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                                                                     EXHIBIT 3.2

                             AMENDED AND RESTATED
                                          
                                  BYLAWS OF
                                          
                        DIGITAL MICROWAVE CORPORATION
                                          
                 (Amended and Restated as of March 24, 1998)
                                          
                                          
                                  ARTICLE I
                                          
                                   OFFICES


             Section 1.  The registered office shall be in the City of
Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware.


             Section 2.  The corporation may also have offices at such
other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of
Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may
require.


                                 ARTICLE II
                                          
                                STOCKHOLDERS


             Section 1.  All meetings of the stockholders for the election of 
directors shall be held in the City of San Jose, State of California, at such 
place as may be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors, or at such 
other place either within or without the State of Delaware as shall be 
designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the 
notice of the meeting. Meetings of stockholders for any other purpose may be 
held at such time and place, within or without the State of Delaware, as 
shall be stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of 
notice thereof.

             Section 2.  Annual meetings of stockholders shall be held on the 
third Thursday in July, if not a legal holiday and, if a legal holiday, then 
on the next succeeding business day following, at the same hour and place, or 
at such other date and time as shall be designated from time to time by the 
Board of Directors and stated in the

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notice of the meeting, at which they shall elect by a plurality vote a Board 
of Directors, and transact such other business as may properly be brought 
before the meeting.

             Section 3.  Written notice of the annual meeting stating the 
place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each stockholder 
entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty 
(60) days before the date of the meeting.

             Section 4.  The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of 
the corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every 
meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote 
at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of 
each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each 
stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, 
for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a 
period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place 
within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be 
specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place 
where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at 
the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be 
inspected by any stockholder who is present.

             Section 5.  Special meetings of stockholders shall be called by 
the president or secretary at the request in writing of a majority of the 
Board of Directors or upon written application of one or more stockholders 
who hold at least forty percent (40%) of the capital stock entitled to vote 
at such meeting. Such request of the Board of Directors or written 
application of the stockholders shall state the purpose or purposes of the 
proposed special meeting. The place, date and time of any special meeting 
shall be determined by the Board of Directors. Such determination shall 
include the record date for determining the stockholders having the right to 
notice of and to vote at such meeting.

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             Section 6.  Written notice of a special meeting stating the 
place, date and hour of the meeting and the purpose or purposes for which the 
meeting is called, shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty 
(60) days before the date of the meeting, to each stockholder entitled to 
vote at such meeting.

             Section 7.  Only such business shall be conducted at a special 
meeting as shall have been stated in the written notice of the meeting as the 
purpose or purposes for the meeting.

             Section 8.  The holders of a majority of the stock issued and 
outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by 
proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the 
transaction of business except as otherwise provided by statute or by the 
certificate of incorporation. If, however, such quorum shall not be present 
or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders entitled 
to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have power 
to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than 
announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. 
At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented 
any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the 
meeting as originally notified. If the adjournment is for more than thirty 
(30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the 
adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each 
stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

             Section 9.  In all matters other than the election of directors, 
the affirmative vote of a majority of shares present in person or represented 
by proxy at any meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be 
the act of the stockholders, unless the question is one upon which by express 
provision of any statute or of the

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certificate of incorporation, a different vote is required, in which case 
such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question.

             Section 10.  Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of 
incorporation, each stockholder shall at every meeting of the stockholders be 
entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of the capital 
stock having voting power held by such stockholder, but no proxy shall be 
voted on after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a 
longer period.

             Section 11.  Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of 
incorporation, and subject to the provisions of Article II, Section 12 of 
these Bylaws, any action required to be taken at any annual or special 
meeting of stockholders of the corporation, or any action which may be taken 
at any annual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a 
meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing 
setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of 
outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would 
be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all 
shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Prompt notice of the 
taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous 
written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented 
in writing.

