Assessing the Effects of Imputation 

Assessing the Effects of Imputation 

Income Estimates in the U.S. Consu

Expenditure Survey: Comparison witExpenditure Survey: Comparison wit

Current Population Survey

Bill Passero

Senior Economist Senior Economist

Division of Consumer Expenditure Surveys

2009 Joint Statistical Meetings

August 6 2009 ,
Outline

 Imputation in the CE Imputation in the CE Methodological Differences betwe

and CPS and CPS

Population CoverageTiming of Data Collection Timing of Data CollectionCoverage of QuestionsDesign of Questions Design of Questions

 Concordance of Income Items Selection of CE Estimators Selection of CE Estimators Analysis by Source of Income
Imputation in the CE



N

o impu

tati

on for income n

onresp

Imputation in the CE

o pu a o o o o sp

throu

gh 2003 and sample consum

(CU’s) identified as “complete” or “incomplete

” income reporters in 

income reporters in 

releases.

 Paulin and Ferraro (1994) Paulin and Ferraro (1994)

– exam

exam

issues related to selection of impumethod

Model-based method or hot deck mImputation at CU level or individual 

level
Imputation in the CE

– 



Paulin 

a

n

d Ferra

ro

(

199

4)

– ex

am

Imputation in the CE 

au a d a o ( 99 ) a 

issues related to selection of impumethod – cont.

I t ti f t t l i f 

Impu

tation 

for 

to

tal income or 

for e

component

Inclusion of expenditures in models 

Inclusion of expenditures in models 

predicting income 

 Bracketing questions added to inc

questi i i t t i 

tions in survey ins

trumen

t in 

impact choice of imputation meth
Imputat o t e C ion in the CE – 

 Regression-based method chosen based method chosen

Produces five imputed values for eac

observation

Coefficients obtained from regression Random noise added to coefficients Random noise added to coefficients

Imputed value is estimated

Additi l i dd d t i CU’ 

Additional noise added to insure CU’s 

similar characteristics receive differen

imputed income estimates imputed income estimates
Imputat o t e C ion in the CE – 

 Regression-based method chosen based method chosen 

If bracketed value originally reported

imputed values must fall within brackimputed values must fall within brack

Reported specific values are retained 
Methodological Differe

CE and CPS CE and CPS

 Population coverage Population coverage

CE designed to represent civilian 

noninstitutional population plus pornoninstitutional population, plus por

institutional population, including:

– Boarding houses Boarding houses– College dormitories– Permanent living quarters in hotels & m– Mobile home parks

CE excludes military personnel living 
Methodological Differe

CE and CPS CE and CPS – cont

CPS designed to represent civilian CPS designed to represent civilian

noninstitutional population, plus milit

personnel who live with at least one ocivilian adult

 Timing of data collection Timing of data collection

CE – Quarterly Interview Survey

– Income collected at 2nd and 5th Income collected at 2 and 5 interview

interview

– Income questions cover 12 months prior 

month

– CU’s enter (and leave) survey every mon

rotating sample design
Methodological Differe

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

 Timing of data collection Timing of data collection – cont.

CE – Quarterly Interview Survey – co

– As an example: As an example:

• A CU entering survey (1st interview) in Nove

have 2nd interview in February 2009. 

• CU will report income at 2nd interview cover

period from February 1, 2008 through Janu

CPS – Annual Social and Economic S

Annual Social and Economic S

– Income collected annually each March (

collected in February and April)

– Income questions cover prior calendar y
Methodological Differe

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

 Timing of data collection Timing of data collection

– cont.

CPS – Annual Social and Economic S

– cont.

– As an example, a household completing 

March 2008 re

p 

orts income for calendar 

 Coverage of Questions

CE

– Quarterly Interview Survey Quarterly Interview Survey

– Respondent instructed to report amount 

from earned income, Social Security/RaRetirement, and Supplemental Security each member of the CU 14 and over
Methodological Differen

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

Coverage of Questions – cont.

