Table 64. Education of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer

Expenditure Survey, 2008

(Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated)

Item Aggregate

Less than college graduate College graduate

Total

Less

than

high

school

graduate

High

school

graduate

High

school

graduate

with

some

college

Associate’s

degree Total Bachelor’sdegree

Master’s,

professional,

doctoral

degree

Number of consumer units (in thousands) ...... 120,770 85,845 17,600 30,761 26,386 11,097 34,925 22,428 12,498 

Percent distribution of consumer units ........... 100.0 71.1 14.6 25.5 21.8 9.2 28.9 18.6 10.3 

Consumer unit characteristics (mean values):

Income before taxes .................................... $63,563 $49,375 $32,909 $48,364 $55,403 $63,964 $98,434 $88,888 $115,564 

Income after taxes ....................................... 61,774 48,666 32,956 47,903 54,385 62,098 93,991 85,575 109,095 

Age of reference person ............................... 49.1 49.6 54.1 51.4 45.0 48.2 47.8 46.5 50.2 

Average number in consumer unit:

Persons ...................................................... 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 

Children under 18 ....................................... .6 .6 .7 .6 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 

Persons 65 and older ................................. .3 .3 .5 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 

Earners ....................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 

Vehicles ...................................................... 2.0 1.9 1.5 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 

Percent distribution:

Sex of reference person:

Male ............................................................ 47 45 45 45 46 42 51 51 52 

Female ........................................................ 53 55 55 55 54 58 49 49 48 

Housing tenure:

Homeowner ................................................ 66 62 53 66 59 70 78 75 81 

With mortgage .......................................... 42 36 23 37 39 48 57 56 59 

Without mortgage ..................................... 24 26 30 30 20 21 20 19 22 

Renter ......................................................... 34 38 47 34 41 30 22 25 19 

Race of reference person:

Black or African-American .......................... 12 14 19 14 13 11 8 8 8 

White, Asian, and all other races ................ 88 86 81 86 87 89 92 92 92 

Hispanic or Latino origin of reference

person:

Hispanic or Latino ....................................... 12 14 29 12 9 9 5 6 4 

Not Hispanic or Latino ................................ 88 86 71 88 91 91 95 94 96 

Education of reference person:

Elementary (1-8) ......................................... 5 7 32 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

High school (9-12) ...................................... 35 49 66 100 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

College ....................................................... 60 44 n.a. n.a. 100 100 100 100 100 

Never attended and other ........................... 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

At least one vehicle owned or leased ........... 89 86 76 89 88 93 94 94 94 

Annual aggregate expenditures ...................... $6,094,697 59.4 8.4 20.8 20.6 9.6 40.6 24.4 16.1 

Food ............................................................. 776,825 63.8 9.7 23.0 21.4 9.7 36.2 22.7 13.5 

Food at home ............................................. 451,454 67.0 11.4 24.7 21.4 9.5 33.0 21.0 12.0 

Cereals and bakery products .................... 61,119 67.0 11.4 25.1 21.1 9.4 33.0 21.1 11.9 

Cereals and cereal products ................... 20,448 67.4 12.6 25.8 19.5 9.5 32.6 20.8 11.8 

Bakery products ...................................... 40,671 66.8 10.8 24.8 21.9 9.3 33.2 21.3 11.9 

Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................... 102,033 70.0 13.2 26.3 21.1 9.4 30.0 19.4 10.5 

Beef ........................................................ 28,799 71.3 13.3 26.8 21.7 9.6 28.7 19.6 9.1 

Pork ........................................................ 19,649 73.6 14.9 28.0 21.2 9.5 26.4 17.4 9.0 

Other meats ............................................ 12,837 69.5 12.5 26.1 21.1 9.8 30.5 19.3 11.1 

Poultry .................................................... 19,175 69.3 13.1 26.1 20.2 9.9 30.7 19.8 10.9 

Fish and seafood .................................... 15,417 64.6 10.7 24.2 21.3 8.4 35.4 21.5 13.9 

Eggs ....................................................... 6,156 70.1 15.3 25.6 20.2 9.0 29.9 19.2 10.7 

Dairy products .......................................... 51,786 66.0 11.0 23.8 21.1 10.0 34.0 21.5 12.4 

Fresh milk and cream ............................. 20,269 68.4 13.2 24.7 20.5 9.9 31.6 20.8 10.8 

Other dairy products ............................... 31,518 64.5 9.6 23.3 21.5 10.1 35.5 22.0 13.5 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 64. Education of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer

Expenditure Survey, 2008 — Continued

(Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated)

Item Aggregate

Less than college graduate College graduate

Total

Less

than

high

school

graduate

High

school

graduate

High

school

graduate

with

some

college

Associate’s

degree Total Bachelor’sdegree

Master’s,

professional,

doctoral

degree

Fruits and vegetables ............................... $79,194 64.5 11.2 23.2 20.7 9.4 35.5 22.3 13.3 

Fresh fruits .............................................. 26,756 62.7 10.9 21.7 20.3 9.7 37.3 23.3 14.1 

Fresh vegetables .................................... 25,542 63.5 11.4 23.0 20.2 8.8 36.5 23.0 13.5 

Processed fruits ...................................... 14,032 65.2 10.6 23.1 21.8 9.8 34.8 21.8 13.0 

Processed vegetables ............................ 12,864 69.5 12.1 26.8 21.3 9.4 30.5 19.2 11.3 

Other food at home ................................... 157,321 66.7 10.4 24.6 22.2 9.6 33.3 21.1 12.2 

Sugar and other sweets .......................... 15,580 65.4 10.9 24.4 20.8 9.3 34.6 23.0 11.6 

Fats and oils ........................................... 12,595 70.8 13.2 26.4 21.6 9.5 29.2 18.9 10.3 

Miscellaneous foods ............................... 81,963 66.0 9.5 24.2 22.7 9.5 34.0 21.2 12.8 

Nonalcoholic beverages ......................... 41,289 69.7 11.9 26.0 22.0 9.8 30.3 19.8 10.4 

Food prepared by consumer unit on

out-of-town trips .................................... 5,894 51.0 4.7 16.2 21.2 8.9 49.0 27.5 21.5 

Food away from home ................................ 325,371 59.4 7.5 20.5 21.4 10.0 40.6 25.0 15.6 

Alcoholic beverages ..................................... 53,558 55.0 4.9 19.5 21.1 9.4 45.0 28.2 16.8 

Housing ........................................................ 2,065,912 59.1 9.3 20.3 20.2 9.4 40.9 24.5 16.4 

Shelter ........................................................ 1,229,818 57.2 8.8 19.1 20.1 9.3 42.8 25.6 17.2 

Owned dwellings ...................................... 816,456 52.7 6.4 17.7 18.9 9.8 47.3 28.1 19.1 

Mortgage interest and charges ............... 462,120 51.9 6.2 16.5 18.9 10.3 48.1 29.6 18.5 

Property taxes ........................................ 212,347 52.6 6.5 19.3 17.9 9.0 47.4 27.9 19.4 

Maintenance, repairs, insurance, other

expenses .............................................. 141,988 55.7 7.3 19.1 20.0 9.2 44.3 23.8 20.5 

Rented dwellings ...................................... 329,033 72.5 16.1 23.8 23.9 8.8 27.5 17.9 9.6 

Other lodging ............................................ 84,330 41.0 2.7 14.3 17.0 7.0 59.0 31.0 28.0 

Utilities, fuels, and public services .............. 440,720 67.3 12.3 24.7 20.6 9.7 32.7 20.4 12.2 

Natural gas ............................................... 64,158 63.5 11.4 23.9 19.7 8.4 36.5 22.6 13.8 

Electricity .................................................. 163,444 69.0 13.4 25.6 20.6 9.4 31.0 19.4 11.6 

Fuel oil and other fuels ............................. 23,163 67.9 11.0 25.4 17.2 14.2 32.1 19.7 12.4 

Telephone services .................................. 136,089 67.5 12.0 24.3 21.4 9.9 32.5 20.4 12.1 

Water and other public services ............... 53,865 66.1 11.5 23.5 21.4 9.7 33.9 21.2 12.7 

Household operations ................................. 120,468 49.9 5.3 17.4 18.4 8.8 50.1 27.1 22.9 

Personal services ..................................... 46,280 48.1 5.1 17.7 17.4 7.9 51.9 28.0 23.9 

Other household expenses ....................... 74,189 51.1 5.5 17.2 19.0 9.4 48.9 26.6 22.3 

Housekeeping supplies .............................. 78,880 63.5 11.6 22.2 20.5 9.2 36.5 22.5 14.0 

Laundry and cleaning supplies ................. 17,821 70.0 15.6 23.8 21.1 9.5 30.0 19.0 11.0 

Other household products ........................ 42,224 63.8 11.8 22.4 20.3 9.3 36.2 22.8 13.4 

