C i f E ti t f th C E 

Comparison o

f

E

stima

tes 

from the 

Consumer 

Ex

Survey (CE) with Other Data: CE Imputed Incom

Current Po

p y ulation Surve

y

( ) CPS

)

Bill Passero

Division of Consumer Ex

p y enditure Surve

y

s

Bureau of Labor Statistics

Southern Economic Association

78th Annual Meetings

November 21, 2008
Outline

CE – CPS I C i CPS Income Comparison

• Imputation in the CE• Methodological Differences between CE and CP

– Population Coverage– Timing of Data Collection Timing of Data Collection– Coverage of Questions– Design of Questions

• C d f I It Concordance of Income Items

• Selection of CE Estimators• Analysis by Source of Income Analysis by Source of Income
Imputation in the CE

No im

putation for income nonres

ponse throu

gh 20

Imputation in the CE

p p

g

sample consumer units (CU’s) identified as “com“incomplete” income reporters in data releases.

P li d F (1994) Paulin an

d

Ferraro (1994)

– exami di l t 

ine

d issues rela

t

selection of imputation method

 Model-based method or hot deck method Imputation at CU level or individual member level Imputation for total income or for each component Inclusion of expenditures in models for predicting inco

Inclusion of expenditures in models for predicting inco

Bracketing questions added to income questions in 

instrument in 2001 impact choice of imputation m
Imputation in the CE Imputation in the CE

– con

Regression

-based method chosen based method chosen

 Produces five imputed values for each missing observ Coefficients obtained from regression model Random noise added to coefficients  Imputed value is estimated Additional noise added to insure CU Additional noise added to insure CU s’ with similar cha

with similar cha

receive different imputed income estimates

 If bracketed value originally reported, imputed values m

within bracket within bracket

 Reported specific values are retained as is
Methodological Differences Methodological Differences - CE and C

CE and C

Population coverage

CE designed to represent civilian noninstitut

population plus portion of institutional popupopulation, plus portion of institutional popu

including:

 Boarding houses College dormitories Permanent living quarters in hotels & motels Mobile home 

parks

CE excludes military personnel living on basCPS designed to represent civilian noninstit

population, plus military personnel who live least one other civilian adult
Methodological Differences Methodological Differences - CE and C

CE and C

Timing of data collection

CE – Quarterly Interview Survey

 Income collected at 2nd and 5th Income collected at

2 interviews nd and

5th interviews

 Income questions cover 12 months prior to interv CU’s enter (and leave) survey every month due to 

sampld i e 

design

 As an example:

o A CU entering survey (1st interview) in November 

2

d have 2009

n interview in February 2009. 

o CU will report income at 2nd interview covering 12-

from February 1, 2008 through January 31, 2009
Methodological Differences Methodological Differences

- CE and CPS CE and CPS

Timing of data collection – cont.

 CPS – Annual Social and Economic Supp

 Income collected annually each March (some c

February and April)

 Income questions cover prior calendar year As an example, a household completing ASEC 

2008 reports income for calendar year 2007.
Methodological Differences Methodological Differences

- CE and CPS CE and CPS

Covera

ge of Questions

CE – Quarterly Interview Survey

 Respondent instructed to report amount receive

earned income Social Security/Railroad Retireearned income, Social Security/Railroad Retire

Supplemental Security Income for each membeCU 14 and over

 For all remaining sources of income responden

For all remaining sources of income, responden

amount received by the CU as a whole

 Respondent is asked to about the amount rece

the last 12 months for each source of income wthe last 12 months for each source of income w

exception

 For Social Security/Railroad Retirement, respo

reports the amount of the last payment received reports the amount of the last payment received
Methodological Differences Methodological Differences

- CE and CPS CE and CPS

Covera

ge of Questions 

– cont.

CE – Quarterly Interview Survey – cont.

