HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES ANNUAL AVERAGES

45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below prevailing Federal minimum wage by

occupation and industry

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation and industry

2008

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Below

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

At

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below

prevailing Federal

minimum

wage

Number

Percent of

hourly-paid

workers

OCCUPATION

Management, professional, and related occupations ......................................... 14,774 89 25 114 .8

 Management, business, and financial operations

 occupations ................................................................................................. 4,118 28 2 30 .7

 Management occupations .......................................................................... 2,348 14 1 15 .7

 Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... 1,769 14 1 15 .8

 Professional and related occupations ............................................................. 10,656 61 23 84 .8

 Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. 849 3 - 3 .4

 Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. 916 2 - 2 .3

 Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... 338 1 1 2 .6

 Community and social services occupations .............................................. 725 4 - 4 .6

 Legal occupations ....................................................................................... 319 2 - 2 .5

 Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... 2,279 25 17 42 1.8

 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

 occupations ............................................................................................. 832 9 2 11 1.3

 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... 4,397 14 3 17 .4

Service occupations ........................................................................................... 17,261 1,398 143 1,541 8.9

 Healthcare support occupations ..................................................................... 2,564 54 3 56 2.2

 Protective service occupations ....................................................................... 1,895 41 5 46 2.4

 Food preparation and serving related occupations ........................................ 6,649 1,087 83 1,170 17.6

 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

 occupations ............................................................................................... 3,627 87 19 106 2.9

 Personal care and service occupations .......................................................... 2,526 128 34 162 6.4

Sales and office occupations .............................................................................. 20,563 272 91 363 1.8

 Sales and related occupations ....................................................................... 7,713 166 58 225 2.9

 Office and administrative support occupations ............................................... 12,850 106 32 138 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 occupations ..................................................................................................... 9,434 46 6 52 .5

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ..................................................... 636 13 - 13 2.0

 Construction and extraction occupations ........................................................ 5,388 24 5 29 .5

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......................................... 3,410 10 - 10 .3

Production, transportation, and material moving

 occupations ..................................................................................................... 13,273 135 22 157 1.2

 Production occupations .................................................................................. 7,191 37 7 44 .6

 Transportation and material moving occupations ........................................... 6,082 98 15 113 1.9

See footnotes at end of table.

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HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES ANNUAL AVERAGES

45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below prevailing Federal minimum wage by

occupation and industry—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation and industry

2008

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Below

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

At

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below

prevailing Federal

minimum

wage

Number

Percent of

hourly-paid

workers

INDUSTRY

Private sector ...................................................................................................... 65,758 1,832 261 2,093 3.2

Agriculture and related industries ....................................................................... 692 12 - 13 1.9

Nonagriculture and related industries ................................................................. 65,066 1,820 260 2,080 3.2

 Mining .............................................................................................................. 471 1 - 1 .2

 Construction .................................................................................................... 5,392 24 5 30 .5

 Manufacturing .................................................................................................. 9,557 55 7 61 .6

 Durable goods ............................................................................................ 6,034 44 2 46 .8

 Nondurable goods ...................................................................................... 3,523 11 4 16 .4

 Wholesale and retail trade ............................................................................... 12,437 207 64 271 2.2

 Wholesale trade ........................................................................................... 1,752 10 2 12 .7

 Retail trade .................................................................................................. 10,685 197 63 260 2.4

 Transportation and utilities .............................................................................. 3,193 31 6 37 1.2

 Transportation and warehousing ................................................................. 2,644 29 6 35 1.3

 Utilities ......................................................................................................... 550 2 - 2 .4

 Information 1 .................................................................................................... 1,475 19 2 21 1.4

 Publishing, except internet ....................................................................... 291 4 1 5 1.6

 Motion pictures and sound recording ....................................................... 190 11 1 12 6.4

 Broadcasting, except internet ................................................................... 282 4 - 4 1.3

 Internet publishing and broadcasting ........................................................ 4 - - - -

 Telecommunications ................................................................................. 614 - - - .1

 Internet service providers and data processing

 services .................................................................................................. 56 - - - -

 Other information services ........................................................................ 37 1 - 1 1.6

 Financial activities ........................................................................................... 3,338 25 8 33 1.0

 Finance and insurance ................................................................................ 2,366 16 3 19 .8

 Finance ................................................................................................... 1,579 7 3 10 .6

 Insurance ................................................................................................ 787 9 - 9 1.2

 Real estate and rental and leasing .............................................................. 972 10 4 14 1.4

 Professional and business services ................................................................ 5,688 48 8 55 1.0

 Professional and technical services ............................................................ 2,473 9 1 10 .4

 Management, administrative, and waste services ....................................... 3,215 39 7 45 1.4

 Education and health services ......................................................................... 11,895 165 38 203 1.7

 Educational services .................................................................................... 1,390 29 9 38 2.8

 Health care and social assistance ............................................................... 10,505 135 29 165 1.6

 Leisure and hospitality ..................................................................................... 8,642 1,146 101 1,247 14.4

 Arts, entertainment, and recreation ............................................................. 1,387 61 9 71 5.1

 Accommodation and food services .............................................................. 7,254 1,084 92 1,176 16.2

 Accommodation ....................................................................................... 1,041 42 4 46 4.4

 Food services and drinking places .......................................................... 6,214 1,042 88 1,130 18.2

 Other services 1 .............................................................................................. 2,978 98 21 120 4.0

 Other services, except private households .................................................. 2,434 67 17 84 3.4

 Other services, private households ............................................................. 544 32 5 36 6.6

Public sector ....................................................................................................... 9,547 108 25 133 1.4

 Federal government ......................................................................................... 1,844 15 1 16 .9

 State government ............................................................................................. 2,490 35 12 47 1.9

 Local government ............................................................................................. 5,213 58 12 71 1.4

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $5.85 per hour

from January 2008 to July 23, 2008. Beginning July 24, 2008, the

prevailing Federal minimum wage increased to $6.55 per hour. Data

are for wage and salary workers. All self-employed persons are

excluded regardless of whether or not their businesses are

incorporated. The data refer to a person’s earnings on the sole or

principal job, and pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. 

Salaried workers and other nonhourly workers are not included. The

presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage

does not necessarily indicate violation of the Fair Labor Standards

Act, as there are exceptions to the minimum wage provisions of the

law. In addition, some survey respondents reported hourly earnings

below the minimum wage even though they earned the minimum

wage or higher. Updated population controls are introduced annually

with the release of January data. Dash indicates no data or data that

do not meet publication criteria. 

267