IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 15-0850

Filed July 22, 2015

IN THE INTEREST OF L.P.-S.,

Minor Child,

K.P., Mother,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Rachael E. Seymour, 

District Associate Judge. 

A mother appeals the termination of her parental rights. AFFIRMED. 

Mark D. Reed of Marberry Law Firm, P.C., Urbandale, for appellant.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, Kathrine S. Miller-Todd, Assistant 

Attorney General, John P. Sarcone, County Attorney, and Christina Gonzalez, 

Assistant County Attorney, for appellee.

Erin Mayfield of the Youth Law Center, Des Moines, attorney and guardian 

ad litem for minor child.

Considered by Potterfield, P.J., and Doyle and Mullins, JJ.
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POTTERFIELD, P.J.

A mother1appeals the termination of her parental rights to her child, 

L.P.-S. She claims there is not clear and convincing evidence to show L.P.-S.

could not be returned to her care at the time of the termination hearing,

termination is not in the best interests of L.P.-S., and termination would be 

detrimental due to the closeness of the parent/child relationship. We affirm the 

termination of the mother’s parental rights.

I. BACKGROUND FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS.

L.P.-S. was born in 2012 during a child in need of assistance (CINA) case

for one of the mother’s other children. While the mother was pregnant with 

L.P.-S., she admitted to using methamphetamine. At the time of L.P.-S.’s 

premature birth, the mother resided in a residential treatment program. DHS did 

not seek removal of L.P.-S. due to the mother’s placement. 

A CINA adjudication hearing for L.P.-S. took place on May 6, 2013. At the 

proceeding, the mother testified she had a substance abuse history spanning 

twenty years. She has received services from DHS on four separate occasions 

dating back to 2002. Her parental rights were terminated to her two oldest 

children due to her substance abuse, and another child is the subject of a 

separate CINA case. She admitted to using methamphetamine during her 

pregnancy with L.P.-S. The court found the mother lacked proper judgment on 

the persons she associated with and the potential harm they could cause the 

 

1 The father’s parental rights were terminated and he does not appeal. 
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child. The juvenile court found L.P.-S. in need of assistance pursuant to Iowa 

Code sections 232.2(6)(b), (c)(2), and (n) (2013). The court allowed L.P.-S. to 

remain with the mother as long as she resided in the residential treatment 

program. 

A dispositional hearing was held on June 21. The court found the mother 

had done well in the residential treatment program, which included participating 

in substance abuse treatment, attending to the needs of the child, and sobriety. 

The court ordered custody to remain with the mother as long as she resided at 

the residential treatment facility. 

Review hearings were held on November 8, 2013 and May 23, 2014. In 

the spring of 2014, the mother had been discharged from the residential 

treatment facility and immediately relapsed by using marijuana. The mother did 

not report the relapse until she tested positive during an intake screening. The 

court found a “discharge staffing” should have taken place before the mother had 

been released from the facility; though it also found attempts had been made to 

assist the mother with this issue and she had been non-responsive. The court 

noted its concern the mother had received three years of services (including one 

and a half years in residential treatment), and there were no additional services 

that had not already been provided. The court ordered the child to remain with 

the mother subject to DHS supervision. The court also ordered: the mother to 

attend AA/NA meetings, provide random drug screens, notify DHS of any 

individual who may have unsupervised contact with the child, continue with any 

therapy, continue with family supportive services, provide confirmation of AA/NA 

attendance, and complete a relapse prevention/safety plan. 
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A modification order was entered on July 18, placing the child in DHS 

custody. The mother had failed to take the child to protective daycare and also 

admitted to using methamphetamine. The child was placed in foster care. A 

permanency hearing was held on August 8, and the court found the mother had 

provided a positive drug screen on June 23. The mother failed to provide 

additional drug screens prior to the permanency hearing. The court confirmed 

L.P.-S.’s out-of-home placement and ordered ongoing services for the mother. 

The State filed a termination petition on October 17 and an amended 

petition on December 22. The termination hearing was held on January 14 and 

15, 2015. In its termination order, the court noted the mother’s demeanor at the 

proceedings was “erratic,” and her “demeanor was consistent with persons who 

are using illegal substances, and was markedly different than her demeanor in 

prior hearings during the CINA proceedings when she was sober and in active 

recovery.” The court also observed the mother was in an abusive domestic 

relationship, which recently resulted in her wrist being broken. “Mother’s 

testimony continues to show her unsafe lifestyle decisions and lack of insight 

regarding domestic abuse and relationship issues.” “Mother testified she could 

resume custody immediately but her statement is strongly contradicted by the 

documentation or her own demeanor and behavior.” In deciding to terminate the 

mother’s parental rights, the court reasoned:

The child has continuously remained in DHS custody for 

foster care for the past seven months without any trial periods in 

the home. Despite the extensive services offered, parents have not 

corrected the situation that lead to the removal and subsequent 

adjudication. Mother appeared under the influence of illegal 

substances during portions of the termination hearing and admitted 

to recent relapse. . . . The child cannot be returned to the custody 
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of either parent at the present time due to these unresolved issues. 

