HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES

7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status,

sex, race, and Hispanic

or Latino ethnicity

2023

Less than

a

high

school

diploma

High

school

graduates,

no

college1

Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree and higher

Total

Some

college,

no degree

Associate

degree Total2

Bachelor’s

degree

only

Advanced

degree

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population..................... 19,480 63,419 56,926 32,847 24,079 87,778 54,106 33,672

Civilian labor force..................................... 9,180 35,928 35,803 19,911 15,891 64,077 39,357 24,720

Participation rate.................................... 47.1 56.7 62.9 60.6 66.0 73.0 72.7 73.4

Employed............................................. 8,669 34,529 34,714 19,256 15,457 62,752 38,489 24,263

Employment-population ratio.................... 44.5 54.4 61.0 58.6 64.2 71.5 71.1 72.1

Unemployed.......................................... 511 1,399 1,089 655 434 1,324 868 456

Unemployment rate.............................. 5.6 3.9 3.0 3.3 2.7 2.1 2.2 1.8

Men

Civilian noninstitutional population..................... 9,967 32,446 26,821 16,051 10,770 41,402 25,774 15,628

Civilian labor force..................................... 5,919 21,412 18,500 10,783 7,717 31,821 20,100 11,721

Participation rate.................................... 59.4 66.0 69.0 67.2 71.7 76.9 78.0 75.0

Employed............................................. 5,617 20,559 17,928 10,431 7,497 31,153 19,661 11,493

Employment-population ratio.................... 56.4 63.4 66.8 65.0 69.6 75.2 76.3 73.5

Unemployed.......................................... 302 852 573 352 220 668 439 229

Unemployment rate.............................. 5.1 4.0 3.1 3.3 2.9 2.1 2.2 1.9

Women

Civilian noninstitutional population..................... 9,513 30,973 30,105 16,796 13,309 46,376 28,331 18,044

Civilian labor force..................................... 3,262 14,516 17,302 9,128 8,174 32,256 19,257 12,998

Participation rate.................................... 34.3 46.9 57.5 54.3 61.4 69.6 68.0 72.0

Employed............................................. 3,052 13,970 16,786 8,826 7,960 31,599 18,828 12,771

Employment-population ratio.................... 32.1 45.1 55.8 52.5 59.8 68.1 66.5 70.8

Unemployed.......................................... 209 547 516 303 214 657 429 228

Unemployment rate.............................. 6.4 3.8 3.0 3.3 2.6 2.0 2.2 1.8

White

Civilian noninstitutional population..................... 14,776 48,957 44,376 25,347 19,029 67,744 42,178 25,567

Civilian labor force..................................... 7,266 27,358 27,375 15,066 12,309 48,602 30,361 18,241

Participation rate.................................... 49.2 55.9 61.7 59.4 64.7 71.7 72.0 71.3

Employed............................................. 6,896 26,430 26,638 14,630 12,008 47,661 29,727 17,933

Employment-population ratio.................... 46.7 54.0 60.0 57.7 63.1 70.4 70.5 70.1

Unemployed.......................................... 369 928 737 436 301 941 633 308

Unemployment rate.............................. 5.1 3.4 2.7 2.9 2.4 1.9 2.1 1.7

Black or African American

Civilian noninstitutional population..................... 2,616 9,460 8,213 5,041 3,172 8,607 5,385 3,222

Civilian labor force..................................... 1,032 5,610 5,535 3,243 2,291 6,733 4,179 2,553

Participation rate.................................... 39.5 59.3 67.4 64.3 72.2 78.2 77.6 79.2

Employed............................................. 936 5,269 5,287 3,085 2,202 6,568 4,064 2,504

Employment-population ratio.................... 35.8 55.7 64.4 61.2 69.4 76.3 75.5 77.7

Unemployed.......................................... 96 341 248 159 89 164 115 49

Unemployment rate.............................. 9.3 6.1 4.5 4.9 3.9 2.4 2.8 1.9

Asian

Civilian noninstitutional population..................... 1,157 2,685 2,088 1,119 969 9,272 5,132 4,139

Civilian labor force..................................... 452 1,510 1,380 717 663 7,052 3,721 3,330

Participation rate.................................... 39.1 56.2 66.1 64.1 68.4 76.1 72.5 80.5

Employed............................................. 436 1,464 1,339 698 641 6,877 3,636 3,241

Employment-population ratio.................... 37.7 54.5 64.1 62.3 66.2 74.2 70.8 78.3

Unemployed.......................................... 16 46 41 20 22 175 86 89

Unemployment rate.............................. 3.6 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.3 2.5 2.3 2.7

See footnotes at end of table.

1
HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES

7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status,

sex, race, and Hispanic

or Latino ethnicity

2023

Less than

a

high

school

diploma

High

school

graduates,

no

college1

Some college or associate degree Bachelor’s degree and higher

Total

Some

college,

no degree

Associate

degree Total2

Bachelor’s

degree

only

Advanced

degree

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population..................... 9,207 12,315 8,087 4,825 3,262 8,228 5,689 2,540

Civilian labor force..................................... 5,363 8,513 5,969 3,510 2,459 6,582 4,540 2,042

Participation rate.................................... 58.3 69.1 73.8 72.8 75.4 80.0 79.8 80.4

Employed............................................. 5,098 8,152 5,764 3,385 2,380 6,419 4,414 2,005

Employment-population ratio.................... 55.4 66.2 71.3 70.2 72.9 78.0 77.6 78.9

Unemployed.......................................... 265 361 205 125 79 163 126 37

Unemployment rate.............................. 4.9 4.2 3.4 3.6 3.2 2.5 2.8 1.8

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor′s, master′s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all

races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.

2