[Cite as State v. Black, 2024-Ohio-116.]

STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT

COUNTY OF MEDINA )

STATE OF OHIO

Appellee

v.

DAVID R. BLACK

Appellant

C.A. No. 2023CA0016-M

APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT

ENTERED IN THE

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS

COUNTY OF MEDINA, OHIO

CASE No. 22CR0464

DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: January 16, 2024

HENSAL, Presiding Judge.

{¶1} David Black appeals his conviction for domestic violence by the Medina County 

Court of Common Pleas. This Court affirms.

I.

{¶2} On May 23, 2021, Brunswick police officers were dispatched to check the welfare 

of E.W. after an anonymous caller reported concerns about domestic violence based on 

photographs that E.W. posted on social media. After speaking with officers for a few moments, 

E.W. showed them recent injuries, described an incident of domestic violence that had occurred 

over the weekend, and relayed information about previous incidents that led to her social media 

post. E.W. told the officers that she did not want her ex-husband, Mr. Black, to be prosecuted, but 

upon learning that Mr. Black had been convicted of domestic violence before, the officers informed 

her that he would be charged regardless.
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{¶3} A grand jury indicted Mr. Black on one charge of domestic violence, a third-degree 

felony based on his two prior convictions. The jury found him guilty, and the trial court sentenced 

Mr. Black to thirty-six months in prison. Mr. Black appealed, and his three assignments of error 

are rearranged to facilitate our review.

II.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT STATED THAT THE DEFENDANT IS 

EITHER GUILTY OR INNOCENT DURING ITS OPENING REMARKS AND 

FINAL REMARKS WHICH IS CONTRARY TO THE LAW.

{¶4} Mr. Black’s first assignment of error argues that the trial court erred by stating that 

the jury was required to find him guilty or innocent at various points during the trial. Because Mr. 

Black did not object to these statements during the trial, he is limited to arguing plain error on 

appeal. See State v. Rogers, 143 Ohio St.3d 385, 2015-Ohio-2459, ¶ 22.

{¶5} Criminal Rule 52(B) permits this Court to notice plain errors or defects that affected 

a substantial right in the absence of an objection in the trial court. This Court can only notice plain 

error when there has been a deviation from a legal rule that constitutes an obvious defect in the 

trial proceedings that affected the outcome of the trial. State v. Barnes, 94 Ohio St.3d 21, 27 

(2002). The burden of demonstrating plain error on appeal falls to the appellant, who must 

establish that there was an error in the trial court’s proceedings, that the error was obvious, and 

that there is a reasonable probability that the error affected the outcome of the trial. Rogers at ¶ 

22. “The elements of the plain-error doctrine are conjunctive: all three must apply to justify an 

appellate court’s intervention.” State v. Bailey, 171 Ohio St.3d 486, 2022-Ohio-4407, ¶ 9, citing 

Barnes at 27. This Court notices plain error only in exceptional circumstances to prevent a 
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manifest miscarriage of justice. State v. Long, 53 Ohio St.2d 91 (1978), paragraph three of the 

syllabus. See also Rogers at ¶ 23.

{¶6} Mr. Black has argued that the trial court’s statements were error, but with respect 

to prejudice, he has stated only that the statements “certainly affected the outcome of the trial.” It 

is the appellant’s burden to demonstrate that there is a reasonable probability that the outcome of 

the trial would have been different, however, so this Court will not construct this argument on his 

behalf. In re J.T., 9th Dist. Summit No. 30223, 2022-Ohio-3466, ¶ 20. Mr. Black’s first 

assignment of error is, therefore, overruled.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III

THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED A REVERSIBLE ERROR WHEN IT 

ALLOWED THE STATE TO PRESENT IMPERMISSIBLE CHARACTER 

EVIDENCE DURING THE TRIAL.

{¶7} In his third assignment of error, Mr. Black argues that the trial court erred by 

admitting evidence related to previous incidents of domestic violence. Mr. Black did not object to 

the admission of this evidence during the trial, so he is limited to arguing plain error on appeal. 

See Rogers, 143 Ohio St.3d 385, 2015-Ohio-2459, at ¶ 22. As with his first assignment of error, 

however, Mr. Black asserts that the purported other-acts evidence “is prejudicial,” but he has not 

articulated an argument that the outcome of the trial would have been different had the trial court 

excluded this evidence. It is the appellant’s responsibility to demonstrate each element of plain 

error, including prejudice. See Rogers at ¶ 22. See generally Barnes at ¶ 27. Mr. Black has not 

carried that burden, and this Court will not construct an argument on his behalf. See In re J.T. at 

¶ 20. Mr. Black’s third assignment of error is overruled.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

MR. BLACK WAS DENIED EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL AS 

GUARANTEED BY SECTION 10, ARTICLE I, OF THE OHIO 
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CONSTITUTION AND THE SIXTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT[S] 

[TO THE] UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION.

