Table 1904. Occupation of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2019 

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Wage and salary earners 

Item Aggregate 

Selfemployed 

workers 

Total 

wage and 

salary 

earners 

Managers 

and

professionals 

Technical, 

sales and 

clerical 

workers 

Service 

workers 

Construction 

workers and 

mechanics 

Operators, 

fabricators 

and

laborers 

Retired 

All other, 

including 

not

reporting 

Number of consumer units (in thousands) ...................... 132,242 8,326 80,630 33,153 20,641 15,896 4,024 6,915 27,917 15,370 

Percent distribution of consumer units ............................ 100.0 6.3 61.0 25.1 15.6 12.0 3.0 5.2 21.1 11.6 

Consumer unit characteristics (mean values): 

 Income before taxes ..................................................... $82,852 $134,345 $98,796 $137,660 $75,394 $65,516 $76,247 $71,950 $42,252 $45,060 

 Income after taxes ........................................................ 71,487 110,448 84,254 112,402 67,267 59,681 68,234 65,820 39,591 41,344 

 Age of reference person ............................................... 51.6 50.8 44.3 45.2 42.9 44.7 41.6 45.6 74.3 48.5 

 Average number in consumer unit: 

 People ....................................................................... 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.9 1.7 2.7 

 Children under 18 ...................................................... .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .8 .8 .1 .8 

 Adults 65 and older ................................................... .4 .3 .2 .1 .2 .2 .1 .2 1.3 .2 

 Earners ...................................................................... 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 .2 .6 

 Vehicles ..................................................................... 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.2 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.3 1.7 1.5 

Percent distribution: 

 Reference person: 

 Men ............................................................................ 48 58 52 50 45 47 92 77 43 31 

 Women ...................................................................... 52 42 48 50 55 53 8 23 57 69 

 Housing tenure: 

 Homeowner ............................................................... 64 71 61 70 54 50 57 63 80 46 

 With mortgage ........................................................ 37 43 44 54 39 32 36 42 23 25 

 Without mortgage ................................................... 27 28 17 16 15 17 21 21 57 22 

 Renter ........................................................................ 36 29 39 30 46 50 43 37 20 54 

 Race of reference person: 

 Black or African-American ......................................... 13 8 14 10 16 21 8 16 10 17 

 White, Asian, and all other races .............................. 87 92 86 90 84 79 92 84 90 83 

 Hispanic or Latino origin of reference person: 

 Hispanic or Latino ...................................................... 14 14 15 9 14 22 27 26 7 18 

 Not Hispanic or Latino ............................................... 86 86 85 91 86 78 73 74 93 82 

 Education of reference person: 

 Elementary (1-8)........................................................ 3 4 2 ( 1 ) 1 4 8 5 3 6 

 High school (9-12) ..................................................... 30 23 24 9 28 37 46 47 39 45 

 College ...................................................................... 67 73 73 91 71 59 46 47 58 49 

 Never attended and other ......................................... ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) 1 

 At least one vehicle owned or leased ........................... 89 92 92 95 91 87 93 93 87 75 

Annual aggregate expenditures ....................................... $8,333,301 8.7 66.8 34.3 14.9 10.1 3.0 4.5 15.7 8.8 

 Food .............................................................................. 1,078,750 8.9 64.7 30.0 15.7 10.6 4.1 4.4 16.2 10.2 

 Food at home ............................................................ 613,097 8.0 62.9 27.8 15.3 10.9 4.3 4.6 17.8 11.4 

 Cereals and bakery products ................................. 76,992 7.8 61.9 27.2 14.9 11.0 4.1 4.7 18.3 12.0 

 Cereals and cereal products ............................... 24,233 7.9 64.2 27.7 15.6 12.2 4.3 4.4 15.7 12.1 

 Bakery products .................................................. 52,759 7.8 60.8 26.9 14.6 10.5 4.0 4.9 19.5 11.9 

 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................ 129,460 8.6 61.8 25.5 15.4 11.3 4.5 5.1 17.9 11.6 

 Beef ..................................................................... 35,694 11.6 59.1 23.1 15.8 10.6 4.6 5.1 17.8 11.5 