             Section 12.  In order that the corporation may determine the 
stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a 
meeting pursuant to Article II, Section 11 of these Bylaws, the Board of 
Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date 
upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of 
Directors, and which record date shall not be more than ten (10) days after 
the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the 
Board of

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Directors. Any stockholder of record seeking to have the stockholders 
authorize or take corporate action by written consent shall, by written 
notice to the secretary, request the Board of Directors to fix a record date. 
The Board of Directors shall promptly, but in all events within ten (10) days 
after the date on which such a request is received, adopt a resolution fixing 
the record date. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors 
within such ten (10) day period, the record date for determining stockholders 
entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no 
prior action by the Board of Directors is required by applicable law, shall 
be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action 
taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the corporation by delivery to 
its registered office in the state of Delaware, its principal place of 
business, or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the 
book in which proceedings of stockholders' meetings are recorded, to the 
attention of the secretary of the corporation. Delivery shall be by hand or 
by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. If no record date 
has been fixed by the Board of Directors and prior action by the Board of 
Directors is required by applicable law, the record date for determining 
stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a 
meeting shall be at the close of business on the date on which the Board of 
Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.

             Section 13.  At any annual meeting of the stockholders, only 
such business shall be conducted as shall be properly before the meeting. To 
be properly before an annual meeting, business must be (a) specified in the 
notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of 
the Board of Directors, (b) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by 
or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (c) otherwise properly 
brought before the meeting by a stockholder. For business to be

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properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder 
must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the secretary. To be 
timely, a stockholder's notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at 
the principal place of business of the corporation not less than sixty (60) 
days nor more than ninety (90) days prior to the meeting; provided, however, 
that in the event that less than seventy (70) days' notice or prior public 
disclosure of the date of the meeting is given or made to stockholders, 
notice by the stockholder to be timely must be received not later than the 
close of business on the tenth day following the day on which such notice of 
the date of the meeting was mailed or such public disclosure was made.(1) A 
stockholder's written notice to the secretary shall set forth as to each 
matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (a) a 
description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting 
and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (b) the 
name and address as they appear on the corporation's books of the stockholder 
proposing such business, (c) the class and number of shares of the 
corporation which are beneficially owned by such stockholder, and (d) any 
material interest of such stockholder in such business.  Notwithstanding 
anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at 
any annual meeting unless properly brought before such meeting in accordance 
with the procedures set forth in this Section 13. The chairman of the meeting 
shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that 
business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the 
provisions of this Section 13 and if it shall be so determined, the chairman 
of the meeting shall so declare this to the 

-------------------------------------
(1) It shall be necessary for the corporation to determine the date of each
annual meeting at least 70 days in advance thereof and make a public disclosure
of such date and of the provisions of Article II, Section 13 of these Bylaws.

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meeting and such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be
transacted.

        Section 14.  Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the 
procedures set forth in this Section 14 shall be eligible for election as 
directors of the corporation by the stockholders. Nominations of persons for 
election to the Board of Directors may be made at a meeting of stockholders 
by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or by any stockholder of the 
corporation entitled to vote for the election of directors at the meeting who 
complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 14. Such 
nominations, other than those made by or at the direction of the Board of 
Directors, shall be made pursuant to timely notice in writing to the 
secretary. To be timely, a stockholder's notice shall be delivered to or 
mailed and received at the principal place of business of the corporation not 
less than sixty (60) nor more than ninety (90) days prior to the meeting; 
provided, however, that in the event that less than seventy (70) days' notice 
or prior public disclosure of the date of the meeting is given or made to 
stockholders, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not 
less than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which 
such notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or such public disclosure 
was made. Such stockholder's notice shall set forth (a) as to each person 
whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or re-election as a 
director (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of such 
person, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of such person, (iii) the 
class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned by 
such person and (iv) any other information relating to such person that is 
required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of 
directors or is otherwise required in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A 
under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as


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amended (including without limitation such person's written consent to being 
named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if 
elected); and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice (i) the name and 
address, as they appear on the corporation's books of such stockholder, (ii) 
the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially 
owned by such stockholder, and (iii) any material relationship of the 
stockholder to the person the stockholder proposes to nominate. At the 
request of the Board of Directors any person nominated by the Board of 
Directors for election as a director shall furnish to the secretary that 
information required to be set forth in a stockholder's notice of nomination 
which pertains to the nominee. No person shall be eligible for election as a 
director of the corporation unless nominated in accordance with the 
procedures set forth in this Section 14. The chairman of the meeting shall, 
if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination 
was not made in accordance with the provisions of this Section 14 and if it 
shall be so determined, the chairman shall so declare this to the meeting and 
the defective nomination shall be disregarded.

