Table 2010. Highest education level of any member: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 

2018

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Less than college graduate College graduate 

Item Aggregate Total 

Less 

than 

high 

school 

graduate 

High 

school 

graduate 

High 

school 

graduate 

with 

some 

college 

Associate's 

degree Total Bachelor's degree 

Master's, 

professional, 

doctoral 

degree 

Number of consumer units (in thousands) ................................ 131,439 74,123 8,214 24,789 26,769 14,351 57,316 33,374 23,942 

Percent distribution of consumer units ................................ 100.0 56.4 6.2 18.9 20.4 10.9 43.6 25.4 18.2 

Consumer unit characteristics (mean values): 

 Income before taxes ................................................................ $78,635 $51,387 $29,131 $41,259 $57,933 $69,407 $113,874 $96,641 $137,896 

 Income after taxes ................................................................ 67,241 46,526 28,392 38,532 51,308 61,793 94,029 81,504 111,488 

 Age of reference person................................................................ 51.1 51.7 56.3 53.7 49.1 50.3 50.4 49.5 51.6 

 Average number in consumer unit: 

 People ................................................................................................ 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 

 Children under 18 ................................................................ .6 .6 .7 .5 .6 .7 .6 .5 .6 

 Adults 65 and older ................................................................ .4 .4 .4 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 

 Earners ................................................................................................ 1.3 1.1 .8 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 

 Vehicles ................................................................................................ 1.9 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.2 

Percent distribution: 

 Reference person: 

 Men ................................................................................................47 44 43 45 42 45 52 50 53 

 Women ................................................................................................ 53 56 57 55 58 55 48 50 47 

 Housing tenure: 

 Homeowner ................................................................................................ 63 56 42 54 56 68 73 70 77 

 With mortgage ................................................................ 37 29 14 23 31 41 48 46 51 

 Without mortgage ................................................................ 26 28 28 31 25 27 25 24 25 

 Renter ................................................................................................ 37 44 58 46 44 32 27 30 23 

 Race of reference person: 

 Black or African-American ................................................................ 13 16 15 17 16 14 10 11 9 

 White, Asian, and all other races ................................................................ 87 84 85 83 84 86 90 89 91 

 Hispanic or Latino origin of reference person: 

 Hispanic or Latino ................................................................ 13 17 36 16 16 10 8 9 8 

 Not Hispanic or Latino................................................................ 87 83 64 84 84 90 92 91 92 

 Education of reference person: 

 Elementary (1-8) ................................................................ 3 5 31 3 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 

 High school (9-12) ................................................................ 30 48 65 97 16 14 5 7 3 

 College ................................................................................................ 67 46 n.a. n.a. 82 85 94 92 97 

 Never attended and other ................................................................ ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 

 At least one vehicle owned or leased ................................ 88 85 70 81 87 94 93 92 94 

Annual aggregate expenditures ................................................................ $8,043,521 41.3 3.0 11.6 15.9 10.7 58.7 30.3 28.5 

 Food ................................................................................................ 1,039,471 43.9 3.5 12.5 16.6 11.3 56.1 30.5 25.5 

 Food at home ................................................................ 585,605 46.7 4.1 14.0 17.2 11.5 53.3 29.3 24.0 

 Cereals and bakery products ................................................................ 74,683 47.9 4.2 14.7 17.5 11.5 52.1 28.4 23.7 

 Cereals and cereal products ................................................................ 23,301 46.0 4.1 14.9 16.4 10.7 54.0 29.2 24.8 

 Bakery products ................................................................51,382 48.8 4.2 14.6 18.0 12.0 51.2 28.1 23.1 

 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs................................................................ 126,032 48.7 4.7 14.8 17.6 11.5 51.3 29.3 22.0 

 Beef ................................................................................................ 33,249 50.1 4.3 15.0 19.2 11.7 49.9 28.6 21.3 

 Pork ................................................................................................ 23,605 53.9 5.7 16.8 19.6 11.9 46.1 26.9 19.2 

 Other meats ................................................................ 16,979 49.2 4.7 14.9 16.0 13.6 50.8 27.8 23.0 

 Poultry ................................................................................................ 23,651 47.0 4.2 14.6 17.1 11.1 53.0 31.2 21.8 

 Fish and seafood ................................................................20,168 41.7 4.8 12.6 14.5 9.7 58.3 32.6 25.8 

 Eggs ................................................................................................ 8,380 48.3 4.7 14.6 18.1 10.8 51.7 29.1 22.6 

 Dairy products ................................................................ 58,917 45.0 3.9 13.1 16.9 11.1 55.0 29.5 25.5 

 Fresh milk and cream ................................................................ 19,225 48.1 4.1 14.8 17.7 11.5 51.9 29.3 22.7 

 Other dairy products ................................................................ 39,692 43.5 3.8 12.3 16.6 10.9 56.5 29.7 26.8 

 Fruits and vegetables ................................................................ 112,519 43.4 4.0 13.0 15.4 10.9 56.6 30.0 26.6 

 Fresh fruits ................................................................ 41,670 41.1 4.1 12.0 14.7 10.3 58.9 30.1 28.8 

 Fresh vegetables ................................................................37,063 41.8 3.9 12.7 14.9 10.4 58.2 30.6 27.6 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Table 2010. Highest education level of any member: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 

2018 — Continued 

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Less than college graduate College graduate 

Item Aggregate Total 

Less 

than 

high 

school 

graduate 

High 

school 

graduate 

High 

school 

graduate 

with 

some 

college 

Associate's 

degree Total Bachelor's degree 

Master's, 

professional, 

doctoral 

degree 

 Processed fruits ................................................................14,951 45.9 3.7 13.6 16.7 12.0 54.1 29.9 24.2 

 Processed vegetables ................................................................ 18,835 49.5 4.7 15.2 17.0 12.7 50.5 28.8 21.7 

 Other food at home ................................................................ 213,454 47.5 3.7 14.0 18.0 11.8 52.5 29.0 23.5 

 Sugar and other sweets ................................................................ 19,743 45.9 3.8 14.9 15.9 11.3 54.1 30.5 23.6 

 Fats and oils ................................................................ 15,452 48.3 4.3 15.4 17.0 11.7 51.7 30.0 21.7 

 Miscellaneous foods ................................................................ 113,442 46.8 3.4 13.4 18.0 12.0 53.2 29.1 24.1 

 Nonalcoholic beverages ................................................................ 57,406 51.1 4.4 15.1 19.6 12.1 48.9 27.7 21.2 

 Food prepared by consumer unit on 

 out-of-town trips ................................................................7,412 30.9 1.5 9.0 12.1 8.3 69.1 32.7 36.4 

 Food away from home ................................................................ 453,865 40.3 2.8 10.6 15.9 11.0 59.7 32.2 27.5 

 Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ 76,468 31.3 1.3 7.9 13.2 8.9 68.7 38.0 30.7 

 Housing ................................................................................................ 2,640,250 42.9 3.6 12.9 16.2 10.1 57.1 29.3 27.7 

 Shelter ................................................................................................ 1,544,072 41.7 3.6 12.6 15.8 9.8 58.3 29.9 28.3 

 Owned dwellings ................................................................877,720 34.9 1.8 9.3 13.7 10.0 65.1 31.9 33.2 

 Mortgage interest and charges................................ 364,770 32.5 1.4 8.1 12.9 10.0 67.5 33.5 34.0 

 Property taxes ................................................................289,139 33.2 1.9 9.3 13.0 9.0 66.8 32.3 34.5 

 Maintenance, repairs, insurance, other 

 expenses ................................................................ 223,811 40.8 2.4 11.3 15.9 11.2 59.2 29.0 30.2 

 Rented dwellings ................................................................558,452 55.8 7.0 18.9 20.1 9.7 44.2 26.1 18.1 

 Other lodging ................................................................ 107,901 25.3 .8 6.0 10.3 8.1 74.7 33.5 41.2 

 Utilities, fuels, and public services ................................ 532,153 50.8 4.3 15.7 19.2 11.6 49.2 27.3 21.9 

 Natural gas................................................................ 53,888 47.2 4.7 15.2 17.0 10.3 52.8 27.9 25.0 

 Electricity ................................................................................................ 196,651 53.7 4.9 17.1 19.9 11.8 46.3 26.0 20.2 

 Fuel oil and other fuels ................................................................ 15,964 48.2 2.1 18.1 17.6 10.5 51.8 28.7 23.1 

 Telephone services ................................................................ 184,982 49.9 3.8 14.5 19.4 12.1 50.1 27.9 22.2 

 Residential phone service, VOIP, and phone 

 cards ................................................................................................ 28,853 53.1 6.2 19.0 16.8 11.1 46.9 25.9 21.0 

 Cellular phone service ................................................................ 156,129 49.2 3.4 13.6 19.9 12.3 50.8 28.3 22.5 

 Water and other public services ................................ 80,668 48.9 4.0 15.1 18.7 11.1 51.1 28.4 22.7 

 Household operations ................................................................ 200,080 32.5 2.3 8.7 12.7 8.7 67.5 30.0 37.5 

 Personal services ................................................................62,046 23.3 2.9 5.0 7.8 7.5 76.7 29.3 47.4 

 Other household expenses ................................................................ 138,034 36.6 2.0 10.4 15.0 9.2 63.4 30.3 33.1 

 Housekeeping supplies ................................................................ 98,029 47.0 3.7 13.1 19.4 10.7 53.0 28.1 24.9 

