No. 15-0544

IN THE

SUPREME COURT

OF TEXAS

________________________________________________________________

IN THE INTEREST OF M.C. AND T.C., CHILDREN

MAURICE C.

Petitioner

Texas Department of Family and Protective Services

Respondent

________________________________________________________________

On Petition for Review from the

Fourth Court of Appeals, San Antonio, Texas

Cause Number 04-14-00893-CV

________________________________________________________________

Petition for Review

________________________________________________________________

 GERALD URETSKY

 Attorney at Law

 406 Brees Boulevard

 San Antonio, Texas 78209-4828

 Phone: (210) 820-8294

 Fax: (210) 822-8735

 Email: uretsky@msn.com

 Bar No. 20414600

 /s/Gerald Uretsky 

ATTORNEY FOR PETITIONER

FILED

15-0544

7/27/2015 1:03:31 PM

tex-6233643

SUPREME COURT OF TEXAS

BLAKE A. HAWTHORNE, CLERK
2

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF TEXAS

In the Interest of M.C. AND T.C.,

NO. 15-0544

Children

PETITION FOR REVIEW

TO THE HONORABLE SUPREME COURT OF TEXAS:

COMES NOW the Petitioner, MAURICE C., and respectfully moves the 

Court to review the Memorandum Opinion and Judgment of the Fourth Court of 

Appeals in Appeal No. 04-14-00893-CV, signed on June 10, 2015, and in support 

of said Petition would show the Court as follows:
3

Identity of Parties and Counsel

Pursuant to TEX. R. APP. P. ANN. 38.1(a):

Parties:

(1) MAURICE C. is the father of the children the subject of this appeal. 

He is the Appellant and was a Respondent in the trial court. He is now the 

Petitioner, was the Appellant in the court of appeals, and was a Respondent in the 

trial court. He is referred to as “Appellant” herein.

(2) CYNTHIA T. is the mother of the children the subject of this suit. 

She was a Respondent in the trial court and, to the undersigned’s knowledge, did

not appeal.

(3) THE TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY AND PROTECTIVE 

SERVICES, 3635 S.E. Military Dr., San Antonio, Texas 78223, is the Appellee

and was the Petitioner in the trial court.

(4) M.C. and T.C. currently reside in Texas Department of Family and 

Protective Services placement and are the children the subject of this appeal.

Trial Attorneys:

(1) MAURICE C., father, was represented by MARGARET SCOTT, 

P.O. Box 708695, San Antonio, Texas 78278.
4

(2) CYNTHIA T., mother, was represented by MATTHEW FINCH, 115 

E Travis #1500, San Antonio, Texas 78205.

(3) The Texas Department of Family and Protective Services was 

represented by KRISTEN CALVERT, Assistant District Attorney, 100 Dolorosa 

St., 3rd Floor, San Antonio, Texas 78205.

(4) The children were represented by LAURA DURAN, 719 S. St. 

Mary’s Street, Texas 78205.

Appellate Attorneys:

(1) MAURICE C., father, is represented by GERALD URETSKY, 406 

Brees Boulevard, San Antonio, Texas 78209-4828.

(2) The Texas Department of Family and Protective Services is 

represented by the BEXAR COUNTY DISTRICT ATTORNEY’S OFFICE, 

Appellate Section, 101 W. Nueva Street, 4th Floor, San Antonio, Texas 78205.

(3) The children are represented by LAURA DURAN, 719 S. St. Mary’s 

Street, Texas 78205.
5

Table of Contents

Page

Identity of Parties and Counsel . . . . . . 3

Table of Contents . . . . . . . . 4

Table of Authorities . . . . . . . 5

Statement of the Case . . . . . . . 8

Issues Presented . . . . . . . . 8

Statement of Facts . . . . . . . 10

Argument . . . . . . . . . 16

First Issue - Restated . . . . . . 16

Second Issue - Restated . . . . . . 18

Third Issue - Restated . . . . . . 20

Fourth Issue - Restated . . . . . . 23

Conclusion and Prayer . . . . . . . 30

Certificate of Compliance . . . . . . 32

Index to Appendix . . . . . . . 32

Certificate of Service . . . . . . . 32
6

Table of Authorities

Page

Statutes

TEX. FAM. CODE §161.001 . . . . . . . 8

TEX. FAM. CODE §263.101 . . . . . . . 21

TEX. FAM. CODE §263.307 . . . . . . . 23

TEX. R. APP. P. ANN. 38.1 . . . . . . 3

TEX. R. EVID. 801 . . . . . . . . 17

TEX. R. EVID. 802 . . . . . . . . 17

Cases

In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17 (Tex. 2002) . . . . . . 25

In re E.D., 419 S.W.3d 615 (Tex. App. – San Antonio 2013, pet. denied) 25

In re E.Y., No. 13-13-00203-CV, 2013 Tex. App. Lexis 8139 (Tex. . 23

App. – Corpus Christi, July 3, 2013) mem. op.

In re R.R., 209 S.W.3d 112 (Tex. 2006) . . . . . 23

Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367 (Tex. 1976) . . . . 25

In re J.J.O., 131 S.W.3d 618 (Tex. App. – Fort Worth 2004, no pet.) . 20

In the Interest of M.R., No. 07-13-00440-CV, 2014 Tex. App. Lexis . 20

6220 mem. op. (Tex. App. – Amarillo, June 9, 2014)

Liu v. Tex. Dep’t of Family & Protective Servs., 273 S.W.3d 785 (Tex. 21

App. – Houston[1st Dist.] 2008, no pet.)
7

Wiley v. Spratlan, 543 S.W.2d 349 (Tex. 1976) . . . . 23
8

Statement of the Case

This is an accelerated appeal of the trial court’s order terminating

Appellant’s parental rights. The suit was filed by Appellee, Texas Department of 

Family and Protective Services (“the Department”), as a child abuse-neglect case, 

with one subject child. A jury was waived, and the case was tried to the court (RR

1). At the close of evidence and argument, the court terminated Appellant’s

parental rights to his minor child. This appeal followed. The clerk’s record is

designated “CR.” The reporter’s record is designated “RR.”

Issues Presented

First Issue

Whether the evidence is legally or factually insufficient to support the 

court’s finding, pursuant to section 161.001(1)(D) of the Texas Family Code, that 

Appellant knowingly placed or knowingly allowed the children to remain in 

conditions or surroundings which endanger their physical or emotional well-being.
9

Second Issue

Whether the evidence is legally or factually insufficient to support the 

court’s finding, pursuant to section 161.001(1)(N) of the Texas Family Code, that 

Appellant constructively abandoned the children who have been in the permanent 

or temporary managing conservatorship of the Department of Family and 

Protective Services or an authorized agency for not less than six months and: (1) 

the Department or authorized agency has made reasonable efforts to return the 

children to Appellant; (2) Appellant has not regularly visited or maintained 

significant contact with the children; and (3) Appellant has demonstrated an 

inability to provide the children with a safe environment.

Third Issue

Whether the evidence is legally or factually insufficient to support the 

court’s finding, pursuant to section 161.001(1)(O) of the Texas Family Code, that

Appellant failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically 

established the actions necessary for Appellant to obtain the return of the children 

who have been in the permanent or temporary managing conservatorship of the 

Department of Family and Protective Services for not less than nine months as a 

result of the children's removal from Appellant under Chapter 262 for the abuse or 

neglect of the children.
10

Fourth Issue

Whether the evidence is legally or factually insufficient to support the trial 

court’s finding that the termination of Appellant’s parental rights, pursuant to 

section 161.001(2) of the Texas Family Code, is in children’s best interest.

Statement of Facts

I. Procedural Background

This is an accelerated appeal from the trial court’s order terminating

Appellant’s parental rights to his children (CR 143-149).

The Department began this litigation on January 22, 2014, when it filed its 

Original Petition for Protection of a Child, for Conservatorship, and for 

Termination in Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship. The cause number 

was 2014-PA-00142, and the case was docketed into the 288th Judicial District 

Court of Bexar County, Texas (CR 1-13). The petition alleged Appellant to be the 

father of the child (CR 2). The petition sought termination of Appellant’s parental 

rights and those of the mother (CR 1-13).

An emergency order, taking the children into custody does not appear in the 

Clerk’s Record, but temporary orders following an adversary hearing were made, 

which placed the children in the temporary managing conservatorship of the 
11

Department and granted their parents temporary possessory conservatorship (CR 

23-35).

