NO. 07-03-0105-CR

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

AT AMARILLO

PANEL A

JUNE 23, 2004

______________________________

SAMUEL ESCOBAR, JR., APPELLANT

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE

_________________________________

FROM THE 108TH DISTRICT COURT OF POTTER COUNTY;

NO. 40,383-E; HONORABLE ABE LOPEZ, JUDGE

_______________________________

Before JOHNSON, C.J., and REAVIS and CAMPBELL, JJ.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

On June 14, 1999, appellant Sammy Ray Escobar pleaded guilty, pursuant to a plea

bargain, to an indictment alleging aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. After hearing

the evidence and finding that it substantiated appellant’s guilt, the trial court, acting in

accordance with the plea bargain, deferred further proceedings without entering a finding
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of guilt and placed appellant on community supervision for ten years. Later, the State filed

a motion to proceed with adjudication of guilt and, on January 16, 2003, the trial court

conducted a hearing on the motion. Appellant pleaded true to all seventeen of the

violations alleged by the State in its motion, and the State recommended a sentence

previously agreed to by appellant. The trial court adjudicated appellant guilty, then

followed the State’s recommendation by imposing a sentence of 14 years confinement and

entering a deadly weapon finding. Appellant filed a pro se notice of appeal, and the trial

court appointed appellate counsel. In presenting this appeal, appellant’s attorney has filed

an Anders brief in support of a motion to withdraw. See Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738,

87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967). We affirm and grant counsel's motion to withdraw.

In his brief, appellant’s attorney certifies he diligently reviewed the record and

determined that, in his opinion, it reflects no reversible error or grounds upon which an

appeal can be predicated. Id. Thus, he concludes, the appeal is without merit and is

frivolous. Also in the brief, counsel candidly discusses why, under the controlling

authorities, there is no error in the court's judgment. See High v. State, 573 S.W.2d 807,

813 (Tex.Cr.App. 1978). Furthermore, counsel certifies he served a copy of the brief on

appellant and informed him that, in his view, the appeal is without merit. Attached to the

brief is a copy of a letter by which the attorney notified appellant of his right to review the

record and to file a response. 
3

In compliance with the principles enunciated in Anders, counsel discusses four

potential areas for appeal. First, he explains that appellant failed to appeal issues related

to his original plea of guilty within 30 days of being placed on deferred adjudication.

Additionally, according to counsel, even if appellant had timely filed the notice of appeal,

it would be inadequate to invoke this Court’s jurisdiction because it does not comport with

the certification requirements of rule 25.2 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. Second,

counsel points out that article 42.12 of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides that no

appeal may be taken from a determination to proceed with adjudication of guilt. In any

event, counsel continues, appellant pleaded true to each of the violations alleged by the

State in its motion to proceed with adjudication of guilt, and any one of those pleas would

be sufficient to support the trial court’s decision to revoke. Third, while acknowledging that

appellant did not receive a separate punishment hearing, counsel notes that the record is

devoid of any objection to, or motion for new trial on the basis of, the trial court’s failure to

conduct one. Finally, counsel refers to appellant’s pro se notice of appeal by which

appellant appears to complain that his true plea at the adjudication hearing was involuntary

because he received ineffective assistance of counsel. Counsel concludes, however, that

this Court would be without jurisdiction to entertain the complaint. In sum, counsel

determines that the only portion of the proceeding over which this Court would have

jurisdiction is the punishment phase of the adjudication hearing. In that proceeding, in

response to the only potential error–the trial court’s failure to conduct a separate

punishment hearing–appellant neglected to lodge an objection.
1While appellant purports to challenge his plea of nolo contendere, we observe that

he, in fact, entered a guilty plea during the original plea proceedings. 

2

In the section of his response entitled Issues Presented for Review, appellant lists

an additional complaint urging that the trial court’s failure to provide a separate punishment

hearing deprived him of due process. Apart from its mention in that section, however,

appellant neither refers to that claim elsewhere in the response nor presents arguments

and authority to support his position. Thus, we will not consider it. See Tex. R. App. P.

38.1(h). 

3All references are to the Code of Criminal Procedure unless otherwise indicated.

(Vernon Supp. 2004).

4

Appellant filed a response claiming the trial court erred in failing to admonish him

(1) “regarding the legal consequences of a nolo contendere plea”1 and (2) “of the

consequences of deferred adjudication”; and (3) by “adjudicating [him] guilty and

immediately sentenced [sic] him to (14) yrs [sic] confinement without giving [him]

opportunity [sic] to be heard on the issue of punishment and sentencing.”2 With his first

two complaints appellant maintains that the plea he entered on January 16, 2003 was

rendered involuntary by the trial court’s failure to comply with the admonishment

requirements of article 26.13 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. See Tex. Code Crim.

