formrrathird.htm


Exhibit 10.31







IDEAL POWER INC.


 


REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT







 


This REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of July 29, 2013, is made and entered into by and between Ideal Power Inc., a Delaware corporation with headquarters located at5004 Bee Creek Road, Suite 600 Spicewood, Texas 78669 (the “Company”), and each of the purchasers set forth on the signature pages hereto (the “Purchasers”).


 


WHEREAS, in connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement by and among the parties hereto of even date herewith (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), the Company has agreed, upon the terms and subject to the conditions contained therein, to issue and sell to the Purchasers:  (i) Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes for an aggregate purchase price of $750,000 which, together with the Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes issued by the Company on August 31, 2012 for an aggregate purchase price of $750,000 and the Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes issued by the Company on November 21, 2012 for an aggregate purchase price of $3,250,000, shall be referred to in this Agreement as the “Notes”, and (ii) warrants to purchase shares of the Company's common stock, $0.001 par value ( the “Common Stock”) of the Company (the “Warrants”); and







WHEREAS, in order to induce the Purchasers to execute and deliver the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed to provide certain registration rights under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder, or any similar successor statute (collectively, the “Securities Act”), and applicable state securities laws.


 


NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser hereby agree as follows:


 


1.           Definitions.


 


As used in this Agreement, the following capitalized terms shall have the following meanings.  Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement.


 


(a)           “Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or a federal holiday.


 


(b)           “Closing Date” shall have the meaning set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement.


 


(c)           “Effectiveness Deadline” means (i) with respect to any Registration Statement required to be filed pursuant to Section 2(a), 90 days after the Filing Deadline for such initial Registration Statement, and (ii) with respect to any additional Registration Statements that may be required to be filed by the Company pursuant to this Agreement, the earlier of the (A) 90th calendar day following the date on which the Company was required to file such additional Registration Statement and (B) 2nd Business Day after the date the Company is notified (orally or in writing, whichever is earlier) by the SEC that such Registration Statement will not be reviewed or will not be subject to further review.


 


(d)           “Filing Deadline” means (i) with respect to any Registration Statement required to be filed pursuant to Section 2(a), within 60 days after receipt of a written request from the Required Holders pursuant to Section 2(a), and (ii) with respect to any additional Registration Statements that may be required to be filed by the Company pursuant to this Agreement, the date on which the Company was required to file such additional Registration Statement pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.







(e)           “Person” means an individual, a limited liability company, a partnership, a joint venture, a corporation, a trust, an unincorporated organization or a government or any department or agency thereof.






  





  











  











(f)           “Purchasers” means the Purchasers and any transferee or assignee who agrees to become bound by the provisions of this Agreement in accordance with Section 9 hereof.


 


(g)           “register,” “registered,” and “registration” refer to a registration effected by preparing and filing a Registration Statement or Statements in compliance with the Securities Act and pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act or any successor rule providing for offering securities on a continuous basis (“Rule 415”), and the declaration or ordering of effectiveness of such Registration Statement by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”); provided, however, if the Required Holders in good faith determine that under applicable SEC interpretations, rules or policies a Rule 415 registration would not, in light of the circumstances of the Company or the proposed offering, permit the resale of all of the Registrable Securities immediately after effectiveness, or material limitations would be imposed on any such resale, then the registration shall be on Form S-1 or such other form that permits the maximum ability of holders of Registrable Securities to effectuate an unrestricted resale of such securities.







(h)           “Registrable Securities” means (i) the Common Stock into which the Principal Amount, together with any accrued interest and any other amounts payable under the Notes may be converted and (ii) the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise or otherwise pursuant to the Warrants (without regard to any limitations on exercise set forth therein) (the "Warrant Shares"), and (iii) any shares of capital stock issued or issuable in exchange for or otherwise with respect to the foregoing.







(i)           “Registration Statement” means a registration statement of the Company under the Securities Act which the Company may or is obligated to file hereunder.


 


(j)           “Required Holders” means the holders of at least a majority of the Registrable Securities (excluding any Registrable Securities held by the Company or any of its subsidiaries) holding Notes with an aggregate minimum Principal Amount of $3 million.


 


(k)           “Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any other similar or successor rule or regulation of the SEC that may at any time permit the Purchasers to sell securities of the Company to the public without registration.







(l)           “Rule 415” means Rule 415 promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any other similar or successor rule or regulation of the SEC providing for offering securities on a continuous or delayed basis.


 


(m)           “SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor thereto.







2.           Registration.







(a)           Mandatory Registration.  Subject to the terms and conditions, and in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 and Section 4 hereof, at any time after the Closing Date through July 29, 2014, if the Company shall receive a written request from the Required Holders that the Company file a registration statement under the Securities Act covering the registration of at least 25% of the Registrable Securities then outstanding, then the Company shall, within 30 days of the receipt thereof, give written notice of such request to the remaining Purchasers, and subject to the limitations of this Section 2, prepare and, as soon as practicable, but in no event later than the Filing Deadline, file with the SEC an initial Registration Statement on Form S-1 covering the resale of all of such Registrable Securities.  Such initial Registration Statement, and each other Registration Statement required to be filed pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, shall contain (except if otherwise directed by the Required Holders) the “Selling Shareholders” and “Plan of Distribution” sections in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit 1.  The Company shall use reasonable best efforts to have such initial Registration Statement, and each other Registration Statement required to be filed pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, declared effective by the SEC as soon as practicable, but in no event later than the applicable Effectiveness Deadline for such Registration Statement.








