Table 1904. Occupation of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2018 

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Wage and salary earners 

Item Aggregate 

Selfemployed 

workers 

Total 

wage and 

salary 

earners 

Managers 

and

professionals 

Technical, 

sales and 

clerical 

workers 

Service 

workers 

Construction 

workers and 

mechanics 

Operators, 

fabricators 

and

laborers 

Retired 

All other, 

including 

not

reporting 

Number of consumer units (in thousands) ................................ 131,439 7,856 80,288 33,102 19,838 16,263 3,383 7,702 26,786 16,509 

Percent distribution of consumer units ................................ 100.0 6.0 61.1 25.2 15.1 12.4 2.6 5.9 20.4 12.6 

Consumer unit characteristics (mean values): 

 Income before taxes ................................................................$78,635 $146,075 $91,571 $121,879 $75,281 $66,478 $71,352 $65,134 $42,643 $42,029 

 Income after taxes ................................................................ 67,241 113,666 77,697 100,124 65,333 59,000 62,934 59,119 40,026 38,450 

 Age of reference person ................................................................51.1 51.1 44.2 44.5 43.1 44.9 43.6 44.7 73.8 47.9 

 Average number in consumer unit: 

 People ................................................................................................ 25 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.9 1.8 2.7 

 Children under 18 ................................................................ .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .8 .9 .1 .8 

 Adults 65 and older ................................................................ .4 .3 .1 .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 1.3 .2 

 Earners ................................................................................................ 13 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 .3 .6 

 Vehicles ................................................................................................ 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.5 

Percent distribution: 

 Reference person: 

 Men ................................................................................................47 62 50 48 41 48 89 75 44 30 

 Women ................................................................................................ 53 38 50 52 59 52 11 25 56 70 

 Housing tenure: 

 Homeowner ................................................................................................ 63 73 60 68 56 51 52 56 82 47 

 With mortgage ................................................................ 37 48 44 53 40 35 35 36 23 24 

 Without mortgage ................................................................ 26 25 16 15 16 17 17 20 59 23 

 Renter ................................................................................................ 37 27 40 32 44 49 48 44 18 53 

 Race of reference person: 

 Black or African-American ................................................................ 13 8 14 12 14 20 7 16 10 15 

 White, Asian, and all other races ................................ 87 92 86 88 86 80 93 84 90 85 

 Hispanic or Latino origin of reference person: 

 Hispanic or Latino ................................................................ 13 14 15 9 14 22 26 22 6 18 

 Not Hispanic or Latino ................................................................ 87 86 85 91 86 78 74 78 94 82 

 Education of reference person: 

 Elementary (1-8)................................................................ 3 4 2 ( 1 ) 1 4 7 6 4 6 

 High school (9-12) ................................................................ 30 22 25 9 28 37 48 47 37 44 

 College ................................................................................................ 67 73 73 90 71 58 43 46 59 50 

 Never attended and other ................................................................ ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 1 ( 1 ) 1 

 At least one vehicle owned or leased ................................ 88 92 91 93 90 86 93 92 88 73 

Annual aggregate expenditures ................................................................ $8,043,521 8.8 65.5 33.8 14.1 10.5 2.4 4.7 16.5 9.2 

 Food ................................................................................................ 1,039,471 7.8 64.5 30.8 14.9 11.7 3.0 4.1 16.7 11.0 

 Food at home ................................................................ 585,605 7.4 61.7 28.0 14.8 11.6 3.1 4.2 18.3 12.6 

 Cereals and bakery products ................................................................ 74,683 7.8 61.0 27.8 14.5 11.5 3.1 4.1 18.7 12.5 

 Cereals and cereal products ................................................................ 23,301 7.9 62.9 27.9 14.7 13.1 3.1 4.1 16.0 13.1 

 Bakery products ................................................................51,382 7.8 60.1 27.8 14.4 10.8 3.0 4.1 19.9 12.2 

 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................................ 126,032 7.1 61.4 26.0 15.2 12.5 3.5 4.2 17.7 13.8 

 Beef ................................................................................................ 33,249 7.0 61.8 26.4 15.1 13.4 3.2 3.7 16.8 14.4 

