NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION

File Name: 15a0505n.06

No. 14-5968

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

RUBY WILSON,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,

Defendant-Appellee.

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ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED 

STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR 

THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF 

TENNESSEE

BEFORE: BOGGS, SUHRHEINRICH, and WHITE, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM. Ruby Wilson appeals the district court’s judgment that affirmed the 

denial of her applications for disability-insurance benefits and supplemental-security-income 

benefits.

In 2009, Wilson filed applications for disability insurance benefits and supplemental 

security income benefits, alleging that she became disabled on October 1, 2007. After the Social 

Security Administration denied the applications, Wilson requested a hearing before an 

administrative law judge (ALJ). The ALJ denied Wilson relief, and the Appeals Council 

declined to review the case. The district court affirmed the denial of Wilson’s applications.

On appeal, Wilson argues that the ALJ erred by failing to afford controlling weight to the 

opinion of her treating physician and by otherwise failing to properly weigh the medical opinion 

evidence. Wilson further argues that the ALJ erred by failing to consider all of her impairments, 

by failing to address whether she met certain regulatory listings, by concluding that her 
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testimony was not credible, and by failing to confirm that the vocational expert’s testimony was 

consistent with the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. “Our review of the ALJ’s decision is 

limited to whether the ALJ applied the correct legal standards and whether the findings of the 

ALJ are supported by substantial evidence.” Blakley v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 581 F.3d 399, 405 

(6th Cir. 2009). “The substantial-evidence standard is met if a reasonable mind might accept the 

relevant evidence as adequate to support a conclusion.” Id. at 406 (internal quotation marks 

omitted). “We give de novo review to the district court’s conclusions on each issue.” Id.

First, Wilson argues that the ALJ erred by failing to afford controlling weight to the 

medical opinion of Dr. Volker Winkler, who concluded that Wilson had severe functional 

limitations. Wilson also argues that the ALJ failed to give valid reasons for disregarding Dr. 

Winkler’s opinion and relying on the contrary opinions of Dr. John Woods and the state agency 

medical consultants.

A physician qualifies as a treating source if the claimant sees the physician with a 

frequency consistent with accepted medical practice for the type of treatment or evaluation that is 

required for the medical condition. Smith v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 482 F.3d 873, 876 (6th Cir. 

2007). A medical opinion from a treating source must be given controlling weight if it is wellsupported by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques and not 

inconsistent with other substantial evidence in the record. Gayheart v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 

710 F.3d 365, 376 (6th Cir. 2013). In contrast, opinions from non-treating and non-examining 

sources are never assessed for controlling weight. Id. Instead, the ALJ must consider such 

opinions based on all relevant factors, including the examining relationship or lack thereof, the 

specialization of the medical source, and the consistency and supportability of the opinion. Id.
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The ALJ did not err by failing to consider Dr. Winkler as a treating source, given that Dr. 

Winkler never examined Wilson and provided only a single physical-capacity evaluation. See 

Smith, 482 F.3d at 876. Moreover, the ALJ properly considered Dr. Winkler’s opinion when 

assessing Wilson’s residual functional capacity. The ALJ disregarded Dr. Winkler’s opinion in 

part because it was based on “new complaints of shoulder problems,” which had not been present 

for at least twelve consecutive months and therefore did not meet the durational requirement of 

the Social Security Act and its implementing regulations. But Wilson contends that the ALJ 

erred by not addressing whether the shoulder problems could be expected to last for at least 

twelve months. See Boulis-Gasche v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 451 F. App’x 488, 493 (6th Cir. 

2011) (noting that, to meet the durational requirement, an impairment must have lasted or be 

expected to last for a continuous period of at least twelve months). 

However, it is clear from the medical record that the ALJ’s reference to “new” shoulder 

pain was a misstatement. On January 13, 2011, Wilson underwent a medical examination at 

McKenzie Medical Center. The treatment note reported: “Symptoms include neck pain and 

muscle spasm . . . . Symptoms are located in the entire neck. The pain radiates to the left 

shoulder and right shoulder. The patient describes the pain as sharp and aching.” At the behest 

of Wilson’s attorney, Wilson later went to the office Dr. Winkler at McKenzie Medical Center 

on July 25, 2011. Beth Riddle, a nurse practitioner with Dr. Winkler, conducted a medical 

history and examination. Her treatment note stated: “Symptoms include neck pain and muscle 

spasm . . . . Symptoms are located in the entire neck. The pain radiates to the left shoulder and 

right shoulder. The patient describes the pain as sharp and aching.” 

