Variance Estimates for Price Changes in the Consumer Price Index

January -December 2016

Owen J. Shoemaker

This article presents variance estimates for 1-month, 2-month, 6-month, and 12-month percent 

changes in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U). Variance is a measure of the 

uncertainty caused by the use of a sample of retail prices, instead of the complete universe of retail 

prices. The estimates cover the period January 2016 through December 2016. Each month the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics collects about prices from a sample of approximately 82,000 commodities 

and services (C&S) quotes in approximately 32,000 outlets 1 around the United States for the 

Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The most commonly used measure of sampling variability is the standard error of the estimate – the

square root of the variance. The standard error of the CPI’s change can be used to construct 

confidence intervals to determine whether the change for a particular CPI series is significantly 

different from zero. This information should help users determine which index changes are significant.

Presentation of findings

The percent changes in the CPI along with their standard errors were estimated for the 12 months,

January through December 2016. In summary, tables 1V through 5V show the median values of those 

percent changes, as well as the median values of the standard errors. Table 1V shows this information 

for U.S. city average, and tables 2V through 5V show the same information for the Northeast, 

Midwest, South, and West regions of the country.

For example, from January through December 2016, the 1-month changes in the U.S. city average

all items index had a median value of 0.15 percent. The standard errors of those 12 estimates had a 

median value of 0.03 percent. Margins of error are usually expressed as a statistic’s point estimate 

plus or minus two standard errors, so the margin of error on this CPI’s 1-month change is 

approximately 0.15 percent plus or minus 0.06 percent. Therefore, in a typical 1-month period, the 

true change in the CPI was probably somewhere between 0.09 percent and 0.21 percent. The tables 

also show median percent changes and standard errors for 2- and 6-month intervals and for the full 

year 2016. Margins of error can be calculated for these intervals in the same way as for a 1-month 

period.

Analysis of findings

Analyzing the data reveals three significant observations. First, standard errors increase as one moves 

from the U.S. city average to individual regions of the country and from all items to individual item 

categories. Second, standard errors differ between item categories. Third, the standard errors 

1 In addition, BLS collects approximately 5,700 housing quotes, for Rent and Rental Equivalence (REQ), each 

month.
decrease on a relative basis (standard error divided by price change), as the price change interval gets 

longer.

The primary reason standard errors increase as one moves from the U.S. city average to individual 

regions of the country is that sample sizes differ. In general, smaller sample sizes lead to larger 

standard errors. For example, the U.S. city average all items index is computed each month from 

approximately 82,000 prices throughout the United States, and its median standard error for 1-month 

changes is 0.03 percent. By contrast, the Northeast region all items index is computed from 

approximately 17,000 prices, and its median standard error is 0.07 percent. Regional indexes have 

larger standard errors because their sample sizes are smaller.

One can observe this same effect moving from the all items index to individual item categories.

Again, the U.S. city average all items index is computed each month from the prices of approximately 

82,000 selected items, and its median standard error is 0.03 percent. By contrast, the U.S. city 

average recreation index is computed from about 5,700 prices, and its median standard error is 0.12

percent, or four times as large. Again, smaller sample sizes lead to larger standard errors.

The second significant observation is that standard errors differ between item categories. There 

are two reasons for this. First, item categories differ in sample size. For example, the U.S. city 

average food and beverages index is computed from approximately 35,000 prices each month, while 

the U.S. city average recreation index is computed from approximately 5,700 prices. Therefore, it is 

not surprising that the recreation index has larger standard errors. Second, there are real differences in 

item category price behaviors caused by different selling practices, seasonal influences, and consumer 

demand. This is especially true for the apparel category, in which it is common for the prices of 

individual items to fluctuate by 50 percent or more each month. As a result, standard errors for 

apparel indexes are large.

The third observation is that standard errors decrease, on a relative basis (standard error divided by 

price change), as the price change interval gets longer. For the U.S. city average all items index, the 

median standard error divided by the median percent change is 0.03/0.15 = 0.20 for 1-month changes, 

0.05/0.29 = 0.172 for 2-month changes, 0.05/0.81 = 0.062 for 6-month changes, and 0.06/1.09 = 

0.055 for the 12-month change between December 2015 and December 2016. This shows that the

relative accuracy of percent changes in the CPI generally improves as the price change interval gets 

longer. On an absolute basis, standard errors increase, but at a decreasing rate.

Findings presented here indicate that users should exercise caution when using CPI estimates to 

make inferences about index changes for relatively short time periods, for individual goods and 

services, or for local areas. The standard errors of those estimates may be on the same order of 

magnitude as the estimates themselves; and, thus, few inferences about them are reliable.

Sources of error

One way of analyzing the error in a survey estimate is to divide the total error into two sources: 

sampling error and non-sampling error. Sampling error is the uncertainty in the CPI caused by the 

fact that a sample of retail prices is used to compute the CPI, instead of using the complete universe of 

retail prices. Non-sampling error is the rest of the error. Non-sampling error includes things such as

incorrect information given by survey respondents, data processing errors, and so forth. Non-
sampling error arises regardless of whether data are collected from a sample of retail prices or from 

the complete universe.

Another way of analyzing error is to divide it into variance and bias. The variance of the CPI is a 

measure of how close different estimates of the CPI would be to each other if it were possible to 

repeat the survey over and over using different samples. Of course, it is not feasible to repeat the 

survey multiple times, but statistical theory allows the CPI’s variance to be estimated anyway. A small 

variance, for example, indicates that multiple independent samples would produce values that are 

consistently very close to each other. Bias is the difference between the CPI’s expected value and its 

true value. A statistic may have a small variance but a large bias, or it may have a large variance but a 

small bias. For an index to be considered accurate, both its variance and bias need to be small.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is constantly trying to reduce the error in the CPI. Variance 

and sampling error are reduced by using a sample of retail prices that is as large as possible, given 

resource constraints. BLS has developed a model that optimizes the allocation of resources by 

indicating the number of prices that should be observed in each geographic area and each item 

category, in order to minimize the variance of the U.S. city average all items index. BLS reduces nonsampling error through a series of computerized and professional data reviews, as well as through 

continuous survey process improvements and theoretical research. 

Replication and variance estimation

An important advantage of using sampling is that the CPI’s variance can be estimated directly from the 

sample data. Starting in 1978, the CPI’s sample design has accommodated variance estimation by 

using two or more independent samples of items and outlets in each geographic area. This allows two 

or more statistically independent estimates of the index to be made. The independent samples are called 

replicates, and the set of all observed prices is called the full sample.

BLS collects CPI data in 38 geographic areas across the United States. These areas consist of 31 

self-representing areas and 7 non-self-representing areas. Self-representing areas are large metropolitan 

areas, such as the Boston, St. Louis, and San Francisco metropolitan areas. Non-self-representing 

areas are collections of smaller metropolitan areas. For example, one non-self-representing area is a 

collection of 32 small metropolitan areas in the Northeast region (Buffalo, Hartford, Providence, 

Bangor, and others), of which 8 were randomly selected to represent the entire set. Within each of the 

38 areas, price data are collected for 211 item categories called item strata. Together the 211 item 

strata cover all consumer purchases. Examples of item strata are bananas, women’s dresses, and 

electricity.

Multiplying the number of areas by the number of item strata gives 8,018 (= 38 u 211) different 

area and item combinations for which price indexes need to be calculated. Separate price indexes are 

calculated for each one of these 8,018 area and item combinations. After all 8,018 of these basic-level

indexes are calculated, they are aggregated to form higher-level indexes, using expenditure estimates 

from the Consumer Expenditure Survey as their weights. Examples of higher-level geographic areas 

are the four regions (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West); and examples of higher-level item 

categories are the eight major groups (food & beverages, housing, apparel, transportation, medical 

care, education and communication, recreation, and other goods and services). The highest level of 

geographic aggregation is the U.S. city average, and the highest level of item aggregation is all items.
Variances are computed with a Stratified Random Groups Method, in which variances are 

computed separately for certain subsets of areas and items and are then combined to produce the 

variance of the entire area and item combination. Subsets of items are formed by the intersection of 

the item category with each of the eight major groups.

Let CPI(A,I,f,t) denote the index value where A = area, I = item category, f indicates that it is the 

full-sample value, and t = month; and let CPI(A,I,f,t-k) denote the value of the same index in month = 

t-k. In general, the upper-case letter A denotes a set of areas, such as the Northeast or Midwest 

region of the country; and the upper-case letter I denotes a higher-level item category, such as all items 

or all items less food and energy. Also let CPI(A,I,r,t) and CPI(A,I,r,t-k) be the corresponding index 

values for replicate = r. Most areas have two replicates, but some have more. Then, the full-sample 

k-month percent change between months t-k and t is computed by dividing CPI(A,I,f,t) by

CPI(A,I,f,t-k), subtracting 1, and multiplying by 100:

1 100

( , , , )

( , , , ) ( , , , , ) u  ̧

 ̧

1

·

 ̈

 ̈

©

§    CPI A I f t k

CPI A I f t PC A I f t t k

Every index has a weight W(A,I,f) or W(A,I,r) associated with it, which is used to combine the 

index with other indexes to produce indexes for larger geographic areas and larger item categories. 

For example, the weights are used to combine all 8,018 basic-level indexes into higher-level indexes 

such as the U.S. city average all items index. The product of an index and its weight is called a cost 

weight, CW(A,I,r,t) = CPI(A,I,r,t) u W(A,I,r), and is an estimate of the total cost in area = A for 

consumption of item category = I in month = t.