The State has proven by clear and convincing evidence, that 

grounds exist for the termination of [the mother’s parental rights.] 

The court terminated the mother’s parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code 

sections 232.116(1)(d),(g), and (h). The mother now appeals. 

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW.

Our review of termination decisions is de novo. In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 

40 (Iowa 2010). We give weight to the juvenile court’s findings, especially 

assessing witness credibility, although we are not bound by them. In re D.W.,

791 N.W.2d 703, 706 (Iowa 2010). An order terminating parental rights will be 

upheld if there is clear and convincing evidence of grounds for termination under 

section 232.116. Id. Evidence is “clear and convincing” when there are no 

serious or substantial doubts as to the correctness of the conclusions of law 

drawn from the evidence. Id.

III. DISCUSSION.

Iowa Code chapter 232 termination of parental rights follows a three-step 

analysis. P.L., 778 N.W.2d at 39. The court must first determine whether a 

ground for termination under section 232.116(1) has been established. Id. If a 

ground for termination has been established, the court must apply the bestinterest framework set out in section 232.116(2) to decide if the grounds for 

termination should result in termination of parental rights. Id. Finally, if the 

statutory best-interest framework supports termination of parental rights, the 

court must consider if any of the statutory exceptions set out in section 

232.116(3) weigh against the termination of parental rights. Id.
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A. Grounds for Termination.

When the juvenile court terminates parental rights on more than one 

statutory ground, we may affirm the order on any ground we find supported by 

the record. D.W., 791 N.W.2d at 707. To terminate parental rights under section 

232.116(1)(h), the State must show the child is three years of age or younger, 

has been adjudicated in need of assistance, has been removed from the home 

for a requisite period of time, and the juvenile court could not return the child to 

the parent’s custody at the present time (the time of the termination) pursuant to 

section 232.102. The mother challenges the fourth ground, claiming there was 

not clear and convincing evidence the child could not be returned to her care at 

the time of the termination. Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(h)(4). 

The juvenile court found the child could not be returned to the mother’s 

custody at the time of the termination due to her ongoing issues with substance 

abuse and involvement in domestic violence disputes. We agree. The record 

shows in the weeks before the termination hearing the mother reported she was 

unemployed and living in a domestic violence shelter. She admitted to using 

methamphetamine in December 2014. She also admitted to using alcohol and 

marijuana in January 2015. “Due to the mother’s lack of a stable home, 

employment, unaddressed mental health and substance abuse issues, she is 

unable to resume care of L.P.-S., we find clear and convincing evidence supports 

the termination of the mother’s parental rights.” 

B. Best Interests of the Child.

Even if a statutory ground for termination is met, a decision to terminate 

must still be in the best interests of a child after a review of section 232.116(2). 
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P.L., 778 N.W.2d at 37. In determining the best interests of the child, we give 

primary consideration to “the child's safety, to the best placement for furthering 

the long-term nurturing and growth of the child, and to the physical, mental, and 

emotional conditions and needs of the child.” See Iowa Code § 232.116(2).

The mother claims termination is not in the best interests of the child. For 

the reasons stated by the juvenile court above, we believe it is in the best 

interests of the child to terminate the mother’s parental rights. Additionally,

L.P.-S. is currently residing in foster care, and the foster family has indicated they 

are willing to provide a permanent home for her. L.P.-S. needs permanency now 

and can no longer wait for her mother to provide responsible parenting. See In 

re J.E., 723 N.W.2d 793, 800 (Iowa 2006). We find termination is in the best 

interests of L.P.-S.

C. Closeness of Parent-Child Relationship. 

The mother claims termination would be detrimental due to the closeness 

of her relationship with L.P.-S. pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(3)(c). 

This section allows the court discretion not to terminate parental rights where 

clear and convincing evidence proves that termination would be detrimental to 

the children due to the closeness of a parent-child relationship. The juvenile 

court uses its discretion in this section to determine whether to decline to 

terminate parental rights despite proof of statutory grounds. In re D.S., 806 

N.W.2d 458, 475 (Iowa Ct. App. 2011). The juvenile court observed that it did 

not doubt the mother’s desire to parent L.P.-S., but the mother’s desire was 

outweighed by her ongoing substance abuse issues. The record reveals no 

bond between mother and child sufficient to decline to terminate the mother’s 
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rights. We find the court properly excised its discretion and we agree no 

mitigating factor applies weighing against termination. 

IV. CONCLUSION.

There is clear and convincing evidence that grounds for termination exist 

under section 232.116(1)(h), termination of the mother’s parental rights is in the 

child’s best interests pursuant to section 232.116(2), and no consequential factor 

weighing against termination in section 232.116(3) requires a different 

conclusion. Accordingly, we affirm termination of the mother’s parental rights.

AFFIRMED.