                                       
                                  ARTICLE III
                                          
                                    DIRECTORS


        Section 1.  The number of directors which shall constitute the whole 
board shall be seven (7). The directors shall be elected at the annual 
meeting of the stockholders, except as provided in Section 2 of this Article, 
and each director elected shall hold office until his or her successor is 
elected and qualified. Directors need not be stockholders.

        Section 2.  Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from 
any increase in the authorized number of directors elected by all of the 
stockholders having a 

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right to vote as a single class may be filled by a majority of the directors 
then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, 
and the directors so chosen shall hold office until the next annual election 
and until their successors are duly elected and qualified, unless sooner 
removed. If there are no directors in office, then an election of directors 
may be held in the manner provided by statute. If, at the time of filling any 
vacancy or any newly created directorship, the directors then in office shall 
constitute less than a majority of the whole Board of Directors (as 
constituted immediately prior to any such increase), the Court of Chancery 
may, upon application of any stockholder or stockholders holding at least ten 
percent (10%) of the total number of the shares at the time outstanding 
having the right to vote for such directors, summarily order an election to 
be held to fill any such vacancies or newly created directorships, or to 
replace the directors chosen by the directors then in office.

        Section 3.  The business of the corporation shall be managed by or 
under the direction of its Board of Directors which may exercise all such 
powers of the corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not 
by statute or by the certificate of incorporation or by these Bylaws directed 
or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

        Section 4.  The Board of Directors of the corporation may hold 
meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of 
Delaware.

        Section 5.  The first meeting of each newly elected Board of 
Directors shall be held at such time and place as shall be fixed by the vote 
of the stockholders at the annual meeting and no notice of such meeting shall 
be necessary to the newly elected directors in order legally to constitute 
the meeting, provided a quorum shall be present. In the event of the failure 
of the stockholders to fix the time or place of such first meeting of 

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the newly elected Board of Directors, or in the event such meeting is not 
held at the time and place so fixed by the stockholders, the meeting may be 
held at such time and place as shall be specified in a notice given as 
hereinafter provided for special meetings of the Board of Directors, or as 
shall be specified in a written waiver signed by all of the directors.

        Section 6.  Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held 
without notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be 
determined by the Board of Directors.

        Section 7.  Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called 
by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the president, any vice-president, 
the secretary or any two (2) directors on four (4) days' notice to each 
director by mail or two (2) days' notice to each director either personally 
or by telegram.

        Section 8.  At all meetings of the Board of Directors, one-third 
(1/3) of the authorized number of directors, or two (2), whichever is 
greater, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the 
act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a 
quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise 
specifically provided by statute, by the certificate of incorporation or by 
Article III, Section 9 of these Bylaws. If a quorum shall not be present at 
any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present thereat may 
adjourn the meeting from time to time without notice other than announcement 
at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

        Section 9.  Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate
of incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken
at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be
taken without a meeting if all members


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of the Board of Directors or committee thereof, as the case may be, consent 
thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of 
proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee thereof.

        Section 10.  Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of 
incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board of Directors or any 
committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting 
of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, by means of conference 
telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons 
participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a 
meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

        Section 11.  The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a 
majority of the whole board, designate one or more committees, each committee 
to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation. The Board of 
Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any 
committee who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of 
the committee.

        In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the 
member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from 
voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously 
appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the 
place of any such absent or disqualified member.

        Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the 
Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority 
of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of 
the corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed 
to all papers which may require it, but no such committee shall have the 
power or authority in reference to amending the 

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certificate of incorporation, adopting an agreement of merger or 
consolidation, recommending to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange 
of all or substantially all of the corporation's property and assets, 
recommending to the stockholders a dissolution of the corporation or a 
revocation of a dissolution, or amending the Bylaws of the corporation, and, 
unless the resolution or the certificate of incorporation expressly so 
provide, no such committee shall have the power or authority to declare a 
dividend or to authorize the issuance of stock. Such committee or committees 
shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by 
resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.

        Section 12.  Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its 
meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required.

        Section 13.  Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of 
incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors shall have the 
authority to fix the compensation of directors. The directors may be paid 
their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of 
Directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the 
Board of Directors or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall 
preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity and 
receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees 
may be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.

        Section 14.  Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of 
incorporation or these Bylaws, any director or the entire Board of Directors 
may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of shares 
entitled to vote at an election of directors.


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                                   ARTICLE IV
                                          
                                    NOTICES

          Section 1.  Whenever, under the provisions of statutes or of the 
certificate of incorporation or of these Bylaws, notice is required to be 
given to any director or stockholder, it shall not be construed to mean 
personal notice, but such notice may be given in writing, by mail, addressed 
to such director or stockholder, at his address as it appears on the records 
of the corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be 
deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United 
States mail. Notice to directors may also be given by telegram.

          Section 2.  Whenever any notice is required to be given under the 
provisions of the statutes or of the certificate of incorporation or of these 
Bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled 
to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be 
deemed equivalent thereto.
                                      
                                   ARTICLE V
                                          
                                   OFFICERS

          Section 1.  The officers of the corporation shall be chosen by the 
Board of Directors and shall be a Chairman of the Board, a president, one or 
more vice-presidents, a secretary and a chief financial officer. The Board of 
Directors may elect from among its members a Vice Chairman of the Board and 
may also choose one or more assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers. 
Any number of offices may be held by the same person, unless the certificate 
of incorporation or these Bylaws otherwise provide.

          Section 2.  The Board of Directors at its first meeting after each 
annual meeting of stockholders shall choose the officers of the corporation.

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          Section 3.  The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers 
and agents as it shall deem necessary who shall hold their offices for such 
terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be 
determined from time to time by the Board of Directors.

          Section 4.  The salaries of all officers and agents of the 
corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors.

          Section 5.  The officers of the corporation shall hold office until 
their successors are duly elected and qualified. Any officer elected or 
appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the 
affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors. Any vacancy 
occurring in any office of the corporation shall be filled by the Board of 
Directors.

          Section 6.  The Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings 
of the Board of Directors and of the stockholders at which he shall be 
present and shall have and may exercise such powers as are, from time to 
time, assigned by the Board of Directors and as may be provided by law.

          Section 7.  In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the Vice 
Chairman, if any, shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and 
of the stockholders at which he shall be present. The Vice Chairman shall 
have and may exercise such powers as are, from time to time, assigned by the 
Board of Directors and as may be provided by law.

          Section 8.  The president shall be the general manager and chief 
executive officer of the corporation, and in the absence of the Chairman and 
Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, shall preside at all meetings of the 
stockholders and the Board of Directors. The president shall have general and 
active management of the business of the 

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corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of 
Directors are carried into effect.

          Section 9.  The president shall execute bonds, mortgages and other 
contracts requiring a seal, under the seal of the corporation, except where 
required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except 
where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the 
Board of Directors to some other officer or agent of the corporation.

          Section 10. In the absence of the president or in the event of his 
inability or refusal to act, the vice president, if any, (or in the event 
there be more than one vice president, the vice presidents in the order 
designated by the directors, or in the absence of any designation, then in 
the order of their election) shall perform the duties of the president, and 
when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the 
restrictions upon the president. The vice presidents shall perform such other 
duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to 
time prescribe.