Proc. Ann. art. 26.13(a) (Vernon Supp. 2004).3

 That article requires the trial court to advise

a criminal defendant of certain rights prior to accepting his guilty or nolo contendere plea.

The trial court accepted appellant’s guilty plea in June of 1999 during the original plea

hearing. Article 26.13 imposed no further duty upon the trial court during the subsequent

probation revocation in January of 2003. Furthermore, if appellant believed the trial court’s

admonitions to him during the original plea proceeding failed to comport with the edicts of
5

article 26.13, the time for him to voice that objection was immediately following the

imposition of deferred adjudication. See Nix v. State, 65 S.W.3d 664, 667 (Tex.Cr.App.

2001). Thus, we cannot consider appellant’s first and second complaints.

With the last complaint in his response, appellant challenges the trial court’s failure

to conduct a separate punishment hearing. While no appeal may be taken from a trial

court's determination to adjudicate guilt, one may be had to challenge the assessment of

punishment and pronouncement of sentence. Art. 42.12, § (5)(b); see Olowosuko v. State,

826 S.W.2d 940, 942 (Tex.Cr.App. 1992). Here, after appellant pleaded true to each of

the allegations contained in the State’s motion to proceed with adjudication of guilt, the trial

court inquired of the State’s recommendation. The State then detailed the plea bargain

agreement as to punishment, and appellant’s attorney confirmed it. The court immediately

pronounced sentence,withoutgivingappellant the opportunity to present evidence relevant

to punishment. In this, the trial court erred. See Vidaurri v. State, 49 S.W.3d 880, 886

(Tex.Cr.App. 2001). However, because appellant neither objected to the trial court’s failure

to allow him to present punishment evidence, nor filed a motion for new trial complaining

of his inability to do so, he has waived such error. Id.

By his notice of appeal, appellant advances an ineffective assistance of counsel

claim. Appellant contends his attorney had a “conflict of interest” and that there was an

“attorney-client break-down” which precipitated his decision to plead true to the allegations

contained in the State’s motion to proceed with adjudication of guilt. Appellant appears to
6

assert that his plea was rendered involuntary by the ineffective assistance of counsel.

Initially, we note that the voluntariness of a plea from a plea-bargained felony conviction

is not reviewable on appeal. Cooper v. State, 45 S.W.3d 77 (Tex.Cr.App. 2001). Next, we

acknowledge that in the context of an adjudication proceeding, we may only review

ineffective assistance claims as they pertain to post adjudication matters . See Olowosuko

826 S.W.2d at 942 (holding that article 42.12, section 5(b) expressly allows an appeal of

all proceedings after adjudication of guilt on original charge). Because appellant’s

complaint pertains to matters that occurred before the trial court adjudicated him, we may

not consider it. 

In addition to considering counsel’s and appellant’s complaints, we have made an

independent examination of the entire record to determine whether there are any arguable

grounds which might support the appeal. See Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 109 S.Ct.

346, 102 L.Ed.2d 300 (1988); Stafford v. State, 813 S.W.2d 503, 511 (Tex.Cr.App. 1991).

The record illustrates that no appeal was taken within 30 days from the date of appellant's

guilty plea and the order to defer adjudication of his guilt. When the adjudication of an

accused's guilt is deferred and the individual is placed on community supervision,

complaints involving the original plea proceeding must be raised on appeal immediately

after deferred adjudication is imposed. Nix, 65 S.W.3d at 667. The only instance in which

they may thereafter be raised by direct appeal concerns error rendering the judgment void.

Id. at 667. In this case, there is no evidence to indicate that any of the void judgment

exceptions apply. Thus, we would have no jurisdiction over any purported error arising
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from or prior to the plea hearing. Further, appellant pleaded true to the violations of his

community supervision, and no appeal may be taken from a determination to proceed with

adjudication of guilt. Art. 42.12, § 5(b). The punishment assessed was also within the

range prescribed by law and agreed to by the parties. Tex. Pen. Code Ann. art. 12.33(a)

(Vernon 2003). Thus, having found no arguable grounds for appeal, we concur with

counsel’s assessment that the appeal is without merit and frivolous. Currie v. State, 516

S.W.2d 684 (Tex.Cr.App. 1974).

Accordingly, counsel's motion to withdraw is granted and the judgment of the trial

court is affirmed.

Don H. Reavis

 Justice

 

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