1 

March 2007 Benchmarks for the Nonfarm Payroll Survey Daniel JacksonEconomist 

With the release of data for January 2008, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) introduced its annual revi

estimates of employment, hours, and earnings from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) monthly survey of establishments. Each year, the CES survey realigns its sample-based estimates to incorporate universe counts of process known as benchmarking. Comprehensive counts of employment, or benchmarks, are derived primarily funemployment insurance (UI) tax reports that nearly all employers are required to file with State Workforce Age

Summary of the benchmark revisions 

The March 2007 benchmark level for total nonfarm employment is 136,533,000; this figure is 293,000 be

estimate for March 2007, an adjustment of -0.2 percent. Table 1 shows the total nonfarm percentage benchmark 

ten years. 

Table 2 shows the nonfarm employment benchmarks for March 2007, not seasonally adjusted, by industr

case, benchmark revisions at many industry levels were larger in percentage terms than at total nonfarm, but wer

individual supersector dominated in terms of the size of revision. Six supersectors had downward revisions. The 

revision occurred in manufacturing with a revision of -137,000, or -1.0 percent. The revision is concentrated in m
2 

-33,900 or -2.9 percent, plastic and rubber products, revised by -33,400 or -4.4 percent, and computer and electro

by -29,000 or -2.3 percent. 

Other supersectors had downward revisions of similar magnitude. Estimates in financial activities were r

1.3 percent, while estimates were revised downward by 108,000, or -0.8 percent, in leisure and hospitality. Withinsurance carriers was revised -47,700, or -3.4 percent. Limited-service eating places revised in leisure and hosp

1.1 percent. 

Information had a revision of -54,000, or -1.8 percent. Most of the revision in information was driven by 

which was revised down by 29,600, or -2.9 percent. Other supersectors with downward revisions were governmpercent) and education and health services (-39,000, or -0.2 percent). 

Four supersectors had upward revisions. Trade, transportation, and utilities was revised upward by 140,0

Within the supersector, retail trade dominated with a revision of 107,500, or 0.7 percent. Also contributing was awholesale trade of 21,500, or 0.4 percent, and an upward revision in transportation and warehousing of 11,500, oother supersectors with upward revisions were professional and business services (revised up 44,000, or 0.2 perc

(18,000, or 0.3 percent), and construction (6,000, or 0.1 percent). Revisions in the post-benchmark period 
3 

Post-benchmark period estimates from April 2007 to October 2007 were calculated for each month based 

levels, new model-based estimates for the net of birth/death employment, and a slightly new sample composition annual sample update (beginning with November). 

Text table A shows the net birth/death model figures for the supersectors over the post-benchmark period

December 2007, the cumulative net birth/death model added 883,000, compared with 1,059,000 in the previously December estimates. Why benchmarks differ from estimatesA benchmark revision is the difference between the benchmark employment level for a given March and its correbased estimate. The overall accuracy of the establishment survey is usually gauged by the size of this differencerevision often is regarded as a proxy for total survey error, but this does not take into account error in the univers

employment counts obtained from quarterly unemployment insurance tax forms are administrative data that reflekeeping practices and differing State laws and procedures. The benchmark revision can be more precisely interpbetween two independently derived employment counts, each subject to its own error sources. 

Like all sample surveys, the establishment survey is susceptible to two sources of error: sampling error a

Sampling error is present any time a sample is used to make inferences about a population. The magnitude of thvariance, relates directly to sample size and the percentage of the universe covered by that sample. The CES mo
4 

slightly under one-third of the universe, exceptionally high by usual sampling standards. This coverage insures a at the total nonfarm employment level. 

Both the universe counts and the establishment survey estimates are subject to nonsampling errors comm

coverage, response, and processing errors. The error structures for both the CES monthly survey and the UI univ

Still, the two programs generally produce consistent total employment figures, each validating the other. Over thbenchmark revisions at the total nonfarm level have averaged 0.2 percent, with an absolute range from less than percent. Benchmark revisions effects for other datatypes 

The routine benchmarking process results in revisions to the series for production and nonsupervisory wo

benchmark employment levels for these series; they are revised by preserving ratios of employment for the partic

employees employment prior to benchmarking, and then applying these ratios to the revised all-employee figurescalculated at the basic cell level and then aggregated to produce the summary estimates. 

Average weekly hours and average hourly earnings are not benchmarked; they are estimated solely from 

survey respondents at the basic estimating cell level. 

The aggregate industry levels of the hours and earnings series are derived as a weighted average. The pro

nonsupervisory worker employment estimates for the basic cells are used as weights for the hours and earnings e
5 

industry groupings. Adjustments of the all-employee estimates to new benchmarks may alter the weights, whichthe estimates for hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers at higher levels of aggregation. 

Generally, new employment benchmarks have little effect on hours and earnings estimates for major grou

the hours and earnings estimates of a broader group, employment revisions have to be relatively large and must ahave hours or earnings averages that are substantially different from those of other industries in their group. Tab

on the levels of specific hours and earnings series resulting from the March 2007 benchmark. At the total private change in average weekly hours from the previously published level, while average hourly earnings was decreasepublished level by 1 cent. Methods Benchmark adjustment procedure. Establishment survey benchmarking is done on an annual basis to a populatio

from the administrative file of employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI). The time required to complprocess—from the full collection of the UI population data to publication of the revised industry estimates—is abbenchmark adjustment procedure replaces the March sample-based employment estimates with UI-based populaThe benchmark therefore determines the final employment levels, while sample movements capture month-to-m

Benchmarks are established for each basic estimating cell and are aggregated to develop published levels

adjusted basis, the sample-based estimates for the year preceding and the year following the benchmark also are revision. Employment estimates for the months between the most recent March benchmark and the previous yea
6 

adjusted using a "wedge back" procedure. In this process, the difference between the benchmark level and the pr

March estimate for each estimating cell is computed. This difference, or error, is linearly distributed across the 1

subsequent to the previous benchmark; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added to February estimates, teestimates, and so on, ending with the previous April estimates, which receive one-twelfth of the March differencprocedure assumes that the total estimation error accumulated at a steady rate since the last benchmark. Applyinover-the-month sample changes to the revised March level yields revised estimates for the months following the New net birth/death model estimates also are calculated and applied during post-benchmark estimation, and new from the annual update. Benchmark source material. The principal source of benchmark data for private industries is the Quarterly Censand Wages (QCEW). These employment data are provided to State Workforce Agencies by employers covered BLS uses several other sources to establish benchmarks for the remaining industries partially covered or exempt coverage, accounting for nearly 3 percent of the nonfarm employment total. 

Data on employees covered under Social Security laws, published by the U.S. Census Bureau in County B

used to augment UI data for industries not fully covered by the UI scope, such as nonoffice insurance sales workworkers, religious organizations, and private schools and hospitals. Benchmarks for State and local government educational institutions are based on the Annual Census of Governments conducted by the Census Bureau. Benc
7 

these sources are available only on a lagged basis. Extrapolation to a current level is accomplished by applying t

trends from the UI-covered part of the population in these industries to the noncovered part. Universe data for inobtained from the Railroad Retirement Board. Business birth and death estimation. Regular updating of the CES sample frame with information from the UI unkeep the CES survey current with respect to employment from business births and business deaths. The timeliest 

available, however, always will be a minimum of 9 months out of date. The CES survey thus can not rely on regumaintenance alone to provide estimates for business birth and death employment contributions. BLS has researchbased and model-based approaches to measuring birth units that have not yet appeared on the UI universe frame. demonstrated that sampling for births was not feasible in the very short CES production timeframes, the Bureau 

based approach for this component. 

