HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                      
ANNUAL AVERAGES

42. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry

(Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                     1996                                    1997                 
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
                                                              Members of     Represented              Members of     Represented  
                                                              unions(1)       by unions(2)            unions(1)       by unions(2)
             Occupation and industry                Total                                   Total                                 
                                                     em-                                     em-                                  
                                                    ployed         Percent         Percent  ployed         Percent         Percent
                                                            Total     of    Total     of            Total     of    Total     of  
                                                                     em-             em-                     em-             em-  
                                                                    ployed          ployed                  ployed          ployed
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
                    OCCUPATION                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Managerial and professional specialty.............  30,942   4,196   13.6    4,977   16.1   31,946   4,208   13.2    4,951   15.5 
  Executive, administrative, and managerial.......  14,263     785    5.5    1,005    7.0   14,908     763    5.1      959    6.4 
  Professional specialty..........................  16,679   3,410   20.4    3,972   23.8   17,037   3,445   20.2    3,992   23.4 
                                                                                                                                  
Technical, sales, and administrative support......  34,187   3,231    9.5    3,742   10.9   34,796   3,158    9.1    3,648   10.5 
  Technicians and related support.................   3,828     409   10.7      492   12.8    4,111     427   10.4      501   12.2 
  Sales occupations...............................  12,658     541    4.3      616    4.9   13,055     559    4.3      659    5.0 
  Administrative support, including clerical......  17,701   2,281   12.9    2,634   14.9   17,631   2,172   12.3    2,488   14.1 
                                                                                                                                  
Service occupations...............................  15,897   2,103   13.2    2,331   14.7   16,204   2,141   13.2    2,356   14.5 
  Protective service..............................   2,154     852   39.5      909   42.2    2,248     897   39.9      965   42.9 
  Service, except protective service..............  13,743   1,251    9.1    1,421   10.3   13,956   1,244    8.9    1,391   10.0 
                                                                                                                                  
Precision production, craft, and repair...........  11,615   2,648   22.8    2,804   24.1   12,069   2,723   22.6    2,864   23.7 
                                                                                                                                  
Operators, fabricators, and laborers..............  17,428   4,000   23.0    4,201   24.1   17,629   3,791   21.5    4,008   22.7 
  Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors...   7,584   1,752   23.1    1,838   24.2    7,717   1,690   21.9    1,764   22.9 
  Transportation and material moving occupations..   4,862   1,243   25.6    1,313   27.0    4,931   1,199   24.3    1,279   25.9 
  Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and                                                                                      
     laborers.....................................   4,981   1,005   20.2    1,050   21.1    4,981     901   18.1      964   19.4 
                                                                                                                                  
Farming, forestry, and fishing....................   1,892      92    4.9      104    5.5    1,890      88    4.6       97    5.1 
                                                                                                                                  
                     INDUSTRY                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                  
Agricultural wage and salary workers..............   1,710      32    1.9       37    2.2    1,690      36    2.1       40    2.4 
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers...  92,059   9,385   10.2   10,293   11.2   94,705   9,327    9.8   10,215   10.8 
  Mining..........................................     538      76   14.1       81   15.0      607      84   13.9       87   14.3 
  Construction....................................   5,387     994   18.5    1,033   19.2    5,739   1,067   18.6    1,118   19.5 
                                                                                                                                  
  Manufacturing...................................  19,653   3,387   17.2    3,603   18.3   19,961   3,253   16.3    3,441   17.2 
    Durable goods.................................  11,642   2,157   18.5    2,282   19.6   11,908   2,090   17.5    2,198   18.5 
    Nondurable goods..............................   8,011   1,230   15.4    1,320   16.5    8,053   1,164   14.5    1,243   15.4 
                                                                                                                                  
  Transportation and public utilities.............   6,623   1,757   26.5    1,873   28.3    6,949   1,804   26.0    1,909   27.5 
    Transportation................................   4,006   1,080   27.0    1,136   28.4    4,212   1,118   26.5    1,177   27.9 
    Communications and public utilities...........   2,617     677   25.9      737   28.2    2,737     686   25.1      731   26.7 
                                                                                                                                  
  Wholesale and retail trade......................  23,638   1,331    5.6    1,471    6.2   23,676   1,315    5.6    1,469    6.2 
    Wholesale trade...............................   4,357     271    6.2      292    6.7    4,296     251    5.8      284    6.6 
    Retail trade..................................  19,280   1,059    5.5    1,179    6.1   19,379   1,065    5.5    1,186    6.1 
                                                                                                                                  
  Finance, insurance, and real estate.............   6,863     168    2.4      210    3.1    7,070     155    2.2      199    2.8 
  Services........................................  29,357   1,672    5.7    2,024    6.9   30,704   1,647    5.4    1,993    6.5 
                                                                                                                                  
Government workers................................  18,210   6,854   37.6    7,830   43.0   18,147   6,747   37.2    7,668   42.3 
  Federal.........................................   3,284   1,040   31.7    1,277   38.9    3,217   1,030   32.0    1,266   39.4 
  State...........................................   5,132   1,566   30.5    1,810   35.3    5,031   1,485   29.5    1,679   33.4 
  Local...........................................   9,795   4,249   43.4    4,743   48.4    9,899   4,232   42.7    4,723   47.7 

  1 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
  2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union as well as workers who report no union
affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
     NOTE:    Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers.  Excluded are self-employed workers whose
businesses are incorporated although they technically qualify as wage and salary workers.  Beginning in January 1997, data relect
revised population controls used in the household survey.