It is evident by the language in both treatment notes that Wilson made identical

complaints of shoulder pain in both January and July. And these indistinguishable complaints 
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were specifically addressed by the ALJ in her decision. The ALJ first stated that Wilson 

“presented to McKenzies (sic) Medical Center January 2011 with subjective complaints of pain 

in the neck, shoulders, and back.” The ALJ further stated that Wilson’s “representative obtained 

a new consultative examination report from Volker Winkler, MD who essentially reported the 

claimant was limited to less than sedentary work with new complaints of shoulder problems.” 

Although the ALJ does describe the July 2011 shoulder pain as “new,” as explained above, the 

medical record contradicts that description. In fact, the only indication that this pain is distinct 

from the January 2011 shoulder pain comes from a statement made by Wilson’s counsel during a 

July 20, 2011 hearing before the ALJ. This exchange occurred during the attorney’s examination 

of Wilson: 

Q. I wanted to ask you a little bit about your neck, and your shoulder. I think your 

shoulder’s a little more recent. You have some shoulder problems. Is that correct?

A. Yes. [INAUDIBLE]

Q. Where you going for therapy?

A. I go to Regional Hospital.

Q. Okay. And that’s a, kind of, a new thing?

A. Yes.

The attorney asked these questions with no medical background or personal proof by Wilson to 

substantiate his leading question. Perhaps this caused the ALJ to refer to a “new” shoulder 

problem. 

Additionally, and perhaps more to the point, the ALJ had substantial evidence on which 

to base her decision to afford Dr. Winkler’s opinion no weight. In his assessment, Dr. Winkler 

identified functional limitations stemming from degenerative disc disease of the entire cervical 
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spine with radiculopathy down the right arm. However, the ALJ relied on the only objective 

tests. A February 24, 2011 MRI report stated that Wilson suffered from a “mild” (a term Dr. 

Winkler leaves out) degenerative disc space at vertebrae C5-C6 (as opposed to the entire spine). 

Also, Dr. Winkler omitted another objective medical finding: that Wilson underwent nerve 

conduction studies on February 28, 2011, which indicated no nerve damage. The ALJ expressly 

concluded that “[t]hese rather mild findings are not capable of causing the amount of pain and 

functional limitations as [Wilson] testified about.” 

It is easy to see why the ALJ did not find Dr. Winkler to be credible. After all, Dr. 

Winkler may never have seen Wilson, and even if he had examined her, he did not personally 

record Wilson’s medical history, and Dr. Winkler misconstrued the objective medical findings as 

shown in this record. “Social Security Administration regulations direct administrators . . . to 

give more weight to the opinions of sources who have actually examined the claimant than to the 

opinions of sources who have not done so.” Blaim v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 595 F. App’x 496, 

498-99 (6th Cir. 2014) (citing 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(d)(1)-(2)). Moreover, Dr. Winkler’s 

assessment included other inconsistencies. For instance, Dr. Winkler indicated that Wilson 

could lift only less than ten pounds. But at her hearing before the ALJ, Wilson testified that she 

could lift an object weighing about eight pounds, but she could not lift more than fifteen or 

twenty pounds. 

The ALJ instead credited the opinion of Dr. John Woods, who examined Wilson at her 

attorney’s request and specifically reviewed Wilson’s MRI and nerve conduction studies. Dr. 

Woods determined that Wilson’s “claims of neck and low back pain are out of proportion to the 

relatively modest abnormalities seen on her cervical and lumbar MRI scan” and that Wilson’s 

“claims of paresthesias and loss of sensation in her extremities simply are not borne out by 
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examination or nerve conduction testing.” The ALJ further accorded great weight to the 

assessment from the state agency medical consultants “because their opinions that [Wilson] is 

capable of performing light work activity is [sic] supported by the overwhelming medical 

evidence of record.” 

Second, Wilson contends that the ALJ erred by failing to consider all of her impairments. 

