[Cite as In re A.V., 2019-Ohio-1685.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO 

SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

 LUCAS COUNTY 

In re A.V. Court of Appeals No. L-18-1197 

 

 Trial Court No. JC 16254683 

 DECISION AND JUDGMENT

 Decided: May 3, 2019 

* * * * * 

 Melody Wilhelm, for appellant. 

 Bradley W. King, for appellee. 

* * * * * 

 MAYLE, P.J., 

{¶ 1} This is appeal from an August 15, 2018 judgment of the Lucas County Court 

of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, which adopted the decision of the magistrate to 

transfer legal custody of the minor child (“A.V.”) from the mother to the paternal great 

uncle. On appeal, the mother argues that the trial court’s conclusion – that it was in the 
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child’s best interests to grant legal custody of A.V. to the uncle – was an abuse of 

discretion. The father, who participated in the proceedings below, did not appeal. 

Therefore, the issues discussed herein are limited to the evidence presented relative to the 

mother’s parental rights. As set forth below, we affirm the decision of the lower court. 

Facts and Procedural History

{¶ 2} This case began with the filing of a complaint in dependency and neglect by 

Lucas County Children Services (“LCCS”) on April 5, 2016. At the time, A.V. lived 

with her mother, “C.A.” (hereinafter “Mother”). According to the complaint, Mother was 

homeless and had left A.V., aged 20 months, in the care of “inappropriate relatives,” who 

were abusing illegal drugs. Mother was alleged to be abusing marijuana and suffering 

from untreated bipolar depression and anxiety. The father, identified as “Al.V.,” was 

incarcerated “on drug related charges.” Following an emergency shelter care hearing, 

temporary custody of A.V. was granted to LCCS, and the child was placed with her 

paternal great uncle, G.F. (“Uncle”), and his wife, J.F. (“Aunt”). 

{¶ 3} An adjudicatory hearing was held on May 5, 2016 before a magistrate judge. 

Mother attended the hearing and was represented by counsel. Father did not attend, but 

was represented by counsel. At the hearing, Mother stipulated to a finding of dependency 

and neglect, which the court accepted. 

{¶ 4} An “annual review permanency hearing” took place on March 27, 2017. At 

that hearing, LCCS Ongoing Caseworker Katie Duval requested an extension of the 

agency’s temporary custody. According to Duval, A.V.’s placement with Uncle was 

going “very well;” Mother was “making significant progress” with regard to her mental 
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health and substance abuse treatment; and the agency’s goal was to reunite Mother and 

A.V. Susan Carlson, the court appointed special advocate (“CASA”), supported LCCS’s 

request. At the conclusion of the hearing, the court found by clear and convincing 

evidence that it was in A.V.’s best interest to extend temporary custody to LCCS. A 

second and final extension was granted by the court on September 21, 2017. 

{¶ 5} Two months later, LCCS’s position on reunification had changed. On 

November 21, 2017, the agency filed a motion to grant legal custody to Uncle, and a 

hearing on the matter was held on March 29, 2018, before a magistrate judge. 

{¶ 6} At the hearing, Duval testified to “several” poor decisions by Mother that 

caused LCCS to conclude that reunification with Mother was not in A.V.’s best interests. 

Duval cited Mother’s two recent positive test results, one for alcohol and another for “a 

low dose of cocaine.” Evidence in the record established that, given the amount of 

cocaine, it was unlikely that Mother had personally used cocaine but had come “in 

contact” with someone who was using. In a third incident, Mother was pulled over while 

driving her friend’s car, without a license. Following a search, police seized heroin from 

within the vehicle. Although Mother was not charged with drug possession, Duval cited 

the incident as another example of Mother’s poor choices in “the type of people” she was 

spending time with, especially because Mother’s substance abuse history included a near 

fatal heroin overdose. Duval also cited Mother’s failure to place A.V. in a car seat, and a 

crude video posted on Facebook on October 2, 2017, in which Mother was “deep 

throating a banana” and talking about drugs while “inappropriate music” played in the 

background. A.V., who was sick at the time, was also shown in the video. 
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{¶ 7} Duval testified extensively about Mother’s participation in services provided 

by Family Drug Court (consisting of trauma therapy and enrollment in the RISE 

program) and Unison Health. Mother missed 7 of 12 trauma therapy sessions and was 