For the Stratified Random Groups method used here, replicate percent changes are defined as 

follows: full sample cost weights are used for every geographic area within area = A except for one of 

the areas. In the omitted area, the full sample cost weight is replaced by a replicate cost weight. Let 

the lower case letter a denote one of the 38 basic-level areas included in area = A, and let the lower 

case letter i denote the intersection of item category = I with one of the 8 major groups. Then, the 

replicate percent change, for area = a, item subset = i, replicate = r, between months t-k and t, is 

computed as:

1 100

( , , , ) ( , , , ) ( , , , )

( , , , ) ( , , , ) ( , , , ) ( , , , , ) u ̧

 ̧

1

·

 ̈

 ̈

©

§      

   CW A I f t k CW a i f t k CW a i r t k

CW A I f t CW a i f t CW a i r t PC a i r t t k A

Then, the variance is computed with the following Stratified Random Groups Variance Estimation 

Formula:

V[PC(A,I, f ,t,t  k)] = ¦¦ ¦   

   i A I a 

R

r

S

a a

a

PC a i r t t k PC A I t t k

R R 1

2 ( , , , , ) ( , , , ) ( 1)

1

The number Ra is the number of replicates in area = a.

Finally, the standard error of the percent change is computed by taking the square root of its 

variance:
SE[ PC(A, I, f ,t,t  k)] V[PC(A, I, f ,t,t  k)] .

For more information, contact the CPI information and analysis office at write to the CPI

Information Office at cpi_info@bls.gov or (202)691-7000. 
Table 1V. U.S. city average, median price change and median price change standard error for the Consumer Price Index for All

Urban Consumers (CPI-U), by detailed expenditure categories for 1-, 2-, 6-, and 12-month intervals, 2016

Item and group

U.S. city average

1 Month 2 Month 6 Month 12 Month

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Expenditure category

All items ............................................................................................... 0.15 0.03 0.29 0.05 0.81 0.05 1.09 0.06

Food and beverages .......................................................................... .04 .06 -.08 .07 -.11 .08 .34 .09

Food ................................................................................................ .05 .06 -.09 .07 -.17 .08 .27 .09

Food at home ................................................................................ -.07 .11 -.44 .11 -1.11 .13 -1.42 .14

Cereals and bakery products ....................................................... -.05 .23 -.15 .26 -.41 .28 -.46 .30

Cereals and cereal products ...................................................... -.05 .42 -.35 .51 -.77 .57 -1.36 .57

Flour and prepared flour mixes ................................................ -.55 .68 -.45 .73 -.66 .81 -1.87 .80

Breakfast cereal ....................................................................... .15 .63 -.02 .70 -.26 .82 -1.32 .87

Rice, pasta, cornmeal .............................................................. -.04 .71 -.32 .84 -.56 .95 -1.10 1.01

Rice ....................................................................................... -.31 .76 -.45 .80 -1.03 1.05 -2.45 1.43

Bakery products ......................................................................... -.14 .29 -.05 .31 -.29 .34 .02 .35

Bread ....................................................................................... -.03 .51 -.10 .56 -.52 .62 -.25 .73

White bread ........................................................................... .04 .72 .14 .83 -.36 .88 -.45 .87

Bread other than white .......................................................... -.22 .78 -.15 .82 -.09 .95 .48 1.12

Fresh biscuits, rolls, muffins .................................................... .00 .63 -.18 .68 -.13 .85 -.02 .84

Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies ................................................ .02 .49 .14 .58 -.03 .65 .76 .76

Cookies .................................................................................. -.03 .78 .22 .93 -.24 1.16 -.05 1.34

Fresh cakes and cupcakes .................................................... -.05 .77 .22 .88 .52 .90 2.13 1.00

Other bakery products ............................................................. -.30 .56 -.21 .60 -.64 .62 -.39 .67

Fresh sweetrolls, coffeecakes, doughnuts ............................ .39 1.10 -.27 1.03 -.70 1.24 -.10 1.58

Crackers, bread, and cracker products ................................. -.26 .95 -.34 .95 -1.03 1.26 -.10 1.19

Frozen and refrigerated bakery products, pies, tarts,

turnovers ........................................................................ -.23 .96 .02 .88 -.10 .99 -.73 1.12

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ...................................................... -.43 .24 -.79 .24 -2.72 .29 -5.20 .33

Meats, poultry, and fish ............................................................. -.30 .24 -.43 .24 -1.81 .29 -3.57 .32

Meats ....................................................................................... -.44 .28 -.53 .28 -2.59 .35 -4.54 .36

Beef and veal ......................................................................... -.48 .43 -1.16 .45 -3.83 .48 -6.30 .46

Uncooked ground beef ........................................................ -.65 .56 -1.35 .60 -4.16 .61 -9.10 .64

Uncooked beef roasts .......................................................... -1.22 1.03 -.72 1.13 -4.28 1.19 -5.81 1.06

Uncooked beef steaks ......................................................... -.32 .82 -1.24 .83 -2.61 .89 -3.98 .88

Uncooked other beef and veal ............................................. -.30 .89 -.80 1.08 -1.48 1.37 -3.17 1.35

Pork ....................................................................................... -.44 .50 -.66 .56 -2.50 .68 -3.89 .76

Bacon, breakfast sausage, and related products ................ .00 .71 -1.01 .75 -1.77 .86 -1.82 1.08

Bacon and related products ............................................... -.26 1.07 -1.08 1.19 -1.57 1.11 .20 1.42

Breakfast sausage and related products ........................... -.44 1.07 .10 1.12 -1.37 1.46 -3.14 1.23

Ham ..................................................................................... -.15 1.03 -.52 1.16 -1.98 1.64 -5.29 1.78

Ham, excluding canned ..................................................... -.31 1.14 -.86 1.58 -2.01 1.88 -5.90 1.83

Pork chops ........................................................................... .05 1.31 -.46 1.50 -2.27 1.85 -4.15 1.93

Other pork including roasts and picnics ............................... -.09 1.04 -.66 1.25 -1.21 1.40 -6.14 1.60

Other meats ........................................................................... -.27 .52 -.40 .52 -.91 .65 -1.28 .74

Frankfurters ......................................................................... .04 1.86 -.86 1.77 -2.20 1.91 -4.00 2.77

Lunchmeats ......................................................................... -.19 .61 -.48 .60 -.62 .59 .10 .69

Lamb and organ meats ........................................................ .22 1.17 .18 1.13 .35 1.38 .30 1.87

Lamb and mutton ................................................................. .18 1.27 .20 1.56 -1.67 2.09 -2.30 2.35

Poultry ..................................................................................... -.24 .60 -.40 .68 -1.05 .70 -2.96 .68

Chicken .................................................................................. -.12 .68 -.40 .78 -.91 .78 -3.33 .78

Fresh whole chicken ............................................................ -.14 1.68 1.06 1.76 .13 1.89 -1.32 1.86

Fresh and frozen chicken parts ........................................... .09 .90 -.23 1.09 -1.78 1.16 -3.06 1.15

Other poultry including turkey ................................................ .19 .83 .02 1.06 -.33 1.37 -1.07 1.46

Fish and seafood ..................................................................... .16 .55 -.20 .56 .53 .81 -.60 .93

Fresh fish and seafood .......................................................... .18 .84 .44 .89 1.80 1.41 1.40 1.61

Processed fish and seafood .................................................. -.23 .62 -.49 .70 -.70 .84 -2.82 1.08

Shelf stable fish and seafood .............................................. -.64 .87 -.31 .95 -.45 1.09 -.47 1.12

Frozen fish and seafood ...................................................... .17 .88 -.39 .99 -1.18 1.09 -5.13 1.13

Eggs .......................................................................................... -3.24 .94 -6.01 1.02 -21.01 1.36 -27.95 1.54

Dairy and related products .......................................................... -.04 .26 -.31 .27 -1.13 .34 -2.29 .39

Milk ............................................................................................ -.61 .35 -.91 .40 -2.51 .46 -5.10 .59

Fresh whole milk ...................................................................... -.28 .48 -.22 .70 -2.25 .86 -5.07 1.11

Fresh milk other than whole .................................................... -.30 .57 -1.03 .66 -3.01 .74 -5.48 .80

Cheese and related products .................................................... -.16 .47 -.33 .47 -1.37 .55 -2.55 .61

Ice cream and related products ................................................. .47 .76 .19 .87 -.59 1.07 .06 1.13

Other dairy and related products ............................................... -.19 .58 -.35 .61 -.58 .70 -.63 .86
Table 1V. U.S. city average, median price change and median price change standard error for the Consumer Price Index for All

Urban Consumers (CPI-U), by detailed expenditure categories for 1-, 2-, 6-, and 12-month intervals, 2016-Continued

Item and group

U.S. city average

1 Month 2 Month 6 Month 12 Month

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Expenditure category

Fruits and vegetables .................................................................. -0.17 0.28 -0.47 0.34 -0.63 0.41 1.16 0.44

Fresh fruits and vegetables ....................................................... -.27 .33 -.68 .41 -.72 .49 1.70 .54

Fresh fruits ............................................................................... .33 .48 .45 .54 .32 .73 2.79 .82

Apples .................................................................................... .84 .97 1.80 1.08 4.57 1.35 8.43 1.70

Bananas ................................................................................ -.45 .70 -.19 .85 -.68 .96 -.68 1.03

Citrus fruits ............................................................................ 1.20 .95 2.53 1.11 .44 1.63 2.54 1.54

Oranges, including tangerines ............................................. 1.12 1.35 2.35 1.61 -.13 1.99 .34 1.85

Other fresh fruits .................................................................... .45 .86 1.04 .96 .10 1.11 1.54 1.38

Fresh vegetables ..................................................................... -.24 .55 -.41 .65 -1.38 .84 .12 .85

Potatoes ................................................................................ .44 1.11 1.17 1.31 .24 1.83 1.86 2.00

Lettuce ................................................................................... -1.83 1.38 -1.86 1.58 -6.73 1.87 -3.34 2.05

Tomatoes ............................................................................... -.35 1.30 1.16 1.55 1.71 1.76 .13 1.83

Other fresh vegetables .......................................................... .08 .82 -1.04 .89 -1.99 1.15 .44 1.15

