This opinion will be unpublished and

may not be cited except as provided by

Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

STATE OF MINNESOTA

IN COURT OF APPEALS

A14-1836

Paul Koski, 

Respondent, 

vs. 

Sharon Johnson, 

Appellant.

Filed July 20, 2015

Affirmed

Bjorkman, Judge

Hennepin County District Court

File No. 27-CV-HC-14-5446

Christine Cahill Lake, Prior Lake, Minnesota (for respondent)

Sharon Johnson, Eden Prairie, Minnesota (pro se appellant)

Considered and decided by Bjorkman, Presiding Judge; Stauber, Judge; and 

Rodenberg, Judge. 

U N P U B L I S H E D O P I N I O N

BJORKMAN, Judge

Appellant challenges an eviction judgment, arguing that respondent-landlord

terminated her lease in retaliation for requesting repairs and obtaining an ex-parte 

harassment restraining order against respondent. Because the district court’s findings of 

fact are not clearly erroneous and its legal conclusions are sound, we affirm. 
2

FACTS

In January 1996, appellant Sharon Johnson began leasing an Eden Prairie home 

from respondent Paul Koski. For the majority of the tenancy, Johnson has had an oral 

month-to-month lease, the only exception being when she signed a written one-year lease 

in 2001. On June 8, 2012, Koski attempted to terminate the lease by posting three notices 

to vacate at the house. The notices directed Johnson to move out by August 1. Koski 

commenced eviction proceedings when Johnson failed to vacate and the district court 

granted a writ of recovery. Johnson appealed, and this court reversed on the ground that 

service of the eviction notice was improper. Koski v. Johnson, 837 N.W.2d 739, 741 

(Minn. App. 2013), review denied (Minn. Dec. 17, 2013).

In January 2014, Koski informed Johnson by e-mail that he had retained Renter’s 

Warehouse to manage the property and collect rent, stating that “[t]he terms of our 

original lease agreement are now in effect.” The listed terms include the fact that the 

parties have an oral agreement for a month-to-month lease with monthly rent of $900. 

Renter’s Warehouse contacted Johnson a few months later, asking her to sign a written 

lease for a definite term, consistent with the company’s standard practice. Johnson 

refused to sign a lease.

In mid-April 2014, Renter’s Warehouse provided Johnson with a second notice to 

vacate. This notice directed Johnson to move out within 30 days in accordance with

Renter’s Warehouse’s understanding that the lease was month-to-month. When Johnson 

failed to leave, Renter’s Warehouse initiated eviction proceedings. In late June, the 

district court dismissed this second eviction action, concluding that the 60-day notice 
3

requirement in the 2001 written lease controlled. A month later, Johnson obtained an 

ex parte harassment restraining order against Koski based on her allegations that he was 

bombarding her with threatening e-mails, phone calls, and text messages. 

In late July, Koski attempted to terminate Johnson’s lease for a third time. On 

July 31, Jarett Harmon, a Renter’s Warehouse employee, posted the 60-day notice to 

vacate on the front door of the residence. Johnson was present and called the police to 

report Harmon’s presence. Harmon also testified that he mailed a copy of the notice to 

Johnson prior to posting the notice at the house. 

Johnson once again refused to vacate, so Koski brought this third eviction action. 

At the evidentiary hearing, Johnson stated that she did not receive the notice to vacate 

until late August and that Koski was terminating the lease because she obtained the 

restraining order and had asked him to make repairs. Johnson testified that throughout 

the late spring and summer of 2014 she had asked Koski to fix leaks in the windows and 

ceiling, replace a broken toilet, and finish a driveway repair project. She also testified 

that she had discussed these conditions with city employees who suggested they might 

violate the housing code, but she did not file a complaint. 

After receiving exhibits and hearing testimony from Johnson and Harmon, the 

district court found that Johnson received timely notice to vacate the premises. With 

respect to Johnson’s retaliation defense, the district court found that Johnson had asked 

Koski to fix the property within 90 days of the notice to vacate, which required Koski to 

establish a non-retaliatory basis for terminating the lease pursuant to Minn. Stat. 