“closed out of the course.” Likewise, her attendance at individual and weekly group 

sessions in the RISE program was “very minimal up until February of [2018].” On the 

other hand, Mother successfully completed substance abuse treatment at Unison and was 

weaned off of Suboxone. Although she missed a “handful of appointments,” her Unison 

attendance there was “pretty regular.” As of the hearing date, Mother had also secured 

appropriate housing. In sum, Duval testified that LCCS was seeking a change in custody, 

from LCCS to Uncle, due to its “concern [over] the type of people that [Mother] 

continues to hang around with and how that can put [A.V.] at risk for being abused or 

neglected.” Still, Duval supported some limited periods of unsupervised visitation 

between Mother and A.V. 

{¶ 8} Duval also described her monthly visits to Uncle’s home, which he shares 

with Aunt and their 19- year-old daughter. According to Duval, A.V. is “very bonded [to 

them] and adjusted,” and her needs there were “being exceptionally met.” Uncle and 

Aunt were willing to assume legal custody of A.V., and Duval opined that it would be 

detrimental to A.V. if she was removed from them. 

{¶ 9} The CASA also testified. She met with Uncle, Aunt, Mother, and Father and 

also reviewed medical and treatment records. She concurred with the motion to transfer 

custody to Uncle and to allow Mother unsupervised visitation with A.V. The CASA 

added that Uncle and Aunt’s home was clean, that A.V. was “extremely” well-cared for, 
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and that A.V. was “attached” to Uncle, Aunt, and their daughter. The CASA opined that 

it is a “great environment for her,” and that A.V. would “definitely miss them” if she was 

removed from their home. While the CASA agreed that Mother had made “tremendous 

progress” over the past year, she also concurred that Mother lacks good “decision-making 

skills,” which included Mother’s spending time with “people [who] were using [drugs].” 

{¶ 10} Donita McGuire, a clinical specialist from Unison Health, treated Mother 

since 2016 and developed a strong relationship with her. McGuire testified that Mother 

had made “very good progress” in the preceding five months (since testing positive for 

cocaine in December of 2017), and she confirmed that Mother had no positive “drops” 

for drugs or alcohol since that time. McGuire testified that Mother “rarely” missed her 

individual appointments with McGuire, although Mother’s attendance at “trauma group” 

meetings was “sporadic.” She added that Mother was taking prescribed medications for 

depression and treating with a psychiatrist, and that the two frequently discussed the need 

for Mother to make “healthy choices.” In McGuire’s opinion, “from 2016 to now 

[Mother] has grown up. But she still has a ways to go.” 

{¶ 11} Finally, Mother testified. She expressed her desire to bring her “daughter 

back home.” Mother admitted to a “couple of stupid decisions and a couple little 

mistakes” but claimed to be “learning from [them].” She confirmed a prior heroin 

addiction, but claimed that she had not used that drug in 16 months (i.e. since around 

November of 2016). Mother credited her treatment at Unison for helping her to maintain 

sobriety, and she expressed her intention to continue treating there. 
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{¶ 12} At the conclusion of the hearing, the magistrate issued a decision awarding 

legal custody of A.V. to Uncle. The trial court adopted the decision, which it stayed, 

pending a ruling on Mother’s objections. Following another hearing, the trial court found 

Mother’s objections not well-taken, and by decision dated August 15, 2018, it found, by a 

preponderance of the evidence, that granting legal custody to Uncle was in A.V.’s best 

interests. The court reasoned that, “no evidence nor testimony contradicts the fact that 

Mother has made progress in this case; however, it was insufficient to allow reunification 

at the time of the hearing.” In recognition of Mother’s progress, the trial court modified 

the Magistrate’s Decision by allowing Mother’s unsupervised visits with A.V. to include 

overnight visits. Mother appealed. Through appellate counsel, she assigns a single 

assignment of error: 

Assignment of Error 1: The Trial Court abused its discretion in 

awarding legal custody of the minor child to a paternal relative when such a 

finding was not in the best interest of the minor child and when such a 

finding was against the manifest weight of the evidence. 