Family Service Plans were created for the parents (CR 75-92). The required 

status hearing (CR 94-99) and permanency hearings were conducted (CR 114-120; 

136-141).

A trial before the court was held before Hon. Charles Montemayor on 

December 11, 2014; that same day a final order terminating the father’s parental 

rights was signed (CR 143-149).

Appellant’s trial counsel timely filed a Notice of Appeal on December 19, 

2014 (CR 150-151).

II. Factual Background

At trial, the parties called only one witness, whose testimony is summarized 

below. Her name appears in italic, underlined font at the left margin for ease of 

reference. Bracketed language has been added by Appellant’s counsel. Appellant 

did not appear, and his trial counsel had not had contact with him since he had 

moved to Houston, causing her to have some concerns about him being able to 

have family services in Houston [there was no testimony that services were set up 

there], so she announced Not Ready and asked for a continuance (RR 4), as did the 

mother’s counsel (RR 5). The children’s ad litem responded that the case was at 
12

the ten-month mark, the children are doing really well in their placement with their

maternal grandmother (RR 5). The court denied Appellant’s Not Ready 

announcement because: the children are ages seven and four; Appellant had

personal notice or actual notice of the trial setting; and, the law requires that these 

cases have to be resolved within a year (RR 5-6).

Jennifer Iruegas, the Department’s current caseworker

She took over this case after it was transferred from another caseworker

(RR 7) [but did not say when]. M.C. is now eight years old, and T.C. is five (RR 

7). They have resided with their maternal grandparents for the entire case, 

approximately ten months, and are doing very well; their attachment to their 

grandmother has continued to grow (RR 8) [but the same was not mentioned 

regarding their grandfather]. This placement will lead to permanency, and the 

grandparents will able to continue to meet the needs of these children in the future 

(RR 8-9) [but said needs were not identified]. Ms. Iruegas has no concerns with 

the grandmother being protective in this case (RR 14) [but the same was not 

mentioned regarding their grandfather]. 

The children were removed from Appellant’s care after the Department 

received a referral in November 2013 alleging neglectful supervision of the 

children; the parents were allegedly using drugs, and at one point, the mother 
13

became intoxicated with alcohol and Xanax and proceeded to attempt to slit her 

own throat with a knife in front of her children, telling them good-bye and she's 

tired of being in the world (RR 9). Appellant’s trial counsel objected to this 

hearsay, but the court overruled her objection, because the caseworker was charged 

with familiarizing herself with the knowledge of the contents of the file and the 

circumstances that led to the Department’s intervention (RR 9). This incident 

occurred while the parents resided together, but Appellant was not present at the 

time of the incident, which was a violation of the safety plan, because he was not 

supposed to leave the mother unsupervised with the children (RR 9-10). Appellant 

was aware of the mother's mental health issues (RR 10). The children are in 

“trauma informed” therapy because of this incident (RR 10).

Family Service Plans were created for the parents, but neither completed 

theirs (RR 10). The parents visited their children two times a month for an hour 

(RR 10-11) as ordered by the court (RR 14-15). In September 2014, the parents 

stopped visiting their children (RR 11). So, in total, they had about 15 out of the 

20 visits ordered in this case (RR 11). 

Appellant moved to Houston in October 2014 (RR 14). That same month, 

Ms. Iruegas reminded him of the court dates, and he informed her that he would be 

present (RR 14). She also asked him if he had intentions of continuing his family 
14

service plan services, at which time he told her he did not (RR 14); he was angry 

and had lost hope and claimed that it didn't matter if he did his services or not (RR 

16-17).

The parents have done nothing to demonstrate that they can provide their 

children with a safe and stable home (RR 12) [but see services/tasks completed]. 

The department made reasonable efforts to work with the parents (RR 12)

[conclusory]. 

It is in the children’s best interest for the parental rights of the parents to be 

terminated (RR 12) [conclusory]. 

The parents were given the opportunity to visit with the children, supervised 

by the grandparents, at the grandparents' home, and did so pretty regularly initially; 

then Appellant stopped visiting his children when he moved to Houston (RR 15).

Ms. Iruegas felt that Appellant has abandoned his duty as a father with his children

because he hasn’t seen them in the last few months (RR 17). 

In regard to completing the tasks on his Family Service Plan, Appellant was 

required to complete a parenting class, a drug assessment with drug treatment, a 

psychological evaluation, maintain housing and maintain employment (RR 18). 

Regarding the employment task, Appellant was employed on and off during this 

case, but Ms. Iruegas did not know if he's currently employed in Houston (RR 17-
15

19). Appellant had housing, did his drug assessment, did the psychological

evaluation and completed parenting classes (RR 19-20). However, he was 

unsuccessfully discharged from individual counseling for noncompliance (missing 

several sessions), and he did not maintain employment, but Ms. Iruegas was 

unaware of whether Appellant is currently employed, and even during his periods 

of unemployment, Appellant continued to look for more work (RR 20). His 

therapist was concerned about his lack of planning and his lack of ability to care 

for and ensure the safety of his children and not leave them alone with their mother 

(RR 21). Nevertheless, there was no reason that the maternal grandparents, with 

whom the children are placed, should not be given conservatorship and Appellant

be given possessory conservatorship of his children [admission] (RR 22). 

Prior to the Department filing its petition to start this case, the Department 

was working with the parents in a family-based setting in which it was it 

highlighted to Appellant that he shouldn't leave their children alone with their 

mother because of her mental health problems, and he violated that requirement 

(RR 27-28). Appellant has done nothing to demonstrate that he will never make a 

decision like that again (RR 28). The department holds Appellant responsible for 

bailing out on his children and leaving to another city instead of staying here to 

finish services (RR 28).
16

Argument

First Issue - Restated

Whether the evidence is legally or factually insufficient to support the 

court’s finding, pursuant to section 161.001(1)(D) of the Texas Family Code, 

that Appellant knowingly placed or knowingly allowed the children to remain 

in conditions or surroundings which endanger their physical or emotional 

well-being.

The sole witness testified that the children were removed from Appellant’s 

care after the Department received a referral in November 2013 alleging neglectful 

supervision of the children; the parents were allegedly using drugs, and at one 

point, the mother became intoxicated with alcohol and Xanax and proceeded to 

attempt to slit her own throat with a knife in front of her children, telling them 

good-bye and she's tired of being in the world (RR 9). Appellant’s trial counsel 

objected to this testimony as hearsay, but the court overruled her objection because 

the caseworker was charged with familiarizing herself with the knowledge of the 

contents of the file and the circumstances that led to the Department’s intervention

(RR 9). 

"Hearsay" is a statement, other than one made by the declarant while 

testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter
17

asserted. TEX. R. EVID. 801(d). Hearsay is not admissible except as provided by 

statute or the Texas Rules of Evidence or by other rules prescribed pursuant to 

statutory authority. TEX. R. EVID. 802. Ms. Iruegas, the sole witness, did not 

testify that she observed this alleged incident, nor did she testify as to when she 

became involved in this case; as noted above, she simply said “the Department 

received a referral,” (RR 9). This clarifies that the court was aware that the witness 

was repeating a statement made by someone else, made out of court. The identity 

of the witness to this alleged statement/incident is not disclosed in the reporter’s 

record. In addition, the statement was made to prove the truth of the matter

asserted, which formed the sole basis of the court’s finding that Appellant 

knowingly placed or knowingly allowed the children to remain in conditions or 

surroundings (i.e., the mother’s alleged suicide threat in front of her children)

which endangered their physical or emotional well-being.

Ms. Iruegas testified that the incident occurred while the parents resided 

together, but Appellant was not present at the time of the incident, which was a 

violation of the safety plan, because he was not supposed to leave the mother

unsupervised with the children (RR 9-10); and, Appellant was aware of the 

mother's mental health issues (RR 10).
18

The court’s reason for overruling the hearsay objection was invalid. There is 

no exception to the hearsay rule that provides that a statement is not hearsay, and is 

thus admissible, if the agency employee testifying has a duty to familiarize herself 

with the agency’s file and the circumstances that led to the Department’s 

intervention. Therefore, the court erred in overruling the hearsay objection. This 

error was harmful because this was the only evidence regarding this ground of 

termination of Appellant’s parental rights. 

Finally, assuming for the sake of argument that the statement is not hearsay, 

it seems that it would have been more accurate for the court to make a finding 

under section 161.001(1)(E) of the Texas Family Code (endangering conduct), 

than under section 161.001(1)(D) (endangering conditions), because it would have 

been the mother’s conduct, not the conditions in which the children were found, 

that would have formed the factual basis for the Department’s removal of them 

from the parents.