{¶8} Mr. Black’s second assignment of error argues that he received ineffective 

assistance of trial counsel because his attorney did not object to the admission of other-acts 

evidence. This Court does not agree.

{¶9} In order to demonstrate ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant most show 

deficiency in the performance of counsel “so serious that counsel was not functioning as the 

‘counsel’ guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth Amendment” and that the errors made by counsel 

were “so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial[.]” Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 

668, 687 (1984). A defendant must demonstrate prejudice by showing that, but for counsel’s 

errors, there is a reasonable possibility that the outcome of the trial would have been different. Id. 

at 694. This Court’s scrutiny of trial counsel’s performance is “highly deferential[,]” and we must 

“indulge a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable 

professional assistance[.]” Id. at 689. An appellant must overcome the presumption that counsel’s 

decisions could be considered sound trial strategy. Id. “There are countless ways to provide 

effective assistance in any given case. Even the best criminal defense attorneys would not defend 

a particular client in the same way.” Id. 

{¶10} As a general rule, evidence of character is inadmissible to prove action in 

conformity therewith. Evid.R. 404(A). This general rule applies to evidence of other crimes, 

wrongs, or acts, which are “not admissible to prove a person’s character in order to show that on 

a particular occasion the person acted in accordance with the character.” Evid.R. 404(B)(1). 

Evidence related to other acts, however, may be used for purposes unrelated to the accused’s 

propensity to commit crime. Id. “Evidence of other crimes is admissible when evidence of the 

other crime * * * explains the circumstances” related to the crime charged. State v. Long, 64 Ohio 
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App.3d 615, 627-628 (9th Dist.1989). This is because juries must understand the circumstances 

surrounding the conduct at issue. State v. Wilkinson, 64 Ohio St.2d 308, 317 (1980).

{¶11} In this case, E.W. testified that Mr. Black struck her with a broom multiple times 

and then threw her into a door during an argument that occurred sometime over the weekend before 

May 23, 2022. She testified that she did not call the police, and she explained that she participated 

in a planned motorcycle ride with Mr. Black the day after the incident. E.W. testified that the 

following Monday, multiple police officers came to her front door to inquire about domestic 

violence. With respect to the body camera video that was admitted at trial, E.W. acknowledged 

that she was confused when the officers arrived because she had not called them. When the officers 

explained that they had received an anonymous report of domestic violence based on her post on 

social media, E.W. showed them her injuries. According to the officers who responded, E.W.’s 

demeanor changed, and she became distraught. During her direct examination, E.W. explained 

the social media posts as context for the arrival of the police at her home and her reaction to them. 

This provided necessary context for the jury to understand how the police became involved in the 

matter and why she responded as she did when they arrived.

{¶12} Even if this testimony was impermissible other-acts evidence, trial counsel may 

decide, as a matter of trial strategy, not to draw attention to other-acts evidence by objecting to it. 

See State v. Hartman, 161 Ohio St.3d 214, 2020-Ohio-4440, ¶ 67. Failure to object, standing 

alone, does not support an ineffective-assistance claim. State v. Conway, 109 Ohio St.3d 412, 

2006-Ohio-2815, ¶ 103. During cross-examination and the subsequent examination of defense 

witnesses, trial counsel’s strategy was to call E.W.’s credibility into question. In doing so, trial 

counsel both referred to E.W.’s testimony during her direct examination and elicited further – and 
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more detailed – testimony about the previous incidents of domestic violence. Mr. Black has not 

overcome the presumption that this course of action was sound trial strategy on counsel’s part.

{¶13} Regardless, however, this Court cannot agree that there is a reasonable probability 

that, in the absence of this evidence, the result of the proceeding would have been different. E.W. 

described the incident that formed the basis of the charge in this case, and one of the officers who 

responded to her home described her injuries. In a recorded call from jail, Mr. Black admitted that 

the incident occurred, but disputed that the injuries E.W. sustained amounted to domestic violence.

{¶14} Mr. Black has not demonstrated that the performance of counsel was deficient or, 

if it was, that he suffered prejudice as a result. Consequently, this Court cannot conclude that Mr. 

Black received ineffective assistance of trial counsel, and his second assignment of error is 

overruled.

III.

{¶15} Mr. Black’s assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Medina 

County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

Judgment affirmed.

There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common 

Pleas, County of Medina, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of 

this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of 

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period 
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for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is instructed to 

mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the mailing in the 

docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

Costs taxed to Appellant.

JENNIFER HENSAL

FOR THE COURT

CARR, J.

STEVENSON, J.

CONCUR.

APPEARANCES:

YU MI KIM-REYNOLDS, Atorney at Law, for Appellant.

S. FORREST THOMPSON, Prosecuting Attorney, and VINCENT V. VIGLUICCI, Assistant 

Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.