 Laundry and cleaning supplies ................................................................ 24,108 50.9 4.1 14.7 20.3 11.8 49.1 27.7 21.4 

 Other household products ................................................................ 56,598 47.1 3.8 12.9 19.9 10.6 52.9 28.2 24.7 

 Postage and stationery ................................................................ 17,323 41.1 3.0 11.8 16.6 9.7 58.9 28.4 30.5 

 Household furnishings and equipment ................................ 265,917 40.3 2.9 12.4 14.7 10.3 59.7 29.9 29.9 

 Household textiles ................................................................14,576 37.1 2.5 9.6 15.3 9.8 62.9 36.0 26.8 

 Furniture ................................................................................................ 68,141 39.7 3.5 10.0 14.4 11.8 60.3 30.1 30.2 

 Floor coverings ................................................................ 3,327 27.6 21.3 7.4 10.5 8.4 72.4 30.8 41.5 

 Major appliances ................................................................ 39,911 48.3 3.9 14.1 18.1 12.2 51.7 27.7 24.0 

 Small appliances, miscellaneous housewares ................................ 15,545 41.8 4.6 13.2 14.7 9.3 58.2 27.6 30.6 

 Miscellaneous household equipment ................................124,416 38.5 2.1 13.5 13.7 9.1 61.5 30.0 31.5 

 Apparel and services ................................................................244,915 39.5 3.5 10.7 15.2 10.0 60.5 32.5 28.1 

 Men and boys................................................................ 55,134 39.6 4.3 11.0 14.9 9.4 60.4 33.0 27.4 

 Men, 16 and over ................................................................ 44,202 38.5 4.3 11.0 14.6 8.6 61.5 34.0 27.4 

 Boys, 2 to 15 ................................................................ 10,932 44.0 4.1 11.2 15.7 13.0 56.0 28.6 27.4 

 Women and girls ................................................................ 99,043 37.3 2.5 9.6 15.0 10.1 62.7 35.1 27.6 

 Women, 16 and over ................................................................ 83,668 37.1 2.4 9.2 15.6 9.9 62.9 34.4 28.5 

 Girls, 2 to 15................................................................ 15,376 38.2 3.3 11.6 11.9 11.4 61.8 38.6 23.2 

 Children under 2 ................................................................ 10,242 51.4 25.0 16.7 16.7 13.0 48.6 28.7 19.9 

 Footwear ................................................................................................ 51,372 43.7 4.3 11.4 17.2 10.9 56.3 30.1 26.2 

 Other apparel products and services ................................ 29,124 35.0 3.2 10.9 12.6 8.3 65.0 28.2 36.8 

 Transportation ................................................................................................ 1,282,692 45.2 2.9 12.9 17.2 12.2 54.8 29.5 25.3 

 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................................ 522,435 46.4 2.5 13.8 17.3 12.8 53.6 28.9 24.8 

 Cars and trucks, new ................................................................ 239,926 33.7 2

.7 11.5 14.3 7.2 66.3 32.1 34.2 

 Cars and trucks, used ................................................................ 273,899 57.3 4.0 15.8 19.7 17.8 42.7 26.0 16.7 

 Other vehicles ................................................................ 8,610 53.7 23.4 212.7 27.8 29.9 46.3 28.6 217.7 

 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil ................................ 277,165 50.8 3.7 14.8 19.1 13.1 49.2 28.2 21.0 

 Other vehicle expenses ................................................................ 375,532 45.0 2.8 12.3 17.8 12.2 55.0 30.7 24.3 

 Vehicle finance charges ................................................................ 29,143 50.9 3.0 13.6 20.7 13.5 49.1 28.3 20.9 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Table 2010. Highest education level of any member: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 

2018 — Continued 

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Less than college graduate College graduate 

Item Aggregate Total 

Less 

than 

high 

school 

graduate 

High 

school 

graduate 

High 

school 

graduate 

with 

some 

college 

Associate's 

degree Total Bachelor's degree 

Master's, 

professional, 

doctoral 

degree 

 Maintenance and repairs ................................................................ 116,921 45.5 3.1 12.4 17.4 12.6 54.5 29.5 25.0 

 Vehicle insurance ................................................................128,054 49.0 23.1 14.2 18.9 12.8 51.0 30.1 20.8 

 Vehicle rental, leases, licenses, and other 

 charges ................................................................................................ 101,413 37.8 1.8 9.4 16.0 10.6 62.2 33.3 28.9 

 Public and other transportation ................................................................ 107,561 25.3 3.1 5.8 9.8 6.6 74.7 32.5 42.2 

 Healthcare ................................................................................................ 652,982 43.9 3.3 13.4 16.1 11.1 56.1 30.3 25.8 