Second Issue - Restated

Whether the evidence is legally or factually insufficient to support the 

court’s finding, pursuant to section 161.001(1)(N) of the Texas Family Code, that 

Appellant constructively abandoned the children who have been in the permanent 

or temporary managing conservatorship of the Department of Family and 
19

Protective Services or an authorized agency for not less than six months and: (1) 

the Department or authorized agency has made reasonable efforts to return the 

children to Appellant; (2) Appellant has not regularly visited or maintained 

significant contact with the children; and (3) Appellant has demonstrated an 

inability to provide the children with a safe environment.

The second element of proof, above (2), required to establish the 

“constructive abandonment” ground for terminating parental rights is that the 

parent has not regularly visited or maintained significant contact with the children. 

The Department failed to prove that Appellant had done so. To the contrary, Ms. 

Iruegas testified that: [1] the parents visited their children two times a month for an 

hour (RR 10-11) as ordered by the court (RR 14-15); [2] the parents visited the 

children, supervised by the grandparents, at the grandparents' home, and did so 

pretty regularly initially; [3] in September 2014, the parents stopped visiting their 

children (RR 11); [4] so, in total, they had about 15 out of the 20 visits ordered in 

this case (RR 11). This means that Appellant participated in seventy-five percent 

of the visits with his children that the court allowed. Appellant submits that this is 

regular visitation and significant contact with his children by the Department’s 

own admission. Such testimony is insufficient to establish that Appellant did not 

regularly visit his children or maintain significant contact with them. Cf. In re 
20

J.J.O., 131 S.W.3d 618, 629 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2004, no pet.) (mother 

participated in only twelve visits with child during a nine-month period); In the 

Interest of M.R., No. 07-13-00440-CV, 2014 Tex. App. Lexis 6220 mem. op. (Tex. 

App.––Amarillo, June 9, 2014) (mother saw children five times in 33 months); In 

re E.Y., No. 13-13-00203-CV, 2013 Tex. App. Lexis 8139 (Tex. App.––Corpus 

Christi, July 3, 2013) mem. op. (father did not visit or maintain contact with the 

child for over eleven months).

Third Issue - Restated

Whether the evidence is legally or factually insufficient to support the 

court’s finding, pursuant to section 161.001(1)(O) of the Texas Family Code, that 

Appellant failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically 

established the actions necessary for Appellant to obtain the return of the children 

who have been in the permanent or temporary managing conservatorship of the 

Department of Family and Protective Services for not less than nine months as a 

result of the children's removal from Appellant under Chapter 262 for the abuse or 

neglect of the children.

In child abuse and neglect cases, the Department prepares a Family Service 

Plan enumerating the services that a parent must complete toward meeting the 

Department’s goals for the parent prior to reunification of the children with the 
21

parent. TEX. FAM. CODE §263.101. A Family Service Plan is designed to 

reunify a parent with a child who has been removed from the parent by the 

Department. Liu v. Tex. Dep’t of Family & Protective Servs., 273 S.W.3d 785, 795 

(Tex. App.–Houston[1st Dist.] 2008, no pet.). The Family Service Plan is usually 

incorporated into the Status Hearing Order and Pretrial Scheduling Order, TEX. 

FAM. CODE §263.106, to become the order referenced in section 161.001(1)(O) 

of the Texas Family Code, for which, noncompliance therewith may become a 

ground for termination of parental rights; said incorporation was done in this case 

(CR 96-97).

Ms. Iruegas testified that Family Service Plans were created for the parents, 

but neither completed theirs (RR 10). But she did not testify that she made all the 

referrals and authorizations necessary for Appellant to participate in said services; 

nor did she give any examples or instances of the her efforts to reunify Appellant’s 

children with him. She stated Appellant moved to Houston in October 2014 (RR 

14) and that same month, she also asked him if he had intentions of continuing his 

family service plan services, at which time he told her he did not (RR 14); he was 

angry and had lost hope and claimed that it didn't matter if he did his family 

services or not (RR 16-17). But, there was no testimony that family services were 

even made available to Appellant in Houston. Nor was there any testimony that a 
22

caseworker in the Houston area had been assigned to work with Appellant. Ms. 

Iruegas only offered the conclusory testimony that the Department made 

reasonable efforts to work with the parents (RR 12). 

Ms. Iruegas testified that the parents had done nothing to demonstrate that 

they can provide their children with a safe and stable home (RR 12). However, 

this testimony ignores her other testimony regarding the family services/tasks that 

Appellant completed, described below, which can be viewed as efforts to provide 

their children with a safe and stable home.

Regarding the employment task, Ms. Iruegas stated Appellant was employed 

on and off during this case, but Ms. Iruegas did not know if he's currently 

employed in Houston (RR 17-19), and even during his periods of unemployment, 

Appellant continued to look for more work (RR 20). She acknowledged that

Appellant had housing, did his drug assessment, did the psychological evaluation 

and completed parenting classes (RR 19-20). She stated, however, that he was 

unsuccessfully discharged from individual counseling for noncompliance (missing 

several sessions) (RR 20). She said Appellant’s therapist was concerned about his 

lack of planning and his lack of ability to care for and ensure the safety of his 

children and not leave them alone with their mother (RR 21).
23

Fourth Issue - Restated

Whether the evidence is legally or factually insufficient to support the trial 

court’s finding that the termination of Appellant’s parental rights, pursuant to 

section 161.001(2) of the Texas Family Code, is in the children’s best interest.

This issue concerns the second prong of the termination test: the child’s best 

interest, pursuant to Section 161.001(2) of the Family Code. Proof of the first

prong of the termination test, under Section 161.001(1) (“grounds”), without more, 

will not support a termination; unless there is a finding of best interest, there can be 

no termination. Wiley v. Spratlan, 543 S.W.2d at 351.

There is a strong presumption that keeping a child with a parent is in the 

child’s best interest. In re R.R., 209 S.W.3d 112, 116 (Tex. 2006). However, when 

the court considers factors related to the best interest of the child, “the prompt and 

permanent placement of the child in a safe environment is presumed to be in the 

child’s best interest.” TEX. FAM. CODE §263.307(a). In determining whether a 

child’s parent is willing and able to provide the child with a safe environment, the 

court should consider: (1) the child’s age and physical and mental vulnerabilities; 

(2) the frequency and nature of out-of-home placements; (3) the magnitude, 

frequency, and circumstances of the harm to the child; (4) whether the child has 

been the victim of repeated harm after the initial report and intervention by the 
24

Department or other agency; (5) whether the child is fearful of living in or 

returning to the child’s home; (6) the results of psychiatric, psychological, or 

developmental evaluations of the child, the child’s parents, other family members, 

or others who have access to the child’s home; (7) whether there is a history of 

abusive or assaultive conduct by the child’s family or others who have access to 

the child’s home; (8) whether there is a history of substance abuse by the child’s 

family or others who have access to the child’s home; (9) whether the perpetrator 

of the harm to the child is identified; (10) the willingness and ability of the child’s 

family to seek out, accept, and complete counseling services and to cooperate with 

and facilitate an appropriate agency’s close supervision; (11) the willingness and 

ability of the child’s family to effect positive environmental and personal changes 

within a reasonable period of time; (12) whether the child’s family demonstrates 

adequate parenting skills; and (13) whether an adequate social support system 

consisting of an extended family and friends is available to the child. Id. 

§263.307(b). 

In addition, “[a]n extended number of factors have been considered by the 

courts in ascertaining the best interest of the child. Included among these are the 

following: (A) the desires of the child; (B) the emotional and physical needs of the 

child now and in the future; (C) the emotional and physical danger to the child now 
25

and in the future; (D) the parental abilities of the individuals seeking custody; (E) 

the programs available to assist these individuals to promote the best interest of the 

child; (F) the plans for the child by these individuals or by the agency seeking 

custody; (G) the stability of the home or the proposed placement; (H) the acts or 

omissions of the parents which may indicate that the existing parent-child 

relationship is not a proper one; and (I) any excuse for the acts or omissions of the 

parent [citations omitted]. This list is by no means exhaustive, but does indicate a 

number of considerations which either have been or would appear to be pertinent.” 

Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371-72 (Tex. 1976). 

Also, evidence that proves one or more statutory grounds for termination 

may constitute evidence illustrating that termination is in the child’s best interest. 

