‘8811, 15.5) to 64)

Under some provisions, one’s home ot

abode,’ place of business,’ and other lands pos. sessed by him or her’ are expressly excepted from the operation of statutes making If, I unlawful to carry or possess weapons, and, o

course, under such statutes the carrying o’

possession of a prohibited weapon is lawful LI at one’s home, 4premises,’ or place of buslo

ness,’ and unlawful if off of one’s premises’ m place of business,’ This does not mean, how’

ever, that the exception confers any right tO

have or carry weapons on one’s premises rn violation of some other provision of the law.’

§26 On owner’s premises—What

constitutes premises

A person Is at lila or her home or on his or

Fla.—State v, Paulk, 688 So, 2d 60 (TIa. Diet. Cli

App. 5th D1t. 1991).

Hawaii—State v. Jenkins, 93 Maw 87, 997 P.2d 1*

(Raw. 20001

Pa —Corn a. Lopez, 523 Ps. 126, 565 A.2d 437 (1989.

‘US—Marshall v Walker, 958 F. Supp. 359 (NI). Ill,

1997).

Ge—Ely v State, 222 Ga. App. 651, 475 S.E.2d M1

(1996)

Hawaii—State a Jenkins, 93 Maw, 87, 997 P.2d 11

(Maw, 2000)

‘Mich —People a Gatt, 77 Mich. App. 310, 28

NW21212(1977) a--’

‘DC—Morton v U S.. 183 F.2d 844 (D.C. Cii’. 19501,

‘Tea —Baggrtt a State, 20 S.W.2d 774 (Tea (‘nfl,

App 1929).

‘Tea —Hutchins a State. 51 Tea. Cnim. 339, 101 $.W

795 1907). 9)

‘Tez.—Mire)ee v. State, 80 Tea. Crim. 648. 192 8 W.

241 119171.

‘Tex.—Hutchina a State, 51 Tea. Crim 339. 101 14 W

795)19071. .5

‘Tea —Gibbs v State, 70 Tea. Cniin. 278, 156 S.W,4

687 11913).

her own premises, so as to be exempt from a statutory prohibition againat the carrating or possession of weapons, If he or sh,’ llvp, on the premise, and has exclusive pos,es sion, without respect to whether he or she has legal title thereto.

Research References

West’s Key Number Digest. Weapons 8811, 11) 1) to ‘3)

As used in statutes allowing the carrying or possession of weapons when on one’s abode or own premises, the word “premises” means one’s residence or domicile, 1and is synony mous with land.’ For a person to b at his or her home or on his own premises, it is not nec essarv that he or she have the legal title thereto.’ In essence it is sometimes more a question of the fact of possession than it is of the right of possession or the ownership of the fee.’ The exception is ordinarily satisfied if the person lives on the premises’ and has exclu sive possession’ or some degree of actual dominion or control’ of that part of the pre miees on which the alleged offense was committed, The act of living or being on the premises must normally be with the permis sion or without the rightful interference of a person entitled to interfere or to terminate the occupancy.’ Continuous residence on the premises is not required, if a person regards such premises as his home, and stays there

when not engaged elsewhere.’ Moreover, a place of temporary residence may comprise

T8ection 261

‘Pa.—Ccim. a. Ortjz, 558 Pa. 473, 738 A.2t1 403 11999’

‘NC—State a. Tarry, 93 N C. 885, 1556 WL 1741

(1855).

‘rax’—Craig a. State, 60 Tea. Cnirn 195, 131 S W

82 (1910).

‘N.C.—State a. Perry, 120 N C 580, 26 SE. 912

(1897).

‘rex—Fields a. State, 74 Tea Cnn 70, 166 S IV

1186(1914).

‘Ark—Brown a. State, 159 Ark. 495, 252 SW j)i 31

A,L.R. 1128 (1923).

Motel room

Fla,—Coc)kin a. State, 453 So. 2d 1811 :lha. [list. Ct

App. 3d Dist. 19841.

‘Ark.—Clark a. State, 49 Ark. 174,4.9W 655(1887)

j ‘Ga—Smith a State, 14 Ga App. 823. 82 S.F 355

1 (1914).

‘Pet—Rather a State, 87 Tea (‘rim. 624, 224 S lv

176 (1920).

the premises cool enipintecf liv tin I’c)’te irti

In other o,-ds. a person n,iv liivu’ Inor’ ‘ban one place of residence.”

S’poiLccr (x rid t’/i uluf,-,’t’

Within the meaning of the ext’eiulinn ft the carrying of weapons on One’s own premtses, the place of resldence of one of two married persons who have only tc’mporaril separated, and have not been divorced,” may he deemed the premises of the other while the latter ti staving there.” Ijowpver premises owned by one of such persons in common with others, and occupied by a third person, are not tha premises of the other spouse Where a par ent and a child make their brims tng’();pr the premises of the one may be regarded as the premises of the other” within the limits of the curtilage,” and also outside of such limits, if there exists the requisite element ‘f contr,,I over the outlying premises

Lnd!nrds and (CrtClfl(s.

Under a statutory exception permitting the carrvtng or possession of weapons on one’s own premIses, a tenant may carry or possess weapons on the leased premises, t’and also ito

the landlord’s adjacent premises comprising in effect a part of the property demised “This rule applies even though the lease has cx

“Fez -—Carnpbet) a Stuit 25 ‘lox Ap 1 44 11 S W 832 Ct. App 18891

“Tea Rather c State, 47 ‘Fet (‘rim 1124, 224 ‘ IV 77619201

t’Tes 9olnsky Stuite, 90 lea I rim 9’)’ lt.le S W

742 1922’

“Tea —tones State 07 lea turn 1)’ 2)”) 9 5; 554) ‘1924’

“Tea liraanoi, v Stiuti’ 27 ‘)‘ex A;u 1, 4’9 ‘15 IV I’ll (Ct App 1887

“To, ‘ Itarher Stat,’ 5” Tea I ott, 1,4 .174 55W

776 19201

“Ark ‘I,e,nnton’, a Sh,l, ‘5’ Ark “ ‘ 2): ‘ ‘A’ 40.;

(1902)

‘Ark —‘--I.coimon’ V ‘-‘nit,’, ‘1i: A’ k 5” ‘.5 44 180$

1Te5 - Rogers t Stat,’ 1,’, ]7’ I rn: I.) 7(1 < W

1)37 5900)

“iS’s —Muncie, a Stuit,’ i, 1” ‘ run’. 45 11’ .1 ‘A

241 1917

6’)
Coapus Juius SECUNDUM WEAPONS

ualification

tion of the

the tenant

es belong,

ant. How

ation, the

not include

privilege of 

rpose, as to

ure,” or to

r for fence

such lands

ses of the

he premises

gh deemed

the employ

id to be the

e statutory

ons on one’s

been held,

195, 131 SW.

20 SW. 404

W. 719(1891>

2d 403 (1999)

2, 45 S.W 711

Crim. 151, 58

, 20 SW 404

, 20 SW 404

22, 167 A 221

, 233 SE 159

26 S K 1(15

5 76 S.F 103

873 ‘AL 4,1

he or she lives on the premises,” unless, it

has been held, he or she is in or near his or

her lodgings.”

27 On owner’s premises—Place of

business exception

Under statutes excepting one’, place of

business from a prohibition against the car

rying or possession of weapons, “place of

business” may be described broadly as the

place where a person earns his Hvellbeod.