          Section 11. The secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of 
Directors and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the proceedings 
of the meetings of the corporation and of the Board of Directors in a book to 
be kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the standing 
committees when required. The secretary shall give or cause to be given, 
notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board 
of Directors and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the 
Board of Directors or president, under whose supervision he shall be. The 
secretary shall have custody of the corporate seal of the corporation, and 
the secretary or an assistant secretary shall have authority to affix the 
same to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested 
by his signature or by the signature of 

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such assistant secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority 
to any other officer to affix the seal of the corporation and to attest the 
affixing by his signature.

          Section 12. The assistant secretary, or if there be more than one, 
the assistant secretaries in the order determined by the Board of Directors 
(or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election) 
shall, in the absence of the secretary or in the event of his or her 
inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of 
the secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers 
as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.

          Section 13. The chief financial officer may also be designated by 
the alternate title of "treasurer." The chief financial officer shall have 
the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and 
accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the 
corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the 
name and to the credit of the corporation in such depositories as may be 
designated by the Board of Directors.

          Section 14. The chief financial officer shall disburse the funds of 
the corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper 
vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the president and the 
Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors 
so requires, an account of all his transactions as treasurer and of the 
financial condition of the corporation.

          Section 15. If required by the Board of Directors, the chief 
financial officer shall give the corporation a bond (which shall be renewed 
every six years) in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be 
satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the 
duties of his office and for the restoration to the corporation, in case of 
his death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all 

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books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his 
possession or under his control belonging to the corporation.

          Section 16. The assistant treasurer, or if there shall be more than 
one, the assistant treasurers in the order determined by the Board of 
Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their 
election) shall, in the absence of the chief financial officer or in the 
event of his inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the 
powers of the chief financial officer and shall perform such other duties and 
have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time 
prescribe.
                                       
                                  ARTICLE VI
                                          
                                     STOCK

          Section 1.  Every holder of stock in the corporation shall be 
entitled to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the corporation 
by, the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the president 
or a vice president and the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, or the 
secretary or an assistant secretary of the corporation, certifying the number 
of shares owned by the shareholder in the corporation.

          Certificates may be issued for partly paid shares and in such case 
upon the face or back of the certificates issued to represent any such partly 
paid shares, the total amount of the consideration to be paid therefor, and 
the amount paid thereon shall be specified.

          If the corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class 
of stock or more than one series of any class, the powers, designations, 
preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of 
each class of stock or series thereof and the qualification, limitations or 
restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or 
summarized on the face or back of the certificate which the corporation shall 
issue to represent such class or series of stock, provided that, except as 
otherwise 

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provided in Section 202 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, in lieu 
of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of 
the certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such class or 
series of stock, a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge 
to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and 
relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of 
stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions 
of such preferences and/or rights.

          Section 2.  Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be 
facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or 
whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have 
ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such 
certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same 
effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of 
issue.

          Section 3.  The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate or 
certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates 
theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or 
destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person 
claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When 
authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the Board of 
Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance 
thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or 
certificates, or his legal representative, to advertise the same in such 
manner as it shall require and/or to give the corporation a bond in such sum 
as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the 
corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen 
or destroyed.

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                    Section 4.  Upon surrender to the corporation or the 
transfer agent of the corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed 
or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignation or authority to 
transfer, it shall be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate 
to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the 
transaction upon its books.

                    Section 5.  In order that the corporation may determine 
the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of 
stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of 
any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to 
exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock 
or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may 
fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty (60) nor 
less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty 
(60) days prior to any other action. A determination of stockholders of 
record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall 
apply to any adjournment of the meeting: provided, however, that the Board of 
Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

                    Section 6.  The corporation shall be entitled to 
recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the 
owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold 
liable for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the 
owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other 
claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, 
whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as 
otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.


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                                    ARTICLE VII
                                          
                                 GENERAL PROVISIONS

                    Section 1.  Dividends upon the capital stock of the 
corporation, subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, 
if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special 
meeting, pursuant to law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in 
shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the certificate of 
incorporation.