  





  











  











(b)           Piggy-Back Registrations.  Subject to the terms and conditions, and in accordance with the provisions of Section 4 hereof, in the event that all Registrable Securities are not registered for resale, should the Company at any time prior to the expiration of the Registration Period (as hereinafter defined), determine to file with the SEC a Registration Statement relating to an offering for its own account or the account of others under the Securities Act of any of its equity securities (other than on Form S-4 or Form S-8 or their then equivalents relating to equity securities to be issued solely in connection with any acquisition of any entity or business or equity securities issuable in connection with stock option or other bona fide employee benefit plans), the Company shall send to each Purchaser who is entitled to registration rights under this Section 2(b) written notice of such determination and, if within 20 days after the effective date of such notice (as provided for in Section 11(b) hereof), such Purchaser shall so request in writing, the Company shall include in such Registration Statement all or any part of the Registrable Securities such Purchaser requests to be registered.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Company may withdraw any registration statement referred to in this Section 2(b) without incurring any liability to the Purchasers.







(c)           Offering. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, in the event the staff of the SEC (the “Staff”) or the SEC seeks to characterize any offering pursuant to a Registration Statement filed pursuant to this Agreement as constituting an offering of securities by, or on behalf of, the Company, or in any other manner, such that the Staff or the SEC do not permit such Registration Statement to become effective and used for resales in a manner that does not constitute such an offering and that permits the continuous resale at the market by the Purchasers participating therein (or as otherwise may be acceptable to each Purchaser) without being named therein as an “underwriter,” then the Company shall reduce the number of shares to be included in such Registration Statement by all Purchasers until such time as the Staff and the SEC shall so permit such Registration Statement to become effective as aforesaid.  In making such reduction, the Company shall reduce the number of shares to be included by all Purchasers on a pro rata basis (based upon the number of Registrable Securities otherwise required to be included for each Purchaser) unless the inclusion of shares by a particular Purchaser or a particular set of Purchasers are resulting in the Staff or the SEC’s “by or on behalf of the Company” offering position, in which event the shares held by such Purchaser or set of Purchasers shall be the only shares subject to reduction (and if by a set of Purchasers on a pro rata basis by such Purchasers or on such other basis as would result in the exclusion of the least number of shares by all such Purchasers); provided, that, with respect to such pro rata portion allocated to any Purchaser, such Purchaser may elect the allocation of such pro rata portion among the Registrable Securities of such Purchaser.  In addition, in the event that the Staff or the SEC requires any Purchaser seeking to sell securities under a Registration Statement filed pursuant to this Agreement to be specifically identified as an “underwriter” in order to permit such Registration Statement to become effective, and such Purchaser does not consent to being so named as an underwriter in such Registration Statement, then, in each such case, the Company shall reduce the total number of Registrable Securities to be registered on behalf of such Purchaser, until such time as the Staff or the SEC does not require such identification or until such Purchaser accepts such identification and the manner thereof.


 


(d)           Allocation of Registrable Securities. The initial number of Registrable Securities included in any Registration Statement and any increase in the number of Registrable Securities included therein shall be allocated pro rata among the Purchasers based on the number of Registrable Securities held by each Purchaser at the time such Registration Statement covering such initial number of Registrable Securities or increase thereof is declared effective by the SEC.  In the event that a Purchaser sells or otherwise transfers any of such Purchaser’s Registrable Securities, each transferee or assignee (as the case may be) that becomes an Purchaser shall be allocated a pro rata portion of the then-remaining number of Registrable Securities included in such Registration Statement for such transferor or assignee (as the case may be). Any shares of Common Stock included in a Registration Statement and which remain allocated to any Person which ceases to hold any Registrable Securities covered by such Registration Statement shall be allocated to the remaining Purchasers, pro rata based on the number of Registrable Securities then held by such Purchasers which are covered by such Registration Statement.


 


(e)           No Inclusion of Other Securities.  With the exception of any Registrable Securities that result from the offerings of senior secured convertible promissory notes together with warrants that the Company closed on August 31, 2012 and November 21, 2012, in no event shall the Company include any securities other than Registrable Securities on any Registration Statement without the prior written consent of the Required Holders.  Until July ____, 2014, the Company shall not enter into any agreement providing any registration rights to any of its security holders without the consent of the Required Holders.


 




  





  











  











(f)           Termination.  All registration rights under this Section 2 shall terminate and be of no further force and effect upon repayment of the Notes (with respect to each Note); provided, however, that if the Warrant Shares are not registered prior to the termination of the registration rights, then the Purchaser will have the right to require the Company to purchase the Warrant in accordance with Section 13 of the Warrant (the "Put Right").  The Put Right will expire 12 months from the termination of the registration rights in accordance with this Section 2(f).







(g)           Late Fees. If for any reason the Company does not file a registration statement by the Filing Deadline ("Filing Default") or if for any reason it is unable to have that registration statement declared effective by the SEC as of the Effectiveness Deadline ("Effectiveness Default"), then the Company shall pay promptly an amount that is determined by (A) multiplying (i) the amount of the Offering, by (ii) 0.03, and then (iii) dividing by 30, followed by (B) multiplying the result by the number of elapsed days needed to cure the Filing Default or the Effectiveness Default. By way of example if the Company cured the Filing Default or the Effectiveness Default 10 days after the Filing Deadline or 10 days after the Effectiveness Deadline, then it would be required to pay the Purchasers as a group an aggregate of $5,000, according to their respective interests, no later than the earlier of (x) 10 business days after cure of the Filing Default or of the Effectiveness Default, or (ii) 10 business days after the month in which the Filing Default or the Effectiveness Default has occurred.







