Table 64. Education of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer

Expenditure Survey, 1998

(Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated)

Item Aggregate

Less than college graduate College graduate

Total

Less

than

high

school

graduate

High

school

graduate

High

school

graduate

with

some

college

Associate

degree Total Bachelor’sdegree

Master’s,

professional,

doctorate

Number of consumer units (in thousands) ...... 107,182 80,042 17,918 31,082 22,522 8,520 27,140 17,435 9,704 

Percent distribution of consumer units ........... 100.0 74.7 16.7 29.0 21.0 7.9 25.3 16.3 9.1 

Consumer unit characteristics (mean values):

Income before taxes 1 .................................. $41,622 $33,035 $20,712 $34,005 $37,853 $42,663 $67,102 $60,078 $79,863 

Income after taxes 1 ..................................... 38,358 30,978 19,935 32,036 35,167 39,276 60,258 54,294 71,093 

 Age of reference person ............................... 47.6 48.4 56.1 48.7 43.6 44.3 45.3 43.8 48.0 

Average number in consumer unit:

Persons ...................................................... 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 

 Children under 18 ....................................... .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .8 .6 .7 .6 

 Persons 65 and over .................................. .3 .3 .5 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 

 Earners ....................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 

 Vehicles ...................................................... 2.0 1.9 1.5 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.2 

Percent distribution:

Sex of reference person:

Male .......................................................... 58 56 52 57 57 56 64 62 69 

 Female ...................................................... 42 44 48 43 43 44 36 38 31 

Housing tenure:

Homeowner .............................................. 64 62 58 64 59 67 72 70 78 

 With mortgage ........................................ 39 34 21 34 39 46 53 51 56 

 Without mortgage ................................... 26 28 36 30 20 22 20 19 22 

 Renter ....................................................... 36 38 42 36 41 33 28 30 22 

Race of reference person:

Black ......................................................... 12 14 18 14 12 12 6 7 6 

 White and other ........................................ 88 86 82 86 88 88 94 93 94 

Education of reference person:

Elementary (1-8) ....................................... 7 9 40 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

 High school (9-12) .................................... 39 52 58 100 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

 College ..................................................... 54 39 n.a. n.a. 100 100 100 100 100 

 Never attended and other ......................... 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

At least one vehicle owned or leased ......... 87 85 75 87 87 93 94 93 95 

Annual aggregate expenditures ...................... $3,806,893 63.3 10.0 24.9 19.7 8.6 36.7 21.6 15.2 

Food ............................................................. 514,578 68.1 12.0 28.5 18.5 9.3 31.9 19.1 12.7 

 Food at home ............................................. 297,339 71.6 14.7 30.1 17.8 9.1 28.4 16.9 11.4 

 Cereals and bakery products .................... 45,435 71.7 14.2 30.1 17.7 9.7 28.3 17.1 11.3 

 Cereals and cereal products ................... 15,655 71.9 15.0 29.5 18.5 8.9 28.1 17.0 11.1 

 Bakery products ...................................... 29,780 71.5 13.7 30.4 17.3 10.1 28.5 17.1 11.3 

 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................... 77,381 75.2 16.7 31.5 18.1 8.9 24.8 14.8 10.0 

 Beef ........................................................ 23,366 77.4 16.9 34.2 17.4 8.8 22.6 13.1 9.6 

 Pork ........................................................ 15,600 78.8 19.6 33.7 17.6 8.0 21.2 13.0 8.2 

 Other meats ............................................ 9,849 75.4 16.4 30.9 18.0 10.1 24.6 15.1 9.5 

 Poultry .................................................... 14,635 72.5 14.6 29.3 20.1 8.4 27.5 16.8 10.7 

 Fish and seafood .................................... 10,465 67.7 14.1 25.9 17.8 9.9 32.3 18.4 13.9 

 Eggs ....................................................... 3,466 77.6 20.0 32.1 17.3 8.2 22.4 13.8 8.6 

Dairy products .......................................... 32,242 71.1 14.5 29.9 17.6 9.1 28.9 17.2 11.7 

 Fresh milk and cream ............................. 12,858 73.9 15.9 31.5 17.6 8.8 26.1 15.4 10.7 

 Other dairy products ............................... 19,384 69.3 13.5 28.9 17.6 9.3 30.7 18.4 12.3 

 Fruits and vegetables ............................... 50,484 68.9 14.8 28.4 16.6 9.1 31.1 18.2 12.9 

