U.S. flag
        An official website of the United States government
          Here’s how you know
        Here’s how you know**Official websites use .gov**
              
              A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
        **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
              
              A **lock** (  A locked padlock
) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. https://www.nist.gov/additive-manufacturing/publications
  Search NIST
    Search
              Menu

      


Close
    Topics
        All Topics
                                                        Advanced communications
                                                        Artificial intelligence
                                                        Bioscience
                                                        Buildings and construction
                                                        Chemistry
                                                        Climate
                                                        Cybersecurity
                                                        Electronics
                                                        EnergyEnvironment
                                                        Fire
                                                        Forensic science
                                                        Health
                                                        Information technology
                                                        Infrastructure
                                                        Manufacturing
                                                        Materials
                                                        Mathematics and statisticsMetrology
                                                        Nanotechnology
                                                        Neutron research
                                                        Performance excellence
                                                        Physics
                                                        Public safety
                                                        Resilience
                                                        Standards
                                                        Transportation
            Publications
            Labs & Major Programs
        Laboratories
                                Communications Technology Laboratory
                                  Engineering Laboratory
                                  Information Technology Laboratory
                                  Material Measurement Laboratory
                                  Physical Measurement LaboratoryUser Facilities
                                NIST Center for Neutron Research
                                  CNST NanoFab
                                                        Research Test Beds
                                                        Research Projects
                                                        Tools & InstrumentsMajor Programs
                                Baldrige Performance Excellence Program
                                  CHIPS for America Initiative
                                  Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)
                                  Office of Advanced Manufacturing
                                  Special Programs Office
                                  Technology Partnerships Office
            Services & Resources
        Standards and Measurements
                                Calibration Services
                                  Laboratory Accreditation (NVLAP)
                                  Quality System
                                  Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)
                                  Standards.gov
                                  Time Services
                                  Office of Weights and MeasuresSoftware
                                                        Data
                                Chemistry WebBook
                                  National Vulnerability Database
                                  Physical Reference Data
                                  Standard Reference Data (SRD)
                                                        Storefront
                                                        License & PatentsComputer Security Resource Center (CSRC)
                                                        NIST Research Library
            News & Events
        News
                                                        Events
                                                        Blogs
                                                        Feature Stories
                                                        AwardsVideo Gallery
                                                        Image Gallery
                                                        Media Contacts
            About NIST
        About Us
                                Leadership
                                  Organization Structure
                                  Budget & Planning
                                                        Contact Us
                                                        Visit
                                                        Careers
                                Student programsWork with NIST
                                                        History
                                NIST Digital Archives
                                  NIST Museum
                                  NIST and the Nobel
                                                        Educational Resources
 
 Manufacturing
      Additive manufacturing
    
      
  Publications
          Workshops and Roadmaps
                            Expand or Collapse
          Roadmap for Metal-Based Additive Manufacturing
                      Roadmap for Polymer-Based Additive Manufacturing
          Resources
                            Expand or Collapse
          SRD Materials Data Program
                      Additive Manufacturing Test Artifact
                      Additive Manufacturing Benchmark Test Series (AM-BENCH)
          Programs & Projects
          FAQs
          Tools & InstrumentsAM Publications

Share
  Facebook
                      Linkedin
                      Twitter
                      Email

