Exploring the Effects of Socioecono

Exploring the Effects of Socioecono

and Demographic Variables on Hou

Expenditures

Consumer Expenditure Survey Program Data Users’ Ne

B f L b St ti ti Bureau o

f

L

a

bor Stati

stics

June 22, 2010

Presented by: 

Janet Wagner, PhD

Director, Center for Excellence in Service 
Output: Articles in Refereed Jo

 “Th M d ti Eff t f S lit H h ld A 

“The 

Mo

derating Effect o

f

Seasonality on 

House

h

old

Appa

Expenditures, Journal of Consumer Affairs,” Wagner and M

 “Economic Dimensions of Household Gift-Giving,” Journal 

Research, Garner and Wagner Garner and Wagner

 “The Effects of Hispanic and Afro-American Ethnicity on C

Expenditures,” Social Science Journal, Wagner and Sobero

 “Social Class: A Multivariate Anal

y p sis of its Effect on Ex

pen

Household Services,” Journal of Consumer Studies and Ho

Economics,” Wagner and Lucero-Campins.

 “Ex

p 

enditures for Household Textiles and Textile Home Fu

Engel Curve Analysis,” Home Economics Research Journal

 “The Effectiveness of Family Life Cycle Variables in Consu

Expenditure Research,” Journal of Consumer Research, WHanna.
Output: Presentations at Mark

Conferences 

 American Marketing Association Educators’ Confere

 “The Moderating Effects of Social Class and Eth

Household Apparel Expenditures Household Apparel Expenditures, ” Wagner Dur

Wagner, Dur

Dorsett.

 American Marketing Association Service Special Int

 Model of Household Service Production Model of Household Service Production, ” Wagne

Wagne

Mokhtari.

 Association for Consumer Research

 “C E dit i M j Gift C t i 

“Consumer 

Expenditures in 

Major Gift

C

a

tegorie

and Garner.

 “Family Life Cycle Variables as Predictors of Clo

E dit ” W Expenditures,

”

Wagner.
Output: Presentations at Consume

Output: Presentations at Consume

Sciences Conferences

 A i C il C I t t American 

Council on 

Consumer In

teres

ts

 “The Consumer Expenditure Survey Series: Applicatio

Academic Research,” Wagner. 

 I t ti l T til d A l A i ti In

ternational Textile an

d

Apparel Association

 “Socioeconomic and Demographic Determinants of Ex

Clothing-Related Services,” Wagner and Press.

 “Socioeconomic and Demographic Determinants of Fo

“Socioeconomic and Demographic Determinants of Fo

Expenditures,” Wagner and Sinclair.

 “A Comparison of the Ability of FLC and FC Models to 

Household Clothing Expenditures Household Clothing Expenditures, ” Wagner and McCu

Wagner and McCu

 American Association of Family and Consumer Scien

(formerly AHEA)

 “Family Clothing Expenditures: A Comparison of Trad

Family Clothing Expenditures:

A Comparison of Trad

and Family Composition Models...” Wagner and Hann
Recent work: Effect of Seasonality 

Recent work: Effect of Seasonality 

Household Expenditures for Servic

 Rationale:

 Services account for 80% of GDP in U.S

 Categories analyzed:

 Household Operations: expenditures for 

gardening household repairs and maintgardening, household repairs and maint

 Entertainment: expenditures for fees an

admissions

 Food Away from Home: expenditures fo

consumed outside the home 

 Anal i l h d bi i lytical met

h

o

d: Tobit regression 
Data are from quarterly interv

Data are from quarterly interv

panel 

 2001  Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Panel Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 1

2

3

4

5

Panel 

begins. 

Information collected for 

1

2

3

4

5

2 2 3 4 5 3 2 3 4 5 4 1 2 3 4 5

1

2

3

4

“bounding.”

5

1

2

3

4

6 1 2 3 4 7 1 2 3 8 1 2 3 9

1

2

3

10 1 2 

Quarterly 

expenditure 

interviews begin.
Seasonal Effects on Service Expend

Seasonal Effects on Service ExpendHousehold OperationsQuarter

Variable Winter Spring Summer FallTot. Exp. *** *** *** ***Age *SingleBlack ** **Asian **

Q

HispanicB.S. *Graduate * * ***Professional * *Sales/Admin.Service ** **

Personal 

Characteristics

FarmingGovernment *CU Size (***) (***) (***) (***)Own home ** ***Student housing (***)# Child <18 *** *** **# Persons >64 *** *Neast (*)Mwest (***)Rural (**)Pop >4M ***Pop 1.2-4M

Demographics

Goodness of Fit 0.15 0.18 0.16 0.19# Observations 2603 2487 2579 2551% Right Censured 8.5 8.3 9.6 7.8
Seasonal Effects on Service Expend

Seasonal Effects on Service ExpendEntertainment

Quarter

Variable Winter Spring Summer FallTot. Exp. *** *** *** ***Age (***)SingleBlack (**) (**) (*)Asian (***) (**) (*) (**)

Q

f

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Hispanic (*) (***) (***) (***)B.S.   **  **Graduate * ** *** ***ProfessionalSales/Admin. *Service

Personal 

Characteristics

FarmingGovernmentCU Size (***) (**) (***) (***)Own home ** ***Student housing (**) (**)# Child <18 * ***# Persons >64 (*) (***)Neast (*)Mwest ** ** *

West ***Rural (**)Pop >4M ***

Demographics

Pop 1.2-4MGoodness of Fit 0.12 0.15 0.14 0.16# Observations 2603 2487 2579 2551% Right Censured 10.1 10.9 11.4 9.1
Seasonal Effects on Service Expen

Seasonal Effects on Service ExpenFood Away from Home Quarter

Variable Winter Spring Summer FallTot. Exp. *** *** *** ***Age (*) (***)SingleBlack (***) (***) (***)Asian

Q

Personal 

Characteristics

Hispanic (**)B.S.   **  **Graduate * ** *** ***

ProfessionalSales/Admin. *Service

Farming (*)GovernmentCU Size (***) (***)

Own home (**) (***) (**)Student housing (**) (***) (**)# Child <18 (*)

Demographics

( )

# Persons >64 **Neast (**) (**)Mwest (**)West (***) (**) (***)

Rural (*)Po

p >4M

Pop 1.2-4MGoodness of Fit 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.12# Observations 2603 2487 2579 2551% Right Censured 16 17.5 16.01 16.9
Evaluation of CE Data

 Keep up the excellent work! 

 This is the richest and most useful source 

the income, expenditures, and socioeconomic/demographic characteristichouseholds

 Going forward:

 Create a category for communication and 

information services 
Thank you! Thank you!

Janet Wagner, PhD

Director, Center for Excellence in Service

Robert H. Smith School of Business

University of Maryland University of Maryland

College Park, MD 20742

301-405-2126

jwagner@rhsmith umd edu jwagner@rhsmith.umd.edu