Postage and stationery ............................. 18,834 56.9 7.7 20.1 20.4 8.7 43.1 25.0 18.1 

Household furnishings and equipment ....... 196,026 56.0 7.0 18.7 20.6 9.8 44.0 25.8 18.1 

Household textiles .................................... 15,234 55.0 6.4 15.3 26.6 6.8 45.0 23.3 21.7 

Furniture ................................................... 46,812 55.4 7.4 19.4 19.4 9.2 44.6 24.5 20.1 

Floor coverings ......................................... 5,383 55.2 10.3 21.0 16.0 7.9 44.8 26.4 18.4 

Major appliances ...................................... 24,651 61.4 8.1 24.4 18.9 10.0 38.6 23.1 15.5 

Small appliances, miscellaneous

housewares ............................................ 13,616 55.0 9.3 17.4 19.2 9.1 45.0 26.0 19.1 

Miscellaneous household equipment ....... 90,330 55.3 6.0 17.3 21.1 10.9 44.7 27.7 17.0 

Apparel and services .................................... 217,176 60.1 9.6 19.8 21.7 9.0 39.9 25.6 14.3 

Men and boys ............................................. 51,483 58.4 8.6 19.1 21.2 9.5 41.6 27.8 13.7 

Men, 16 and over ...................................... 41,502 56.4 7.9 18.0 21.5 9.0 43.6 29.1 14.4 

Boys, 2 to 15 ............................................. 9,981 66.9 11.6 23.8 20.1 11.4 33.1 22.3 10.8 

Women and girls ......................................... 86,595 61.0 8.9 19.5 23.7 8.9 39.0 25.1 14.0 

Women, 16 and over ................................ 71,960 60.0 8.7 19.3 23.6 8.4 40.0 25.8 14.2 

Girls, 2 to 15 ............................................. 14,635 65.6 9.8 20.5 24.0 11.3 34.4 21.5 12.9 

Children under 2 ......................................... 11,185 64.5 14.8 21.9 18.8 9.0 35.5 22.5 13.0 

Footwear ..................................................... 37,909 63.4 11.8 22.5 20.6 8.5 36.6 24.8 11.8 

Other apparel products and services .......... 30,004 54.9 8.5 18.1 19.1 9.2 45.1 25.4 19.7 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 64. Education of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer

Expenditure Survey, 2008 — Continued

(Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated)

Item Aggregate

Less than college graduate College graduate

Total

Less

than

high

school

graduate

High

school

graduate

High

school

graduate

with

some

college

Associate’s

degree Total Bachelor’sdegree

Master’s,

professional,

doctoral

degree

Transportation .............................................. $1,038,811 63.7 8.8 23.0 21.3 10.6 36.3 22.2 14.1 

Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................... 332,698 63.3 8.2 22.8 21.0 11.3 36.7 23.0 13.8 

Cars and trucks, new ................................ 157,600 52.5 4.7 17.1 19.9 10.9 47.5 27.4 20.1 

Cars and trucks, used ............................... 158,872 72.2 11.4 27.8 21.1 11.8 27.8 19.6 8.3 

Other vehicles ........................................... 16,225 80.3 210.8 27.9 31.1 10.6 19.7 13.3 26.4 

Gasoline and motor oil ................................ 327,872 67.7 10.8 24.6 21.8 10.5 32.3 20.6 11.7 

Other vehicle expenses .............................. 316,280 64.6 8.2 23.8 22.2 10.5 35.4 21.5 13.9 

Vehicle finance charges ........................... 37,717 70.3 8.1 26.9 23.6 11.8 29.7 19.8 9.8 

Maintenance and repairs .......................... 88,214 62.4 8.3 21.9 22.1 10.1 37.6 23.4 14.3 

Vehicle insurance ..................................... 134,230 68.7 9.4 26.1 22.8 10.4 31.3 18.8 12.5 

Vehicle rental, leases, licenses, and other

charges ................................................... 56,120 54.5 5.2 19.3 19.8 10.1 45.5 26.0 19.6 

Public transportation ................................... 61,961 40.8 5.2 12.6 15.6 7.5 59.2 29.7 29.5 

Healthcare .................................................... 359,365 63.5 9.8 23.4 20.5 9.7 36.5 21.7 14.8 

Health insurance ......................................... 199,678 64.4 10.6 24.3 19.7 9.8 35.6 21.3 14.3 

Medical services ......................................... 87,755 59.2 7.2 20.2 21.7 10.1 40.8 23.9 17.0 