**Journal Papers**Lane, Brandon M.; Moylan, Shawn P. P.; Whitenton, Eric P.; Ma, Li; “Thermographic Measurements of the Commercial Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process at NIST,” *Rapid Prototyping Journal*, v22, n5, 2016.S.P. Moylan, C.U. Brown, J.A. Slotwinski, “Recommended Protocols for Round Robin Studies in Additive Manufacturing,” *ASTM Journal of Testing and Evaluation*, v44, n2, 2016.Lopez, Felipe F.; Witherell, Paul W. (2016); Lane, Brandon M.; “Identifying uncertainty in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing models,” *Journal of Mechanical Design,*v138, 2016.Kim, Felix H.; Penumadu, D.; Patel, P.; Xiao, X.; Garboczi, E. J.; Moylan, Shawn P. P.; Donmez, M A; “Synchrotron 4-dimensional imaging of two-phase flow through porous media,” *Journal of Materials Research*, 2016.Jacob, Gregor, Donmez, M Alkan A., Moylan, Shawn P., Slotwinski, John A., “Measurement of powder bed density in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing processes,” *Journal of* *Measurement Science and Technology*, 2016.Brown, Christopher U.; Jacob, Gregor; Stoudt, Mark R. R. Dr.; Moylan, Shawn P. P.; Slotwinski, John A.; Donmez, M A.;  “Interlaboratory study for nickel alloy 625 made by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing to assess mechanical property variability,” *JOM Journal of the Minerals Metals and Materials Society*, v25, 2016.Ameta, Gaurav; Witherell, Paul W.; Lipman, Robert R. R. ; Moylan, Shawn P. P.;  “Investigating the Role of Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing in Additive Manufacturing,” *Journal of Mechanical Design-Transactions of the ASME*, v137, 2015.S.P. Moylan, J.A. Slotwinski, A.L. Cooke, K.L. Jurrens, M.A. Donmez, "An additive manufacturing test artifact," *NIST Journal of Research*, v119, 2014.Shaw Feng, Paul Witherell, Gaurav Ameta, Duck Bong Kim, “Activity Model for Homogenization of Data Sets in Laser-based Powder Bed Fusion,” *Rapid Prototyping Journal*, 2017.Duck Bong Kim, Paul Witherell, Robert Lipman, and Shaw Feng, “Streamlining the Additive Manufacturing Digital Spectrum: A Systems Approach,” *Additive Manufacturing*, Vol. 5, 20-30, 2015.Paul Witherell, Shaw Feng, Timothy W. Simpson, David B. Saint John, Pan Michaleris, Zi-Kui Liu, Long-Qing Chen, Rich Martukanitz, “Towards Metamodels for Composable and Reusable Additive Manufacturing Process Models,” *Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering*, December 2014.**Conference Proceedings**Fox, Jason C.; Lopez, Felipe F.; Lane, Brandon M.; Yeung, Ho; Grantham, Steven E.; “On the Requirements for Model-Based Thermal Control of Melt Pool Geometry in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing,” Proceedings of the 2016 Material Science & Technology Conference, 2016.Lopez, Felipe F.; Witherell, Paul W.; Lane, Brandon M.; “Identifying uncertainty in Laser Powder Bed Fusion models,” Proceedings of the ASME 2016 Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference (MSEC2016), 2016.Ameta, Gaurav; Moylan, Shawn P. P.; Witherell, Paul W.; “CHALLENGES IN TOLERANCE TRANSFER FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING,” ASPE Topical Meeting, 2016.Whitenton, Eric P., Lane, Brandon M., Heigel, Jarred C., Moylan, Shawn P., “Assessing the use of an infrared spectrum hyperpixel array imager to measure temperature during additive and subtractive manufacturing,” Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 9861 Thermosense: Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVIII, Baltimore, MD, US, 04/18/2016 to 04/21/2016.Lane, Brandon M., Whitenton, Eric P., Moylan, Shawn P., “Multiple Sensor Detection of Process Phenomena in Laser Powder Bed Fusion,” Proceedings of the SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, Baltimore, MD, US, 04/18/2016 to 04/21/2016.McGlauflin, Michael Leigh L., Moylan, Shawn P., “Powder Bed Layer Geometry,” Proceedings of the 2016 ASPE Summer Topical Meeting: Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Finish in Additive Manufacturing, Raleigh, NC, US, June 27 – 30, 2016.Fox, Jason C., Moylan, Shawn P., Lane, Brandon M., “Preliminary Study Toward Surface Texture as a Process Signature in Laser Powder Bed Fustion Additive Manufacturing,” Proceedings of the 2016 ASPE Summer Topical