Table 1904. Occupation of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2017 

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Wage and salary earners 

Item Aggregate 

Selfemployed 

workers 

Total 

wage and 

salary 

earners 

Managers 

and

professionals 

Technical, 

sales and 

clerical 

workers 

Service 

workers 

Construction 

workers and 

mechanics 

Operators, 

fabricators 

and

laborers 

Retired 

All other, 

including 

not

reporting 

Number of consumer units (in 

 thousands) ................................................................ 130,001 7,503 79,434 32,080 19,421 17,349 3,392 7,191 26,761 16,303 

Percent distribution of consumer 

 units ................................................................ 100.0 5.8 61.1 24.7 14.9 13.3 2.6 5.5 20.6 12.5 

Consumer unit characteristics 

 (mean values): 

 Income before taxes ................................ $73,573 $114,026 $87,273 $118,115 $72,318 $60,965 $68,120 $62,579 $40,065 $43,212 

 Income after taxes ................................................................ 63,606 93,494 74,293 97,540 63,611 52,986 61,173 57,029 37,968 39,865 

 Age of reference person ................................ 50.9 50.8 44.1 44.6 42.8 44.4 43.2 45.1 73.4 47.5 

 Average number in consumer 

 unit: 

 People ................................................................ 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.8 1.7 2.7 

 Children under 18 ................................ .6 .7 .7 .7 .6 .7 .9 .8 .1 .8 

 Adults 65 and older ................................ .4 .3 .1 .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 1.2 .2 

 Earners ................................................................ 1.3 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 .2 .7 

 Vehicles ................................................................ 1.9 2.4 2.0 2.2 1.9 1.7 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.5 

Percent distribution: 

 Reference person: 

 Men ................................................................ 47 62 50 49 43 44 88 72 45 31 

 Women ................................................................ 53 38 50 51 57 56 12 28 55 69 

 Housing tenure: 

 Homeowner ................................................................ 63 74 59 69 53 48 59 57 81 48 

 With mortgage ................................................................ 36 48 42 53 38 32 35 35 23 24 

 Without mortgage ................................ 27 26 17 16 15 16 23 23 58 24 

 Renter ................................................................ 37 26 41 31 47 52 41 43 19 52 

 Race of reference person: 

 Black or African-American................................ 13 7 14 11 16 19 9 15 9 18 

 White, Asian, and all other 

 races................................................................ 87 93 86 89 84 81 91 85 91 82 

 Hispanic or Latino origin of 

 reference person: 

 Hispanic or Latino ................................ 14 14 15 9 14 23 26 23 6 18 

 Not Hispanic or Latino ................................ 86 86 85 91 86 77 74 77 94 82 

 Education of reference person: 

 Elementary (1-8)................................................................ 3 3 2 ( 1 ) 1 5 5 5 4 7 

 High school (9-12) ................................ 30 23 25 10 27 37 49 48 37 43 

 College ................................................................ 67 74 73 90 72 58 46 46 59 49 

 Never attended and other ................................ ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) 1 

 At least one vehicle owned or 

 leased ................................................................ 88 93 91 95 90 85 91 91 88 75 

Annual aggregate expenditures ................................ $7,805,368 7.9 66.3 33.7 14.7 10.7 2.4 4.8 16.6 9.2 

 Food ................................................................1,003,471 7.9 64.3 30.3 15.9 10.3 2.4 5.5 16.8 11.0 

 Food at home ................................................................ 566,472 7.6 61.9 27.7 15.2 11.0 2.3 5.7 18.0 12.6 

 Cereals and bakery products ................................ 73,262 7.7 60.7 27.7 14.5 10.7 2.2 5.6 18.5 13.1 

 Cereals and cereal products ................................ 22,914 7.9 62.9 29.1 14.7 10.8 2.2 6.1 15.8 13.5 

 Bakery products ................................ 50,348 7.6 59.7 27.1 14.4 10.7 2.2 5.4 19.8 12.9 

 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................ 122,516 7.4 61.4 25.9 15.3 11.9 2.3 6.0 18.0 13.1 

 Beef ................................................................ 32,897 7.1 60.6 24.5 16.0 12.0 1.9 6.1 19.0 13.2 