CE – Quarterly Interview Survey – c

– For all remaining sources of income, re

reports amount received by the CU as a 

– Respondent is asked to about the amou

Respondent is asked to about the amou

received over the last 12 months for eaof income with one exception

– For Social Security/Railroad Retirement

respondent reports the amount of the lpayment received payment received
Methodological Differen

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

 Coverage of Questions Coverage of Questions

– cont.

CE – Quarterly Interview Survey – co

– If respondent cannot report amount of in

If respondent cannot report amount of in

received, respondent is asked to select abracket

CPS –

Annual Social and Economic Su

– Respondent instructed to report income 

i fh ncome sources 

for eac

h

h h ouse

h

old 

 mem

over

–

F

o co e ece ed o egu a bas s, su

r inco

m

e received

on regular basis, su

and salaries, respondent first asked the 
Methodological Differen

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

 Coverage of Questions Coverage of Questions

– cont.

CPS – Annual Social and Economic Su

– cont.

– over which income amount can be most 

recalled, followed by amount received ovperiod

– For other income, respondent first repor

amount received over past year then timamount received over past year, then tim

covered by that amount
Methodological Differen

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

Design of Questions Design of Questions

Wages and salaries

– CE asks for amount received for all jobs 

CE asks for amount received for all jobs 

– CPS asks for amount from longest-held 

then all other jobs combined

– CE includes severance pay and military 

while CPS collects as part of miscellaneat end of instrument at end of instrument

Nonfarm and farm business income 

– C as s o o a bus ess a d a 

E asks for nonfarm business and farm 

separately
Methodological Differen

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

Design of Questions Design of Questions – cont.

Nonfarm and farm business income 

– cont.

– CPS combines nonfarm and farm busine

in one question, but distinguishes longef ll th from all other

Social Security and Railroad Retirem

– CE collects payments in one question a

CE collects payments in one question, a

survivor and disability benefits as well aretirement benefits
Methodological Differen

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

Design of Questions Design of Questions – cont.

Social Security and Railroad Retireme

– CPS collects Social Security payments re

CPS collects Social Security payments re

household member directly or for child uhousehold in one question

– CPS ll t R il d R ti t t

CPS collects Railroad Retirement as port

questions on retirement income, survivoand health/ y disability benefits

Interest – CE and CPS questions are 

however CPS probes for more source

interest income
Methodological Differen

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

 Design of Questions Design of Questions – cont.

Dividends, royalties, estates and trus

– CE asks for amount received from these 

CE asks for amount received from these 

one question

– CPS asks for dividends from stocks and m

f d tl un s separately

– CPS asks for trust and estate income in 

– one as a source for survivor benefits, t

one as a source for survivor benefits, t

as a class of property income

– CPS asks for net royalty income as a clas

property income
Methodological Differen

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

 Design of Questions Design of Questions – cont.

Pension and annuity income

– CE asks for amount received, whether d

CE asks for amount received, whether d

retirement, disability, or as a survivor beone question

– A ith R il d R ti t CPS k f 

As with Railroad Retirement, CPS asks fo

income as part of three questions on retincome, , /

 survivor benefits, and health/dis

benefits

– CPS asks for foreign government pension 

as a source of miscellaneous income in fas a source of miscellaneous income in f

income question 
Methodological Differen

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

 Design of Questions Design of Questions

– cont.

Unemployment compensation

– CE asks for amount of unemployment co

CE asks for amount of unemployment co

and supplemental unemployment compeone question

– CPS asks for amount in three questions 

– 

state or federal compensation, one for s

compensation, and one for union unempcompensation, and one for union unemp

strike benefits

Worker’s compensation and Veteran’s 

– CE asks respondents to combine income 

sources, excluding retirement benefits fr
Methodological Differen

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

 Design of Questions Design of Questions

– cont.

Worker’s compensation and Veteran’s 

cont.

– CPS asks for worker’s compensation sep

in association with survivor benefits and health/disability income

– CPS asks for veteran’s benefits in its own 

P bli i t P

ublic assis

tance

– CE asks for amount received as public as

welfare in one question though examplewelfare in one question, though example

have changed 

• 2002 – AFDC, grants from Job Corps
Methodological Differe

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

 Design of Questions Design of Questions – cont.

Public assistance – cont.