 Fresh fruits .............................................. 15,944 67.2 14.8 27.3 15.5 9.7 32.8 19.0 13.8 

 Fresh vegetables .................................... 15,509 68.6 16.3 27.8 16.1 8.3 31.4 17.9 13.6 

 Processed fruits ...................................... 10,852 68.3 12.4 28.2 17.8 9.9 31.7 19.1 12.6 

 Processed vegetables ............................ 8,180 73.8 14.8 32.0 18.3 8.7 26.2 16.0 10.2 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 64. Education of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer

Expenditure Survey, 1998 — Continued

(Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated)

Item Aggregate

Less than college graduate College graduate

Total

Less

than

high

school

graduate

High

school

graduate

High

school

graduate

with

some

college

Associate

degree Total Bachelor’sdegree

Master’s,

professional,

doctorate

 Other food at home ................................... $91,797 70.3 13.2 29.8 18.3 9.0 29.7 17.9 11.7 

 Sugar and other sweets .......................... 11,677 70.6 13.7 29.3 18.2 9.4 29.4 17.8 11.6 

 Fats and oils ........................................... 8,229 73.9 16.6 31.8 17.9 7.7 26.1 14.7 11.4 

 Miscellaneous foods ............................... 41,491 69.2 12.0 29.7 18.5 9.0 30.8 18.5 12.2 

 Nonalcoholic beverages ......................... 24,684 74.3 15.1 31.9 17.9 9.4 25.7 16.0 9.7 

Food prepared by consumer unit on

out-of-town trips .................................... 5,716 55.5 8.2 19.1 19.2 9.0 44.5 26.6 17.9 

 Food away from home ................................ 217,239 63.3 8.2 26.3 19.4 9.4 36.7 22.1 14.6 

Alcoholic beverages ..................................... 33,058 58.6 6.6 25.6 18.6 7.9 41.4 25.7 15.8 

Housing ........................................................ 1,255,217 62.2 10.5 24.3 19.2 8.3 37.8 22.1 15.6 

 Shelter ........................................................ 716,015 61.0 9.9 23.3 19.6 8.2 39.0 23.1 15.9 

 Owned dwellings ...................................... 454,991 57.2 7.6 21.8 19.4 8.5 42.8 24.6 18.2 

 Mortgage interest and charges ............... 263,117 54.8 5.9 20.2 19.8 8.9 45.2 26.4 18.8 

 Property taxes ........................................ 108,832 58.5 9.4 24.1 17.7 7.3 41.5 23.3 18.1 

Maintenance, repairs, insurance, other

expenses .............................................. 83,042 62.8 10.3 23.6 20.1 8.7 37.2 20.5 16.7 

 Rented dwellings ...................................... 211,972 73.0 16.3 28.2 20.6 7.9 27.0 18.2 8.8 

 Other lodging ............................................ 49,052 45.1 4.4 16.5 17.2 7.1 54.9 29.8 25.1 

Utilities, fuels, and public services .............. 257,743 70.2 14.3 27.7 20.0 8.2 29.8 18.4 11.4 

 Natural gas ............................................... 30,426 68.7 15.3 27.3 18.8 7.2 31.3 19.4 12.0 

 Electricity .................................................. 98,725 72.4 15.1 29.3 20.0 8.0 27.6 16.9 10.7 

 Fuel oil and other fuels ............................. 9,133 73.8 15.5 30.7 19.5 8.1 26.2 16.4 9.9 

 Telephone services .................................. 88,914 68.2 13.1 26.0 20.4 8.8 31.8 19.9 11.8 

 Water and other public services ............... 30,546 69.0 13.6 26.7 20.2 8.5 31.0 18.8 12.2 

 Household operations ................................. 58,495 52.7 6.8 19.8 17.7 8.4 47.3 25.4 21.9 

 Personal services ..................................... 27,827 58.7 7.6 22.8 18.1 10.2 41.3 24.1 17.2 

 Other household expenses ....................... 30,668 47.3 6.1 17.0 17.4 6.8 52.7 26.7 26.1 

Housekeeping supplies .............................. 51,546 61.6 10.2 25.6 17.0 8.9 38.4 18.8 19.6 

 Laundry and cleaning supplies ................. 12,586 72.7 15.5 31.0 16.8 9.4 27.3 17.4 9.8 