 Pork ................................................................................................ 23,605 6.5 59.1 24.3 14.9 11.6 3.3 5.1 19.8 14.6 

 Other meats ................................................................ 16,979 7.2 59.5 26.1 14.4 11.5 3.2 4.3 19.9 13.4 

 Poultry ................................................................................................ 23,651 6.5 64.7 26.2 16.4 13.7 3.5 4.9 14.3 14.5 

 Fish and seafood ................................................................ 20,168 8.3 60.7 26.3 15.1 11.4 4.9 2.9 19.5 11.5 

 Eggs ................................................................................................ 8,380 7.7 62.5 26.8 14.5 13.2 2.9 5.1 16.9 12.8 

 Dairy products ................................................................ 58,917 7.5 61.4 28.5 14.7 11.2 2.7 4.2 18.6 12.5 

 Fresh milk and cream ................................................................ 19,225 7.7 60.7 26.8 14.3 12.1 3.0 4.6 17.9 13.7 

 Other dairy products ................................................................ 39,692 7.4 61.7 29.4 14.9 10.8 2.6 4.0 18.9 12.0 

 Fruits and vegetables ................................................................ 112,519 7.7 61.6 29.3 13.9 11.6 2.8 3.9 18.7 12.0 

 Fresh fruits ................................................................ 41,670 7.7 61.9 29.9 13.7 11.5 3.0 3.8 19.1 11.3 

 Fresh vegetables ................................................................ 37,063 7.8 61.7 30.4 13.4 11.6 2.5 3.9 18.0 12.5 

 Processed fruits ................................................................14,951 8.3 60.5 27.6 14.9 11.5 2.8 3.7 19.6 11.7 

 Processed vegetables................................................................ 18,835 7.0 61.8 27.5 14.7 12.0 3.3 4.3 18.3 12.9 

 Other food at home ................................................................ 213,454 7.3 62.2 28.3 15.1 11.3 3.1 4.3 18.1 12.4 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Table 1904. Occupation of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2018 —

Continued 

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Wage and salary earners 

Item Aggregate 

Selfemployed 

workers 

Total 

wage and 

salary 

earners 

Managers 

and

professionals 

Technical, 

sales and 

clerical 

workers 

Service 

workers 

Construction 

workers and 

mechanics 

Operators, 

fabricators 

and

laborers 

Retired 

All other, 

including 

not

reporting 

 Sugar and other sweets ................................................................ 19,743 7.5 60.3 27.7 14.6 10.6 2.4 4.9 20.4 11.8 

 Fats and oils ................................................................ 15,452 6.7 61.3 26.6 16.1 10.7 3.2 4.7 19.9 12.1 

 Miscellaneous foods ................................................................ 113,442 7.3 63.2 28.9 15.4 11.4 3.4 4.2 17.3 12.1 

 Nonalcoholic beverages ................................................................ 57,406 7.0 61.0 27.0 15.0 11.5 3.1 4.4 18.3 13.7 

 Food prepared by consumer unit on 

 out-of-town trips ................................................................7,412 8.6 62.5 35.6 10.8 10.1 1.7 4.3 20.2 8.7 

 Food away from home ................................................................ 453,865 8.4 68.1 34.4 15.0 11.9 2.9 3.9 14.7 8.8 

 Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ 76,468 9.8 67.4 37.0 15.0 9.3 2.4 3.8 15.0 7.8 

 Housing ................................................................................................ 2,640,250 8.3 64.8 33.0 14.0 10.8 2.3 4.7 16.9 9.9 

 Shelter ................................................................................................ 1,544,072 8.3 66.1 34.2 14.2 11.0 2.2 4.5 15.8 9.8 

 Owned dwellings ................................................................877,720 9.4 65.0 37.2 12.6 9.3 1.8 4.1 17.6 8.0 

 Mortgage interest and charges ................................ 364,770 9.1 73.4 42.3 14.4 10.5 1.9 4.3 8.9 8.5 

 Property taxes ................................................................289,139 10.3 61.0 35.0 12.0 8.7 1.6 3.7 21.2 7.5 