Meeting: Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Finish in Additive Manufacturing, Raleigh, NC, US, June 27 – 30, 2016.Kim, Felix H., Villarraga-Gomez, Herminso, Moylan, Shawn P. (2016), “Inspection of embedded internal features in additively manufactured metal parts using metrological x-ray computed tomography,” Proceedings of the 2016 ASPE Summer Topical Meeting: Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Finish in Additive Manufacturing, Raleigh, NC, US, June 27 – 30, 2016.Whiting, Justin G.; Fox, Jason C.; “Characterization of Feedstock in the Powder Bed Fusion Process: Sources of Variation in Particle Size Distribution and the Factors that Influence them,” Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, 2016.Fox, Jason C., Moylan, Shawn P., Lane, Brandon M., “Effect of process parameters on the surface roughness of overhanging structures in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing,” 3rd CIRP Conference on Surface Integrity (CIRP CSI), Charlotte, NC, US, June 8 – 10, 2016.Moylan, Shawn P. P.; Land, Joshua; Possolo, Antonio M.; “Additive Manufacturing Round Robin Protocols: A Pilot Study,” Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, 2015.Lane, Brandon M., Moylan, Shawn P., Whitenton, Eric P., Ma, Li, “Thermographic Measurements of the Commercial Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process at NIST,” Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, 2015.Vlasea, Mihaela L.; Lane, Brandon M.; Lopez, Felipe F.; Mekhontsev, Sergey; Donmez, M Alkan A.; “Development of powder bed fusion additive manufacturing test bed for enhanced real time process control,” Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, 2015.Ameta, Gaurav; Lipman, Robert R. R.; Witherell, Paul W.; Moylan, Shawn P. P.; “Tolerance Specification and Related Issues for Additively Manufactured Products,” Proceedings of the ASME 2015 Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE), 2015.Lane, Brandon M.; Moylan, Shawn P. P.; Whitenton, Eric P.; “Post-process machining of additive manufactured stainless steel,” Proceedings of the 2015 ASPE Spring Topical Meeting: Achieving Precision Tolerances in Additive Manufacturing, 2015.T.H. Gnaeupel-Herold, J.A. Slotwinski, S.P. Moylan, "Neutron measurements of stresses in a test artifact produced by laser-based additive manufacturing," AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1581, 2014.S.P. Moylan, J.A. Slotwinski, "Assessment of Guidelines for conducting round robin studies in additive manufacturing," Proceedings of ASPE 2014 Spring Topical Meeting – Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Finish in Additive Manufacturing, Berkeley, CA, April 14-16, 2014.S.P. Moylan, J. Drescher, M.A. Donmez, "Powder bed fusion machine performance testing," Proceedings of ASPE 2014 Spring Topical Meeting - Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Finish in Additive Manufacturing, Berkeley, CA, April 14-16, 2014.M. Bauza, S.P. Moylan, R. Panas, S. Burke, H. Martz, J.S. Taylor, P. Alexander, R. Knebel, "Study of accuracy of parts produced using additive manufacturing," Proceedings of ASPE 2014 Spring Topical Meeting - Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Finish in Additive Manufacturing, Berkeley, CA, April 14-16, 2014.J.A. Slotwinski, S.P. Moylan, "Metals-based additive manufacturing: Metrology needs and standardization efforts," Proceedings of ASPE 2014 Spring Topical Meeting - Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Finish in Additive Manufacturing, Berkeley, CA, April 14-16, 2014.S.P. Moylan, E.P. Whitenton, B.M. Lane, "Infrared thermography for laser-based powder fusion additive manufacturing processes," Proceedings of the 40th Annual review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Baltimore, MD, United States, June 22-26, 2013.S.P. Moylan, A.L. Cooke, K.K. Jurrens, J.A. Slotwinski, and M.A. Donmez,"Proposal for a standardized test artifact for additive manufacturing machines and processes," Proceedings of the 23rdInternational Solid Free Form Symposium – An Additive Manufacturing Conference, Austin, TX, USA, August 2012.A.L. Cooke and S.P. Moylan, “Process Intermittent Measurement for Powder-Bed Based Additive Manufacturing,” 22nd International SFF Symposium—An Additive Manufacturing Conference, Austin, TX, USA, August 8-10, 