Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 71A05-1411-JT-541 | July 27, 2015 Page 1 of 11

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this 

Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as 

precedent or cited before any court except for the 

purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, 

collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

Anthony M. Rose

South Bend, IN

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

Gregory F. Zoeller

Attorney General of Indiana

Robert J. Henke

Abigail R. Recker

Deputy Attorney General

Indianapolis, Indiana

I N T H E

COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Matter of the Termination

of the Parent-Child Relationship

of B.G. & F.G. (Children),

 and,

F.G., Sr., 

Appellant-Respondent,

 v.

The Indiana Department of Child 

Services,

Appellee-Plaintiff.

July 27, 2015

Court of Appeals Cause No.

71A05-1411-JT-541

Appeal from the St. Joseph Probate 

Court

Cause No. 71J01-1403-JT-31

 71J01-1403-JT-32

The Honorable James Fox, Judge
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Barnes, Judge.

Case Summary

[1] F.G., Sr. (“Father”) appeals the termination of his parental rights to his 

children, F.G. and B.G. We affirm.

Issue

[2] Father raises one issue, which we restate as whether the evidence is sufficient to 

sustain the termination of his parental rights.

Facts

[3] A.V. (“Mother”) and Father had two children together, F.G., who was born in 

January 2005, and B.G., who was born in February 2008. On April 4, 2012, 

the Department of Child Services (“DCS”) removed the children from Mother’s 

care due to allegations of neglect, lack of supervision, and illegal drug use by 

Mother. Father was incarcerated beginning in April 2012 for an habitual traffic 

violator offense, and DCS could not locate him. Father has had numerous 

driving offense convictions, including at least one driving while intoxicated

conviction.

[4] DCS filed a petition alleging that the children were children in need of services 

(“CHINS”), and Mother admitted to the allegations. The children were 
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initially placed with their maternal grandmother. However, in September 2012,

the children were moved into a foster home.

[5] Father was eventually located, and in September 2013, Father also admitted the 

allegations contained in the CHINS petition. The trial court ordered Father to 

“participate in any classes he can while incarcerated at the Westville 

Correctional facility.” Ex. A p. 25. Father had no contact with the children 

during his incarceration. In fact, Father had not seen the children for 

approximately one year before his incarceration.

[6] Mother’s parental rights were eventually terminated. In March 2014, DCS also 

filed a petition to terminate Father’s parental rights. A hearing was held in 

August 2014. DCS presented evidence that Father was not due to be released 

from incarceration until November 2016, that he did not begin taking any 

classes while incarcerated in the Department of Correction until after the 

petition to terminate his parental rights was filed, and that the children were 

doing well in foster care. In October 2014, the trial court entered findings of 

fact and conclusions thereon terminating Father’s parental rights. Father now 

appeals. 

Analysis

[7] Father challenges the termination of his parental rights to F.G. and B.G. The 

Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the 

traditional right of parents to establish a home and raise their children. In re 

I.A., 934 N.E.2d 1127, 1132 (Ind. 2010). “A parent’s interest in the care, 
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custody, and control of his or her children is ‘perhaps the oldest of the 

fundamental liberty interests.’” Id. (quoting Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57, 65, 

120 S. Ct. 2054 (2000)). “Indeed the parent-child relationship is ‘one of the 

most valued relationships in our culture.’” Id. (quoting Neal v. DeKalb County 

Div. of Family & Children, 796 N.E.2d 280, 285 (Ind. 2003)). We recognize of 

course that parental interests are not absolute and must be subordinated to the 

child’s interests when determining the proper disposition of a petition to 

terminate parental rights. Id. Thus, “[p]arental rights may be terminated when 

the parents are unable or unwilling to meet their parental responsibilities.” Id.

(quoting In re D.D., 804 N.E.2d 258, 265 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied).

[8] When reviewing the termination of parental rights, we do not reweigh the 

evidence or judge witness credibility. Id. We consider only the evidence and 

reasonable inferences that are most favorable to the judgment. Id. We must 

also give “due regard” to the trial court’s unique opportunity to judge the 

credibility of the witnesses. Id. (quoting Ind. Trial Rule 52(A)). Here, the trial 

court entered findings of fact and conclusions thereon in granting DCS’s

petition to terminate Father’s parental rights. When reviewing findings of fact 

and conclusions thereon entered in a case involving a termination of parental 

rights, we apply a two-tiered standard of review. First, we determine whether 

the evidence supports the findings, and second we determine whether the 

findings support the judgment. Id. We will set aside the trial court’s judgment 

only if it is clearly erroneous. Id. A judgment is clearly erroneous if the 
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findings do not support the trial court’s conclusions or the conclusions do not 

support the judgment. Id. 