 Pork ..................................................................... 24,650 8.1 59.9 23.6 14.3 11.3 4.5 6.1 18.8 13.2 

 Other meats ........................................................ 17,044 6.9 63.1 25.6 15.4 12.2 4.8 5.2 18.0 11.9 

 Poultry ................................................................. 24,966 7.0 66.0 29.0 16.6 10.8 4.9 4.6 15.3 11.7 

 Fish and seafood ................................................ 19,390 7.7 62.7 27.7 14.4 12.0 3.9 4.7 20.3 9.3 

 Eggs .................................................................... 7,716 7.8 61.5 26.2 15.1 11.8 4.1 4.4 18.2 12.4 

 Dairy products ........................................................ 60,061 7.6 61.9 28.6 15.2 9.9 4.0 4.2 18.6 12.0 

 Fresh milk and cream ......................................... 18,536 7.4 61.9 26.9 15.4 10.6 4.4 4.6 18.1 12.6 

 Other dairy products ........................................... 41,526 7.6 61.9 29.3 15.1 9.6 3.8 4.0 18.8 11.7 

 Fruits and vegetables ............................................. 115,700 8.4 62.7 27.9 15.3 10.8 4.3 4.3 17.9 11.0 

 Fresh fruits .......................................................... 42,493 8.9 62.6 28.8 14.8 10.6 4.0 4.3 18.0 10.6 

 Fresh vegetables ................................................ 39,015 8.3 63.4 28.4 15.4 10.7 4.5 4.4 18.0 10.3 

 Processed fruits .................................................. 14,824 8.0 61.7 27.0 15.4 11.1 4.1 4.2 18.3 12.0 

 Processed vegetables......................................... 19,367 7.7 62.1 25.9 16.0 11.4 4.6 4.2 17.4 12.8 

 Other food at home ................................................ 230,883 7.5 64.3 29.1 15.5 10.9 4.3 4.4 17.1 11.1 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Table 1904. Occupation of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2019 —

Continued 

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Wage and salary earners 

Item Aggregate 

Selfemployed 

workers 

Total 

wage and 

salary 

earners 

Managers 

and

professionals 

Technical, 

sales and 

clerical 

workers 

Service 

workers 

Construction 

workers and 

mechanics 

Operators, 

fabricators 

and

laborers 

Retired 

All other, 

including 

not

reporting 

 Sugar and other sweets ...................................... 21,794 6.3 63.0 29.3 15.4 10.1 4.0 4.2 19.6 11.1 

 Fats and oils ........................................................ 15,153 7.5 64.1 27.9 15.1 11.6 4.8 4.7 18.2 10.2 

 Miscellaneous foods ........................................... 125,665 7.5 64.9 30.0 15.9 10.6 4.1 4.2 16.7 10.9 

 Nonalcoholic beverages ..................................... 60,075 7.6 63.6 26.5 15.4 11.4 5.2 5.1 16.7 12.1 

 Food prepared by consumer unit on 

 out-of-town trips ............................................... 8,196 10.4 63.3 34.4 12.0 11.2 2.0 3.7 18.8 7.5 

 Food away from home ............................................... 465,653 10.1 67.1 32.9 16.2 10.1 3.8 4.1 14.1 8.7 

 Alcoholic beverages ..................................................... 76,493 10.0 67.9 37.0 15.0 8.5 3.9 3.5 16.9 5.2 

 Housing ......................................................................... 2,734,285 8.0 65.8 33.1 14.7 10.8 2.8 4.4 16.9 9.3 

 Shelter ....................................................................... 1,612,057 8.0 66.9 34.0 15.0 11.0 2.7 4.2 15.8 9.3 

 Owned dwellings .................................................... 898,894 8.5 66.4 37.5 13.1 9.0 2.5 4.4 18.0 7.2 

 Mortgage interest and charges ........................... 364,926 8.5 74.1 41.7 15.2 9.7 2.7 4.8 9.8 7.5 

 Property taxes ..................................................... 285,524 9.6 61.7 35.7 11.5 8.5 2.2 3.8 22.1 6.7 

