Table 2602. Generation of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer 

Expenditure Surveys, 2022

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated)

Item Aggregate

Birth year

of 1997

or later

Birth year

from 1981

to 1996

Birth year

from 1965

to 1980

Birth year

from 1946

to 1964

Birth year

of 1945

or earlier

Number of consumer units (in thousands)1....................................................... 134,090 7,328 34,931 36,173 43,470 12,188 

Percent distribution of consumer units .............................................................. 100.0 5.5 26.1 27.0 32.4 9.1 

Consumer unit characteristics (mean values):

 Income before taxes....................................................................................... $94,003 $52,225 $100,315 $126,892 $81,827 $46,855 

 Income after taxes.......................................................................................... 83,195 49,618 89,641 108,615 73,086 45,519 

 Age of reference person................................................................................. 52.1 22.4 33.4 49.1 66.1 82.5 

 Average number in consumer unit:

 People ......................................................................................................... 2.4 2.1 2.9 3.0 1.9 1.5 

 Children under 18 ....................................................................................... .6 .3 1.1 .8 .1 ( 2 ) 

 Adults 65 and older..................................................................................... .4 ( 2 ) ( 3 ) .1 .9 1.3 

 Earners........................................................................................................ 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.0 .2 

 Vehicles....................................................................................................... 1.9 1.2 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.4 

Percent distribution:

 Reference person:

 Men ............................................................................................................. 49 53 51 49 48 43 

 Women........................................................................................................ 51 47 49 51 52 57 

 Housing tenure:

 Homeowner................................................................................................. 65 19 51 70 77 77 

 With mortgage.......................................................................................... 38 12 42 51 35 16 

 Without mortgage .................................................................................... 27 7 9 19 42 61 

 Renter.......................................................................................................... 35 81 49 30 23 23 

 Race of reference person:

 Black or African-American .......................................................................... 13 11 14 15 13 7 

 White, Asian, and all other races, not including Black or

 African-American ..................................................................................... 87 89 86 85 87 93 

 Hispanic or Latino origin of reference person:

 Hispanic or Latino ....................................................................................... 15 22 20 17 9 6 

 Not Hispanic or Latino................................................................................. 85 78 80 83 91 94 

 Education of reference person:

 Elementary (1-8) ......................................................................................... 3 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 3 2 4 

 High school (9-12)....................................................................................... 28 38 24 24 31 35 

 College ........................................................................................................ 69 61 74 73 67 60 

 Never attended and other ........................................................................... ( 3 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

 At least one vehicle owned or leased ............................................................ 89 74 90 92 90 84 

Annual aggregate expenditures ........................................................................ $9,782,862 3.6 26.9 33.7 29.3 6.5 

 Food ............................................................................................................... 1,251,954 3.7 28.1 33.1 29.5 5.5 

 Food at home.............................................................................................. 764,242 3.5 27.7 31.9 30.7 6.3 

 Cereals and bakery products................................................................... 95,405 3.3 27.5 32.4 30.1 6.7 

 Cereals and cereal products ................................................................ 28,807 3.6 30.3 33.1 27.7 5.3 

 Bakery products.................................................................................... 66,598 3.1 26.3 32.1 31.2 7.4 

 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs.................................................................. 162,883 3.8 27.5 30.7 32.1 5.9 

 Beef....................................................................................................... 42,539 3.1 26.9 29.6 35.0 5.4 

 Pork....................................................................................................... 33,024 ( 2 ) 26.6 30.4 31.7 5.7 

 Other meats .......................................................................................... 22,444 2.9 26.5 32.2 32.4 5.9 

 Poultry................................................................................................... 28,755 3.9 29.9 32.8 28.2 5.3 

 Fish and seafood .................................................................................. 24,469 3.1 26.4 29.0 33.8 7.7 

 Eggs...................................................................................................... 11,652 4.4 30.3 30.8 28.1 6.3 

 Dairy products.......................................................................................... 71,295 3.5 27.0 31.9 30.7 7.0 

 Fresh milk and cream........................................................................... 22,541 3.8 27.8 32.7 29.0 6.6 