3.           Obligations of the Company.  In connection with the registration of the Registrable Securities, the Company shall have the following obligations:


 


(a)           On or prior to the Filing Deadline the Company will use reasonable best efforts to become a publicly traded and publicly reporting company under both the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and will use reasonable best efforts to file a Registration Statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on Form S-1 covering the registration of Common Stock of the Company, including the Registrable Securities, on or prior to the Filing Deadline and shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause such Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC as soon as practicable after such filing (but in no event later than the Effectiveness Date), and the Company shall take all such other actions associated with being a publicly traded company, including filing an application for listing the Common Stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market or such other exchange as agreed to by the Company and the underwriter.  Subject to Allowable Grace Periods, upon effectiveness, the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to keep such Registration Statement effective pursuant to Rule 415 at all times until such date as is the earlier of:  (i) the date on which all of the Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement have been sold and (ii) the date on which the Registrable Securities (in the opinion of counsel to the Purchasers reasonably acceptable to the Company) may be immediately sold to the public by non-affiliates without registration or restriction (including, without limitation, as to volume by each holder thereof) under the Securities Act (the “Registration Period”).  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Company shall ensure that, when filed and at all times while effective, each Registration Statement (including, without limitation, all amendments and supplements thereto) and the prospectus (including, without limitation, all amendments and supplements thereto) used in connection with such Registration Statement (1) shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein, or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of prospectuses, in the light of the circumstances in which they were made) not misleading and (2) will disclose (whether directly or through incorporation by reference to other SEC filings to the extent permitted) all material information regarding the Company and its securities. The Company shall submit to the SEC, within one Business Day after the later of the date that (i) the Company learns that no review of a particular Registration Statement will be made by the Staff or that the Staff has no further comments on a particular Registration Statement (as the case may be) and (ii) the consent of Legal Counsel is obtained pursuant to Section 3(c) (which consent shall be immediately sought), a request for acceleration of effectiveness of such Registration Statement to a time and date not later than 48 hours after the submission of such request.






  





  











  











(b)           The Company shall use reasonable best efforts to prepare and file with the SEC such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to the Registration Statements and the prospectus used in connection with the Registration Statements, which prospectus is to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 promulgated under the Securities Act, as may be necessary to keep the Registration Statements effective at all times during the Registration Period, and, during such period, comply with the provisions of the Securities Act with respect to the disposition of all Registrable Securities of the Company covered by the Registration Statements; provided, however, by 8:30 a.m. (New York time) on the Business Day immediately following each Effective Date, the Company shall file with the SEC in accordance with Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act the final prospectus to be used in connection with sales pursuant to the applicable Registration Statement (whether or not such a prospectus is technically required by such rule).







(c)           If requested by a Purchaser, the Company shall furnish to each Purchaser whose Registrable Securities are included in a Registration Statement promptly (but in no event more than two business days) after the Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC, such number of copies of a final prospectus and all amendments and supplements thereto and such other documents as such Purchaser may reasonably request in order to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities owned by such Purchaser.  The Company will promptly notify each Purchaser of the effectiveness of each Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment.  The Company will, as promptly as reasonably practical, respond to any and all comments received from the SEC (which comments relating to such Registration Statement that pertain to the Purchasers as “Selling Shareholders” shall promptly be made available to the Purchasers upon request; provided that, the Company shall not be obligated to make available any comments that would result in the disclosure to the Purchasers of material and non-public information concerning the Company or that contain information for which the Company has sought confidential treatment), with a view towards causing each Registration Statement or any amendment thereto to be declared effective by the SEC as soon as practicable, shall promptly file an acceleration request as soon as practicable following the resolution or clearance of all SEC comments or, if applicable, following notification by the SEC that any such Registration Statement or any amendment thereto will not be subject to review and, if required by law, shall promptly file with the SEC a final prospectus as soon as practicable following receipt by the Company from the SEC of an order declaring the Registration Statement effective.







(d)           The Company shall use reasonable best efforts to:  (i) register and qualify the Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statements under such other securities or “blue sky” laws of such jurisdictions in the United States as the Purchasers who hold a majority-in-interest of the Registrable Securities being offered reasonably request (not to exceed 10 states), (ii) prepare and file in those jurisdictions such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to such registrations and qualifications as may be necessary to maintain the effectiveness thereof during the Registration Period, (iii) take such other actions as may be necessary to maintain such registrations and qualifications in effect at all times during the Registration Period, and (iv) take all other actions reasonably necessary or advisable to qualify the Registrable Securities for sale in such jurisdictions; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith or as a condition thereto to:  (a) qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Section 3(d), (b) subject itself to general taxation in any such jurisdiction, (c) file a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction, (d) provide any undertakings that cause the Company undue expense or burden, or (e) make any change in its charter or bylaws, which in each case the Board of Directors of the Company determines to be contrary to the best interests of the Company and its shareholders.







(e)           The Company shall promptly notify each Purchaser (i) when a prospectus or any prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment has been filed, when a Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment has become effective, and when the Company receives written notice from the SEC that a Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment will be reviewed by the SEC, (ii) of any request by the SEC for amendments or supplements to a Registration Statement or related prospectus or related information, (iii) of the Company’s reasonable determination that a post-effective amendment to a Registration Statement would be appropriate; and (iv) of the receipt of any request by the SEC or any other federal or state governmental authority for any additional information relating to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement thereto or any related prospectus. The Company shall respond as promptly as practicable to any comments received from the SEC with respect to each Registration Statement or any amendment thereto.


 




  





  











  











(f)           The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or other suspension of effectiveness of any Registration Statement, and, if such an order is issued, to obtain the withdrawal of such order at the earliest possible moment and to notify each Purchaser who holds Registrable Securities being sold (or, in the event of an underwritten offering, the managing underwriters) of the issuance of such order and the resolution thereof.