Research References

West’s Key Number Digest: Weapons esli, 111.5) to (3)

Within the import of statutes excepting

one’s place of business from a prohibition

against the carrying or possession of weapons,

“place of business” may be described broadly

as the place where a person earns his or her

livelihood,’ This place, however, may not

extend indefinitely or illimitably. 2It may not

embrace the open woods’ or prairie, 4or the

public roads,’ or other place in connection with

which the person invoking the exception has

no right of exclusive appropriation. 4The place

of business contemplated by the exception has

reference to a particular locality appropriated

to a business, 1and includes not only the store’

‘Tea—Baird v. State, 38 Tea. 599, 1873 WI. 7471

(1573>.

4TeBsird v. State, 38 Tea. 599, 1873 WI. 7471

(1873)

Ga —Fey v, State, 33 Ga, App. 6743, 127 SE. 619

(1928)

‘Ga—Reagan v State, 16 Ge App, 369, 85 S.F. 353

Sidewalk

(1915).

Sidewalk, which is subject to regulation use by Uia

tnuninpality, does not come within the language “except

when en his own land or in his own abode or ftxed place

of buatness” as an exception to statute prohibiting posses

sion of a handgun, even if the sidewalk Is in front of the

defendant’s place of residence.

Ill.—Peopl v Carter, 111 111 App. 3d 994, 67 III

Dec 604, 444 N.E. 3d 540 (4th Dist. 1983).

‘Tx.—Bsird v State, 38 Tea. 599, 1373 WI. 7471

(1573)

or shop,’ but also the factory 11and the farm.”

However, the term is generally limited to persons who have a proprietary or possessory interest in the business whose premises are at

issue, 12 and does nOt reach employees.” In ad dition, some courts hold that an illegal busi ness cannot qualify as a business for purposes of the exemption.’ 4

As to persons engaged in transportation, some courts have held that the term includes the conveyances on which they ride in the per formance of their duties.” but the weight of authority appears to be that vehicles cannot be places of business for purposes of an exemption

Determining the applicability of the place of business exception involves a mixed question of law and fact. 1’A number of factors may bear on the applicability of the place of busi ness exception, including whether or not the weapon could reasonably be considered neces

sary or authorized for protection of persons or property, and whether application of the

exception would defeat the overriding purpose of the statute, which is to limit the use of con

cealecl weapons.’ Thus, the place of business

‘Tea—Baird v, State, 38 Tea, 599, 1873 WI. 7471

11873).

“Ga—Newman v, Griffin Foundry & Machine Cc,, 138

Ga. App. 518, 144 S.F. 356(1928).

“Ga.-’--Coker v. State, 12 Ga, App 425, 76 SE. 103

(1912).

“D.C —Scott ,U.S., 392 A.2d 4 (D.C 1978)

“D.C.—Berkley v. U. S. 370 A.2d 1331 (DC 19773

lit—People,. Free, 112 111. App 3d 449, 68 111 D.c

81, 445 N.E.2d 529 (4th 1)1st. 1983)

Ind.—Youngblood v State, 515 N £ 3d 522 (md

1987)

“Ind.—Youngblood v. State, 515 N E.2d 822 (lnd

1987)

“Cal—People v. Marott,a, 128 Cal App 3d .Supp 1,

180 Cal Rptr. 611 (1981>.

Tea—Barker v. Satterfield, Ill SW 437 (Tea C,’,’

App. 1908).

“D.C.—Yirenkyi v. Diatrict of Columbis Hackers

LicenseAppealfld,520A.2 435(DC1957)

Iowa—State v. Erickson, 362 N W.2d 528 (Iowa 1965’.

exception dona not apply when the (‘Orson joc

sessing the weapon does so to accomplish some illicit purpose, or where the weapon is used for some purpose outside the scoui f the business

7.

“

Charges 071(1 Defenses

§ 28 Charging of offenses

In a prosecution for carrying or posse,,. a weapon, the ffen,o must be ebsi-ged

with precision and certainty.

Research References

West a Key Nu,nber Digest Weapon’, “C’ 3’ 3

Like indictments and other charging instru

nients generally, those issued in weapons

prosecutions are required to contain the Pie

ments of the offense charged, fairly apprise the defendant of the charges against which he or she must defend. and afford protection against the risk of double (eopardv in the

event of conviction.’ In a prosecution for car rying or possessing a weapon, the offense must be charged with precision and certainty,’ in language which is at least as descriptive of the offense as is the language of the statute.’

It is necessary to allege all the essential ele

ments of the offense as defined by th stat

Mteh...—People v Wall, 0,172 Mich App 748 432

N.W 3d 427 ‘1965’

“N V — People v McWilliams, 96 Mi 24 3346 43)9 N V.5 3d 610 (County Ct. 1978)

“N V. People v McWittiiuns, 943 Misc 24 4348. 40)> N VS 3d 610 (County Ct. ltt7S

“N V — People v McWilliams, 933 Mis, 24 64R 3719 N V.5 24 610 (County (.‘t 1(37)’

ISeetion 251

‘Wv,, —Tsy(nr v State, 7 P34 (‘3 Wv,, 2003)

‘Me - State v Longtev, (1’) Mc 53’ 31 233)

‘1(3273.

‘Tea . Onto v State 2”) ‘3W 2) 103 Ti’, ( ,,e,

App 1(355

C’ttatiun

I,, contrast tc a c,,nnp(ai,,t ,,,,,,t’,rrnat,,,a ii c,t’it,nn

us issue,). hr an offic-i’r a) the seen, and di’fendauts s,

chHrged ace aware of the ttarti”utar incident f”r rt,,ct

they are charged, aunl prnsimnt,ty know the facts under(y

jog the charge (‘nnoq,o’nt(s ,,(thei,gh It,, i*’oiCiitiS( ,>e

mems rule app tiesin a ‘,tat ion, Ii’s, ‘pee,R’,t a re,n,,nn,(

Limitations,

Vehicles.

‘Tea —Baird v State, 3$ Tex. 599, 1873 WI. 7471

>1873>.
t’t 1 1. 1 .o’ ‘ 3 a 4 t

I. 33t

I S I I Spo 111 ,tttt rd

00 1 3’ 313 Cr314 I •4 ‘,(

I — ‘El N 33” 123’ 1 h I2o 121

) Virgin 1shnda 1991 1. ndrt .o:’ I-.

1143 rd p—’ S.D,W,Va. 2000. 13urea ‘

Ot tt. St 3111 33 all Ilk .1 dCtEldak’t hl”LCtt a’lC rptattns Art’ lallut

“lN’.t 2 ‘133’ N 11 E1’N3 IVWEI .11 thIt: lIntEl felon I aDpllh.1ti4tt

ht jfrItO’ o, .o’trt’cd - ,IJltk’tE do t’EtIknllkVtl 011 ElI. 033,

ll ‘.13th ir 1-r3da 31 IEEE pCI- -.. 2 ot n t tututr a dèt, of

itO’ ‘1 Ic EU UE .131 13 rrltE.r’ ,t, 01111331 the C.1tlitt 3lOf ECCIIOIt 041411111

tEttEE 3 1 ‘02 S101131 4 \ i dat3unal t-p rens nt for applie.1ti to S

,ii Fedet a ha. IrmI dl”htte’. I t’t4t lit lCkt’ O t’pt Nand’ 114313.1,1 3’ 0211

34 SE11’ 5132 .Ot’lmed 111 1 “ 1 1 S tarO. 122 1 Supp 22 ‘Sd

NC 1311313, 2301311 114 5(3 3( s , si wva. 2000. In ordt 11

Uallt N g111I for ptlWe%%1Oti 0. Itt eartO 33

U Wash t97. ReElk’otl 133 tEtl1t t 3 .33 settlt 43133113 Ot 310113113.3.. or 2IUp 1t,tltt

t I 30(14 01 tk lendani earlier 0013.1133.1 10113, pos Ortlfllellt tnu’tt pt ote that boa 33

300 111133.11 1443431 a’, predicat t’ltlot’, for p.’,e’.ed In furtherancc of trimE 3.3.3313

lE lEt 133 rOE 331 1 43111 ‘1131 dId 331. eqIrte 11 L S I. A. ‘1241t.)t 11.