Earlier research indicated that while both the business birth and death portions of total employment are ge

the net contribution is relatively small and stable. To account for this net birth/death portion of total employmentestimation procedure with two components. The first component uses business deaths to impute employment for is incorporated into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is an ARIMA time serie

estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series 
8 

the ARIMA model was derived from the UI universe micro level database, and reflects the actual residual net of the past five years. The net birth/death model component figures are unique to each month and include negative amonths. Furthermore, these figures may exhibit a seasonal pattern observed in the historical UI universe data serAvailability of revised dataLABSTAT, the BLS public database on the Internet, contains all historical employment, hours, and earnings data 

this benchmark, including both unadjusted and seasonally adjusted data. The data can be accessed at https://ww

Current Employment Statistics homepage. Conversion to the 2007 North American Industry Classification System 

Also with the release of the January 2008 data, the CES national nonfarm payroll series were updated to t

American Industry Classification System (NAICS) from the 2002 NAICS basis. The conversion to NAICS 2007 definitional changes within the manufacturing, information, financial activities, and professional and technical semost significant revisions are in the Information sector, particularly within the Telecommunications area. None crossed supersector boundaries. 

In order to avoid time series breaks, all impacted series were reconstructed back to at least 1990. For a sm

the reconstruction extends back prior to 1990, to the previously existing start date of the series. The reconstructiobased on the first quarter 2007 unemployment insurance (UI) microdata, which were coded on both a 2002 NAIC
9 

basis. Ratios were established from this dual coded file; the ratios were used to map employment from the 2002 2007 NAICS series. For example, the March 2007 employment ratios for 2007 NAICS subsector 50-5171 (wirecarriers) indicate that 71.6 percent of the series is formed from 2002 NAICS 50-5171, 23 percent of it comes from 5175 (cable and other program distribution), and 5.4 percent is from 2002 NAICS 50-5181 (ISPs and web search ratios were applied to the 2002 NAICS series and the results were summed to derive the 2007 NAICS series. Th2007 NAICS employment ratios, or distribution of employment from 2002 NAICS to 2007 NAICS, can be seen 2007 NAICS to 2002 NAICS employment ratios, or the composition of the 2007 NAICS series from 2002 NAICexhibit 2. Exhibit 1. 2002 NAICS to 2007 NAICS employment ratios 

CES NAICS 

2002 

Tabcode

2002 Industry

CES NAICS 

2007 

Tabcode

2007 Industry Ratio

31-334200 Communications 

equipment

31-334200 Communications 

equipment

96.3 

31-334200 Communications 

equipment 

31-334515 Electricity and signal 

testing instruments 

3.7 

31-339100 Medical equipment and 

supplies 

31-333200 Industrial machinery 0.3 

31-339100 Medical equipment and 

supplies 

31-333400 HVAC and commercial 

refrigeration equipment 

0.1 

31-339100 Medical equipment and 

supplies 

31-333990 All other general purpose 

machinery 

0.4 

31-339100 Medical equipment and 

supplies 

31-337129 Miscellaneous household 

and institutional furniture 

0.9 

31-339100 Medical equipment and 

supplies 

31-339100 Medical equipment and 

supplies 

98.4 

32-315211 Men's cut and sew 32-314990 All other textile product 21 
10 

apparel contractors mills 

32-315211 Men's cut and sew 

apparel contractors 

32-315211 Men's cut and sew 

apparel contractors 

79 

32-315212 Women's cut and sew 

apparel contractors 

32-314990 All other textile product 

mills 

3.9 

32-315212 Women's cut and sew 

apparel contractors 

32-315212 Women's cut and sew 

apparel contractors 

96.1 

32-326190 Other plastics products 31-336612 Boat Building 0.2 32-326190 Other plastics products 32-326190 Other plastics products 99.8 32-326291 Rubber products for 

mechanical use 

32-326291 Rubber products for 

mechanical use 

91.7 

32-326291 Rubber products for 

mechanical use 

32-326299 All other rubber products 8.3 

32-326299 All other rubber products 31-336612 Boat Building 0.7 32-326299 All other rubber products 32-326299 All other rubber products 99.3 50-516000 Internet publishing and 

broadcasting 

50-519100 All other information 

services 

100 

50-517212 Cellular and other 

wireless carriers 

50-517200 Wireless 

telecommunications carriers (except satellite) 

100 

50-517300 Telecommunications 

resellers 

50-517911 Telecommunications 

resellers 

100 

50-517500 Cable and other program 

distribution 

50-517100 Wired telecommunications 

carriers 

100 

50-518100 ISPs and web search 

portals 

50-517100 Wired telecommunications 

carriers 

41 

50-518100 ISPs and web search 

portals 

50-517919 All other 

telecommunications 

28 

50-518100 ISPs and web search 

portals 

50-519100 All other information 

services 

31.1 

55-525900 Other investment pools 

and funds 

55-525900 Other investment pools 

and funds 

90.4 

55-525900 Other investment pools 

and funds 

55-531110 Lessors of residential 

buildings 

4.1 

55-525900 Other investment pools 

and funds 

55-531120 Lessors of nonresidential 

buildings 

3.7 

55-525900 Other investment pools 55-531130 Miniwarehouse and self- 0.4 
11 

and funds storage unit operators 

55-525900 Other investment pools 

and funds 

55-531190 Lessors of other real 

estate property 

1.4 

60-541612 Human resource 

consulting services 

60-541612 Human resource 

consulting services 

72.9 

60-541612 Human resource 

consulting services 

60-561312 Executive search services 27.1 

60-561310 Employment placement 

agencies 

60-561311 Employment placement 

agencies 

100 

Exhibit 2. 2007 NAICS to 2002 NAICS employment ratios 

CES NAICS 

2007 

Tabcode

2007 Industry

CES NAICS 

2002 

Tabcode

2002 Industry Ratio

31-333200 Industrial machinery 31-333200 Industrial machinery 99.4 31-333200 Industrial machinery 31-339100 Medical equipment and 

supplies 

0.6 

31-333400 HVAC and commercial 

refrigeration equipment 

31-333400 HVAC and commercial 

refrigeration equipment 

99.9 

31-333400 HVAC and commercial 

refrigeration equipment 

31-339100 Medical equipment and 

supplies 

0.1 

31-333990 All other general purpose 

machinery 

31-333990 All other general purpose 

machinery 

99.1 

31-333990 All other general purpose 

machinery 

31-339100 Medical equipment and 

supplies 

0.9 

31-334515 Electricity and signal 

testing instruments 

31-334515 Electricity and signal 

testing instruments 

89.3 

31-334515 Electricity and signal 

testing instruments 

31-334200 Communications 

equipment 

10.7 

31-334515 Electricity and signal 

testing instruments 

31-334515 Electricity and signal 

testing instruments 

89.3 

31-334515 Electricity and signal 

testing instruments 

31-334220 Broadcast and wireless 

communications equipment 

10.7 

31-336612 Boat building 31-336612 Boat building 98.4 31-336612 Boat building 32-326190 Other plastics products 1.3 
12 

31-336612 Boat building 32-326299 All other rubber products 0.3 

31-337129 Miscellaneous household 

and institutional furniture 

31-337129 Miscellaneous household 

and institutional furniture 

93.8 

31-337129 Miscellaneous household 

and institutional furniture 

31-339100 Medical equipment and 

supplies 

6.2 

32-314990 All other textile product 

mills 

32-314990 All other textile product 

mills 

88.3 

32-314990 All other textile product 

mills 

32-315211 Men's cut and sew 

apparel contractors 

6.7 

32-314990 All other textile product 

mills 

32-315212 Women's cut and sew 

apparel contractors 

5 

32-315210 Cut and sew apparel 

contractors 

32-315212 Women's cut and sew 

apparel contractors 

83.3 

32-315210 Cut and sew apparel 

contractors 

32-315211 Men's cut and sew 

apparel contractors 

16.7 

32-326299 All other rubber products 32-326299 All other rubber products 88.9 32-326299 All other rubber products 32-326291 Rubber products for 

mechanical use 

11.1 

50-517100 Wired telecommunications 

carriers 

50-517100 Wired telecommunications 

carriers 

71.6 

50-517100 Wired telecommunications 

carriers 

50-517500 Cable and other program 

distribution 

23 

50-517100 Wired telecommunications 

carriers 

50-518100 ISPs and web search 

portals 

5.4 

50-517200 Wireless 

telecommunications carriers (except satellite) 

