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Filed 7/17/15 P. v. Franco CA4/2

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication 

or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION TWO

THE PEOPLE,

Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

IVAN GARCIA FRANCO,

Defendant and Appellant.

E061412

(Super.Ct.No. FVA1400082)

OPINION

APPEAL from the Superior Court of San Bernardino County. Gerard S. Brown, 

Judge. Affirmed with directions.

Mark D. Johnson, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and 

Appellant.

Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, 

Randall D. Einhorn and Peter Quon, Jr., Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and 

Respondent.
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I

INTRODUCTION

On May 7, 2014, a jury found defendant and appellant Ivan Garcia Franco guilty 

of first degree burglary under Penal Code section 4591(count 1); making criminal threats 

under section 422 (count 2); assault with a deadly weapon under section 245, subdivision 

(a)(1) (count 3); felony spousal battery under section 243, subdivision (e)(1) (count 4); 

violating a domestic restraining order under section 273.6, subdivision (a) (count 5); and 

misdemeanor infliction of mental suffering to a child under section 273a, subdivision (b) 

(counts 6 and 7). They jury also found true the special allegation that another person was 

present during the burglary under section 667.5, subdivision (c).

On June 6, 2014, the court sentenced defendant to state prison for the aggregate 

term of six years for his burglary conviction (count 1); imposed and stayed sentences for 

counts 2, 3 and 4 under section 654; and imposed concurrent sentences for counts 5, 6 

and 7. Moreover, the court ordered defendant to pay $750 for defense costs, and $505 for 

the preparation of the probation officer’s report.

On June 24, 2014, defendant filed a timely notice of appeal. On appeal, defendant 

contends that the trial court erred in awarding attorney fees and a probation investigation 

cost assessment. For the reasons set forth below, we shall remand the case to the trial 

court to determine defendant’s ability to pay the fees and assessment.

 

1 All statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise specified.
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II

STATEMENT OF FACTS

On January 12, 2014, defendant and the victim were married, but legally 

separated. Therefore, the victim and the couple’s four children, ranging in ages from 19 

years old to five years old, lived in Fontana, apart from defendant.

In August 2013, the victim obtained a restraining order that directed defendant to 

stay away from the victim and the couple’s children, and from certain places including 

the couple’s Fontana home. The victim was given full custody of the couple’s children.

About 5:30 a.m. on January 12, 2014, the victim was awakened by defendant 

standing next to her bed in the Fontana home. He signaled her to be quiet. He then 

grabbed her face with his left hand and said that he would kill her. He was holding a 

kitchen knife in his right hand.

While defendant was distracted by his young children in the bedroom, the victim 

called 911 and told the operator that defendant was in her home with a knife. When 

defendant moved as if to strike her with the knife, she grabbed his arm and struggled with 

him to keep the knife away from her. Defendant eventually dropped the knife after the 

couple’s daughter entered the room and began to argue with him. Defendant was still in 

the victim’s bedroom when police arrived. As a result of the struggle with defendant, the 

victim had several cuts on her fingers. Defendant was arrested.
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III

ANALYSIS

Defendant argues that the trial court erred in ordering him to pay $750 in defense 

costs and $505 for the probation officer’s investigation and report.

A. Background

At sentencing, the trial court ordered defendant to pay $750 in appointed counsel 

fees and $505 to compensate the probation officer for the costs of investigation and 

preparation of the presentence report. The court did not indicate the authority for the 

order and did not make a factual inquiry into defendant’s ability to pay. Defendant did 

not object to the trial court’s order.

B. Probation Investigation Costs

Defendant contends that the trial court erred in assessing a $505 fee to reimburse 

the probation department for its investigation costs under section 1203.1b. Defendant 

specifically contends that the court failed to find whether he had the ability to pay the fee. 

The People contend that defendant has forfeited his claim by failing to object to the trial 

court’s imposition of the probation investigation fee. We agree.

Section 1203.1b sets forth a process that trial courts must follow before it may 

impose a fee for probation investigation costs. First, the court must order the defendant 

to report to the probation officer, who will then determine the defendant’s ability to pay. 

(§1203.1b, subd. (a).) After the probation officer determines the amount the defendant 

can pay, the probation officer must inform the defendant that he or she is entitled to a 

hearing, during which the court will determine the defendant’s ability to pay and the 
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payment amount. (Ibid.) Section 1203.1b entitles the defendant to representation by 

counsel during this hearing. A defendant may waive his or her right to a hearing, but he 

or she must do so knowingly and intelligently. (Ibid.) If the defendant fails to waive his 

or her right to the hearing, the probation officer must refer the matter back to the trial 

court, and the trial court will determine the defendant’s ability to pay. (§1203.1b, subd. 