 Other household products ........................ 24,850 57.3 8.8 23.6 16.1 8.8 42.7 16.7 25.9 

 Postage and stationery ............................. 14,110 59.3 7.8 24.3 18.7 8.5 40.7 23.5 17.3 

 Household furnishings and equipment ....... 171,418 58.8 8.5 24.3 17.3 8.7 41.2 23.8 17.3 

 Household textiles .................................... 11,260 59.1 7.7 23.5 20.4 7.5 40.9 24.2 16.8 

 Furniture ................................................... 40,444 54.9 7.4 22.0 17.6 7.9 45.1 29.0 16.1 

 Floor coverings ......................................... 15,459 57.0 10.5 34.3 6.8 5.3 43.0 18.4 24.7 

 Major appliances ...................................... 17,583 68.7 14.5 28.7 17.3 8.3 31.3 18.2 13.1 

Small appliances, miscellaneous

housewares ............................................ 8,572 63.2 8.6 24.9 20.1 9.5 36.8 21.1 15.8 

 Miscellaneous household equipment ....... 78,101 58.5 7.4 22.6 18.4 10.0 41.5 23.8 17.7 

Apparel and services .................................... 179,110 62.5 9.8 24.8 18.9 9.0 37.5 22.4 15.1 

 Men and boys ............................................. 42,659 62.2 9.4 26.7 16.5 9.6 37.8 22.1 15.7 

 Men, 16 and over ...................................... 33,572 60.1 8.7 26.7 15.8 9.0 39.9 23.0 16.9 

 Boys, 2 to 15 ............................................. 9,087 70.0 12.3 26.9 18.9 11.8 30.0 18.7 11.3 

 Women and girls ......................................... 69,691 61.2 8.8 23.7 19.5 9.2 38.8 23.5 15.2 

 Women, 16 and over ................................ 58,618 60.2 8.3 23.5 19.1 9.3 39.8 24.2 15.6 

 Girls, 2 to 15 ............................................. 11,072 66.6 11.4 24.9 21.2 9.1 33.4 20.2 13.2 

 Children under 2 ......................................... 7,799 73.1 13.8 30.2 20.0 9.1 26.9 16.4 10.5 

 Footwear ..................................................... 30,038 69.0 12.2 28.4 19.5 8.9 31.0 18.9 12.1 

 Other apparel products and services .......... 28,923 56.4 9.2 19.1 20.2 7.8 43.6 25.4 18.2 

Transportation .............................................. 709,105 65.8 10.2 26.1 21.2 8.3 34.2 20.6 13.6 

 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................... 317,722 67.1 10.5 26.7 22.1 7.8 32.9 19.7 13.1 

 Cars and trucks, new ................................ 148,237 59.7 7.9 20.7 24.9 6.2 40.3 25.3 15.0 

 Cars and trucks, used ............................... 164,243 74.0 13.1 31.7 19.7 9.5 26.0 15.0 11.1 

 Other vehicles ........................................... 5,241 64.7 32.3 38.8 22.8 3.8 35.3 310.8 324.5 

 Gasoline and motor oil ................................ 108,989 71.1 12.4 28.4 21.2 9.1 28.9 18.1 10.8 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 64. Education of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer

Expenditure Survey, 1998 — Continued

(Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated)

Item Aggregate

Less than college graduate College graduate

Total

Less

than

high

school

graduate

High

school

graduate

High

school

graduate

with

some

college

Associate

degree Total Bachelor’sdegree

Master’s,

professional,

doctorate

 Other vehicle expenses .............................. $236,385 65.0 9.4 26.0 20.6 9.0 35.0 21.5 13.6 

 Vehicle finance charges ........................... 34,212 71.7 9.4 30.8 21.6 10.0 28.3 19.8 8.4 

 Maintenance and repairs .......................... 68,665 65.4 10.5 26.2 19.9 8.8 34.6 20.3 14.3 

 Vehicle insurance ..................................... 79,166 67.9 11.0 27.6 20.1 9.1 32.1 19.5 12.7 

Vehicle rental, leases, licenses, other

charges ................................................... 54,341 56.0 5.5 20.5 21.4 8.5 44.0 26.9 17.1 

 Public transportation ................................... 46,010 48.1 6.9 16.7 18.3 6.2 51.9 27.3 24.6 

Health care ................................................... 203,911 68.9 14.1 26.9 19.8 8.2 31.1 18.9 12.1 

