UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

________________ _________________ TERRY BUSSEY, Plaintiff - Appellant,

v. MARK T. ESPER, Secretary of U.S. Department of Defense, Defendant - Appellee. No. 19-2116 (D.C. No. 1:16-CV-00906-JCH-LF) (D. N.M.)

________________ _________________ ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

________________ _________________ Before BRISCOE , BACHARACH , and McHUGH , Circuit Judges.

________________ _________________ Terry Bussey appeals from th e district court’s affirm ance of a final decision rendered by the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) that itself affirmed Bussey’s termination from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm.

* After examining the briefs and appella te record, this pa nel has determined unanimously to honor the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore submitted without oral argument. This or der and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of la w of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1. FILED United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit 

### June 5, 2020 Christopher M. Wolpert Clerk of Court2 I. Background This appeal centers on Bussey’s claim th at the DTRA fired him in retaliation for his whistleblowing activit ies. The district court found that he waived any argument that informal comments he made to his supervisor and his supervisor’s boss about his supervisor’s alleged malfea sance were protected disclosures under applicable whistleblower prot ection laws. On appeal, Busse y claims he did not waive the argument. Bussey worked for the DTRA as a logi stics management specialist. On August 15, 2015, Bussey filed a confidentia l complaint about his supervisor, Paul Collins, with the defense department’s insp ector general (IG). The complaint alleged Collins engaged in widespread wrongdoing and mismanagement. Collins did not find out about this complaint until after Bussey’s termination. On August 31, 2015, Collins issued Bu ssey the first of three proposed disciplinary actions that culminated w ith Collins’s November 2015 recommendation that the DTRA terminate Bussey due to hi s “conduct unbecoming a federal employee, abusive language towards co-workers, failure to comply with l eave procedures, lack of candor, and Absence Without Leave. ” Aplt. App. Vol. 1 at 87. Collins sent the proposals to his boss, Calvin Conger, for decision. Bussey sent Conger responses that alluded to a conspiracy agains t him spearheaded by Collins. He outlined severa l of Collins’s alleged misdeed s, claiming he confronted Collins about some of these actions. A nd he sought equal puni shment for Collins, arguing that Collins’s “unscr upulous and willful acts of mismanagement, waste,3 fraud, [and] abuse of Tax pa yer’s dollar[s] are far mo re critical than any acts confronting myself.” Id. at 101. Bussey’s responses also provided excuses for his actions but did not contest mo st of the offending facts as outlined by Collins. Conger fired Bussey in January 2016. He noted: “[Y]ou alleged other acts of malfeasance on the part of Mr. Collins and others at DTRA. While I take these allegations seriously and will look into thos e allegations, I do not find them relevant to the misconduct that is alleged in the proposal memo randum and the allegations do not mitigate your own misconduct.” Id. at 103. Conger did not know about the IG complaint Bussey had filed. Bussey appealed his terminat ion to the MSPB, claiming that it lacked factual support and stemmed from (1) race, color, and age discrimination, (2) retaliation for filing a prior equal opportunity employme nt (EEO) complaint and testifying in support of a former employee at a prior MSPB hearing, and (3) and reprisal for protected disclosures in vi olation of 5 U.S.C. § 2302. 1 With regard to his protected disclosures claim, the administrative law judge (ALJ) handling Bussey’s appeal directed Bussey to “identify any and all prot ected disclosures . . . alleg[ed] to have contributed to the agency’s action rem oving him” and warned Bussey that “any disclosures not clearly identified . . . will be deemed waived.” Id. Vol. 2 at 262. Bussey’s response identified only the IG co mplaint as his protected disclosure and