50-517212 Cellular and other 

wireless carriers 

92 

50-517200 Wireless 

telecommunications carriers (except satellite) 

50-517200 Wireless 

telecommunications carriers (except satellite) 

8 

50-517900 Other telecommunications 50-517300 Telecommunications 

resellers 

72.6 

50-517900 Other telecommunications 50-518100 ISPs and web search 

portals 

14.6 

50-517900 Other telecommunications 50-517900 Satellite and other 

telecommunications 

12.7 

50-517911 Telecommunications 50-517300 Telecommunications 100 
13 

resellers resellers 

50-519130 Internet publishing and 

broadcasting and web search portals 

50-516000 Internet publishing and 

broadcasting 

60.8 

50-519130 Internet publishing and 

broadcasting and web search portals 

50-518100 ISPs and web search 

portals 

39.2 

55-531110 Lessors of residential 

buildings 

55-531110 Lessors of residential 

buildings 

99.5 

55-531110 Lessors of residential 

buildings 

55-525900 Other investment pools 

and funds 

0.5 

55-531120 Lessors of nonresidential 

buildings 

55-531120 Lessors of nonresidential 

buildings 

98.9 

55-531120 Lessors of nonresidential 

buildings 

55-525900 Other investment pools 

and funds 

1.1 

55-531130 Miniwarehouse and selfstorage unit operators 55-531130 Miniwarehouse and self- storage unit operators 99.5 55-531130 Miniwarehouse and selfstorage unit operators 55-525900 Other investment pools and funds 0.5 55-531190 Lessors of other real 

estate property 

55-531190 Lessors of other real 

estate property 

98.5 

55-531190 Lessors of other real 

estate property 

55-525900 Other investment pools 

and funds 

1.5 

60-561311 Employment placement 

agencies 

60-561310 Employment placement 

agencies 

100 

60-561312 Executive search services 60-541612 Human resource 

consulting services 

100 

None of the revisions due to the 2007 NACIS conversion crossed supersector boundaries. However, in so

employment levels for impacted supersectors and higher level aggregates may differ from the previously publishdifferences are minimal and are due to rounding of the lower level reconstructed series which are aggregated to fseries. 
14 

A comparable procedure is used for hours and earnings series. Reconstructed hours and earnings for the 

produced from a weighted average of the 2002 NAICS component series, the weights being the 2002 NAICS to 2(described above). An example of the hours and earnings reconstruction is illustrated in exhibit 3. Exhibit 3. Hours and earnings reconstruction example using 2007 NAICS code 50-517100 - Wireless telecocarriers 1

2002 NAICS Structure 2007 NAICS Structure 

2002 

NAICS 

code 

Ratio 

2

Production 

workers 

Aggregate 

hours 

Aggregate 

payrolls 

Production 

workers 

Aggregate 

hours 

Aggregate 

payrolls 

Average 

weekly 

hours 4

50-5171 

1.00 402,300 16,655,000 407,553,000 402,300 16,655,000 407,553,000

50-5175 

1.00 114,500 4,557,000 78,792,000 114,500 4,557,000 78,792,000 

50-5181 

0.43 90,400 3,318,000 81,383,000 39,100 1,433,400 35,158,000 

Sum 3 555,900 22,645,400 521,503,000 40.7 

1 Data are derived from March 2006 unemployment insurance data 2 The ratio represents the percent of employment in the 2002 NAICS industry that went into a specific 2007 NAICS industry 3 2007 NAICS data where sum represents new level of production workers, aggregate hours, and aggregate payrolls 4 Average weekly hours = aggregate hours/production workers 5 Average hourly earnings = aggregate payrolls/aggregate hours 

As mentioned earlier, these ratios were used to reconstruct impacted series back to at least 1990. For Apr

data for all 2007 NAICS series were produced in accordance with standard sample-based estimation techniques. hours, and earnings for impacted series were re-estimated using existing sample reports. 
15 

Changes to the CES published series 

The conversion to 2007 NAICS caused several changes to the CES published series. Exhibit 4 shows dis

2002 series that have been reclassified into 2007 NAICS. Exhibit 5 shows new series as a result of 2007 NAICSchanges in scope to published series due to the 2007 NAICS reclassification. Exhibit 4. Discontinued 2002 NAICS series and reclassification into 2007 NAICS 

NAICS 

2002

CES 

NAICS 

2002 

Tabcode

Title Reclassification

516 50-516000 Internet publishing 

and broadcasting

Moved into new NAICS 2007 industry Internet 

publishing and broadcasting and web search portals 

(50-519130)

517212 50-517212 Cellular and other 

wireless carriers

Combined with paging (50-517211) as Wireless 

telecommunications carriers (50-517200)

5173 50-517300 Telecommunications 

resellers

Moved to Other telecommunications (50-

519100) as Telecommunications resellers (50-517919)

5175 50-517500 Cable and other 

program distribution

Moved into Wired telecommunications carriers (50-

517100)

5181 50-5181 ISPs and web search 

portals

Moved the Web search portals portion to Internet 

publishing and broadcasting and web search portals 

(50-519130); Moved ISPs providing services via clientsupplied telecommunications connection portion to 

Other telecommunications (50-517900); Moved the 

Broadband internet service providers (e.g., cable, DSL) 

portion to Wired telecommunications carriers (50-

517100)

Exhibit 5. New series as a result of 2007 NAICS 

NAICS CES Title Composed of NAICS 2002 industries
16 

2007 NAICS 

2007 

Tabcode

5179 50-

517900

Other 

telecommunications

Other telecommunications (50-517900) and 

Telecommunications resellers (50-517300)

517911 50-

517911

Telecommunications 

resellers

Telecommunications resellers (50-517300)

51911,2,9

50-519190

All other information 

services

Other information services (50-519100)

51913 50-

519130

Internet publishing 

and broadcasting 

and web search 

portals

Internet publishing and broadcasting (50-516000) and 

the web search portals portion of (50-518000)

561311 60-

561311

Employment 

placement agencies

Employment placement agencies (60-561310)

561312 60-

561312

Executive search services

A portion of Human resource consulting services (60-541612)

Exhibit 6. Change in scope due to 2007 NAICS 

 NAICS 

2007 

CES NAICS

2007 

Tabcode 

Title Composed of NAICS 2002 industries 

33422 31-334220 

Broadcasting and wireless communications equipment 

A portion of Broadcasting and wireless communications equipment (31-334220) devoted to communications signal testing and evaluation equipment was moved to Electricity and signal testing instruments (31-334515) 

334515 31-334515 Electricity and signal testing instruments 

A portion of Broadcasting and wireless communications equipment (31-334220) devoted to communications 

signal testing and evaluation equipment was added to 

Electricity and signal testing instruments (31-334515) 

33911 31-339100 Medical equipment and supplies Laboratory apparatus and furniture manufacturing was removed from (31-339100) and reclassified into 
17 

Industrial machinery (31-333200), AC, refrigeration, and forced air heating (31-333415), All other general purpose

machinery (31-333900), Surgical appliances and supplies(31-339113), and Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture (31-337129) 

3332 31-333200 Industrial machinery 

Laboratory distilling equipment was removed from Medical equipment and supplies (31-339100) and added into Industrial machinery (31-333200) 

333415 31-333415 AC, refrigeration, and forced air heating Laboratory freezers was removed from Medical equipment supplies (31-339100) and added into AC, refrigeration, and forced air heating (31-334150) 