 Health insurance ......................................... 97,878 70.4 14.6 27.5 19.9 8.4 29.6 18.1 11.6 

 Medical services ......................................... 58,109 63.8 10.1 24.3 20.3 9.1 36.2 22.0 14.2 

 Drugs .......................................................... 37,029 74.5 19.7 30.0 18.1 6.6 25.5 15.1 10.4 

 Medical supplies ......................................... 10,895 65.1 11.6 25.2 21.3 7.0 34.9 22.6 12.4 

Entertainment ............................................... 186,973 62.2 7.0 24.4 20.9 9.8 37.8 21.7 16.1 

 Fees and admissions .................................. 48,082 49.8 4.5 17.1 19.9 8.3 50.2 28.9 21.4 

 Television, radios, sound equipment .......... 57,273 67.9 11.1 26.2 21.1 9.6 32.1 18.1 14.0 

 Pets, toys, and playground equipment ....... 35,275 63.1 7.8 26.1 20.0 9.3 36.9 23.0 13.9 

Other entertainment supplies, equipment,

and services ............................................. 46,343 67.2 4.1 28.6 22.6 11.9 32.8 17.9 14.9 

Personal care products and services ........... 42,876 65.7 10.2 26.8 20.1 8.6 34.3 20.5 13.8 

Reading ........................................................ 17,250 55.6 6.7 20.7 20.0 8.2 44.4 24.1 20.3 

Education ...................................................... 62,137 51.9 3.6 13.4 26.0 8.9 48.1 27.8 20.3 

Tobacco products and smoking supplies ..... 29,260 86.3 19.6 37.6 20.2 8.9 13.7 9.8 3.9 

Miscellaneous ............................................... 92,160 68.6 11.5 27.6 20.6 8.9 31.4 18.3 13.1 

Cash contributions ........................................ 118,899 52.2 6.6 19.8 18.7 7.1 47.8 25.8 21.9 

Personal insurance and pensions ................ 362,358 55.6 6.0 21.2 19.6 8.8 44.4 25.1 19.3 

 Life and other personal insurance .............. 42,709 57.2 9.2 20.9 18.5 8.6 42.8 21.9 21.0 

 Pensions and Social Security ..................... 319,648 55.4 5.5 21.3 19.7 8.8 44.6 25.5 19.1 

Sources of income and personal taxes: 1

Money income before taxes ........................... 3,501,058 59.4 8.4 23.3 19.3 8.3 40.6 23.5 17.2 

 Wages and salaries .................................... 2,766,479 57.4 6.3 22.9 19.2 9.0 42.6 24.9 17.7 

 Self-employment income ............................ 188,347 52.4 6.1 18.6 23.3 4.3 47.6 20.9 26.7 

 Social Security, private and government

retirement ................................................. 388,481 75.2 22.2 29.0 18.1 6.0 24.8 14.3 10.5 

 Interest, dividends, rental income, other

property income ........................................ 73,280 45.4 5.5 17.9 16.4 5.7 54.6 34.3 20.3 

 Unemployment and workers’

compensation, veterans’ benefits ............. 16,228 88.4 18.2 38.0 19.4 12.9 11.6 9.2 2.4 

 Public assistance, supplemental security

income, food stamps ................................ 27,799 93.6 42.8 30.6 14.1 6.1 6.4 4.7 1.7 

 Regular contributions for support ............... 21,840 63.9 6.4 18.8 30.1 8.7 36.1 27.6 8.4 

 Other income .............................................. 18,602 56.9 10.7 16.6 23.7 5.9 43.1 27.4 15.7 

Personal taxes .............................................. 274,527 47.1 4.0 17.2 17.5 8.4 52.9 28.8 24.0 

 Federal income taxes ................................. 207,922 45.9 3.7 16.1 17.6 8.4 54.1 28.9 25.2 

 State and local income taxes ...................... 52,981 48.5 4.4 18.2 17.0 9.0 51.5 29.5 22.0 

 Other taxes ................................................. 13,624 61.2 7.0 29.7 16.8 7.8 38.8 24.3 14.5 

Income after taxes ........................................ 3,226,532 60.4 8.8 23.8 19.5 8.3 39.6 23.0 16.6 

1 Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete

income reporters" only; see glossary. 2 Value less than 0.5.

3 Data are likely to have large sampling errors.

n.a. Not applicable.