(g)           The sections of such Registration Statement covering information with respect to the Purchasers, the Purchaser’s beneficial ownership of securities of the Company or the Purchasers intended method of disposition of Registrable Securities shall conform to the information provided to the Company by each of the Purchasers.


 


(h)           In connection with an underwritten offering only, at the request of the Required Holders, the Company shall furnish, on the date that Registrable Securities are delivered to an underwriter for sale in connection with any Registration Statement:  (i) an opinion, dated as of such date, from counsel representing the Company for purposes of such Registration Statement, in form, scope and substance as is customarily given in an underwritten public offering, addressed to the underwriters, if any, and the Purchasers and (ii) a letter, dated such date, from the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm in form and substance as is customarily given by independent certified public accountants to underwriters in an underwritten public offering, addressed to the underwriters, if any, and the Purchasers.


 


(i)           The Company shall take all reasonable efforts to cause all the Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement to be quoted on the NASDAQ Capital Market (or equivalent reasonably acceptable to the Required Holders) or listed on a national exchange.


 


(j)           The Company shall provide a transfer agent and registrar, which may be a single entity, for the Registrable Securities not later than the effective date of the Registration Statement.







(k)           The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement to be registered with or approved by such other governmental agencies or authorities as may be necessary to consummate the disposition of such Registrable Securities.


 


(l)           The Company shall make generally available to its security holders as soon as practical, but not later than 90 days after the close of the period covered thereby, an earnings statement (in form complying with, and in the manner provided by, the provisions of Rule 158 under the Securities Act) covering a twelve-month period beginning not later than the first day of the Company’s fiscal quarter next following the applicable Effective Date of each Registration Statement.







(m)           The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the SEC in connection with any registration hereunder.







(n)           Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein (but subject to the last sentence of this Section 3(n)), at any time after the Effective Date of a particular Registration Statement, the Company may delay the disclosure of material, non-public information concerning the Company or any of its subsidiaries the disclosure of which at the time is not, in the good faith opinion of the board of directors of the Company, in the best interest of the Company and, upon the advice of counsel to the Company, otherwise required (a “Grace Period”), provided that the Company shall promptly notify the Purchasers in writing of the existence of material, non-public information giving rise to a Grace Period (provided that in each such notice the Company shall not disclose the content of such material, non-public information to any of the Purchasers) and the date on which such Grace Period will begin and end.


 




  





  











  











4.           Underwriting Requirements.  In connection with any Registration Statement involving an underwritten offering of shares of the Company’s Common Stock, the Company shall not be required to include any of the Purchasers' Registrable Securities in such underwriting unless the Purchaser accepts the terms of the underwriting as agreed upon between the Company and its underwriters, and then only in such quantity as the underwriter in its sole discretion determines will not jeopardize the success of the offering by the Company.  If the total number of Registrable Securities to be included in such offering (the “Requested Securities”) exceeds the number of securities to be sold (other than by the Company) that the underwriter in its reasonable discretion determines is compatible with the success of the offering, then the Company shall be required to include in the offering only that number of such Requested Securities which the underwriter, in its sole discretion, determines will not jeopardize the success of the offering.  If the underwriter determines that less than all of the Requested Securities requested to be registered can be included in such offering, then the securities to be registered that are included in such offering shall be allocated among the holders of the Registrable Securities (the “Holders”) in proportion (as nearly as practicable to) the number of Requested Securities owned by each Holder.  To facilitate the allocation of shares in accordance with the above provisions, the Company or the underwriters may round the number of shares allocated to any Holder to the nearest 10 shares.  For purposes of the provision in this Section 4 concerning apportionment, for any Holder that is a partnership, limited liability company, or corporation, the partners, members, retired partners, retired members, shareholders, and affiliates of such Holder, or the estates and immediate family members of any such partners, retired partners, members, and retired members and any trusts for the benefit of any of the foregoing persons, shall be deemed to be a single “Holder,” and any pro rata reduction with respect to such “Holder” shall be based upon the aggregate number of Requested Securities owned by all persons included in such “Holder,” as defined in this sentence.  The Purchasers understand that the underwriter may determine that none of the Registrable Securities can be included in the offering.


 


5.           Obligations of the Purchasers. In connection with the registration of the Registrable Securities, the Purchasers shall have the following obligations:


 


(a)           It shall be a condition precedent to the obligations of the Company to include any Purchaser’s Registrable Securities in any Registration Statement that such Purchaser shall timely furnish to the Company such information regarding itself, the Registrable Securities held by it, the intended method of disposition of the Registrable Securities held by it and any other information as shall be reasonably required to effect the registration of such Registrable Securities and shall provide such information and execute such documents in connection with such registration as the Company may reasonably request.  At least three business days prior to the first anticipated filing date of the Registration Statement, the Company shall notify each Purchaser of the information the Company requires from each such Purchaser.


 


(b)           Each Purchaser, by such Purchaser’s acceptance of the Registrable Securities, agrees to cooperate with the Company as reasonably requested by the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of the Registration Statements hereunder, unless such Purchaser has notified the Company in writing of such Purchaser’s election to exclude all of such Purchaser’s Registrable Securities from the Registration Statements.


 


(c)           In the event that Purchasers holding a majority-in-interest of the Registrable Securities being registered determine to engage the services of an underwriter, each Purchaser agrees to enter into and perform such Purchaser’s obligations under an underwriting agreement, in usual and customary form, including, without limitation, customary indemnification and contribution obligations, with the managing underwriter of such offering and take such other actions as are reasonably required in order to expedite or facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities, unless such Purchaser has notified the Company in writing of such Purchaser’s election to exclude all of such Purchaser’s Registrable Securities from such Registration Statement.