339 31-339000 All other general purpose machinery 

Laboratory furnaces and ovens, Laboratory scales and balances, and Laboratory centrifuges was removed from Medical equipment and supplies (31-339100) and added into All other general purpose machinery (31-339000) 

339113 31-339113 Surgical appliances and supplies 

All other laboratory apparatus and furniture except 

laboratory distilling equipment, freezers, furnaces, ovens,

scales, balances, centrifuges, and furniture was removed from Medical equipment and supplies (31-339100) and added to Surgical appliances and supplies (31-339113) 

337129 31-337129 

Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture 

Laboratory furniture (e.g., stools, tables, benches) was removed from Medical equipment and supplies (31-339100) and added to Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture (31-337129) 

31521 32-315210 Cut and sew apparel contractors Embroidery contractors removed from Cut and sew apparel contractors (32-315210) and added to All other textile product mills (32-314990) 31499 32-314990 All other textile product mills Embroidery contractors from Cut and sew apparel contractors (32-315210) were added to All other textile product mills (32-314990) 32619 32-326190 Other plastics productsInflatable plastics boats was removed from Other plastic 
18 

products (32-326190) and moved to Boat building (31-336612) 

336612 31-336612 Boat building 

Inflatable plastics boats from Other plastic products (32-326190) and Inflatable rubber boats from All other rubber products (32-326299) was added to Boat building (31-336612) 

326291 32-326291 

Rubber product manufacturing for mechanical use 

Rubber tubing for mechanical use was removed from Rubber product manufacturing for mechanical use (32-326291) and added to All other rubber products (32-326299) 

326299 32-326299 All other rubber products Rubber tubing for mechanical use was added to All other rubber products (32-326299), while inflatable rubber boats was moved to Boat building (31-336612) 

5171 50-517100 

Wired telecommunications carriers 

The broadband internet service providers (e.g., cable, DSL) portion of (50-518000) and moved to Wired telecommunications carriers (50-517110) along with Cable and other program distribution (50-517500) 

5172 50-517200 

Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) 

Paging (50-517211) and Cellular and other wireless carries (50-517212) were discontinued and moved into Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) (50-517200) 

517911 50-517911 Telecommunications resellers Telecommunications resellers (50-517310) was moved to Other telecommunications into Telecommunications resellers (50-517911) 

5191 50-519100 Other information services 

All of Internet publishing and broadcasting (50-516000) and the Web search portals portion of (50-518100) was added into Other information services (50-519100), specifically into Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals (50-519130) 

51913 50-519130 Internet publishing 

and broadcasting and 

All of Internet publishing and broadcasting (50-516000) and the Web search portals portion of (50-518100) into 
19 

web search portals Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search 

portals (50-519130) 

518 50-518000 

Data processing, hosting and related services 

Moved the Web search portals portion of (50-518000) to Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals (50-519130) and moved the Internet service providers providing services via client-supplied telecommunications connection portion of (50-518000) to

Other telecommunications (50-517900). Also moved the Broadband Internet service providers (e.g., cable, DSL) portion of (50-518000) to Wired telecommunications carriers (50-517100) 

5174,9 50-517900 Other telecommunications Telecommunications resellers (50-517310) was added to Other telecommunications into Telecommunications resellers (50-517911) 

5259 55-525900 Other investment pools and funds 

Portions of Other investment pools and funds (55-525900) were moved to Lessors of Residential Buildings (55-531110), Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (55-531120), Miniwarehouse and self-storage operators (55-

531130), and Lessors of other real estate property (55-531190) 

53111 55-531110 Lessors of residential buildings 

A portion of Other investment pools and funds (55-525900) dealing with hybrid or equity REITs primarily leasing residential buildings and dwellings were added to Lessors of residential buildings (55-531110) 

53112 55-531120 

Lessors of nonresidential buildings 

A portion of Other investment pools and funds (55-525900) dealing with hybrid or equity REITS primarily leasing nonresidential buildings were added to Lessors of nonresidential buildings (55-531120) 

53113 55-531130 Miniwarehouse and self-storage operators

A portion of Other investment pools and funds (55-525900) dealing with hybrid or equity REITs primarily leasing miniwarehouses or self-storage units were added to Miniwarehouses and self-storage operators (55-
20 

531130) 

53119 55-531190 Lessors of other real estate property 

A portion of Other investment pools and funds (55-525900) dealing with hybrid or equity REITS primarily leasing other real estate property were added to Lessors of other real estate property (55-531190) 

541612 60-541612 Human resource consulting services 

Executive search consulting services was moved out of Human resource consulting services (60-541612) and added into Employment placement agencies (60-561310)

creating Executive search services (60-561312) 

56131 60-561310 

Employment placement agencies and executive search agencies 

Executive search consulting services was moved out of Human resources consulting services (60-541612) and added into Employment placement agencies (60-561310)

Additionally, the CES program conducts an annual review of sample adequacy for its estimation and pub

makes adjustments to the published series as warranted. This year several all employee series will be discontinuannual review of sample employment and universe coverage. Exhibit 7 shows the discontinued all employee sersample adequacy review. Exhibit 7. Discontinued all employee series 

Industry title NAICS code CES industry tabcode Next highest published level 

Office machinery 333313 31-333313 Commercial and service 

industry machinery (31-333300)

Photographic and photocopying 

333315 31-333315 Commercial and service 

industry machinery (31-
21 

equipment 333300)

Miscellaneous commercial and service industry machinery

333319 31-333319 Commercial and service 

industry machinery (31-333300)

Electric lamp bulbs and parts

33511 31-335110 Electric lighting equipment 

(31-335100 )

Lighting fixtures 33512 31-335120 Electric lighting equipment 

(31-335100 )

Electric housewares and household fans

335211 31-335211 Small electrical appliances 

(31-335210)

Household refrigerators and home freezers

335222 31-335222 Major appliances (31-

335220)

Current carrying devices

335931 31-335931 Wiring devices (31-335930) 

Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves

336311 31-336311 Motor vehicle gasoline 

engine parts (31-336310)

Gasoline engine and engine parts

336312 31-336312 Motor vehicle gasoline 

engine parts (31-336310)

Hosiery and sock mills

31511 32-315110 Apparel knitting mills (32-

315100)

Men's cut and sew apparel contractors

315211 32-315211 Cut and sew apparel 

contractors(32-315210)

Women's cut and sew apparel contractors

315212 32-315212 Cut and sew apparel 

contractors(32-315210)

Review of the sample receipts has also led to the discontinuation of production worker, hours, and earnin

small industries that no longer have sufficient sample. Exhibits 8 and 9 show the series that will be discontinuedExhibit 8. Discontinued production worker, hours, and earnings series 
22 

Industry title NAICS code CES industry tabcode 

Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures 

32711 31-327110 

Nonferrous metal, except CU and AL, shaping 

33149 31-331490 

Iron and steel forging 

332111 31-332111 

Ball and roller bearings 

332991 31-332991 

Search, detection, and navigation instruments 

334511 31-334511 

Motors and generators 

335312 31-335312 

Switchgear and switchboard apparatus 

335313 31-335313 

Aircraft engines and engine parts 

336412 31-336412 

Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts 

336419 31-336419 

Sugar 

31131 32-311310 

Prerecorded tape, CD, and record stores 

45122 42-451220 

Exhibit 9. Discontinued average overtime series 

Industry title NAICS code CES industry tabcode 
23 

Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures 

32711 31-327110 

Nonferrous metal, except CU and AL, shaping 

33149 31-331490 

Iron and steel forging 332111 31-332111 Ball and roller bearings 332991 31-332991 Search, detection, and navigation instruments 

334511 31-334511 

Motors and generators 335312 31-335312 Aircraft engines and engine parts 

336412 31-336412 

Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts 

336419 31-336419 

Sugar 31131 32-311310 Leather and hide tanning and finishing and other leather products 