4 42 301 (0011 1 iI31’artIlS N 131113110113

11131., doubt tI t 3Wr3 ‘“

S.D.W.VL 1995. Fret 30111 01110 (III

1111 a. ,S Sb A. 11 122,01’ 11001 lot attempted grand theft attto and

SC APP II ‘I3’ Ftf I 21)2 a 23’ t11 ,

13den p10013115 oere not ptedtcate lift lENt 

11 22S

needed for clarrent charpe of betng 111113

i3agir n°0 F S tpp 221 afftrmed, poloelNlon of a fireamt giten that 011311 Itt 

paIl rcNcraeO tn port 537 F 2d ‘S WNtoa detendani N dIll rfghtn and 01110 I

EtlIt)t rl 241,3,311 109 5.111 104 453’ U S hibiti IEEe Ott Orearnil poNseeaLon b perrt, 11

1:n41fl5lat4ftNPrtf tot apph

dn

BEEtlE-WI I Ill I1k4ili•tt 111 tlliEtEtEtJ 311 1.

d hIon, WOE, a3neIn tot’ publIC toIlEt fr s,Ww,va. 1994. Coattetton for bc,I,1

13 1 411 1 13233 at pnt 2enu. and It 113 felon n OWCWtOfl ci a firearm t0000l be 1)11 I

llteatttl’, WON Ir,ttn th’,e br1t&’cd 11) hated on pt04lous felona c0110Cton lot Nsfnt I

ater tIlrt’at t El 11310130111 3333131 1111311 1 113.10011 coil rtght’, hose been restored hIlt., 

El 11131 133. frI tt t” clrare,l Ia hello, 011013 eeprtoeh prurtdei that petIt ti tit.

5 I’d i 11 1 ot. App 1 311 Ed not 11ip tr0fl10it pll11eNs Or rerroe hrr attt

—

Ill othrt rNrttdN felons lonefulons for of .1 

Baple 0111 F Sotptt 221 ,lfllritlt.h aohodant had 133111 rtght re’,tuted ats 1,

1’41t 3111313433 to part F do I t. bed, 11 1111131 t.t.lnt.tdC, abort if to additton dcl 13,oll tlt, tllEtt itO S(,t tO4 4t I. 1 4,3131 titr,attn prleile5el are not renLriced 3 22 I Pd do 121 ‘tl. 3’ 53’ 921 .31 2(11 9221g311

B, 1’ II S. %nFS 424 ) 

—Tn’ 13iIihJ’tthtnnaeanioeol.t.t[

h1 dart ha’. ‘1341, CUrl .3 .131310 Otr j tile pi ecludit-t 4eoitvktton for hemp felso ‘t,

t p.i ‘poiii.tp I rE”tti13e the delco— I (31311 33.13011 of a flrearm if defendant 1 (1’ II ill

neht the 11311 tttlESt 101)11 1 IEEE 11ate been re’,tored to COtIt1130tiOn rttli 111331’

0 El lao I ,(tI,el ii .111 onh l& tfi’. 3.1313.31311011 dnotcs those nght areoi’ded 31331 

t’.,. I t dptelnlttt( 13.fEltEtfleI the stall. 1123301 hI lit-tue al 11’, ot her lEfttZefl%ftlp 31’

1)tWlth’EtdttdltlE ,( peucta t131311111111113 030’ Eul.1r’0atc and Is generalb deemed rIght 13’ 

3’, II pre I 31331 ,13I,E Iat CN’l.Otlt It t IEEE 111-111 to hold UhllC ofltee, and 11eht to

II 113101431 13’ 1 S( 3’ 113110 tIll 0011. 13’ USC A 3’ 921011201 

1 1322 I Bet cot 1.1.5 3’tt7 F Sttpp. 424

1’ letldt’l pt’lt’r 1011131111>tl ‘4llastI,1aL’ls ‘

o ,3i.I’thill,I’. In 1050 ttlakktle ‘ ,, ,-,ti,tdet atItEth 10 pro%2ut1’itl for beong a leloi

3 ..Etl,t olot t Etti It lee I po’,3” ,. 11,’43t’3, ‘alti Itt .1 firtalm In 03,1, otdance 01111 ,

‘., ‘ l1’.,’I tt’.’ the ‘EtlE Ott 33. i, 13(113% rt’%EOlUtId 0 piIlSlIlOtE of Etat iCt 131131 I 

3. to . . , kIlt. 1,4th E,l 13 tI

1 tIll 111(1 tO ‘tlt(t,OIi If defendant (31.1 kililt

EllA FPfl4tii’. 04’ WEAPONS 1D131

For rt$ereneas to other tuphIs see flescrtptfve.Word Judas

hare been test’lied IL%’OI 41031 ,II I tgltt lIt d 1 43’t’t3001 11 430113 1 31 — 113 r .tt” ‘ I. S I

not be I’ it 11 IlItIt It tb11,t1”t,3 .3’j ItO ‘2’ ,1 20 kId) 3 1 be It ..,1

1..S(.A 11021 33121’ 1 1 S 1 1101143’. Sl13’’’4I143’N1’It

- ‘It’1f2 3

In dek 110111103’ 13.111311141 1)131(013 3. t 3111 Iid 11 2000 I dt ‘a) 41,311311’ 01 Ill 31113133

hate been e’0ored 1 ti pE313’ 111”, III 111111113 1 43t ItO OttO l3,43’,E ‘ 1 31 3111 1 1 , 3) .3 ‘11111 Ii

oh,din. ,,ont lOtIOn 11.; ben 13 a 33 Ic’,. I’, 14,10’. , I I 1 lIflE 1 .114 1’ 1’ 11 11 It 1111031

1300 (1 ,‘l ftrra 01 3 defo’,Id.Il 3 , 11131 3101,1, 13011 1111 11141 1 ‘I3’1 C 4 30 1 II 1 III’ 111,11

I been rtstored 11131, reg.”d It pllor 1311115 101 11 tt ‘11 I 1 1.111 ‘.‘al’lI, Il 1 1 3 1’. ‘111311

1331111 Itoh 1 1EIl,’le lots 13(1111 ,4343. lit 3331)30 t( 0 .1411 I’ll’, I 1.3 ‘1 3131

qutntl’ for staIr 11011113’ to1 Ct’tiIlOl 4313 ii at I I 101.3 1 111 tl t,) 311’ ‘ I ‘I ‘ S I. It

of ttght 1331331,. for 3.11111111111 Ito beo,t,, ar.tl tEl l2l.lI 11

pt t,e,dures f ‘El alluitn,tis r alt 111 14 , 3 3’ 1 S All, Ia 124 1 51101 3 1

cole’, of dI’t’.hatgE 11311 13113’ 1ght’t hO ‘Eflb

I tleln of letltl’llE 3. ItIlposE 11 do telinlIlaliOn 13 1 Is

ba11dIll 011151 StatE lao, 431313551113’ Npl’htlIl. 31%

rtghtlt if 1. 511 A 3’ 9211.11120’