{¶ 13} Legal custody proceedings vest in the custodian the right to have physical 

care and control of the child, subject to any residual parental rights and responsibilities 

that remain intact with the birth parents. In re C.R., 108 Ohio St.3d 369, 2006-Ohio1191, 843 N.E.2d 1188, ¶ 14-15. A trial court determines an award of legal custody 

based upon proof by a preponderance of the evidence. In re Nice, 141 Ohio App.3d 445, 

455, 751 N.E.2d 552 (7th Dist.2001). Because custody determinations “are some of the 

most difficult and agonizing decisions a trial judge must make,” a trial judge must have 
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broad discretion in considering all of the evidence. Davis v. Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d 

415, 418, 674 N.E.2d 1159 (1997). Therefore, an award of legal custody will not be 

reversed on appeal absent an abuse of discretion. Id.; see also In re E.H. 6th Dist. Ottawa 

No. T-15-044, 2016-Ohio-8170. To constitute an abuse of discretion, the ruling must be 

unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 

219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983). 

{¶ 14} An award of legal custody is authorized by statute where a child has been 

adjudicated neglected, dependent, or abused. R.C. 2151.353(A)(3). “At any hearing in 

which a court is asked to modify or terminate an order of disposition issued under section 

2151.353 * * * of the Revised Code, the court, in determining whether to return the child 

to the child’s parents, shall consider whether it is in the best interest of the child.” R.C. 

2151.42(A). “[C]ourts have looked to the best interest factors of R.C. 2151.414(D) 

[Regarding Permanent Custody], R.C. 3109.04(F)(1) [Regarding Shared Parenting], a 

combination of the two, or general notions of what should be considered regarding the 

best interests of the [child].” In re E.H. at ¶ 16, quoting In re A.K., 9th Dist. Summit No. 

26291, 2012-Ohio-4430, ¶ 25. The best interest subdivision of each statute provides that 

the trial court “shall consider all relevant factors,” which specifically include the 

following: 

 The wishes of the child’s parents regarding the child’s care. R.C. 

3109.04(F)(1)(a). 
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 The child’s interaction and interrelationship with the child’s 

parents, siblings, and any other person who may significantly affect the 

child’s best interest. R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(c). 

 The child’s adjustment to the child’s home, school, and 

community. R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(d). 

 The mental and physical health of all persons involved in the 

situation. R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(e). 

 The parent more likely to honor and facilitate court-approved 

parenting time rights or visitation and companionship rights. R.C. 

3109.04(F)(1)(f). 

 The custodial history of the child, including whether the child has 

been in the temporary custody of one or more public children services 

agencies * * * for twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-twomonth period. R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(c); 

{¶ 15} In this case, the trial court cited the following as relevant in its best interest 

determination: Mother’s drug and alcohol “relapse” in late 2017; Mother’s compliance in 

“the past three months” with substance abuse and mental health treatment; the fact that 

A.V. had been living with Uncle for two years (more than half of her life); and the 

opinion of the GAL, who supported the motion to transfer legal custody to Uncle. 

{¶ 16} Mother makes several arguments in support of her claim that the trial court 

abused its discretion. For example, Mother asserts that, as of the hearing date, she had 

found appropriate housing and successfully completed treatment for substance abuse. 
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According to her, LCCS’s only other stated concern was “who Mother chose to associate 

with and her decision-making.” As for these “lingering issues,” Mother claims that “no 

proof or evidence” was offered to show that Mother had not resolved those concerns as 

well. 