 Maintenance, repairs, insurance, other 

 expenses .......................................................... 248,444 7.1 60.3 33.2 11.8 8.5 2.4 4.4 25.2 7.3 

 Rented dwellings .................................................... 586,042 6.2 68.8 27.4 18.9 14.8 3.3 4.4 12.0 12.9 

 Other lodging .......................................................... 127,121 12.2 62.0 39.6 11.1 7.9 1.2 2.3 18.3 7.4 

 Utilities, fuels, and public services ............................ 536,253 7.6 62.5 28.2 14.7 11.4 2.9 5.4 19.6 10.3 

 Natural gas ............................................................. 55,020 8.3 60.5 28.8 13.9 10.4 2.6 4.9 21.8 9.4 

 Electricity ................................................................ 194,628 7.5 60.9 26.7 14.3 11.7 2.9 5.2 20.2 11.5 

 Fuel oil and other fuels ........................................... 14,954 9.7 52.3 27.0 10.3 7.6 2.9 4.6 30.4 7.6 

 Telephone services ................................................ 186,323 7.2 66.6 29.7 16.0 12.0 3.1 5.7 16.4 9.7 

 Residential phone service, VOIP, and phone 

 cards ................................................................ 25,241 7.3 44.2 19.7 11.2 7.9 2.0 3.5 38.8 9.7 

 Cellular phone service ........................................ 161,082 7.2 70.2 31.3 16.8 12.6 3.3 6.1 12.9 9.8 

 Water and other public services............................. 85,327 7.7 60.4 28.3 13.8 10.4 2.6 5.3 22.0 9.9 

 Household operations ............................................... 207,591 8.1 66.8 39.2 13.1 8.7 2.6 3.3 18.8 6.3 

 Personal services ................................................... 64,603 6.0 79.9 53.3 13.0 8.1 3.1 2.4 11.2 2.9 

 Other household expenses .................................... 142,988 9.0 60.9 32.8 13.1 9.0 2.3 3.6 22.3 7.9 

 Housekeeping supplies ............................................. 101,081 9.3 59.1 28.5 14.3 9.6 3.3 3.4 20.6 11.0 

 Laundry and cleaning supplies .............................. 24,466 7.8 62.3 28.1 14.8 11.2 3.9 4.3 18.5 11.3 

 Other household products ...................................... 60,451 10.4 58.9 29.3 13.7 9.2 3.5 3.1 21.0 9.7 

 Postage and stationery .......................................... 16,164 7.5 54.9 26.1 15.7 8.6 1.9 2.7 22.4 15.2 

 Household furnishings and equipment ...................... 277,303 8.5 66.9 34.2 13.9 10.4 3.2 5.2 15.2 9.3 

 Household textiles .................................................. 17,309 8.0 65.5 33.6 14.2 12.0 3.2 2.4 15.5 11.0 

 Furniture ................................................................. 68,897 7.7 70.2 36.0 13.1 12.1 3.6 5.4 13.3 8.8 

 Floor coverings ....................................................... 3,315 10.9 62.3 35.1 9.5 12.1 21.4 4.1 18.1 8.7 

 Major appliances .................................................... 42,534 9.0 64.6 30.6 14.6 11.2 3.9 4.3 17.2 9.1 

 Small appliances, miscellaneous housewares ...... 15,681 6.6 68.1 33.4 18.1 7.5 4.3 4.8 15.3 10.0 

 Miscellaneous household equipment ..................... 129,567 8.9 66.1 34.6 13.7 9.4 2.6 5.9 15.5 9.4 

 Apparel and services .................................................... 248,692 9.0 66.3 32.3 16.5 10.2 3.2 4.1 14.5 10.3 

 Men and boys ............................................................ 59,093 8.3 68.6 31.9 16.4 11.9 3.5 4.8 13.1 10.1 

 Men, 16 and over ................................................... 45,894 8.4 67.0 31.5 16.6 11.3 3.2 4.4 15.0 9.6 

 Boys, 2 to 15 .......................................................... 13,199 7.6 74.2 33.4 15.8 14.0 4.6 6.4 6.3 11.9 

