J-A13005-15 

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37 

IN RE: ESTATE OF JOHN E. BORZIK IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA 

APPEAL OF MARK BATIS 

 No. 1691 WDA 2014 

Appeal from the Order September 15, 2014 

In the Court of Common Pleas of Greene County 

Orphans' Court at No: O.C. No. 62, 2014 

BEFORE: PANELLA, J., SHOGAN, J., OTT, J. 

MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, J. FILED JULY 24, 2015

 Appellant, Mark Batis, seeks review of the Order entered by the Court 

of Common Pleas Ophans’ Court division denying his petition in which he 

sought a declaration that a trailer is a “Recreational Vehicle” (“RV”). We 

affirm. 

 John Borzik (“Decedent”) died on September 11, 2011. His will, 

executed in 2007, includes eight separate paragraphs bequeathing specific 

property to eleven named individuals. Most relevant to this dispute are the 

following clauses. 

Article IV 

I give and bequeath any archery equipment and any RV, 

licensed or unlicensed, that I may own at the time of my death 

to MARK BATIS provided that he survives me. In the event he is 

not living at the time of my death, then bequest shall go to his 

son, BO BATIS. 

 
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Article V 

I give and bequeath all other vehicles, licensed or unlicensed, 

including motorcycles and ATV’s, all of my tools, and all personal 

computers and computer equipment, to my son, JOHN BORZIK. 

In the event that he does not survive me, then this bequest shall 

lapse and become a part of my residuary estate. 

* * * 

Article X 

I give, devise, and bequeath all of the rest, residue and 

remainder of my property, real, personal and mixed, of 

whatsoever kind and nature, at whatever time acquired by me, 

and wheresoever situated, including household furniture and 

contents, and property over which I have testamentary power of 

disposition or appointment, to my three children, JOHN BORZIK, 

JAMIE BORZIK, and KRISTEN BORZIK, equally, share and share 

alike. In the event that any of my children should predecease 

me, then that share shall go to my surviving children, equally, 

share and share alike. 

Last Will and Testament of John Borzik, dated 12/21/07. 

At the time of his death, Decedent owned a 2008 Freightliner RV, 

which he had purchased in January 2008, and a “toy hauler/SP Construction 

Trailer,” purchased in October 2008. Each vehicle had its own certificate of 

title. At some point, he had had the trailer painted to match the RV. There 

was no dispute that Batis inherited the RV pursuant to Decedent’s will. 

However, Batis assumed the trailer was part of the RV. The Estate 

disagreed. 

On June 20, 2014, Batis sought a declaration from the lower court that 

the trailer and the RV together comprised one unit that had been 

bequeathed to him. The orphans’ court held a hearing, at which Batis 
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proffered photographs of the trailer attached to the RV. The court denied 

Batis’s petition, concluding, “the trailer is in no way an integral part of the 

RV. The RV is complete and entire without it.” Orphans’ Court Opinion, dated 

12/2/14, at 4.1 The court concluded, “[t]he trailer, like all the rest of 

[D]ecedent’s similar property not specifically mentioned, falls into residue 

[sic] of his estate.” After the denial of his motion for reconsideration, Batis 

timely appealed to this Court. 

 A legatee may petition for a declaration of rights to determine any 

question arising in the administration of an estate, including questions of the 

construction of a will. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 7535(c). Our standard of review in 

a will contest is limited to determining whether the court’s findings of fact 

are supported by sufficient evidence and whether the court abused its 

discretion or committed an error of law. See In re Estate of Philbin, 808 

A.2d 584, 586 (Pa.Super. 2002). 

While Batis concedes that the RV and the trailer are separate pieces of 

property, he avers that the evidence was insufficient to support the orphans’ 

court’s decision because “[n]o evidence was produced by the Estate that the 

trailer was ever used for a purpose other than in conjunction with the RV.” 

Appellant’s Brief at 9. Batis avers further that the court may consider parol 

____________________________________________ 

1

 Evidence showed that “nothing prevents the RV from towing other trailers 

and nothing prevents the trailer from being towed by other motor vehicles.” 

Orphans’ Court Opinion, dated 12/2/14, at 3. 
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evidence when “the controversy is ... not the intention of the testator but 

rather the object to which the intention applies.” Appellant’s Brief at 8 (citing 

In re Arnold’s Estate, 87 A. 590 (Pa. 1913)). 

A testator’s intent is ascertained from (1) all of the language contained 

in the four corners of his or her will; (2) the scheme of distribution; (3) the 

circumstances surrounding him or her at the time the will was made; and 

(4) the existing facts. See In re Burleigh's Estate, 175 A.2d 838, 839 

(Pa. 1961). “Courts are not permitted to determine what they think the 

testator might or would have desired under the existing circumstances, or 

even what they think the testator meant to say.” In re Estate of 

Harrison, 689 A.2d 939, 943 (Pa. Super. 1997) (citations omitted). Where 

the will is unambiguous, the court may not admit parol evidence but may 

hear argument relating to the testator’s intent. See In re Estate of Dex, 

596 A.2d 1143, 1146 (Pa. Super. 1991). 

Batis relies on In Re Arnold’s Estate, in asserting that it is the 

trailer’s use, not the testator’s intent, that should be considered in 

construing Borzik’s will. Arnold is inapplicable. There, the testatrix left a 

holographic will giving her jewelry and “other personal things” to her two 

sisters. The orphans’ court admitted evidence that showed that the testatrix 

habitually referred to her property which was in the hands of a trust 

company, as her “things,” and concluded that the testatrix intended by those 

words to give to her two sisters all her property which was in the possession 
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of the trust company. Our Supreme Court agreed, noting, “[t]his evidence 

was not to show the intention of [the testatrix], but to fathom the exact 

meaning of the words she employed; that is, it was not offered to prove 

directly what the testatrix meant, but to show the precise meaning of her 

words, so that her intention might be deduced therefrom.” 87 A. at 591. 

Arnold does not support Batis’s bold contention that the use of the 

object, not the testator’s intent, is dispositive in interpreting a will. Rather, 

Arnold supports the well-settled principle that a decedent’s intention is to 

be ascertained from the meaning of the words used in the will. 

Here, Decedent was quite specific in his bequest to Batis, giving him 

“any archery equipment and any RV, licensed or unlicensed[.]” Last Will and 

Testament, Article IV. There is no ambiguity in those words. Moreover, 

there is no other term or clause in the will that could be construed to mean 

that Decedent intended to leave Batis the trailer. As the orphans’ court 

observed: “[T]he will specifically disposed of many items of personal 

property but not all,” and the trailer, like all the rest of [D]ecedent’s similar 

property not specifically mentioned, falls in residue of his estate.” Orphans’ 

Court’s Opinion, dated 12/2/14, at 4. 

Our review of the record indicates that sufficient evidence supports the 

orphans’ court’s determination. We conclude the court properly exercised its 

discretion and committed no errors of law in denying Batis’s petition. 

 Order affirmed. Jurisdiction relinquished. 
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Judgment Entered. 

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. 

Prothonotary 

Date: 7/24/2015