In The 

Court of Appeals 

Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo 

 

No. 07-22-00043-CV 

 

IN THE INTEREST OF E.D.S., A CHILD 

 

On Appeal from the 100th Judicial District Court 

 Childress County, Texas 

Trial Court No. 11179, Honorable Stuart Messer, Presiding 

May 11, 2022 

MEMORANDUM OPINION 

Before QUINN, C.J., and PIRTLE and DOSS, JJ. 

Appellant, J.R.S. (Father), appeals from a final order terminating his parental rights 

to E.D.S.

1 Appellee is the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services. The 

Department’s case was heard via Zoom before the associate judge over settings of 

November 2, November 18, and December 7, 2021. At Father’s request, a de novo

hearing before the referring district court was conducted on January 6, 2022. Through a 

1 To protect the privacy of the parties involved, we will refer to J.R.S. as “Father,” and the child by 

initials. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 109.002(d); TEX. R. APP. P. 9.8(b). The parental rights of E.D.S.’s 

mother, G.M.S. (Mother), were terminated in the same proceeding and she did not appeal the final order. 

See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(b)(1)(K) (affidavit of relinquishment of parental rights) and (2) 

(termination in best interest).
2

single issue, Father challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the referring 

court’s finding that terminating Father’s parental rights is in E.D.S.’s best interest. We 

conclude that finding is supported by legally and factually sufficient evidence. The final 

order is affirmed. 

Background

Department investigator Brandy Pate testified that on November 30, 2020, the 

Department received a report of neglectful supervision of E.D.S. due to possible drug use 

by Mother. After learning Mother was evicted from her apartment, Pate viewed the 

premises. She described it as dirty and cluttered. 

Pate obtained a new address for Mother and found Mother, Father, and E.D.S.

there. According to Pate, Mother did not look healthy, appearing “very thin” and as though 

she had not bathed or showered for some time. Mother admitted using 

methamphetamine the previous day and marijuana recently. Father told Pate he had 

used methamphetamine “off and on” for some twenty years. He also appeared very thin 

and unkempt, acknowledging he had last used methamphetamine the previous day. 

E.D.S., according to Pate, appeared dirty with long, matted, and tangled hair. 

At final hearing, the court admitted the family service plan over no objection. The 

plan stated, inter alia, that Mother and Father exposed E.D.S. to methamphetamine, and 

that the child tested positive for the drug. With apparent regard for E.D.S.’s drug 

exposure, the plan indicated the Department intended to continue monitoring the child’s

kidneys and lungs. The plan added that “two crack rocks [were] found in [E.D.S.’s] 

bedroom.” 
3

Under a heading titled, “Intimate Partner Violence,” the plan stated that Mother had 

“notable red marks on her neck” and on “multiple occasions” had called the police on 

Father. Father also reportedly “had scratch marks on his neck.” In the plan, the 

Department expressed its concern about Mother and Father “continuing in domestic 

violence patterns,” where the child is “left unsupervised and can lead to [the child] being 

seriously injured, emotionally distressed, and his basic needs being neglected.” 

According to the plan, Father and Mother each denied any episodes of domestic violence 

after resuming cohabitation. 

Father was called adversely by the Department during its case-in-chief. He 

testified his last full-time employment was June or July 2021, although he said he 

performed tattooing and piercings for remuneration “all the time,” and earned from $700 

to $2,500 per month. Father also stated he had a “guaranteed job” at $18 per hour as a 

butcher at Tyson Foods with a commencement date depending on whether he was 

admitted to a drug rehab program. At the third setting of final hearing, Father related he 

was cleaning rest stops for $600 a week. The purpose of that job, he explained, was to 

repair his vehicle. Father then expressed the intention to begin employment for Tyson. 

The family service plan also mentioned Father’s anticipated enlistment in the Navy, but 

that prospect was not discussed at final hearing. 

Father expressed the intention that his mother would care for E.D.S. when Father 

worked. Father indicated E.D.S. received Medicaid, but that future health insurance 

would be provided through the job Father planned to take with Tyson Foods. 
4

Regarding housing, Father’s former landlord testified she directed Father to leave 

the apartment he rented with Mother because “[i]t was filthy, disaster, tore up.” 

Elsewhere, the landlord described the apartment as a “disaster, it was destroyed,” 

showing holes in the floor and front door, “garbage everywhere,” and syringes. Another 

witness who photographed the interior of the apartment at the time of Father’s departure

described the bathroom as “absolutely disgusting, had dog feces and urine all over. 

Random trash all over.” One photograph depicted a cylindrical object that the witness 

opined was a pipe containing residue. Another photograph depicted a dead fox found in 

the apartment’s freezer. Father explained he had an apprenticeship in taxidermy and 

decided to “taxidermy it” after striking the fox with his vehicle.

Father’s present and future living arrangements were unclear at best. At the first 

setting, Father testified he was in the process of moving to another location; a place he 

variously described as a one-bedroom “back house,” a “temporary house,” and a house 

he could remodel. He said he planned to stay with a friend until moving. At another point, 

Father said that once he was in the one-bedroom house, if E.D.S. lived with him, Father 

would sleep on the couch. However, Father later testified he was living with his friend 

because the house where he intended to move “burned to the ground.” At the de novo

hearing, Father testified he was living in a two-bedroom camper in an RV park. Father 

indicated he would stay with a friend in a suitable home should he gain conservatorship 

over E.D.S. 

Father also used methamphetamine while E.D.S. was in Department custody. 

Father said he last used methamphetamine about three months before the first setting as 

a means of coping with depression at the suicide of his former wife and death of a 
5

grandparent. Department caseworker, Tippi Watson, testified of a September 30, 2021 

meeting with Father, where he admitted using methamphetamine on his birthday earlier 

that same month. Watson also testified about a drug test from November 10, 2021, that 

was positive for methamphetamine; the reported quantity of drugs found in Father’s 

system led Watson to opine that Father had used methamphetamine less than twentyfour hours before the test. 

Father acknowledged he could obtain methamphetamine if he wanted but claimed 

no desire to do so. Father agreed it was not in the best interest of E.D.S. to have a parent 

who struggled with methamphetamine use but denied a present problem.

Watson testified Father initially did “very well” when visiting the child. However, 

Father began to pay less attention as the case progressed. According to Watson, Father 

“would allow the child to do things that weren’t safe, such as running around the room, 

standing on the table, jumping off, rough play with him . . . . Running out of the room.” 

Father said his visitation with E.D.S. was suspended until he could “pass a drug test.” 

Watson agreed, noting Father’s visits remained suspended because he had not provided 

a negative drug test result. After Father’s visits with the child were suspended, he did not 

ask to see E.D.S. 

At the first setting, Father acknowledged having been arrested for the offense of 

burglary of a habitation. Father testified his belief that the charge would be dropped.

Father is the parent of four children under age eighteen. Although the reasons 

were unclear from the record, Father’s parental rights to two other children were also 

recently terminated in a Potter County court. The court found termination was in the best 
6

interest of the children and Father had engaged in endangering conduct,2 constructively 

abandoned the children, and failed to work court-ordered family services. The family 

service plan suggests Father’s loss of parental rights for those children was “due to 

methamphetamine use.” Father also acknowledges a girlfriend despite still being married 

to Mother.

Regarding Father’s efforts to complete services ordered by the court and the 

Department’s plan, Watson testified (1) Father never made an appointment for individual 

counseling; (2) never provided proof of work in a tire shop, which he claimed; (3) never

produced an offer letter proving his “guaranteed job” at Tyson Foods; (4) never offered 

Watson proof of housing; (5) never allowed Watson access into his home; (6) failed to 

complete an OSAR (Outreach, Screening, Assessment, and Referral) evaluation;

3

(7)

never completed a parenting program; (8) never completed a batterers intervention and 

prevention program; and (9) never completed a psychosocial evaluation. Moreover, 

Father did not participate in drug screenings on five occasions. Father likewise did not 

participate in Alcoholics Anonymous or complete an inpatient or outpatient drug treatment 

program. Watson said Father was difficult to contact because he did not have a physical 

address and did not respond to telephone and text messages. Department supervisor 

Jessica Hoskins testified that because Father’s service plan in the present case was 

identical to the one in the Potter County matter, Father had roughly two years to complete 

2 See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(b)(1)(D). 

3 Watson testified Father’s scheduled appointment for the telephonic evaluation was February 17, 

2021. Father testified that date was during a weather-related, three-day power outage in Childress. 

According to Father, he was unable to receive the evaluator’s call because his cellphone battery was dead,

and he had no means of recharging. Watson also testified that Father never called to reschedule the 

appointment. According to Father he attempted to reschedule the appointment through his original 

caseworker but “she kept putting it off.”
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services. Father’s alleged excuses for failing to complete certain services included 

inclement weather, one inpatient treatment program’s alleged prohibition of piercings and 

tattoos and requirement that he wear pants, and another inpatient program’s 

unacceptability because “they injured his foot.” 

The trial court also heard Father provide numerous explanations for why he failed 

to complete his services. First, Father said he would have adequately complied with the 

services requirement had he received the assistance of another caseworker; he 

complained about the unavailability of caseworkers. Nevertheless, at least three 

Department caseworkers had case oversight during the pendency of this case. Second, 

Father testified that in December 2020 or January 2021 he was discharged from an 

inpatient rehab facility after two days due to testing positive for Covid-19. Another facility 

told Father it was “booked up” and that he should look elsewhere. Third, Father said he 

did not take independent parenting classes because that curriculum was also included in 

a rehab program. Father acknowledged failing to complete a rehab program before the 

third setting of final hearing. Fourth, Father said he did not offer Watson the opportunity 

to view his apartment because at the time he was packing and moving his belongings to 

storage. Fifth, he blamed the sponsoring witness of the apartment photographs for 

incorrectly stating the date the photographs were made. At the de novo hearing the court 

admitted on Father’s offer photographs of the apparent interior bearing an earlier date 

stamp. Sixth, Father said the photograph of syringes belonged to another person who 

was jailed as a result. Seventh, Father opined his positive drug test in November 2021 

was due to his consumption of supplements and prescription medication.
8

The Department expressed its goal to seek adoption of E.D.S. by his maternal 

great-grandmother. Such an arrangement, Watson testified, would place E.D.S. in the 

care of a blood relative along with two half-siblings.

On December 14, 2021, the associate judge signed an order terminating Father’s 

parental rights to E.D.S. after making findings under Family Code section 161.001(b)(1), 

predicate grounds (D), (E), (M), (N), (O), and (P), and finding that termination was in the 

child’s best interest.4 As noted, Father requested a de novo hearing before the referring 

court.5

At the January 6, 2022, de novo hearing, the referring court without objection 

stated it would consider the record from the three prior settings before the associate 

judge. It also heard Father’s brief testimony and admitted some exhibits offered by 

Father. 

In an order signed January 12, 2022, the referring court terminated Father’s 

parental rights to E.D.S., making predicate ground and best interest findings identical to 

those of the associate judge. Father’s notice of appeal was filed February 10, 2022; the 

deadline was extended by Appellate Rule 26.3.

6

4 See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(b)(1)(D), (E), (M), (N), (O), and (P) and (2).

5 See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §§ 201.2042(a) & 201.015.

6 See TEX. R. APP. P. 26.3, 28.1(a),(b), 26.1(b), & 25.1.
9

Analysis

Through one issue, Father challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting 

the referring district court’s best-interest finding. He seeks a new trial. 

The Due Process Clause of the United States Constitution and section 161.001 of 

the Texas Family Code require application of the heightened standard of clear and 

convincing evidence in cases involving involuntary termination of parental rights. In re 

E.N.C., 384 S.W.3d 796, 802 (Tex. 2012); In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 263 (Tex. 2002). 

The applicable standards for reviewing the evidence are discussed in our opinion in In re 

A.M., No. 07-21-00052-CV, 2021 Tex. App. LEXIS 5447 (Tex. App.—Amarillo July 8, 

2021, pet. denied) (mem. op.). As factfinder, the district court was the exclusive judge of 

the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given their testimony. In re H.E.B.,

No. 07-17-00351-CV, 2018 Tex. App. LEXIS 885, at *5 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Jan. 31, 

2018, pet. denied) (mem. op.). Unchallenged statutory predicate ground findings can 

support the trial court’s best-interest finding. In re M.D., No. 07-21-00149-CV, 2021 Tex. 

