ILLINOIS OFFICIAL REPORTS

Appellate Court

People v. Richardson, 2011 IL App (4th) 100358

Appellate Court

Caption

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v.

RONALD RICHARDSON, Defendant-Appellant.

 District & No. Fourth District

Docket No. 4-10-0358

Filed November 29, 2011

Held

(Note: This syllabus

constitutes no part of

the opinion of the court

but has been prepared

by the Reporter of

Decisions for the

convenience of the

reader.)

In a prosecution for first degree murder where defendant elected to

proceed pro se and he was convicted following a jury trial, his conviction

was affirmed, despite his contention that the trial court should have

sua sponte instructed the jury on second degree murder, since the trial

court admonished defendant about his duties in deciding to represent

himself, including his dutywith regard to instructions, and in his case, the

decision as to whether he should request an instruction on second degree

murder rested solely with him.

Decision Under 

Review

Appeal from the Circuit Court of Morgan County, No. 09–CF–19 ; the

Hon. Richard T. Mitchell, Judge, presiding.

Judgment Affirmed.
Counsel on

Appeal

Michael J. Pelletier, Karen Munoz, and Gary R. Peterson, all of State

Appellate Defender’s Office, of Springfield, for appellant.

Chris Reif, State’s Attorney, of Jacksonville (Patrick Delfino, Robert J.

Biderman, and Luke McNeill, all of State’s Attorneys Appellate

Prosecutor’s Office, of counsel), for the People.

Panel PRESIDING JUSTICE KNECHT delivered the judgment of the court,

with opinion. 

Justices McCullough and Cook concurred in the judgment and opinion.

OPINION

¶ 1 In March 2010, a jury convicted defendant, Ronald Richardson, of first degree murder

(720 ILCS 5/9-1(a)(1), (a)(2) (West 2008)). In May 2010, the trial court sentenced defendant

to 40 years’ imprisonment. Defendant appeals, arguing he was entitled to have the jury

instructed on the lesser offense of second degree murder. We affirm.

¶ 2 I. BACKGROUND

¶ 3 In February 2009, the State charged defendant with three counts of first degree murder

(720 ILCS 5/9-1(a)(1), (a)(2) (West 2008)). Each count related to a single crime but charged

defendant under a different theory of first degree murder. Defendant pleaded not guilty and

requested a jury trial. Before the case reached trial, defendant requested permission to

proceed pro se. The trial court advised defendant of the difficulties in representing himself

pro se and engaged in the following discourse with him:

“THE COURT: Okay. And you understand that by going to trial without counsel that

you are expected to follow the same rules of procedure as [your former counsel] would

if he were involved in representing you? You understand that?

DEFENDANT: I understand sir.

THE COURT: *** There’s also instructions which are the law of the case. You

understand what that is?

DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.

THE COURT: And of course, again, you would be expected to represent yourself in

anyinstruction conferences and anywhere throughout, throughout the whole trial, just the

same as if you had counsel. Do you understand that?

DEFENDANT: I understand, sir.”

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After advising defendant of his responsibilities and giving him time to weigh his options, the

court allowed defendant to proceed pro se. In March 2010, the case proceeded to trial. The

evidence introduced to the jury showed the following.

¶ 4 Police discovered the victim’s body in the walkway of an apartment building adjacent

to defendant’s apartment building. Defendant was seen in the area acting strangely the night

before police found the body. While investigating the murder, police officers went to

defendant’s apartment. Defendant’s wife gave the officers permission to search the

apartment. The police recovered the boots and overalls defendant had been wearing the

previous evening. Defendant’s wife also informed them a large knife was missing from the

kitchen. The knife was later found on the roof of a neighboring apartment building. The

knife, boots, and overalls all had the victim’s blood on them.

¶ 5 Officers asked defendant to accompany them to the police station to be interviewed, and

he agreed. The interview was recorded. During the interview, defendant asked to speak to

his wife, and officers granted his request, though they advised defendant they were going to

tape the conversation. While speaking to his wife, defendant admitted stabbing the victim,

but claimed it was in self-defense during a drug deal gone bad. He told his wife he stabbed

the victim with the knife from their kitchen and threw it on the roof of a nearby building.

Officers arrested defendant and charged him with first degree murder.

¶ 6 A few days later, defendant asked to speak with an officer. This second interview was

also recorded. At first, defendant denied any involvement in the murder and claimed he was

only a witness. Eventually defendant admitted stabbing the victim, but he insisted it was

done in self-defense during a dispute over drug money. Laterin the day, defendant made two

phone calls. Defendant’s phone calls were recorded. During the first phone call, defendant

admitted stabbing the victim in self-defense but explained it “was a drug addict selfdefense.” Defendant went on to state he was high and not thinking clearly when he stabbed

the victim. Defendant then called his mother and admitted stabbing the victim but claimed

he had done so in self-defense while high on drugs.