 If respondent cannot report amount of income r

respondent is asked to select an income brackerespondent is asked to select an income bracke

CPS – Annual Social and Economic Suppl

 Respondent instructed to report income for all i

sources for each household member 15 and ov

 For income received on regular basis, such as 

and salaries, respondent first asked the time pewhich income amount can be most easily recalfollowed by amount received over that period

 For other income, respondent first reports an am

received over past year, then time period coveramount
Methodological Differences Methodological Differences

- CE and CPS CE and CPS

Design of Questions

 Wages and salaries

 CE asks for amount received for all jobs together CPS asks for amount from longest-held job first, then all othe

combined

 CE includes severance pay and military allotments, while CP

as part of miscellaneous income at end of instrument

 Nonfarm and farm business income (or loss)

 CE asks for nonfarm business and farm income separately CPS combines nonfarm and farm business income in one qu

distinguishes longest-held from all other

 Social Security and Railroad Retirement Social Security and Railroad Retirement

 CE collects payments in one question, and includes survivor 

disability benefits as well as retirement benefits

 CPS collects Social Securit

yp ya

yments received b

y househo

directly or for child under 19 in household in one question

 CPS collects Railroad Retirement as portion of three questio

retirement income, survivor benefits, and health/disability be
Methodological Differences Methodological Differences

- CE and CPS CE and CPS

Design of Questions – cont.

 Interest 

– CE and CPS questions are similar, however CPS 

for more sources of interest income

 Dividends, royalties, estates and trusts

 CE k f t i d f th CE as

ks for amount receive

d from these sources i 

n one que

 CPS asks for dividends from stocks and mutual funds separa CPS asks for trust and estate income in two places – one as 

for survivor benefits, the other as a class of 

pp y ro

pert

y income

 CPS asks for net royalty income as a class of property incom

 Pension and annuity income

 CE asks for amount received, whether due to retirement, dis

as a survi b fi i i ivor 

benefit in one question

 As with Railroad Retirement, CPS asks for such income as p

questions on retirement income, survivor benefits, and healthbenefits 

 CPS asks for foreign government pension income as a sourc

miscellaneous income in final income question 
Methodological Differences Methodological Differences

- CE and CPS CE and CPS

Design of Questions – cont.

 Unemployment compensation Unemployment compensation

 CE asks for amount of unemployment compensation and su

unemployment compensation in one question

 CPS asks for amount in three 

questions 

– one for state or fe

compensation, one for supplemental compensation, and one unemployment or strike benefits

 Worker’s compensation and Veteran’s benefits

 CE asks respondents to combine income from these sources CE asks respondents to combine income from these sources

excluding retirement benefits from the latter

 CPS asks for worker’s compensation separately, and in asso

with survivor benefits and health/disability income

 CPS asks for veteran’s benefits in its own question

 Public assistance

 CE asks for amount received as public assistance or welfare 

question though examples of sources have changed question, though examples of sources have changed

o 2002 – AFDC, grants from Job Corps
Methodological Differences Methodological Differences

- CE and CPS CE and CPS

Design of Questions – cont.

 Public assistance 

– cont.

 CE asks for amount received as public assistance or welfare 

question, though examples of sources have changed – cont. 

o Post-2002

– cash assistance from state/local program 

cash assistance from state/local program, 

TANF, or short term emergency help

 CPS asks for cash assistance received from state/local prog

name of representative state program as example

 CPS l li lf CPS also lists welfare, emergency assi d h h istance, an

d ot

her s

ho

cash assistance among types of income included in miscellaincome 

 Rental income

 CE asks for rental income in two questions – one for income 

from roomers or boarders, one for income or loss from other units

 As part of property income question CPS also asks for net in

As part of property income question, CPS also asks for net in

from rental property and receipts from roomers or boarders
Methodological Differences Methodological Differences

- CE and CPS CE and CPS

Design of Questions – cont.