(b).)

In a recent opinion, the California Supreme Court stated as follows: 

“Notwithstanding the statute’s procedural requirements, we believe to place the burden 

on the defendant to assert noncompliance with section 1203.1b in the trial court as a 

prerequisite to challenging the imposition of probation costs on appeal is appropriate.” 

(People v. Trujillo (2015) 60 Cal.4th 850, 858.) The court went on to state: “Our 

reasoning in Scott [People v. Scott (1994) 9 Cal.4th 331] applies by analogy here. 

‘Although the court is required to impose sentence in a lawful manner, counsel is charged 

with understanding, advocating, and clarifying permissible sentencing choices at the 

hearing. Routine defects in the court’s statement of reasons are easily prevented and 

corrected if called to the court’s attention.’ (Scott, supra, 9 Cal.4th at p. 353.) In the 

context of section 1203.1b, a defendant’s making or failing to make a knowing and 

intelligent waiver occurs before the probation officer, off the record and outside the 

sentencing court’s presence. Although the statute contemplates that when the defendant 

fails to waive a court hearing, the probation officer will refer the question of the 

defendant’s ability to pay probation costs to the court, the defendant—or his or her 

counsel—is in a better position than the trial court to know whether the defendant is in 
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fact invoking the right to a court hearing. In Scott the existence, per se, of procedural 

safeguards in the sentencing process, such as the right to counsel and to present evidence 

and argument, did not prevent us from holding the forfeiture rule should apply with 

respect to the trial court’s discretionary sentencing choices. The same conclusion follows 

with respect to the imposition of the fees challenged here.” (Ibid., fn. omitted.)

In reaching its conclusion, the Supreme Court noted that important constitutional 

rights are not at stake in this case. “Thus, unlike cases in which either statute or case law 

requires an affirmative showing on the record of the knowing and intelligent nature of a 

waiver, in this context defendant’s counsel is in the best position to determine whether 

defendant has knowingly and intelligently waived the right to a court hearing. It follows 

that an appellate court is not well positioned to review this question in the first instance.” 

(People v. Trujillo, supra, 60 Cal.4th at p. 860.)

The Supreme Court, however, noted that defendant raising this issue is not wholly 

without recourse. The court set forth numerous methods by which a defendant can have 

this issue addressed by the probation department or sentencing court. (See People v. 

Trujillo, supra, 60 Cal.4th at pp. 860-861.)

Therefore, based on the recently published decision by the Supreme Court, we 

hold that defendant has forfeited his claim to challenge the trial court’s imposition of 

probation investigation costs. (People v. Trujillo, supra, 60 Cal.4th 850.)
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C. Ineffective assistance of counsel

In the alternative, defendant argues his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to 

object to the probation supervision fee at sentencing. “To prevail on a claim of 

ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must show both that counsel’s performance 

was deficient and that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense. [Citations.] 

Counsel’s performance was deficient if the representation fell below an objective 

standard of reasonableness under prevailing professional norms.” (People v. Benavides

(2005) 35 Cal.4th 69, 92-93, citing Strickland v. Washington (1984) 466 U.S. 668, 687-

688, 693-694.) However, “‘[if] the record on appeal sheds no light on why counsel acted 

or failed to act in the manner challenged . . . unless counsel was asked for an explanation 

and failed to provide one, or unless there simply could be no satisfactory explanation,’ 

the claim on appeal must be rejected.” (People v. Wilson (1992) 3 Cal.4th 926, 936.)

In this case, we agree with defendant that his counsel’s performance was deficient. 

Prior to the sentencing hearing, the probation officer submitted his report to the court 

with sentencing recommendations. Included in the report was defendant’s self-report that 

prior to his arrest in this case, he was employed as a warehouse worker for 18 months 

making $10 per hour. Defendant also indicated that he had no assets and had credit card 

debt. In the report, the probation officer recommended that the court impose $750 for 

appointed counsel, $505 for reimbursement of investigation costs, and $7,200 for 

restitution. This probation report was filed in the lower court on May 29, 2014, eight 

days before defendant’s sentencing hearing.
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At the sentencing hearing, the trial court rejected the probation officer’s 

recommendation that defendant be ordered to pay $7,200 as a restitution fine. Instead, 

the court reduced that restitution fine to $1,200. However, despite defendant’s minimal 

earnings and the fact he had no assets, and he had credit card debt, there is nothing in the 

record showing that defense counsel argued or urged the court that defendant did not 

have the ability to pay the recommended attorney fees and investigation costs. Therefore, 

in addition to the $1,200 restitution fine, the trial court imposed defendant’s sentence, 

including the order that defendant pay $750 for appointed counsel fees and $505 for 

investigation costs. No defense objection or later discussion was made pertaining to 

those fees and costs orders. Based on these facts, we find that defense counsel’s 

performance was deficient for failing to raise defendant’s inability to pay.