 Pork ................................................................ 23,512 7.1 60.8 23.8 16.1 11.6 2.7 6.7 19.0 13.0 

 Other meats ................................................................ 16,644 6.8 61.8 27.0 16.1 10.5 2.5 5.7 19.2 12.1 

 Poultry ................................................................ 24,148 7.4 63.1 27.2 14.4 13.5 2.2 5.8 14.1 15.4 

 Fish and seafood ................................ 18,167 8.3 61.1 28.0 14.1 10.7 2.6 5.8 19.8 10.7 

 Eggs ................................................................ 7,148 8.6 61.0 26.1 14.1 12.8 2.6 5.5 16.4 14.0 

 Dairy products ................................................................ 58,440 7.8 61.6 28.5 15.3 10.4 2.2 5.2 18.3 12.2 

 Fresh milk and cream ................................19,072 7.3 61.6 27.2 15.6 10.9 2.1 5.8 17.6 13.4 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Table 1904. Occupation of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2017 

— Continued 

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Wage and salary earners 

Item Aggregate 

Selfemployed 

workers 

Total 

wage and 

salary 

earners 

Managers 

and

professionals 

Technical, 

sales and 

clerical 

workers 

Service 

workers 

Construction 

workers and 

mechanics 

Operators, 

fabricators 

and

laborers 

Retired 

All other, 

including 

not

reporting 

 Other dairy products ................................ 39,368 8.1 61.6 29.1 15.2 10.2 2.3 4.9 18.7 11.7 

 Fruits and vegetables ................................ 108,616 8.0 61.5 28.5 14.3 11.4 2.2 5.0 18.2 12.3 

 Fresh fruits ................................................................ 40,770 8.1 60.7 29.5 13.5 10.9 2.3 4.5 18.9 12.4 

 Fresh vegetables ................................ 35,629 8.0 62.1 29.6 14.4 11.1 2.2 4.7 17.9 12.1 

 Processed fruits ................................ 14,545 8.5 61.7 26.8 15.3 11.9 2.4 5.3 18.1 11.7 

 Processed vegetables ................................17,672 7.2 62.2 25.6 15.4 12.6 2.0 6.5 17.4 13.2 

 Other food at home ................................ 203,638 7.3 62.8 28.2 15.8 10.6 2.3 5.9 17.6 12.3 

 Sugar and other sweets ................................ 19,415 7.8 59.1 26.9 14.6 10.1 2.4 5.0 20.2 12.9 

 Fats and oils................................................................ 15,163 7.5 60.6 25.9 14.3 11.7 2.7 6.0 18.1 13.8 

 Miscellaneous foods ................................106,935 6.9 64.3 29.7 16.4 10.3 2.2 5.7 16.7 12.1 

 Nonalcoholic beverages ................................ 54,863 7.5 62.0 25.7 16.0 11.0 2.4 6.8 17.8 12.7 

 Food prepared by consumer 

 unit on out-of-town trips ................................ 7,263 10.4 61.8 34.8 10.9 9.4 1.8 5.0 20.0 7.8 

 Food away from home ................................ 436,999 8.4 67.4 33.6 16.7 9.4 2.5 5.2 15.3 8.9 

 Alcoholic beverages ................................ 72,466 7.1 71.3 38.3 16.7 9.9 1.9 4.5 16.4 5.2 

 Housing ................................................................ 2,584,719 7.1 65.9 32.9 14.7 11.5 2.3 4.5 17.0 10.0 

 Shelter ................................................................ 1,546,404 7.2 67.1 33.9 14.8 11.8 2.3 4.2 15.7 10.0 

 Owned dwellings ................................ 903,065 8.2 66.2 37.2 13.4 9.4 2.2 3.9 17.4 8.2 

 Mortgage interest and 

 charges ................................................................ 424,449 8.2 73.8 41.9 14.9 10.7 2.1 4.1 9.6 8.4 

 Property taxes ................................ 268,515 8.6 59.6 34.1 11.6 8.7 1.9 3.3 23.3 8.4 

 Maintenance, repairs, 

 insurance, other expenses ................................ 210,101 7.6 59.3 31.6 12.7 7.8 2.8 4.3 25.6 7.4 