– CE asks for amount received as public as

CE asks for amount received as public as

or welfare in one question, though examsources have changed – cont. 

• Post-2002 – cash assistance from state/local 

cash assistance from state/local 

such as TANF, or short term emergency help

– CPS asks for cash assistance received fro

state/local program with name of represstate program as example

– CPS also lists welfare emergency assista

CPS also lists welfare, emergency assista

other short-term cash assistance among income included in miscellaneous income 
Methodological Differe

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

 Design of Questions Design of Questions – cont.

Rental income

– CE asks for rental income in two questio

CE asks for rental income in two questio

income or loss from roomers or boardersincome or loss from other rental units

– A t f t i ti CPS 

As part of property income question, CPS 

for net income from rental property and from roomers or boarders

Regular income from alimony or othe

such as persons outside of CU

– CE asks for amount received from these 

one question
Methodological Differe

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

 Design of Questions Design of Questions – cont.

Regular income from alimony or othe

sources, p such as persons outside of C

– CE asks for amount received from these 

one question

– CPS asks for amount in two questions – 

alimony payments, one for regular finan

assistance from friends or relatives not assistance from friends or relatives not 

household

Supplemental Security Income and c

support payment (not lump sum)– CCPS questions are similar 
Methodological Differe

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

 Design of Questions Design of Questions – cont.

All other income (Miscellaneous inco

– CE asks global other income question, w

CE asks global other income question, w

such as cash scholarships and fellowshipnot based on working, and care of foste

– All th i f All other income from a source not 

 spec

previous questions is to be included in t

question

– CPS asks for amounts for educational as

which includes scholarships and grants; assistance reported here such as from assistance reported here, such as from 

household members may be reported elCE
Methodological Differe

CE and CPS CE and CPS - cont

 Design of Questions Design of Questions – cont.

All other income (Miscellaneous inco

– CPS asks for amount of foster child care 

CPS asks for amount of foster child care 

and any other income not already coverprevious questions in the miscellaneous 

question at end of instrument question at end of instrument
Concordance of 

Income Items Income Items



Total agg g re

gate income

Wage and salary income

N

o a nf rm self-em

p oy o l ment income

Farm self-employment incomeSocial Security and Railroad Retireme

Social Security and Railroad Retireme

income



Pe s o s a d a u t es n

sio

n

s

a

n

d

ann

uities

InterestDividends, rents, royalties, estates a

Dividends, rents, royalties, estates a

Child support
Concordance of 

Income Items Income Items

– con

Total aggregate income Total aggregate income

– cont.

Supplemental Security IncomeUnemployment compensation Unemployment compensationWorkers’ compensation and veteranPublic assistance Public assistanceAll other income, including accident 

temporary insurance educational astemporary insurance, educational as

alimony, financial assistance
Se ect o o C st a

lection of CE Estima

CE – Ref Yr. 

Estimates are based on income repo

interviews 2 and 5 in January of the interviews 2 and 5 in January of the 

following the reference year. Thus, estimates are based on income repo

and 5th interviews conducted in Janu

CE – Jan Ref Yr. +1

Estimates are based on income repo

interviews 2 and 5 in January of the 

following the reference year. Thus, 
Selection of CE Estima

– cont.

CE

– Jan Ref Yr +1 Jan Ref Yr. +1

– cont.

estimates are based on income repo

and 5th and

5 interviews conducted in Janu

interviews conducted in Janu

CE – Oct Ref Yr. - Apr Ref Yr. +1

Estimates are based on income repo

Estimates are based on income repo

interviews 2 and 5 between October 

reference year and April of the year reference year and April of the year 

the reference year. Thus, for 2004, are based on income reported in 2nd 

interviews conducted between Octoband April 2005.
Analy y sis b

Source of Income
Total income Total income

CE/CPS Ratio for Total Income CE/CPS Ratio for Total Income

0 95

1.0 0

0.85

0.90

0 .9 5

CE/CPS Ratio

0.75

0.80

0.70

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 

CE - Reference Year (Refyr) CE - Jan Refyr + 1 CE - Oct R
Total income Total income

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

Pe

im

2007 CPS 8,013.6 

 CE - Reference Year 2007 7,559.1 94.3 

 CE - Jan 2008 7,674.0 95.8  CE - Oct 2007 - Apr 2008 7,610.1 95.0 2006

CPS 7 800 6 7,800.6 

 CE - Reference Year 2006 7,170.8 91.9  CE - Jan 2007 7,332.3 94.0  CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 7,286.8 93.4 2005 CPS 7,352.4 

CE - Reference Year 2005 Reference Year 2005 6 872 5 6,872.5 93 5. 