In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 28 (Tex. 2002) (holding same evidence may be 

probative of both section 161.001(1) grounds and best interest, but such evidence 

does not relieve the State of its burden to prove best interest). A best-interest 

analysis may consider circumstantial evidence, subjective factors, and the totality 

of the evidence as well as the direct evidence. In re E.D., 419 S.W.3d 615, 620 

(Tex. App.—San Antonio 2013, pet. denied). A trier of fact may measure a 

parent’s future conduct by her past conduct and determine whether termination of 

parental rights is in the child’s best interest. Id.
26

Reviewing the evidence in light of the foregoing factors reveals its 

insufficiency. Ms. Iruegas offered only the conclusory statement that it was in the 

children’s best interest for the parental rights of the parents to be terminated (RR 

12). However, she also acknowledged that there was no reason that the maternal 

grandparents, with whom the children are placed, should not be given managing 

conservatorship and Appellant be given possessory conservatorship of his children 

(RR 22). This seems contrary to the Department’s position that it is in the 

children’s best interest that Appellant’s parental rights be terminated.

Section 263.307(b) Factors

Other than the ages of the two children, the only evidence that was adduced 

regarding any physical or mental vulnerabilities of either of the children was their 

participation in “trauma informed” therapy because of their mother’s alleged 

suicide attempt in front them (RR 10). This was also the only evidence of the 

magnitude, frequency, and circumstances of the harm, if any, to the two children. 

And, as argued above, this hearsay testimony was wrongfully and harmfully 

admitted over trial counsel’s objection. The reporter’s record contains no evidence 

of the frequency and nature of out-of-home placements, if any, which may have 

occurred before they were removed from their parents’ possession in November 

2013. There is no evidence in the reporter’s record that either of the children have 
27

been the victim of repeated harm after the initial report and intervention by the 

Department, or whether either of them have expressed any fear of living in or 

returning to their home. Ms. Iruegas stated that Appellant was unsuccessfully 

discharged from individual counseling for noncompliance (missing several 

sessions)(RR 20); however, there is no other evidence regarding whether the 

children, the maternal grandparents, other family members, or others who have 

access to the children’s home have undergone psychiatric, psychological, or 

developmental evaluations. There is no evidence of a history of abusive or 

assaultive conduct by the children’s family or others who have access to the 

children’s home. There is no evidence of any willingness and ability of the 

children’s family to seek out, accept, and complete counseling services, to 

cooperate with and facilitate the Department’s close supervision, the willingness 

and ability of the children’s family to effect positive environmental and personal 

changes within a reasonable period of time, whether the grandparents demonstrate

adequate parenting skills, and whether an adequate social support system 

consisting of an extended family and friends is available to the children. Ms. 

Iruegas testified only that the children have resided with their maternal 

grandparents for the entire case, approximately ten months, and are doing very

well; their attachment to their grandmother has continued to grow (RR 8) [but the 
28

same was not mentioned regarding their grandfather]. She believed this placement 

will lead to permanency, and the grandparents will able to continue to meet the 

needs of these children in the future (RR 8-9) [but said needs were not identified]. 

Ms. Iruegas has no concerns with the grandmother being protective in this case 

(RR 14) [but the same was not mentioned regarding their grandfather]. 

Holley Factors

(A) the desires of the child

There was no evidence of the desire of either child.

(B) the emotional and physical needs of the child now and in the future

There was no evidence of this factor other than Ms. Iruegas testimony that 

[1] the children were participating in “trauma informed” therapy because of their 

mother’s alleged suicide attempt in front them (RR 10) and [2] the maternal 

grandparents will able to continue to meet the needs of these children in the future 

(RR 8-9) [but said needs were not identified].

(C) the emotional and physical danger to the child now and in the future

The caseworker testified that the children have resided with their maternal 

grandparents for the entire case, approximately ten months, and are doing very 

well; their attachment to their grandmother has continued to grow (RR 8), but the 

same was not mentioned regarding their grandfather.
29

(D) the parental abilities of the individuals seeking custody

There was no testimony regarding this factor other than has already been 

argued above. 

(E) the programs available to assist these individuals to promote the best interest 

of the child

There was no testimony regarding this factor. 

(F) the plans for the child by these individuals or by the agency seeking custody; 

There was almost no testimony regarding this factor. The caseworker 

testified that the current placement of the children with their maternal grandparents 

will lead to permanency (RR 8-9), and the grandparents will able to continue to 

meet the needs of these children in the future (RR 8-9), but said needs were not 

identified. 

(G) the stability of the home or the proposed placement

There was almost no testimony regarding this factor. The caseworker 

testified that she has no concerns with the grandmother being protective in this 

case (RR 14), but the same was not mentioned regarding their grandfather.

(H) the acts or omissions of the parents which may indicate that the existing 

parent-child relationship is not a proper one

Ms. Iruegas testified that prior to the Department filing its petition to start 

this case, the Department was working with the parents in a family-based setting in 
30

which it was it highlighted to Appellant that he shouldn't leave their children alone 

with their mother because of her mental health problems, and he violated that 

requirement (RR 27-28) when Appellant was not present at the time of the

mother’s alleged suicide threat, which was a violation of the safety plan, because

he was not supposed to leave the mother unsupervised with the children (RR 9-10).

She said Appellant was aware of the mother's mental health issues (RR 10).

(I) any excuse for the acts or omissions of the parent

There was no testimony regarding this factor. 

Conclusion and Prayer

In light of the lack of the evidence concerning the grounds for termination 

and that it is in the children’s best interest that Appellant’s parental rights be 

terminated, Appellant submits that a factfinder could not “reasonably have formed 

a firm belief or conviction” that Appellant’s parental rights should be terminated. 

Therefore, this case should be reversed and/or rendered in Appellant’s favor or 

remanded for a new trial.

There was no testimony regarding how long the sole witness had been a 

caseworker or how long she had been working on this case. Therefore, the weight 

to be given her testimony is difficult to determine. She did testify that in October 

2014, she reminded Appellant of his court dates, and he informed her that he 
31

would be present (RR 14). The record is silent as to reason for Appellant’s 

absence. Given that this case was only at the ten-month mark (RR 5), a short 

continuance to obtain Appellant’s presence at trial does not seem unreasonable.

WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, Appellant prays this Court 

allow briefing and consider reversing the Court of Appeals judgment affirming the 

trial court’s termination of his parental rights and enter a judgment [1] denying the 

Department’s petition, [2] denying the Department’s petition and appointing 

Appellant as possessory conservator of his children, or [3] denying the 

Department’s petition and remanding the case for a new trial.

Respectfully submitted,

/s/ Gerald Uretsky

GERALD URETSKY

406 Brees Boulevard

San Antonio, Texas 78209-4828

Phone: (210) 820-8294

Fax: (210) 822-8735

Email: uretsky@msn.com

Bar No. 20414600

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

(On Appeal Only)
32

Certificate of Compliance

I HEREBY CERTIFY, pursuant to Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure 9.4, 

(i) and (j), that, according to the Microsoft Word software used to compose this 

document, the number of words in designated portion of this document is 4,496.

/s/ Gerald Uretsky

GERALD URETSKY

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

Index to Appendix

Order of Termination . . . . . . . TAB 1

Memorandum Opinion . . . . . . . TAB 2

Judgment . . . . . . . . . TAB 3

Order Appointing Attorney Ad Litem for Father . . . TAB 4

Order to Withdraw and Substitute Attorney Ad Litem

Order of Indigence

Certificate of Service

I HEREBY CERTIFY that a true and correct copy of the above and 

foregoing Petition for Review has been sent, via e-service to the BEXAR 

COUNTY DISTRICT ATTORNEY, lscott@bexar.org, Appellate Section, 300 

Dolorosa St., 4th Floor, San Antonio, Texas 78205 on July 24, 2015.

/s/ Gerald Uretsky

GERALD URETSKY

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
TAB 1
El 

a 

2: 

I 

ci 

a 

4 

(3 

4 

B 

DOCUMENT SCANNED AS FILED 

Eu :rtjl lii 

2014Pfl00142 .-D288 _____ -/ 

NOTICE: THIS DOCUMENT 

CONTAINS SENSITIVE DATA 

C913.06 CAUSE NO. 2014.PA-00142 

IN THE INTEREST OF § IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF 

§ 

M C , ET AL § BEXAR COUNTY, TEXAS 

§ 

CHILDREN § 288TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT 

ORDER OF TERMINATION 

On the Court heard this case. 