 Regular income from alimony or other sources, such as pe

outside of CU

 CE asks for amount received from these sources in one que CPS asks for amount in two questions CPS asks for amount in two questions

– one from alimony p

one from alimony p

one for regular financial assistance from friends or relatives nhousehold

 Supplemental Security Income and child support payment 

sum)

– CE and CPS questions are simila

r

 All other income (Miscellaneous income)

 CE asks global other income question, with potential sources 

scholarships and fellowships stipends not based on working scholarships and fellowships, stipends not based on working

of foster children

 All other income from a source not specified in previous ques

be included in this global question

 CPS asks for amounts for educational assistance which inclu

scholarships and grants; some of the assistance reported hefrom non-household members may be reported elsewhere in 
Methodological Differences Methodological Differences

- CE and CPS CE and CPS

Design of Questions – cont.

 All other income (Miscellaneous income) 

– cont.

 CPS asks for amount of foster child care payments and any 

income not already covered in previous questions in the miscinco e quest o at e d o st u e t m

e question at

e

n

d

of instru

m

e

nt
Concordance of Income Ite

Concordance of Income Ite

Money Income Before Taxes

 Total aggregate income

 Wage and salary income Nonfarm self-employment income Farm self-employment income Social Security and Railroad Retirement income Pensions and annuities Interest Dividends, rents, royalties, estates and trusts  Child support Supplemental Security Income Unemployment compensation Workers’ compensation and veterans’ benefits Public assistance All other income, including accident & temporary insuran

educational assistance, alimony, financial assistance
Selection of CE Estimators Selection of CE Estimators

CE – Ref Yr.

Estimates are based on income mapped to the reference year 

monthly income tabulation files (ITAB) used for CE publicatifor 2004, estimates are based on income mapped to 2004 in files.

CE – Jan Ref Yr. +1

Estimates are based on income reported in interviews 2 and 5 

the year following the reference year Thus for 2004 estimthe year following the reference year. Thus, for 2004, estim

based on income reported in 2nd and 5th interviews conducte

2005.

CE

– Oct Ref Yr Oct Ref Yr. - Apr Ref Yr +1 Apr Ref Yr. +1

Estimates are based on income reported in interviews 2 and 5 

October of the reference year and April of the year following reference year. Thus, for 2004, estimates are based on incoin 2nd and 5th interviews conducted between October 2004 a

2005.
Analysis by Source of Inco
Total income

CE/CPS Ratio for Total Income CE/CPS Ratio for Total Income

0.95

1.0 0

0.80

0.85

0.90

CE/CPS Ratio

0.70

0.75

2002 2003 2004 2005 

CE - Reference Year (Refyr) CE - Jan Refyr + 1 CE - Oct Ref
Total income

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

CE 

percent

imputed

2006 CPS 7,800.6 CE - Reference Year 2006 7,170.8 91.9 39. CE - Jan 2007 7,332.3 94.0 39. CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 7,286.8 93.4 38.2005 CPS 7,352.4 CE - Reference Year 2005 6,872.5 93.5 37. CE - Jan 2006 6,872.1 93.5 37. CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 6,940.3 94.4 36.2004 CPS 6,939.6 CE - Reference Year 2004 6,322.2 91.1 37. CE - Jan 2005 6,689.9 96.4 35. CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 6,636.6 95.6 35.2003 CPS 6,707.2 CE - Reference Year 2003 5,007.9 74.7 CE - Jan 2004 5,328.2 79.4 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 5,109.5 76.22002 CPS 6,515.7 CE - Reference Year 2002 4,629.0 71.0 CE - Jan 2003 4,858.1 74.6 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 4,838.7 74.3
Percentage Distribution of CE Income by So

2006 Oct Refyr 2006, Oct Refyr - Apr Refyr + 1 Apr Refyr

+

1

1.57

 W ages and salaries

4.15

2.68 A ll self - emplo yment 

 Social Securit y & R a

6.21 79.81 Pensions and annuit i

5.58 Int erest , dividends, r

 est at es and t rust s A ll ot her income
Wag y e and salary incom

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

CE 

percent

imputed

2006 CPS 5,967.4 CE - Reference Year 2006 5,718.6 95.8 39. CE - Jan 2007 5,994.1 100.4 38. CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 5,815.2 97.5 38.2005 CPS 5,630.6 CE - Reference Year 2005 5,432.6 96.5 37. CE - Jan 2006 5,394.3 95.8 37. CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 5,522.8 98.1 36.2004 CPS 5,346.6 CE - Reference Year 2004 5,021.3 93.9 38. CE - Jan 2005 5,119.7 95.8 36. CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 5,206.3 97.4 36.2003 CPS 5,157.1 CE - Reference Year 2003 4,042.1 78.4 CE - Jan 2004 4,295.7 83.3 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 4,125.7 80.0

2002

 CPS 5,078.4 CE - Reference Year 2002 3,736.3 73.6 CE - Jan 2003 3,880.9 76.4 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 3,890.2 76.6
Nonfarm self-emp y lo ment inco

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

CE 

percent

imputed

2006 CPS 407.7 CE - Reference Year 2006 414.0 101.5 65. CE - Jan 2007 445.0 109.1 75. CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 380.1 93.2 65.2005 CPS 366.5 CE - Reference Year 2005 430.1 117.4 56. CE - Jan 2006 558.5 152.4 58. CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 423.4 115.5 57.2004 CPS 321.7 CE - Reference Year 2004 338.4 105.2 57. CE - Jan 2005 566.6 176.1 53. CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 435.1 135.2 58.2003 CPS 331.6 CE - Reference Year 2003 194.6 58.7 CE - Jan 2004 210.7 63.5 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 194.3 58.62002 CPS 302.6 CE - Reference Year 2002 197.8 65.4 CE - Jan 2003 204.3 67.5 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 198.6 65.6
Farm self-employment inco

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

CE 

percent

imputed

2006 CPS 31.7 CE - Reference Year 2006 14.7 46.5 65. CE - Jan 2007 13.1 41.5 78. CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 26.7 84.3 34.2005 CPS 37.3 CE - Reference Year 2005 12.5 33.7 82. CE - Jan 2006 20.1 53.9 39. CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 10.6 28.5 42.2004 CPS 29.0 CE - Reference Year 2004 22.6 77.8 64. CE - Jan 2005 15.7 54.0 51. CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 11.3 38.9 63.2003 CPS 28.0 CE - Reference Year 2003 15.8 56.3 CE - Jan 2004 8.2 29.1 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 14.8 53.02002 CPS 20.4 CE - Reference Year 2002 14.9 72.8 CE - Jan 2003 4.2 20.3 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 18.5 90.7
Social Security and 

Railroad Retirement Railroad Retirement

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

CE 

percent

imputed

2006 CPS 471.5 CE - Reference Year 2006 446.0 94.6 22. CE - Jan 2007 409.1 86.8 24. CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 452.2 95.9 22.2005 CPS 449.2 CE - Reference Year 2005 431.0 96.0 20. CE - Jan 2006 441.1 98.2 20. CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 441.9 98.4 23.2004 CPS 431.8 CE - Reference Year 2004 400.0 92.6 21. CE - Jan 2005 431.0 99.8 18. CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 411.4 95.3 19.2003 CPS 410.1 CE - Reference Year 2003 325.4 79.3 CE - Jan 2004 343.8 83.8 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 334.7 81.62002 CPS 389.8 CE - Reference Year 2002 312.9 80.3 CE - Jan 2003 299.1 76.7 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 315.9 81.0
Pensions and annuities

