HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES

42. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation and industry

2020 2021

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,174 14,253 10.8 15,939 12.1 136,393 14,012 10.3 15,802 11.6

OCCUPATION

Management, professional, and related

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,873 6,311 11.3 7,265 13.0 56,870 6,241 11.0 7,177 12.6

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,134 962 4.3 1,194 5.4 22,850 1,021 4.5 1,244 5.4

Management occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,350 611 4.3 761 5.3 14,730 645 4.4 786 5.3

Business and financial operations

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,785 351 4.5 433 5.6 8,120 376 4.6 458 5.6

Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 33,738 5,349 15.9 6,070 18.0 34,020 5,220 15.3 5,933 17.4

Computer and mathematical occupations. . . . . . 5,312 202 3.8 269 5.1 5,465 202 3.7 260 4.8

Architecture and engineering occupations. . . . . 3,039 190 6.2 229 7.5 3,083 181 5.9 215 7.0

Life, physical, and social science

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,539 148 9.6 185 12.0 1,535 153 10.0 190 12.4

Community and social service occupations. . . . 2,576 402 15.6 452 17.5 2,630 384 14.6 426 16.2

Legal occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,526 105 6.9 121 7.9 1,518 89 5.8 103 6.8

Education, training, and library occupations. . . 8,639 3,104 35.9 3,440 39.8 8,672 3,004 34.6 3,353 38.7

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,103 131 6.2 151 7.2 2,113 149 7.1 170 8.1

Healthcare practitioners and technical

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,004 1,069 11.9 1,224 13.6 9,005 1,057 11.7 1,217 13.5

Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,486 2,170 10.6 2,404 11.7 21,708 2,094 9.6 2,314 10.7

Healthcare support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,641 373 8.0 434 9.4 4,644 384 8.3 438 9.4

Protective service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,006 1,101 36.6 1,165 38.8 2,917 970 33.3 1,036 35.5

Food preparation and serving related

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,429 219 3.4 268 4.2 7,178 222 3.1 254 3.5

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,104 394 9.6 435 10.6 4,458 420 9.4 472 10.6

Personal care and service occupations. . . . . . . . . . 2,306 82 3.6 102 4.4 2,511 97 3.9 113 4.5

Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,111 1,733 6.4 1,937 7.1 27,651 1,702 6.2 1,991 7.2

Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,117 387 3.2 441 3.6 12,366 406 3.3 491 4.0

Office and administrative support occupations. . . 14,994 1,346 9.0 1,496 10.0 15,285 1,296 8.5 1,500 9.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,433 1,750 15.3 1,871 16.4 11,911 1,777 14.9 1,923 16.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . 926 24 2.6 27 2.9 931 37 4.0 43 4.7

Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . 6,243 1,105 17.7 1,167 18.7 6,528 1,119 17.1 1,198 18.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,264 620 14.5 676 15.8 4,451 621 14.0 681 15.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,270 2,290 13.3 2,463 14.3 18,253 2,198 12.0 2,398 13.1

Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,324 870 11.9 943 12.9 7,647 827 10.8 912 11.9

Transportation and material moving

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,946 1,420 14.3 1,520 15.3 10,605 1,371 12.9 1,486 14.0

INDUSTRY

Private sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,542 7,080 6.3 8,018 7.2 115,767 7,030 6.1 8,055 7.0

Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,281 21 1.7 25 1.9 1,308 37 2.9 41 3.1

Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,260 7,059 6.4 7,994 7.3 114,459 6,993 6.1 8,014 7.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . 656 37 5.6 43 6.6 561 32 5.7 34 6.0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,829 993 12.7 1,050 13.4 8,157 1,024 12.6 1,112 13.6

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,887 1,181 8.5 1,289 9.3 14,134 1,082 7.7 1,203 8.5

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,705 754 8.7 821 9.4 8,986 668 7.4 749 8.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,182 427 8.2 468 9.0 5,148 414 8.0 453 8.8

Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,407 787 4.5 874 5.0 18,070 769 4.3 880 4.9

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,116 133 4.3 146 4.7 3,117 116 3.7 140 4.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,292 655 4.6 728 5.1 14,953 653 4.4 740 5.0

Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,441 1,135 17.6 1,213 18.8 7,057 1,086 15.4 1,183 16.8

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,377 916 17.0 979 18.2 6,055 889 14.7 974 16.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,064 219 20.6 234 22.0 1,002 197 19.7 209 20.9

Information3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,160 200 9.3 222 10.3 2,274 226 10.0 253 11.1

See footnotes at end of table.

1
HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES

42. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation and industry

2020 2021

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Publishing, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 8 2.4 9 2.6 311 17 5.6 22 7.2

Motion pictures and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 40 14.0 43 15.1 352 61 17.3 64 18.3

Broadcasting (except internet). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 30 7.6 35 8.7 368 33 8.9 39 10.7

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778 111 14.3 122 15.7 843 100 11.9 109 13.0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,107 169 1.9 244 2.7 9,101 206 2.3 278 3.1

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,977 96 1.4 152 2.2 6,896 91 1.3 135 2.0

Finance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,492 53 1.2 92 2.0 4,387 53 1.2 77 1.8

Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,484 43 1.7 60 2.4 2,510 38 1.5 58 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . 2,131 74 3.5 93 4.3 2,205 114 5.2 143 6.5

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,938 323 2.2 442 3.0 15,374 334 2.2 451 2.9

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . 10,153 132 1.3 208 2.1 10,506 128 1.2 204 1.9

Management, administrative, and waste

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,785 191 4.0 233 4.9 4,868 206 4.2 247 5.1

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,365 1,876 8.4 2,174 9.7 22,891 1,807 7.9 2,109 9.2

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,507 607 13.5 697 15.5 4,694 607 12.9 712 15.2

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . 17,858 1,269 7.1 1,478 8.3 18,197 1,200 6.6 1,397 7.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,127 223 2.2 280 2.8 11,208 252 2.2 304 2.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . 1,810 86 4.8 106 5.9 2,004 96 4.8 111 5.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . 8,317 137 1.6 174 2.1 9,203 156 1.7 192 2.1

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916 52 5.7 59 6.5 979 58 5.9 63 6.4

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . 7,401 85 1.2 114 1.5 8,225 98 1.2 129 1.6

Other services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,344 134 2.5 162 3.0 5,632 176 3.1 208 3.7

Other services, except private households.. . 4,669 130 2.8 159 3.4 4,987 158 3.2 190 3.8

Public sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,632 7,173 34.8 7,921 38.4 20,626 6,982 33.9 7,747 37.6

Federal government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,892 1,014 26.0 1,167 30.0 3,820 951 24.9 1,108 29.0

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,980 2,085 29.9 2,350 33.7 6,866 2,033 29.6 2,273 33.1

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,760 4,074 41.7 4,404 45.1 9,940 3,999 40.2 4,367 43.9

1 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

2 Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

3

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated

businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020

data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No

historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

2