3169 32-316900 

Finally, the CES program also updated industry titles for a handful of industries. Exhibit 10 shows series 

changed. Exhibit 10. Change in title 

NAICS 

2007 

CES NAICS 

2007 Tabcode Original Title New Title 

4921 43-492100 Couriers Couriers and express delivery services49211 43-492110 Couriers Couriers and express delivery services5172 50-517200 Wireless telecommunications 

carriers

Wireless telecommunications carriers (except 

satellite)

5174,9 50-517900 Satellite and other telecommunications Other telecommunications
24 

518 50-518000 Internet service providers, web 

search portals, and 

data processing 

services

Data processing, hosting and related services

5182 50-518200 Data processing and related services Data processing, hosting and related services51821 50-518210 Data processing and related services Data processing, hosting and related services54171 60-541710 Physical, engineering, and 

biological research

Research and development in the physical, 

engineering, and life sciences

56131 60-561310 Employment placement agencies Employment placement agencies and executive search agencies561422 60-561422 Telemarketing bureaus Telemarketing bureaus and other contact centers72 70-720000 Accommodations 

and food services

Accommodation and food services

721 70-721000 Accommodations Accommodation7211 70-721100 Traveler 

accommodations 

and other longerterm 

accommodations

Traveler accommodation and other longer-term 

accommodation

72119 70-721190 Miscellaneous 

traveler 

accommodations

Miscellaneous traveler accommodation

721199 70-721199 All other traveler 

accommodations 

and rooming and 

boarding houses

All other traveler accommodation and rooming and 

boarding houses

722212 70-722212 Cafeterias Cafeterias, grill buffets, and buffets
25 

Seasonal adjustment procedure 

BLS uses X-12 ARIMA software developed by the U.S. Census Bureau to seasonally adjust national emp

earnings series derived from the CES program. Individual series are seasonally adjusted using either a multiplicamodel (Exhibit 11), and seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component levels. For employme

NAICS levels are seasonally adjusted, and higher level aggregates are formed by summing these components. Stotals for hours and earnings are obtained by taking weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for the comSpecial model adjustments Variable survey intervals. Beginning with the release of the 1995 benchmark, BLS refined the seasonal adjustm

control for survey interval variations, sometimes referred to as the 4- versus 5- week effect. Although the CES s

a consistent concept – the pay period including the 12th of each month – inconsistencies arise because there are s

sometimes 5 weeks between the week including the 12th in a given pair of months. In highly seasonal industries, 

be an important determinant of the magnitude of seasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the survecomplicating seasonal adjustment. 

Standard seasonal adjustment methodology relies heavily on the experience of the most recent 3 years to 

expected seasonal change in employment for each month of the current year. Prior to the implementation of the procedure did not distinguish between 4- and 5-week survey intervals, and the accuracy of the seasonal expectatimeasure on how well the current year’s survey interval corresponded with those of the previous 3 years. All els
26 

greatest potential for distortion occurred when the current month being estimated had a 5-week interval but the 3 

were all 4-week intervals, or conversely when the current month had a 4-week interval but the 3 years preceding 

intervals. 

BLS adopted REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to identify the estimated siz

the calendar effect for each published series. REGARIMA combines standard regression analysis, which measurtwo or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes and predicts the behavior of data series based on For many economic time series, including nonfarm payroll employment, observations are auto-correlated over timmonth’s value is significantly dependent on the observations that precede it. These series, therefore, usually can using ARIMA models. If auto-correlated time series are modeled through regression analysis alone, the measureamong other variables of interest may be distorted due to the influence of the auto-correlation. Thus, the REGAR

appropriate for measuring relationships among variables of interest in series that exhibit autocorrelation, such as 

employment. 

In this application, the correlations of interest are those between employment levels in individual calenda

lengths of the survey intervals for those months. The REGARIMA models evaluate the variation in employment 11 separate survey interval variables, one specified for each month, except March. March is excluded because th4 weeks between the February and March surveys. Models for individual basic series are fit with the most recenavailable, the standard time span used for CES seasonal adjustment. 
27 

The REGARIMA procedure yields regression coefficients for each of the 11 months specified in the mod

provide estimates of the strength of the relationship between employment levels and the number of weeks betweemodeled months. The X-12 ARIMA software also produces diagnostic statistics that permit the assessment of thsignificance of the regression coefficients, and all series are reviewed for model adequacy. 

Because the 11 coefficients derived from the REGARIMA models provide an estimate of the magnitude o

employment levels associated with the length of the survey interval, these coefficients are used to adjust the CES 

calendar effect. These “filtered” series then are seasonally adjusted using the standard X-12 ARIMA software. 

For a few series, REGARIMA models do not fit well; these series are seasonally adjusted with X-12 soft

interval effect adjustment. There are several additional special effects modeled through the REGARIMA procesbelow. Construction series. Beginning with the 1996 benchmark revision, BLS utilized special treatment to adjust cons

series. In the application of the interval effect modeling process to the construction series, there initially was diff

identifying and measuring the effect because of the strong influence of variable weather patterns on employment industry. Further research allowed BLS to incorporate interval effect modeling for the construction industry by d

construction series into its finer industry and geographic estimating cells and tightening outlier designation param

a more precise identification of weather-related outliers that had masked the interval effect and clouded the seaso
28 

patterns in general. With these outliers removed, interval effect modeling became feasible. The result is a seasofor construction that is improved because it is controlled for two potential distortions: unusual weather events an

week effect. Floating holidays. BLS is continuing the practice of making special adjustments for average weekly hours and aovertime series to account for the presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference period aLabor Day in the September reference period, back to the start date of each series. Local government series. A special adjustment also is made in November each year to account for variations in the presence or absence of poll workers in the local government, excluding educational services series. Refinements in hours and earnings seasonal adjustment. With the release of the 1997 benchmark, BLS implementhe seasonal adjustment process for the hours and earnings series to correct for distortions related to the method ovarying length of payroll periods across months. There is a significant correlation between over-the-month chan

average weekly hour (AWH) and the average hourly earnings (AHE) series and the number of weekdays in a mononeconomic fluctuations in these two series. Both AWH and AHE show more growth in "short" months (20 or "long" months (22 or 23 weekdays). The effect is stronger for the AWH than for the AHE series. 

The calendar effect is traceable to response and processing errors associated with converting payroll and 

from sample respondents with semi-monthly or monthly pay periods to a weekly equivalent. The response error respondents reporting a fixed number of total hours for workers regardless of the length of the reference month, w
29 

conversion process assumes that the hours reporting will be variable. A constant level of hours reporting most liemployees are salaried rather than paid by the hour, as employers are less likely to keep actual detailed hours recemployees. This causes artificial peaks in the AWH series in shorter months that are reversed in longer months. 