 Maintenance, repairs, insurance, other 

 expenses ................................................................ 223,811 8.7 56.4 31.7 10.4 8.1 2.0 4.1 27.2 7.8 

 Rented dwellings ................................................................558,452 6.0 69.1 28.9 17.2 14.4 2.9 5.7 11.7 13.2 

 Other lodging ................................................................ 107,901 11.7 59.2 37.6 11.3 7.1 1.0 2.3 21.8 7.3 

 Utilities, fuels, and public services ................................ 532,153 7.4 62.5 27.9 14.6 11.7 2.4 5.8 19.3 10.8 

 Natural gas ................................................................ 53,888 7.8 61.9 29.0 13.8 11.5 2.2 5.4 20.9 9.5 

 Electricity ................................................................................................ 196,651 7.3 60.4 26.1 14.5 11.5 2.5 5.7 20.2 12.1 

 Fuel oil and other fuels ................................................................ 15,964 11.1 52.6 30.3 8.5 8.0 21.6 4.2 28.4 8.0 

 Telephone services ................................................................ 184,982 6.9 66.7 29.7 15.6 12.6 2.5 6.4 16.2 10.2 

 Residential phone service, VOIP, and phone 

 cards ................................................................................................ 28,853 6.6 47.4 21.4 11.5 9.1 1.6 3.8 35.1 10.9 

 Cellular phone service ................................................................ 156,129 6.9 70.3 31.2 16.4 13.2 2.7 6.8 12.6 10.1 

 Water and other public services................................ 80,668 7.8 60.5 27.2 14.3 11.2 2.3 5.5 21.1 10.6 

 Household operations ................................................................ 200,080 8.7 66.4 38.7 13.4 8.7 1.6 4.1 17.7 7.2 

 Personal services ................................................................62,046 5.5 83.2 53.3 15.4 8.6 21.3 4.7 6.9 4.3 

 Other household expenses ................................................................ 138,034 10.1 58.9 32.1 12.5 8.7 1.7 3.8 22.5 8.5 

 Housekeeping supplies ................................................................ 98,029 11.0 58.7 27.7 14.1 10.4 2.5 4.0 20.4 9.9 

 Laundry and cleaning supplies ................................ 24,108 10.2 60.5 25.2 14.6 13.1 3.1 4.5 17.7 11.7 

 Other household products ................................................................ 56,598 11.0 58.3 28.5 13.8 10.1 2.1 3.9 20.8 9.9 

 Postage and stationery ................................................................ 17,323 12.0 57.3 28.6 14.7 7.7 2.7 3.6 23.3 7.5 

 Household furnishings and equipment ................................ 265,917 8.8 63.0 33.6 12.5 9.9 2.9 4.1 17.0 11.1 

 Household textiles ................................................................14,576 7.8 60.9 30.9 15.6 10.4 1.7 2.3 22.0 9.3 

 Furniture ................................................................................................ 68,141 8.4 66.6 34.9 13.0 10.3 2.4 5.9 15.0 10.0 

 Floor coverings ................................................................ 3,327 5.8 68.6 44.9 12.1 6.2 21.6 3.7 18.9 6.7 

 Major appliances ................................................................ 39,911 8.4 63.4 30.4 13.8 10.8 2.4 6.0 17.1 11.1 

 Small appliances, miscellaneous housewares ................................ 15,545 8.3 65.0 29.0 12.2 16.1 3.1 4.6 17.3 9.5 

 Miscellaneous household equipment ................................124,416 9.5 60.8 34.5 11.5 8.6 3.5 2.7 17.4 12.2 

 Apparel and services ................................................................244,915 8.8 68.2 33.2 14.9 13.6 2.5 4.0 12.5 10.5 

 Men and boys ................................................................ 55,134 7.2 70.6 32.4 14.6 15.0 3.6 4.9 11.1 11.2 

 Men, 16 and over ................................................................44,202 7.1 69.8 31.4 14.9 15.0 3.6 4.9 12.4 10.7 

 Boys, 2 to 15 ................................................................ 10,932 7.4 73.7 36.4 13.3 15.3 3.8 4.9 5.9 12.9 