Appearances 

1.1. The Department of Family and Protective Services ("the Department") appeared 

through .Th'e/z(r .Thitç.s , caseworker, and by attorney, KRISTEN 

CALVERT and announced ready. 

1.2. Respondent Mother CYNTHIA THOMASON app 

adyin 

 person and by

attorney of record MATTHEW FINCH and announcea re ) (5%lt,f14Ag( '2 t 

1.3. Respondent Presumed Father MAURICE COLLINS appeared in person and by 

attorney of record MARGARET A. SCOTT and announced ready. 

1.4. LAURA C. OLIVEIRA DURAN, appointed by the Court as Attorney and 

Guardian Ad Litem for the children the subject of this suit, appeared and 

announced ready. 

Jurisdiction and Service of Process 

2.1. The Court, having examined the record and heard the evidence and argument of 

counsel, finds the following: 

2.1.1. a request for identification of a court of continuing, exclusive jurisdiction 

has been made as required by Section 155.101, Texas Family Code. 

2.1.2. this Court has jurisdiction of this case and of all the parties and that no 

other court has continuing, exclusive jurisdiction of this case. 

2.2. The Court, having examined the record and heard the evidence and argument of 

counsel, finds that the State of Texas has jurisdiction to render final orders 

regarding the children the subject of this suit pursuant to Subchapter C, Chapter 

152, Texas Family Code, by virtue of the fact that Texas is the home state of the 

children. 

Orderotlermination 2014-PA00142/288TH 

Page 1 ASAP2O13 

/ 

143
DOCUMENT SCANNED AS FILED 

2.3. The Court finds that all persons entitled to citation were properly cited. 

Jury 

A jury was waived, and all questions of fact and of law were submitted to the Court. 

Record 

The record of testimony was duly reported by DAVID ZARATE the court reporter for 

the Associates Judges Court, Room 3.06 of Bexar County. 

The Children 

The Court finds that the following children are the subject of this suit: 

5.1. Name: M C 

Sex: 

Birth Date: 

5.2. Name: T C 

Sex: 

Birth Date: 

Termination of Responde nt Mother CYNTHIA THOMASON'S Parental Rights 

6.1. The Court finds by clear and convincing evidence that termination of the parentchild relationship between CYNTHIA THOM.ASON and the children the subject 

of this suit is in the childmn's best interest. 

6.2. Further, the Court finds by clear and convincing evidence that CYNTHIA 

THOMASON has: 

6.2.1. knowingly placed or knowingly allowed the children to remain in 

conditions or surroundings which endanger the physical or emotional 

well-being of the children, pursuant to § 161.001(1)(D), Texas Family 

Code; 

conduct or knowingl 

thephysi cal ore well-being 

of the children, pursuan -exas Family Code; 

6.2.3. failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically 

established the actions necessary for the mother to obtain the return of the 

children who have been in the permanent or temporary managing 

conservatorship of the Department of Family and Protective Services for 

not less than nine months as a result of the children's removal from the 

parent under Chapter 262 for the abuse or neglect of the children, pursuant 

to § 161.001(1)(0), Texas Family Code; 

7 Order of Termination 2014•PA001421 288TH 

Page 2 ASAP 2013 

0 

3 

p 

C 

144
DOCUMENT SCANNED AS FILED 

6. 2-4'-.—Zbe Court finds that CNTH1A THOMASON has £Thenta1.or emotional 

• . illnes unable to?HeJor 

the physical, em6nonaL and mental ne f the children 6.z.y &nJst1 pursuant 

§ 16 1.003, Texas Family Code. 

hi 940A pttAht 

'"4 i'2trThecourt finds by clear an Oro nvincing evidence th~Thc4llness

will continue to riaeiç. (Pf0#4 j WP$ ..'/ or deficy1n-at.reasonab 

ttk4 the mother unable toidethe children suntil the 1gth 

Ck4dVc 04çgbirthday of the children. 

6.f4'2he_Court finds that the Department has bee'iflhe...emporary or 

ft 

permaiiinanagiijg conservaiThf-the children for thuinionths 

preceding the date oflhietermination ha?ihg..pjirsuantto §16l.ö3, 

A $44C tttV 

ws6At(" i Texas Family Code. I 

6.2.5. The Court finds that the Department has made reasonable efforts to return 

the children to the mother. 

6.3. IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the parent-child relationship between 

CYNTHIA THOMASON and the children the subject of this suit is terminated. 

7. Termination of Respondent Father MAURICE COLLINS'S Parental Rights 

7.1. The Court finds by clear and convincing evidence that termination of the parentchild relationship between MAURICE COLLINS and the child M 

C AND T C is in the child's best interest. 

7.2. Further, the Court finds by clear and convincing evidence that MAURICE 

COLLINS has: 

'3 7.2.1. knowingly placed or knowingly allowed the children to remain in 

conditions or surroundings which endanger the physical or emotional 

t well-being of the children, pursuant to § 161.001(1)(D), Texas Family 

z Code; 

of the children, pursuant to § 161.001 rPexas Family Code; 

V 

7.2.2.1.failed to comply with the provisions of a court order Jhat 

L specifically established the actions necessary for the MWM to 

o obtain the return of the children who have been in the permanent or 

3 temporary managing conservatorship of the Department of Family 

and Protective Services for not less than nine months as a result of 

C the children's removal from the parent under Chapter 262 for the 

p abuse or neglect of the children, pursuant to § 161.001(l)(0), 

6 Texas Family Code; 

I 

S 

8 Orderotlemilnatioc, 2014PA00142/2681H 

Page 3 ASAP 2013 

145
as 

7. 

OCJ4TQ EQ2\. RILED tdt-.J ,:-i 

7.2.3. The Court finds that the Department has made reasonable efforts to return 

the children to the father. 

7.3. IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the parent-child relationship between 

MAURICE COLLINS and the child M C AND T 

C is terminated. 

Interstate Compact 

The Court finds that Petitioner has filed a verified allegation or statement regarding 

compliance with the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children as required by 

§ 162.002(b)(1) of the Texas Family Code. 

Managing Conservatorship: M C 

9.1. The Court finds that the appointment of the Respondents as permanent managing 

conservator of the children is not in the children's best interest because the 

appointment would significantly impair children's physical health or emotional 

development. 

9.2. IT IS ORDERED that the DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY AND 

PROTECTIVE SERVICES is appointed Permanent Managing Conservator of 

M C a child the subject of this suit, with the rights and duties 

specified in § 153.371, Texas Family Code; the Court finding this appointment to 

be in the best interest of the child. 

9.2.1. In addition to these rights and duties, IT IS ORDERED that the 

Department is authorized to consent to the medical care for M 

C under § 266.004, Texas Family Code.. 

Managing Conservatorship: T C 

2: 

'4 

13! 

10.1. The Court finds that the appointment of the Respondents as permanent managing 

conservator of the children is not in the children's best interest because the 

appointment would significantly impair children's physical health or emotional 

development. 

10.2. IT IS ORDERED that the DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY AND 

PROTECTIVE SERVICES is appointed Permanent Managing Conservator of 

T C , a child the subject of this suit, with the rights and duties 

specified in § 153.371, Texas Family Code; the Court finding this appointment to 

be in the best interest of the child. 

p 

13 

.1 

B 

4 

9 Order of Terminalion 

Page 4 

10.2.1. In addition to these rights and duties, IT IS ORDERED that the 

Department is authorized to consent to the medical care for TY 

C under § 266.004, Texas Family Code. 

2014-PA-00142 / 288TH 

ASAP 2013 

146
DOCUMENT SCANNED AS FILED 

11. Required Information Regarding the Parties and Children 

11.1. The children's information is provided above; the information required of each 

party not exempted from such disclosure is: 

11.1.1. Name: CYNTHIA THOMASON 

Driver's License: XXX-XX-5928 

11.1.2. Name: MAURICECOLLINS 

Driver's License: XXX-XX-401 1 

11.2. IT IS ORDERED that each parent, who has not previously done so, provide 

information regarding the medical history of the parent and parent's ancestors on 

the medical history report form, pursuant to § 161.2021, Texas Family Code. 

12. Continuation of Court-Ordered Ad Litem or Advocate 

12.1. The Court finds that the children the subject of this suit will continue in care and 

this Court will continue to review the placement, progress and welfare of the 

children. 