The processing error occurs when respondents with salaried workers report hours correctly (vary them ac

of the month), which dictates that different conversion factors be applied to payroll and hours. The CES process

hours conversion factor for both fields, resulting in peaks in the AHE series in short months and reversals in long 

REGARIMA modeling is used to identify, measure, and remove the length-of-pay-period effect for seaso

average weekly hours and average hourly earnings series. The length-of-pay-period variable proves significant f

movements in all the service-providing industries except retail trade. For AHE, the length-of-pay-period variablwholesale trade, financial activities, professional and business services, and other services. All AWH series in thindustries except retail trade have been adjusted from January 1990 forward. The AHE series for wholesale trad

professional and business services, and other services have been adjusted from January 1990 forward as well. Focalculations of over-the-year change in the establishment hours and earnings series should use seasonally adjuste

The series to which the length-of-pay-period adjustment is applied are not subject to the 4- versus 5-week 

modeling cannot support the number of variables that would be required in the regression equation to make both Exhibit 11 for series that have the calendar effects modeling described above. 
30 

Exhibit 11. Model specifications

Seasonal Adjustment - AE 

NAICS 

Tabcode Tabcode title Mode 

4/5 

week 

adj 

Other adj 

1011331000 Logging MULT X 1021100000 Oil and gas 

extraction 

MULT X 

1021200000 Mining, except oil 

and gas 

- X Indirect1

1021210000 Coal mining MULT X 1021300000 Support activities 

for mining 

ADD X 

2023610000 Residential building - X Indirect 2023620000 Nonresidential 

building 

- X Indirect 

2023700000 Heavy and civil 

engineering 

construction 

ADD X 

2023800000 Specialty trade 

contractors 

- X Indirect 

2023800100 Residential specialty 

trade contractors 

MULT X Raked2

2023800200 Nonresidential 

specialty trade 

contractors 

ADD X Raked 

3132100000 Wood products ADD X 3132700000 Nonmetallic mineral 

products 

ADD X 

3133100000 Primary metals MULT X 3133200000 Fabricated metal 

products 

MULT X 

3133300000 Machinery MULT X 3133400000 Computer and 

electronic products 

- X Indirect 

3133410000 Computer and MULT X 
31 

peripheral 

equipment 

3133420000 Communications 

equipment 

MULT X 

3133440000 Semiconductors and 

electronic 

components 

MULT X 

3133450000 Electronic 

instruments 

MULT X 

3133500000 Electrical equipment 

and appliances 

MULT X 

3133600000 Transportation 

equipment 

ADD 

3133600100 Motor vehicles and 

parts 

ADD 

3133700000 Furniture and 

related products 

MULT X 

3133900000 Miscellaneous 

manufacturing 

MULT X 

3231100000 Food manufacturing MULT X 3231200000 Beverages and 

tobacco products 

MULT X 

3231300000 Textile mills MULT X 3231400000 Textile product mills MULT X 3231500000 Apparel MULT X 3231600000 Leather and allied 

products 

MULT X 

3232200000 Paper and paper 

products 

MULT X 

3232300000 Printing and related 

support activities 

MULT X 

3232400000 Petroleum and coal 

products 

MULT X 

3232500000 Chemicals MULT X 3232600000 Plastics and rubber 

products 

MULT X 
32 

4142300000 Durable goods MULT X 4142400000 Nondurable goods MULT X 

4142500000 Electronic markets 

and agents and 

brokers 

MULT X 

4244100000 Motor vehicle and 

parts dealers 

- X Indirect 

4244110000 Automobile dealers MULT X 4244200000 Furniture and home 

furnishings stores 

MULT X 

4244300000 Electronics and 

appliance stores 

MULT X 

4244400000 Building material 

and garden supply 

stores 

MULT X 

4244500000 Food and beverage 

stores 

MULT X 

4244600000 Health and personal 

care stores 

MULT X 

4244700000 Gasoline stations MULT X 4244800000 Clothing and 

clothing accessories 

stores 

MULT X 

4245100000 Sporting goods, 

hobby, book, and 

music stores 

MULT X 

4245200000 General 

merchandise stores 

- X Indirect 

4245210000 Department stores MULT X 4245300000 Miscellaneous store 

retailers 

MULT X 

4245400000 Nonstore retailers MULT X 4348100000 Air transportation MULT X 4348200000 Rail transportation ADD X 4348300000 Water 

transportation 

MULT X 
33 

4348400000 Truck transportation ADD X 

4348500000 Transit and ground 

passenger 

transportation 

ADD 

4348600000 Pipeline 

transportation 

MULT X 

4348700000 Scenic and 

sightseeing 

transportation 

MULT X 

4348800000 Support activities 

for transportation 

ADD X 

4349200000 Couriers and 

messengers 

MULT X 

4349300000 Warehousing and 

storage 

ADD X 

4422100000 Utilities MULT X 5051100000 Publishing 

industries, except 

Internet 

MULT X 

5051200000 Motion picture and 

sound recording 

industries 

MULT X 

5051500000 Broadcasting, 

except Internet 

MULT X 

5051700000 Telecommunications MULT X 5051800000 Data processing, 

hosting and related 

services 

MULT X 

5051900000 Other information 

services 

MULT X 

5552100000 Monetary 

authorities - central 

bank 

ADD X 

5552200000 Credit 

intermediation and 

related activities 

- X Indirect 

5552210000 Depository credit MULT X 
34 

intermediation 

5552211000 Commercial banking MULT X 

5552300000 Securities, 

commodity 

contracts, 

investments 

MULT X 

5552400000 Insurance carriers 

and related 

activities 

MULT X 

5552500000 Funds, trusts, and 

other financial 

vehicles 

MULT X 

5553100000 Real estate ADD X 5553200000 Rental and leasing 

services 

MULT X 

5553300000 Lessors of 

nonfinancial 

intangible assets 

MULT X 

6054100000 Professional and 

technical services 

- X Indirect 

6054110000 Legal services MULT X 6054120000 Accounting and 

bookkeeping 

services 

ADD X 

6054130000 Architectural and 

engineering services

ADD X 

6054150000 Computer systems 

design and related 

services 

ADD X 

6054160000 Management and 

technical consulting 

services 

MULT X 

6055100000 Management of 

companies and 

enterprises 

MULT X 

6056100000 Administrative and 

support services 

- X Indirect 
35 

6056130000 Employment 

services 

MULT X 

6056132000 Temporary help 

services 

MULT X 

6056140000 Business support 

services 

ADD X 

6056170000 Services to 

buildings and 

dwellings 

MULT X 

6056200000 Waste management 

and remediation 

services 

MULT X 

6561100000 Educational services MULT X 6562100000 Ambulatory health 

care services 

- X Indirect 

6562110000 Offices of physicians MULT X 6562140000 Outpatient care 

centers 

MULT X 

6562160000 Home health care 

services 

ADD X 

6562200000 Hospitals MULT X 6562300000 Nursing and 

residential care 

facilities 

- X Indirect 

6562310000 Nursing care 

facilities 

MULT X 

6562400000 Social assistance - X Indirect 6562440000 Child day care 

services 

ADD X 

7071100000 Performing arts and 

spectator sports 

MULT X 

7071200000 Museums, historical 

sites, zoos, and 

parks 

MULT X 

7071300000 Amusements, 

gambling, and 

recreation 

MULT X 
36 

7072100000 Accommodation MULT X 7072200000 Food services and 

drinking places 

ADD X 

8081100000 Repair and 

maintenance 

MULT X 

8081200000 Personal and 

laundry services 

MULT X 

8081300000 Membership 

associations and 

organizations 

ADD 

9091100000 Federal, except U.S. 

Postal Service 

ADD X 

9091912000 U.S. Postal Service MULT X 9092161100 State government 

education 

ADD X 

9092200000 State government, 

excluding education 

MULT X 

9093161100 Local government 

education 

ADD X 

9093200000 Local government, 

excluding education 

ADD X Election 

adjustment3
37 

Seasonal Adjustment - WW 

NAICS 

Tabcode 

Tabcode title 

Mode 

4/5 

week 

adj 

Other adj 

1000000000 Natural resources 

and mining

MULT X

1021000000 Mining MULT X

2000000000 Construction MULT X

3100000000 Durable goods MULT X

3200000000 Nondurable goods MULT X

4142000000 Wholesale trade MULT X

4200000000 Retail trade MULT X

4300000000 Transportation and 

warehousing

MULT X

4422000000 Utilities MULT X

5000000000 Information MULT X

5552000000 Finance and 

insurance

MULT X

5553000000 Real estate and 

rental and leasing

MULT X

6054000000 Professional and 

technical services

MULT X

6055000000 Management of 

companies and 

enterprises

ADD X

6056000000 Administrative and 

waste services

MULT X

6561000000 Educational services MULT X

6562000000 Health care and 

social assistance

MULT X

7071000000 Arts, entertainment, 

and recreation

MULT X

7072000000 Accommodation and 

food services

ADD X

8000000000 Other services ADD X

9091000000 Federal MULT X

9092000000 State government MULT X

9093000000 Local government MULT X Election 

adjustment 
38 

Seasonal Adjustment - PW 

NAICS 

Tabcode Tabcode title Mode 

4/5 

week 

adj 

Other adj 

 