Processed fruits and vegetables ............................................... -.06 .45 -.30 .49 -.65 .61 -.30 .68

Canned fruits and vegetables .................................................. .05 .58 -.12 .67 -.47 .79 -.54 .84

Canned fruits ......................................................................... -.07 .77 -.15 .82 -.14 1.01 .35 1.16

Canned vegetables ................................................................ .22 .80 -.20 .94 -.99 1.06 -.70 .98

Frozen fruits and vegetables ................................................... .01 .93 .15 1.00 -.32 1.42 .56 1.49

Frozen vegetables ................................................................. -.15 1.27 .05 1.29 .10 1.32 -.10 1.38

Other processed fruits and vegetables including dried ............ .60 .81 -.54 .81 -.68 1.27 -1.50 1.57

Dried beans, peas, and lentils ............................................... -.37 .82 -.60 1.10 -.87 1.28 -1.71 1.49

Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials ........................ -.02 .34 -.22 .37 -.37 .40 -.50 .44

Juices and nonalcoholic drinks .................................................. .20 .42 .02 .45 -.38 .49 .11 .56

Carbonated drinks ................................................................... .04 .75 .36 .80 .46 .84 .88 .93

Frozen noncarbonated juices and drinks ................................. .25 .58 .68 .70 -.29 .79 .67 .92

Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices and drinks ........................... .04 .50 -.29 .56 -1.01 .58 -.18 .76

Beverage materials including coffee and tea ............................. -.08 .51 -.59 .55 -.95 .68 -1.83 .72

Coffee ...................................................................................... -.45 .72 -.67 .74 -1.63 .85 -2.95 .88

Roasted coffee ...................................................................... -.65 .96 -.77 1.10 -2.11 1.23 -3.02 1.37

Instant and freeze dried coffee .............................................. -.38 1.06 .20 .97 -.36 1.04 -2.81 1.26

Other beverage materials including tea ................................... .04 .65 .16 .76 .45 1.04 .47 .97

Other food at home ...................................................................... .00 .20 -.27 .21 -.20 .26 .16 .29

Sugar and sweets ...................................................................... -.01 .47 -.06 .53 -.37 .61 -.61 .74

Sugar and artificial sweeteners ............................................... -.59 .71 -.28 .71 -.92 .87 -1.06 1.13

Candy and chewing gum ......................................................... .08 .68 -.05 .72 -.59 .82 -.33 1.01

Other sweets ........................................................................... -.36 .67 .17 .92 -.06 1.22 -.54 1.32

Fats and oils .............................................................................. .00 .42 -.14 .45 -.68 .55 -.39 .69

Butter and margarine ............................................................... -.15 .81 -.41 .89 -.64 1.00 1.61 1.16

Butter ..................................................................................... -.49 1.05 -.96 1.20 -1.22 1.36 2.13 1.76

Margarine .............................................................................. .22 .89 .15 1.04 .38 1.37 1.59 1.89

Salad dressing ......................................................................... -.38 .83 -.16 .96 -.47 1.14 -.56 1.60

Other fats and oils including peanut butter .............................. .11 .56 -.08 .61 -.86 .72 -1.63 .73

Peanut butter ......................................................................... .16 .93 -.20 .78 -.89 1.16 -2.75 1.24

Other foods ................................................................................ -.07 .25 -.13 .26 -.24 .31 .34 .35

Soups ...................................................................................... .42 .95 .20 1.10 .39 1.29 1.52 1.35

Frozen and freeze dried prepared foods ................................. -.06 .60 .06 .62 -.69 .66 -.64 .74

Snacks ..................................................................................... -.13 .66 -.27 .63 .28 .70 .66 .73

Spices, seasonings, condiments, sauces ................................ .06 .55 -.10 .63 .42 .79 .95 .86

Salt and other seasonings and spices ................................... .15 .81 .42 1.03 1.67 1.77 3.12 1.54

Olives, pickles, relishes ......................................................... .08 1.20 -.40 1.59 -.40 1.83 1.22 1.96

Sauces and gravies ............................................................... -.15 .81 .06 1.01 -.59 1.15 -.30 1.25

Other condiments .................................................................. -.63 .80 .18 1.09 1.33 1.33 .63 1.49

Baby food ................................................................................ .16 .64 .44 .81 .93 .95 1.31 1.36

Other miscellaneous foods ...................................................... .15 .41 .22 .39 -.11 .47 -.01 .54

Prepared salads .................................................................... .07 .71 -.10 .81 .20 1.08 2.16 1.20

Food away from home ................................................................... .19 .04 .39 .06 1.23 .08 2.63 .12

Full service meals and snacks ..................................................... .19 .05 .40 .06 1.11 .11 2.37 .15

Limited service meals and snacks ............................................... .16 .07 .38 .10 1.35 .13 2.71 .19

Food at employee sites and schools ........................................... .13 .15 .24 .25 1.61 .40 4.97 1.39

Food at elementary and secondary schools .............................. .06 .06 .16 .11 1.83 .47 4.68 2.33

Food from vending machines and mobile vendors ...................... .24 .17 .53 .41 2.02 .61 3.27 .95
Table 1V. U.S. city average, median price change and median price change standard error for the Consumer Price Index for All

Urban Consumers (CPI-U), by detailed expenditure categories for 1-, 2-, 6-, and 12-month intervals, 2016-Continued

Item and group

U.S. city average

1 Month 2 Month 6 Month 12 Month

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Expenditure category

Other food away from home ........................................................ 0.04 0.04 0.11 0.12 0.34 0.23 1.16 0.39

Alcoholic beverages ........................................................................ .01 .13 .16 .19 .63 .23 1.24 .33

Alcoholic beverages at home ........................................................ -.08 .21 .00 .28 .32 .33 .84 .47

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages at home ............................. .21 .25 .24 .32 .87 .43 1.83 .56

Distilled spirits at home ................................................................ -.13 .35 -.02 .57 .24 .66 .44 .90

Whiskey at home ....................................................................... .30 .49 .63 .76 -.03 .78 .31 .95

Distilled spirits, excluding whiskey, at home .............................. .02 .52 .10 .69 .34 .62 .29 .69

Wine at home .............................................................................. -.14 .41 -.12 .59 -.12 .60 -.07 .78

Alcoholic beverages away from home ........................................... .18 .12 .36 .17 1.04 .24 1.78 .39

Beer, ale, and other malt beverages away from home ................ .21 .19 .49 .25 1.01 .39 1.80 .61

Wine away from home ................................................................. .11 .09 .31 .18 1.00 .36 1.20 .55

Distilled spirits away from home .................................................. .18 .14 .48 .26 1.31 .47 2.90 .79

Housing ............................................................................................. .23 .06 .47 .08 1.44 .08 2.42 .08

Shelter ............................................................................................. .29 .05 .59 .07 1.76 .09 3.38 .09

Rent of primary residence ............................................................. .31 .04 .60 .05 1.83 .09 3.77 .13

Lodging away from home .............................................................. -.84 1.49 1.89 2.11 1.85 2.38 3.42 1.64

Housing at school, excluding board ............................................. .11 .10 .36 .15 1.53 .24 2.92 .26

Other lodging away from home including hotels and motels ....... -.97 1.71 2.14 2.48 1.49 2.72 2.63 1.97

Owners’ equivalent rent of residences .......................................... .30 .03 .61 .04 1.62 .06 3.26 .08

Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence ............................. .30 .03 .62 .04 1.62 .06 3.26 .08

Tenants’ and household insurance ................................................ .03 .14 .04 .20 .03 .43 .94 .60

Fuels and utilities ............................................................................. .29 .06 .11 .09 .93 .18 -.65 .16

Household energy ......................................................................... .25 .07 -.08 .11 .69 .22 -2.05 .20

Fuel oil and other fuels ................................................................ .28 .39 .67 .53 .57 .81 -11.43 .98

Fuel oil ....................................................................................... 1.83 .48 2.80 .59 4.81 .64 -18.70 .51

Propane, kerosene, and firewood .............................................. .23 .63 -.12 .97 -.50 1.39 -1.58 2.24

Energy services ........................................................................... .17 .08 .21 .11 .75 .23 -1.45 .20

Electricity ................................................................................... .04 .09 .21 .15 .13 .30 -1.15 .24

Utility (piped) gas service .......................................................... .53 .10 .74 .16 1.85 .21 -2.54 .21

Water and sewer and trash collection services ........................... .29 .08 .59 .11 1.59 .19 3.56 .42

Water and sewerage maintenance ............................................ .34 .10 .66 .12 1.90 .22 4.08 .55

Garbage and trash collection ..................................................... .14 .06 .20 .08 .63 .18 1.68 .26

Household furnishings and operations ............................................ -.06 .13 -.27 .37 -.42 .38 -.97 .47

Window and floor coverings and other linens ................................ -.42 .60 -.41 .86 -.79 1.04 -1.76 1.21

Floor coverings ............................................................................ .26 .54 .31 .76 1.01 1.03 1.12 1.53

Window coverings ....................................................................... -.30 1.05 -.45 1.41 2.04 1.97 .78 2.25

Other linens ................................................................................. -.43 .91 -.74 1.30 -2.56 1.67 -3.71 1.81

Furniture and bedding ................................................................... -.35 .34 -.70 .43 -1.24 .64 -2.71 .90

Bedroom furniture ........................................................................ -.49 .42 -.24 .57 -.96 1.00 -1.11 1.57

Living room, kitchen, and dining room furniture ........................... -.13 .47 -.47 .74 -.58 .98 -1.53 1.13

Other furniture ............................................................................. -.90 .67 -1.50 .95 -4.31 1.44 -7.03 1.61

Infants’ furniture ......................................................................... -.01 .55 -2.56 1.39 6.92 1.64 .04 1.80

Appliances ..................................................................................... -.35 .60 -.93 .75 -1.67 1.00 -3.21 1.08