Bergets I S,3’7ESopp 424

______

flrtertntnarion 1.1130 Stat,. lao proflIbtE’, ‘31

creates sognzfattt harriet to defendant perlen I FlItWis, 1991, Slalu’ii lIIltih ‘ItO 01

11100130 of tort ert tdr prrt.ludr’ 1lt’Edln3’! 11330 4331311 11311133 (31131, pI0,,eStng lI”rlt- It’ ‘33 11 therr’ hat, brn subtt,anttal relteratittn of d’h It’ t 1131.13113’ ,l,p’r’,tatl’ • 1 430301(3 requi’ 1 133I’.13’ Ii’

dant i. 133111 nghtt. 1113011 11,13312 bar defendant “ 11113311 tO’ PflW tl,ai fit Ik4rnI p1’lNelllon 11)

convIction of being felon Ott lSIElSSt’-1S10I, of .3 I 3.Jtle’Otlll affect’, InleIltat, C .3ltltltelrt

firearm arrordingis ftrearnt rllflN1EtlOtt ‘11313. I St A (tOo’,’ Att I 3’ 13. t:. 1 II I St A

not be aroided where right to petforrn
bandon the pur. 

2d I 0r’

hn to echane

ursues an ppor 

ponsibilit under 

sing of a firearm 

drug trafficking 

ortunits was pre 

s 18 F. S.C.A.

2d l9

s of determining 

rged as felon in

deral law gener 

n from firearms 

atutes of general 

coil rights 18 

SC f1994 Ed.) 

23

suspended sen

al crime of being 

, when he was 

d when he was 

rights restored, 

o his conviction 

nder federal stat 

I S U.S.C 11994 

t 2, § U Art 3,

1 lie)

. 23

er barred from 

ode hhurd law 

bstance comic- 

ng felon in pos 

l statute, even if 

d, tinder Rhode 

n IS U S.C.A. 

d.i § 92Ifa1C201: 

12) ll-’47--5(a) 

21

convition for

th crime of vio 

nent of firearm 

ning crime and

ish weapon dur

uld he convicted

r who could be 

d hi other con 

nce of conspira. 

and petitioner 

tors intenriorm.

‘ti4

criminahaing 

ed telon is valid 

nder Commerce

statnie contains

iatuic’ s applura—

954 FPD4th e40

non to cases that contain requisite nexus be

iween firearm and interstate commen u US (.A Consi. Art I, § ci 3 IS U Si, f S 9221g’

US s. Bell 897 F

M.D.Tenn. 1992, In determining whetfi,’i defendanr is ‘ convicted felon prohibited ui

lederal law from possessing firearm, court niust first determine whether defendant a cisil rights to vote, to seek and hold public office, arid to

acne on jun have been restored and, if so whether state has expresl limited defendant ‘u I

firearms privileges: if civil rights have nor bern restored, or if there is any limitation on deteri

dam’s right no possess any type of firearnur

because of his conviction, he is subject to fedcr al firearms disabilities. 18 U S C A

§ 9211a1(20), 922tg 1tIi.

v.White,808FSupp 536

Defendant was “convicted felon’ for put- poses of convicted felon in possession of firearm

charge, even though Tennessee statutes alleged

is did nor prohibit him from possessing firearm in connection wnth his Tennessee felony offense of grand larceny, as defendant had not shown that hit ciuil rights to s’ote and to seek and hold public office had been restored under Tennessee law IS U,S.C,A, § 921(a1(20), 922(glil), T.C.A § 22—1—102, 39—17—1307, 40—20—114

40—29—101, 40—29—102, 40—29—lOSfl,,Xl, 31’ 1. S v. White, 808 F.Supp. 586.

M,D.Tenn. 1992, Individual ma be con victed of being a felon in possession of a firearni following a state conviction onh if possession of firearm was illegal under state law by reason uf the prior felony conviction, regardless of wheth er there has been an affirmative act of restoring

the individual’s civil rights 18 U.S.C.A

§ 92lia)1201. 922f gill).

Harriss U.S., 793 F.Supp 754

rZdanr could notbe convicted of being a felon in possession of a firearm based on prior Tennessee felony conviction for fraudulent use

of aritomobile, where, under Tennessee law, his

right to bear arms was restored to him upon

ienrninatiun of probation, in that the offense was

not infamous crime and was not committed

through use of force or violence, 18 U.S,C.A, §‘g 9hiatf2Ot, 922(g)(1), T.C.A. § 39—4921

tnoss § 39—6—1716t, 39—17—l3O7thuil1(Al, 40—

2712 (now § 40-20-1121.

Ham S793FSupp54./

E.D.Terc. 2000. Congress failure to pro vide binding to Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and

Firearms ATF) for reviewing applications by

convicted felons seeking relief from disabilities

under Federal Firearms Act did not suspend section of Act prosiding relief from firearm

disabilities, hut nierelv suspended ATF s abilnt

N,D.Tex. 1996. Storage of firearni neat drugs intended to be distributed without more, does not Constitute offense of using or earning flrear-m in connection with drug irafTicking a. iii ities IS U.S.CA § 924(c) US. i. Pecina, 952 F.Supp 409, affnrnied 129 F.3d 607, certiorari denied 118 S Ci 1108, 522 t’S. l141, 140 L.Ed2d 161

N.D,T, 1989. Robber 5 of savings and loan assocration was “crime of violence ‘ within meaning of prohibition against use or can rug of firearm during crime of violence. tS U.S C.A § 924(cf uu.)(3)(B U.S.s. Farguson 721 F Supp. 128

N.B.Tgs,. 1988. I’oSseSsu,tn ,) ,

substans u’ with intent to drsunhurt- is dn trafficking ci trite is ithtn meaning if statute prohibiting use of firegim in relation to drug trafficking crime IS F SC A S 1245cr Corn preliensise Drug Abuse Preseutijuun and Control Act 01 1970 il 4ft(g), 1 21 1 S C. A § 841(a)fi

F S s Puullac-k, 7(11 F .Supp 11 affirmed gpo F 2d 1162

W.1).Tex, 1999, Cons nctioiu for possession of grin in intetstate conmnuerc-e islnk suth’je,.i to restrainrng order did not vu slate duit proc u-is event if defendant was uuiasvaue of statuitturs prohibition us C A C cost Aumeiicf S 18 ISC.A. 922 (gSS. F S s Spn.nli 611’ Supp 2d 58”

fll, tab 2001, Possession tnieafls ,sc tiri phi sic a) possession oust as lois i tie ufa d, tugs it

s see same Topic and Ke Number in Pocket Part

‘5A FPD4th,4l

WEAPoNS (4 For references to other topics, see I)escriptjvord Indes to in’s estigate or act upon applications for relief hi individuals 18 L.S.C.A § Bean s. U.S . 59 F.Supp 2d 528 affirmed 253 F3d 234.

