HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES ANNUAL AVERAGES

Table 45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by

occupation and industry

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation and industry

2003

Workers paid hourly rates Total at or below prevailing Federal

minimum wage

Total

Below

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

At 

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Number

Percent of

hourly-paid

workers

OCCUPATION

Management, professional, and related occupations ................................... 13,588 62 33 95 0.7 

 Management, business, and financial operations occupations ................ 3,640 19 7 26 .7

 Management occupations .................................................................... 2,127 16 4 20 .9

 Business and financial operations occupations .................................... 1,513 3 3 6 .4

 Professional and related occupations ....................................................... 9,949 43 26 69 .7

 Computer and mathematical occupations ............................................ 800 2 1 3 .4

 Architecture and engineering occupations ........................................... 916 – 1 2 .2

 Life, physical, and social science occupations ..................................... 405 1 – 2 .4

 Community and social services occupations ........................................ 704 4 3 7 .9

 Legal occupations ................................................................................. 257 2 – 2 .7

 Education, training, and library occupations ......................................... 2,076 16 17 33 1.6

 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ................ 805 9 2 11 1.3

 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ............................... 3,985 9 2 11 .3

Service occupations ..................................................................................... 15,887 1,244 277 1,520 9.6

 Healthcare support occupations ............................................................... 2,431 41 18 59 2.4

 Protective service occupations ................................................................. 1,688 25 5 30 1.8

 Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................. 6,247 999 159 1,158 18.5

 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ................. 3,445 63 48 111 3.2

 Personal care and service occupations .................................................... 2,076 115 47 162 7.8

Sales and office occupations ........................................................................ 20,649 133 154 287 1.4

 Sales and related occupations ................................................................. 7,379 74 72 146 2.0

 Office and administrative support occupations ......................................... 13,270 59 82 141 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................. 9,121 40 26 65 .7

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................................... 598 13 10 24 3.9

 Construction and extraction occupations .................................................. 5,111 16 5 21 .4

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................... 3,412 11 10 21 .6

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ...................... 13,700 77 55 132 1.0

 Production occupations ............................................................................ 7,799 31 23 55 .7

 Transportation and material moving occupations ..................................... 5,901 45 32 77 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

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HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

ANNUAL AVERAGES ANNUAL AVERAGES

Table 45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by

occupation and industry — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation and industry

2003

Workers paid hourly rates Total at or below prevailing Federal

minimum wage

Total

Below

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

At 

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Number

Percent of

hourly-paid

workers

INDUSTRY

Private sector ................................................................................................ 63,945 1,494 492 1,986 3.1

 Agriculture and related industries ............................................................... 639 15 12 27 4.3

 Nonagriculture and related industries ......................................................... 63,306 1,479 480 1,959 3.1

 Mining ...................................................................................................... 310 – – – .1

 Construction ............................................................................................ 5,132 21 6 27 .5

 Manufacturing .......................................................................................... 10,621 44 14 58 .5

 Durable goods ..................................................................................... 6,548 23 3 26 .4

 Nondurable goods ............................................................................... 4,073 21 12 32 .8

 Wholesale and retail trade ....................................................................... 12,173 102 87 189 1.6

 Wholesale trade ................................................................................... 1,902 6 6 12 .6

 Retail trade .......................................................................................... 10,270 96 81 178 1.7

 Transportation and utilities ...................................................................... 2,881 11 9 20 .7

 Transportation and warehousing ......................................................... 2,377 11 8 19 .8

 Utilities ................................................................................................. 504 – 1 1 .1

 Information ............................................................................................... 1,587 12 15 27 1.7

 Publishing, except Internet ............................................................... 347 3 7 10 3.0

 Motion pictures and sound recording ............................................... 189 7 4 11 5.7

 Broadcasting, except Internet ........................................................... 229 – – – –

 Telecommunications ......................................................................... 712 2 1 3 .5

 Financial activities ................................................................................... 3,433 17 10 27 .8

 Finance and insurance ........................................................................ 2,429 11 4 14 .6

 Finance ........................................................................................... 1,614 6 3 9 .5

 Insurance ........................................................................................ 815 5 1 6 .7

 Real estate and rental and leasing ...................................................... 1,004 6 7 13 1.3

 Professional and business services ........................................................ 5,274 30 35 65 1.2

 Professional and technical services .................................................... 2,226 3 9 13 .6

 Management, administrative, and waste services ............................... 3,048 27 26 53 1.7

 Education and health services ................................................................. 10,926 110 67 176 1.6

 Educational services ............................................................................ 1,184 16 20 36 3.1

 Health care and social assistance ....................................................... 9,742 93 47 140 1.4

 Leisure and hospitality ............................................................................. 8,093 1,041 199 1,240 15.3

 Arts, entertainment, and recreation ..................................................... 1,228 45 17 62 5.0

 Accommodation and food services ...................................................... 6,865 996 182 1,178 17.2

 Accommodation ............................................................................... 1,054 45 17 62 5.9

 Food services and drinking places .................................................. 5,812 952 164 1,116 19.2

 Other services1 ........................................................................................ 2,877 91 38 128 4.5

 Other services, except private households .......................................... 2,374 56 30 86 3.6

 Other services, private households ..................................................... 503 34 8 42 8.4

Public sector ................................................................................................. 9,001 62 52 114 1.3

 Federal goverment ................................................................................... 1,734 11 6 18 1.0

 State government ..................................................................................... 2,303 14 24 38 1.7

 Local government ..................................................................................... 4,964 36 22 58 1.2

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

 NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $5.15 per hour in

2003. Data are for wage and salary workers, excluding the incorporated

self-employed. They refer to a person’s earnings on their sole or principal job,

and pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and

other nonhourly workers are not included. The presence of workers with

hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate

violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exceptions to the

minimum wage provisions of the law. In addition, some survey respondents

might have rounded hourly earnings to the nearest dollar, and, as a result,

reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage even though they earned

the minimum wage or higher. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised

population controls used in the household survey. Occupations and

industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census occupational and

industry classification systems derived from the 2000 Standard Occupational

Classification system and the 2002 North American Industry Classification

System into the Current Population Survey.

262