Major appliances ......................................................................... -.59 .72 -.75 .91 -3.38 1.05 -5.50 1.27

Laundry equipment .................................................................... -.41 1.15 -.43 1.29 -3.49 1.55 -5.82 1.51

Other appliances ......................................................................... -.55 .79 -.81 1.03 -1.08 1.46 -1.93 1.64

Other household equipment and furnishings ................................. -.26 .41 -.56 .58 -2.32 .80 -3.24 .90

Clocks, lamps, and decorator items ............................................ -.48 .57 -.87 .88 -2.63 1.24 -4.59 1.50

Indoor plants and flowers ............................................................ .28 .57 .53 .90 -.99 1.23 -.87 1.34

Dishes and flatware ..................................................................... -.98 1.22 -.89 1.53 -2.97 1.82 -3.21 2.13

Nonelectric cookware and tableware ........................................... .05 .60 -.24 1.20 -.56 1.16 -2.20 1.41

Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment and supplies ........................ .03 .22 -.08 .33 -.52 .47 -.89 .52

Tools, hardware and supplies ...................................................... -.08 .42 -.29 .54 -.71 .83 -1.72 .93

Outdoor equipment and supplies ................................................. .03 .26 -.24 .35 -.32 .63 -.63 .66

Housekeeping supplies ................................................................. -.09 .22 -.12 .28 -.14 .36 -.21 .43

Household cleaning products ...................................................... .16 .36 .22 .44 .36 .55 .45 .58

Household paper products .......................................................... .05 .43 -.04 .55 -.20 .70 -.27 .91

Miscellaneous household products ............................................. -.05 .38 -.25 .48 -.72 .69 -1.21 .85

Household operations .................................................................... .21 .11 .42 1.52 1.34 1.60 2.74 1.96

Domestic services ....................................................................... .02 .03 .17 .11 .62 .33 1.00 .35
Table 1V. U.S. city average, median price change and median price change standard error for the Consumer Price Index for All

Urban Consumers (CPI-U), by detailed expenditure categories for 1-, 2-, 6-, and 12-month intervals, 2016-Continued

Item and group

U.S. city average

1 Month 2 Month 6 Month 12 Month

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Expenditure category

Gardening and lawncare services ............................................... 0.04 0.13 0.32 0.19 0.63 0.36 1.54 0.50

Moving, storage, freight expense ................................................ .27 .65 1.11 9.52 4.35 9.17 10.25 12.29

Repair of household items ........................................................... .17 .23 .62 .29 1.36 .59 2.76 .91

Apparel .............................................................................................. .13 .37 -.11 .55 .13 .72 .26 .84

Men’s and boys’ apparel .................................................................. .29 .63 .05 .97 .36 1.23 -.41 1.63

Men’s apparel ................................................................................ -.05 .67 .07 .97 .43 1.35 -.72 1.46

Men’s suits, sport coats, and outerwear ...................................... .87 1.50 1.65 2.14 .44 3.37 -.67 4.01

Men’s furnishings ......................................................................... -.57 1.34 -1.38 1.94 .26 2.90 .84 2.73

Men’s shirts and sweaters ........................................................... .50 1.09 .90 1.67 .58 2.06 -.70 2.24

Men’s pants and shorts ............................................................... -.44 1.28 -1.73 1.78 -2.30 2.17 -3.70 2.42

Boys’ apparel ................................................................................. -.86 1.60 -1.20 2.34 -.24 3.31 .37 4.33

Women’s and girls’ apparel ............................................................. -.75 .62 -1.05 .82 .23 1.23 .15 1.43

Women’s apparel ........................................................................... -.57 .69 -.83 .89 .06 1.27 .25 1.41

Women’s outerwear ..................................................................... -.35 2.01 -.22 3.17 -1.49 4.61 2.67 5.83

Women’s dresses ........................................................................ -.94 1.69 -2.47 2.27 -.37 3.67 -1.88 4.76

Women’s suits and separates ..................................................... -.81 .82 -1.10 1.13 .02 1.50 -.20 1.51

Women’s underwear, nightwear, sportswear and accessories ... .29 1.16 .53 1.52 .79 2.25 1.43 2.77

Girls’ apparel ................................................................................. -.27 1.60 -1.71 2.18 .97 3.08 -.18 3.55

Footwear .......................................................................................... .09 .60 .81 .87 -.17 1.15 .49 1.27

Men’s footwear .............................................................................. .23 1.01 -.21 1.39 .01 1.83 .51 2.48

Boys’ and girls’ footwear ................................................................ .37 1.05 1.63 1.60 1.05 2.33 .93 2.83

Women’s footwear ......................................................................... .15 .90 -.03 1.29 -.70 1.71 -.27 1.71

Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel .......................................................... -.25 1.33 -.63 1.74 -2.28 2.26 -2.95 2.64

Jewelry and watches ....................................................................... .06 1.25 .94 2.15 3.17 3.98 5.91 4.61

Watches ......................................................................................... -.25 1.51 .65 2.13 2.76 3.02 5.75 3.45

Jewelry .......................................................................................... .10 1.40 .73 3.28 3.92 5.71 5.98 7.24

Transportation ................................................................................... .25 .06 .02 .08 .08 .11 -2.89 .13

Private transportation ...................................................................... .26 .06 -.01 .08 .20 .10 -3.16 .13

New and used motor vehicles ....................................................... -.12 .09 -.42 .12 -.48 .17 -.78 .19

New vehicles ............................................................................... -.06 .12 -.06 .15 .12 .20 .09 .24

New cars and trucks .................................................................. -.08 .15 -.07 .22 .12 .29 .08 .36

New cars .................................................................................... -.15 .17 -.14 .25 -.10 .33 -.47 .42

New trucks ................................................................................. -.01 .15 .13 .25 .23 .31 .53 .40

Used cars and trucks ................................................................... -.32 .02 -.90 .03 -2.05 .06 -3.30 .09

Leased cars and trucks ............................................................... -.30 .48 -.40 .70 -.54 1.00 .29 1.21

Car and truck rental ..................................................................... 1.52 1.88 2.23 2.78 1.24 3.09 3.20 3.47

Motor fuel ....................................................................................... 1.79 .15 -.70 .19 .51 .17 -14.66 .15

Gasoline (all types) ...................................................................... 1.79 .16 -.72 .19 .53 .17 -14.57 .15

Gasoline, unleaded regular ....................................................... 1.89 .65 -.72 .74 .49 .98 -15.20 .96

Gasoline, unleaded midgrade .................................................... 1.62 .63 -.65 .65 .05 .93 -12.30 1.21

Gasoline, unleaded premium ..................................................... 1.06 .56 -.45 .62 1.06 .92 -11.58 1.12

Other motor fuels ......................................................................... 1.56 .23 1.71 .28 2.30 .33 -17.13 .30

Motor vehicle parts and equipment ............................................... -.01 .27 -.27 .30 -.47 .42 -.29 .51

Tires ............................................................................................. -.18 .33 -.37 .41 -.97 .62 -.57 .71

Vehicle accessories other than tires ............................................ -.08 .42 .03 .41 -.02 .60 .26 .62

Vehicle parts and equipment other than tires ............................ .06 .36 .13 .37 .21 .63 .58 .76

Motor oil, coolant, and fluids ...................................................... -.21 .83 -.28 .92 -.12 .93 -.44 1.12

Motor vehicle maintenance and repair .......................................... .14 .16 .29 .24 .92 .34 1.75 .41

Motor vehicle body work .............................................................. .16 .19 .51 .30 1.31 .45 2.39 .58

Motor vehicle maintenance and servicing ................................... .16 .21 .27 .35 .78 .56 1.32 .63

Motor vehicle repair ..................................................................... .20 .18 .42 .25 .92 .43 2.05 .51

Motor vehicle insurance ................................................................. .40 .13 .77 .19 3.27 .34 6.46 .49

Motor vehicle fees ......................................................................... .09 .12 .37 .18 .83 .26 2.14 .48

State motor vehicle registration and license fees ........................ .03 .02 .07 .05 .51 .33 2.03 .76

Parking and other fees ................................................................ .20 .13 .48 .25 1.19 .32 2.27 .44

Parking fees and tolls ................................................................ .20 .17 .53 .35 1.50 .54 2.84 .68

Automobile service clubs ........................................................... .02 .11 .19 .23 .30 .30 -.01 .42

Public transportation ........................................................................ .11 .37 .50 .51 -.60 .62 -1.14 .66

Airline fare ..................................................................................... .03 .58 1.41 .81 -1.80 .91 -3.29 .98
Table 1V. U.S. city average, median price change and median price change standard error for the Consumer Price Index for All

Urban Consumers (CPI-U), by detailed expenditure categories for 1-, 2-, 6-, and 12-month intervals, 2016-Continued

Item and group

U.S. city average

1 Month 2 Month 6 Month 12 Month

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Expenditure category

Other intercity transportation ......................................................... 0.28 0.57 0.74 0.78 0.94 1.31 3.29 1.76

Intercity bus fare .......................................................................... .28 .89 .10 1.56 -1.35 2.20 2.55 1.86

Intercity train fare ......................................................................... .42 .92 .44 1.28 2.18 1.62 2.57 1.38

Ship fare ...................................................................................... -.18 .87 .48 1.22 3.35 2.17 7.01 3.01

Intracity transportation ................................................................... .03 .04 .14 .12 .77 .27 1.64 .33

Intracity mass transit .................................................................... .02 .07 .18 .22 .76 .54 1.77 .87

Medical care ...................................................................................... .27 .09 .61 .14 2.22 .23 3.81 .29

Medical care commodities ............................................................... .47 .26 .63 .40 2.45 .51 3.44 .67

Medicinal drugs ............................................................................. .51 .27 .66 .41 2.56 .53 3.58 .70

Prescription drugs ........................................................................ .48 .33 .79 .48 3.44 .61 4.82 .86