[9] Indiana Code Section 31-35-2-8(a) provides that “if the court finds that the 

allegations in a petition described in [Indiana Code Section 31-35-2-4] are true, 

the court shall terminate the parent-child relationship.” Indiana Code Section 

31-35-2-4(b)(2) provides that a petition to terminate a parent-child relationship 

involving a child in need of services must allege, in part:

(B) that one (1) of the following is true:

(i) There is a reasonable probability that the 

conditions that resulted in the child’s removal or 

the reasons for placement outside the home of the 

parents will not be remedied.

(ii) There is a reasonable probability that the 

continuation of the parent-child relationship 

poses a threat to the well-being of the child.

(iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, 

been adjudicated a child in need of services;

(C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and

(D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and 

treatment of the child.

The State must establish these allegations by clear and convincing evidence. 

Egly v. Blackford County Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 592 N.E.2d 1232, 1234 (Ind. 1992).

A. Changed Conditions

[10] Father first argues that the trial court’s conclusion that the conditions that 

resulted in the children’s removal or the reasons for placement outside the 
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home of the parents will not be remedied is clearly erroneous.1 In making this 

determination, the trial court must judge a parent’s fitness to care for his or her 

child at the time of the termination hearing and take into consideration 

evidence of changed conditions. In re J.T., 742 N.E.2d 509, 512 (Ind. Ct. App. 

2001), trans. denied. However, the trial court must also “evaluate the parent’s 

habitual patterns of conduct to determine the probability of future neglect or 

deprivation of the child.” Id. The trial court can properly consider the services 

that the State offered to the parent and the parent’s response to those services. 

In re C.C., 788 N.E.2d 847, 854 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003), trans. denied.

[11] The trial court found:

a. The Court credits Father’s and paternal grandmother’s 

testimony, and therefore finds that the [children were] unable to 

be placed with father due to his ongoing incarceration. Father 

testified that he has recently sought enrollment in Indiana 

Department of Correction programs that will possibly reduce 

his sentence. Father was unable to explain why he has 

previously failed to engage in these programs.

 

1

Father also argues that the trial court’s conclusion that the continuation of the parent-child relationship 

poses a threat to the well-being of the children is clearly erroneous. Indiana Code Section 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B) 

is written in the disjunctive. Subsection (b)(2)(B)(iii), which concerns repeated CHINS adjudications, is 

inapplicable here. Consequently, DCS was required to demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence a 

reasonable probability that either: (1) the conditions that resulted in the children’s removal or the reasons for 

placement outside the home of the parents will not be remedied, or (2) the continuation of the parent-child 

relationship poses a threat to the well-being of the children. The trial court found a reasonable probability 

that the conditions that resulted in the children’s removal and continued placement outside Father’s home 

would not be remedied, and there is sufficient evidence in the record to support the trial court’s conclusion. 

Thus, we need not determine whether there was a reasonable probability that the continuation of the parentchild relationship poses a threat to the well-being of the children. See, e.g., Bester v. Lake County Office of 

Family & Children, 839 N.E.2d 143, 148 n.5 (Ind. 2005); In re T.F., 743 N.E.2d 766, 774 (Ind. Ct. App. 

2001), trans. denied. 
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b. Sadly, the Court must find that Father, despite his testimony, 

has displayed a pattern of behavior that is focused on his wants 

rather than the interests of his children. Father testified that he 

knew that continued driving would likely lead to incarceration. 

Despite this he inexplicably continued to drive. Father knew 

that he could contact the Department of Child Services yet did 

not enroll in them [sic]. The Father knew that there were 

programs that would allow for a reduction of sentence yet did 

not [sic]. Father knew that he could contact his children, but 

failed to do so, yet contacts former girlfriend and her children 

instead.

c. Indeed, while the Court credits [Father’s] attempts to engage in 

programs that might reduce his sentence, it finds that this is 

entitled to almost no evidentiary weight: [Father’s] testimony 

must be weighed against the pattern of prohibitive behavior that 

resulted in his ongoing incarceration and lack of involvement in 

his children’s life during this pendency of this case.

d. There is certainly a remote possibility that [Father] will, at long 

last, begin to make even small steps toward reducing his 

sentence. However, rather than speculate on how [Father] 

might respond in the future, “the court must evaluate the 

parent’s pattern of conduct to determine the probability of 

future neglect or deprivation.” [Father’s] conduct has been 

almost uniformly negative during this case’s pendency.

e. Indeed, [Father’s] argument proves too much: [Father] now 

laments that the Department of Child Services is remiss for not 

providing a program that would allow Father to extricate 

himself from the web of his own making. The Court finds this 

logic confused. It is a stretch to suggest that the Department of 

Child Services has any duty to provide a program in a situation 

that is and should be completely at the discretion of the Indiana 

Department of Correction. Indiana Department of Correction 

controls programming and the sentencing cuts that result from 

that programming. Parental rights are legitimately terminated 

even when a parent makes some but insufficient progress 

toward a remedy. [H]ere, Father only speculates that he will 

make progress. Importantly, the timeline on which the Court 

must focus in the child’s, not [Father’s].
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f. In sum, the Court rejects [Father’s] argument, and, as above, 

finds that the Department has clearly and convincingly proven 

that the conditions resulting in the [children’s] removal will not 

be remedied.