Drugs .......................................................... 58,197 67.5 11.4 25.9 21.4 8.8 32.5 19.5 13.0 

Medical supplies ......................................... 13,734 59.9 7.2 21.6 21.0 10.1 40.1 24.0 16.1 

Entertainment ............................................... 342,185 57.0 6.6 19.3 21.0 10.1 43.0 26.6 16.4 

Fees and admissions .................................. 74,337 43.4 3.0 12.4 18.7 9.3 56.6 31.8 24.8 

Audio and visual equipment and services .. 125,111 64.3 9.0 23.4 21.3 10.7 35.7 22.4 13.3 

Pets, toys, hobbies, and playground

equipment ................................................. 84,872 56.6 7.9 18.0 20.4 10.4 43.4 28.1 15.3 

Other entertainment supplies, equipment,

and services ............................................. 57,865 59.2 4.2 21.6 24.2 9.2 40.8 26.9 13.9 

Personal care products and services ........... 74,300 58.4 7.4 20.3 21.1 9.7 41.6 26.1 15.5 

Reading ........................................................ 14,030 50.2 5.4 16.6 18.9 9.3 49.8 26.8 23.0 

Education ...................................................... 126,275 40.9 2.0 10.2 21.2 7.5 59.1 33.6 25.5 

Tobacco products and smoking supplies ..... 38,244 85.1 17.7 34.3 22.9 10.2 14.9 10.8 4.2 

Miscellaneous ............................................... 101,374 57.2 5.0 22.4 20.9 8.9 42.8 27.7 15.2 

Cash contributions ........................................ 209,721 53.3 6.5 18.7 19.5 8.7 46.7 25.4 21.3 

Personal insurance and pensions ................ 676,923 52.7 5.8 18.3 19.3 9.4 47.3 27.3 19.9 

Life and other personal insurance .............. 38,264 54.7 6.5 19.1 18.7 10.4 45.3 26.7 18.6 

Pensions and Social Security ..................... 638,659 52.6 5.8 18.2 19.3 9.3 47.4 27.3 20.0 

Sources of income and personal taxes:

Money income before taxes ......................... 7,676,460 55.2 7.5 19.4 19.0 9.2 44.8 26.0 18.8 

Wages and salaries .................................... 6,160,177 53.7 6.4 18.7 19.3 9.4 46.3 27.4 18.8 

Self-employment income ............................ 388,778 51.3 8.2 15.5 18.4 9.1 48.7 23.3 25.4 

Social Security, private and government

retirement ................................................. 794,300 68.3 14.6 27.0 18.1 8.5 31.7 16.0 15.7 

Interest, dividends, rental income, other

property income ........................................ 182,259 42.0 4.7 14.9 13.6 8.8 58.0 32.1 25.9 

Unemployment and workers’

compensation, veterans’ benefits ............. 27,198 80.3 13.7 35.4 21.5 9.6 19.7 13.1 6.6 

Public assistance, supplemental security

income, food stamps ................................ 44,800 89.9 37.8 26.5 19.3 6.3 10.1 6.5 3.5 

Regular contributions for support ............... 53,864 57.8 7.1 13.2 26.6 10.9 42.2 25.8 16.4 

Other income .............................................. 25,084 66.2 11.9 21.5 26.0 6.8 33.8 24.9 8.9 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 64. Education of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer

Expenditure Survey, 2008 — Continued

(Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated)

Item Aggregate

Less than college graduate College graduate

Total

Less

than

high

school

graduate

High

school

graduate

High

school

graduate

with

some

college

Associate’s

degree Total Bachelor’sdegree

Master’s,

professional,

doctoral

degree

Personal taxes .............................................. $216,057 28.2 -.4 6.6 12.4 9.6 71.8 34.4 37.4 

Federal income taxes ................................. 219,443 38.0 2.3 11.2 14.9 9.6 62.0 31.0 31.0 

2008 Tax stimulus (new UCC Q20082) ...... -94,645 69.7 10.7 25.7 22.9 10.4 30.3 20.4 9.9 

State and local income taxes ...................... 65,485 44.6 4.1 13.3 17.2 10.1 55.4 29.3 26.0 

Other taxes ................................................. 25,774 55.4 6.0 20.4 18.2 10.8 44.6 24.7 20.0 

Income after taxes ........................................ 7,460,402 56.0 7.8 19.8 19.2 9.2 44.0 25.7 18.3 

1 Value less than or equal to 0.5. 2 Data are likely to have large sampling errors.