 


(d)           Each Purchaser agrees that, upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the happening of any event of which the Company has knowledge as a result of which the prospectus included in any Registration Statement, as then in effect, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or of the issuance of a stop order or other suspension of effectiveness of any Registration Statement, such Purchaser will immediately discontinue disposition of Registrable Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement covering such Registrable Securities until such Purchaser’s receipt of the copies of the supplemented or amended prospectus and, if so directed by the Company, such Purchaser shall deliver to the Company (at the expense of the Company) or destroy (and deliver to the Company a certificate of destruction) all copies in such Purchaser’s possession, of the prospectus covering such Registrable Securities current at the time of receipt of such notice.


 




  





  











  











(e)           No Purchaser may participate in any underwritten registration hereunder unless such Purchaser:  (i) agrees to sell such Purchaser’s Registrable Securities on the basis provided in any underwriting arrangements in usual and customary form entered into by the Company, (ii) completes and executes all questionnaires, powers of attorney, indemnities, underwriting agreements and other documents reasonably required under the terms of such underwriting arrangements, and (iii) agrees to pay its pro rata share of all underwriting discounts and commissions and any expenses in excess of those payable by the Company pursuant to Section 6 below.







(f)           Each Purchaser covenants and agrees that it will comply with the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act as applicable to it or an exemption therefrom in connection with the offer and sale of Registrable Securities pursuant to any Registration Statement.


 


6.           Expenses of Registration.  All reasonable expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, incurred in connection with registrations, filings or qualifications pursuant to Sections 2 and 3, including, without limitation, all registration, listing and qualification fees, printers and accounting fees, the fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company, and the reasonable fees and disbursements of legal counsel to the underwriter (if any) shall be borne by the Company.


 


7.           Indemnification.


 


(a)           To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company will, and hereby does, indemnify, hold harmless and defend each Purchaser and each of its directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees, agents, advisors, representatives (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding the lack of such title or any other title) and each Person, if any, who controls such Purchaser within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act and each of the directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees, agents, advisors, representatives (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding the lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling Persons (each, an “Indemnified Person”), against any losses, obligations, claims, damages, liabilities, contingencies, judgments, fines, penalties, charges, costs (including, without limitation, court costs, reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of defense and investigation), amounts paid in settlement or expenses, joint or several, (collectively, “Claims”) incurred in investigating, preparing or defending any action, claim, suit, inquiry, proceeding, investigation or appeal taken from the foregoing by or before any court or governmental, administrative or other regulatory agency, body or the SEC, whether pending or threatened, whether or not an indemnified party is or may be a party thereto (“Indemnified Damages”), to which any of them may become subject insofar as such Claims (or actions or proceedings, whether commenced or threatened, in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon: (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact in a Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or in any filing made in connection with the qualification of the offering under the securities or other “blue sky” laws of any jurisdiction in which Registrable Securities are offered (“Blue Sky Filing”), or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any preliminary prospectus if used prior to the effective date of such Registration Statement, or contained in the final prospectus (as amended or supplemented, if the Company files any amendment thereof or supplement thereto with the SEC) or the omission or alleged omission to state therein any material fact necessary to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which the statements therein were made, not misleading or (iii) any violation or alleged violation by the Company of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, any other law, including, without limitation, any state securities law, or any rule or regulation thereunder relating to the offer or sale of the Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement (the matters in the foregoing clauses (i) through (iii) being, collectively, “Violations”). Subject to Section 7(c), the Company shall reimburse the Indemnified Persons, promptly as such expenses are incurred and are due and payable, for any legal fees or other reasonable expenses incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such Claim.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the indemnification agreement contained in this Section 7(a): (i) shall not apply to a Claim by an Indemnified Person arising out of or based upon a Violation which occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by such Indemnified Person for such Indemnified Person expressly for use in connection with the preparation of such Registration Statement or any such amendment thereof or supplement thereto and (ii) shall not be available






  





  











  











to a particular Purchaser to the extent such Claim is based on a failure of such Purchaser to deliver or to cause to be delivered the prospectus made available by the Company (to the extent applicable), including, without limitation, a corrected prospectus, if such prospectus or corrected prospectus was timely made available by the Company and then only if, and to the extent that, following the receipt of the corrected prospectus no grounds for such Claim would have existed; and (iii) shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of the Company, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Indemnified Person.







(b)           In connection with any Registration Statement in which an Purchaser is participating, such Purchaser agrees to severally and not jointly indemnify, hold harmless and defend, to the same extent and in the same manner as is set forth in Section 7(a), the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who signs the Registration Statement and each Person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (each, an “Indemnified Party”), against any Claim or Indemnified Damages to which any of them may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such Claim or Indemnified Damages arise out of or are based upon any Violation, in each case, to the extent, and only to the extent, that such Violation occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by such Purchaser expressly for use in connection with such Registration Statement; and, subject to Section 7(c) and the below provisos in this Section 7(b), such Purchaser will reimburse promptly as such expenses are incurred and are due and payable, for any legal fees or other reasonable expenses incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such Claim; provided, however, the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 7(b) and the agreement with respect to contribution contained in Section 7 shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, provided further that such Purchaser shall be liable under this Section 7(b) for only that amount of a Claim or Indemnified Damages as does not exceed the net proceeds to such Purchaser as a result of the applicable sale of Registrable Securities pursuant to such Registration Statement. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of such Indemnified Party.