 CE - Jan 2006 6,872.1 93.5  CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 6,940.3 94.4 2004 CPS 6,939.6  CE - Reference Year 2004 6,322.2 91.1 

CE - Jan 2005 Jan 2005 6 689 9 6,689.9 96 4. 

 CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 6,636.6 95.6 2003 CPS 6,707.2 CE - Reference Year 2003 5,007.9 74.7 CE - Jan 2004 5,328.2 79.4

CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 5 109 5 5,109.5 76 2.

2002 CPS 6,515.7 CE - Reference Year 2002 4,629.0 71.0 CE - Jan 2003 4,858.1 74.6 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 4,838.7 74.3
Percentage Distribution of CE Inc

Source 2007 Oct Refyr Source, 2007, Oct Refyr - Apr Re

Apr Re

1.67

 Wages and salaries

3.94

2.69

80.08

 A ll self-emplo ymen So cial Security & R 

5 26

6.36

 P ensions and annu

5.26

 Interest, dividends estates and trusts All other income
Wage and salary inco

Wage and salary inco

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

Perce

impute

2007 CPS 6,141.5 2 CE - Reference Year 2007 6,047.3 98.5 4 CE - Jan 2008 6,179.7 100.6 4 CE - Oct 2007 - Apr 2008 6,094.2 99.2 32006 CPS 5,967.4 3 CE - Reference Year 2006 5,718.6 95.8 3 CE - Jan 2007 5,994.1 100.4 3 CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 5,815.2 97.5 32005 CPS 5,630.6 2 CE - Reference Year 2005 5,432.6 96.5 3 CE - Jan 2006 5,394.3 95.8 3 CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 5,522.8 98.1 32004 CPS 5,346.6 3 CE - Reference Year 2004 5,021.3 93.9 3 CE - Jan 2005 5,119.7 95.8 3

CE O t 2004 A 2005 CE - 

O

ct 2004 - 

Apr 2005 5 206 3 5,206.3 97 4. 3

2003 CPS 5,157.1 CE - Reference Year 2003 4,042.1 78.4 CE - Jan 2004 4,295.7 83.3 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 4,125.7 80.02002 CPS 5,078.4 CE - Reference Year 2002 3,736.3 73.6 CE - Jan 2003 3,880.9 76.4 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 3,890.2 76.6
Nonfarm 

self-employment inco

employment inco

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

Perce

imput

2007

 CPS 390.6 

 CE - Reference Year 2007 390.8 100.1  CE - Jan 2008 307.2 78.7  CE - Oct 2007 - Apr 2008 369.3 94.6 

2006 CPS 407.7 

CE R f Y 2006 CE - Reference Year 2006 414 0. 101 5. 

 CE - Jan 2007 445.0 109.1  CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 380.1 93.2 2005 CPS 366.5  CE - Reference Year 2005 430.1 117.4 

CE - Jan 2006 Jan 2006 558.5 152.4 

 CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 423.4 115.5 2004 CPS 321.7  CE - Reference Year 2004 338.4 105.2  CE - Jan 2005 566.6 176.1  CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 435.1 135.2 2003 CPS 331.6 CE - Reference Year 2003 194.6 58.7 CE - Jan 2004 210.7 63.5 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 194.3 58.62002 CPS 302.6 CE - Reference Year 2002 197.8 65.4 CE - Jan 2003 204.3 67.5 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 198.6 65.6
Farm self-employme

income

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

Pe

im

2007 CPS 29.9  CE - Reference Year 2007 23.1 77.3  CE - Jan 2008 16.5 55.1  CE - Oct 2007 - Apr 2008 30.8 103.0 2006 CPS 31.7  CE - Reference Year 2006 14.7 46.5  CE - Jan 2007 13.1 41.5  CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 26.7 84.3 

2005 CPS 37.3 

 CE - Reference Year 2005 12.5 33.7  CE - Jan 2006 20.1 53.9  CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 10.6 28.5 

2004 CPS 29.0 

 CE - Reference Year 2004 22.6 77.8  CE - Jan 2005 15.7 54.0 

CE O t 2004 A 2005 CE - 

O

ct 2004 - 

Apr 2005 11 3. 38 9. 