 Other dairy products ............................................................................. 48,754 3.3 26.6 31.5 31.4 7.2 

 Fruits and vegetables .............................................................................. 147,321 3.5 28.5 31.5 30.0 6.5 

 Fresh fruits............................................................................................ 54,448 3.4 28.1 31.4 30.2 6.9 

 Fresh vegetables .................................................................................. 47,210 3.5 29.0 31.0 30.4 6.0 

 Processed fruits.................................................................................... 19,288 3.4 28.0 32.5 28.4 7.7 

 Processed vegetables .......................................................................... 26,375 3.7 28.4 32.0 30.0 5.8 

 Other food at home.................................................................................. 287,338 3.3 27.7 32.5 30.4 6.1 

 Sugar and other sweets........................................................................ 26,427 2.4 26.5 31.8 31.6 7.8 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2602. Generation of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer 

Expenditure Surveys, 2022 — Continued

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated)

Item Aggregate

Birth year

of 1997

or later

Birth year

from 1981

to 1996

Birth year

from 1965

to 1980

Birth year

from 1946

to 1964

Birth year

of 1945

or earlier

 Fats and oils ......................................................................................... 21,038 3.0 28.7 32.9 29.1 6.2 

 Miscellaneous foods ............................................................................. 149,686 3.6 28.0 32.6 29.6 6.2 

 Nonalcoholic beverages ....................................................................... 78,246 3.3 27.6 32.4 31.3 5.4 

 Food prepared by consumer unit on out of town trips.......................... 11,941 2.2 25.1 33.7 34.4 ( 2 ) 

 Food away from home ................................................................................ 487,712 4.2 28.7 35.1 27.6 4.3 

 Alcoholic beverages ....................................................................................... 78,159 4.0 30.0 29.6 32.1 4.3 

 Housing .......................................................................................................... 3,258,013 3.9 28.2 31.6 29.2 7.0 

 Shelter......................................................................................................... 1,945,236 4.5 29.1 31.6 27.9 7.0 

 Owned dwellings...................................................................................... 1,103,524 1.2 24.3 34.5 32.9 7.1 

 Mortgage interest and charges............................................................. 415,786 1.4 31.5 39.3 25.0 2.7 

 Property taxes....................................................................................... 344,551 1.1 20.6 33.5 36.2 8.5 

 Maintenance, repairs, insurance, and other expenses ........................ 343,187 .9 19.2 29.7 39.1 11.1 

 Rented dwellings ..................................................................................... 669,166 10.4 39.6 25.0 17.9 7.0 

 Other lodging ........................................................................................... 172,546 ( 2 ) 18.6 38.0 34.4 6.0 

 Utilities, fuels, and public services .............................................................. 609,999 3.2 24.4 31.8 32.7 7.9 

 Natural gas............................................................................................... 71,739 2.6 22.7 31.4 34.6 8.7 

 Electricity.................................................................................................. 225,710 3.4 25.0 30.9 32.9 7.8 

 Fuel oil and other fuels ............................................................................ 21,506 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 25.6 38.3 13.9 

 Telephone services.................................................................................. 191,929 3.5 25.4 34.0 30.8 6.3 

 Residential phone service, VOIP, and phone cards ............................ 19,716 ( 2 ) 8.7 22.6 46.7 21.2 

 Cellular phone service.......................................................................... 172,214 3.8 27.3 35.4 29.0 4.6 

 Water and other public services .............................................................. 99,115 2.7 23.3 31.4 33.3 9.2 

 Household operations ................................................................................. 247,981 2.5 35.0 27.9 26.3 8.2 

 Personal services .................................................................................... 65,450 ( 2 ) 67.7 21.3 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

 Other household expenses...................................................................... 182,531 2.7 23.3 30.3 34.0 9.7 

 Housekeeping supplies............................................................................... 105,461 2.4 25.4 31.2 33.1 8.0 

 Laundry and cleaning supplies ................................................................ 22,757 2.1 25.6 33.4 30.8 8.0 