1000000000 Natural resources 

and mining 

ADD X 

2000000000 Construction ADD X 

3132100000 Wood products ADD X 

3132700000 Nonmetallic mineral 

products 

ADD X 

3133100000 Primary metals MULT X 

3133200000 Fabricated metal 

products 

MULT X 

3133300000 Machinery MULT X 

3133400000 Computer and 

electronic products 

MULT X 

3133500000 Electrical equipment 

and appliances 

MULT X 

3133600000 Transportation 

equipment 

MULT 

3133600100 Motor vehicles and 

parts 

ADD 

3133700000 Furniture and 

related products 

MULT X 

3133900000 Miscellaneous 

manufacturing 

MULT X 

3231100000 Food manufacturing MULT X 

3231200000 Beverages and 

tobacco products 

ADD X 

3231300000 Textile mills MULT X 

3231400000 Textile product mills MULT X 

3231500000 Apparel MULT X 

3231600000 Leather and allied 

products 

MULT X 

3232200000 Paper and paper 

products 

MULT X 

3232300000 Printing and related 

support activities 

MULT X 

3232400000 Petroleum and coal 

products 

MULT X 

3232500000 Chemicals ADD X 

3232600000 Plastics and rubber 

products 

MULT X 

4142000000 Wholesale trade MULT X 

4200000000 Retail trade MULT X 

4300000000 Transportation and 

warehousing 

MULT X 

4422000000 Utilities MULT X 
39 

5000000000 Information MULT X 

5500000000 Financial activities ADD X 

6000000000 Professional and 

business services 

ADD X 

6500000000 Education and 

health services 

MULT X 

7000000000 Leisure and 

hospitality 

ADD X 

8000000000 Other services MULT X 

Seasonal Adjustment - AWH 

NAICS 

Tabcode 

Tabcode title 

Mode 

4/5 

week 

adj 

10/11 

day adj 

Easter

/ 

Labor 

Day 

adj 

 

1000000000 Natural resources 

and mining 

MULT X X 

2000000000 Construction ADD X X 

3132100000 Wood products MULT X X 

3132700000 Nonmetallic mineral 

products 

MULT X X 

3133100000 Primary metals MULT X X 

3133200000 Fabricated metal 

products 

MULT X X 

3133300000 Machinery MULT X X 

3133400000 Computer and 

electronic products 

MULT X X 

3133500000 Electrical equipment 

and appliances 

MULT X X 

3133600000 Transportation 

equipment 

MULT X X 

3133600100 Motor vehicles and 

parts 

MULT X X 

3133700000 Furniture and 

related products 

MULT X X 

3133900000 Miscellaneous 

manufacturing 

MULT X X 

3231100000 Food manufacturing MULT X X 

3231200000 Beverages and 

tobacco products 

MULT X X 

3231300000 Textile mills ADD X X 

3231400000 Textile product mills MULT X X 

3231500000 Apparel MULT X X 

3231600000 Leather and allied 

products 

MULT X X 

3232200000 Paper and paper 

products 

MULT X X 

3232300000 Printing and related MULT X X 
40 

support activities 

3232400000 Petroleum and coal 

products 

MULT X X 

3232500000 Chemicals MULT X 

3232600000 Plastics and rubber 

products 

MULT X X 

4142000000 Wholesale trade MULT X X 

4200000000 Retail trade MULT X 

4300000000 Transportation and 

warehousing 

MULT X X 

4422000000 Utilities MULT X 

5000000000 Information MULT X 

5500000000 Financial activities MULT X 

6000000000 Professional and 

business services 

MULT X X 

6500000000 Education and 

health services 

MULT X 

7000000000 Leisure and 

hospitality 

MULT X 

8000000000 Other services MULT X X 

Seasonal Adjustment - AHE 

NAICS 

Tabcode Tabcode title Mode 

4/5 

week 

adj 

10/11 

day adj 

 

1000000000 Natural resources 

and mining 

MULT X 

2000000000 Construction MULT X 

3100000000 Durable goods ADD X 

3200000000 Nondurable goods MULT X 

4142000000 Wholesale trade ADD X 

4200000000 Retail trade MULT X 

4300000000 Transportation and 

warehousing 

MULT X 

4422000000 Utilities ADD X 

5000000000 Information MULT X 

5500000000 Financial activities MULT X 

6000000000 Professional and 

business services 

MULT X 

6500000000 Education and 

health services 

MULT X 

7000000000 Leisure and 

hospitality 

MULT X 

8000000000 Other services MULT X 
41 

Seasonal Adjustment Comparison - AOT 

NAICS 

Tabcode Tabcode title Mode 

4/5 

week 

adj 

10/11 

day adj 

East

Lab

Day 

31000000 Durable goods MULT X X 32000000 Nondurable goods MULT X X 

1Seasonal adjustment occurs at the lowest available industry level. 2 Residential and nonresidential specialty trade estimates are raked to the specialty trade estimates to ensure cons3 Special adjustment for the presence/absence of poll workers in local government Table 1. Percent differences between nonfarm employment benchmarks and estimates by industMarch 1998-2007 (1)

Industry 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 

 Total (2) 0.2 0.4 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 Total Private 0.1 .2 .3 -.2 -.4 -.2 .2 -.2 Natural Resources & Mining .9 .7 -.3 Construction -.8 .6 .5 Manufacturing -1.1 -.4 -.3 Trade, Transportation, & Utilities (2) .2 .3 Information -2.6 -1.0 -2.1 Financial Activities .2 .1 -.8 Professional & Business Services -.7 -.2 -.4 Education & Health Services .3 .2 (2) Leisure & Hospitality .5 1.2 .4 Other Services 1.4 .5 -1.3 
42 

Government -.2 .1 .6 .3 1.0 .3 .1 (2) 

(1) Differences are based on comparisons of final published March estimates and benchmark levels, as orig(2) Less than 0.05 percent. 
43 

Table 2. Nonfarm employment benchmarks by industry, March 2007(Numbers in thousands) 

Difference 

Industry Benchmark Estimate Amount Pe

Total nonfarm 136,533 136,826 -293 Total private 113,983 114,224 -241 Goods-producing 21,941 22,072 -131 Service-providing 114,592 114,754 -162 Private service-providing 92,042 92,152 -110 Natural resources and mining 701 701 0 Logging 59 62 -3 Mining 642 639 3 
44 

Oil and gas extraction 142 146 -4 

Mining, except oil and gas 214 217 -3 Coal mining 77 80 -3 Support activities for mining 286 276 10 Construction 7,353 7,347 6 Construction of buildings 1,740 1,743 -3 Heavy and civil engineering construction 926 920 6 Specialty trade contractors 4,687 4,684 3 Manufacturing 13,887 14,024 -137 Durable goods 8,837 8,903 -66 Wood products 517 522 -5 Nonmetallic mineral products 496 490 6 Primary metals 460 454 6 Fabricated metal products 1,557 1,560 -3 Machinery 1,187 1,221 -34 Computer and electronic products 1,280 1,309 -29 Computer and peripheral equipment 188 197 -9 
45 

Communications equipment 129 138 -9 

Semiconductors and electronic components 450 466 -16 Electronic instruments 443 438 5 Electrical equipment and appliances 428 437 -9 Transportation equipment 1,733 1,724 9 Furniture and related products 538 535 3 Miscellaneous manufacturing 643 652 -9 Nondurable goods 5,050 5,121 -71 Food manufacturing 1,452 1,468 -16 Beverages and tobacco products 190 192 -2 Textile mills 176 178 -2 Textile product mills 160 163 -3 Apparel 219 218 1 Leather and allied products 35 37 -2 Paper and paper products 459 456 3 Printing and related support activities 627 632 -5 Petroleum and coal products 112 115 -3 Chemicals 861 871 -10 Plastics and rubber products 758 791 -33 
46 