Nonprescription drugs ................................................................. -.17 .46 -.19 .62 -.51 .82 -1.29 .88

Medical equipment and supplies ................................................... .21 .54 .13 .83 -.11 .93 -.42 1.06

Medical care services ...................................................................... .23 .07 .63 .11 2.07 .25 3.89 .31

Professional services ..................................................................... .33 .09 .48 .13 1.65 .35 2.83 .40

Physicians’ services .................................................................... .24 .09 .53 .23 1.90 .60 3.24 .70

Dental services ............................................................................ .06 .16 .43 .23 1.23 .37 2.81 .45

Eyeglasses and eye care ............................................................ .02 .29 .07 .40 .95 .56 1.62 .81

Services by other medical professionals ..................................... .05 .22 .37 .36 1.07 .58 1.36 .68

Hospital and related services ........................................................ .22 .11 .46 .15 2.02 .28 4.30 .34

Hospital services ......................................................................... .22 .12 .47 .17 2.14 .31 4.46 .40

Inpatient hospital services ......................................................... .23 .25 .64 .42 2.25 .57 5.02 .80

Outpatient hospital services ...................................................... .23 .35 .32 .42 2.06 .70 3.09 1.07

Nursing homes and adult day services ........................................ .25 .11 .60 .17 1.79 .28 3.57 .39

Care of invalids and elderly at home ........................................... .11 .12 .14 .17 .99 .39 2.19 .66

Health insurance ............................................................................ .41 .10 1.00 .13 3.82 .28 6.25 .36

Recreation ......................................................................................... .01 .12 -.04 .16 .44 .22 .88 .25

Video and audio ............................................................................... .10 .15 .25 .20 .85 .28 1.42 .33

Televisions ..................................................................................... -1.86 .85 -4.38 1.07 -11.14 1.52 -19.79 1.79

Cable and satellite television and radio service ............................. .27 .12 .69 .17 2.11 .27 3.72 .34

Other video equipment .................................................................. .08 .67 -.37 .94 -2.26 1.43 -3.25 1.69

Video discs and other media, including rental of video and audio -.28 .95 -.84 1.43 .98 1.96 .62 2.22

Video discs and other media ....................................................... -.85 1.51 -1.56 2.08 -1.55 2.94 -.88 3.50

Rental of video or audio discs and other media .......................... .05 .23 .19 .35 1.93 .58 3.10 .82

Audio equipment ............................................................................ -.31 1.01 -1.46 1.28 -3.38 1.36 -4.03 1.53

Audio discs, tapes and other media .............................................. -.33 .72 -.16 1.03 -2.43 2.97 -2.71 2.71

Pets, pet products and services ...................................................... .19 .16 .27 .24 .80 .33 1.39 .43

Pets and pet products .................................................................... .08 .26 .07 .38 .31 .51 .18 .66

Pet food ....................................................................................... -.02 .30 -.01 .40 .67 .62 -.10 .71

Purchase of pets, pet supplies, accessories ............................... .17 .48 .25 .53 .02 .93 -.21 1.52

Pet services including veterinary ................................................... .20 .14 .42 .19 1.62 .33 3.57 .50

Pet services ................................................................................. .12 .19 .16 .28 .70 .42 2.13 .67

Veterinarian services ................................................................... .21 .15 .48 .22 1.66 .53 3.73 .84

Sporting goods ................................................................................ -.17 .29 -.37 .37 -.74 .80 -1.38 1.01

Sports vehicles including bicycles ................................................. .04 .37 -.16 .52 .43 1.33 -1.89 1.94

Sports equipment .......................................................................... -.32 .46 -.72 .57 -1.01 .98 -.83 1.27

Photography .................................................................................... .06 .38 .12 .55 .72 .74 .00 .99

Photographic equipment and supplies .......................................... -.08 .73 -.02 1.04 1.09 1.42 -3.15 1.92

Film and photographic supplies ................................................... .35 .20 .75 .32 2.49 .56 .15 1.29

Photographic equipment .............................................................. -.25 .80 -.15 1.26 .59 2.09 -3.96 1.84

Photographers and film processing ............................................... .04 .31 .21 .47 .64 .61 2.43 .81

Photographer fees ....................................................................... .03 .06 .05 .11 .54 .95 1.82 .82

Film processing ........................................................................... .04 .48 .29 .99 .88 1.26 2.06 1.62

Other recreational goods ................................................................. -.70 .38 -1.40 .50 -3.51 .75 -6.43 1.01

Toys ............................................................................................... -.83 .43 -1.59 .57 -4.34 .91 -8.14 1.25

Toys, games, hobbies and playground equipment ...................... -.99 .49 -1.45 .72 -3.48 1.01 -6.97 1.29

Sewing machines, fabric and supplies .......................................... .01 1.25 -.24 1.85 -1.56 2.10 -2.32 2.11

Music instruments and accessories ............................................... .06 .26 .30 .55 1.05 .78 2.20 1.23

Other recreation services ................................................................ .17 .30 .50 .41 1.33 .57 2.38 .56

Club dues and fees for participant sports and group exercises ..... .28 .29 .55 .44 1.06 .59 1.69 .74
Table 1V. U.S. city average, median price change and median price change standard error for the Consumer Price Index for All

Urban Consumers (CPI-U), by detailed expenditure categories for 1-, 2-, 6-, and 12-month intervals, 2016-Continued

Item and group

U.S. city average

1 Month 2 Month 6 Month 12 Month

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Expenditure category

Admissions .................................................................................... 0.09 0.62 0.42 0.87 2.17 1.22 3.33 1.22

Admission to movies, theaters, and concerts .............................. .24 .54 .53 .86 1.73 1.19 3.70 1.19

Admission to sporting events ....................................................... .64 2.29 .95 2.88 1.72 3.56 3.21 3.44

Fees for lessons or instructions ..................................................... .10 .25 .20 .34 .63 .55 1.79 .67

Recreational reading materials ........................................................ .04 .67 -.36 .75 -.41 1.09 -.18 1.45

Newspapers and magazines ......................................................... .26 .85 .30 1.00 .51 1.06 1.20 1.35

Recreational books ........................................................................ -.47 .95 -.50 1.24 -.59 1.89 -2.40 2.83

Education and communication .......................................................... -.03 .07 -.09 .10 .02 .13 .97 .19

Education ......................................................................................... .13 .05 .25 .06 1.33 .09 2.93 .16

Educational books and supplies .................................................... .35 .42 1.06 .58 2.80 .93 5.49 1.24

Tuition, other school fees, and childcare ....................................... .11 .05 .20 .06 1.26 .10 2.77 .17

College tuition and fees ............................................................... .11 .06 .16 .08 1.17 .12 2.84 .19

Elementary and high school tuition and fees ............................... .10 .04 .20 .08 1.63 .23 3.49 .31

Child care and nursery school ..................................................... .18 .06 .32 .13 1.29 .25 2.61 .34

Technical and business school tuition and fees .......................... .07 .08 .23 .11 .88 .25 1.64 .33

Communication ................................................................................ -.19 .13 -.35 .17 -1.07 .22 -.75 .32

Postage and delivery services ....................................................... .00 .02 .00 .04 .16 .31 .31 .50

Postage ....................................................................................... .00 .00 .00 .00 .22 .32 .44 .53

Delivery services ......................................................................... -.09 .37 -.36 .41 -.91 .72 -2.10 .83

Information and information processing ........................................ -.20 .13 -.37 .18 -1.08 .23 -.82 .33

Telephone services ..................................................................... -.09 .11 -.42 .15 -1.01 .25 .30 .32

Wireless telephone services ...................................................... -.18 .12 -.56 .20 -1.64 .33 .00 .43

Land-line telephone services ..................................................... .00 .20 .12 .29 .43 .50 .81 .55

Information technology, hardware and services ............................ -.16 .32 -.33 .43 -1.42 .51 -3.39 .69

Personal computers and peripheral equipment ........................... -.42 .47 -.95 .64 -3.38 .82 -7.38 .96

Computer software and accessories ........................................... -.81 1.26 -1.67 1.59 -4.69 2.18 -7.37 2.42

Internet services and electronic information providers ................ -.16 .44 .20 .62 .13 .73 -.43 1.02

Telephone hardware, calculators, and other consumer

information items ................................................................. -.56 .59 -1.42 .93 -3.72 1.31 -10.15 1.62

Other goods and services .................................................................. .17 .09 .33 .13 1.02 .18 1.97 .26

Tobacco and smoking products ....................................................... .22 .14 .55 .16 1.70 .22 3.56 .24

Cigarettes ...................................................................................... .20 .15 .59 .17 1.65 .22 3.61 .25

Tobacco products other than cigarettes ........................................ .27 .34 .34 .45 1.10 .80 2.92 .90

Personal care .................................................................................. .14 .11 .29 .16 .82 .22 1.61 .32

Personal care products .................................................................. -.07 .31 -.11 .42 -.11 .51 -.17 .65

Hair, dental, shaving, and miscellaneous personal care

products ............................................................................... -.08 .40 -.09 .57 -.21 .72 -.60 .84

Cosmetics, perfume, bath, nail preparations and implements ..... -.08 .43 -.12 .57 .12 .78 .48 .99

Personal care services .................................................................. .15 .10 .34 .13 .86 .25 1.89 .35

Haircuts and other personal care services .................................. .15 .10 .34 .13 .86 .25 1.89 .35

Miscellaneous personal services ................................................... .25 .13 .51 .17 1.58 .34 3.22 .47

Legal services .............................................................................. .08 .12 .31 .23 2.03 .64 3.61 .81

Funeral expenses ........................................................................ .15 .09 .28 .14 .87 .31 1.94 .49

Laundry and dry cleaning services .............................................. .19 .10 .41 .19 1.54 .33 3.18 .54

Apparel services other than laundry and dry cleaning ................. .15 .10 .24 .17 .81 .33 1.77 .44