 Women and girls ....................................................... 92,986 8.5 63.4 32.8 16.2 8.6 2.7 3.1 18.0 10.1 

 Women, 16 and over .............................................. 79,473 8.5 62.8 32.5 16.6 8.4 2.4 2.8 19.6 9.0 

 Girls, 2 to 15 ........................................................... 13,513 8.1 66.7 34.9 13.4 9.2 4.6 4.7 8.3 16.9 

 Children under 2 ........................................................ 9,966 24.0 73.4 31.2 20.1 14.6 24.5 22.9 10.4 12.3 

 Footwear .................................................................... 55,289 10.1 66.5 32.1 14.8 10.8 4.0 4.7 12.0 11.4 

 Other apparel products and services ........................ 31,357 11.3 67.8 31.9 19.4 9.5 2.0 5.0 12.8 8.2 

 Transportation............................................................... 1,420,566 7.1 70.2 34.4 16.4 10.9 3.1 5.5 14.2 8.5 

 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .................................. 581,033 5.6 72.7 37.0 16.7 10.3 3.0 5.7 13.4 8.4 

 Cars and trucks, new ............................................. 259,160 4.0 71.9 38.8 13.9 11.1 23.2 4.8 17.3 6.8 

 Cars and trucks, used ............................................ 314,094 7.0 73.3 35.6 18.9 9.7 2.8 6.4 10.0 9.7 

 Other vehicles ........................................................ 7,779 23.0 72.4 33.3 22.8 29.5 24.5 22.3 219.3 25.2 

 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil .......................... 276,931 7.5 69.3 29.8 16.6 12.3 4.0 6.5 13.7 9.5 

 Other vehicle expenses ............................................. 459,390 7.8 68.7 32.6 16.5 11.1 3.1 5.4 15.1 8.3 

 Vehicle finance charges ......................................... 33,277 7.1 76.1 33.8 19.0 12.5 4.2 6.6 10.7 6.2 

 Maintenance and repairs ....................................... 117,224 7.7 66.8 31.4 16.6 10.3 3.0 5.6 16.6 8.9 

 Vehicle rental, leases, licenses, and other 

 charges ............................................................... 104,536 9.5 69.4 38.3 14.8 9.5 2.5 4.3 14.4 6.7 

 Vehicle insurance ................................................... 204,352 7.1 68.4 30.2 17.0 12.3 3.2 5.7 15.4 9.1 

 Public and other transportation ................................. 103,212 10.4 65.2 39.4 13.2 9.4 1.0 2.2 16.8 7.6 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Table 1904. Occupation of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2019 —

Continued 

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Wage and salary earners 

Item Aggregate 

Selfemployed 

workers 

Total 

wage and 

salary 

earners 

Managers 

and

professionals 

Technical, 

sales and 

clerical 

workers 

Service 

workers 

Construction 

workers and 

mechanics 

Operators, 

fabricators 

and

laborers 

Retired 

All other, 

including 

not

reporting 

 Healthcare .................................................................... 686,691 8.3 56.3 29.4 12.6 8.3 2.1 3.9 27.1 8.3 

 Health insurance ....................................................... 466,729 8.3 56.3 28.3 13.1 8.6 2.2 4.2 27.8 7.6 

 Medical services ........................................................ 130,142 9.0 59.8 34.9 11.4 8.3 2.1 3.1 21.8 9.4 

 Drugs ......................................................................... 64,211 7.6 50.4 26.4 11.5 7.1 2.2 3.1 30.4 11.6 

 Medical supplies ........................................................ 25,610 7.3 52.4 29.1 11.8 6.5 1.5 3.5 32.2 8.2 

 Entertainment ............................................................... 408,392 10.1 65.5 36.5 14.1 8.5 2.8 3.6 15.5 8.9 

 Fees and admissions ................................................ 116,302 8.8 75.6 53.7 12.1 6.0 1.3 2.6 10.1 5.5 

 Audio and visual equipment and services ................. 132,230 7.5 62.4 29.5 14.8 10.2 3.2 4.7 20.9 9.2 

