FILED

COURT OF APPEALS

DIVIS10tq II

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

2015 JUL 21 AP! 9: 28

DIVISION II

STATE OF WASHINGTON, 

Respondent, 

V. 

FRANK ANTHONY BARBARO, 

I1

STi

No. 46222 -2 -IIBy

UNPUBLISHED OPINI

MELNICK, J. — Frank Anthony Barbaro appeals his conviction of unlawful possession of

a firearm in the first degree, arguing that the trial court abused its discretion by denying his motion

for a continuance and that this ruling violated his due process and Sixth Amendment rights. 

Because Barbaro does not show that the trial court abused its discretion or that its ruling resulted

in prejudice, we affirm the conviction. 

FACTS

When Barbaro tried to pawn a rifle on November 30, 2013, the pawn shop declined the

pawn. Police Sergeant Adam Seig was in the pawnshop at the time and followed Barbaro, outside

and questioned him. Barbaro admitted that he was a convicted felon and that he knew he could

not have the rifle. Seig arrested Barbaro and seized the rifle. 

The State charged Barbaro with unlawful possession of a firearm in the first degree and

unlawful possession of a controlled substance based on methamphetamine found after his arrest. 

He pleaded not guilty on December 17, and the trial court set the trial to begin the week ofFebruary

3, 2014. On February 5, the parties moved to continue the trial date to allow additional time for

testing the rifle. The trial court set the trial to begin the week ofApril 14. 
46222 -2 -II

The State then filed a motion in limine to preclude Barbaro from arguing that he did not

know the rifle was an operable firearm. At an April 9 status hearing, defense counsel asked for a

one-week continuance of the trial date to give him time to research and brief the State' s motion. 

The trial court continued the trial one week and scheduled the State' s motion for hearing on April

14. In a written response to the State' s motion, defense counsel argued that Barbaro' s defense to

the firearm charge was that he believed he possessed a replica gun that was merely a collector' s

piece. 

During the April 14 hearing, the State argued that Barbaro' s proposed defense was

controlled by State v. Releford, 148 Wn. App. 478, 200 P. 3d 729 ( 2009). The Releford court

rejected the argument that a conviction for unlawful possession of a firearm requires proof that the

defendant knew not only that he possessed a firearm but also that the weapon was a firearm under

Washington law; i.e., that it could be rendered operational in a reasonable time and with reasonable

effort. 148 Wn. App. at 495- 96. Releford also involved the possession of a replica firearm. 148

Wn. App. at 484. 

Defense counsel responded that Barbaro should be able to argue that he did not know that

the replica firearm was operational and therefore illegal for him to possess. Defense counsel added

that ifthe court granted the State' s motion, there would be no trial because Barbaro did not dispute

he possessed the rifle. The trial court ruled that Releford controlled and that the State did not have

to prove that Barbaro knew the weapon he possessed was operable. 

On April 16, Barbaro asked the court to continue the trial to the week of May 5. His

attorney explained that the court' s ruling had precluded him from presenting the defense that he

planned to pursue and that he and Barbaro needed some time "to digest what this trial would look

like should the case proceed to trial." Report of Proceedings ( Apr. 16, 2014) at 5- 6. The State

F) 
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opposed the continuance, explaining that its witnesses were ready after adjusting their schedules

to accommodate the previous continuance. The State also noted that there were no developments

that defense counsel could not have foreseen. The trial court denied the continuance. 

On the first day of trial, Barbaro pleaded guilty to the drug charge. He also stipulated to a

prior serious offense. Sergeant Seig then testified to the facts set forth above, and Detective Keith

Mercer testified that he witnessed the rifle' s successful test firing. He acknowledged, however, 

that the rifle would not fire until the hammer was properly positioned. Officer Robert Cecil then

explained that although the rifle was a replica muzzleloader, it would not fire without modification. 

He also stated that the rifle did not fire until he figured out how to position the hammer. 

After the jury found Barbaro guilty, the trial court imposed a prison -based drug offender

alternative sentence.' Barbaro appeals. 

ANALYSIS

Barbaro argues that the trial court abused its discretion by denying his motion to continue

the trial to the week of May 5. We disagree. 

The decision to deny a continuance rests within the sound discretion ofthe trial court. State

v. Downing, 151 Wn.2d 265, 272, 87 P. 3d 1169 ( 2004). We review such a decision for abuse of

discretion and will not disturb it unless the appellant shows that the trial court' s exercise of decision

was manifestly unreasonable or based on untenable grounds. Downing, 151 Wn.2d at 272- 73. 

Barbaro maintains that the trial court' s denial of a continuance violated his due process and

Sixth Amendment rights by denying him and his attorney adequate time to consult and to prepare

for trial. See State v. Sain, 34 Wn. App. 553, 558, 663 P. 2d 493 ( 1983) ( constitutional right to

assistance of counsel includes time for consultation and preparation, the denial of which violates

1 RCW 9. 94A.660. 
46222 -2 -II

due process). Whether the denial of a continuance constitutes a constitutional violation requires a

case- by- case inquiry. Downing, 151 Wn.2d at 275. 

The factors that a trial court may consider in ruling on a motion for a continuance include

surprise, diligence, redundancy, due process, materiality, and maintenance of orderly procedure." 

Downing, 151 Wn.2d at 273. A party establishes that the trial court abused its discretion in denying

a continuance by showing " that the accused has been prejudiced and/ or that the result of the trial

would likely have been different had the continuance not been denied." State v. Eller, 84 Wn.2d

90, 95, 524 P. 2d 242 ( 1974). 

To find Barbaro guilty of unlawful possession of a firearm in the first degree, the jury had

to find that he knowingly had a firearm in his possession or control, that he had previously been

convicted of a serious offense, and that the firearm possession occurred in Washington. The trial

court further instructed the jury that a firearm " is a weapon or device from which a projectile may

be fired by an explosive such as gun powder and which can be rendered operable with reasonable

effort and within a reasonable time period." RP ( Apr. 21, 2014) at 214- 15. 

The only issue at trial related to the operability of the rifle. Defense counsel closely cross

examined the State' s witnesses about the rifle' s test firing and focused his closing argument on the

theory that the gun malfunctioned during testing and was not operable. In arguing on appeal that

defense counsel needed more time to prepare a defense, Barbaro does not explain what other

defense, if any, was available. Consequently, he does not show prejudice from the denial of the

continuance. He also fails to show that the trial result would have differed had the continuance

been granted. The trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying the continuance. 

0
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We affirm the judgment and sentence. 

A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the

Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW 2.06.040, 

it is so ordered. 

We concur: 

Johanson, C.J. 

5

a

Melnick, J.