HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES

45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage

by occupation and industry

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation and industry

2013

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Below

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

At

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below prevailing

Federal minimum

wage

Number

Percent of

hourly-paid

workers

Total wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,948 1,768 1,532 3,301 4.3

OCCUPATION

Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,104 54 103 158 1.0

Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,649 22 16 38 0.8

Management occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,660 19 10 29 1.1

Business and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,989 3 6 9 0.5

Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,455 32 87 120 1.0

Computer and mathematical occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952 2 5 7 0.7

Architecture and engineering occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837 0 4 4 0.5

Life, physical, and social science occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 0 2 2 0.6

Community and social service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832 6 11 17 2.1

Legal occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 3 1 4 1.1

Education, training, and library occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,442 5 38 43 1.8

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839 5 8 14 1.6

Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,773 10 18 28 0.6

Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,613 1,364 735 2,099 11.3

Healthcare support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,888 47 40 86 3.0

Protective service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,937 33 28 61 3.1

Food preparation and serving related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,107 1,112 428 1,540 21.7

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,801 69 114 184 4.8

Personal care and service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,880 103 125 228 7.9

Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,934 174 501 674 3.4

Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,844 117 360 478 6.1

Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,089 56 140 197 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,452 47 46 94 1.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 19 16 35 5.4

Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,486 20 18 38 0.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,322 9 12 21 0.6

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,846 129 147 276 2.1

Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,646 57 48 105 1.6

Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,200 72 99 171 2.8

INDUSTRY

Private sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,622 1,705 1,440 3,144 4.7

Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742 17 14 32 4.3

Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,880 1,687 1,426 3,113 4.7

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592 3 2 5 0.9

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,474 19 18 37 0.8

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,889 43 51 94 1.1

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,461 26 24 50 0.9

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,427 17 27 44 1.3

Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,446 137 350 487 3.9

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,637 11 8 19 1.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,809 125 343 468 4.3

Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,310 19 17 37 1.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,812 19 16 35 1.3

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 1 1 2 0.3

Information1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,140 10 22 31 2.8

Publishing, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 2 2 4 1.9

Motion pictures and sound recording industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 4 13 17 10.3

Radio and television broadcasting and cable subscription programming. . . 255 3 1 4 1.4

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 1 3 4 1.0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,362 15 14 29 0.9

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,368 12 4 16 0.7

Finance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,496 7 3 10 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.

1
HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES

45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage

by occupation and industry — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation and industry

2013

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Below

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

At

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below prevailing

Federal minimum

wage

Number

Percent of

hourly-paid

workers

Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872 4 1 5 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994 4 10 13 1.3

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,161 52 77 128 2.1

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,566 9 12 20 0.8

Management, administrative, and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,595 43 65 108 3.0

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,803 116 162 278 2.2

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,519 17 36 53 3.5

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,284 99 126 226 2.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,546 1,194 620 1,814 19.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,509 69 61 131 8.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,037 1,125 558 1,683 20.9

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,016 45 27 73 7.1

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,021 1,079 531 1,611 22.9

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,157 79 93 172 5.4

Other services, except private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,658 62 66 128 4.8

Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 17 26 44 8.7

Public sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,326 64 93 156 1.7

Federal government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,749 7 6 13 0.7

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,627 17 38 55 2.1

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,950 40 48 88 1.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $7.25 per hour in 2013. Data are for wage and salary workers; all self-employed workers are excluded, both those with

incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. The data refer to a person’s earnings on the sole or principal job, and pertain only to workers who are

paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other non-hourly workers are not included. Hourly earnings for hourly-paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or

tips received. The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are

exceptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law. In addition, some survey respondents may have rounded hourly earnings to the nearest dollar and, as a result,

reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage even though they earned the minimum wage or higher. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.

2