Financial services ........................................................................ .43 .27 .74 .37 2.58 1.14 4.15 1.55

Checking account and other bank services ............................... .09 .10 .28 .18 2.26 2.16 3.31 2.77

Tax return preparation and other accounting fees ..................... .30 .35 .87 .50 2.54 .86 4.55 1.45

Miscellaneous personal goods ...................................................... .01 .56 .44 .86 -.76 1.09 -3.12 1.36

Stationery, stationery supplies, gift wrap ..................................... .14 .57 .47 .86 .47 .92 -.72 1.36

Infants’ equipment ....................................................................... .02 .59 -1.39 1.10 -3.04 1.73 -5.67 2.23

Special aggregate indexes

Commodities ........................................................................................ -.03 .05 -.10 .07 -.27 .09 -1.53 .11

Commodities less food and beverages ............................................. .00 .07 -.17 .10 -.38 .14 -3.20 .16

Nondurables less food and beverages ............................................ .31 .12 .31 .16 .42 .23 -4.30 .26

Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel ........................... .65 .09 -.16 .12 .52 .16 -5.67 .17

Durables .......................................................................................... -.29 .07 -.71 .10 -1.01 .13 -2.02 .15

Services ............................................................................................... .23 .04 .46 .06 1.46 .07 2.86 .07

Rent of shelter ..................................................................................... .29 .05 .59 .07 1.78 .09 3.41 .09

Transportation services ....................................................................... .20 .11 .58 .16 1.56 .24 2.89 .28

Other services ..................................................................................... .15 .07 .20 .09 .95 .12 2.11 .17

All items less food ................................................................................ .14 .04 .30 .05 .98 .06 1.19 .07

All items less shelter ............................................................................ .04 .03 .11 .05 .35 .07 .02 .08
Table 1V. U.S. city average, median price change and median price change standard error for the Consumer Price Index for All

Urban Consumers (CPI-U), by detailed expenditure categories for 1-, 2-, 6-, and 12-month intervals, 2016-Continued

Item and group

U.S. city average

1 Month 2 Month 6 Month 12 Month

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Special aggregate indexes

All items less medical care .................................................................. 0.13 0.03 0.19 0.05 0.70 0.05 0.90 0.06

Commodities less food ........................................................................ .00 .07 -.15 .10 -.33 .14 -3.01 .16

Nondurables less food ......................................................................... .29 .11 .31 .15 .43 .21 -3.91 .24

Nondurables less food and apparel ..................................................... .61 .08 -.13 .11 .53 .14 -5.04 .16

Nondurables ........................................................................................ .12 .06 .03 .08 .12 .11 -1.70 .13

Apparel less footwear .......................................................................... .14 .42 -.36 .63 .07 .88 .30 1.01

Services less rent of shelter ................................................................ .17 .04 .38 .08 1.13 .10 2.27 .12

Services less medical care services .................................................... .21 .05 .45 .06 1.39 .07 2.77 .07

Energy ................................................................................................. .23 .09 -.34 .11 .57 .14 -9.06 .13

All items less energy ............................................................................ .17 .04 .29 .05 .92 .06 1.96 .06

All items less food and energy ........................................................... .20 .04 .36 .06 1.15 .06 2.20 .07

All items less food and shelter ......................................................... .00 .04 .09 .06 .50 .08 -.12 .10

All items less food, shelter, and energy ......................................... .11 .05 .11 .07 .73 .09 1.40 .11

All items less food, shelter, energy, and used cars and trucks .... .18 .05 .25 .07 .79 .10 1.53 .12

Commodities less food and energy commodities ............................ .12 .08 -.19 .11 -.29 .16 -.53 .19

Commodities less food, energy, and used cars and trucks ........... .09 .09 -.19 .13 -.12 .18 -.31 .21

Energy commodities ...................................................................... 1.92 .15 -.54 .18 .44 .16 -14.76 .15

Services less energy services ......................................................... .25 .04 .46 .06 1.60 .07 3.10 .07

Domestically produced farm food ........................................................ -.12 .11 -.49 .12 -1.27 .15 -1.61 .16

Utilities and public transportation ......................................................... .00 .07 .05 .09 .23 .14 .42 .16
Table 2V. Northeast Region, median price change and median price change standard error for the Consumer Price Index for All

Urban Consumers (CPI-U), by detailed expenditure categories for 1-, 2-, 6-, and 12-month intervals, 2016

Item and group

Northeast

1 Month 2 Month 6 Month 12 Month

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Expenditure category

All items ............................................................................................... 0.20 0.07 0.25 0.09 0.81 0.14 0.94 0.14

Food and beverages .......................................................................... -.03 .14 .05 .16 -.05 .18 .15 .20

Food ................................................................................................ -.04 .15 .03 .16 -.09 .20 .13 .20

Food at home ................................................................................ -.16 .23 -.30 .26 -1.00 .29 -1.64 .30

Food away from home ................................................................... .21 .10 .40 .12 1.36 .21 2.64 .31

Alcoholic beverages ........................................................................ .06 .26 .24 .54 .49 .49 .84 .90

Housing ............................................................................................. .20 .10 .37 .17 1.14 .25 1.81 .19

Shelter ............................................................................................. .29 .10 .54 .19 1.53 .26 2.78 .23

Rent of primary residence ............................................................. .21 .08 .42 .11 1.24 .21 2.88 .33

Owners’ equivalent rent of residences .......................................... .22 .05 .46 .07 1.46 .13 2.79 .19

Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence ............................. .22 .05 .46 .07 1.46 .13 2.77 .19

Fuels and utilities ............................................................................. .25 .15 .22 .20 .98 .28 -2.44 .29

Household energy ......................................................................... .22 .16 .13 .23 .90 .34 -3.60 .31

Energy services ........................................................................... .25 .18 .53 .25 .55 .36 -1.06 .35

Electricity ................................................................................... -.35 .24 .12 .30 -.13 .47 -1.40 .46

Utility (piped) gas service .......................................................... .12 .17 .59 .32 2.61 .34 .74 .37

Household furnishings and operations ............................................ -.23 .34 -.36 .35 -1.08 .46 -1.77 .61

Apparel .............................................................................................. .05 .66 .37 .94 -.11 1.59 .53 2.01

Transportation ................................................................................... .16 .13 .08 .18 .23 .21 -2.44 .26

Private transportation ...................................................................... .27 .11 -.07 .15 .32 .19 -2.84 .21

New and used motor vehicles ....................................................... .00 .17 -.34 .28 -.74 .38 -1.11 .42

New vehicles ............................................................................... -.05 .19 -.08 .23 -.03 .28 .07 .40

New cars and trucks .................................................................. -.05 .14 -.09 .23 -.04 .44 .04 .56

New cars .................................................................................... -.12 .19 -.06 .31 -.42 .49 -.67 .71

Used cars and trucks ................................................................... -.43 .03 -.95 .06 -2.12 .12 -3.42 .19

Motor fuel ....................................................................................... 2.04 .16 .89 .23 2.14 .25 -14.00 .32

Gasoline (all types) ...................................................................... 2.03 .16 .87 .23 2.18 .25 -13.88 .33

Gasoline, unleaded regular ....................................................... 2.10 .40 .88 .61 2.13 .61 -14.61 .65

Gasoline, unleaded midgrade .................................................... 1.59 .45 .93 .69 1.89 .70 -11.67 .71

Gasoline, unleaded premium ..................................................... 1.29 .40 .81 .54 1.74 .54 -9.82 .45

Medical care ...................................................................................... .29 .21 .72 .30 2.24 .73 3.45 .96

Medical care commodities ............................................................... .62 .57 1.10 1.01 2.04 1.27 3.85 1.71

Medical care services ...................................................................... .22 .13 .48 .23 2.14 .87 3.53 1.06

Professional services ..................................................................... .17 .18 .17 .32 1.33 1.25 2.38 1.25

Recreation ......................................................................................... .10 .23 .19 .30 .32 .46 .40 .48

Education and communication .......................................................... .06 .12 .03 .14 .48 .24 1.81 .34

Other goods and services .................................................................. .21 .24 .37 .31 1.60 .44 2.93 .68

Special aggregate indexes

Commodities ........................................................................................ -.11 .11 -.18 .14 -.05 .20 -1.60 .26

Commodities less food and beverages ............................................. -.15 .14 -.08 .19 -.09 .30 -3.30 .40

Nondurables less food and beverages ............................................ .06 .21 .27 .29 .86 .48 -4.33 .63

Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel ........................... .89 .20 .63 .29 1.05 .33 -5.97 .37

Durables .......................................................................................... -.35 .15 -.69 .17 -1.09 .25 -2.25 .31

Services ............................................................................................... .23 .08 .52 .13 1.24 .21 2.42 .15

Rent of shelter ..................................................................................... .29 .11 .54 .19 1.54 .27 2.78 .23

Transportation services ....................................................................... -.03 .27 .33 .37 1.05 .50 1.65 .52

Other services ..................................................................................... .21 .11 .37 .17 .95 .26 2.16 .40

All items less food ................................................................................ .23 .07 .27 .11 .93 .15 1.00 .15

All items less shelter ............................................................................ .09 .07 .19 .10 .46 .16 -.03 .19

All items less medical care .................................................................. .15 .07 .23 .10 .70 .14 .74 .15

Commodities less food ........................................................................ -.15 .13 -.06 .18 -.06 .29 -3.10 .40

Nondurables less food ......................................................................... .04 .20 .29 .26 .84 .45 -3.96 .61

Nondurables less food and apparel ..................................................... .78 .19 .56 .28 1.00 .29 -5.27 .34

Nondurables ........................................................................................ .00 .13 -.05 .17 .39 .25 -1.69 .31

Services less rent of shelter ................................................................ .24 .08 .39 .13 1.04 .24 2.05 .25