‘.5, Convicted felon s failure to exhaust his ad. mninistrative remedies with Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms (ATFI pni’-’r t filrng petition for judicial relief from disabilities under Federal Firearms Ad was excused on grounds of futilirs and inadequacs. lack of appr’opnia. tions prevented ATF fron reviewing applies. S.D,Te 2000. Defendant used and car tione to restore federal firearms privileges and ned pistol when he fakeli ariested and raped

Act gave district court discretion 10 create or victim and when he conspired to tamper with supplement admmnrsrratrve record to asoid mis ‘5 itness hi attempting to kill her as required to carriage ofjustice 18 U.S C.A § 925(c) support conviction for using ou canrsrng firrannu Bean s U S. 89 F.Supp,2d 828 affirmed during crime of vtolence, is here defcrudant wore 253 F.3d 234. — Pr’s when he accosted victim, hr,undushed it, — and placed it on roof of ear for instant access,

Foreign conviction cannot as de facto nile, and after lie was charged he told fiis accon’s serve as predicate offense for purposes of re- plrees that hits grin was a device to control

strictnng persons federal firearms privileges on- testunrurns than would silence victim 18

der Federal Firearms Act, lit U S C.A US L.A 9§ 24(isI1 § 922(g)(l)

U S v. (ontneras 134 F Supp.2d 520 Bean v. U.S., 89 F.Supp2d 828, affirmed - ‘.‘————.—_-_.--

253 F 3d 234. f’.’S,.DTez, 1999. Indictment against defen dent for betrig felon in posscs%iuimu of firearm Felon who had been convicted in Mexrco was precluded by defendant s completmon of

for

th1egall
: : 

34 2_ / s .1 , t, L 34

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pt:33430tc* ,3 poihibaiot n DVI, 1994, StaIn ptittct .s.c 3103 54)313*.’

itI ill tall 43.331 3335343. 35333 033315’,’ 45 13331, t3c4043334 03 4)301333103.

.1.. 34ll3 potsn it cdct- Btad* 34,1 Jelm,,io .ii t! a’, ,.4>t3,cmeltt 1111,

hose 3h i ,.-.ai, uIl113130h cit 34, LEO .r, this oh polac *345341 03 534t44 3

a 243 3422 (1 .ttt 01111143 SpoIl 1*130333 .1131.34.30333 5 331’ unposcc. 

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343434 34 34 3454 4I434,

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1341. 341 4,13433 3311 44133334 4403,13343 .31113,43 ,ua3t4 liT St 

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I Ill> 3 Cl,ls 34 41 tnt cd on 313134301 424 34’ 3d 2”3 all med a 

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iii toi applis .ttl(0 to. h nu’, disabilitic I - L 4

2 F Supp.2d

). in oi dci to (ii ti.

esion of fit. at in it

, ioluncu oi di ui all,

nust pi cii c that Ito at it 4s.

ance of ct tOil i 111110 Oh 11).

)5 F.Supp 2d 3t;

Piesious t)hut .ociut tand theft auto and ,t.tt

crc not predicate Ii charge of beint’ h-lot

it in gisen that ohio ha I i’ ii rights and tJh l

P°°

b pet son0 lence or drug thict A.

922(ghi i, O24tat 80 F.Supp. 471

Conviction Ito lit

t firearm cannot hi p1 • )n conviction lot is lit.

is c been restored, itith rovidc.s that pet SuIt Ith’

,sess or receive fit rat iiiconvictions lot silO

1 rights restored at

ion if, in addition, dcl, 1

-s

9

are not t estrictud

22(g)(1).

F.Supp. 424.

is ithtn ineattirig of si

ion for being felon it.

I defendants c is ti i thi connection with pt ti

e I i ltts accorded titdi

ot her citizenship ti neroll deemed right it’

IC c,ffir

0

e and t ight o

21(a)(2L)) Suipp 424.

ictiotu unas aifahic P

ott lot being iclou

a... ot danec wtttu 0

an 01 tatttft pies i’ tendant ctiii

((

EWfl67Théñ7J restoration of rights ‘,taturc tot ci tminal offenders procedutes and no for affutnuatise act of issuIng certifu cates of discharge rectoring rights on comple tion of sentence imposed. determination based is to be

rights.

ott

18

othet state lass stressing specific cii ii / f S.C.A. 921()(20. Bergei v. U.s., 867 E’.Supp. 424.

I)etet tninatioit

Creates that state lass pt ohibits or significant bairtet

mance

to defendant’s perfot ot jurt sen ice precludes finding that there has been substantial restoration dant’s of defen civil rights which would bar defendants

firearm;

conviction of being felon in possession of a accordingly, not he firearm consiction may

sensice

asoided where right to perfbrrn jurs has itot been testored. 18 U.S.C.A.

ithoutrerk0onof his firearms privilege, after defendant West Virginia served sentence, was not determinative

purposes

of whether his civil rights had been restored for

being

of statute precluding conviction of

a felon in possession of a firearm follow- I

§92I(a)(20)92(g) 18 U.S.C.AJ Berger v. f’S., 867 F.Supp. 424.

finder Vest Virginia lass, defendant’s civil

probated

rights were not restoied after he completed his sentence for West Virginia as to preclude felottv, so subsequent being federal conviction for

a felon in possession of a fit earm; while completion of sentence restoted defendant’s right to vote and right to hold ptihlic office, dud not it

Const.

restore his tight to serve on jut-s. W.Va.

§ 92l(a%20),

Art. 4, § 1, Art. 6,

§ 14, 45; 18 U.S CA

S, 52-1-8,615a922(g),

W Va (ode, 3 1 3, C’ 5- 9.

Berget s. U.S., 867 1’ Supp 424.

S,DA,Va, 1991. Certificate of discharge ft otn pat oie i estot tog all cus il t igluts thert’toforr forfeited, is as rtot effectise to make federal p0’-

to

sessuomt of Ut eartn hi telon statute inapplo able defetudarit

federal

is fate ertiftc ate Pt edared both poss scion Statutc mid ‘\ t”—t Virginta statute ci iminaltitne

cons possession of fmrearnu h’ ic ted feloti unit,’, ft lots hoc suet..ecshtlis

E,D,Wis. 1996.

guilts l)efenudant ma’, be found of using fircarns in tefatiori

s to i.t irrur of

arm

iolenc e if cocotusptu ator used cii cart ted fire

U S.C.A.

during aitd in relation to consptrac - 18

§ 924(c). Worthington s. U.S., 936 F.Supp. 586

E.D.Wis. 1995. Statute prohibiting victed con

fectirug

felon from possessing firearm in or af interstate commetce ment requires govern

question

to pros-c that firearm ptssession in affects interstate U.S.C.A. cotnmerce. Const. Art. 1, § 8, cI. 3; 18 U.S.CA.

§ 922(g).

U.S. v. Edwards, 894 F.Supp. 340.

In order to convict defendant of possession hi’ felon of firearm in or affecting interstate commerce, government possession need not prove that the

on

by defendatit had some actual effect

§ 8,

interstate commerce. U.S.C.A Conust. Art. 1, cI. 3; 18 U.S.C.A. § 922(g). U_S. s’. Edwards, 894 F.Snpp. 340.

E.D.Wis. 1991. On review of adrninistra ti’.e revocation of license to sell firearms, court limits its consideration of evidence whft h carrie into existence after administrative decisiort sole

offered ly to evideitce of other crimes, wrongs or acts to prove irttent, knowledge, or absence of mistake or accident. 18 U.S.C.A. § 923(f)t,3); Fed.Rules Evid.RuIe 404(b), 28 U.S.C.A. Cisesvski s. Department of Treason, Bu reau of Alcohol, Tobacco

& Firearms, 773 F.Supp. 148

Resocation of liretise to sell firearms st-as siifficientls t-ttpported

b evidetce of licensees i.ontituuing violations of state and fedeial and lasts regulatiotts regarding salt of firearms recotdkeeping. arid 18 U.S.C.A. § 923(e) (isewskt s Departrnertt of Treason, Bu reau of Alcohol. Tobacco

& Ftiearmtus 77 F.Supp 148.

