Table 1904. Occupation of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Surveys, 2021 

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Wage and salary earners 

Item Aggregate 

Selfemployed 

workers 

Total 

wage and 

salary 

earners 

Managers 

and

professionals 

Technical, 

sales and 

clerical 

workers 

Service 

workers 

Construction 

workers and 

mechanics 

Operators, 

fabricators 

and

laborers 

Retired 

All other, 

including 

not

reporting 

Number of consumer units (in thousands)1......................... 133,595 9,473 79,292 34,052 19,316 15,842 3,597 6,485 29,130 15,700 

Percent distribution of consumer units ................................ 100.0 7.1 59.4 25.5 14.5 11.9 2.7 4.9 21.8 11.8 

Consumer unit characteristics (mean values): 

 Income before taxes......................................................... $87,432 $131,993 $104,703 $141,403 $83,259 $72,163 $80,374 $68,852 $46,074 $50,057 

 Income after taxes ............................................................ 78,743 110,663 92,751 119,573 77,034 68,956 75,504 66,421 45,924 49,631 

 Age of reference person .................................................. 51.8 50.5 44.7 45.0 44.1 44.4 42.9 46.3 73.8 48.2 

 Average number in consumer unit: 

 People ........................................................................... 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 1.7 2.8 

 Children under 18 ......................................................... .6 .7 .7 .7 .6 .7 .7 .7 .1 .9 

 Adults 65 and older ....................................................... .4 .3 .2 .1 .2 .2 .1 .2 1.3 .2 

 Earners .......................................................................... 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 .2 .6 

 Vehicles......................................................................... 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.6 

Percent distribution: 

 Reference person: 

 Men ............................................................................... 47 58 51 47 45 48 91 73 44 29 

 Women .......................................................................... 53 42 49 53 55 52 9 27 56 71 

 Housing tenure: 

 Homeowner ................................................................... 65 69 62 71 58 51 57 57 79 48 

 With mortgage ........................................................... 38 41 45 54 42 35 36 37 23 26 

 Without mortgage ...................................................... 27 28 17 17 17 16 21 20 56 22 

 Renter ........................................................................... 35 31 38 29 42 49 43 43 21 52 

 Race of reference person: 

 Black or African-American ............................................ 13 9 14 11 15 20 7 17 10 18 

 White, Asian, and all other races, not including 

 Black or African-American ......................................... 87 91 86 89 85 80 93 83 90 82 

 Hispanic or Latino origin of reference person: 

 Hispanic or Latino ......................................................... 15 16 17 10 15 25 30 29 7 19 

 Not Hispanic or Latino .................................................. 85 84 83 90 85 75 70 71 93 81 

 Education of reference person: 

 Elementary (1-8) ........................................................... 3 3 2 ( 2 ) 1 3 7 5 4 6 

 High school (9-12)......................................................... 28 23 23 8 27 37 46 49 33 47 

 College .......................................................................... 69 73 75 92 72 59 47 44 63 47 

 Never attended and other ............................................. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 

 At least one vehicle owned or leased .............................. 89 92 92 94 91 89 93 93 89 77 

Annual aggregate expenditures .......................................... $8,937,383 9.1 64.8 34.7 13.5 10.4 2.4 3.9 16.7 9.4 

 Food ................................................................................. 1,105,178 7.1 64.2 32.4 14.1 11.4 2.3 3.9 17.7 11.1 

 Food at home ................................................................ 701,087 6.8 61.4 30.2 13.5 11.3 2.5 4.0 19.5 12.3 

 Cereals and bakery products..................................... 89,592 6.5 61.4 30.2 13.5 10.6 2.6 4.5 20.2 11.9 

 Cereals and cereal products .................................. 28,017 6.7 61.9 30.2 14.0 10.2 3.1 4.4 19.1 12.3 

 Bakery products...................................................... 61,575 6.5 61.1 30.1 13.3 10.7 2.4 4.5 20.7 11.7 

 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................... 148,655 7.1 60.6 28.6 13.4 12.0 2.6 4.0 19.2 13.1 

 Beef ........................................................................ 39,018 7.0 60.2 27.6 13.4 11.9 3.2 4.1 18.7 14.2 