12.2. IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that LAURA C. OLIVEIRA DURAN, 

earlier appointed as Attorney and Guardian Ad Litem to represent the best 

interests of the children, is continued in this relationship until further order of this 

Court or final disposition of this suit. 

13. Court Ordered Ad Litem for Parent 

.13.1. IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that MATTHEW FINCH earlier appointed to 

1 represent CYNTHIA THOMASON is relieved of all duties based on a finding of 

2 good cause. 

/ 

13.2. IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that MARGARET A. SCOTT earlier 9 appointed to represent MAURICE COLLINS is relieved of all duties based on a 

2 finding of good cause. 

14. Dismissal of Other Court-Ordered Relationships 

Except as otherwise provided in this order, any other existing court-ordered relationships 

p with the children the subject of this suit are hereby terminated and any parties claiming a 

L court-ordered relationship with the children are dismissed from this suit. 

15. Inheritance Rights 

9 

2 This Order shall not affect the right of any child to inherit from and through any party 

p 

G 

1 

6 

S 

o Order of Terrninaton 

PageS 

2014-PA00142/288TH 

ASAP 2013 

147
4 

2 

3. 

44 

0 

3 

9 

2 

p 

6 

DOCUMENT SCANNED AS FILED 

Denial of Other Relief 

IT IS ORDERED that all relief requested in this case and not expressly granted is 

denied. 

WARNING: APPEAL OF FINAL ORDER, PURSUANT TO § 263.405, TFC 

A PARTY AFFECTED BY THIS ORDER HAS THE RIGHT TO APPEAL. AN 

APPEAL IN A SUIT IN WHICH TERMINATION OF THE PARENT-CHILD 

RELATIONSHIP IS SOUGHT IS GOVERNED BY THE PROCEDURES FOR 

ACCELERATED APPEALS IN CIVIL CASES UNDER THE TEXAS RULES OF 

APPELLATE PROCEDURE. FAILURE TO FOLLOW THE TEXAS RULES OF 

APPELLATE PROCEDURE FOR ACCELERATED APPEALS MAY RESULT IN 

THE DISMISSAL OF THE APPEAL. 

NOTICE TO ANY PEACE OFFICER OF THE STATE OF TEXAS: 

YOU MAY USE REASONABLE EFFORTS TO ENFORCE THE TERMS OF 

CHILD CUSTODY SPECIFIED IN THIS ORDER. A PEACE OFFICER WHO 

RELIES ON THE TERMS OF A COURT ORDER AND THE OFFICER'S 

AGENCY ARE ENTITLED TO THE APPLICABLE IMMUNITY AGAINST ANY 

CLAIM, CIVIL OR OTHERWISE, REGARDING THE OFFICER'S GOOD 

FAITH ACTS PERFORMED IN THE SCOPE OF THE OFFICER'S DUTIES IN 

ENFORCING THE TERMS OF THE ORDER THAT RELATE TO CHILD 

CUSTODY. ANY PERSON WHO KNOWINGLY PRESENTS FOR 

ENFORCEMENT AN ORDER THAT IS INVALID OR NO LONGER IN EFFECT 

COMMITS AN OFFENSE THAT MAY BE PUNISHABLE BY CONFINEMENT 

IN JAIL FOR AS LONG AS TWO YEARS AND A FINE OF AS MUCH AS 

$10,000. 

The Court finds that all parties have waived any objections to the hearing by an 

Associate Judge and do hereby waive their right to de novo review pursuant to 

Section 201.015 of the Texas Family Code. 

DEC 1. 1. 20W 

SIGNED this _____ day of , 2014. 

CHARLES MONTEMAYOR 

55(CIATE JUDGE 

6 

S 

ii Order of Termination 

Page 6 

201 4-PA00142 /288TH 

ASAP 2013 

148
1. 

2 

:1. 

DOCUMENT SCANNED AS FILED 

APPROV D AS TO FORM: 

KRIStEN CAtVERT 

Attorney for Petitioner, Department of Family and Protective Services 

Bexar County Courthouse 3rd Floor 

100 Dolorosa, 3rd Floor 

San Antonio, TX 78205 

email: kcalvert@bexar.org 

phone: (210) 224-1430 

fax: (512) 934-9626 

State Bar #00787188 

Attorney and Guardian Ad Litem for the Children 

State Bar # 

CYNTHIA THOMASON 

Mother of the Children 

the Mother CYNTHIA THOMASON 

State Bar # 

MAURICE COLLINS 

Presumed Father of the Child M C and T C 

461M 

MargaretLj. Scott 6/ 

Attorney for the Presumed Father MAURICE COLLINS 

State Bar # 

Order of Termination 2014-PA00142/286TH 

Page7 ASAP2O13 

41 

V 

b 

149
TAB 2
Fourth Court of Appeals

San Antonio, Texas

MEMORANDUM OPINION

No. 04-14-00893-CV

IN THE INTEREST OF M.C. and T.C.

From the 288th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas

Trial Court No. 2014-PA-00142

Honorable Charles E. Montemayor, Associate Judge Presiding

Opinion by: Karen Angelini, Justice

Sitting: Karen Angelini, Justice

Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice

Patricia O. Alvarez, Justice

Delivered and Filed: June 10, 2015

AFFIRMED

Appellant Maurice C. appeals the trial court’s termination of his parental rights to his 

children, eight-year-old M.C. and five-year-old T.C.1 After a bench trial, the trial court found by 

clear and convincing evidence that Maurice C. had (1) knowingly placed or knowingly allowed 

his children to remain in conditions or surroundings that endangered their physical or emotional 

well-being (section 161.001(1)(D) grounds); (2) failed to comply with the provisions of a court 

order that specifically established the actions necessary for Maurice C. to obtain the return of his 

children who had been in the permanent or temporary managing conservatorship of the Department 

of Family and Protective Services for not less than nine months as a result of the children’s removal 

 1 To protect the privacy of the parties in this case, we identify the children by their initials and the parents by their first

names only. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 109.002(d) (West 2014).
04-14-00893-CV

- 2 -

from the parent under Chapter 262 for the abuse or neglect of the children (section 161.001(1)(O) 

grounds); and (3) constructively abandoned his children who had been in the permanent or 

temporary managing conservatorship of the Department for not less than six months and the 

Department made reasonable efforts to return the children to Maurice C. (section 161.001(N) 

grounds). The trial court also found by clear and convincing evidence that termination of Maurice 

C.’s parental rights was in the children’s best interest. On appeal, Maurice C. argues the evidence 

is legally and factually insufficient to support the above findings by the trial court. He also argues 

that the trial court erroneously admitted, over his objection, hearsay testimony.

THE TRIAL

Maurice C. did not appear at trial. His court-appointed attorney stated at the beginning of 

trial that he had not had contact with Maurice C. since he had moved to Houston. His attorney 

announced “not ready” and requested a continuance. The Department responded that the case had 

been pending for ten months and asked the court to proceed to trial. The trial court denied the 

motion for continuance and trial proceeded.

The Department called as its only witness Jennifer Iruegas, the Department case worker 

assigned to the case. Iruegas testified that the children were currently residing with their maternal 

grandparents and had been doing so since the case began. According to Iruegas, the children were 

doing well with their grandparents and had developed an attachment to them. She testified it would 

be harmful for the children to be removed from their current placement and that the plan is for this 

current placement to lead to permanency. When asked about the events leading to the children’s 

removal from their parents, Iruegas began her answer when Maurice C.’s attorney objected:

Iruegas: Yes, ma’am. We received a referral – the Department received a referral 

in November of 2013 alleging neglectful supervision of the children. 

The parents were allegedly using drugs and at one point –
04-14-00893-CV

- 3 -

Maurice C.’s attorney: Judge, I’m going to object as to hearsay unless this 

caseworker was present and is aware personally of the use of drugs. 

That’s, again, hearsay and I just objected.2

Court: Overruled. She’s charged with familiarizing herself with the knowledge 

of the contents of the file and the circumstances that led to CPS 

intervention. Go.

Iruegas: And at one point the mother did become intoxicated with alcohol and 

Xanax and began to – well, proceeded to slit – attempt to slit her own 

throat with a knife in front of her children telling them good-bye and 

she’s tired of being in the world.