 Women and girls ................................................................ 99,043 10.4 67.5 33.1 16.5 11.9 1.8 4.1 13.2 8.9 

 Women, 16 and over ................................................................ 83,668 11.0 65.4 32.5 16.0 11.0 1.9 3.9 14.9 8.8 

 Girls, 2 to 15 ................................................................ 15,376 7.1 79.0 36.2 18.9 16.8 1.6 5.5 4.2 9.7 

 Children under 2 ................................................................ 10,242 9.4 71.2 35.0 13.7 15.1 24.6 22.9 5.3 14.0 

 Footwear ................................................................................................ 51,372 7.4 66.5 28.8 15.3 16.6 2.4 3.4 14.3 11.8 

 Other apparel products and services ................................ 29,124 8.5 68.3 42.1 10.1 10.5 2.2 3.4 12.2 11.0 

 Transportation................................................................................................ 1,282,692 7.5 68.1 33.5 14.6 10.8 3.0 6.3 15.2 9.2 

 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................................ 522,435 5.5 71.4 35.0 14.8 10.3 3.4 8.0 14.1 9.0 

 Cars and trucks, new ................................................................ 239,926 5.6 67.6 39.3 13.4 7.0 22.2 5.8 17.8 9.1 

 Cars and trucks, used ................................................................ 273,899 5.5 74.7 31.6 15.9 13.2 4.4 9.5 10.8 8.9 

 Other vehicles ................................................................ 8,610 2

.6 72.7 25.7 215.3 28.0 24.7 19.0 217.6 29.1 

 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil ................................ 277,165 7.6 68.8 30.7 15.9 12.2 3.2 6.8 13.8 9.7 

 Other vehicle expenses ................................................................ 375,532 8.8 65.1 32.7 14.4 10.7 2.8 4.5 16.9 9.2 

 Vehicle finance charges ................................................................ 29,143 6.9 74.4 34.1 17.5 12.8 3.0 7.0 10.6 8.2 

 Maintenance and repairs ................................................................ 116,921 8.2 64.1 30.6 14.4 10.0 3.1 6.1 18.3 9.5 

 Vehicle insurance ................................................................128,054 9.2 60.4 30.1 13.2 11.0 23.1 23.0 18.9 11.4 

 Vehicle rental, leases, licenses, and other 

 charges ................................................................................................ 101,413 9.4 69.3 38.0 15.0 10.4 2.1 3.8 14.8 6.5 

 Public and other transportation ................................................................ 107,561 12.8 61.2 36.4 11.3 9.5 1.3 2.7 17.5 8.6 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Table 1904. Occupation of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2018 —

Continued 

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Wage and salary earners 

Item Aggregate 

Selfemployed 

workers 

Total 

wage and 

salary 

earners 

Managers 

and

professionals 

Technical, 

sales and 

clerical 

workers 

Service 

workers 

Construction 

workers and 

mechanics 

Operators, 

fabricators 

and

laborers 

Retired 

All other, 

including 

not

reporting 

 Healthcare ................................................................................................ 652,982 7.8 55.5 28.2 12.4 8.8 1.8 4.3 27.9 8.8 

 Health insurance ................................................................ 447,507 7.5 55.8 28.1 12.8 9.1 1.7 4.2 28.8 7.9 

 Medical services ................................................................ 119,426 8.7 58.4 31.7 11.9 7.8 1.9 5.0 22.1 10.9 

 Drugs ................................................................................................ 63,492 8.5 48.0 23.2 10.5 8.3 2.5 3.5 31.4 12.1 

 Medical supplies ................................................................ 22,556 6.6 54.6 27.9 12.2 8.4 1.8 4.4 31.8 7.1 

 Entertainment ................................................................................................ 423,720 8.4 64.0 35.4 13.6 8.8 1.8 4.4 17.7 9.9 

 Fees and admissions ................................................................ 100,636 11.9 65.7 42.2 11.4 7.7 1.0 3.5 13.2 9.2 

 Audio and visual equipment and services ................................ 135,311 6.9 62.2 29.0 14.4 10.9 2.2 5.6 20.5 10.4 

