HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES

42. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation and industry

2018 2019

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,099 14,744 10.5 16,380 11.7 141,737 14,574 10.3 16,383 11.6

OCCUPATION

Management, professional, and related

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,258 6,183 11.2 7,069 12.8 56,495 6,277 11.1 7,211 12.8

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,196 916 4.3 1,130 5.3 21,991 957 4.4 1,183 5.4

Management occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,299 607 4.2 750 5.2 14,753 614 4.2 748 5.1

Business and financial operations

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,897 309 4.5 379 5.5 7,238 343 4.7 435 6.0

Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 34,062 5,267 15.5 5,939 17.4 34,504 5,319 15.4 6,028 17.5

Computer and mathematical occupations. . . . . . 4,937 181 3.7 227 4.6 5,145 196 3.8 254 4.9

Architecture and engineering occupations. . . . . 3,124 232 7.4 263 8.4 3,137 220 7.0 264 8.4

Life, physical, and social science

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,436 141 9.8 160 11.1 1,392 120 8.6 138 9.9

Community and social service occupations. . . . 2,614 360 13.8 395 15.1 2,617 408 15.6 454 17.4

Legal occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,585 94 6.0 121 7.6 1,598 78 4.9 110 6.9

Education, training, and library occupations. . . 9,140 3,089 33.8 3,435 37.6 9,233 3,057 33.1 3,381 36.6

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,417 161 6.6 187 7.7 2,259 165 7.3 180 8.0

Healthcare practitioners and technical

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,810 1,008 11.4 1,152 13.1 9,123 1,076 11.8 1,247 13.7

Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,320 2,389 9.8 2,613 10.7 24,547 2,294 9.3 2,539 10.3

Healthcare support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,507 284 8.1 314 8.9 3,605 265 7.4 298 8.3

Protective service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,193 1,081 33.9 1,135 35.5 3,073 1,038 33.8 1,100 35.8

Food preparation and serving related

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,052 314 3.9 373 4.6 8,306 294 3.5 351 4.2

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,990 453 9.1 510 10.2 4,962 433 8.7 483 9.7

Personal care and service occupations. . . . . . . . . . 4,577 256 5.6 282 6.2 4,600 264 5.7 307 6.7

Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,767 1,993 6.5 2,223 7.2 30,700 1,879 6.1 2,155 7.0

Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,694 455 3.3 538 3.9 13,371 374 2.8 467 3.5

Office and administrative support occupations. . . 17,073 1,538 9.0 1,685 9.9 17,329 1,505 8.7 1,688 9.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,319 1,865 15.1 1,978 16.1 12,427 1,854 14.9 1,991 16.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . 1,024 24 2.4 31 3.0 1,060 22 2.1 36 3.4

Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . 6,776 1,158 17.1 1,217 18.0 6,859 1,192 17.4 1,269 18.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,518 682 15.1 730 16.2 4,508 640 14.2 686 15.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,435 2,315 13.3 2,497 14.3 17,567 2,269 12.9 2,487 14.2

Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,272 985 11.9 1,062 12.8 8,304 976 11.8 1,067 12.8

Transportation and material moving

occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,163 1,330 14.5 1,435 15.7 9,263 1,294 14.0 1,420 15.3

INDUSTRY

Private sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,968 7,578 6.4 8,512 7.2 120,714 7,508 6.2 8,562 7.1

Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,344 29 2.2 35 2.6 1,352 23 1.7 38 2.8

Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,624 7,548 6.4 8,477 7.2 119,362 7,485 6.3 8,524 7.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . 721 34 4.7 38 5.3 710 28 4.0 33 4.7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,169 1,048 12.8 1,125 13.8 8,352 1,055 12.6 1,133 13.6

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,861 1,340 9.0 1,444 9.7 15,070 1,291 8.6 1,423 9.4

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,401 850 9.0 917 9.8 9,502 835 8.8 912 9.6

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,460 490 9.0 527 9.6 5,568 455 8.2 510 9.2

Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,736 805 4.3 928 5.0 18,113 741 4.1 863 4.8

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,351 137 4.1 158 4.7 3,186 143 4.5 160 5.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,385 669 4.3 769 5.0 14,927 598 4.0 704 4.7

Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,467 1,116 17.3 1,185 18.3 6,745 1,166 17.3 1,259 18.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,410 904 16.7 968 17.9 5,659 912 16.1 997 17.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,057 212 20.1 217 20.5 1,086 254 23.4 261 24.0

Information3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,536 244 9.6 260 10.3 2,352 242 10.3 263 11.2

See footnotes at end of table.

1
HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES

42. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation and industry

2018 2019

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

employed

Members

of

unions1

Represented

by unions2

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Total

Percent

of

employed

Publishing, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 17 3.9 18 4.2 355 12 3.3 13 3.8

Motion pictures and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 49 12.5 50 12.6 386 53 13.6 57 14.7

Radio and television broadcasting and

cable subscription programming. . . . . . . . . . . 526 41 7.7 45 8.6 482 53 11.0 57 11.9

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851 131 15.4 138 16.2 821 115 14.1 125 15.3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,148 192 2.1 253 2.8 9,364 182 1.9 237 2.5

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,770 99 1.5 137 2.0 6,982 87 1.2 125 1.8

Finance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,244 55 1.3 81 1.9 4,390 49 1.1 74 1.7

Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,526 43 1.7 56 2.2 2,592 37 1.4 51 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . 2,379 94 3.9 115 4.8 2,382 95 4.0 112 4.7

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . 15,228 390 2.6 481 3.2 15,720 339 2.2 471 3.0

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . 9,718 148 1.5 203 2.1 10,280 143 1.4 227 2.2

Management, administrative, and waste

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,510 242 4.4 278 5.0 5,440 197 3.6 244 4.5

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,982 1,853 8.1 2,144 9.3 23,690 1,885 8.0 2,182 9.2

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,828 632 13.1 748 15.5 4,922 608 12.3 693 14.1

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . 18,154 1,221 6.7 1,396 7.7 18,768 1,278 6.8 1,489 7.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,582 367 2.9 436 3.5 13,097 384 2.9 457 3.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . 2,390 136 5.7 159 6.6 2,498 164 6.6 184 7.4

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . 10,193 231 2.3 277 2.7 10,599 220 2.1 274 2.6

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,369 113 8.3 127 9.3 1,427 93 6.5 100 7.0

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . 8,823 118 1.3 150 1.7 9,172 128 1.4 173 1.9

Other services3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,192 159 2.6 184 3.0 6,150 172 2.8 202 3.3

Other services, except private households.. . 5,431 155 2.9 179 3.3 5,327 163 3.1 193 3.6

Public sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,131 7,167 33.9 7,868 37.2 21,023 7,066 33.6 7,821 37.2

Federal government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,707 977 26.4 1,128 30.4 3,798 974 25.6 1,158 30.5

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,109 2,035 28.6 2,259 31.8 6,958 2,043 29.4 2,249 32.3

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,315 4,155 40.3 4,481 43.4 10,267 4,050 39.4 4,414 43.0

1 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

2 Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

3

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated

businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2