¶ 7 At trial, the State, inter alia, introduced defendant’s recorded statements to police and

recordings of his telephone conversations into evidence. Defendant’s wife also testified to

what defendant told her about the events of the night in question. In addition, a friend of the

victim who had sold drugs to defendant on previous occasions testified the victim left with

defendant around 1:30 a.m. and never came back. Defendant did not testify.

¶ 8 Following closing arguments, the juryconvicted defendant of first degreemurder. In May

2010, the trial court sentenced defendant to 40 years’ imprisonment. Defendant did not file

a posttrial motion. This appeal followed.

¶ 9 II. ANALYSIS

¶ 10 On appeal, defendant argues the trial court committed plain error when it failed to

instruct the jury on the lesser offense of second degree murder sua sponte or, in the

alternative, when it failed to inform defendant of his right to request an instruction on second

degree murder. Specifically, defendant argues the failure to introduce a jury instruction on

second degree murder amounted to grave error and rendered the proceedings fundamentally

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unfair.

¶ 11 Generally, any error relating to jury instructions is forfeited if the defendant does not

object or proffer alternative instructions at trial, and issues not raised in a posttrial motion

will not be considered on appeal. People v. Reddick, 123 Ill. 2d 184, 198, 526 N.E.2d 141,

147 (1988). “However, if the interests of justice require, substantial defects in jury

instructions in criminal cases may be considered, even though the defendant has failed to

make timely objections.” Id. This rule applies to correct grave errors or errors in cases so

closely balanced fundamental fairness requires the jury be instructed properly. Id. This court

has previously found a failure to give instructions on the elements of a crime constitutes

grave error because “ ‘the jury was not apprised of the People’s burden of proof.’ ” People

v. Killen, 217 Ill. App. 3d 473, 478, 577 N.E.2d 560, 563 (1991) (quoting Reddick, 123 Ill.

2d at 198, 526 N.E.2d at 147). Absent plain error, a court generally has no duty to introduce

an instruction not requested by counsel. People v. Springs, 51 Ill. 2d 418, 425, 283 N.E.2d

225, 228-29 (1972).

¶ 12 The decision whether to instruct the jury on a lesser offense rests with the defendant and

is one of trial strategy. People v. Brocksmith, 162 Ill. 2d 224, 229, 642 N.E.2d 1230, 1232-33

(1994). Depending on the particular circumstances of each individual case, the defendant

may decide to go with an all-or-nothing approach and not tender the second degree murder

instruction, leaving the jury with the option to convict the defendant of first degree murder

or acquit. See People v. Griffith, 158 Ill. 2d 476, 491-94, 634 N.E.2d 1069, 1076-78 (1994),

cert. denied, 513 U.S. 952 (1994). Finally, where a defendant elects to proceed pro se, he is

responsible for his representation and is held to the same standards as any attorney. People

v. Allen, 401 Ill. App. 3d 840, 854, 929 N.E.2d 583, 595 (2010) (“Defendant was

admonished about the consequences of proceeding pro se and that he would be required to

perform as an attorney would and the court could not provide any legal assistance to him.”).

¶ 13 Defendant argues the trial court’s failure to offer the second degree murder jury

instruction or to inform him of his responsibility to request it amounted to grave error which

rendered the proceedings fundamentally unfair. We disagree. Defendant elected to represent

himself, despite admonitions by the court regarding the difficulties of doing so. Further, the

court expresslyadvised defendant of his duties regarding the juryinstruction conference. The

decision whether to request a second degree murder jury instruction rested solely with

defendant. The court had no duty to introduce the jury instruction sua sponte or inform

defendant of the possibility of introducing the jury instruction. Defendant had the

responsibility, as his own counsel, to raise the issue with the court. We conclude no error

occurred, and we need not examine defendant’s claim under either prong of plain-error

analysis.

¶ 14 Defendant argues his case is analogous to People v. Brocksmith, 162 Ill. 2d 224, 642

N.E.2d 1230 (1994), and People v. DuPree, 397 Ill. App. 3d 719, 922 N.E.2d 503 (2010).

We conclude Brocksmith and DuPree are distinguishable. The courts in both Brocksmith,

162 Ill. 2d at 229-30, 642 N.E.2d at 1232-33, and DuPree, 397 Ill. App. 3d at 737, 922

N.E.2d at 518, focused on whether defense counsel usurped the defendant’s right to decide

whetherto introduce an instruction on a lesser offense. The present case does not involve this

issue. Defendant represented himself at trial and could not have usurped the decision

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regarding a second degree murder jury instruction.

¶ 15 III. CONCLUSION

¶ 16 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court’s judgment. As part of our judgment

we award the State its $50 statutory assessment against defendant as costs of this appeal.

¶ 17 Affirmed.

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