DA 14-0507

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA

2015 MT 205N

IN RE THE MARRIAGE OF:

MINDY BARTON,

 Petitioner and Appellee,

 v.

JOHN BARTON,

 Respondent and Appellant.

APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Eleventh Judicial District,

In and For the County of Flathead, Cause No. DR-13-426B

Honorable Robert B Allison, Presiding Judge

COUNSEL OF RECORD:

For Appellant:

John Barton (self-represented); Fort Worth, Texas

For Appellee:

Tiffany B. Lonnevik, Lonnevik Law Firm; Kalispell, Montana

Submitted on Briefs: May 13, 2015

 Decided: July 21, 2015

Filed:

__________________________________________

Clerk

July 22 2015

Case Number: DA 14-0507
2

Justice James Jeremiah Shea delivered the Opinion of the Court.

¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating 

Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not 

serve as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this 

Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana 

Reports.

¶2 John Barton appeals from the Eleventh Judicial District Court’s decree of 

dissolution. We affirm.

¶3 We restate the issues on appeal as:

1. Was the District Court’s division of the marital assets an abuse of discretion?

2. Was the District Court’s determination of the amount of maintenance an abuse of 

discretion?

3. Did the District Court abuse its discretion when it required John to pay some of 

his attorney fees?

4. Was the District Court’s determination of the respective obligations of the parties 

for the children’s financial support an abuse of discretion?

¶4 John and Mindy were married in 2000 in Texas. John was 30, and Mindy was 21. 

Over the course of the marriage they had four children who, at the time of trial, were ages

3, 7, 9, and 13. John and Mindy coparented the children.

¶5 John’s total earnings from the ten years prior to the marriage were $4,567. Over 

the thirteen years of the marriage, John engaged in various short-term business and 

professional ventures, earning $85,525. While married, John obtained an associate’s 

degree in business financing, a bachelor’s degree in business science, and a master’s 
3

degree in business administration, as well as certification in Rolfing (an alternative health 

treatment technique).

¶6 Mindy comes from a wealthy Texas oil family and was the beneficiary of three 

trust accounts at the time the couple married. At the time of trial, Mindy was the 

beneficiary of five trusts collectively valued between $5.2 and $6 million. On average, 

the trusts distributed $345,000 per year in the six years preceding the divorce. Of that 

amount, $167,217 per year was used for living expenses. Some portion of the 

distributions was used to pay for John’s education, a failed small business venture, and 

John’s brief venture into day-trading.

¶7 Mindy petitioned for dissolution in June 2013. Prior to filing the petition, Mindy 

paid down John’s credit card debt to $1,200. By the time of trial, approximately ten 

months later, John’s credit card debt was approximately $45,000. After the petition was 

filed, John requested and received temporary support and opened a Rolfing business with 

financial assistance from Mindy. Between the petition being filed and the trial, John 

deposited approximately $25,000 in his bank accounts—though the source of these funds 

is unclear.

¶8 At trial, John testified that he believed he should receive $7,000 a month in 

maintenance for as many years as the couple was married. John’s expert testified that 

John required approximately $4,000 a month in maintenance to meet his expenses, and 

that six years would be an appropriate length of time for maintenance. The District Court 

awarded John $4,000 a month for four years to be followed by $2,000 a month for 

another four years.
4

¶9 At trial, when asked if his position was that he was entitled to any portion of the 

trusts, John testified: “Oh, I don’t think I’m entitled to anything, I think that’s the Court’s 

discretion in this hearing to decide.” No evidence was presented that John made any 

contributions to the value of the trusts. The District Court determined that John would 

not receive any portion of the trusts, but would be paid maintenance from trust 

distributions.

¶10 The child support calculation worksheet showed that John should pay Mindy 

$1,666 a month in child support. Mindy waived that amount, though, so the District 

Court did not require John to pay monthly child support. The dissolution decree requires 

Mindy to pay for health insurance and John to pay 32% of any out-of-pocket medical, 

dental, optical, pharmacological, or counseling costs incurred on behalf of the children.

¶11 The decree of dissolution awarded John $288,000 in maintenance to be paid over 

eight years, his Rolfing business, one of the couple’s two vehicles, half of the couple’s 

$20,500 joint tax refund, $22,600 in attorney fees, and a cash equalization payment of 

$61,533, representing half the value of the equity in the marital home and personal 

property. The decree waived John’s $1,666-per-month child support obligation. John 

was assigned the debt on the vehicle he purchased after the dissolution petition was filed 

and the debt on his credit cards. John appeals the decree of dissolution.