                    Section 2.  Before payment of any dividend, there may be 
set aside out of any funds of the corporation available for dividends such 
sum or sums as the directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, 
think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for 
equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the 
corporation, or for such other purpose as the directors shall think conducive 
to the interest of the corporation, and the directors may modify or abolish 
any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.

                    Section 3.  All checks or demands for money and notes of 
the corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other 
person or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.

                    Section 4.  The fiscal year of the corporation shall be 
fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

                    Section 5.  The Board of Directors may adopt a corporate 
seal having inscribed thereon the name of the corporation, the year of its 
organization and the words "Corporate Seal, Delaware". The seal may be used 
by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced 
or otherwise.


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<PAGE>

                    Section 6.  The corporation shall indemnify to the full 
extent permitted by, and in the manner permissible under, the laws of the 
State of Delaware any person made, or threatened to be made, a party to an 
action or proceeding, whether criminal, civil, administrative or 
investigative, by reason of the fact that he, his testator or intestate is or 
was a director of the corporation or any predecessor of the corporation, or 
served any other enterprise as a director or officer at the request of the 
corporation or any predecessor of the corporation.

                    Section 7.  Expenses incurred by a director of the 
corporation in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding by 
reason of the fact that he is or was a director of the corporation (or was 
serving at the corporation's request as a director or officer of another 
enterprise or corporation) shall be paid by the corporation in advance of the 
final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an 
undertaking by or on behalf of such director to repay such amount if it shall 
ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the 
corporation as authorized by relevant sections of the General Corporation Law 
of Delaware.

                    Section 8.  Article VII, Sections 6 and 7 shall be deemed 
to be a contract between the corporation and each director who serves in such 
capacity at any time while this Bylaw is in effect, and any repeal or 
modification thereof shall not affect any rights or obligations then existing 
with respect to any state of facts then or theretofore existing or any 
action, suit or proceeding theretofore or thereafter brought based in whole 
or in part upon any such state of facts.

                    Section 9.  The Board of Directors in its discretion 
shall have power on behalf of the corporation to indemnify any person, other 
than a director, made a party to 


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<PAGE>

any action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that he, his testator or 
intestate is or was an officer or employee of the corporation.

                    Section 10.  The foregoing rights of indemnification 
shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any director or 
officer may be entitled apart from the provisions of Article VII, Sections 6, 
7, 8, 9 and this Section 10.

                                    ARTICLE VIII
                                          
                                     AMENDMENTS

                    Section 1.  These Bylaws may be altered, amended or 
repealed or new Bylaws may be adopted by the stockholders or by the Board of 
Directors, when such power is conferred upon the Board of Directors by the 
certificate of incorporation, at any regular meeting of the stockholders or 
of the Board of Directors or at any special meeting of the stockholders or of 
the Board of Directors if notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal or 
adoption of new Bylaws be contained in the notice of such special meeting. If 
the power to adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws is conferred upon the Board of 
Directors by the certificate of incorporation, it shall not divest or limit 
the power of the stockholders to adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws.

                    Section 2.  Notwithstanding any other provision in these 
Bylaws, Sections 5, 12, 13, and 14 of Article II of these Bylaws and this 
Section 2 shall not be amended, modified or repealed, directly or indirectly 
except by (i) the affirmative vote of two-thirds (2/3) or more of the 
Continuing Directors ("Continuing Director" shall mean any person then 
serving as a director of this corporation (i) who was a member of the Board 
of Directors of this corporation on October 24, 1991, or (ii) who becomes a 
director after October 24, 1991 and whose election, or nomination for 
election by this corporation's stockholders, was approved by a majority of 
the directors who at that time 

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<PAGE>

are Continuing Directors, either by a specific vote or by approval of the 
proxy statement issued by this corporation on behalf of the Board of 
Directors in which such person is named as nominee for director) and the 
approval of the stockholders otherwise required by applicable law or these 
Bylaws for such amendment; or (ii) the affirmative vote of the holders of a 
majority of the capital stock entitled to vote.

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