2003 CPS 28.0 CE - Reference Year 2003 15.8 56.3 CE - Jan 2004 8.2 29.1 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 14.8 53.02002 CPS 20.4 CE - Reference Year 2002 14.9 72.8 CE - Jan 2003 4.2 20.3 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 18.5 90.7
Social Security and 

Rail oad Reti ement Rail

road Reti

rement

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

Pe

im

2007 CPS 500.2  CE - Reference Year 2007 464.6 92.9  CE - Jan 2008 462.8 92.5  CE - Oct 2007 - Apr 2008 483.8 96.7 2006 CPS 471.5  CE - Reference Year 2006 446.0 94.6  CE - Jan 2007 409.1 86.8  CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 452.2 95.9 2005 CPS 449.2  CE - Reference Year 2005 431.0 96.0  CE - Jan 2006 441.1 98.2  CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 441.9 98.4 2004 CPS 431.8  CE - Reference Year 2004 400.0 92.6  CE - Jan 2005 431.0 99.8 

CE O t 2004 A 2005 CE - 

O

ct 2004 - 

Apr 2005 411 4. 95 3. 

2003 CPS 410.1 CE - Reference Year 2003 325.4 79.3 CE - Jan 2004 343.8 83.8 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 334.7 81.62002 CPS 389.8 CE - Reference Year 2002 312.9 80.3 CE - Jan 2003 299.1 76.7 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 315.9 81.0
Pensions and annuiti

Pensions and annuiti

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

Pe

imp

2007

 CPS 323.3  CE - Reference Year 2007 302.0 93.4  CE - Jan 2008 338.8 104.8  CE - Oct 2007 - Apr 2008 300.1 92.8 2006 CPS 314.9 

CE R f Y 2006 CE - 

R

eference 

Year 2006 283 5. 90 0. 

 CE - Jan 2007 213.6 67.8  CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 302.6 96.1 2005 CPS 310.3  CE - Reference Year 2005 290.4 93.6 

CE - Jan 2006 Jan 2006 268.1 86.4 

 CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 291.1 93.8 2004 CPS 291.9  CE - Reference Year 2004 280.1 96.0  CE - Jan 2005 300.0 102.8  CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 316.3 108.3 2003 CPS 276.3 CE - Reference Year 2003 226.3 81.9 CE - Jan 2004 252.6 91.5 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 231.8 83.92002 CPS 262.5 CE - Reference Year 2002 178.7 68.1 CE - Jan 2003 217.4 82.8 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 203.4 77.5
Interest

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

Per

imp

2007 CPS 242.8  CE - Reference Year 2007 97.0 39.9  CE - Jan 2008 112.6 46.4  CE - Oct 2007 - Apr 2008 94.9 39.1 2006 CPS 229.2  CE - Reference Year 2006 69.7 30.4  CE - Jan 2007 66.8 29.1  CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 85.7 37.4 2005 CPS 186.9  CE - Reference Year 2005 61.9 33.1 

CE J 2006 CE - Jan 2006 37 6. 20 1. 

 CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 61.3 32.8 2004 CPS 163.2  CE - Reference Year 2004 59.0 36.2  CE - Jan 2005 59.0 36.1 

CE - Oct 2004 Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 Apr 2005 49 8. 30 5. 