{¶ 17} We found ample evidence put forth by LCCS to support its case that 

Mother’s poor judgment remained a concern for the agency. For example the CASA 

testified that “people [who] were using * * * were still in her life as of a few months ago, 

whether they are now or not, I have no idea. But that’s such a short period of time. To 

now make a decision for [A.V.] to go back with [Mother], * * * I would not feel 

comfortable for [A.V.] to be there under that situation.” Similarly, Mother’s treatment 

provider at Unison testified that she and Mother discussed “making better decisions * * * 

and healthy relationships” and that while Mother has “grown up[,] she still has a ways to 

go.” Finally, Uncle and Aunt remarked to the caseworker “on multiple occasions” that 

they would support A.V.’s reunification with her Mother, but that “right now the risk is 

just too high.” We find that LCCS presented evidence to support its view that Mother’s 

poor judgment continued to pose a risk to A.V. as of the date of the hearing. 

{¶ 18} Mother also argues that it was “unreasonable” for the court to award Uncle 

legal custody given “Mother’s tremendous progress on her case plan.” We find the 

timeline of this case instructive. Seven months after the complaint was filed (on April 5, 

2016), Mother admits that she was still abusing heroin, (i.e. until November of 2016). 

One year later, on November 21, 2017, when LCCS filed the motion to transfer legal 

custody to Uncle, Mother had just tested positive for alcohol and cocaine and was found 
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driving a car in which heroin was found. But, to Mother’s credit, the record also 

indicates that Mother tested “clean” for drugs and alcohol between December of 2017 

and the March 29, 2018 hearing. 

{¶ 19} Likewise, the record demonstrates mixed success with regard to Mother’s 

case plan services. For example, although she was referred to the RISE program in July 

of 2017, Mother’s attendance there was “very minimal until February of [2018].” 

February of 2018 seems to have marked a positive turning point for Mother. By then, 

Mother was participating in services offered through Family Court and was proactively 

seeking therapy from her counselor at Unison. Indeed, the trial court commended 

Mother’s recent efforts to maintain her sobriety and to engage in services, but it 

ultimately concluded that it was “insufficient to allow reunification at the time of the 

hearing.” Given the duration of this case and the length of time it took for Mother to 

achieve sobriety and to engage in case planning services, we cannot say that the trial 

court abused its discretion by finding that Mother’s progress was insufficient to allow 

reunification at the time of the hearing. 

{¶ 20} Next, Mother refers to the CASA’s testimony, that, although Mother had 

made progress, she was “still immature.” Mother argues that the maturity level of a 

parent is not a “best interest factor.” To the extent that the trial court may have 

considered Mother’s maturity level in following its statutory mandate to consider “all 

relevant factors,” we see no error in doing so. 

{¶ 21} Finally, Mother argues that it was inconsistent to grant legal custody to 

Uncle, in light of the trial court’s grant of unsupervised visitation with A.V. We fail to 
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see the inconsistency. As noted by the trial court, Mother “maintains her right to request 

a change of custody at any time in the future [if she] can show a change of 

circumstances” under R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a). Allowing Mother unsupervised, overnight 

visits will hopefully serve as an incentive for her to continue her positive strides. In the 

meantime, A.V. remains in the legal custody of relatives who, according to the record, 

have bonded with the young girl and are providing excellent care. 

{¶ 22} After reviewing the record, we find that the trial court did not abuse its 

discretion in granting legal custody of A.V. to Uncle. The court considered all relevant 

best interest factors before awarding custody to A.V., and its decision in weighing those 

factors in favor of Uncle is supported by a preponderance of the evidence. That 

determination is not arbitrary, unconscionable, or unreasonable. Accordingly, Mother’s 

assignment of error is found not well-taken. 

{¶ 23} The judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile 

Division, is affirmed. Mother is ordered to pay the court costs of this appeal pursuant to 

App. R. 24. 

Judgment affirmed. 

A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. 

See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4. 

Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ 

JUDGE 

Christine E. Mayle, P.J. 

_______________________________ 

Gene A. Zmuda, J. JUDGE 

CONCUR. 

_______________________________ 

JUDGE 
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This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of 

Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported 

version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: 

http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.