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

CE 

percent

imputed

2006 CPS 314.9 CE - Reference Year 2006 283.5 90.0 22. CE - Jan 2007 213.6 67.8 24. CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 302.6 96.1 24.2005 CPS 310.3 CE - Reference Year 2005 290.4 93.6 21. CE - Jan 2006 268.1 86.4 16. CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 291.1 93.8 22.2004 CPS 291.9 CE - Reference Year 2004 280.1 96.0 21. CE - Jan 2005 300.0 102.8 14. CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 316.3 108.3 19.2003 CPS 276.3 CE - Reference Year 2003 226.3 81.9 CE - Jan 2004 252.6 91.5 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 231.8 83.9

2002

 CPS 262.5 CE - Reference Year 2002 178.7 68.1 CE - Jan 2003 217.4 82.8 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 203.4 77.5
Interest

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

CE 

percent

imputed

2006 CPS 229.2 CE - Reference Year 2006 69.7 30.4 55.

 CE - Jan 2007 66.8 29.1 59. CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 85.7 37.4 52.

2005 CPS 186.9 CE - Reference Year 2005 61.9 33.1 52.

 CE - Jan 2006 37.6 20.1 66. CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 61.3 32.8 57.

2004 CPS 163.2 CE - Reference Year 2004 59.0 36.2 53.

 CE - Jan 2005 59.0 36.1 34. CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 49.8 30.5 50.

2003 CPS 148.3 CE - Reference Year 2003 47.9 32.3 CE - Jan 2004 38.2 25.7 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 43.4 29.22002 CPS 145.4 CE - Reference Year 2002 36.9 25.4 CE - Jan 2003 39.8 27.4 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 41.7 28.7
Dividends, rents, royalties,

estates and trusts estates and trusts

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

CE 

percent

imputed

2006 CPS 186.7 CE - Reference Year 2006 106.9 57.3 33. CE - Jan 2007 80.1 42.9 28. CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 109.5 58.6 38.2005 CPS 169.8 CE - Reference Year 2005 99.9 58.8 36.

 CE - Jan 2006 45.1 26.6 50. CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 71.9 42.3 36.

2004 CPS 157.0 CE - Reference Year 2004 85.3 54.3 37.

 CE - Jan 2005 50.6 32.2 32. CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 81.0 51.6 40.

2003 CPS 152.4 CE - Reference Year 2003 60.7 39.8 CE - Jan 2004 63.2 41.5 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 65.6 43.02002 CPS 119.7 CE - Reference Year 2002 50.3 42.1 CE - Jan 2003 48.9 40.9 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 57.3 47.8
Supplemental Security Inco

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

CE 

percent

imputed

2006 CPS 31.6 CE - Reference Year 2006 23.6 74.6 20. CE - Jan 2007 26.6 84.1 15. CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 25.9 81.8 17.2005 CPS 31.1 CE - Reference Year 2005 25.0 80.4 18. CE - Jan 2006 25.9 83.3 9. CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 26.4 84.7 22.2004 CPS 30.6 CE - Reference Year 2004 20.8 67.9 18. CE - Jan 2005 13.4 43.8 10. CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 18.9 61.9 17.2003 CPS 28.0 CE - Reference Year 2003 19.1 68.2 CE - Jan 2004 14.6 52.0 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 15.5 55.42002 CPS 25.9 CE - Reference Year 2002 23.3 90.0 CE - Jan 2003 19.5 75.2 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 20.8 80.3
Child support

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

CE 

percent

imputed

2006 CPS 25.4 CE - Reference Year 2006 22.6 88.9 9. CE - Jan 2007 18.1 71.3 13. CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 21.3 84.0 9.2005 CPS 26.0 CE - Reference Year 2005 19.2 73.8 8. CE - Jan 2006 17.0 65.4 13. CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 19.6 75.4 9.2004 CPS 27.0 CE - Reference Year 2004 19.2 71.1 13.

 CE - Jan 2005 21.7 80.5 12. CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 21.0 77.7 10.