2003 CPS 148.3 CE - Reference Year 2003 47.9 32.3 CE - Jan 2004 38.2 25.7 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 43.4 29.22002 CPS 145.4 CE - Reference Year 2002 36.9 25.4 CE - Jan 2003 39.8 27.4 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 41.7 28.7
Dividends, rents, roya

estates and t sts estates and

trusts

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

Perce

imput

2007 CPS 191.0  CE - Reference Year 2007 112.8 59.1  CE - Jan 2008 137.0 71.7  CE - Oct 2007 - Apr 2008 109.7 57.4 2006 CPS 186.7  CE - Reference Year 2006 106.9 57.3  CE - Jan 2007 80.1 42.9  CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 109.5 58.6 2005 CPS 169.8  CE - Reference Year 2005 99.9 58.8  CE - Jan 2006 45.1 26.6  CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 71.9 42.3 2004 CPS 157.0  CE - Reference Year 2004 85.3 54.3  CE - Jan 2005 50.6 32.2 

CE O t 2004 A 2005 CE - 

O

ct 2004 - 

Apr 2005 81 0. 51 6. 

2003 CPS 152.4 CE - Reference Year 2003 60.7 39.8 CE - Jan 2004 63.2 41.5 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 65.6 43.02002 CPS 119.7 CE - Reference Year 2002 50.3 42.1 CE - Jan 2003 48.9 40.9 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 57.3 47.8
Supplemental Secur

Income

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

Pe

imp

2007

 CPS 33.0 

 CE - Reference Year 2007 25.5 77.2 

 CE - Jan 2008 15.1 45.8  CE - Oct 2007 - Apr 2008 26.3 79.8 2006 CPS 31.6 

 CE - Reference Year 2006 23.6 74.6  CE - Jan 2007 26.6 84.1  CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 25.9 81.8 2005 CPS 31.1  CE - Reference Year 2005 25.0 80.4 

CE - Jan 2006 Jan 2006 25 9. 83 3. 

 CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 26.4 84.7 2004 CPS 30.6 

 CE - Reference Year 2004 20.8 67.9 

 CE - Jan 2005 13.4 43.8  CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 18.9 61.9 

2003 CPS 28.0 CE - Reference Year 2003 19.1 68.2

 CE - Jan 2004 14.6 52.0 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 15.5 55.4

2002 CPS 25.9 CE - Reference Year 2002 23.3 90.0

 CE - Jan 2003 19.5 75.2 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 20.8 80.3
Child support Child support

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

Percent

imputed

2007 CPS 24.7 24 CE - Reference Year 2007 20.5 83.0 9 CE - Jan 2008 15.5 62.7 0 CE - Oct 2007 - Apr 2008 20.3 82.2 102006 CPS 25.4 28. CE - Reference Year 2006 22.6 88.9 9. CE - Jan 2007 18.1 71.3 13. CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 21.3 84.0 9.2005 CPS 26.0 25. CE - Reference Year 2005 19.2 73.8 8. CE - Jan 2006 17.0 65.4 13. CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 19.6 75.4 9.2004 CPS 27.0 27. CE - Reference Year 2004 19.2 71.1 13. CE - Jan 2005 21.7 80.5 12.

CE O t 2004 A 2005 CE - 

O

ct 2004 - 

Apr 2005 21 0. 77 7. 10 

.

2003 CPS 25.1 CE - Reference Year 2003 17.1 67.9 CE - Jan 2004 21.5 85.4 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 16.9 67.42002 CPS 24.0 CE - Reference Year 2002 13.3 55.3 CE - Jan 2003 13.3 55.3 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 14.3 59.6
Unemployment 

compensation

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

Perc

impu

2007 CPS 21.9  CE - Reference Year 2007 12.5 57.2 

 CE - Jan 2008 14.1 64.4 

 CE - Oct 2007 - Apr 2008 12.8 58.4 2006 CPS 20.7 

 CE - Reference Year 2006 12.8 61.9  CE - Jan 2007 16.0 77.3  CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 11.0 53.5 2005 CPS 22.3  CE - Reference Year 2005 13.1 58.8 

CE J 2006 CE - 

Jan 2006 9 9. 44 4. 

 CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 11.6 52.1 2004 CPS 25.0  CE - Reference Year 2004 18.6 74.3  CE - Jan 2005 22.4 89.5 

CE - Oct 2004 Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 Apr 2005 16 4. 65 4. 

2003 CPS 36.9 CE - Reference Year 2003 18.8 51.0 CE - Jan 2004 20.6 55.8 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 20.0 54.12002 CPS 37.9 CE - Reference Year 2002 14.7 38.7 CE - Jan 2003 13.2 34.8 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 20.1 53.0
Workers’ compensat

and ete ans’ benefand vete

rans’ benef

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

Pe

im

2007 CPS 43.8 

 CE - Reference Year 2007 13.5 30.8  CE - Jan 2008 3.0 6.8  CE - Oct 2007 - Apr 2008 13.6 31.0 2006 CPS 41.6 

 CE - Reference Year 2006 11.8 28.4  CE - Jan 2007 8.4 20.1  CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 13.5 32.4 2005 CPS 43.9  CE - Reference Year 2005 10.8 24.5 

CE J 2006 CE - 

Jan 2006 7 5. 17 1. 

 CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 10.3 23.4 2004 CPS 39.9 

 CE - Reference Year 2004 8.9 22.4  CE - Jan 2005 11.6 29.0 

CE - Oct 2004 Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 Apr 2005 8 9. 22 4. 

2003 CPS 36.1 CE - Reference Year 2003 8.0 22.2 CE - Jan 2004 8.1 22.5 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 9.9 27.32002 CPS 36.4 CE - Reference Year 2002 7.7 20.4 CE - Jan 2003 6.5 17.2 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 7.1 18.7
Public assistance Public assistance

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

Perce

imput

2007

 CPS 5.2  CE - Reference Year 2007 3.9 75.2 

 CE - Jan 2008 1.0 19.6 

 CE - Oct 2007 - Apr 2008 3.3 62.2 

2006 CPS 5.6 

CE Reference Year 2006 CE - Reference Year 2006 5 2. 92 9. 

 CE - Jan 2007 4.9 87.9  CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 5.0 90.2 2005 CPS 6.6 

 CE - Reference Year 2005 5.2 78.7  CE - Jan 2006 4.9 74.8 

 CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 5.5 83.8 2004 CPS 5.8  CE - Reference Year 2004 4.7 82.1  CE - Jan 2005 5.6 97.5  CE - Oct 2004 - Apr 2005 5.0 87.4 2003 CPS 7.1 CE - Reference Year 2003 4.1 57.4 CE - Jan 2004 2.6 36.9 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 3.9 55.7

2002

 CPS 6.0 CE - Reference Year 2002 4.1 67.8 CE - Jan 2003 4.2 69.6 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 4.6 76.6
All other income, including acc

tem

py , orar

y insurance, educat

assistance, alimony, financial as

Aggregate

(billions of $)

CE/CPS

ratio

Perce

imput

2007 CPS 65.7  CE - Reference Year 2007 45.6 69.3 

 CE - Jan 2008 70.8 107.6  CE - Oct 2007 - Apr 2008 51.0 77.5 2006 CPS 66.6 

 CE - Reference Year 2006 41.4 62.1  CE - Jan 2007 36.6 55.0  CE - Oct 2006 - Apr 2007 38.0 57.0 2005 CPS 72.0  CE - Reference Year 2005 40.7 56.5  CE - Jan 2006 41.9 58.1  CE - Oct 2005 - Apr 2006 43.9 60.9 2004 CPS 70.2 

 CE - Reference Year 2004 43.1 61.4 

 CE - Jan 2005 72.6 103.5 

CE O t 2004 A 2005 CE - 

O

ct 2004 - 

Apr 2005 55 2. 78 6. 

2003 CPS 70.0 CE - Reference Year 2003 28.0 40.0

 CE - Jan 2004 48.5 69.2 CE - Oct 2003 - Apr 2004 32.9 47.0

2002 CPS 66.7 CE - Reference Year 2002 38.1 57.2

 CE - Jan 2003 107.0 160.5 CE - Oct 2002 - Apr 2003 46.3 69.5
Contact Informatio

Bill Passero

Senior Economist

Division of Consumer Expenditure S

www.bl / s.gov

/ce

x

202-691-5126

Passero Bill@bls gov Passero.Bill@bls.gov