App. pp. 13-14 (internal citations omitted). 

[12] According to Father, he is scheduled to be released from incarceration in 

November 2016. Father argues that he is not a violent offender, that he has 

been a provider for his family, and that he has enrolled in programs that could 

reduce his sentence. Father also argues that he followed the dispositional order 

by enrolling in the programs at the prison.

[13] Father is currently scheduled to be released from incarceration in November 

2016. Although the trial court ordered Father to enroll in courses through the 

DOC in September 2013, Father did not enroll in any courses until after the

petition for termination of his parental rights was filed. If he completes the 

courses, he could have his sentence reduced, but no reduction was certain at the 

time of the hearing. His testimony at the termination hearing revealed that he 

did not have definite housing or employment plans for when he was released 

from his incarceration. Even if Father was released from incarceration early, he 

would still need to “do services, find housing, be able to provide for the 

children[, and] bond with the children.” Tr. p. 62. Further, Father had not had 

contact with the children since a year before his incarceration, or approximately 

2011. 

[14] This case is distinguishable from In re G.Y., 904 N.E.2d 1257 (Ind. 2009), upon 

which Father relies. In G.Y., our supreme court reversed the termination of a
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mother’s parental rights where, although she was incarcerated, her crimes were 

committed prior to the child’s birth, she took several classes in prison to better 

herself, she had a positive and consistent relationship with the child, she had 

made employment and housing plans for after her release, and her release from 

prison was imminent. Here, Father does not have a relationship with the 

children, his crimes were committed after the children were born, his 

employment and housing plans were unclear, and he did not begin any classes 

until the termination petition was filed. Given Father’s incarceration, uncertain 

future, and lack of relationship with the children, we cannot say that the trial 

court’s conclusion that the conditions resulting in the children’s removal or the 

reasons for placement outside Father’s home will not be remedied is clearly 

erroneous.

B. Best Interests

[15] Next, Father challenges the trial court’s conclusion that termination is in the 

children’s best interests. In determining what is in the best interests of the 

children, the trial court is required to look at the totality of the evidence. D.D., 

804 N.E.2d at 267. In doing so, the trial court must subordinate the interests of 

the parents to those of the children involved. Id.

[16] The trial court found that the case manager, foster mother, and CASA indicate 

that the children are doing well and do not ask about Mother or Father. The 

trial court also noted that the CASA recommended termination. The evidence 

supports the trial court’s findings. The children should not have to wait 

indefinitely for Father to be released from prison, complete the necessary 
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services, establish employment and housing, and develop a relationship with 

the children. During his testimony, even Father admitted that it was not fair to 

ask the children to wait on him. The children are doing well in their foster 

home, they have progressed in therapy, and F.G. especially would be 

“devastat[ed]” to be removed from the foster home. Tr. p. 42. Given this 

evidence, the trial court’s finding regarding the children’s best interests is not 

clearly erroneous.

C. Appropriate Plan

[17] Finally, Father argues that the trial court’s conclusion that there is a 

satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the children is clearly erroneous. 

In order for the trial court to terminate the parent-child relationship the trial 

court must find that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the 

child. D.D., 804 N.E.2d at 268. This plan need not be detailed, so long as it 

offers a general sense of the direction in which the child will be going after the 

parent-child relationship is terminated. Id.

[18] The trial court found that the plan was for the children to be adopted by their 

foster parents and that the plan was “more than satisfactory.” App. p. 14. The 

trial court credited the case manager’s testimony “that the children are ‘doing 

well’ in their current foster placement, where they have been since removal. 

Notably, the children ‘get along’ with the home’s other children.” Id.

[19] Father disagrees and argues that DCS’s plan for the children is not satisfactory 

because of an allegation of sexual activity involving the children and another 
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child in the foster home. Evidence was presented that the incident was reported 

to a therapist, DCS was notified and investigated, the report was 

unsubstantiated, and a safety plan was put in place. The trial court addressed 

this concern and found that “allegations regarding the children in the foster 

home were promptly investigated and dealt with by the Department of Child 

Services. Service providers testified that they have counseled the children and 

are confident in the placement with the current foster parents.” Id. at 15. 

[20] DCS’s general plan for the children was adoption, and that plan is satisfactory. 

The incident in question was appropriately addressed and does not affect 

whether DCS’s plan is satisfactory. The trial court’s conclusion is not clearly 

erroneous. 

Conclusion

[21] The trial court’s termination of Father’s parental rights to the children is not 

clearly erroneous. We affirm.

[22] Affirmed.

Riley, J., and Bailey, J., concur.