V4.D.’,4’j5. 1991. Pruot felons convictIon lot is hue h defendants restored cti ii nigftis had hr cii rotuld hr c nru.stder ccl h. noel in irrupt o. tog eiulm,unced sentence on slibseqtiertt felons

triteriderl

ftt eat iii cons

met

tetiotu as disc hat gc ret iiftcatc- is a eli to re-tot c defendant to riglus to

jdoubts

,

oft mng in defendant c fat ou. lb U.S C A

/ 924tcfl3j, (hi.

[.5 v Acosta. I24FSupp2doU

ide Annotated

For cited t ,S.C,A. sections and legislative hjstors, sect nited States Code Annotated
!- P F) 4t—u-1 FP2._

WE.PONS 1

es see same Topic and Ke Number in Pocket

For relerences to other topics, see l)ecriptise.Word Indes

FdE:

0 55 510’ 5 trom con deraitorta tc:,t On

ts ship hero cc ,t ,tistrad stature sets ot’th na!’roo esception , t. 1986. T0 p ru’s- ci-. mc’ it s’t p st’s k 

a’, art ii merit I \ Utah statute prohtbtto S tolerit ft. ion, I rum p05 SlOt litton sWrs Pt Ibttirig c So-is s’ ri’s i is 0

-t p ‘2 2 3 3 e’,ston trtc’arms U C A I 3. tLO 2 a ‘‘‘o555ng orUtit5 OS cr15 nts’t PItt. d . ‘

0 p5o Oflfl 110105 ( p t’ flt 50 1 5 l. .‘ 0

pp 2sf t22 - I u s Flosser 838 F Sopp. 44 affirmed P 12t.12 a I ‘° I’ P

—

- 2 F.3J 330 cetliorari demed 1I SC’ U S S l ritenteri rt32 F Ssipr 23 at ‘ S

00’, t’lated t, °° 13 L S I 120 I 30 LEd 2d 884 trmcd 823 8 2c 53 F 50 C S

rcrsesifstts . n er ci moot ast detc’o

pe I OVa. 1996. 1 ‘o’t.’ 5’

ant In dart,,t, dam ssas onS ii is ci of undet Is tog felunics a o:c’d teott is Ki its, irOn’ ‘t c’\tstr ii if at,- ,i h t d u irf itt i .

rime that pIed t.rnhs it thost. ft ft flies anc is ott arot puss id iii di i-’o ii K 0

nt ii a C hOC ft cfor oh5 i to ut us uhior tnd ti ci 0

•

me prith hit itte possession of a firearm in artc: 2°2- a’’ S

S

t .4

affecting interstate commerce bs a person ssho ,

S I 1551 Is I S. 45

ed. or has e the . I. S Sltt’’tettlet F Siipi’ 2 ‘

has bent corn ictd in am cotirt of a crime

p U affic ktntt f . . titttcd F3 1 . d 45 a, 1996, it t.’1 i .0 flu’. .

tit nishihi h intpt t onmetti lot a I nt ceed _ ‘5 t t. 0

pp 2d I 231) a: tog otte sear despttc act that fir recessed a E.D.t a. 2000. PP eapons siatitti’ t Os’. ohs I’.’’ e’.’.,mfs at ‘s’, ‘t S irs, 2 ‘‘s

det ned enteoct. tot he tindetlsing offer

otd putist h s tsso dtf’fctct kind if ct idt.cr let. miii pt t tie .1 ft i ii

lot which he ts as still on probation I t5tfl 01 car rvtng a fire arm dot tog .oid to I., S I .3 14 ‘-

ass, neither sit- .5 C A. sail 31(0, 0 ph I I. lion to a 5rfme of s toIencc c’t drug irafftcktmu S PP ccc 0 f’ S

on occutred U S v Lahot, 31 F.Supp d crime and 2 posscssrttg a firearirt itt hirtheo S

prohibtiton Ott DVI, 1994. State pole e are not equiva- attic’ ol ant such ci iirte and in doittit so, dt’ftnes R’c or ke’t’pt ii’. i .11 ‘soot.,, i

in as all them tent eifftc. t ‘a ithin me doing of pros iston of \ 0 n tnt. tatttcr It t di i ru is tt00 ii 5 it 1 uld I t I

sision of fedet Brads Act dc’ftnt trg chief lass enlorcentent oft- mc ans t cc’mm,t I ing One ci ins 8 t, S I A ‘‘ t’OO 01 1 rt mc 51,11 tie ,ir ii u s

om ptohthiitott cci (C CEO) as chief of police, shetiff, ot eqoisa. 3 4241c1 I hAt. 0 5 flu, i’S’, ‘‘s,sc’t ‘,, p’1’:r,u, ‘s ‘ 1

I lent officer upon sshotn obligations at-c intposed I. S Pleasant 1 F Stipt, 2d 3 iii ‘ilots itt i’,t, pIstil I- ‘ stic.

F Stipp 13 itt connec rttttt ss itfi hireat ms transac itoits I F - itli ii sun I r s isi ii t as di ill .

—. P S.C A 6 )22ts08 I E,D,4a, 2000. Fiiearms and ,itntitiitrtttc ii 001’ to ps’rrt tO pt i isis t IS I SI

is tint required I’tatile IT S 861) F.Sopp 1030 affirmed need no’ fiase nosed in tnts’rstats e otrttne: s ) “-3 ‘‘

bettig c ottt too’ in pan t es ersc’d in pan 7S F 3d I afis’r cornittg I too telon s possesslot’ itt itedsr tu i u PP s-op 11 1 I S’t:’t’

ni e’omtiitiing ceriiot art granted at. ated I I 7 S Ct satisfi afft’c ting c e’mtnet cc - elettre’nr statitis E,1) a, 19%. 1 ‘dc’,, tJII fit. ‘.i p’ -

ftethem or not 2801 821 1, .5. I I 13, 1 38 L Ed.2d oo, pt oscrihtng theti possession fact t hat firearnts sides see phi in I it ltc t. nscuf his at it s ds’.tI

tulle t estit ed on retnattd 120 F 3d 273, affIrmed iii and aertllttitit ton rots c’d in tntetstate C Otti mc ri e s hi’ lIar r i tttts 1: .,ppl 5’d tot t ens sca 01 - I ‘‘

idenc e’ suf pat - I pat’i, resetsed in pat’i 120 F 3d 273 itt r ccc hi ‘p (sLit us s,tff ii ciii I S F S C A ft on, Iti’t,i’t,ti t’ih ,‘‘t ‘in -e ,i ti s’ ‘1,0, s.

of s is rl r ihts Vet incutil State Police nes ci had pots er to P 022t p1 — — - - mc to I Itt e,trms hs ent’ti ,tmfer ,ttdts ‘ rot 

telues e sheriff ot obliitatitrns as c hiet lass F t ‘, tori, (‘itonur, F Sit Pp 2d s.t ‘l’s tnt 5’,hl, (is 0 11 151 tii It.0 It ‘I