 


(c)           Promptly after receipt by an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party (as the case may be) under this Section 7 of notice of the commencement of any action or proceeding (including, without limitation, any governmental action or proceeding) involving a Claim, such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party (as the case may be) shall, if a Claim in respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under this Section 7, deliver to the indemnifying party a written notice of the commencement thereof, and the indemnifying party shall have the right to participate in, and, to the extent the indemnifying party so desires, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly noticed, to assume control of the defense thereof with counsel mutually satisfactory to the indemnifying party and the Indemnified Person or the Indemnified Party (as the case may be); provided, however, an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party (as the case may be) shall have the right to retain its own counsel with the fees and expenses of such counsel to be paid by the indemnifying party if: (i) the indemnifying party has agreed in writing to pay such fees and expenses; (ii) the indemnifying party shall have failed promptly to assume the defense of such Claim and to employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party (as the case may be) in any such Claim; or (iii) the named parties to any such Claim (including, without limitation, any impleaded parties) include both such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party and the indemnifying party, and such Indemnified Person or such Indemnified Party shall have been advised by counsel that a conflict of interest is likely to exist if the same counsel were to represent such Indemnified Person or such Indemnified Party and the indemnifying party (in which case, if such Indemnified Person or such Indemnified Party notifies the indemnifying party in writing that it elects to employ separate counsel at the expense of the indemnifying party, then the indemnifying party shall not have the right to assume the defense thereof and such counsel shall be at the expense of the Indemnifying Party, provided further that in the case of clause (iii) above the indemnifying party shall not be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of more than one separate legal counsel for such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party). The Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person shall reasonably cooperate with the indemnifying party in connection with any negotiation or defense of any such action or Claim by the indemnifying party and shall furnish to the indemnifying party all information reasonably available to the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person which relates to such action or Claim. The indemnifying party shall keep the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person reasonably apprised at all times as to the status of the defense or any settlement negotiations with respect thereto. No indemnifying party shall be liable for any settlement of any






  





  











  











action, claim or proceeding effected without its prior written consent; provided, however, the indemnifying party shall not unreasonably withhold, delay or condition its consent.  No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person, consent to entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement or other compromise which does not include as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person of a release from all liability in respect to such Claim or litigation, and such settlement shall not include any admission as to fault on the part of the Indemnified Party. Following indemnification as provided for hereunder, the indemnifying party shall be subrogated to all rights of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person with respect to all third parties, firms or corporations relating to the matter for which indemnification has been made. The failure to deliver written notice to the indemnifying party within a reasonable time of the commencement of any such action shall not relieve such indemnifying party of any liability to the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party under this Section 7, except to the extent that the indemnifying party is materially and adversely prejudiced in its ability to defend such action.


 


(d)           No Person involved in the sale of Registrable Securities who is guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) in connection with such sale shall be entitled to indemnification from any Person involved in such sale of Registrable Securities who is not guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation.







(e)           The indemnity and contribution agreements contained herein shall be in addition to (i) any cause of action or similar right of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person against the indemnifying party or others, and (ii) any liabilities the indemnifying party may be subject to pursuant to the law.







8.           Amendment of Registration Rights.  The terms and provisions of this Agreement may be amended and the observance thereof may be waived (either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively or prospectively), only with written consent of the Company and the Required Holders.  Any amendment or waiver effected in accordance with this Section 8 shall be binding upon each Purchaser and the Company; provided that no such amendment shall be effective to the extent that it (1) applies to less than all of the holders of Registrable Securities or (2) imposes any obligation or liability on any Purchaser without such Purchaser’s prior written consent (which may be granted or withheld in such Purchaser’s sole discretion). No waiver shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by an authorized representative of the waiving party.  No consideration shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of this Agreement unless the same consideration also is offered to all of the parties to this Agreement.







9.           Miscellaneous.







(a)           A person or entity is deemed to be a holder of Registrable Securities whenever such person or entity owns of record such Registrable Securities.  If the Company receives conflicting instructions, notices or elections from two or more persons or entities with respect to the same Registrable Securities, the Company shall act upon the basis of instructions, notice or election received from the registered owner of such Registrable Securities.


 


(b)           Any notices required or permitted to be given under the terms hereof shall be sent by certified or registered mail (return receipt requested) or delivered personally or by courier (including a recognized overnight delivery service)or by facsimile and shall be effective five days after being placed in the mail, if mailed by regular United States mail, or upon receipt, if delivered personally or by courier (including a recognized overnight delivery service) or by facsimile, in each case addressed to a party.  The addresses for such communications shall be:






  





  











  






 


 



	
If to the Company:


 


Ideal Power Inc.


5004 Bee Creek Road, Suite 600


Spicewood, Texas 78669


Attention:  Chief Executive Officer


Telephone:  (512) 264-1542


Facsimile No.:  (512) 264-1546


 


	
If to a Purchaser:


 


To the address set forth on the signature page of this Agreement.


	
 


With a copy (not constituting notice) to:


 


MDB Capital Group, LLC


401 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1020


Santa Monica, CA 90401


Attention: Anthony DiGiandomenico


Telephone: (310) 526-5015


Facsimile No.: (310) 536-5020


 







Each party shall provide notice to the other party of any change in address.







(c)           Failure of any party to exercise any right or remedy under this Agreement or otherwise, or delay by a party in exercising such right or remedy, shall not operate as a waiver thereof.