 Pork ........................................................................ 29,713 7.9 58.6 27.9 12.2 11.7 2.7 4.1 20.9 12.6 

 Other meats ............................................................ 20,081 7.0 61.7 29.0 14.7 11.6 2.5 3.9 19.4 11.9 

 Poultry..................................................................... 27,052 7.3 61.8 28.7 13.5 13.0 2.5 4.0 17.4 13.6 

 Fish and seafood .................................................... 23,778 6.2 61.5 30.6 13.6 11.8 1.9 3.6 19.8 12.5 

 Eggs ........................................................................ 9,012 6.9 60.3 29.0 13.2 11.6 2.4 4.1 19.1 13.6 

 Dairy products ............................................................ 65,568 7.0 59.3 29.8 13.1 10.6 2.1 3.7 21.2 12.6 

 Fresh milk and cream ............................................. 20,941 7.4 58.7 27.6 12.9 11.4 2.2 4.6 19.7 14.2 

 Other dairy products ............................................... 44,627 6.8 59.6 30.8 13.2 10.3 2.1 3.2 21.9 11.8 

 Fruits and vegetables ................................................ 137,670 7.0 61.4 30.6 13.2 11.2 2.6 3.9 19.3 12.2 

 Fresh fruits .............................................................. 50,421 7.5 60.6 30.0 12.9 11.2 2.6 3.9 19.7 12.2 

 Fresh vegetables .................................................... 43,712 7.0 61.9 30.8 13.3 11.6 2.5 3.7 18.5 12.5 

 Processed fruits ...................................................... 17,683 6.7 60.8 30.6 13.6 10.5 2.4 3.7 20.7 11.7 

 Processed vegetables ............................................ 25,854 6.4 62.6 31.5 13.2 11.0 2.7 4.3 18.8 12.2 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Table 1904. Occupation of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Surveys, 2021 —

Continued 

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Wage and salary earners 

Item Aggregate 

Selfemployed 

workers 

Total 

wage and 

salary 

earners 

Managers 

and

professionals 

Technical, 

sales and 

clerical 

workers 

Service 

workers 

Construction 

workers and 

mechanics 

Operators, 

fabricators 

and

laborers 

Retired 

All other, 

including 

not

reporting 

 Other food at home .................................................... 259,603 6.6 62.5 31.1 13.8 11.3 2.5 3.9 19.1 11.8 

 Sugar and other sweets ......................................... 24,263 6.9 59.1 29.3 13.0 10.7 2.6 3.5 22.2 11.7 

 Fats and oils ........................................................... 17,664 7.0 61.4 28.9 14.1 11.6 2.8 4.0 20.0 11.6 

 Miscellaneous foods ............................................... 139,776 6.2 63.1 32.0 13.8 11.2 2.4 3.7 18.7 12.0 

 Nonalcoholic beverages ......................................... 68,632 6.5 62.1 29.6 13.8 11.9 2.5 4.3 19.2 12.2 

 Food prepared by consumer unit on out of town 

 trips ...................................................................... 9,267 11.4 66.6 37.8 13.6 9.1 2.1 3.9 14.6 7.4 

 Food away from home .................................................. 404,091 7.5 68.8 36.1 15.3 11.8 2.0 3.7 14.6 9.0 

 Alcoholic beverages ......................................................... 73,841 9.3 65.5 37.9 12.6 8.9 3.0 3.1 18.0 7.2 

 Housing ............................................................................ 3,021,905 8.1 64.2 32.9 13.7 11.2 2.4 3.9 18.1 9.6 

 Shelter ........................................................................... 1,771,197 8.6 65.3 33.9 13.9 11.2 2.5 3.8 16.9 9.2 

 Owned dwellings........................................................ 1,014,119 9.3 64.3 36.9 13.0 9.0 2.1 3.4 19.4 7.0 

 Mortgage interest and charges .............................. 371,521 9.9 73.4 41.7 15.4 9.6 2.7 3.8 9.6 7.1 

 Property taxes ........................................................ 330,672 9.2 60.6 35.1 12.4 8.3 2.0 2.9 22.8 7.4 