1 Subject to exceptions not relevant here, the statute bars government employers from firing employees for disclo sing “any violation of any law, rule, or regulation,” “gross mismanagement, a gr oss waste of funds, [or] an abuse of authority,” among other things. 5 U. S.C. § 2302(b)(8)(A)(i)–(ii).4 argued that “[f]ollowing his submission of this ‘whistleblower’ memorandum, the acts of retaliation and reprisal . . . took plac e, culminating in [B ussey’s] removal.” Id. at 277. The ALJ then issued a no tice to inform the partie s what information he expected them to include in their prehearing submissions and of his understanding of Bussey’s affirmative defenses . In it, the ALJ noted th at “the only affirmative defenses [he was] aware of” were Busse y’s “claims of EEO discrimination and reprisal, reprisal for making a report to the [IG], and reprisal for testifying at a Board hearing.” Id. at 281 (emphasis omitted). The ALJ informed the parties that “[a]ny additions, corrections, or objec tions to this notice must [b ]e received by February 26, 2016[,] or be deemed waived.” Id. at 280. Bussey did not file any additions, corrections, or objections to the notice. Following the prehearing conference, th e ALJ issued an order defining the scope of the evidentiary heari ng. He again listed “reprisa l for making a report to the [IG] on August 15, 2015,” as one of Bussey’s affirmative defenses but did not make mention of any reprisal for Bussey’s other complaints about Collins. Aplee. Suppl. App. at 13. He clarified that the affirm ative defenses he identified would be “the affirmative defenses to which the hearing will be limited.” Id. (emphasis omitted). And he told the parties that “[a]ny additions , corrections, or objections to this order and summary must be received by March 4, 2016, or be deemed waived.” Id. at 10. Bussey did not file any additions, corre ctions, or objections to the order.5 The MSPB found that neither Collins nor Conger knew about the IG complaint before Bussey’s termination. The MSPB th erefore rejected Bussey’s whistleblower claim along with his other claims. Bussey filed a complaint in the distri ct court challenging the MSPB’s ruling. 2 There he argued for the first time that th e DTRA fired him in retaliation for his informal comments to Collins accusing him of misdeeds and for reporting Collins’s malfeasance to Conger. The district cour t found that Bussey waived this argument since he never raised it to the MSPB. The court went on to affirm the MSPB’s decision on Bussey’s whistleblower retalia tion claim because s ubstantial evidence supported the MSPB’s finding that neither Collins nor Conger knew about the IG complaint before firing Bussey. This appeal followed.
II. Discussion “A MSPB decision must be upheld unle ss the reviewing cour t determines that it is: (1) arbitrary, caprici ous, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law; (2) obtained without procedures required by law, rule, or regulation having been followed; or (3) unsuppor ted by substantial evidence.” Williams v. Rice , 983 F.2d 177, 180 (10t h Cir. 1993) (quoting 5 U.S.C. § 7703(c)).

2 “Review of a MSPB determination which does not involve claims of unlawful discrimination is conducted by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.” Coffman v. Glickman , 328 F.3d 619, 621 (10th Cir. 2003). “However, when an appeal to the MSPB involves claims of unlawful discrimination related to or stemming from the employmen t action, it is considered a ‘mixed’ appeal.” Id. (quoting 29 C.F.R. § 1614.302( a)(1)). “Review of MSPB determinations in ‘mixed’ cases lie s solely in a district court.” Id. at 621–22.6 Bussey first argues that in rejecting his whistleblowe r claim, the MSPB erred by failing to consider evidence he made prot ected disclosures to Collins and Conger. Yet Bussey concedes that before the MSPB , he “only submitted his report to the IG as his protected disclosure with regard to [his whistleblower] cl aim.” Aplt. Br. at 10–11. Because Bussey did not argue to the MSPB that any disclosures beyond those made to the IG warranted application of wh istleblower protection laws, we decline to review his claim of error. See, e.g. , Sistek v. Dep’t of Veterans Affairs , 955 F.3d 948, 953 n.1 (Fed. Cir. 2020) (“A party in an M SPB proceeding must raise an issue before the administrative judge if th e issue is to be preserved for review in this court.” (internal quotation marks omitted)); Garcia-Carbajal v. Holder , 625 F.3d 1233, 1237 (10th Cir. 2010) (“It is a fundamental principle of ad ministrative law that an agency must have the opportunity to rule on a ch allenger’s arguments before the challenger may bring those arguments to court.”); Micheli v. Dir., Offi ce of Workers’ Comp. Programs , 846 F.2d 632, 635 (10th Cir. 1988) (“[A] reviewing court will refuse to consider contentions not presented before the administrative proceeding at the appropriate time.” (interna l quotation marks omitted)). Bussey next argues the MSPB erred by finding that he waived his argument that Conger fired him in retaliation for hi s comments to and about Collins. But since Bussey never raised this argument, the MS PB never made any ruling on it—including finding that Bussey waived it. To the exte nt Bussey is arguing that the MSPB lacked legal authority to narrow the issues to those raised by th e parties, we reject this argument. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.24(b) (“An appellant may raise a clai m or defense not7 included in the appeal at any time before the end of the c onference(s) held to define the issues in the case. An appellant may not raise a new claim or defense after that time, except for good cause shown.”); Stearn v. Dep’t of the Navy , 280 F.3d 1376, 1381 (Fed. Cir. 2002) (holdi ng MSPB erred by reaching an issue sua sponte that a party “failed to affirmativel y plead, and thus waived”).
III. Conclusion We affirm the district court’s fina l judgment dismissing Bussey’s claims.

Entered for the Court
Carolyn B. McHugh Circuit Judge