HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES

42. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation and industry

2015 2016

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,743 14,795 11.1 16,441 12.3 136,101 14,555 10.7 16,271 12.0

OCCUPATION

Management, professional, and related

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,939 6,132 12.0 6,983 13.7 52,108 6,064 11.6 6,916 13.3

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,636 871 4.4 1,057 5.4 20,289 927 4.6 1,129 5.6

Management occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,213 581 4.4 701 5.3 13,563 605 4.5 736 5.4

Business and financial operations

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,423 290 4.5 356 5.5 6,726 322 4.8 393 5.8

Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 31,302 5,261 16.8 5,926 18.9 31,818 5,138 16.1 5,787 18.2

Computer and mathematical occupations. . . . . . 4,195 162 3.9 221 5.3 4,301 166 3.9 222 5.2

Architecture and engineering occupations. . . . . 2,777 190 6.8 219 7.9 2,941 187 6.4 219 7.4

Life, physical, and social science

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,309 109 8.3 139 10.6 1,276 112 8.8 138 10.8

Community and social service occupations. . . . 2,517 386 15.3 412 16.4 2,506 372 14.8 408 16.3

Legal occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,475 83 5.6 100 6.8 1,412 79 5.6 95 6.8

Education, training, and library occupations. . . 8,766 3,112 35.5 3,466 39.5 8,765 3,031 34.6 3,344 38.2

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,120 161 7.6 187 8.8 2,158 141 6.5 162 7.5

Healthcare practitioner and technical

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,142 1,059 13.0 1,183 14.5 8,459 1,051 12.4 1,199 14.2

Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,503 2,492 10.6 2,759 11.7 24,271 2,337 9.6 2,596 10.7

Healthcare support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,305 279 8.4 314 9.5 3,373 233 6.9 275 8.1

Protective service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,092 1,123 36.3 1,189 38.5 3,093 1,069 34.5 1,133 36.6

Food preparation and serving related

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,016 329 4.1 381 4.8 8,466 333 3.9 394 4.6

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,868 473 9.7 537 11.0 4,897 430 8.8 491 10.0

Personal care and service occupations. . . . . . . . . . 4,222 288 6.8 338 8.0 4,441 272 6.1 304 6.8

Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,931 2,055 6.6 2,311 7.5 31,051 2,051 6.6 2,314 7.5

Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,574 441 3.3 505 3.7 13,671 421 3.1 483 3.5

Office and administrative support occupations. . . 17,357 1,614 9.3 1,806 10.4 17,380 1,631 9.4 1,831 10.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,694 1,751 15.0 1,868 16.0 11,812 1,788 15.1 1,920 16.3

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . 971 18 1.9 25 2.5 988 22 2.2 31 3.2

Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . 6,193 1,067 17.2 1,133 18.3 6,387 1,177 18.4 1,240 19.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,530 666 14.7 710 15.7 4,438 589 13.3 649 14.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,676 2,365 14.2 2,521 15.1 16,859 2,315 13.7 2,524 15.0

Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,180 1,031 12.6 1,098 13.4 8,150 959 11.8 1,049 12.9

Transportation and material moving

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,496 1,334 15.7 1,422 16.7 8,708 1,355 15.6 1,475 16.9

INDUSTRY

Private sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,152 7,554 6.7 8,411 7.4 115,417 7,435 6.4 8,437 7.3

Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,269 15 1.2 22 1.7 1,315 17 1.3 28 2.1

Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,882 7,539 6.7 8,389 7.5 114,102 7,419 6.5 8,409 7.4

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . 866 47 5.4 57 6.5 765 43 5.6 48 6.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,109 940 13.2 992 14.0 7,488 1,039 13.9 1,095 14.6

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,547 1,369 9.4 1,462 10.0 14,783 1,295 8.8 1,422 9.6

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,288 874 9.4 933 10.0 9,247 827 8.9 906 9.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,258 494 9.4 529 10.1 5,536 468 8.4 515 9.3

Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,798 871 4.6 962 5.1 18,515 780 4.2 887 4.8

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,346 126 3.8 139 4.2 3,288 120 3.7 137 4.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,452 745 4.8 823 5.3 15,227 660 4.3 750 4.9

Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,722 1,106 19.3 1,159 20.3 6,048 1,145 18.9 1,239 20.5

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,765 901 18.9 946 19.8 5,073 935 18.4 1,014 20.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957 205 21.4 213 22.3 975 210 21.5 225 23.0

Information3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,525 217 8.6 249 9.9 2,473 222 9.0 250 10.1

See footnotes at end of table.

1
HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES

42. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation and industry

2015 2016

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Publishing, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 19 3.9 22 4.4 455 22 4.9 24 5.2

Motion pictures and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 37 11.7 40 12.8 349 38 11.0 43 12.3

Radio and television broadcasting and

cable subscription programming. . . . . . . . . . . 561 37 6.7 48 8.5 534 32 5.9 43 8.0

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883 118 13.3 131 14.8 821 119 14.6 129 15.8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,781 208 2.4 242 2.8 8,963 205 2.3 274 3.1

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,550 103 1.6 129 2.0 6,616 91 1.4 138 2.1

Finance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,126 53 1.3 70 1.7 4,142 49 1.2 81 2.0

Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,424 51 2.1 59 2.4 2,473 42 1.7 57 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . 2,231 105 4.7 113 5.1 2,347 114 4.9 136 5.8

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,738 348 2.5 458 3.3 14,257 346 2.4 464 3.3

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . 8,327 142 1.7 218 2.6 8,728 141 1.6 211 2.4

Management, administrative, and waste

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,411 206 3.8 240 4.4 5,529 205 3.7 253 4.6

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,572 1,867 8.7 2,132 9.9 22,152 1,808 8.2 2,107 9.5

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,551 625 13.7 720 15.8 4,557 561 12.3 652 14.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . 17,021 1,242 7.3 1,412 8.3 17,595 1,247 7.1 1,454 8.3

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,357 389 3.1 449 3.6 12,687 381 3.0 438 3.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . 2,250 144 6.4 158 7.0 2,329 126 5.4 139 6.0

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . 10,107 245 2.4 291 2.9 10,358 255 2.5 299 2.9

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,575 116 7.4 127 8.0 1,506 114 7.6 123 8.2

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . 8,532 129 1.5 165 1.9 8,852 141 1.6 176 2.0

Other services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,867 177 3.0 227 3.9 5,973 155 2.6 186 3.1

Other services, except private households.. . 5,055 166 3.3 205 4.1 5,258 152 2.9 179 3.4

Public sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,591 7,241 35.2 8,031 39.0 20,684 7,120 34.4 7,834 37.9

Federal government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,591 979 27.3 1,160 32.3 3,674 1,006 27.4 1,144 31.1

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,875 2,079 30.2 2,312 33.6 6,965 2,064 29.6 2,282 32.8

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,126 4,183 41.3 4,559 45.0 10,045 4,050 40.3 4,409 43.9

1 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

2 Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

3

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated

businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2