 


(d)           This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York without regard to the choice of law principles thereof.  Each of the parties hereto irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York located in New York County and the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York for the purpose of any suit, action, proceeding or judgment relating to or arising out of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby.  Service of process in connection with any such suit, action or proceeding may be served on each party hereto anywhere in the world by the same methods as are specified for the giving of notices under this Agreement.  Each of the parties hereto irrevocably consents to the jurisdiction of any such court in any such suit, action or proceeding and to the laying of venue in such court.  Each party hereto irrevocably waives any objection to the laying of venue of any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such courts and irrevocably waives any claim that any such suit, action or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.  EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO WAIVES ANY RIGHT TO REQUEST A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LITIGATION WITH RESPECT TO THIS AGREEMENT AND REPRESENTS THAT COUNSEL HAS BEEN CONSULTED SPECIFICALLY AS TO THIS WAIVER.


 


(e)           In the event that any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable under any applicable statute or rule of law, then such provision shall be deemed inoperative to the extent that it may conflict therewith and shall be deemed modified to conform with such statute or rule of law.  Any provision hereof which may prove invalid or unenforceable under any law shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision hereof.


 


(f)           This Agreement and the other Transaction Documents (including all schedules and exhibits thereto) constitute the entire agreement among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof.  There are no restrictions, promises, warranties or undertakings, other than those set forth or referred to herein and therein.  This Agreement and the other Transaction Documents (including all schedules and exhibits thereto) supersede all prior agreements and understandings among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof.






  





  











  











(g)           This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and assigns.  This Agreement is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any Person, other than the parties hereto or their respective permitted successors and assigns.


 


(h)           The headings in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this Agreement.  Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, each pronoun herein shall be deemed to include the masculine, feminine, neuter, singular and plural forms thereof. The terms “including,” “includes,” “include” and words of like import shall be construed broadly as if followed by the words “without limitation.” The terms “herein,” “hereunder,” “hereof” and words of like import refer to this entire Agreement instead of just the provision in which they are found.







(i)           This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which shall constitute one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party.  This Agreement, once executed by a party, may be delivered to the other party hereto by facsimile transmission or electronic mail delivery of a copy of this Agreement bearing the signature of the party so delivering this Agreement.







(j)           Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as the other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.







(k)           Except as otherwise provided herein, all consents and other determinations to be made by the Purchasers pursuant to this Agreement shall be made by the Required Holders.


 


(l)           The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party.


 


(m)           The obligations of each Purchaser under this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under this Agreement or any other Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as, and the Company acknowledges that the Purchasers do not so constitute, a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of group or entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group or entity with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents or any matters, and the Company acknowledges that the Purchasers are not acting in concert or as a group, and the Company shall not assert any such claim, with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any of the other the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights, including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of any other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any proceeding for such purpose.









 


[Remainder of page intentionally left blank; signature pages follow.]








  





  











  


















IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned Purchasers and the Company have caused this Registration Rights Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first above written.








	  	
IDEAL POWER INC.

	  
	  	  	  	  
	  	
By:

	 	  
	  	  	
Name Paul Bundschuh

	  
	  	  	
Title Chief Executive Officer

	  
	  	  	  	  
	  	
PURCHASERS:

	  
	  	  	  	  
	  	
The Purchasers executing the Signature Page in the form attached hereto as Annex A and delivering the same to the Company or its agents shall be deemed to have executed this Agreement and agreed to the terms hereof.

	  
	  	  	  	  














  





  











  













Annex A


 


Registration Rights Agreement


Purchaser Counterpart Signature Page


 


The undersigned, desiring to: enter into this Registration Rights Agreement dated as of July 29, 2013 (the “Agreement”), between the undersigned, Ideal Power Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and the other parties thereto, in or substantially in the form furnished to the undersigned, hereby agrees to join the Agreement as a party thereto, with all the rights and privileges appertaining thereto, and to be bound in all respects by the terms and conditions thereof.


 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed the Agreement as of July ___, 2013.


 



	  	
PURCHASER:


 


	  	
Name and Address, Fax No. and Social Security No./EIN of Purchaser:


 


	  	
______________________________________


______________________________________


______________________________________


______________________________________


 


Fax No.: _______________________________


Soc. Sec. No./EIN: _______________________


 


	  	  
	  	
If a partnership, corporation, trust or other business entity:


 


	  	
By:


 


___________________________________                                              


	  	
       Name:


	  	
       Title:


	  	
 


If an individual:


 


 


_____________________________________


	  	
Signature







 




  





  











  











EXHIBIT 1







SELLING STOCKHOLDERS


 


The shares of common stock being offered by the selling shareholders are those issuable to the selling shareholders upon conversion of the senior secured convertible promissory notes and the exercise of the warrants.  For additional information regarding the issuance of the senior secured convertible promissory notes and the warrants, see “Private Placement of Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes and Warrants” above.  We are registering the shares of common stock in order to permit the selling shareholders to offer the shares for resale from time to time.  Except for the ownership of the senior secured convertible promissory notes and the warrants issued pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the selling shareholders have not had any material relationship with us within the past three years.







The table below lists the selling shareholders and other information regarding the beneficial ownership (as determined under Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder) of the shares of common stock beneficially held by each of the selling shareholders, based on their respective beneficial ownership of the shares of common stock as of ____________, 2013, assuming conversion of all amounts owed under the senior secured convertible promissory notes and exercise of the warrants held by each such selling shareholder on that date but taking account of any limitations on exercise set forth therein. The third column lists the number of shares of common stock being sold in this offering.  The fourth column lists the shares of common stock that will be beneficially owned by each selling shareholder following this offering.  We have assumed for purposes of preparing this table that each selling shareholder will sell all of the shares of common stock being offered.







