UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD 

WILLIAM J. BREWER,

Appellant,

v.

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY,

Agency.

DOCKET NUMBER

SF-0752-15-0216-I-1

DATE: July 22, 2015

THIS ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL1

William J. Brewer, Lancaster, California, pro se. 

Larry F. Estrada, Esquire, Los Angeles, California, for the agency. 

BEFORE

Susan Tsui Grundmann, Chairman

Mark A. Robbins, Member

REMAND ORDER

¶1 The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which 

dismissed his removal appeal as untimely filed without good cause shown. For 

the reasons discussed below, we GRANT the appellant’s petition for review and 

AFFIRM the initial decision in part and VACATE the initial decision in part. We 

 1 A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add 

significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders, 

but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not 

required to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a 

precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board 

as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117(c). 
2

REMAND the case to the Western Regional Office for further adjudication in 

accordance with this Order. 

DISCUSSION OF ARGUMENTS ON REVIEW

¶2 Effective November 3, 2014, the agency removed the appellant from his 

position as a Supervisory Civil Engineer, GS-13, based on charges of sexual 

harassment and discourteous conduct. Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 3 at 24-27,

Tab 9 at 20-25. It appears that the appellant received the agency’s removal notice 

on November 3, 2014. See IAF, Tab 3 at 83. 

¶3 The agency’s removal notice informed the appellant of his right to appeal 

his removal to the Board within 30 days. Id. at 25. It also informed him that if 

he believed his removal was discriminatory he could file an equal employment 

opportunity (EEO) complaint within 45 days of the effective date of his removal. 

Id. at 26. 

¶4 The appellant filed an appeal with the Board regarding his removal on 

December 22, 2014. IAF, Tab 1. On the same date, he filed a formal complaint 

of discrimination (Agency Docket No. ARCELA14MAY01918). IAF, Tab 10

at 15. 

¶5 In the acknowledgment order, the administrative judge advised the appellant 

of his burden to establish that his appeal was timely filed. IAF, Tab 2 at 2. She 

set forth the timeliness requirements under 5 C.F.R. § 1201.22(b); namely, that an 

appeal must be filed within 30 days of the effective date of the action being 

appealed, or 30 days from when the appellant receives the agency’s decision, 

whichever is later. Id. In response, the appellant stated that his appeal was filed 

19 days beyond the 30-day filing period. IAF, Tab 3 at 83. He also stated that he 

“found it impossible to make a timely submittal due to the sudden action of 

removal” and because he had “many important and critical tasks to perform” after 

receiving the agency’s removal notice, including: (1) obtaining information 

regarding health insurance; (2) filing for unemployment insurance; and 
3

(3) researching and obtaining documents for his appeal. Id. He further stated that 

he was “dealing with the holiday season of activities” and “office closure.” Id. 

¶6 In a subsequent filing, the appellant asserted that his appeal was a mixed 

case and that the agency failed to properly advise him of mixed case procedures 

in its removal notice. IAF, Tab 10 at 7. He argued that the Board should

therefore waive the filing deadline. Id. 

¶7 The administrative judge issued an initial decision, dismissing the appeal as 

untimely filed. IAF, Tab 14, Initial Decision (ID). She found that the appellant 

was required to file his appeal no later than 30 days after his receipt of the 

agency’s decision, that his appeal was untimely filed by 19 days, and that he 

failed to establish good cause for the filing delay. ID. As to the appellant’s 

claim that his appeal was a mixed case, she noted that he “provided no evidence 

that he timely filed a mixed case complaint prior to his filing with the Board.”2

 

ID at 4. 

¶8 The appellant has filed a petition for review. Petition for Review (PFR) 

File, Tab 1. He appears to assert that he is entitled to a waiver of the filing 

deadline because the agency’s removal notice failed to properly advise him of 

mixed-case procedures.

3

 Id. at 7-8, 11-12. He notes that he submitted 

 2 An appellant is entitled to receive notice of the precise timeliness issue in his appeal. 

Bell v. Department of Homeland Security, 95 M.S.P.R. 580, ¶ 9 (2004). The 

administrative judge’s acknowledgment order only informed the appellant of the 

timeliness standards under 5 C.F.R. § 1201.22. IAF, Tab 2 at 2. Because the appellant 

alleged that his appeal was a mixed case, the administrative judge also should have 

informed him of the timeliness standards under 5 C.F.R. § 1201.154. See Bell, 

95 M.S.P.R. 580, ¶ 9 (the administrative judge erred by referring only to the general 

standards for timely filing under 5 C.F.R. § 1201.22(b), even though the appellant 

previously argued that his appeal was timely filed under the standards for mixed-case 

appeals at 5 C.F.R. § 1201.154). The agency’s pleadings did not cure this lack of 

notice. See IAF, Tabs 9, 12. 