 Rented dwellings ................................ 541,671 4.9 69.7 27.4 18.0 16.6 2.6 5.2 11.9 13.5 

 Other lodging................................................................ 101,668 10.6 60.7 38.6 10.5 7.8 1.3 2.5 20.9 7.8 

 Utilities, fuels, and public 

 services ................................................................ 498,645 6.8 62.5 27.7 14.6 12.4 2.6 5.3 19.2 11.5 

 Natural gas ................................................................ 49,470 7.2 61.2 28.5 13.5 12.3 2.2 4.7 21.1 10.5 

 Electricity ................................................................ 184,552 6.9 60.5 25.8 14.3 12.4 2.7 5.4 20.1 12.5 

 Fuel oil and other fuels................................ 12,613 7.6 52.3 28.0 10.2 8.3 2.6 3.2 31.0 9.2 

 Telephone services ................................ 176,234 6.2 66.5 29.4 15.6 12.9 2.8 5.7 16.3 11.0 

 Residential phone service, 

 VOIP, and phone cards ................................ 30,904 5.7 48.4 21.6 11.0 9.8 1.8 4.3 33.8 12.1 

 Cellular phone service ................................ 145,329 6.3 70.3 31.1 16.6 13.6 3.0 6.0 12.6 10.8 

 Water and other public 

 services ................................................................ 75,776 7.3 60.7 27.8 14.0 11.6 2.4 4.9 20.9 11.1 

 Household operations ................................ 183,521 7.5 67.8 40.0 13.1 9.5 1.5 3.6 17.2 7.5 

 Personal services ................................ 57,094 5.7 85.7 55.6 14.9 10.1 21.6 3.5 4.7 3.9 

 Other household expenses ................................ 126,427 8.3 59.7 32.9 12.3 9.3 1.5 3.7 22.8 9.2 

 Housekeeping supplies ................................ 97,973 7.2 61.5 28.0 15.1 10.3 2.1 6.0 21.5 9.8 

 Laundry and cleaning supplies ................................ 23,014 6.3 61.9 26.8 15.5 11.0 2.2 6.3 18.4 13.4 

 Other household products ................................ 55,503 7.9 62.6 28.1 15.5 10.2 2.0 6.8 20.8 8.7 

 Postage and stationery ................................19,456 6.5 57.8 29.3 13.4 9.6 2.1 3.5 27.0 8.7 

 Household furnishings and 

 equipment ................................................................ 258,176 6.9 65.7 34.1 15.0 9.4 2.6 4.6 18.4 9.0 

 Household textiles ................................ 14,814 6.6 60.0 31.4 13.5 9.7 2.5 3.1 24.9 8.6 

 Furniture ................................................................ 67,010 5.8 66.7 35.4 13.8 10.5 2.6 4.3 16.8 10.7 

 Floor coverings................................ 3,956 28.4 45.2 27.9 8.5 6.1 21.1 1.6 13.1 13.3 

 Major appliances ................................ 36,440 6.6 61.6 30.4 11.7 10.6 2.8 6.1 20.7 11.2 

 Small appliances, 

 miscellaneous housewares ................................ 16,972 5.9 67.4 29.4 20.0 10.6 2.6 4.9 17.6 9.1 

 Miscellaneous household 

 equipment ................................................................ 118,986 7.1 67.5 35.7 16.3 8.4 2.6 4.5 18.1 7.3 

 Apparel and services ................................ 237,997 7.7 67.5 33.2 15.7 11.0 2.0 5.5 13.7 11.0 

 Men and boys ................................................................ 57,442 8.2 68.1 33.9 13.2 11.1 2.9 7.0 12.9 10.7 

 Men, 16 and over ................................ 44,472 9.1 67.6 33.8 12.9 10.7 2.9 7.3 15.1 8.2 

 Boys, 2 to 15 ................................................................ 12,970 5.4 69.6 34.1 14.3 12.6 2.6 6.1 5.6 19.3 

 Women and girls ................................ 90,065 8.0 66.4 35.8 15.0 10.3 1.4 3.9 15.2 10.4 

 Women, 16 and over ................................ 75,243 8.2 65.5 37.0 14.1 9.9 1.2 3.4 17.1 9.2 