 Maintenance, repairs, insurance, and other 

 expenses ............................................................. 311,926 8.6 57.5 33.0 10.6 9.0 1.6 3.4 27.3 6.5 

 Rented dwellings ....................................................... 625,766 6.6 67.5 27.6 16.2 15.4 3.3 4.9 12.6 13.3 

 Other lodging ............................................................. 131,312 12.8 62.3 41.0 10.4 7.6 1.0 2.2 18.1 6.8 

 Utilities, fuels, and public services ................................ 564,237 7.6 61.3 28.4 14.3 11.3 2.7 4.7 20.4 10.6 

 Natural gas ................................................................ 59,764 7.7 60.8 29.5 14.1 10.2 2.5 4.4 22.6 9.0 

 Electricity.................................................................... 207,189 7.8 59.6 26.7 13.9 11.8 2.7 4.6 20.9 11.7 

 Fuel oil and other fuels .............................................. 16,247 9.9 52.0 28.0 10.6 8.2 2.0 3.2 27.3 10.8 

 Telephone services.................................................... 188,193 7.2 64.8 29.8 15.1 11.9 2.9 5.2 17.8 10.1 

 Residential phone service, VOIP, and phone 

 cards .................................................................... 22,060 6.6 44.0 22.3 10.2 6.8 1.8 2.9 41.0 8.5 

 Cellular phone service ............................................ 166,134 7.3 67.6 30.8 15.7 12.5 3.1 5.5 14.8 10.3 

 Water and other public services ................................ 92,843 7.7 60.1 28.8 14.2 10.4 2.5 4.3 21.9 10.3 

 Household operations ................................................... 218,873 7.6 65.8 38.3 12.5 9.8 1.9 3.3 19.2 7.3 

 Personal services ...................................................... 50,394 4.7 85.3 58.4 13.6 8.2 32.3 2.7 6.1 3.9 

 Other household expenses........................................ 168,479 8.5 60.0 32.3 12.2 10.3 1.8 3.5 23.1 8.4 

 Housekeeping supplies ................................................. 107,042 5.4 58.6 28.8 12.5 11.3 1.9 4.1 24.0 11.9 

 Laundry and cleaning supplies .................................. 23,789 4.4 59.4 26.3 11.9 14.7 2.3 4.2 22.0 14.2 

 Other household products ......................................... 68,508 5.5 58.4 29.2 12.9 10.7 1.8 3.8 24.1 12.0 

 Postage and stationery .............................................. 14,745 6.8 58.6 31.1 11.4 8.8 2.2 5.1 27.0 7.6 

 Household furnishings and equipment ......................... 360,556 7.4 63.7 32.8 12.9 12.3 2.3 3.3 18.5 10.5 

 Household textiles ..................................................... 16,221 5.3 59.5 28.9 17.2 10.5 1.0 1.9 25.4 9.8 

 Furniture..................................................................... 95,600 8.9 64.3 33.5 14.1 11.0 2.6 3.2 17.2 9.6 

 Floor coverings .......................................................... 4,439 9.0 64.4 39.4 13.4 8.1 3

.9 2.6 17.5 9.1 

 Major appliances........................................................ 61,922 7.2 57.3 30.5 11.6 10.0 1.9 3.3 21.3 14.2 

 Small appliances and miscellaneous 

 housewares ............................................................ 18,949 5.6 64.6 33.8 12.7 12.4 1.8 3.9 19.3 10.5 

 Miscellaneous household equipment ........................ 163,425 6.8 66.1 33.4 12.4 14.3 2.5 3.5 17.4 9.6 

 Apparel and services........................................................ 233,952 7.6 67.1 34.1 13.4 13.2 2.5 4.0 11.9 13.3 

 Men and boys ............................................................... 56,507 10.3 67.5 32.5 13.3 15.2 2.7 3.9 10.4 11.8 

 Men, 16 and over ....................................................... 41,298 9.1 68.2 33.8 12.8 14.1 2.8 4.8 12.8 9.9 

 Boys, 2 to 15 .............................................................. 15,210 13.4 65.7 29.0 14.7 18.2 2.3 31.6 3.8 17.1 

 Women and girls ........................................................... 87,858 4.9 68.8 36.1 14.4 11.8 2.2 4.2 14.0 12.3 