3

 The appellant raises numerous arguments regarding the merits of his removal appeal. 

PFR File, Tab 1 at 14-17. We cannot reach these arguments unless the timeliness issue 

is resolved in his favor. 
4

documentation regarding his EEO complaint below. Id. at 8. The agency filed a 

response, to which the appellant did not reply. PFR File, Tab 3. 

We find, assuming that section 1201.22 applies, that the appellant’s petition for 

appeal was untimely filed without good cause shown for waiving the filing

deadline. 

¶9 First, to the extent that 5 C.F.R. § 1201.22 applies, we agree with the 

administrative judge’s finding that the appellant’s arguments do not establish 

good cause for his filing delay. See PFR File, Tab 1 at 7, 9, 12. The untimely 

filing of a petition for appeal may be waived for good cause shown. To establish 

good cause for waiver, a party must show that he exercised due diligence or 

ordinary prudence under the particular circumstances of the case. Alonzo v. 

Department of the Air Force, 4 M.S.P.R. 180, 184 (1980). To determine if an 

appellant has shown good cause, the Board will consider the length of the delay, 

the reasonableness of his excuse and his showing of due diligence, whether he is 

proceeding pro se, and whether he has presented evidence of the existence of 

circumstances beyond his control that affected his ability to comply with the time 

limits or of unavoidable casualty or misfortune which similarly shows a causal 

relationship to his inability to timely file his petition. Moorman v. Department of 

the Army, 68 M.S.P.R. 60, 62-63 (1995), aff’d, 79 F.3d 1167 (Fed. Cir. 1996) 

(Table). 

¶10 Here, we first find that the delay—19 days—is a lengthy one, and that, even 

though the appellant is pro se, it appears that he received the agency’s removal 

notice on November 3, 2014, and that the notice letter clearly informed him of 

when he had to file. The appellant also argued on review and below that: (1) his 

appeal was only 18, not 19, days late; (2) he was unable to file his appeal within 

 

The appellant also copies, nearly verbatim, “comments” he submitted in opposition to 

the agency’s motion to dismiss. Compare IAF, Tab 13 at 6-8, with PFR File, Tab 1

at 9-11. To the extent that the appellant is arguing that the administrative judge should 

have denied the agency’s motion, we find that this issue is moot in light of our remand

order.
5

30 days because he experienced stress due to the sudden loss of his job; (3) he 

had to travel to Egypt to look after his children; and (4) he did not have legal 

counsel to assist him. We agree with the administrative judge that these excuses 

do not show due diligence or ordinary prudence to justify the untimely filing. ID 

5-6; see Minor v. Department of the Air Force, 109 M.S.P.R. 692, ¶¶ 5-8 (2008) 

(finding that the appellant did not establish good cause for waiving filing 

deadline, where he asserted that he untimely filed because he had been “very busy 

and distraught” due to his wife’s cancer, his mother-in-law’s surgery, and his 

inability to afford legal representation). 

We remand for further development of the record on whether section 1201.154 

should apply and, if so, whether the appellant’s appeal was timely filed on that 

basis. 

¶11 We find it necessary to remand this appeal because the record is not 

sufficiently developed for us to assess the timeliness of the appellant’s appeal on 

a different basis. Specifically, for the reasons set forth below, it is unclear 

whether 5 C.F.R. § 1201.154 should apply. 

¶12 An employee who has been subjected to an appealable action may first file 

a timely discrimination complaint with an agency or an appeal with the Board, but 

not both. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.154(a); 29 C.F.R. § 1614.302(b). If an employee first 

files a timely formal complaint of discrimination with an agency, he then may file 

an appeal with the Board: (1) within 30 days after receiving the agency 

resolution or final decision on the discrimination issue; or (2) if the agency has

not resolved the matter or issued a final decision within 120 days, at any time 

after the expiration of the 120-day period. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.154(b). If the 

employee’s formal discrimination complaint is untimely filed, then the time limits 

set forth at 5 C.F.R. § 1201.22, rather than the mixed case time limits set forth 

at 5 C.F.R. § 1201.154(b), are applicable to his Board appeal. Cloutier v. U.S. 

Postal Service, 89 M.S.P.R. 411, ¶ 6 (2001); Estate of Pyc v. Department of 

Veterans Affairs, 73 M.S.P.R. 326, 328 n.3 (1997). 
6

¶13 The record evidence indicates that the appellant filed a formal EEO 

complaint on the same day he filed the instant appeal. IAF, Tab 10 at 15. We 

cannot determine from the record whether that EEO complaint encompassed the 

agency’s removal action. The complaint included the agency’s proposed removal 

action, IAF, Tab 12 at 13, but this is not dispositive. See Hay v. U.S. Postal 

Service, 106 M.S.P.R. 151, ¶ 14 (2007) (the filing of an EEO complaint regarding 

a proposed removal does not affect the Board’s jurisdiction over the removal 

unless there is a clear showing that the parties intended the complaint to include 

the removal action). 