2011, pp. 1-18, 2011.Paul Witherell, Yan Lu, Al Jones, "Additive manufacturing: A trans-disciplinary experience," In Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Complex Systems, pp. 145-175. Springer International Publishing, 2017.Ibrahim Assouroko, Felipe Lopez, Paul Witherell, “A Method for Characterizing Model Fidelity in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing,” ASME IMECE 2016, Phoenix, AZ, November 2016.Byeong Min Roh, Timothy Simpson, Soundar Kumara, Ibrahim Assouroko, Paul Witherell, “Ontology-based Laser and Thermal Metamodels for Metal-based Additive Manufacturing,” ASME IDETC/ CIE, Charlotte, NC, August 2016.Yan Lu, Paul Witherell, Felipe Lopez, Ibrahim Assouroko, “Digital Solutions for Integrated and Collaborative Additive Manufacturing,” ASME IDETC/ CIE, Charlotte, NC, August 2016.Paul Witherell, Jennifer Herron, Gaurav Ameta, “Toward Annotations and Product Definitions for Additive Manufacturing,” CIRP CAT, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 2016.Yan Lu, Sangsu Choi, Paul Witherell, “Towards an Integrated Data Schema Design for Additive Manufacturing: Conceptual Modeling,” 2015 CIE/IDETC, Boston, MA, August 2015.Robert Lipman, Jeremy McFarlane, “Exploring Model-Based Engineering Concepts for Additive Manufacturing,” 2015 SFF, Austin, TX, August 2015.Feng, Shaw C C.; Witherell, Paul W.; Ameta, Gaurav; Kim, Duck B.; “Fundamental Requirements for Data Representations in Laser-based Powder Bed Fusion,” Proceedings of the 2015 Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, 2015.Witherell, Paul W.; Feng, Shaw C C.; Simpson, Timothy; “Toward Metamodels for Composable and Reusable Additive Manufacturing Process Models,” ASME 2014 International Design and Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, 2014.**Other NIST Publications/Reports**Brown, Christopher U.; Jacob, Gregor; Stoudt, Mark R. R. Dr.; Possolo, Antonio M.; Moylan, Shawn P. P.; Donmez, M A.; “Supplementary information for a round robin study of additively manufactured nickel alloy (IN625) tension specimens,” NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) 8100, 2015.Mani, Mahesh; Lane, Brandon M.; Donmez, M A.; Feng, Shaw C C. ; Moylan, Shawn P. P. ; Fesperman Jr., Ronnie R.; “Measurement Science Needs for Real-time Control of Additive Manufacturing Powder Bed Fusion Processes,” NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) 8036, 2015.J.A. Slotwinski, S.P. Moylan, "Applicability of existing materials testing standards for additive manufacturing," NISTIR 8005, 2014.S.P. Moylan, A.L. Cooke, K.K. Jurrens, J.A. Slotwinski, and M.A. Donmez, “A Review of Test Artifacts for Additive Manufacturing,” NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) 7858, May 2012.J.A. Slotwinski, A.L. Cooke, and S.P. Moylan, “Mechanical Properties Testing for Metal Parts Made via Additive Manufacturing: A Review of the State of the Art of Mechanical Property Testing,” NIST Interagency/Internal Report 7847, 2012.S.P. Moylan, J. A. Slotwinski, A.L. Cooke, K.K. Jurrens, M.A. Donmez, "Lessons Learned in Establishing the NIST Metal Additive Manufacturing Laboratory," NIST TN 1801, June 2013.
  Manufacturing and Additive manufacturing

    
    Contacts
      
        

M Alkan Donmez
    
      
  alkan.donmez@nist.gov
  (301) 975-6618

  Paul Witherell
    
      
  paul.witherell@nist.gov
  (301) 975-3385

Created February 15, 2017, Updated April 5, 2022
 HEADQUARTERS
            100 Bureau Drive
              Gaithersburg, MD 20899301-975-2000
            Webmaster | Contact Us | Our Other Offices
        Twitter
            
Facebook
            
LinkedIn
            
Instagram
            
YouTube
            
Giphy
            
RSS Feed
            
Mailing List
                              How are we doing? Feedback

  
  Site Privacy
                      Accessibility
                      Privacy Program
                      Copyrights
                      Vulnerability Disclosure
                      No Fear Act Policy
                      FOIA
                      Environmental Policy
                      Scientific Integrity
                      Information Quality Standards
                      Commerce.gov
                      Science.gov
                      USA.gov
                      Vote.gov