Services less medical care services .................................................... .24 .09 .50 .14 1.20 .19 2.28 .15

Energy ................................................................................................. 1.35 .14 .92 .18 .86 .22 -9.39 .23

All items less energy ............................................................................ .14 .07 .33 .10 .83 .15 1.68 .14

All items less food and energy ........................................................... .17 .07 .36 .11 .96 .17 1.90 .16

Commodities less food and energy commodities ............................ -.04 .16 .02 .22 -.20 .34 -.50 .47

Energy commodities ...................................................................... 2.07 .16 1.47 .20 1.92 .24 -15.10 .28

Services less energy services ......................................................... .24 .08 .52 .13 1.30 .22 2.67 .15
Table 3V. Midwest Region, median price change and median price change standard error for the Consumer Price Index for All Urban

Consumers (CPI-U), by detailed expenditure categories for 1-, 2-, 6-, and 12-month intervals, 2016

Item and group

Midwest

1 Month 2 Month 6 Month 12 Month

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Expenditure category

All items ............................................................................................... 0.19 0.06 0.17 0.07 0.51 0.09 0.80 0.11

Food and beverages .......................................................................... -.11 .11 .06 .13 -.11 .17 .25 .20

Food ................................................................................................ -.13 .12 .07 .14 -.16 .17 .17 .21

Food at home ................................................................................ -.27 .19 -.39 .21 -1.00 .25 -1.50 .27

Food away from home ................................................................... .20 .10 .39 .13 1.31 .17 2.52 .28

Alcoholic beverages ........................................................................ .06 .19 .04 .30 .44 .34 .95 .46

Housing ............................................................................................. .17 .08 .37 .09 1.20 .11 1.85 .13

Shelter ............................................................................................. .20 .09 .51 .11 1.47 .13 2.75 .15

Rent of primary residence ............................................................. .25 .05 .51 .09 1.42 .15 2.82 .22

Owners’ equivalent rent of residences .......................................... .25 .04 .48 .06 1.44 .10 2.80 .13

Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence ............................. .25 .04 .48 .06 1.44 .10 2.80 .13

Fuels and utilities ............................................................................. .06 .11 .42 .18 1.47 .29 -.58 .27

Household energy ......................................................................... -.11 .12 .37 .16 1.27 .33 -1.97 .29

Energy services ........................................................................... -.22 .13 .40 .17 1.27 .34 -1.78 .28

Electricity ................................................................................... -.10 .16 .07 .19 .37 .52 .39 .32

Utility (piped) gas service .......................................................... .79 .19 1.59 .27 .60 .43 -6.00 .40

Household furnishings and operations ............................................ -.19 .24 -.28 .37 -.66 .48 -1.36 .52

Apparel .............................................................................................. .25 .66 .11 1.04 -.63 1.39 -.95 1.38

Transportation ................................................................................... -.16 .12 -.43 .13 -1.21 .19 -3.24 .21

Private transportation ...................................................................... -.16 .11 -.40 .15 -1.06 .19 -3.46 .22

New and used motor vehicles ....................................................... -.11 .14 -.26 .19 -.49 .31 -1.09 .35

New vehicles ............................................................................... .05 .20 -.14 .28 -.28 .39 -.34 .38

New cars and trucks .................................................................. .07 .24 -.18 .38 -.32 .54 -.55 .56

New cars .................................................................................... -.07 .24 -.25 .30 -.26 .44 -.68 .62

Used cars and trucks ................................................................... -.31 .03 -.81 .05 -1.95 .12 -3.03 .16

Motor fuel ....................................................................................... .45 .31 -.03 .35 -2.34 .38 -12.21 .28

Gasoline (all types) ...................................................................... .43 .32 -.04 .35 -2.30 .38 -12.05 .28

Gasoline, unleaded regular ....................................................... .39 .69 -.07 .83 -2.54 1.24 -12.98 .96

Gasoline, unleaded midgrade .................................................... .67 .75 .13 .91 -1.55 .88 -9.60 .69

Gasoline, unleaded premium ..................................................... .66 .58 .40 .62 -.65 .91 -6.54 .91

Medical care ...................................................................................... .26 .14 .69 .23 2.32 .33 3.91 .40

Medical care commodities ............................................................... .33 .43 .67 .64 2.51 1.02 3.41 1.21

Medical care services ...................................................................... .43 .14 .78 .23 2.34 .35 4.05 .46

Professional services ..................................................................... .17 .10 .89 .26 1.83 .42 3.64 .69

Recreation ......................................................................................... .12 .22 .23 .40 .43 .53 .95 .50

Education and communication .......................................................... -.02 .11 -.07 .18 .02 .24 .51 .31

Other goods and services .................................................................. .29 .17 .38 .25 .91 .33 1.93 .49

Special aggregate indexes

Commodities ........................................................................................ .16 .10 -.20 .13 -.68 .16 -1.49 .17

Commodities less food and beverages ............................................. .19 .14 -.47 .19 -1.06 .25 -2.90 .26

Nondurables less food and beverages ............................................ .55 .22 -.20 .31 -.55 .40 -3.32 .38

Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel ........................... .21 .18 .01 .23 -.52 .30 -4.23 .36

Durables .......................................................................................... -.25 .14 -.57 .18 -1.23 .27 -2.12 .25

Services ............................................................................................... .24 .07 .47 .08 1.29 .11 2.42 .13

Rent of shelter ..................................................................................... .20 .10 .53 .11 1.48 .13 2.80 .15

Transportation services ....................................................................... .18 .20 .27 .26 .91 .34 1.76 .50

Other services ..................................................................................... .04 .13 .17 .21 .83 .31 1.66 .31

All items less food ................................................................................ .18 .06 .21 .08 .62 .10 .80 .12

All items less shelter ............................................................................ .12 .07 -.04 .09 .13 .12 -.04 .14

All items less medical care .................................................................. .14 .06 .08 .07 .33 .10 .58 .11

Commodities less food ........................................................................ .20 .13 -.44 .18 -1.01 .24 -2.75 .24

Nondurables less food ......................................................................... .53 .21 -.18 .28 -.50 .37 -3.06 .34

Nondurables less food and apparel ..................................................... .19 .17 .01 .21 -.45 .28 -3.83 .32

Nondurables ........................................................................................ .36 .13 -.10 .15 -.29 .20 -1.23 .20

Services less rent of shelter ................................................................ .26 .09 .47 .12 1.15 .17 1.95 .20

Services less medical care services .................................................... .22 .08 .43 .09 1.16 .11 2.17 .13

Energy ................................................................................................. .20 .16 .04 .20 -.47 .24 -7.68 .22

All items less energy ............................................................................ .14 .06 .28 .07 .73 .09 1.49 .12

All items less food and energy ........................................................... .16 .06 .32 .08 .90 .11 1.76 .14

Commodities less food and energy commodities ............................ .08 .14 -.20 .21 -.47 .29 -.60 .28

Energy commodities ...................................................................... .51 .30 .11 .32 -2.24 .35 -12.28 .27

Services less energy services ......................................................... .27 .07 .43 .09 1.37 .12 2.67 .13
Table 4V. South Region, median price change and median price change standard error for the Consumer Price Index for All Urban

Consumers (CPI-U), by detailed expenditure categories for 1-, 2-, 6-, and 12-month intervals, 2016

Item and group

South

1 Month 2 Month 6 Month 12 Month

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Expenditure category

All items ............................................................................................... 0.10 0.05 0.25 0.08 0.75 0.09 0.92 0.10

Food and beverages .......................................................................... -.01 .10 -.14 .13 -.18 .13 .02 .14

Food ................................................................................................ -.03 .10 -.15 .13 -.23 .13 -.07 .14

Food at home ................................................................................ -.14 .18 -.42 .21 -1.03 .24 -1.47 .26

Food away from home ................................................................... .13 .05 .27 .08 .95 .14 1.95 .20

Alcoholic beverages ........................................................................ .01 .19 .14 .27 .47 .41 1.11 .56

Housing ............................................................................................. .16 .06 .24 .13 1.07 .14 1.85 .17

Shelter ............................................................................................. .24 .07 .45 .09 1.35 .13 2.79 .16

Rent of primary residence ............................................................. .30 .06 .58 .09 1.59 .17 3.29 .22

Owners’ equivalent rent of residences .......................................... .23 .05 .46 .07 1.20 .13 2.68 .16

Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence ............................. .23 .05 .46 .07 1.20 .13 2.68 .16

Fuels and utilities ............................................................................. -.16 .12 -.76 .18 .21 .33 -1.44 .29

Household energy ......................................................................... -.22 .15 -1.07 .23 -.14 .45 -2.80 .38

Energy services ........................................................................... -.23 .15 -1.11 .22 -.14 .45 -2.66 .39

Electricity ................................................................................... -.15 .16 -1.07 .26 -.71 .51 -2.95 .44

Utility (piped) gas service .......................................................... .57 .30 1.87 .36 1.16 .39 .38 .40

Household furnishings and operations ............................................ -.01 .20 -.03 .95 -.12 .98 -.47 1.27

Apparel .............................................................................................. -.39 .52 .43 .84 .07 1.09 .34 1.36

Transportation ................................................................................... .55 .11 .41 .15 .88 .17 -2.41 .24

Private transportation ...................................................................... .55 .11 .36 .16 .97 .16 -2.51 .24

New and used motor vehicles ....................................................... -.16 .12 -.25 .18 -.24 .22 -.48 .25

New vehicles ............................................................................... -.04 .12 -.12 .25 .20 .34 .01 .44

New cars and trucks .................................................................. -.01 .19 -.09 .24 .24 .53 .06 1.02

New cars .................................................................................... -.05 .26 -.25 .34 .10 .53 -.52 1.11

Used cars and trucks ................................................................... -.29 .03 -.92 .05 -1.78 .12 -2.88 .15

Motor fuel ....................................................................................... 2.99 .33 .14 .39 1.42 .29 -14.95 .27