‘44 affirmed fot’cetrient officc’i I( [[0’ opitti se horn Bradt S

5, ci if,iss it- ‘t Cl s’,i1t’ :t’, ‘,-cc’,.-J 1’’ s’,i or’’, drt’ -

i& I I I S I I j t tip i e I iCatit. n t tine tion s oh fire E 0 a 1999 Cone e s’ 1 s d sit .I iii tfa a I i ri p i it’ n ct ii s ii t 

1 Id I ss4 rms hint cIt t’ I, SCA § ‘I iti’,t Bit atioiAlcottot Tola cnf Fits n filing it st tpplie III i i I I of ml

———--—- —

8

ATFI 1 to in, sat pate ot act i’tt Oust, ted ft Io,s o 1’ 1 ‘i ‘i’’’ ,‘ I’ - t’ ‘ ‘ - I 
sc Li 0< t

tjhl< I o, t<f,

Hi fot apple 011<0% I. isiS

to. disabilini 1 I

I S’tipp.2d “I>,

In ordr r to p1<0 4i is

‘-.ion of fit iat n in

lolenuc ui di Ut’ ii i1 Iii OI,

OUst prose that liii

iii,

arice of c-i hilL

1).

)5 F Supp2d 54S

- Pres ions (>luo iii,i.

rand theft auto and ii, p veic’ nor piedic 1i ‘Ii ii

cliarr’e of being Ii I,it

ann gisen that Ola 114<’

civil rights and Oh i’Jio

possession 1,5 pci-si ii’ a ilence or drug of It nsi

A. ifr 922(gh1), 924ti’

80 F.Supp. 471

Conviction foi Is-u

a I irearri i cannot

h pt

onv conviction for si fin I

ave been restored. 11111 5

provides that pci son ii

)5SSS Ot receive iii eat usiv convictions fot silo- I

;il rights restored ai

tion if, in addition, deli it

es at-c nut restricted I

922 (g)(l)

7 F.Sopp. 424.

o itliin nicarung of sI,i ion lot being felot ii

if defendant s ciii

c onnet lion with pini tsc’ rights ac coi did tnd<

is oi bet cttizenslup ii< teneralls deemed r iglu ii bli office, and righl ii

i( A 921ta)(2(t)

I Supp 42.1.

quentis, for states has ing no general restoration

L of rights statute Ioi riminal offenders and ito pi oc cdiii ci lot affirmative act of issuing certifi cates of dtshaige iesloring rights ott comple tion of sentence imposed, determination is to be

-

based on other staIr lass stressing specific en ii , rights. 18 L.SCA. § 92l(a)(201. Bergcr s. U.S.. 8ti7 F.Supp. 424.

Determination that state law prohibits or creates significant barrier to defendant s perfoi

/ mance of jury service precludes finding that there has been substantial restoration of defen

I darn’s cii ii rights which siould bat defendant’s) conviction of being felon in possession of a\ firearm; accordingls, firearm cons iction may not be avoided where right to perform jurs sersice has not been restored. 18 U.S.C.A.

§ 921(a)(20), 922 (g).

Bei’gei s. U.S., 867 F.Supj 424.

Lack of writing stating that defendant’s civil rights had been restored without restriction of

his firearms privilege, after defendant served West Virginia sentence, was not determinativei of whether his civil rights had been restored fort

purposes of statute precluding conviction o being a felon in possession of a firearm follow

I ing civil rights restoration. 18 U.S.C.A.\

§ 921 (a)(20), 922 (g).

Berger v. U.S., 867 F.Supp. 424.

Undei West Virginia lass’, defendant’s civil rights were not restored after he completed his probated sentence Ioi West Virginia felony, so

as to preclude subsequent federal conviction for

being a felon in possession of a firearm; while completion of sentence restored defendant’s right to s’ott and right to hold public office, it did not restore his right to serve ott jtirs. WA’a. Const. Art 4, § 1, Art te

§ 14, 45; 18 U.S.C.A.

§ 92l(a)120). 922(g); W.Va Code, 3 1—3, 6 5 5, 52 1 8, 61 Sa 9,

Bet ger s’ U S., 867 F.Supp. 424.

S.D.W.Va. 1991. (ertificate of discharge hoot pai ole, i estor ing all civil rights theretofore forfeited, si as not effectis e to rnak federal pos session of firearm

h felon statute inapplicable to defendant, sihere uerttfiuatc predated both fedci al possession statritc and Vi est Virginia statutc c rirninaln,ing possesston of briar

m bs

cOOS icted felon oriicss Iclon has suucessfcill

doubts in defendant’s fasor 18 L.S C A

§ 924ci(3t iht.

(‘S v Acosta 124 F .Supp.2d 631

E.D.Wis. 1996. Defendant ma he found

/guiIt of using firearm iii relation to crime of

iolence if coconspirator used cit carried fire’

arm during and in relation to conspo acy. 18 F! S.C .A § 924(c),

Worthington s. U.S., 936 F.Supp 586

E.D.Wls. 1995. Statute prohibiting con sicted felon from possessing firearm in or af fecting interstate commerce requires govern ment to prove that firearm possession in question affects interstate commerce.

U.S.C.A. Const. Art 1, § 8, cl. 3; 18 US.C.A.

§ 922 (g).

U.S. v. Edwards, 894 F.Supp. 340.

In order to convict defendant of possession by felon of firearm in or affecting interstate

commerce, government need not prove that the possession

b defendant had some actual effect

on interstate commerce. U.S.C.A. Const. Art. 1,

§ 6, ci. 3; 18 U.S.C.A § 922 (g).

U.S. s’. Edwards, 894 F.Supp. 340.

E.D.WIs. 1991. On review of administra

tis’e revocation of license to sell firearms, court limits its consideration of evidence which came

into existence aftet administrative decision sole’

Is to evidence of other crimes, wrongs or act,s offered to prove intent, knowledge, or absence of mistake or accident. 18 U.S.C.A. § 923(0(3); Fed.Rules Evid.Rule 404(b), 28 U.S.C.A.

Cisewski s. Department of Treasury, Bu reach of Alcohol, Tobacco

& Firearms, 773

F.Sopp. 148.

Res oration of license to sell firearms ii as

sufhciemttlv supported

b esiderice of licensee’s

continuing violations of state and federal laws

and regulations regaidirig sale of firearms and recordkeeping 18 U.S.C.A § 92(e). Cisewski s, Department of Ireasurs, Bu

teao ctf Alcohol, ‘Tobacco & Firearms. 773

F.Sopp 148

W.D.Wis. 1991. Pr tot felons conviction

foi ss’hich defendant “ cis ii rights had been restored ,.ouid bc considered by court, in irnpo ing enhanced sentence on subsequent felons tirearoi Loris iction - a’ discharge certificate ss a’ intended mere) to restots defendant to right to

ItO ii. lion unasa<ial’it 1<’otiori for being a tclor

in accordanicc sittIr ci’,

‘ion of ‘tat utc pt ri ito’

defendant cis d i ir fit

(ode Annotated For cited L.S.C.A. sections and legislative histor 3,see [tilted States Code Annotated
APONS

iii 5u,k,n C S S C

49 C 3d

lii ‘mtni. tug di’feiidatfl

SOCOSiOJi ill ii flitSi nt cvi—

had told a bail bondsman

iznlai shotgun ouppol ted

g that defeiidatii possessed

tstt .t tout t findutg that

of hoe team is t esulting

n fetose level

207 F 3d 413

Defendant possession

oiineetiots o ah Itis State

of possession of heroin.