The People, however, argue that defense counsel’s performance was not deficient 

because counsel must have raised defendant’s ability to pay the fee during the inchambers discussion prior to the hearing. The record, however, does not support the 

People’s contention. Moreover, as defendant points out, if “the fines and fees were 

discussed [as the People contend,] it must also [be] conclude[d] that [defendant] has not 

forfeited his right to raise the disputed costs on appeal.” We, therefore, reject the 

People’s argument.

As to the second prong of defendant’s IAC claim, we find defense counsel’s 

failure to object to the imposition of the fees to be prejudicial since an objection would 

have yielded a hearing on defendant’s ability or inability to pay the fines. Based on the 
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probation officer’s report, it seems likely that defendant would not have the ability to pay 

the fines and fees imposed.

Based on defense counsel’s ineffective assistance of counsel, we hereby remand 

this case to the trial court to conduct a hearing on defendant’s ability to pay the probation 

investigation costs.

D. Attorney Fees

Defendant also contends that the trial court erred in assessing $750 to pay for the 

cost of his appointed counsel. Defendant specifically complains that the court failed to 

provide him an ability to pay hearing, and there is no substantial evidence to justify this 

award.

The People again argue that defendant has forfeited his challenge to the attorney

fees because he failed to object when the court imposed that fee. However, despite 

defendant’s failure to object, courts are reluctant to find forfeiture in light of the unusual 

nature of attorney fee awards in criminal cases and because the Legislature extensively 

protects defendants with procedural minimum that trial courts must follow before 

imposing such fees. (People v. Pacheco (2010) 187 Cal.App.4th 1392, 1397, overruled 

in part on another ground found in People v. McCullough (2013) 56 Cal.4th 589, 598-

599; People v. Viray (2005) 134 Cal.App.4th 1186, 1214-1216.) Also, it may be 

inequitable to find forfeiture based on an attorney’s failure to object to his own fees; the 

conflict of interests between the attorney’s and his or her client’s pecuniary interests 

militates against a finding of forfeiture. (Viray, supra, at pp. 1215-1216.)
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In a companion case to People v. Trujillo, supra, 60 Cal.App.4th 850, the 

California Supreme Court in People v. Aguilar (2015) 60 Cal.4th 862, addressed this 

issue. In Aguilar, the Supreme Court found it appropriate to apply the forfeiture rule in 

challenges to the award of attorney fees under section 987.8. (Aguilar, at pp. 867-868.) 

The court, however, pointed out that its opinion did not apply to appointed counsel, as in 

this case: “This case does not present, and we therefore do not address, the question 

whether a challenge to an order for payment of the cost of the services of appointed 

counsel is forfeited when the failure to raise the challenge at sentencing may be 

attributable to a conflict of interest on trial counsel’s part. (See, e.g., People v. Viray

(2005) 134 Cal.App.4th 1186, 1216-1217.)” (Id. at p. 868, fn. 4.)

Section 987.8, subdivision (b), entitled defendant to a noticed hearing to determine 

his “present ability” to pay the attorney fees. (§ 987.8, subd. (b); People v. Prescott

(2013) 213 Cal.App.4th 1473, 1476.) Although the presentence probation report put 

defendant on notice that the probation department recommended an attorney fee award, it 

does not appear that he received notice that the court would conduct a hearing to 

determine his ability to pay the fee. Moreover, the trial court did not either expressly or 

impliedly find whether defendant had the ability to pay.

Ordinarily, the appropriate remedy would be to remand the matter to the trial court 

to hold a hearing on defendant’s ability to pay. (People v. Prescott, supra, 213 

Cal.App.4th at p. 1476.) Therefore, because this case is already being remanded for the

trial court to hold a hearing regarding defendant’s ability to pay the probation 
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investigation costs, we hereby remand this matter for a hearing on defendant’s ability to 

pay the attorney fees.

IV

DISPOSITION

The case is remanded to the trial court to hold a hearing on defendant’s ability to 

pay the probation investigation costs and attorney fees. In all other respects, the 

judgment is affirmed.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS

McKINSTER

J.

We concur:

RAMIREZ

P. J.

MILLER

J.