 Other household products ....................................................................... 65,552 ( 2 ) 25.5 31.6 33.1 7.6 

 Postage and stationery ............................................................................ 17,151 ( 2 ) 24.4 26.6 36.0 9.3 

 Household furnishings and equipment ....................................................... 349,336 3.1 26.0 34.6 31.6 4.7 

 Household textiles ................................................................................... 18,516 ( 2 ) 20.0 39.0 29.9 ( 2 ) 

 Furniture................................................................................................... 100,050 3.1 26.9 36.7 29.5 3.8 

 Floor coverings ........................................................................................ 4,504 3.3 24.1 37.2 31.1 ( 2 ) 

 Major appliances...................................................................................... 54,687 2.6 26.0 32.3 33.9 5.3 

 Small appliances and miscellaneous housewares.................................. 19,045 4.1 26.5 29.1 35.6 4.7 

 Miscellaneous household equipment ...................................................... 152,534 3.2 26.1 34.1 31.9 4.7 

 Apparel and services...................................................................................... 260,599 3.5 33.3 35.7 24.4 3.2 

 Men and boys.............................................................................................. 60,825 3.7 30.3 40.5 23.2 2.3 

 Men, 16 and over..................................................................................... 46,479 4.7 25.3 39.3 27.7 3.0 

 Boys, 2 to 15............................................................................................ 14,346 ( 2 ) 46.4 44.3 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

 Women and girls ......................................................................................... 98,514 2.6 29.7 36.1 27.8 3.8 

 Women, 16 and over ............................................................................... 86,260 2.9 27.4 34.8 30.7 4.2 

 Girls, 2 to 15............................................................................................. 12,255 ( 2 ) 45.9 45.6 6.9 ( 2 ) 

 Children under 2.......................................................................................... 9,903 ( 2 ) 71.2 ( 2 ) 5.2 ( 2 ) 

 Footwear ..................................................................................................... 53,423 3.0 37.4 32.6 23.5 3.5 

 Other apparel products and services.......................................................... 37,934 ( 2 ) 31.8 36.2 23.7 3.1 

 Transportation ................................................................................................ 1,648,616 4.3 27.8 35.6 27.9 4.3 

 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................................... 602,859 5.0 27.9 37.8 25.7 3.5 

 Cars and trucks, new ............................................................................... 294,368 ( 2 ) 30.5 33.1 29.4 ( 2 ) 

 Cars and trucks, used.............................................................................. 300,222 6.2 25.5 42.1 22.5 3.7 

 Other vehicles .......................................................................................... 8,269 417.9 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 5 ) 

 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil............................................................ 418,327 4.4 28.7 34.6 28.3 4.0 

 Other vehicle expenses .............................................................................. 514,121 3.5 27.2 33.3 30.6 5.4 

 Vehicle finance charges........................................................................... 39,501 4.2 33.3 36.1 24.1 2.3 

 Maintenance and repairs ......................................................................... 155,554 2.6 25.2 32.9 33.8 5.5 

 Vehicle rental, leases, licenses, and other charges ................................ 105,564 3.1 29.1 31.9 31.1 4.8 

 Vehicle insurance .................................................................................... 213,503 4.3 26.7 33.7 29.1 6.2 

 Public and other transportation................................................................... 113,309 3.8 27.1 38.2 26.1 4.8 

 Healthcare ...................................................................................................... 784,461 1.5 18.5 29.4 39.4 11.3 

 Health insurance ......................................................................................... 515,341 1.3 18.7 27.6 40.2 12.2 

 Medical services.......................................................................................... 158,696 1.7 21.0 33.3 37.1 7.0 

 Drugs........................................................................................................... 82,408 ( 2 ) 14.5 ( 2 ) 38.1 13.2 

 Medical supplies.......................................................................................... 28,016 2.2 13.7 30.3 40.8 13.0 

 Entertainment................................................................................................. 463,625 3.4 26.7 33.6 31.4 4.8 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2602. Generation of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer 

Expenditure Surveys, 2022 — Continued

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated)