Gasoline (all types) ...................................................................... 3.00 .33 .11 .40 1.45 .30 -14.88 .27

Gasoline, unleaded regular ....................................................... 3.08 .64 .10 .84 1.42 .77 -15.59 .72

Gasoline, unleaded midgrade .................................................... 2.69 .53 .04 .73 1.54 .78 -12.28 .75

Gasoline, unleaded premium ..................................................... 2.16 .44 .22 .50 1.76 .66 -10.76 .65

Medical care ...................................................................................... .22 .15 .54 .28 2.31 .38 3.83 .36

Medical care commodities ............................................................... .45 .41 .77 .61 1.88 .78 3.89 .84

Medical care services ...................................................................... .18 .11 .54 .19 2.26 .37 3.94 .37

Professional services ..................................................................... .13 .13 .39 .20 1.27 .63 2.10 .64

Recreation ......................................................................................... .04 .13 .10 .20 .59 .32 .97 .40

Education and communication .......................................................... -.01 .13 -.01 .19 -.16 .28 1.33 .39

Other goods and services .................................................................. .17 .11 .30 .17 1.03 .27 1.99 .38

Special aggregate indexes

Commodities ........................................................................................ .08 .08 .02 .10 -.15 .13 -1.80 .18

Commodities less food and beverages ............................................. .23 .12 .00 .17 -.05 .21 -3.12 .26

Nondurables less food and beverages ............................................ .57 .19 .65 .27 .74 .38 -4.12 .44

Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel ........................... 1.10 .15 .31 .21 .98 .27 -5.22 .31

Durables .......................................................................................... -.26 .07 -.48 .14 -.83 .18 -1.75 .23

Services ............................................................................................... .21 .05 .44 .09 1.31 .12 2.67 .13

Rent of shelter ..................................................................................... .24 .07 .45 .09 1.37 .14 2.81 .16

Transportation services ....................................................................... .32 .17 .82 .26 2.45 .40 4.97 .58

Other services ..................................................................................... .07 .10 .19 .13 1.21 .20 2.56 .28

All items less food ................................................................................ .13 .05 .28 .08 .94 .10 1.07 .12

All items less shelter ............................................................................ .05 .06 .13 .10 .45 .12 .10 .14

All items less medical care .................................................................. .11 .05 .14 .08 .61 .09 .66 .10

Commodities less food ........................................................................ .22 .11 .00 .17 -.02 .21 -2.97 .25

Nondurables less food ......................................................................... .54 .17 .61 .25 .72 .36 -3.80 .42

Nondurables less food and apparel ..................................................... 1.03 .13 .29 .19 .93 .26 -4.72 .30

Nondurables ........................................................................................ .18 .10 .32 .13 .19 .18 -1.88 .22

Services less rent of shelter ................................................................ .23 .07 .42 .17 1.22 .21 2.52 .26

Services less medical care services .................................................... .17 .06 .34 .10 1.22 .12 2.49 .14

Energy ................................................................................................. .23 .17 .52 .20 .49 .27 -8.94 .24

All items less energy ............................................................................ .15 .05 .27 .08 .88 .09 1.85 .10

All items less food and energy ........................................................... .18 .06 .31 .09 1.11 .11 2.16 .13

Commodities less food and energy commodities ............................ .00 .12 -.29 .19 -.12 .24 -.40 .30

Energy commodities ...................................................................... 2.95 .32 .16 .38 1.36 .28 -14.90 .26

Services less energy services ......................................................... .25 .06 .55 .10 1.51 .12 3.04 .14
Table 5V. West Region, median price change and median price change standard error for the Consumer Price Index for All Urban

Consumers (CPI-U), by detailed expenditure categories for 1-, 2-, 6-, and 12-month intervals, 2016

Item and group

West

1 Month 2 Month 6 Month 12 Month

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Median

price

change

Median

standard

error

Expenditure category

All items ............................................................................................... 0.20 0.06 0.35 0.08 1.13 0.11 1.90 0.13

Food and beverages .......................................................................... .02 .12 -.12 .15 -.01 .16 1.01 .19

Food ................................................................................................ .00 .12 -.16 .16 -.09 .16 .97 .19

Food at home ................................................................................ -.16 .21 -.50 .25 -1.08 .26 -1.06 .29

Food away from home ................................................................... .21 .07 .44 .10 1.46 .16 3.31 .20

Alcoholic beverages ........................................................................ .22 .24 .16 .34 1.02 .48 1.89 .60

Housing ............................................................................................. .43 .08 .81 .09 2.18 .12 4.00 .12

Shelter ............................................................................................. .49 .09 .91 .11 2.54 .14 4.85 .15

Rent of primary residence ............................................................. .46 .07 .94 .09 2.68 .16 5.25 .21

Owners’ equivalent rent of residences .......................................... .44 .06 .89 .08 2.44 .13 4.90 .15

Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence ............................. .44 .06 .89 .08 2.44 .13 4.90 .15

Fuels and utilities ............................................................................. .39 .11 .86 .15 1.93 .30 2.18 .34

Household energy ......................................................................... .54 .11 1.18 .18 2.25 .42 .93 .32

Energy services ........................................................................... .53 .11 1.15 .18 2.28 .42 .81 .24

Electricity ................................................................................... .31 .08 .75 .22 1.80 .62 2.16 .22

Utility (piped) gas service .......................................................... .72 .13 2.05 .28 1.97 .48 -2.37 .33

Household furnishings and operations ............................................ -.16 .30 -.33 .34 -.32 .39 -.47 .55

Apparel .............................................................................................. .59 .75 .39 1.24 .23 1.69 .66 1.90

Transportation ................................................................................... .04 .12 -.31 .16 -.12 .25 -2.61 .26

Private transportation ...................................................................... .04 .14 -.37 .17 .08 .24 -2.80 .26

New and used motor vehicles ....................................................... -.05 .19 -.31 .27 -.68 .41 -.56 .47

New vehicles ............................................................................... .12 .30 .26 .40 .52 .54 .45 .54

New cars and trucks .................................................................. .11 .28 .26 .37 .50 .57 .37 .92

New cars .................................................................................... .05 .35 .01 .46 .23 .64 -.59 .91

Used cars and trucks ................................................................... -.32 .04 -.91 .06 -2.50 .11 -3.97 .22

Motor fuel ....................................................................................... .42 .27 -1.22 .29 .43 .28 -13.86 .28

Gasoline (all types) ...................................................................... .49 .27 -1.26 .29 .43 .29 -13.65 .29

Gasoline, unleaded regular ....................................................... .43 .68 -1.30 .81 .43 1.70 -14.12 1.49

Gasoline, unleaded midgrade .................................................... .83 .57 -1.23 .73 .03 1.21 -12.69 1.40

Gasoline, unleaded premium ..................................................... .67 .66 -1.03 .82 .75 1.46 -11.60 1.52

Medical care ...................................................................................... .24 .17 .58 .22 2.01 .38 3.41 .49

Medical care commodities ............................................................... .60 .57 .80 .73 2.09 .91 3.18 .95

Medical care services ...................................................................... .17 .12 .49 .20 1.85 .38 3.48 .50

Professional services ..................................................................... .14 .12 .52 .24 1.75 .35 3.18 .71

Recreation ......................................................................................... .16 .24 .06 .34 .44 .47 1.24 .57

Education and communication .......................................................... -.10 .14 -.14 .23 -.53 .30 -.07 .38

Other goods and services .................................................................. .11 .22 .18 .29 .68 .37 1.32 .46

Special aggregate indexes

Commodities ........................................................................................ .05 .12 -.23 .16 -.29 .19 -1.26 .24

Commodities less food and beverages ............................................. .10 .16 -.30 .25 -.44 .32 -2.69 .38

Nondurables less food and beverages ............................................ .23 .23 -.48 .35 .44 .50 -3.60 .57

Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel ........................... .10 .17 -.41 .19 .38 .28 -5.00 .32

Durables .......................................................................................... -.04 .18 -.28 .23 -1.04 .29 -1.66 .37

Services ............................................................................................... .29 .07 .62 .09 1.97 .11 3.70 .13

Rent of shelter ..................................................................................... .49 .09 .92 .11 2.56 .14 4.88 .15

Transportation services ....................................................................... .18 .23 .66 .32 1.30 .57 2.43 .46

Other services ..................................................................................... .06 .15 .19 .21 .62 .26 1.70 .37

All items less food ................................................................................ .24 .06 .41 .08 1.34 .12 2.03 .14

All items less shelter ............................................................................ .09 .07 .00 .11 .31 .14 .32 .19

All items less medical care .................................................................. .22 .07 .32 .08 1.07 .12 1.78 .14

Commodities less food ........................................................................ .11 .16 -.27 .23 -.37 .30 -2.45 .36

Nondurables less food ......................................................................... .28 .21 -.42 .33 .49 .46 -3.15 .55

Nondurables less food and apparel ..................................................... .17 .15 -.29 .17 .44 .27 -4.27 .31

Nondurables ........................................................................................ .17 .13 -.30 .20 .13 .23 -1.10 .29

Services less rent of shelter ................................................................ .10 .09 .24 .11 1.13 .16 2.28 .19

Services less medical care services .................................................... .31 .07 .61 .10 1.95 .11 3.74 .12

Energy ................................................................................................. .78 .15 -.90 .18 1.36 .22 -7.45 .24

All items less energy ............................................................................ .20 .07 .39 .09 1.24 .11 2.56 .15

All items less food and energy ........................................................... .23 .07 .46 .09 1.39 .13 2.86 .16

Commodities less food and energy commodities ............................ .08 .18 -.08 .28 -.28 .38 -.42 .44

Energy commodities ...................................................................... .38 .26 -1.19 .28 .38 .29 -13.48 .33

Services less energy services ......................................................... .27 .07 .59 .09 1.93 .11 3.88 .13