 Girls, 2 to 15 ................................................................ 14,822 6.9 70.9 29.7 19.6 12.4 2.5 6.8 5.5 16.7 

 Children under 2 ................................................................ 9,948 7.6 67.0 31.8 16.7 9.3 22.3 6.9 9.1 16.2 

 Footwear ................................................................ 49,203 7.5 68.9 29.1 19.3 12.8 2.1 5.6 12.3 11.3 

 Other apparel products and 

 services ................................................................ 31,340 6.4 67.5 31.6 16.4 10.5 2.1 6.9 14.8 11.3 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Table 1904. Occupation of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2017 

— Continued 

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Wage and salary earners 

Item Aggregate 

Selfemployed 

workers 

Total 

wage and 

salary 

earners 

Managers 

and

professionals 

Technical, 

sales and 

clerical 

workers 

Service 

workers 

Construction 

workers and 

mechanics 

Operators, 

fabricators 

and

laborers 

Retired 

All other, 

including 

not

reporting 

 Transportation ................................................................ 1,244,638 7.0 68.8 31.8 16.1 11.7 3.2 6.0 15.7 8.5 

 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................ 527,018 6.1 72.2 31.0 18.3 12.0 4.1 6.7 13.6 8.1 

 Cars and trucks, new ................................ 246,965 5.6 68.2 31.5 15.9 12.6 3.7 4.5 18.0 8.2 

 Cars and trucks, used ................................273,142 6.5 76.0 30.7 20.4 11.8 4.3 8.8 9.6 7.9 

 Other vehicles ................................................................ 6,911 28.8 69.6 224.5 23.3 23.6 213.9 24.4 213.0 28.6 

 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor 

 oil ................................................................255,856 7.2 68.6 30.0 15.6 13.1 3.3 6.5 13.8 10.4 

 Other vehicle expenses................................ 369,202 7.7 64.2 31.8 14.4 10.8 2.1 5.2 20.0 8.1 

 Vehicle finance charges ................................28,642 5.9 75.2 35.2 18.1 12.4 3.1 6.5 9.8 9.1 

 Maintenance and repairs ................................ 124,022 8.1 60.2 30.1 12.3 10.4 2.5 4.9 23.9 7.8 

 Vehicle insurance ................................ 125,482 7.2 63.3 29.6 14.8 11.1 21.9 6.0 20.8 8.7 

 Vehicle rental, leases, 

 licenses, and other charges ................................ 91,057 8.3 67.5 36.0 15.6 10.3 1.5 4.0 16.9 7.3 

 Public and other transportation ................................ 92,563 8.2 67.7 40.6 11.9 10.1 1.6 3.5 16.4 7.7 

 Healthcare ................................................................ 640,626 7.4 56.2 28.9 12.3 9.0 1.9 4.1 27.3 9.1 

 Health insurance ................................ 443,860 7.3 55.9 28.2 12.2 9.3 2.1 4.0 28.2 8.6 

 Medical services ................................................................ 113,348 8.0 60.8 33.4 12.7 8.4 1.7 4.6 21.0 10.2 

 Drugs ................................................................63,096 7.3 49.5 25.2 11.5 7.6 1.2 4.1 32.6 10.6 

 Medical supplies ................................................................ 20,321 8.2 57.0 28.7 13.6 9.4 1.7 3.6 27.8 7.0 

 Entertainment ................................................................ 416,176 8.9 65.1 34.9 14.0 9.1 2.2 4.8 17.4 8.6 

 Fees and admissions ................................ 97,482 9.0 67.3 43.6 11.2 8.7 1.4 2.4 15.6 8.0 

 Audio and visual equipment and 

 services ................................................................ 128,094 6.8 63.1 30.9 14.2 10.5 2.6 5.0 19.8 10.3 

 Pets, toys, hobbies, and 

 playground equipment ................................112,809 13.0 62.0 32.1 13.9 7.4 2.1 6.4 16.1 8.9 

 Pets ................................................................92,176 14.7 59.6 31.6 12.9 6.7 2.1 6.4 16.7 9.0 

 Toys, hobbies, and playground 

 equipment ................................................................ 20,633 5.2 72.5 34.4 18.4 10.9 2.1 6.7 13.9 8.5 