Specifically, the ALJ only provided a “passing nod” to Wilson’s mental impairments and failed 

to consider Wilson’s pain, weakness, and limitations related to her cervical and lumbar spinal

disorder and peripheral neuropathy. The ALJ’s decision belies Wilson’s assertion. The ALJ 

devoted extensive analysis to Wilson’s depression and general anxiety disorder, determining that 

those impairments “do not cause more than minimal limitation in [Wilson’s] ability to perform 

basic mental work activities and is [sic] therefore nonsevere.” In reaching this conclusion, the 

ALJ emphasized that Wilson had never been psychiatrically hospitalized, Wilson’s outpatient 

counseling sessions indicated that her anxiety was due to physical complaints, Wilson’s final 

counseling session indicated that her depression and anxiety had decreased, Wilson’s mental 

status exam was unremarkable, and a psychological consultative examination report by Richard 

Spurling, Ph.D., suggested that Wilson did not have a mental impairment that prevented her from 

working. Furthermore, as explained previously, the ALJ explicitly considered Wilson’s alleged 

symptoms stemming from her spinal disorder and peripheral neuropathy, but determined that 

those symptoms were inconsistent with the objective medical evidence and the determinations of 

multiple physicians.

Third, Wilson avers that the ALJ erred by failing to address whether Wilson did met

certain regulatory listings. When addressing an individual’s disability claim, the ALJ considers 

the medical severity of an impairment by evaluating whether the impairment meets or equals one 
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of the listings in the Social Security regulations. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iii). Wilson 

argues that the ALJ failed to specifically address the regulatory listing for disorders of the spine 

and for valvular heart disease. But Wilson’s counsel did not mention those particular listings at 

Wilson’s hearing before the ALJ, and Wilson offers no evidence that those listings applied to 

her. The ALJ was therefore not obligated to discuss those specific listings. See Malone v. 

Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 507 F. App’x 470, 472 (6th Cir. 2012) (rejecting the claimant’s assertion 

that the ALJ had to specifically discuss a particular listing where the claimant did not argue that 

he had a listed impairment at his administrative hearing); see also Walker v. Barnhart, 72 F. 

App’x 355, 357 (6th Cir. 2003) (holding that a claimant who did not assert a disability claim 

under a specific regulatory listing was “not entitled to an award of benefits under that listing”).

Fourth, Wilson claims that the ALJ erred by issuing a “boilerplate” statement assessing 

Wilson’s credibility concerning her symptoms and their functional effects. In determining 

whether a claimant is disabled, the ALJ must consider all of the claimant’s symptoms, including 

pain, and evaluate whether those “symptoms can reasonably be accepted as consistent with the 

objective medical evidence and other evidence.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1529. The ALJ’s decision 

“must contain specific reasons for the finding on credibility, supported by the evidence in the 

case record, and must be sufficiently specific to make clear to the individual and to any 

subsequent reviewers the weight the adjudicator gave to the individual’s statements and the 

reasons for that weight.” SSR 96-7P, 1996 WL 374186, at *2 (July 2, 1996). 

In assessing Wilson’s credibility, the ALJ expressly noted that Wilson’s symptoms did 

not square with the objective clinical findings. “The absence of sufficient objective medical 

evidence makes credibility a particularly relevant issue, and in such circumstances, this court 

will generally defer to the Commissioner’s assessment when it is supported by an adequate 
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basis.” Walters v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 127 F.3d 525, 531 (6th Cir. 1997). As explained above, 

the ALJ deemed the “rather mild findings” of the February 2011 MRIs of Wilson’s cervical and 

lumbar spine and the February 2011 nerve conduction studies of Wilson’s upper and lower 

extremities as “not capable of causing the amount of pain and functional limitations as the 

claimant testified about.” This adequately supported the ALJ’s conclusion that Wilson’s 

“statements concerning the intensity, persistence and limiting effects of [her] symptoms are not 

credible to the extent they are inconsistent with the . . . residual functional capacity assessment.”

Lastly, Wilson argues that the ALJ erred by failing to confirm whether the vocational 

expert’s testimony was consistent with the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. Because Wilson 

did not raise this issue before the district court, it is waived. See Schiedebusch v. Comm’r of Soc. 

Sec. Admin., 536 F. App’x 637, 649-50 (6th Cir. 2013).

For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM.