HOUSEHOLD DATA
     ANNUAL AVERAGES
     
     Table 45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by occupation
     and industry

     (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                1999                                   
                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                     Workers paid hourly rates                         
                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                       
                    Occupation and industry                                                              Total at or below prevailing  
                                                                              Below          At              Federal minimum wage      
                                                                            prevailing    prevailing                                   
                                                                Total        Federal       Federal                                     
                                                                             minimum       minimum                       Percent of    
                                                                               wage          wage         Number    hourly-paid workers
                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                       
                           OCCUPATION                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                       
     Managerial and professional specialty.................     10,078            91            37           129             1.3       
       Executive, administrative, and managerial...........      4,260            33            17            50             1.2       
       Professional specialty..............................      5,818            58            21            79             1.4       
                                                                                                                                       
     Technical, sales, and administrative support..........     22,763           333           361           694             3.1       
       Technicians and related support.....................      2,750            17            10            27             1.0       
       Sales occupations...................................      7,445           186           231           417             5.6       
       Administrative support, including clerical..........     12,568           130           120           251             2.0       
                                                                                                                                       
     Service occupations...................................     13,438         1,424           470         1,894            14.1       
       Private household...................................        425           145            11           156            36.8       
       Protective service..................................      1,574            19            14            33             2.1       
       Service, except private household and protective....     11,440         1,260           445         1,705            14.9       
         Food service workers..............................      5,451         1,047           253         1,299            23.8       
         Health service workers............................      2,213            52            40            92             4.2       
         Cleaning and building service workers.............      2,370            84            79           163             6.9       
         Personal service workers..........................      1,406            77            73           150            10.7       
                                                                                                                                       
     Precision production, craft, and repair...............      9,781            51            14            64              .7       
                                                                                                                                       
     Operators, fabricators, and laborers..................     14,882           245           198           444             3.0       
       Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors.......      6,577            75            57           132             2.0       
       Transportation and material moving occupations......      3,567            44            27            71             2.0       
       Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.      4,737           126           115           241             5.1       
                                                                                                                                       
     Farming, forestry, and fishing........................      1,364            50            65           114             8.4       
                                                                                                                                       
                            INDUSTRY                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                       
     Private wage and salary workers.......................     63,557         2,080         1,028         3,109             4.9       
         Agriculture.......................................      1,156            36            54            90             7.8       
         Nonagriculture industries.........................     62,401         2,045           974         3,019             4.8       
           Mining..........................................        322             4             2             6             1.9       
           Construction....................................      4,687            42            10            52             1.1       
                                                                                                                                       
           Manufacturing...................................     13,000            98            63           160             1.2       
             Durable goods.................................      8,023            42            21            63              .8       
             Nondurable goods..............................      4,976            55            42            97             2.0       
                                                                                                                                       
           Transportation and public utilities.............      4,122            30            22            53             1.3       
             Transportation................................      2,604            25            17            42             1.6       
             Communication and public utilities............      1,518             5             5            11              .7       
                                                                                                                                       
           Wholesale and retail trade......................     17,859         1,276           540         1,817            10.2       
             Wholesale trade...............................      2,396            29            15            44             1.9       
             Retail trade..................................     15,463         1,247           525         1,772            11.5       
               Eating and drinking places..................      5,209         1,008           268         1,276            24.5       
                                                                                                                                       
           Finance, insurance, and real estate.............      3,001            38             8            47             1.6       
           Services........................................     19,410           557           328           885             4.6       
             Private households............................        487           152            11           163            33.5       
             Other service industries......................     18,922           405           317           722             3.8       
               Personal services, except private households      1,860           106            47           153             8.2       
               Entertainment and recreation services.......      1,310            67            55           122             9.3       
                                                                                                                                       
     Government workers....................................      8,749           113           117           231             2.6       
       Federal.............................................      1,829            13             9            22             1.2       
       State...............................................      2,124            25            50            75             3.5       
       Local...............................................      4,796            75            58           133             2.8       

          NOTE:  The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $5.15 per hour in 1999. Data are for wage and salary workers, excluding the
     incorporated self-employed. They refer to a person's earnings on their sole or principal job, and pertain only to workers who are
     paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other nonhourly workers are not included. The presence of workers with hourly earnings
     below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exceptions to the
     minimum wage provisions of the law. In addition, some survey respondents might have rounded hourly earnings to the nearest dollar,
     and, as a result, reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage even though they earned the minimum wage or higher.