Trade, transportation, and utilities 26,292 26,152 140 Wholesale trade 5,955 5,934 21 Electronic markets and agents and brokers 818 794 24 Retail trade 15,295 15,188 107 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 1,900 1,895 5 Automobile dealers 1,238 1,239 -1 Furniture and home furnishings stores 574 579 -5 Electronics and appliance stores 546 537 9 Building material and garden supply stores 1,295 1,291 4 Food and beverage stores 2,806 2,827 -21 Health and personal care stores 980 962 18 Gasoline stations 854 844 10 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 1,438 1,401 37 Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores 637 640 -3 General merchandise stores 2,987 2,916 71 Department stores 1,555 1,535 20 Miscellaneous store retailers 851 864 -13 
47 

Nonstore retailers 427 432 -5 

Transportation and warehousing 4,494 4,483 11 Air transportation 484 482 2 Rail transportation 235 228 7 Water transportation 61 66 -5 Truck transportation 1,426 1,430 -4 Transit and ground passenger transportation 420 405 15 Pipeline transportation 40 41 -1 Scenic and sightseeing transportation 23 22 1 Support activities for transportation 577 578 -1 Couriers and messengers 577 586 -9 Warehousing and storage 652 647 5 Utilities 548 548 0 Information 3,024 3,078 -54 Publishing industries, except Internet 902 907 -5 Motion picture and sound recording industries 375 381 -6 Broadcasting, except Internet 326 336 -10 
48 

Telecommunications 1,032 1,061 -29 

Data processing, hosting, and related services 268 263 5 Other information services 122 131 -9 Financial activities 8,303 8,414 -111 Finance and insurance 6,164 6,239 -75 Monetary authorities - central bank 21 22 -1 Credit intermediation and related activities 2,920 2,958 -38 Depository credit intermediation 1,820 1,824 -4 Commercial banking 1,347 1,336 11 Securities, commodity contracts, investment 841 834 7 Insurance carriers and related activities 2,294 2,334 -40 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles 88 91 -3 Real estate and rental and leasing 2,139 2,175 -36 Real estate 1,481 1,509 -28 Rental and leasing services 630 636 -6 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets 28 31 -3 
49 

Professional and business services 17,670 17,626 44 

Professional and technical services 7,638 7,591 47 Legal services 1,171 1,171 0 Accounting and bookkeeping services 1,040 1,041 -1 Architectural and engineering services 1,403 1,403 0 Computer systems design and related services 1,337 1,316 21 Management and technical consulting services 922 936 -14 Management of companies and enterprises 1,833 1,828 5 Administrative and waste services 8,199 8,208 -9 Administrative and support services 7,852 7,863 -11 Employment services 3,513 3,531 -18 Temporary help services 2,525 2,506 19 Business support services 814 807 7 Services to buildings and dwellings 1,711 1,698 13 Waste management and remediation services 348 345 3 Education and health services 18,300 18,339 -39 
50 

Educational services 3,078 3,134 -56 Health care and social assistance 15,222 15,206 16 Ambulatory health care services 5,409 5,400 9 Offices of physicians 2,181 2,200 -19 Outpatient care centers 505 495 10 Home health care services 900 905 -5 Hospitals 4,471 4,483 -12 Nursing and residential care facilities 2,927 2,953 -26 Nursing care facilities 1,591 1,600 -9 Social assistance 2,416 2,369 47 Child day care services 856 819 37 Leisure and hospitality 12,987 13,095 -108 Arts, entertainment, and recreation 1,804 1,800 4 Performing arts and spectator sports 382 383 -1 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks 119 119 0 Amusements, gambling, and recreation 1,304 1,298 6 
51 

Accommodation and food services 11,182 11,295 -113 Accommodation 1,801 1,806 -5 Food services and drinking places 9,381 9,489 -108 Other services 5,466 5,448 18 Repair and maintenance 1,257 1,257 0 Personal and laundry services 1,297 1,283 14 Membership associations and organizations 2,913 2,908 5 Government 22,550 22,602 -52 Federal 2,713 2,700 13 Federal, except U.S. Postal Service 1,952 1,938 14 U.S. Postal Service 761 762 -1 State government 5,259 5,277 -18 State government education 2,466 2,474 -8 State government, excluding education 2,793 2,803 -10 
52 

Local government 14,578 14,625 -47 Local government education 8,325 8,407 -82 Local government, excluding education 6,253 6,218 35 (1) Less than 0.05 percent. 
53 

Table 3. Differences in seasonally adjusted levels and over-the-month changes, total nonfarm em

January 2007-October 2007(In thousands) 

Levels Over-the-month changes 

As previously 

published As revised Difference As previously published As revised Difference 

2007: 

January 137,329 137,108 -221 162 126 -36 February 137,419 137,133 -286 90 25 -65 March 137,594 137,310 -284 175 177 2 April 137,716 137,356 -360 122 46 -76 May 137,904 137,518 -386 188 162 -26 June 137,973 137,625 -348 69 107 38 July 138,066 137,682 -384 93 57 -36 August 138,159 137,756 -403 93 74 -19 September 138,203 137,837 -366 44 81 37 October 138,362 137,977 -385 159 140 -19 
54 

Table 4. Hours and earnings estimates, selected industries, March 2007

Industry Average Weekly Hours Average Hourly Earnings

Total private 33.7 $17.24Goods-producing 40.4 18.38Natural resources and mining 45.4 20.86Construction 38.7 20.55Manufacturing 41.1 17.09Durable goods 41.4 18.02Wood products 39.2 13.58Nonmetallic mineral products 41.8 16.91Primary metals 43.2 19.38Fabricated metal products 41.5 16.36Machinery 42.4 17.7Computer and electronic products 40.4 19.57Electrical equipment and appliances 40.8 15.96Transportation equipment 43 22.65Furniture and related products 38.8 14.3Miscellaneous manufacturing 38.7 14.57Nondurable goods 40.7 15.47Food manufacturing 40.5 13.36Beverages and tobacco products 40.4 18.46Textile mills 40.6 12.81Textile product mills 39.6 11.83Apparel 36.9 10.79Leather and allied products 38.2 11.83Paper and paper products 42.7 18.17Printing and related support activities 39.4 15.88Petroleum and coal products 44 24.77Chemicals 41.9 19.46
55 

Plastics and rubber products 40.9 15.23

Private service-providing 32.3 16.95Trade, transportation, and utilities 33.1 15.63Wholesale trade 37.9 19.26Retail trade 29.9 12.71Transportation and warehousing 36.8 17.48Utilities 42.2 27.68Information 36.4 23.73Financial activities 35.7 19.48Professional and business services 34.6 19.88Education and health services 32.4 17.91Leisure and hospitality 25.3 10.23Other services 30.9 15.35Text table A. Net Birth/Death Estimates, Post-Benchmark 2007

Natural 

Resources 

& Mining 

Construction Manufacturing 

Trade, 

Transportation, 

& Utilities 

Information Financial Activities Professional & Business Services Educatio

& Healt

Service

April 2 37 -14 30 2 1 48 4

May 1 38 5 26 2 5 8 

June 2 26 4 17 -1 5 16 -

July 1 2 -17 -11 -5 -5 -6 

2007 

August 1 14 3 16 4 6 17 
56 

September 1 11 1 19 0 5 6 

October 0 12 -8 22 1 11 38 2

November 0 -6 2 13 2 3 7 December 1 -7 2 19 2 17 9 

Cumulative Total 9 127 -22 151 7 48 143 10

Last Modified Date: February 1, 2008