§ 504B.285, subd. 2 (2014). The district court determined that Koski satisfied this 
4

burden because the evidence showed that he had been trying to regain possession of the 

property since 2012, well before Johnson requested repairs or obtained the restraining 

order. Johnson appeals. 

D E C I S I O N

On appeal from an eviction judgment, we determine whether the evidence sustains 

the findings of fact and whether the findings support the legal conclusions. Minneapolis 

Pub. Hous. Auth. v. Greene, 463 N.W.2d 558, 560 (Minn. App. 1990). We will not set 

aside findings of fact unless they are clearly erroneous. Minn. R. Civ. P. 52.01. When 

reviewing rulings under the retaliatory-eviction statute, we view the evidence in the light 

most favorable to the party that prevailed in the district court. See Parkin v. Fitzgerald,

307 Minn. 423, 425, 240 N.W.2d 828, 830 (1976).

A landlord may not terminate a lease in retaliation for a tenant’s good-faith 

attempts to enforce his or her rights. Minn. Stat. § 504B.285, subd. 2(1) (2014). If a 

notice to vacate is served within 90 days after a tenant’s attempt to secure or enforce 

lease rights, the landlord must show by a fair preponderance of the evidence that the 

termination was not retaliatory. Id., subd. 2. A non-retaliatory reason for termination is 

“a reason wholly unrelated to and unmotivated by any good-faith activity on the part of 

the tenant protected by the statute (e.g., nonpayment of rent, other material breach of 

covenant, continuing damage to premises by tenants, or removal of housing unit from 

market for a sound business reason).” Parkin, 307 Minn. at 430, 240 N.W.2d at 832-33. 
5

Johnson argues that Koski did not meet his burden of establishing a non-retaliatory 

reason for terminating her lease.

1

 We are not persuaded. The undisputed evidence shows 

that Koski has been trying to repossess the property since 2012. See Koski, 837 N.W.2d 

at 741-42. The first eviction action was dismissed on procedural grounds; the dismissal 

became final when the supreme court denied review of the decision in December 2013. 

Id. at 745. Koski next attempted to terminate the lease in April 2014. Johnson first asked 

Koski to repair the property in a letter dated May 15.2 Johnson did not seek a restraining 

order until late July, over three months after Koski served her with the second notice to 

vacate. And Harmon promptly responded to the district court’s dismissal of the second 

eviction action by serving a 60-day notice to vacate in compliance with the district 

court’s order. 

Not only does this evidence support the district court’s determination that this 

action flows directly from Koski’s prior attempts to terminate the lease, which preceded 

any of Johnson’s claimed protected conduct, but other evidence also supports the legal 

conclusion that this action is not retaliatory. Harmon testified that the $900 per month 

Johnson was paying for rent is well below the $1,300 market rate he could otherwise get 

for the home. And Koski’s attorney indicated that Koski wanted to move back into the 

home. Considering that Koski was already receiving below market value for the home, it 

 

1

Johnson also asserts Koski violated Minn. Stat. § 504B.441 (2014) by withholding 

repairs as a penalty for her complaints. Because Johnson did not raise this argument in 

the district court, it is not properly before this court, and we decline to address it on 

appeal. Thiele v. Stich, 425 N.W.2d 580, 582 (Minn. 1988). 

2

 Prior to this request, it appears Johnson may have engaged a handyman to make certain 

repairs. 
6

would be a reasonable business decision for him to conclude he would simply rather 

move into the home himself and avoid the added responsibility of being a landlord. See 

Parkin, 307 Minn. at 430, 240 N.W.2d at 833 (identifying “removal of housing unit from 

market for a sound business reason” as an acceptable non-retaliatory reason for eviction). 

Indeed, the fact that Koski retained Renter’s Warehouse is consistent with a desire to get

out of the business of being a landlord. 

In sum, ample evidence supports the district court’s factual determinations. And 

the alternative non-retaliatory bases for terminating the lease, combined with Koski’s 

consistent attempts to regain possession of the property, demonstrate that Koski had a 

reasonable motive to terminate the lease that did not involve retaliation. On this record, 

we conclude that Koski satisfied his burden to show the termination of Johnson’s lease 

was non-retaliatory. 

Affirmed.