Item Aggregate

Birth year

of 1997

or later

Birth year

from 1981

to 1996

Birth year

from 1965

to 1980

Birth year

from 1946

to 1964

Birth year

of 1945

or earlier

 Fees and admissions .................................................................................. 111,620 2.6 27.6 40.5 25.6 3.8 

 Audio and visual equipment and services .................................................. 136,793 3.1 22.4 29.9 36.3 8.4 

 Pets, toys, hobbies, and playground equipment ........................................ 121,681 3.9 27.9 31.2 32.6 4.5 

 Pets.......................................................................................................... 99,286 ( 2 ) 26.2 31.2 34.0 4.4 

 Toys, hobbies, and playground equipment ............................................. 22,395 ( 2 ) 35.0 30.9 26.3 ( 2 ) 

 Other entertainment supplies, equipment, and services ............................ 93,530 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 34.2 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

 Personal care products and services............................................................. 116,121 3.8 27.8 32.5 29.9 6.0 

 Reading .......................................................................................................... 15,644 ( 2 ) 23.2 24.7 35.3 12.7 

 Education ....................................................................................................... 179,063 11.9 17.8 52.1 15.4 ( 2 ) 

 Tobacco products and smoking supplies....................................................... 49,790 3.3 24.0 33.5 35.7 3.5 

 Miscellaneous................................................................................................. 135,227 ( 2 ) 25.1 29.7 34.9 7.9 

 Cash contributions ......................................................................................... 369,374 ( 2 ) 12.0 26.5 35.5 ( 2 ) 

 Personal insurance and pensions.................................................................. 1,172,216 3.0 31.0 40.1 23.7 ( 2 ) 

 Life and other personal insurance .............................................................. 69,620 ( 2 ) 18.0 31.3 41.9 7.7 

 Pensions and Social Security ..................................................................... 1,102,596 3.1 31.8 40.7 22.6 ( 2 ) 

Sources of income and personal taxes:

 Income before taxes....................................................................................... $12,604,933 3.0 27.8 36.4 28.2 4.5 

 Wages and salaries .................................................................................... 9,818,116 3.5 32.8 40.8 21.8 1.2 

 Self-employment income ............................................................................ 863,769 ( 2 ) 21.7 42.6 31.1 2.4 

 Social Security, private and government retirement................................... 1,396,199 ( 2 ) 1.5 5.9 65.9 26.4 

 Interest, dividends, rental income, and other property income .................. 307,597 ( 2 ) 7.1 22.4 53.0 16.1 

 Public assistance, Supplemental Security Income, Supplementary

 Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)..................................................... 83,294 5.5 31.8 27.0 31.0 4.7 

 Unemployment and workers' compensation, veterans' benefits, and

 regular contributions for support.............................................................. 89,571 ( 2 ) 20.4 32.5 36.6 8.9 

 Other income............................................................................................... 46,387 ( 2 ) 25.6 ( 2 ) 22.4 ( 2 ) 

 Personal taxes (contains some imputed values) ........................................... 1,449,337 1.3 25.7 45.6 26.2 ( 2 ) 

 Federal income taxes.................................................................................. 1,068,402 .9 24.1 47.1 26.9 ( 2 ) 

 Stimulus payment (through Q20221).......................................................... ( 5 ) ( 5 ) ( 5 ) ( 5 ) ( 5 ) ( 5 ) 

 State and local income taxes...................................................................... 369,717 2.4 30.6 41.7 23.9 1.4 

 Other taxes.................................................................................................. 11,217 ( 2 ) 22.7 34.5 33.6 7.8 

 Income after taxes.......................................................................................... 11,155,596 3.3 28.1 35.2 28.5 5.0 

1

 Data are rounded to the nearest thousands.

2

 Data are suppressed due to the Relative Standard Error (RSE) being equal to or greater than 25 percent. See www.bls.gov/cex/tables-getting-started-guide.htm for more information.

3

 Value is too small to display.

4

 Data are likely to have large sampling errors.

5

 No data reported.

Source: Consumer Expenditure Surveys, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, September, 2023