¶12 Section 40-4-202, MCA, governs the distribution of a marital estate and vests a 

district court with broad discretion to apportion the marital estate in a manner equitable to 

each party under the circumstances. In re Marriage of Bartsch, 2007 MT 136, ¶ 9, 

337 Mont. 386, 162 P.3d 72. We initially review a district court’s division of marital 
5

property and maintenance awards to determine whether the findings of fact upon which 

the division is based are clearly erroneous. In re Marriage of Swanson, 2004 MT 124, 

¶ 12, 321 Mont. 250, 90 P.3d 418. Absent clearly erroneous findings, we will affirm a 

district court’s division of property and award of maintenance unless we identify an 

abuse of discretion. In re Marriage of Rudolf, 2007 MT 178, ¶ 15, 338 Mont. 226, 

164 P.3d 907. In a dissolution proceeding, the test for an abuse of discretion is whether 

the district court acted arbitrarily without employment of conscientious judgment or 

exceeded the bounds of reason resulting in a substantial injustice. In re Rudolph, ¶ 15.

¶13 1. Was the District Court’s division of the marital assets an abuse of discretion?

¶14 John argues that the District Court improperly valued the marital residence and 

various personal property. However, John either presented no evidence of the proper 

value of the disputed properties, or he presented vague evidence that the District Court 

rejected. In some instances, the District Court adopted John’s vague testimony about the 

value of personal property and awarded him a cash equalization payment of half the value 

John testified the property was worth. John has not demonstrated that any of the District 

Court’s findings of fact on the value of property were clearly erroneous.

¶15 John also speculates on appeal that the trusts are worth more or there are more 

trusts than Mindy disclosed. He presented no evidence to that effect at trial, however, 

and he neither objected to Mindy’s evidence of the value of the trusts nor did he impeach 

it. Since John has not demonstrated that any of the District Court’s findings of fact were 

clearly erroneous, we address whether the property division was an abuse of discretion. 

In re Rudolph, ¶ 15.
6

¶16 John argues that the District Court should have awarded him a portion of the 

trusts’ value. We note, however, that Mindy acquired three of the trusts before the 

marriage, the remaining two were created with funds from those three trusts when they 

expired, and all the money in the trusts was inherited before the marriage. The trusts thus 

fall under the portion of § 40-4-202, MCA, which provides:

In dividing property acquired prior to the marriage; . . . [and] the increased 

value of property acquired prior to marriage; . . . the court shall 

consider those contributions of the other spouse to the marriage, including:

(a) the nonmonetary contribution of a homemaker;

(b) the extent to which such contributions have facilitated the maintenance 

of this property; and

(c) whether or not the property division serves as an alternative to 

maintenance arrangements.

Although the court must consider the statutory factors when dividing property acquired 

before the marriage, the factors do not prevent the court from exercising its discretion in 

dividing such property. In re Funk, 2012 MT 14, ¶ 19, 363 Mont. 352, 270 P.3d 39.

¶17 In considering the statutory factors, the District Court found that Mindy 

contributed disproportionally to the marriage because her trust funds were used to buy or 

service debt on almost every asset acquired during the marriage—meaning that John’s 

total income of approximately $85,000 over the course of the marriage did not contribute 

in any meaningful way to preservation of the trusts’ assets. The District Court also found 

that, while John made non-monetary contributions to the family in the form of childcare 

and homemaking, his contributions did not exceed Mindy’s. We further note that those 

contributions did not facilitate the maintenance of the trusts, either directly or indirectly. 

The District Court also found that Mindy was willing to pay maintenance to John in lieu 
7

of an award of some portion of the trusts. John has not demonstrated that any of the 

District Court’s findings were clearly erroneous, nor has he made any persuasive 

argument that awarding the trusts to Mindy was an abuse of discretion.

¶18 2. Was the District Court’s determination of the amount of maintenance an abuse 

of discretion?

¶19 John argues that he should have received $7,000 a month in maintenance for ten 

years. This amount represents John’s projected monthly cost of living. Although it is not 

clear how John arrived at the ten-year duration, he argues that it was an abuse of 

discretion for the District Court to award him less.

¶20 Generally, maintenance is not favored. In re Marriage of Crilly, 2009 MT 187, 

¶ 10, 351 Mont. 71, 209 P.3d 249. Maintenance is appropriate when a spouse has 

insufficient assets to cover living expenses and reasonably cannot earn a sufficient 

amount to maintain an appropriate standard of living. In re Marriage of Crilly, 

¶ 10; Section 40-4-203, MCA.