 Women, 16 and over ................................................. 73,157 5.4 67.1 37.1 14.4 10.0 1.9 3.8 15.9 11.6 

 Girls, 2 to 15 .............................................................. 14,701 2.5 77.2 31.2 14.7 20.8 33.8 6.7 4.7 15.6 

 Children under 2 ........................................................... 8,844 37.3 63.2 28.6 11.4 15.2 33.7 34.2 34.2 25.3 

 Footwear ....................................................................... 44,801 9.2 67.9 33.8 13.4 13.7 2.8 4.1 12.1 10.8 

 Other apparel products and services ............................ 35,942 7.9 62.4 33.2 11.3 12.2 2.2 3.6 11.1 18.6 

 Transportation .................................................................. 1,464,325 9.8 65.8 33.2 14.0 10.7 2.8 5.1 14.3 10.1 

 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ..................................... 645,014 11.3 64.8 34.6 12.7 9.5 2.6 5.4 13.1 10.9 

 Cars and trucks, new ................................................. 295,306 15.0 61.4 38.6 8.3 9.0 31.7 3.9 14.5 9.2 

 Cars and trucks, used ................................................ 341,296 8.0 67.5 31.7 15.6 10.1 3.3 6.7 11.9 12.6 

 Other vehicles ............................................................ 8,412 314.5 71.6 39.5 48.8 33.0 35.8 34.5 312.4 31.5 

 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil .............................. 286,902 8.6 66.7 29.0 15.7 12.5 3.8 5.8 14.1 10.6 

 Other vehicle expenses ................................................ 472,093 8.4 66.4 32.6 15.0 11.5 2.8 4.6 16.5 8.7 

 Vehicle finance charges ............................................ 36,325 7.5 74.2 36.6 17.8 11.4 3.6 4.8 10.5 7.8 

 Maintenance and repairs ........................................... 130,199 8.6 65.0 31.6 14.5 11.1 2.9 4.8 17.5 8.9 

 Vehicle rental, leases, licenses, and other 

 charges ................................................................... 101,488 9.9 66.9 37.6 13.9 10.2 2.2 3.0 17.0 6.2 

 Vehicle insurance ...................................................... 204,080 7.6 65.7 30.0 15.3 12.4 2.9 5.1 16.6 10.1 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Table 1904. Occupation of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Surveys, 2021 —

Continued 

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Wage and salary earners 

Item Aggregate 

Selfemployed 

workers 

Total 

wage and 

salary 

earners 

Managers 

and

professionals 

Technical, 

sales and 

clerical 

workers 

Service 

workers 

Construction 

workers and 

mechanics 

Operators, 

fabricators 

and

laborers 

Retired 

All other, 

including 

not

reporting 

 Public and other transportation ..................................... 60,316 10.1 68.5 42.6 12.2 8.0 1.5 4.2 11.0 10.4 

 Healthcare ........................................................................ 728,228 8.5 55.0 29.0 12.5 8.2 1.9 3.5 28.5 8.0 

 Health insurance ........................................................... 494,784 8.2 54.3 28.0 12.6 8.3 2.0 3.5 29.9 7.5 

 Medical services ........................................................... 142,902 10.5 59.0 33.6 12.8 7.4 1.7 3.4 21.4 9.1 

 Drugs ............................................................................. 66,401 6.4 50.9 26.4 10.9 8.8 1.5 3.2 33.2 9.5 

 Medical supplies ........................................................... 24,141 7.0 56.8 30.0 13.4 7.8 1.7 3.9 28.0 8.2 

 Entertainment ................................................................... 476,379 10.0 60.3 33.6 12.0 9.5 2.3 3.0 18.7 11.1 

 Fees and admissions .................................................... 87,296 11.1 64.9 42.2 11.1 8.0 1.4 2.1 12.7 11.3 

 Audio and visual equipment and services .................... 136,305 7.3 60.7 30.6 13.3 10.3 2.3 4.2 21.9 10.1 

 Pets, toys, hobbies, and playground equipment .......... 129,294 5.1 61.8 32.1 13.5 11.3 2.4 2.5 21.7 11.5 