 Pets, toys, hobbies, and playground equipment ....... 108,457 9.7 63.2 30.5 15.9 8.9 3.9 4.0 16.3 10.8 

 Pets ........................................................................ 89,952 10.5 63.1 29.6 16.8 8.6 4.1 3.9 16.2 10.2 

 Toys, hobbies, and playground equipment ............ 18,505 6.0 63.8 35.0 11.6 10.4 22.6 4.2 16.8 13.4 

 Other entertainment supplies, equipment, and 

 services .................................................................. 51,404 20.4 55.2 28.0 13.2 9.0 2.5 2.5 12.2 12.2 

 Personal care products and services ........................... 103,912 8.3 64.7 33.4 14.9 9.9 3.0 3.6 18.4 8.6 

 Reading ........................................................................ 12,167 8.6 53.0 29.1 11.9 7.1 2.2 2.8 31.0 7.4 

 Education ...................................................................... 190,849 10.8 70.4 40.4 15.4 10.1 1.9 2.6 5.4 13.3 

 Tobacco products and smoking supplies ..................... 42,314 5.6 63.9 16.9 18.1 14.1 6.0 8.8 13.2 17.3 

 Miscellaneous ............................................................... 118,856 10.6 63.5 34.6 14.4 7.2 2.7 4.6 17.3 8.7 

 Cash contributions ........................................................ 263,854 9.6 58.7 35.0 11.0 6.5 2.7 3.5 24.8 6.9 

 Personal insurance and pensions ................................ 947,479 12.2 77.8 45.0 15.4 9.7 3.0 4.7 4.7 5.3 

 Life and other personal insurance ............................. 68,706 10.6 61.0 36.5 12.3 7.6 1.5 3.0 20.3 8.1 

 Pensions and Social Security .................................... 878,774 12.3 79.1 45.7 15.6 9.9 3.1 4.9 3.5 5.0 

Sources of income and personal taxes: 

 Money income before taxes ......................................... $10,956,495 10.2 72.7 41.7 14.2 9.5 2.8 4.5 10.8 6.3 

 Wages and salaries ................................................... 8,557,137 7.0 84.4 48.5 16.6 10.7 3.3 5.3 2.9 5.7 

 Self-employment income ........................................... 786,437 52.5 38.6 27.1 4.7 4.2 1.4 1.3 2.6 6.3 

 Social Security, private and government 

 retirement ............................................................... 1,177,207 3.9 21.2 8.9 5.7 4.4 .4 1.8 66.7 8.3 

 Interest, dividends, rental income, other 

 property income ..................................................... 259,431 19.9 38.5 21.1 5.1 9.4 1.5 1.4 37.7 3.9 

 Public assistance, Supplemental Security 

 Income, Supplementary Nutrition Assistance 

 Program (SNAP) .................................................... 56,396 3.0 36.8 7.6 11.0 13.0 21.3 3.9 12.8 47.4 

 Unemployment and workers' compensation, 

 veterans' benefits, and regular contributions 

 for support .............................................................. 74,314 6.6 56.6 34.2 10.9 7.0 1.8 2.6 20.3 16.5 

 Other income ............................................................. 45,572 4.1 56.4 25.9 10.9 12.3 22.6 4.6 15.7 23.7 

 Personal taxes (contains some imputed values) ......... 1,502,850 13.2 78.0 55.7 11.2 6.2 2.1 2.8 4.9 3.8 

 Federal income taxes ................................................ 1,167,872 13.5 77.7 56.7 10.6 5.9 2.0 2.6 5.1 3.6 

 State and local income taxes .................................... 326,607 12.4 79.1 52.1 13.3 7.2 2.7 3.7 4.1 4.4 

 Other taxes ................................................................ 8,371 5.1 75.3 55.9 10.4 3.9 22.1 23.1 13.9 5.7 

 Income after taxes ........................................................ 9,453,645 9.7 71.9 39.4 14.7 10.0 2.9 4.8 11.7 6.7 

1

 Value is too small to display. 

2

 Data are likely to have large sampling errors. 

Source: Consumer Expenditure Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, September, 2020