¶21 The District Court’s determination of maintenance was based on John’s testimony 

and his expert’s testimony that John’s projected expenses, minus his projected income, 

amounted to a deficit of approximately $4,000 per month. Both John and his expert 

testified that John’s expenses would be approximately $6,500 per month and that he 

would earn on average approximately $2,500 per month, leaving a deficit of $4,000 per 

month. The District Court concluded that $4,000 per month for four years would give 

John time to grow his Rolfing business and become fully self-supporting, and that $2,000 
8

per month for the following four years would allow John to further enhance his business 

and earn money toward retirement.

¶22 We further note that John has a marketable master’s degree in business 

administration, an ostensibly profitable Rolfing practice, and his $1,666 per month child 

support obligation was waived pursuant to Mindy’s stipulation. Although the entirety of 

his $45,000 in credit card debt was assigned to him in the decree, according to John’s 

testimony at least $10,000 of that debt is attorney fees, for which Mindy was required to 

reimburse him. The District Court imposed that debt on John because it found that he 

incurred it as a result of profligate spending after the separation. We find no abuse of 

discretion in the District Court’s award of $288,000 in maintenance over eight years, or 

in its refusal to award John the entire amount of his monthly expenses for ten years.

¶23 3. Did the District Court abuse its discretion when it required John to pay some 

of his attorney fees?

¶24 Pursuant to § 40-4-110, MCA, a district court “may order a party to pay a 

reasonable amount for the costs to the other party of maintaining or defending any 

proceeding under chapters 1 and 4.” An award of attorney fees under § 40-4-110, MCA,

must be reasonable, based on necessity, and rooted in competent evidence. In re 

Marriage of Barnard, 241 Mont. 147, 154, 785 P.2d 1387, 1391 (1990). We review a 

district court’s award of attorney fees in a dissolution action for abuse of discretion. In re 

Marriage of Dennison, 2006 MT 56, ¶ 23, 331 Mont. 315, 132 P.3d 535. This Court will 

not disturb an award of fees if it is supported by substantial evidence. Weibert v. 

Weibert, 2015 MT 29, ¶ 10, 378 Mont. 135, 343 P.3d 563.
9

¶25 According to John’s testimony at trial, his legal fees totaled $27,600 for two 

attorneys. The District Court ordered Mindy to pay $22,600 of that amount. John was 

ordered to pay $5,000. John is required to pay less than one fifth of his attorney fees. 

John argues that the District Court should have awarded him all of his attorney fees.

¶26 Considering John has an income of approximately $6,500 per month and his only 

financial obligation to his children is for 32% of out-of-pocket medical costs, $5,000 is 

not an onerous financial obligation. The District Court’s determination was based on 

substantial evidence in the form of John’s own testimony regarding his finances and his 

attorney fees. John has not directed our attention to any evidence in the record that he 

would not be able to pay that amount. See In re Marriage of Barnard, 241 Mont. at 154, 

785 P.2d at 1391 (an award of attorney fees under § 40-4-110, MCA, must be based on 

necessity). John has not demonstrated any abuse of discretion in the District Court’s 

partial award of attorney fees.

¶27 4. Was the District Court’s determination of the respective obligations of the 

parties for the children’s financial support an abuse of discretion?

¶28 The child support guidelines determined that John should pay Mindy $1,666 for 

financial support of their four children because the children would reside primarily with 

Mindy. Mindy waived that amount, but the District Court still required John to pay 32% 

of any out-of-pocket medical expenses. Mindy’s trust money pays for health insurance 

for all of the children, and John is not required to reimburse her for any portion of the 

premiums. In light of John’s relief from the obligation of paying $1,666 per month in 

child support and Mindy’s obligation to provide health insurance, we do not see any 
10

abuse of discretion in requiring him to pay approximately one third of out-of-pocket 

medical expenses.

¶29 John also raises the anomalous argument that while Mindy waived child support, 

John did not. John seems to believe that both parents owe child support obligations to 

each other. In fact, the child support calculations showed that only John had an 

obligation to Mindy because she was the primary residential parent and thus would incur 

most of the financial burden of providing for the children. Mindy had no obligation to 

pay any child support to John, thus there was nothing for him to waive.

¶30 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c) of 

our Internal Operating Rules, which provides for memorandum opinions. In the opinion 

of the Court, the case presents questions controlled by settled law and by the clear 

application of applicable standards of review. The District Court did not abuse its 

discretion in any of its determinations of the divisions of property or the respective 

financial obligations of the parties. Affirmed.

/S/ JAMES JEREMIAH SHEA

We Concur: 

/S/ MIKE McGRATH

/S/ MICHAEL E WHEAT

/S/ BETH BAKER

/S/ LAURIE McKINNON