App. LEXIS 7217, at *1-2 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Aug. 30, 2021, pet. denied) (per curiam, 

mem. op.); see also In re T.C., No. 07-18-00080-CV, 2018 Tex. App. LEXIS 6769, at *13

(Tex. App.—Amarillo Aug. 23, 2018, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (noting that a parent who 

opts to forgo a challenge to predicate ground findings tacitly concedes that sufficient 

evidence supports those findings).

To assess the trial court’s best-interest determination, we may consider the factors 

itemized in Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371-72 (Tex.1976).

7

 While the Holley list 

7 The Holley factors are: (1) the desires of the child; (2) the emotional and physical needs of the 

child now and in the future; (3) the emotional and physical danger to the child now and in the future; (4) the 
10

“is by no means exhaustive, [it] does indicate a number of considerations which either 

have been or would appear to be pertinent.” Holley, 544 S.W.2d at 372.

8

 “The absence 

of evidence about some of these considerations would not preclude a fact-finder from 

reasonably forming a strong conviction or belief that termination is in the child’s best 

interest, particularly if the evidence were undisputed that the parental relationship 

endangered the safety of the child.” In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 27 (Tex. 2005). In some 

circumstances, evidence of even one Holley factor may be sufficient. Jordan v. Dossey,

325 S.W.3d 700, 729 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, pet. denied) (citing In re C.H., 

89 S.W.3d at 27). 

There is a strong presumption that keeping a child with a parent is in the child’s 

best interest. In re R.R., 209 S.W.3d at 116. But prompt and permanent placement of a 

child in a safe environment is also presumed to be in the child’s best interest. TEX. FAM.

CODE ANN. § 263.307(a). The best-interest analysis evaluates the best interest of the 

child, not the parent. In re A.C.B., 198 S.W.3d 294, 298 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2006, no 

pet.). “A parent’s drug use, inability to provide a stable home, and failure to comply with 

a family service plan support a finding that termination is in the best interest of the child.” 

In re M.R., 243 S.W.3d 807, 821 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2007, no pet.). 

parental abilities of the individuals seeking custody; (5) the programs available to assist these individuals 

to promote the best interest of the child; (6) the plans for the child by these individuals or by the agency 

seeking custody; (7) the stability of the home or proposed placement; (8) the acts or omissions of the parent 

which may indicate that the existing parent-child relationship is not a proper one; and (9) any excuse for 

the acts or omissions of the parent. Holley, 544 S.W.2d at 371-72.

8 See In re R.R., 209 S.W.3d 112, 116 (Tex. 2006) (per curiam) (citing Family Code section 263.307

[“Factors in Determining Best Interest of Child”] and Holley as providing factors for consideration “when 

determining whether termination of parental rights is in the best interest of the child” and also referencing 

Family Code section 153.131(b) which provides “a strong presumption that the best interest of a child is 

served by keeping the child with a parent.”).
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The Department’s goal was for E.D.S. to be adopted by a blood relative. Whether 

viewed in the light most favorable to the district court’s order (legal sufficiency) or in a 

neutral light (factual sufficiency), the evidence demonstrates remarkable instability in 

Father’s life and of Father’s inability to provide a safe, drug-free home environment. The 

evidence shows Father’s unbroken history of drug use, choices that exposed E.D.S. to 

methamphetamine, cycle of domestic violence, unstable housing and employment, failure 

to work court-ordered services, endangering conduct, prior removal and termination of 

parental rights to two other children, constructive abandonment of E.D.S., and lack of any 

meaningful plan for nurturing and caring for E.D.S. All of this solidly supports the district 

court’s best-interest determination. Moreover, the district court was empowered to reject 

Father’s myriad excuses and blame-shifting. We conclude the evidence supporting the 

finding that termination of Father’s parental rights was in the best interest of E.D.S. was 

both legally and factually sufficient. Father’s issue is overruled.

Conclusion

The final order of the referring district court is affirmed. 

Lawrence M. Doss

 Justice