leo ci etihancenient under

upon fits guiltl plea to

bs ow wtcd felon, despite

though fir’ did possess

ot In fiit’ai tit olfense he

amount consistetit 0 tilt

1. SC. A S

d, 18 U S.C A

125 1 3d 685, ichearing

kit i ci teat uig denied. cet -

I 10 S C.t 1390. 23 U.S

Defendant convicted of

f fit eat ins possessed fit e

ful sporting purposes or

defendant to i educiton tn

t’i Seiiieitcing Guideitnes,

his lather testified that

g guns en fathet s behalf

sed guns si.ilels lot lawful

collection, all of seteed

Ituisnogispe fit .‘Srms, ato

o eflO ers 0 as consistetit

ed anti defendant denied

ls Si i0.e berettiiug coils Ut

’s2t C9US(A

I Id p05

litt iiilft Itt it owtted by

t h ito net reeds tog de

bast ‘ill, us. Ins-i utdei

t,ti Cit c-at ISis oftenst , I

o 1 ic dcc tease it lii cactus

liii lawful spotting Suit -

I’ S S ‘,, S 2K2 C 19

F Id r(S

In tttsposiil.! ftne an de

li It) and lii tat ni ofcnsvs,

cii to ,,i0iost detettdant

fviii his wife and stepson

111,1K 011 lii ‘-vi ot’Itgatit,tis

,set,’ e,i C OS Cj

i Si. S

l ldt,s

958 F PD 4th_—230

Fine oi 5150.000 imposed on defendatil

eons it.ted of drug and firearms charges plus

additional I 0 000 to cruet incaicerattoit

cOSts, was not escessive, in violation of Eigfttfi

Aitietidfllettt, where line was based upon fast

that defendant oould recetse 51 550.000 in per

sOflId iflui) settlement payments over next 35

sears U S CA. Const.Antend 8; 18 U.SC.A

3572faf)6); Comprehensive Drug Abuse Pie

ventien and Control Act of 1970 40l(bhlFC>

21 U SC.A S 841)bXlFCC 1’ S.SG

5El.2dl 18 US CA.

U S s 1-lines, 88 F.3d 661

CA8 (Mo.) 1995. Imposition of sentence

tot’ being felon in possesslOfl of firearm based

on change in law that incieased sentence did

not stofate cx post facto clause, even though too

offenses oldie committed ptioi to change in lass

snice thud offense was committed after change,

when defendant had fair warning of tonil penal

to that ‘additional criminal conduct would ciitail, and ollenses soete giouped together lot

sentencing U.S.C.A Const Art I, § 9 cl 3

V.5.5 C § 181.11(a), 2K.2 1, 381.2, 10

C S.C. A

U S o. Cooper. tOt F.3d 761 rehearing and

suggestion lot reheating denied, certiora

ri denied 116 Set 1540. 317 U.S. 1158.

114 L.Ed.2d 650

CA.8 (Mo.> 1993. Es idence supported

sentencing defendant at upper edge of guideCities range after he ssas eunsicted 0f being felon

ni possession of firearm; sentencitig court

tosind that defendant had assaulted police offi

cer and fired shot in his direction. U.S.S.G

39 2A2 2ibX2)(A) 2K2.l. 18 U.S CA App

U S o Fleimiing, 8 F.3d 1264.

C.A.8 (Mo.) 1993. In sentencing defendant

towaids the top of guidelines range lot possess

tog n itlt ititent to distribute cocaine and cocaine

base. atici being a felon iii possession of a

fiieaitn district court did not misapply guide

litie’- f.ss basing sentence on factuts ohich had

alretids been taken into ‘account in the gutde

lines in announcing why it had selected panic

ilcir settlcitst district court did not simply refer

to possession uI weapons and drugs as such, bstt

tetetied spesitic-alls to quatitito of cocaine, of

c,oattie base. and ni oeapotis possessed, as oell

as last that two ol ihe oseapons ssere sioleit

ntoi eoset , nature of i,feiendattt’s prior cons in10,11 ssas also giset, as a re’asott 18 U S U A

OS o22(gF Ii 924(c)) 1) Coniprehensive Drug

,0f’us Pt’eoentioit -and Cotiti ol Act of 1970

I UlIaFl 1 Ib))1589in 1 21 C..S.C.A.

,l4tirt I) (Cs)’ 8gtti) U S SC § IBi 4, 10

L.Sc A.’spp.

C 5 s Flartts 997 F 2d 1235. rehearing

detned, certiorarI denied 114 S Ct. 717,

IU L.a t05 1, 126 L Ed 2d 681 grant of

pOSI5onvtctiofl i chef aifti nicd 118 F 3d

CA.8 (Mo.) 1993. Defendants sentence

follow tog guilty plea to possessing firearm at tet

having been convicted of felony and possesstng

firearm not regtstered to ftnn was properly

enhanced pursuant to federal sentencing guide

lines; in order to support its finding of premedi

tation and deliberation. sentencing court noted

that defendant gui into car with too ituen who

had just been invoked in shooting, and was

either armed when he entered car or given

weapon by one of others, and fired shotguit out

of passenger’s window of car toward group of

people. U.S.S G. § 2A2 I, coinnuent. In.2), Ill

U.S.C,A.App.; 18U.SCA § till

U.S. s Wilson, 992 F.2d 158, certiorari

denied 114 S.Ct. 242, 510 US 808, 126

L.Ed2d 193

C.A.8 (Mo.) 1990. District court itt yen

tencing defendant convicted for possesstomi of

firearm b cunvieted felon pertutssiblo departed

upward front Senteticing Guidelines lange of

eight to fourteen months to sentence dcl etidant

to 60 months’ imprisonment, based on aggrava

ting circwtsstances of nature of ltreartns pos

sessed, fact that they were fully loaded, and

assaultive nature of defendant’s pilot conviction

for second-degree robbery and secuno-degree

assault; aggrasating factors were not adequtate

ly taken itito account by Guidelnues attd force

fully illustrated danger that defendant had re

peatedl posed for otheis. US SC §9 4A1.3

p.s,51(20 ps, I8USU.AApp

US.s Thomas. 914 F.2d 139

C.A.8 (Mo.) 1990. It was not necessary

that defendant know that firearm was stolen for

defendatit to be subject utider Sentencing

Guidelines to one level increase in base offense

level for illegal possession of lirearrtu on gt outid

that lire-arm was stolen Seittenning Guidelities

§ 2K2 1(b)Ill(l988)

U S.’. Arnerson-Bes-, 898 F 2d 681.

C.A.9 (Mont.) 1992. Sentencing Guide

fines prosision requirtiig application ul base

offense level lot “oilier offense when sentemic

lug defendant eons icted of possessitig a fireatini

while a felon if firearmti is need or possessed iii

cotmmiectioti ssith contnnssiott or attempted c oun

mIssion of atiother offettee could lie applied to

conduct lot which defettdant osas tiot cotivicted

but which could hose constittited offense’ titider

9 state law U.S.S G §9 2K2 1))t2) 2K2 I ont

9 ment, (backg di Sls.2 9 is . 701 ha Cli

PtA, 18U.S.CA.App

U S s Clutnphrtes. 961 F 2d 142 1

C,A.8 (Neb.> 1989. Cottvecuttoe 12 and

year sentences itiposed ot defendatit eeii,s’icted

of conspiracy
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