 Other entertainment supplies, 

 equipment, and services ................................77,791 6.3 70.1 34.6 17.7 9.8 2.8 5.2 17.4 6.3 

 Personal care products and 

 services ................................................................ 99,005 8.2 65.0 33.6 15.2 10.3 1.7 4.2 17.8 8.9 

 Reading ................................................................14,285 8.8 58.5 32.3 13.1 7.7 1.2 4.2 25.9 6.8 

 Education ................................................................ 193,813 11.8 71.6 46.8 12.5 7.4 1.7 3.2 7.1 9.5 

 Tobacco products and smoking 

 supplies ................................................................ 43,201 5.8 61.5 18.7 15.7 14.0 4.8 8.3 14.2 18.5 

 Miscellaneous ................................................................ 131,260 8.9 59.7 30.0 13.4 11.2 1.9 3.2 21.8 9.7 

 Cash contributions ................................................................ 243,462 7.2 58.1 35.1 9.2 8.2 1.5 4.2 26.9 7.8 

 Personal insurance and pensions ................................ 880,250 10.8 76.1 43.7 14.8 10.8 2.3 4.5 7.2 5.8 

 Life and other personal 

 insurance ................................................................ 54,290 8.6 60.7 32.2 12.8 10.2 1.7 3.8 22.1 8.6 

 Pensions and Social Security ................................ 825,960 10.9 77.1 44.5 14.9 10.8 2.4 4.6 6.3 5.7 

Sources of income and personal 

 taxes: 

 Money income before taxes ................................ $9,564,613 8.9 72.5 39.6 14.7 11.1 2.4 4.7 11.2 7.4 

 Wages and salaries ................................ 7,486,721 6.1 84.4 47.0 17.0 12.1 2.9 5.4 3.2 6.3 

 Self-employment income................................585,794 54.6 33.2 16.8 7.4 5.6 .7 2.6 4.3 7.9 

 Social Security, private and 

 government retirement ................................ 1,078,984 3.9 20.7 7.9 5.1 5.4 .6 1.8 64.5 10.9 

 Interest, dividends, rental 

 income, other property income ................................ 248,242 10.9 50.1 24.1 6.1 17.2 .7 2.0 32.6 6.3 

 Public assistance, 

 Supplemental Security 

 Income, Supplementary 

 Nutrition Assistance Program 

 (SNAP) ................................................................ 59,818 3.8 37.8 6.1 9.3 16.2 1.5 4.7 13.4 45.0 

See footnotes at end of table. 
Table 1904. Occupation of reference person: Shares of annual aggregate expenditures and sources of income, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2017 

— Continued 

 (Aggregates in millions of dollars, unless otherwise indicated) 

Wage and salary earners 

Item Aggregate 

Selfemployed 

workers 

Total 

wage and 

salary 

earners 

Managers 

and

professionals 

Technical, 

sales and 

clerical 

workers 

Service 

workers 

Construction 

workers and 

mechanics 

Operators, 

fabricators 

and

laborers 

Retired 

All other, 

including 

not

reporting 

 Unemployment and workers' 

 compensation, veterans' 

 benefits, and regular 

 contributions for support ................................59,437 3.0 43.5 20.6 10.9 7.6 21.4 3.1 33.0 20.5 

 Other income ................................................................ 45,618 8.1 58.4 27.3 15.1 12.2 21.3 2.5 8.7 24.8 

 Personal taxes (contains some 

 imputed values) ................................ 1,295,773 11.9 79.6 50.9 13.1 10.7 1.8 3.1 4.3 4.2 

 Federal income taxes ................................ 1,016,467 12.1 79.3 51.7 12.7 10.4 1.7 2.9 4.4 4.1 

 State and local income taxes ................................ 272,722 11.1 80.7 48.4 14.5 11.9 2.1 3.8 3.6 4.5 

 Other taxes ................................................................ 6,583 7.3 66.2 39.1 9.6 9.3 24.9 3.3 18.8 7.7 

 Income after taxes ................................................................ 8,268,840 8.5 71.4 37.8 14.9 11.1 2.5 5.0 12.3 7.9 

1

 Value is too small to display. 

2

 Data are likely to have large sampling errors. 

Source: Consumer Expenditure Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, September, 2018