In accordance with the terms of a registration rights agreement with the selling shareholders, this prospectus generally covers the resale of the sum of (i) the number of shares of common stock that may be issued in connection with the conversion of all amounts owed under the senior secured convertible promissory notes, in each case determined as if all amounts owed under the senior secured convertible promissory notes were converted and (ii) 100% of the maximum number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants, in each case, determined as if the outstanding warrants were exercised in full.


 



	
 


 


Name of Selling Shareholder

	
Number of Shares


of Common Stock


Owned Prior to


Offering

	
Maximum Number


Of Shares of


Common Stock to be


Sold Pursuant to this


Prospectus

	
Number of Shares


of Common Stock


Owned After


Offering


	  	  	  	  
	  	  	  	  
	  	  	  	  
	  	  	  	  
	  	  	  	  









  





  











  











PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION


 


We are registering the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of all amounts due under the senior secured convertible promissory notes and the exercise of the warrants to permit the resale of these shares of common stock by the holders of these securities from time to time after the date of this prospectus.  We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale by the selling shareholders of the shares of common stock.  We will bear all fees and expenses incident to our obligation to register the shares of common stock.


 


The selling shareholders may sell all or a portion of the shares of common stock held by them and offered hereby from time to time directly or through one or more underwriters, broker-dealers or agents. If the shares of common stock are sold through underwriters or broker-dealers, the selling shareholders will be responsible for underwriting discounts or commissions or agent’s commissions. The shares of common stock may be sold in one or more transactions at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of the sale, at varying prices determined at the time of sale or at negotiated prices. These sales may be effected in transactions, which may involve crosses or block transactions, pursuant to one or more of the following methods:


 



	  	
·

	
on any national securities exchange or quotation service on which the securities may be listed or quoted at the time of sale;







 



	  	
·

	
in the over-the-counter market;







 



	  	
·

	
in transactions otherwise than on these exchanges or systems or in the over-the-counter market;







 



	  	
·

	
through the writing or settlement of options, whether such options are listed on an options exchange or otherwise;







 



	  	
·

	
ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;







 



	  	
·

	
block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;







 



	  	
·

	
purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;







 



	  	
·

	
an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;







 



	  	
·

	
privately negotiated transactions;







 



	  	
·

	
short sales made after the date the Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC;







 



	  	
·

	
agreements between broker-dealers and the selling shareholders to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share;







 



	  	
·

	
a combination of any such methods of sale; and







 



	  	
·

	
any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.
















  





  











  











The selling shareholders may also sell shares of common stock under Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, if available, rather than under this prospectus. In addition, the selling shareholders may transfer the shares of common stock by other means not described in this prospectus. If the selling shareholders effect such transactions by selling shares of common stock to or through underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, such underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may receive commissions in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the selling shareholders or commissions from purchasers of the shares of common stock for whom they may act as agent or to whom they may sell as principal (which discounts, concessions or commissions as to particular underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may be in excess of those customary in the types of transactions involved). In connection with sales of the shares of common stock or otherwise, the selling shareholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers, which may in turn engage in short sales of the shares of common stock in the course of hedging in positions they assume. The selling shareholders may also sell shares of common stock short and deliver shares of common stock covered by this prospectus to close out short positions and to return borrowed shares in connection with such short sales. The selling shareholders may also loan or pledge shares of common stock to broker-dealers that in turn may sell such shares.


 


The selling shareholders may pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the warrants or shares of common stock owned by them and, if they default in the performance of their secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell the shares of common stock from time to time pursuant to this prospectus or any amendment to this prospectus under Rule 424(b)(3) or other applicable provision of the Securities Act amending, if necessary, the list of selling shareholders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as selling shareholders under this prospectus. The selling shareholders also may transfer and donate the shares of common stock in other circumstances in which case the transferees, donees, pledgees or other successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus.


 


To the extent required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, the selling shareholders and any broker-dealer participating in the distribution of the shares of common stock may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any commission paid, or any discounts or concessions allowed to, any such broker-dealer may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. At the time a particular offering of the shares of common stock is made, a prospectus supplement, if required, will be distributed, which will set forth the aggregate amount of shares of common stock being offered and the terms of the offering, including the name or names of any broker-dealers or agents, any discounts, commissions and other terms constituting compensation from the selling shareholders and any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to broker-dealers.


 


Under the securities laws of some states, the shares of common stock may be sold in such states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some states the shares of common stock may not be sold unless such shares have been registered or qualified for sale in such state or an exemption from registration or qualification is available and is complied with.


 


There can be no assurance that any selling shareholder will sell any or all of the shares of common stock registered pursuant to the registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part.


 


The selling shareholders and any other person participating in such distribution will be subject to applicable provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder, including, without limitation, to the extent applicable, Regulation M of the Exchange Act, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the shares of common stock by the selling shareholders and any other participating person. To the extent applicable, Regulation M may also restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of the shares of common stock to engage in market-making activities with respect to the shares of common stock. All of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the shares of common stock and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to the shares of common stock.






  





  











  











We will pay all expenses of the registration of the shares of common stock pursuant to the registration rights agreement, estimated to be $[______] in total, including, without limitation, Securities and Exchange Commission filing fees and expenses of compliance with state securities or “blue sky” laws; provided, however, a selling shareholder will pay all underwriting discounts and selling commissions, if any. We will indemnify the selling shareholders against liabilities, including some liabilities under the Securities Act in accordance with the registration rights agreements or the selling shareholders will be entitled to contribution. We may be indemnified by the selling shareholders against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act that may arise from any written information furnished to us by the selling shareholder specifically for use in this prospectus, in accordance with the related registration rights agreements or we may be entitled to contribution.







Once sold under the registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part, the shares of common stock will be freely tradable in the hands of persons other than our affiliates.