 Pets ............................................................................ 102,783 5.1 60.4 31.5 13.3 11.8 1.3 2.4 23.0 11.4 

 Toys, hobbies, and playground equipment ............... 26,511 5.0 67.2 34.3 14.1 9.4 36.6 2.9 16.3 11.5 

 Other entertainment supplies, equipment, and 

 services ...................................................................... 123,484 17.3 54.8 32.2 9.6 7.6 2.7 2.6 16.3 11.6 

 Personal care products and services ............................... 102,831 7.3 65.5 34.5 13.8 11.7 2.0 3.4 18.2 9.0 

 Reading ............................................................................ 15,229 8.1 55.0 32.8 11.6 6.7 3

.8 3.1 29.3 7.6 

 Education ......................................................................... 163,787 11.9 70.1 46.5 12.5 8.5 1.1 1.5 4.8 13.1 

 Tobacco products and smoking supplies ........................ 45,605 5.7 59.7 16.8 17.7 13.2 4.6 7.4 15.1 19.6 

 Miscellaneous .................................................................. 131,738 11.8 60.2 32.8 11.9 8.7 2.6 4.1 19.2 8.8 

 Cash contributions ........................................................... 322,566 9.9 52.9 36.6 7.6 5.2 1.5 2.0 30.8 6.4 

 Personal insurance and pensions .................................... 1,051,819 12.6 78.1 47.1 14.9 9.6 2.5 4.0 4.0 5.3 

 Life and other personal insurance ................................ 63,249 8.9 63.9 39.6 12.5 7.3 1.3 3.1 19.4 7.8 

 Pensions and Social Security ....................................... 988,570 12.8 79.0 47.6 15.1 9.7 2.6 4.0 3.0 5.2 

Sources of income and personal taxes: 

 Income before taxes......................................................... $11,680,535 10.7 71.1 41.2 13.8 9.8 2.5 3.8 11.5 6.7 

 Wages and salaries ...................................................... 9,005,474 7.1 84.0 49.1 16.2 11.2 3.0 4.5 2.9 6.0 

 Self-employment income .............................................. 812,912 61.7 28.6 16.9 5.4 3.7 1.0 1.6 2.4 7.3 

 Social Security, private and government 

 retirement ................................................................... 1,286,764 4.0 18.3 8.1 4.8 3.5 .6 1.3 69.9 7.7 

 Interest, dividends, rental income, and other 

 property income ......................................................... 304,491 12.6 44.1 31.5 4.3 6.6 .9 .8 39.0 4.3 

 Public assistance, Supplemental Security Income, 

 Supplementary Nutrition Assistance Program 

 (SNAP) ....................................................................... 78,876 3.5 37.4 7.9 10.5 13.9 1.2 3.9 12.8 46.2 

 Unemployment and workers' compensation, 

 veterans' benefits, and regular contributions for 

 support ....................................................................... 147,077 8.6 54.4 23.1 12.8 13.1 1.2 4.3 18.1 18.8 

 Other income ................................................................ 44,941 9.4 51.4 25.5 8.9 11.7 31.1 4.3 13.7 25.5 

 Personal taxes (contains some imputed values) ............. 1,160,821 17.4 81.6 64.0 10.4 4.4 1.5 1.4 .4 .6 

 Federal income taxes ................................................... 1,143,769 15.1 77.3 56.0 11.6 6.0 1.6 2.1 4.5 3.1 

 Stimulus payment ......................................................... -339,560 6.5 62.1 23.2 17.0 13.4 2.6 5.9 18.0 13.5 

 State and local income taxes ........................................ 342,557 13.1 78.4 52.1 12.8 7.9 2.2 3.4 3.6 4.9 

 Other taxes ................................................................... 14,055 46.1 40.0 25.9 8.4 3.0 3

.5 32.2 11.1 2.8 

 Income after taxes ............................................................ 10,519,715 10.0 69.9 38.7 14.1 10.4 2.6 4.1 12.7 7.4 

1

 Data are rounded to the nearest thousands. 

2

 Value is too small to display. 

3

 Data are likely to have large sampling errors. 

Source: Consumer Expenditure Surveys, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, September, 2022