Iruegas then testified that when this incident occurred, (1) the mother and Maurice C. had 

been living together; (2) a safety plan was already in place; (3) Maurice C. was not present, and 

under the safety plan, he was not supposed to leave the mother unsupervised with the children; and 

(4) Maurice C. was aware of the mother’s mental issues. Iruegas testified that a service plan was 

created for both parents, and neither had completed their respective service plan. According to 

Iruegas, both children are “in trauma-informed therapy because of the incident that occurred with 

their mother inflicting harm to herself in front of them.” Iruegas testified that the incident with 

their mother had left the children with emotional scars. Iruegas then testified that terminating the 

parental rights of both parents was in the children’s best interest.

Iruegas also testified that the parents visited their children about fifteen times during the 

ten months the case had been pending and had stopped their visits in September 2014, three months 

before trial. Iruegas testified that the parents had done “nothing” to demonstrate that they can 

provide the children with a safe and stable home. According to Iruegas, Maurice C. had been living 

in Houston since October 2014. Iruegas testified that she had spoken with Maurice C. in October 

2014 and reminded him of the trial date. She told him that he needed to continue his services in 

 2 This is the only objection made by Maurice C.’s attorney during Iruegas’s testimony. Maurice C.’s attorney did not 

request a running objection.
04-14-00893-CV

- 4 -

order to be able to work toward reunification with his children. She asked him if he intended to 

continue his services. According to Iruegas, Maurice C. “was angry and he was – it seemed like 

he had lost hope and claimed that it didn’t matter if he did his services or not.” Maurice C. told 

Iruegas that he had recently lost his job and was looking for a new one. Iruegas also testified that 

Maurice C. was “unsuccessfully discharged from individual counseling for noncompliance and he 

did not maintain employment.” Maurice C. missed several counseling sessions, and according to 

Iruegas, with regard to Maurice C.’s therapy “[t]here was concern [about] his lack of planning and 

his lack of ability to care and ensure the safety of his children and not leave them alone with [the 

mother].” Iruegas testified that Maurice C. had on at least one occasion left the children alone with 

their mother while he went to work. Iruegas testified that the mother was currently homeless and 

in September 2014 had been at the psychiatric unit at University Hospital. The mother had become 

intoxicated and harmed herself, at which time she called the crisis hotline and was taken to 

University Hospital. The mother had left a voice message with the Department, and according to 

Iruegas, the mother’s message was “completely incoherent” and the mother “was obviously 

intoxicated by something.” According to Iruegas, the mother had been hospitalized twice during 

the pendency of the case. 

Iruegas was asked if Maurice C.’s rights should be terminated because the mother has a 

mental illness. Iruegas responded, “Along with his inability to care for – to ensure safety for his 

children, yes.” Iruegas testified that in the pre-litigation family-based case, Maurice C. was 

informed that he could not leave his children alone with the mother because of her mental health 

problems:

Q: Was it the family-based case that ultimately resulted in this case and that 

Dad violated?

A: Yes.
04-14-00893-CV

- 5 -

Q: Was it highlighted to the Dad in the family-based case that the reason 

he shouldn’t leave his kids alone with the Mom was because of her 

mental health problems?

A: Yes.

Q: And he violated that?

A: Yes, ma’am.

When asked what Maurice C. had done to demonstrate that he would not make such a bad decision 

again, Iruegas replied, “Nothing.” 

HEARSAY

Maurice C. argues the trial court erred in overruling his hearsay objection to Iruegas’s 

testimony that the Department received a referral in November 2013 alleging neglectful 

supervision of the children because the parents were using drugs and at one point, the mother 

became intoxicated with alcohol and Xanax and attempted to slit her throat with a knife in front of 

her children. We review the admission of evidence for abuse of discretion. See Whirlpool Corp. v. 

Camacho, 298 S.W.3d 631, 638 (Tex. 2009). 

Whether or not this testimony was inadmissible hearsay, any error is harmless because

Maurice C. did not continue to object to Iruegas’s testimony or request a running objection. To 

obtain the reversal of a judgment based upon an error of the trial court in admission or exclusion 

of evidence, it must be shown that the trial court did in fact commit error and that the error

complained of probably caused the rendition of an improper judgment or probably prevented the 

appellant from properly presenting the case to the court of appeals. See TEX. R. APP. P. 44.1(a); 

State v. Cent. Expressway Sign Assocs., 302 S.W.3d 866, 870 (Tex. 2009). Any error in excluding 

evidence is harmless if other admitted evidence reveals the same facts as that which is excluded. 

Bryant v. Transcon. Gas Pipe Line Corp., 821 S.W.2d 187, 188 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 

1991, writ denied); see Cent. Expressway, 302 S.W.3d at 870 (“[T]he exclusion or admission is 
04-14-00893-CV

- 6 -

likely harmless if the evidence was cumulative, or the rest of the evidence was so one-sided that 

the error likely made no difference in the judgment.”). After Maurice C. objected to Iruegas’s 

testimony, Iruegas gave similar testimony without objection. Therefore, any error was harmless.

SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE

Parental rights may be terminated only upon proof of clear and convincing evidence that 

(1) the parent has committed an act prohibited by section 161.001(1) of the Texas Family Code, 

and (2) termination is in the best interest of the child. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001 (West 

2014). Here, the trial court found three grounds supporting termination of Maurice C.’s parental 

rights under section 161.001(1). Maurice C. argues there is legally and factually insufficient 

evidence to support all three grounds.

When the legal sufficiency of the evidence is challenged, we look at all the evidence in the 

light most favorable to the trial court’s finding to determine whether a reasonable trier of fact could 

have formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding was true. In re J.O.A., 283 S.W.3d 336, 

344 (Tex. 2009). “To give appropriate deference to the factfinder’s conclusions and the role of a 

court conducting a legal sufficiency review, looking at the evidence in the light most favorable to 

the judgment means that a reviewing court must assume that the factfinder resolved disputed facts 

in favor of its finding if a reasonable factfinder could do so.” Id. (citations omitted). “A corollary 

to this requirement is that a court should disregard all evidence that a reasonable factfinder could 

have disbelieved or found to have been incredible.” Id. (citations omitted). “If, after conducting its 

legal sufficiency review of the record evidence, a court determines that no reasonable factfinder 

could form a firm belief or conviction that the matter that must be proven is true, then that court 

must conclude that the evidence is legally insufficient.” Id. at 344-45 (citations omitted).

When a parent challenges the factual sufficiency of the evidence on appeal, we look at all 

the evidence, including disputed or conflicting evidence. Id. at 345. “If, in light of the entire record, 
04-14-00893-CV

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the disputed evidence that a reasonable factfinder could not have credited in favor of the finding 

is so significant that a factfinder could not reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction, then 

the evidence is factually insufficient.” Id. (citations omitted). In reviewing termination findings 

for factual sufficiency, we give due deference to the factfinder’s findings and do not supplant its 

judgment with our own. In re H.R.M., 209 S.W.3d 105, 108 (Tex. 2006). 

With regard to the trial court’s finding pursuant to section 161.001(1)(O), Maurice C. 

argues the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support the trial court’s finding that he 

failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically established the actions 

necessary for him to obtain the return of his children who had been in the Department’s permanent 

or temporary managing conservatorship for not less than nine months as a result of the children’s 

removal under Chapter 262 for abuse or neglect. At trial, the trial court took judicial notice of the 

service plan. The service plan required that Maurice C. complete parenting classes, have a drug 

assessment with drug treatment, complete a psychological evaluation, complete individual 

counseling, and maintain housing and employment. Maurice C. completed parenting classes, and 

his drug and psychological assessment. However, he was unsuccessfully discharged from 

individual counseling for non-compliance because he missed several sessions. According to 

Iruegas, as a result of the sessions Maurice C. did attend, the therapist was concerned about “his 

lack of planning and his lack of ability to care and ensure the safety of his children and not leave 

them alone with [the mother].” Iruegas also testified that he failed to maintain steady employment. 

He was employed on-and-off during the ten-month pendency of the case. When she talked to him 

in October, he had lost his job, had moved to Houston, and was looking for a new job.

Maurice C. complains that Iruegas did not testify that she made all the referrals and 

authorizations necessary for him to participate in services or give any examples of her efforts to 

reunite him with his children. However, Iruegas did testify that the Department had made 
04-14-00893-CV

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reasonable efforts to work with both parents. She testified that she “reached out to [Maurice C.] 

several times and on one occasion he did answer the phone.” She reminded him of the court dates 

and told him that he would need to continue with his services in order to work towards reunification 

with his children. According to Iruegas, Maurice C. was angry and frustrated, stating that he did 

not believe it mattered if he continued his services. Iruegas testified that she provided Maurice C. 

with information and the proper authorization to participate in the services. We hold the evidence 

is legally and factually sufficient to support the trial court’s finding pursuant to section 

161.001(1)(O).