 Health insurance ................................................................ 447,507 44.5 3.4 14.1 16.0 11.0 55.5 30.0 25.4 

 Medical services ................................................................ 119,426 39.9 2.6 10.6 15.4 11.4 60.1 32.3 27.8 

 Drugs ................................................................................................ 63,492 47.7 3.8 14.9 17.9 11.1 52.3 28.5 23.8 

 Medical supplies ................................................................ 22,556 40.6 2.8 10.6 16.7 10.6 59.4 30.4 28.9 

 Entertainment ................................................................................................ 423,720 41.6 2.1 10.2 15.6 13.6 58.4 31.2 27.2 

 Fees and admissions ................................................................ 100,636 25.6 .7 4.3 11.6 8.9 74.4 32.1 42.3 

 Audio and visual equipment and services ................................ 135,311 48.3 3.6 14.5 18.5 11.7 51.7 29.4 22.3 

 Pets, toys, hobbies, and playground equipment ................................ 107,134 42.5 2.4 11.3 15.9 12.8 57.5 32.5 25.0 

 Pets ................................................................................................ 86,945 42.3 2.4 10.6 16.2 13.1 57.7 32.7 25.0 

 Toys, hobbies, and playground equipment ................................ 20,189 43.3 2.6 14.2 14.7 11.8 56.7 31.8 24.9 

 Other entertainment supplies, equipment, and 

 services ................................................................................................ 80,639 49.1 1.0 9.0 15.4 23.7 50.9 31.2 19.7 

 Personal care products and services ................................ 100,865 40.1 2.9 10.5 15.7 11.0 59.9 32.3 27.5 

 Reading ................................................................................................ 14,178 35.4 1.4 10.1 15.3 8.7 64.6 29.1 35.4 

 Education ................................................................................................ 184,932 22.3 .5 2.9 12.4 6.5 77.7 33.6 44.1 

 Tobacco products and smoking supplies................................ 45,556 75.2 6.0 25.7 28.1 15.5 24.8 17.2 7.6 

 Miscellaneous................................................................................................ 130,444 41.8 2.3 9.5 17.0 13.1 58.2 30.6 27.6 

 Cash contributions ................................................................ 248,127 32.7 2.0 8.2 14.6 7.9 67.3 28.0 39.3 

 Personal insurance and pensions ................................................................ 958,921 32.3 1.8 7.7 13.2 9.5 67.7 32.3 35.4 

 Life and other personal insurance ................................ 61,099 37.0 2.1 10.8 13.9 10.1 63.0 28.6 34.4 

 Pensions and Social Security ................................................................ 897,823 32.0 1.8 7.5 13.2 9.5 68.0 32.6 35.4 

Sources of income and personal taxes: 

 Money income before taxes ................................................................ $10,335,717 36.9 2.3 9.9 15.0 9.6 63.1 31.2 31.9 

 Wages and salaries ................................................................ 8,090,941 34.6 1.9 8.5 14.4 9.8 65.4 32.2 33.2 

 Self-employment income ................................................................ 687,710 32.6 2.2 7.3 15.4 7.6 67.4 31.6 35.8 

 Social Security, private and government 

 retirement ................................................................................................ 1,138,817 53.3 4.9 19.8 18.0 10.6 46.7 25.3 21.4 

 Interest, dividends, rental income, other 

 property income ................................................................ 255,147 29.9 1.2 10.0 14.0 4.7 70.1 29.8 40.3 

 Public assistance, Supplemental Security 

 Income, Supplementary Nutrition Assistance 

 Program (SNAP) ................................................................ 59,199 83.3 16.2 34.3 23.8 9.1 16.7 12.4 4.3 

 Unemployment and workers' compensation, 

 veterans' benefits, and regular contributions 

 for support ................................................................................................ 62,650 48.5 2.2 12.3 19.6 14.4 51.5 30.1 21.4 

 Other income................................................................ 41,253 58.1 5.0 16.5 28.4 8.2 41.9 22.5 19.5 

 Personal taxes (contains some imputed values) ................................ 1,497,670 24.1 .4 4.5 11.8 7.3 75.9 33.7 42.2 

 Federal income taxes................................................................ 1,187,149 23.3 .3 4.2 11.7 7.1 76.7 33.6 43.1 

 State and local income taxes ................................................................ 300,289 26.9 .7 5.7 12.4 8.0 73.1 33.4 39.7 

 Other taxes................................................................................................ 10,232 28.0 21.4 5.9 12.3 8.4 72.0 54.2 17.8 

 Income after taxes ................................................................ 8,838,047 39.0 2.6 10.8 15.5 10.0 61.0 30.8 30.2 

1

 Value is too small to display. 

2

 Data are likely to have large sampling errors. 

n.a. Not applicable. 

Source: Consumer Expenditure Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, September, 2019