 Pets, toys, hobbies, and playground equipment ................................ 107,134 8.9 65.3 32.2 16.2 10.7 2.7 3.5 16.8 9.0 

 Pets ................................................................................................ 86,945 8.8 65.4 31.3 16.7 10.6 3.0 3.7 17.6 8.1 

 Toys, hobbies, and playground equipment ................................ 20,189 9.3 64.8 35.9 13.8 11.1 21.5 2.4 13.1 12.8 

 Other entertainment supplies, equipment, and 

 services ................................................................................................ 80,639 5.6 63.5 41.8 11.8 4.4 .8 4.7 19.9 11.0 

 Personal care products and services ................................ 100,865 7.9 65.8 33.4 15.6 10.9 2.2 3.8 17.4 8.8 

 Reading ................................................................................................ 14,178 8.9 51.6 27.8 11.8 7.7 1.5 2.8 32.5 7.0 

 Education ................................................................................................ 184,932 12.1 71.7 45.0 11.9 9.4 1.8 3.5 6.9 9.4 

 Tobacco products and smoking supplies ................................ 45,556 5.1 64.0 19.5 16.7 14.0 4.7 9.2 12.5 18.4 

 Miscellaneous ................................................................................................ 130,444 8.6 59.6 31.4 12.0 10.3 2.0 3.8 22.6 9.2 

 Cash contributions ................................................................ 248,127 9.3 54.3 32.1 10.1 6.5 1.7 3.8 27.8 8.6 

 Personal insurance and pensions ................................................................ 958,921 13.1 74.3 42.1 15.0 10.2 2.3 4.7 7.4 5.2 

 Life and other personal insurance ................................ 61,099 11.2 58.5 33.7 11.9 8.3 1.0 3.6 22.4 7.9 

 Pensions and Social Security ................................................................ 897,823 13.2 75.4 42.7 15.2 10.4 2.4 4.7 6.4 5.0 

Sources of income and personal taxes: 

 Money income before taxes ................................................................ $10,335,717 11.1 71.1 39.0 14.4 10.5 2.3 4.9 11.1 6.7 

 Wages and salaries ................................................................ 8,090,941 8.0 83.3 46.1 16.8 11.8 2.8 5.7 3.0 5.7 

 Self-employment income ................................................................ 687,710 57.4 31.0 16.6 6.9 4.9 1.0 1.6 3.9 7.7 

 Social Security, private and government 

 retirement ................................................................................................ 1,138,817 4.3 20.1 8.0 4.7 5.3 .4 1.8 65.8 9.8 

 Interest, dividends, rental income, other 

 property income ................................................................255,147 18.1 38.6 26.6 4.9 5.2 .4 1.4 36.1 7.2 

 Public assistance, Supplemental Security 

 Income, Supplementary Nutrition Assistance 

 Program (SNAP) ................................................................ 59,199 3.1 38.0 7.4 10.1 14.1 1.5 4.9 11.5 47.3 

 Unemployment and workers' compensation, 

 veterans' benefits, and regular contributions 

 for support ................................................................ 62,650 4.5 47.4 23.1 12.4 8.8 .9 2.2 29.4 18.7 

 Other income ................................................................ 41,253 8.0 55.4 21.5 11.8 15.4 22.0 4.6 11.4 25.2 

 Personal taxes (contains some imputed values) ................................ 1,497,670 17.0 74.4 48.1 13.2 8.1 1.9 3.1 4.7 3.9 

 Federal income taxes ................................................................ 1,187,149 17.5 73.8 48.4 12.7 7.9 1.8 2.9 4.8 3.8 

 State and local income taxes ................................................................ 300,289 15.2 76.6 47.6 14.1 8.9 2.2 3.8 3.8 4.4 

 Other taxes ................................................................................................ 10,232 8.8 74.3 26.6 36.8 6.8 2

.8 23.2 12.3 4.6 

 Income after taxes ................................................................8,838,047 10.1 70.6 37.5 14.7 10.9 2.4 5.2 12.1 7.2 

1

 Value is too small to display. 

2

 Data are likely to have large sampling errors. 

Source: Consumer Expenditure Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, September, 2019