With regard to the trial court’s finding pursuant to section 161.001(1)(D), Maurice C. 

argues the evidence is legally and factually insufficient that he knowingly placed or knowingly 

allowed his children to remain in conditions or surroundings that endangered the physical or 

emotional well-being of the children. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(1)(D) (West 2014). 

Subsection D permits termination based on a single act or omission by the parent. In re R.D., 955 

S.W.2d 364, 367 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1997, pet. denied).

The term “endanger” means “to expose to loss or injury.” Tex. Dep’t of Human Servs. v. 

Boyd, 727 S.W.2d 531, 533 (Tex. 1987); In re J.J.B., No. 04-14-00299-CV, 2014 WL 4218845, 

at *2 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Aug. 27, 2014, no pet.). Although “‘endanger’ means more than a 

threat of metaphysical injury or the possible ill effects of a less-than-ideal family environment, it 

is not necessary that the conduct be directed at the child or that the child actually suffers injury.” 

Boyd, 727 S.W.2d at 533; see In re J.J.B., 2014 WL 4218845, at *2 (explaining that “abusive or 

violent conduct by a parent or other resident of a child’s home can constitute a condition that 

endangers the child’s physical or emotional well-being within the meaning of section 

161.001(1)(D)). “Although the parent need not have certain knowledge that an actual injury is 

occurring, the parent must at least be aware of the potential for danger to the child in such an 
04-14-00893-CV

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environment and must have disregarded that risk.” In re A.S., 261 S.W.3d 76, 83 (Tex. App.—

Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, pet. denied). At trial, Iruegas testified that Maurice C. was aware of the 

mother’s mental health issues and knew that he was not permitted to leave the children alone with 

the mother pursuant to the Family Based Safety Plan.3 He nevertheless left the children alone with 

the mother. Iruegas testified that the children then witnessed their mother inflict harm upon herself, 

resulting in the children suffering from “lasting emotional scars” and undergoing trauma-informed 

therapy. Thus, there was testimony that Maurice C. knew about the danger posed to his children 

by their mother’s mental health problems, was specifically told by the Department that he could 

not leave the children alone with her, and nonetheless did so. We conclude the evidence is legally 

and factually sufficient to support termination of Maurice C.’s parental rights on section 

161.001(1)(D) grounds.4

Maurice C. also argues the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support the trial 

court’s finding that termination of his parental rights is in his children’s best interest. See TEX.

FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(2) (West 2014). There is a strong presumption that the best interest of 

a child is served by keeping the child with a parent. In re R.R., 209 S.W.3d 112, 116 (Tex. 2006).

However, there is also a presumption that when the court considers factors related to the best 

interest of the child, “the prompt and permanent placement of the child in a safe environment is 

presumed to be in the child’s best interest.” TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 263.307(a) (West 2014). And, 

in determining whether the child’s parents are willing and able to provide the child with a safe 

environment, the court should consider the following: the child’s age and physical and mental 

 3 This safety plan was in place prior to the children’s removal and is different from the service plan referred to 

previously.

4 Because only one ground under section 161.001(1) can support the termination of parental rights and because we 

have determined that sufficient evidence supported two different grounds under section 161.001(1), we need not 

determine whether there is sufficient evidence that Maurice C. constructively abandoned his children under section 

161.001(1)(N).
04-14-00893-CV

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vulnerabilities; the willingness and ability of the child’s family to seek out, accept, and complete 

counseling services and to cooperate with and facilitate an appropriate agency’s close supervision; 

the willingness and ability of the child’s family to effect positive environmental and personal 

changes within a reasonable period of time; and whether the child’s family demonstrates adequate 

parenting skills, including providing the child with minimally adequate health and nutritional care, 

a safe physical home environment, and an understanding of the child’s needs and capabilities. Id.

§ 263.307(b). In addition, courts may consider other nonexclusive factors in reviewing the 

sufficiency of the evidence to support the best interest finding, including (1) the desires of the 

child, (2) the present and future physical and emotional needs of the child, (3) the present and 

future emotional and physical danger to the child, (4) the parental abilities of the persons seeking 

custody, (5) the programs available to assist those persons seeking custody in promoting the best 

interest of the child, (6) the plans for the child by the individuals or agency seeking custody, (7) 

the stability of the home or proposed placement, (8) acts or omissions of the parent which may 

indicate the existing parent-child relationship is not appropriate, and (9) any excuse for the parent’s 

acts or omissions. Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 372 (Tex. 1976). This list is not exhaustive, 

and evidence is not required on all of the factors to support a finding terminating a parent’s rights. 

Id.; In re D.R.A., 374 S.W.3d 528, 533 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2012, no pet.).

At trial, there was evidence that Maurice C.’s young children had been living with their 

maternal grandparents for the previous ten months, were doing well, and had formed an attachment 

that continues to grow. Iruegas testified that it would be harmful for the children to be removed 

from their maternal grandparents and that the plan was for their current placement to lead to 

permanency. Iruegas also testified that Maurice C. failed to maintain stable employment, and in 

the final months before trial, Maurice C. stopped all communication with both his children and the 

Department. He stopped visiting his children. He was not able to show that he had stable housing. 
04-14-00893-CV

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Maurice C. also failed to complete individual counseling. Meanwhile, his very young children are 

currently undergoing trauma therapy. We hold there is legally and factually sufficient evidence 

that termination of Maurice C.’s parental rights is in the children’s best interest.

We affirm the trial court’s order terminating Maurice C.’s parental rights.

Karen Angelini, Justice
TAB 3
Fourth Court of Appeals

San Antonio, Texas

JUDGMENT

No. 04-14-00893-CV

IN THE INTEREST OF M.C. and T.C.

From the 288th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas

Trial Court No. 2014-PA-00142

Honorable Charles E. Montemayor, Associate Judge Presiding

BEFORE JUSTICE ANGELINI, JUSTICE MARTINEZ, AND JUSTICE ALVAREZ

In accordance with this court’s opinion of this date, the trial court’s order terminating 

appellant’s parental rights is AFFIRMED. No costs of appeal are assessed against appellant.

SIGNED June 10, 2015.

_____________________________

Karen Angelini, Justice
TAB 4
IM 141RIONKIIIIIIIII III 

2014PA00142 —D288 

9 

C913.06 CAUSE NO. h? nP66mog 

IN THE INTEREST OF § IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF 

M C , ET AL BEXAR COUNTY, TEXAS 

CHILDREN 288TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT 

ORDER APPOINTING ATTORNEY AD LITEM FOR FATHER 

The Court finds that the immediate appointment of an .Attorney Ad Litem to represent the 

interests of MAURICE C against whom this suit is brought is required under 

§ 161.003 (b), Texas Family Code. 

( 

IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that MARGARET A. C-TT, a licensed attorney at law of 

this state, is appointed Attorney Ad Litein for MAURICE C . 

SIGNED this 22nd day of January, 2014. 

JUDGE PRESIDING 

4t462M: 

,//Kristen Calvert 

Attorney for Petitioner, Department of Family and Protective Services 

Bexar County Court House 

100 Dolorosa, 3rd Floor 

San Antonio, Texas 78205 

Kcalvert@bexar.org 

phone: (210) 224-1430 

fax: (210) 224-9887 

STATE BAR #00787188 

0 

3 

7 

P 

G 

Q Order Setting Hearing "CAUSE NUMBER" / 288TH 

3 Page2 

21
1
CAUSE NO. 2014.PA-00142 

IN THE INTEREST OF IN THE DISTRICT COURT 

MALIYAH COLLINS, ET AL 288 th JUDICIAL DISTRICT 

CHILDREN BEXAR COUNTY, TEXAS 

ORDER OF INDIGENCE 

On this date, Respondent/s MAURICE COLLINS request for Order of Indigence was 

presented to this Court. The Court finds this request should be granted for good cause. The 

court finds that Respondent/s is indigent. 

IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Respondent/s is hereby indigent. 

SIGNED this 'J:Lf!!_y of ;[uli, 1.01£ . / 

APPROVED AS TO FORM AND SUBSTANCE: 

Gerald Uretsky 

Attorney at Law 

406 Brees Boulevard 

San Antonio, Texas 78209-4828 

Phone: (210) 820-8294 

Fax: (210) 822-8735 

Email: uretsky@msn.com 

~~c ATTORN~ ENT