¶14 The agency asserts that, even if the appellant’s formal complaint 

encompassed his removal, it was untimely filed. 4

 PFR File, Tab 3 at 9-10. 

However, we may not dismiss an appeal on the ground that an appellant’s formal 

complaint was untimely filed absent evidence of a final agency decision finding 

that a complaint was not timely filed, when that decision was not appealed to the 

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), or a final EEOC decision 

finding a complaint untimely. Augustine v. Department of Justice, 100 M.S.P.R. 

156, ¶ 10 (2005). The record does not contain information regarding the current 

status of the appellant’s EEO complaint, so we cannot conclude that it was 

untimely filed. 

¶15 If the appellant’s EEO complaint encompassed his removal, then we would 

ordinarily look to which one—the EEO complaint or the instant Board appeal—he 

filed first to assess the timeliness of his appeal. However, an agency is required 

to:

 4 The agency asserts that the appellant failed to timely file his formal complaint within 

15 days of receiving the agency’s October 8, 2014 notice of his right to do so. PFR 

File, Tab 3 at 9-10; see IAF, Tab 12 at 13. However, the agency’s removal action did

not become effective until November 3, 2014, nearly a month after the agency informed 

the appellant of his right to file a formal complaint. The agency also asserts that the 

appellant failed to contact an EEO counselor within 45 days of the effective date of his 

removal. PFR File, Tab 3 at 9-10. 
7

[I]nform every employee who is the subject of an action that is 

appealable to the MSPB and who has either orally or in writing 

raised the issue of discrimination during the processing of the action 

of the right to file either a mixed case complaint with the agency or 

to file a mixed case appeal with the Board. The person shall be 

advised that he or she may not initially file both a mixed case 

complaint and an appeal on the same matter and that whichever is 

filed first shall be considered an election to proceed in that forum. 

29 C.F.R. § 1614.302(b). Because the appellant had filed an EEO complaint 

regarding the agency’s proposed removal action and the investigation underlying

the proposal, the agency should have provided him with the notice required 

by 29 C.F.R. § 1614.302(b) when it sustained the removal action. Cf. Mincey v. 

U.S. Postal Service, 79 M.S.P.R. 663, 666-67 (1998). Contrary to the agency’s 

assertions, its removal notice did not include such notice. See PFR File, Tab 3

at 8-9. While the agency advised the appellant that he could file a Board appeal 

or an EEO complaint, and the time limits for filing either, it did not inform him 

that he could not do both. 5

 IAF, Tab 3 at 24-27. Thus, to the extent that his EEO 

complaint encompassed his removal, he cannot be considered to have made a 

valid election between pursuing the EEO process and filing a Board appeal. See 

Moore v. Department of Justice, 112 M.S.P.R. 382, ¶¶ 12-13 (2009) (an election 

is not valid unless the agency has properly informed the appellant of the election 

requirements and its consequences). 

¶16 Based on the foregoing, we remand this appeal for the administrative judge 

to reevaluate the timeliness of the appellant’s appeal under section 1201.154. On 

remand, the administrative judge should order both parties to submit all evidence 

they possess relevant to the timeliness issue outlined herein. See Hamilton v. 

Merit Systems Protection Board, 75 F.3d 639, 646 (Fed. Cir. 1996) (although the 

 5 The notice letter advised the appellant that if he appealed his removal action to the 

Board, he could not file an administrative grievance on the same matter, and also 

advised him that he could not file both an EEO complaint and a grievance. IAF, Tab 3

at 26. However, it did not state that he could not file both an EEO complaint and a 

Board appeal. Id. 
8

Board may place the burden of proof of timeliness on the appellant, an 

administrative judge should order both parties to provide the evidence they 

possess regarding timeliness before dismissing an appeal as untimely filed). This 

may include: (1) the appellant’s formal complaint in Agency Docket 

No. ARCELA14MAY01918; (2) evidence regarding the current status of that 

complaint, such as a final agency decision and any subsequent appeal to the 

EEOC; and (3) evidence of any other EEO activity the appellant may have

engaged in with respect to his removal. 

ORDER

For the reasons discussed above, we REMAND this case to the Western 

Regional Office for further adjudication in accordance with this Remand Order. 

FOR THE BOARD:

Washington, D.C.

______________________________

William D. Spencer

Clerk of the Board