2003 CPS 25.1 CE - Reference Year 2003 17.1 67.9 CE - Jan 2004 21.5 85.4 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 16.9 67.42002 CPS 24.0 CE - Reference Year 2002 13.3 55.3 CE - Jan 2003 13.3 55.3 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 14.3 59.6
Workers’ compensation

and veterans and veterans’ benefits

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

CE 

percent

imputed

2006 CPS 41.6 CE - Reference Year 2006 11.8 28.4 28.

 CE - Jan 2007 8.4 20.1 44. CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 13.5 32.4 22.

2005 CPS 43.9 CE - Reference Year 2005 10.8 24.5 22.

 CE - Jan 2006 7.5 17.1 0. CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 10.3 23.4 25.

2004 CPS 39.9 CE - Reference Year 2004 8.9 22.4 26. CE - Jan 2005 11.6 29.0 7. CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 8.9 22.4 20.2003 CPS 36.1 CE - Reference Year 2003 8.0 22.2 CE - Jan 2004 8.1 22.5 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 9.9 27.32002 CPS 36.4 CE - Reference Year 2002 7.7 20.4 CE - Jan 2003 6.5 17.2 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 7.1 18.7
Unemployment compensa

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

CE 

percent

imputed

2006 CPS 20.7 CE - Reference Year 2006 12.8 61.9 25.

 CE - Jan 2007 16.0 77.3 34. CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 11.0 53.5 25.

2005 CPS 22.3 CE - Reference Year 2005 13.1 58.8 15.

 CE - Jan 2006 9.9 44.4 34. CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 11.6 52.1 19.

2004 CPS 25.0 CE - Reference Year 2004 18.6 74.3 19.

 CE - Jan 2005 22.4 89.5 40. CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 16.4 65.4 20.

2003 CPS 36.9 CE - Reference Year 2003 18.8 51.0 CE - Jan 2004 20.6 55.8 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 20.0 54.12002 CPS 37.9 CE - Reference Year 2002 14.7 38.7 CE - Jan 2003 13.2 34.8 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 20.1 53.0
Public assistance

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

CE 

Percent

Imputed

2006 CPS 5.6 CE - Reference Year 2006 5.2 92.9 21. CE - Jan 2007 4.9 87.9 43. CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 5.0 90.2 24.2005 CPS 6.6 CE - Reference Year 2005 5.2 78.7 19. CE - Jan 2006 4.9 74.8 15. CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 5.5 83.8 18.2004 CPS 5.8 CE - Reference Year 2004 4.7 82.1 22. CE - Jan 2005 5.6 97.5 18. CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 5.0 87.4 25.2003 CPS 7.1 CE - Reference Year 2003 4.1 57.4 CE - Jan 2004 2.6 36.9 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 3.9 55.72002 CPS 6.0 CE - Reference Year 2002 4.1 67.8 CE - Jan 2003 4.2 69.6 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 4.6 76.6
All other income, including accident & temporary insu

educational assistance alimony financial assistaeducational assistance, alimony, financial assista

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

CE 

percent

imputed

2006 CPS 66.6 CE - Reference Year 2006 41.4 62.1 33.

 CE - Jan 2007 36.6 55.0 25. CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 38.0 57.0 31.

2005 CPS 72.0 CE - Reference Year 2005 40.7 56.5 26.

 CE - Jan 2006 41.9 58.1 40. CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 43.9 60.9 34.

2004 CPS 70.2 CE - Reference Year 2004 43.1 61.4 22.

 CE - Jan 2005 72.6 103.5 20. CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 55.2 78.6 22.

2003 CPS 70.0 CE - Reference Year 2003 28.0 40.0 CE - Jan 2004 48.5 69.2 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 32.9 47.02002 CPS 66.7 CE - Reference Year 2002 38.1 57.2 CE - Jan 2003 107.0 160.5 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 46.3 69.5
Contact Information Contact Information

Bill Passero

Passero.Bill@bls.gov