IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 20-1666

Filed January 12, 2022

STATE OF IOWA,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

vs.

WILLIAM EMMETTE STARK,

Defendant-Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Heather Lauber, Judge.

A defendant appeals the denial of his motion in arrest of judgment regarding 

his guilty plea, asserting it lacked a factual basis. He additionally argues his 

counsel was ineffective. AFFIRMED.

Eric W. Manning of Manning Law Office, P.L.L.C., Urbandale, for appellant.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Timothy M. Hau, Assistant Attorney 

General, for appellee.

Considered by Schumacher, P.J., Ahlers, J., and Doyle, S.J.*

*Senior Judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 

(2022).
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SCHUMACHER, Judge.

William Stark appeals the denial of his motion in arrest of judgment 

regarding his guilty plea, asserting it lacked a factual basis. He also claims his 

counsel was ineffective in relation to his guilty pleas. We grant discretionary review 

of the denial of Stark’s motion in arrest of judgment but find no abuse of discretion 

in the denial. As to Stark’s ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim, because Iowa 

Code section 814.7 (2020) prohibits a direct appeal for a claim of ineffective 

assistance of counsel, we are unable to address this issue. Thus, we affirm. 

I. Background Facts & Proceedings

Sharon Robb owned a 1985 Goldwing motorcycle and kept it at her home. 

William Stark and Trudie Holbert, Robb’s daughter, were residing at Robb’s home.

Robb later became the subject of a guardianship and a conservatorship, and Stark

and Trudie were enjoined from residing at Robb’s property and from the use or 

control of Robb’s property. Both Stark and Trudie were served with notice of the 

enjoinment on March 4, 2020.

1 Despite the receipt of notice, Stark entered Robb’s 

garage through a back window on May 28, 2020, and took the motorcycle. 

Stark was charged with burglary in the third degree, a class D felony, and

theft in the second degree, a class D felony. Stark pled guilty to both charges on 

September 1, 2020, agreeing to serve a prison sentence as part of the plea 

agreement. Subsequently, on October 7, 2020, Stark filed a letter setting forth an 

alternate version of events. He claimed he only took the motorcycle because 

Robb’s will devised her property to Trudie. As such, he believed the motorcycle 

 

1 We have not been provided a copy of the probate file as part of the instant appeal.
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belonged to Trudie. He also claimed he had no knowledge of the guardianship

and conservatorship. 

Stark filed a motion in arrest of judgment on October 16, 2020, arguing he 

did not understand the consequences of his plea and that he did not enter into the

plea knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently. He further alleged his plea lacked a 

factual basis for the reasons he set out in his letter. He also filed a motion for new 

counsel. The court denied both motions. Stark was sentenced on November 16, 

2020.

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 He appeals the district court’s orders regarding the denial of his motion in 

arrest of judgment and also alleges his counsel was ineffective. 

II. Standard of Review

The court reviews denials of motions in arrest of judgment for an abuse of 

discretion. State v. Petty, 925 N.W.2d 190, 194 (Iowa 2019). A court abuses its 

discretion when it exercises its discretion “on clearly untenable or unreasonable 

grounds.” Id.

III. Discussion 

On appeal, Stark’s arguments are limited to an alleged lack of a factual 

basis for his guilty plea and a claim that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing 

to investigate the ownership of the motorcycle and challenging the factual basis of 

the plea. 

 

2 The court rejected the plea agreement that required a prison term and instead

placed Stark on probation and ordered Stark’s placement at a residential treatment 

facility. 
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A. Good Cause for Direct Appeal 

Stark claims his guilty plea lacked a factual basis because he believed 

Trudie owned the motorcycle, therefore depriving him of the requisite intent for 

theft. Stark’s appellate briefing lacks any mention of good cause for a direct appeal

of his guilty plea under Iowa Code section 814.6(1)(a)(3) or any argument as to 

whether we should consider Stark’s claim under discretionary review. 

As to the direct appeal of his guilty plea, our supreme court has held that a

defendant whose sentence is imposed after July 1, 2019, “bears the burden of 

establishing good cause to pursue an appeal of [their] conviction based on a guilty 

plea.” State v. Damme, 944 N.W.2d 98, 104 (Iowa 2020); accord State v. Macke, 

933 N.W.2d 226, 231 (Iowa 2019) (finding section 814.6 does not apply to appeals 

from a judgment and sentence entered prior to July 1, 2019). As the State 

highlights, Stark does not attempt to address good cause. 

However, a defendant may seek discretionary review of an order denying a

motion in arrest of judgment. See Iowa Code § 814.6(2)(f) (effective July 1, 2019). 

While, Stark has not done so, we may treat his notice of appeal as an application 

for discretionary review. See Iowa R. App. P. 6.108. We elect to grant 

discretionary review of the denial of Stark’s motion in arrest of judgment and 

address the merits of his claim. 

B. Stark’s Guilty Plea

We turn first to Stark’s claim that there was not a factual basis for his plea. 

The guilty-plea record provided to this court belies Stark’s claim. The district court 

engaged in a proper colloquy and set forth the elements of the offenses the State 

was required to prove. See Rhoades v. State, 848 N.W.2d 22, 30 (Iowa 2014) 
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(“Although we do not require a detailed factual basis, we do require the defendant 

to acknowledge facts that are consistent with the elements of the crime.”). Further, 

“on a claim that a plea bargain is invalid because of a lack of accuracy on the 

factual-basis issue, the entire record before the district court may be examined.”

State v. Finney, 834 N.W.2d 46, 62 (Iowa 2013).

Stark acknowledged the date of the offense, that the offense occurred in 

Polk County, Iowa, that he entered the garage without any right, license, or 

privilege to do so, that he so entered with the intent to commit a theft of property 

he did not own, and that he had no intentions of returning the property to the 

guardian who was managing the ward’s property. The minutes also support the 

elements, which highlight a video of Stark entering the garage through a back 

window and driving off with the motorcycle. 

Stark admitted to all the factual elements and expressed his desire to plead 

guilty, even after the court advised him of his right to withdraw his plea. The record 

reflects a factual basis for the guilty plea and the court did not abuse its discretion 

by denying Stark’s motion in arrest of judgment.

C. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

Stark contends his counsel was ineffective due to the failure to adequately 

investigate the issue of ownership of the motorcycle and for failing to advise him 

of his rights as they related to the factual basis. However, “an ineffective 

assistance of counsel claim in a criminal case shall be determined by filing an 

application for postconviction relief pursuant to chapter 822.” Iowa Code § 814.7. 

“[T]he claim shall not be decided on direct appeal from the criminal proceedings.”

Id. Section 814.7 went into effect July 1, 2019. See Macke, 933 N.W.2d at 231. 
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Because Stark’s sentence was imposed on November 16, 2020, his claim of 

ineffective assistance of counsel must be raised in postconviction proceedings,

and we cannot consider it. 

AFFIRMED.